Sky Dylan-Robbins

Sky Dylan-Robbins (born Skyler Dylan-Robbins on January 14, 1989) is an American journalist, documentary producer and media entrepreneur. She is the founder and Executive Director of The Video Consortium, a global nonprofit network that connects journalists and documentary filmmakers around the world. She was a journalist at "The New Yorker" and a producer at NBC News.
Early life.
Born and raised in New York City, Dylan-Robbins is the only child of media personality and education entrepreneur Ellie Dylan and Steven Robbins, a business executive. She attended the Rudolf Steiner School on Manhattan’s Upper East Side and went on to receive a Bachelor of Arts in Radio/Television/Film, Italian, and Sociology from Northwestern University, cum laude. She spent her junior year making films in Italy and studying cinema at the University of Bologna.
Career.
Dylan-Robbins began her career at Tumblr as its editorial video lead. With journalist Jessica Bennett and media executive Chris Mohney, she covered subcultures, news, and trends among the platform’s 475 million blogs for its online magazine, Storyboard, while partnering with media outlets like "Time" and WNYC.
In 2013, she was hired by "The New Yorker"’s Nicholas Thompson to produce the magazine’s first video series and short documentaries. Dylan-Robbins worked at the magazine when video was becoming the focus of media outlets as a tool for growth and developed "The New Yorker"’s video strategy. During her four years at the magazine, Dylan-Robbins reported on a range of topics from the rise of e-cigarettes and the overuse of c-sections to California’s deadly drought and psilocybin’s healing effects on the terminally ill. She helped migrate the magazine onto emerging platforms like Snapchat to reach a younger audience.
In 2017, Dylan-Robbins left the magazine for NBC to help launch a new video initiative under the umbrella of NBC News. She worked across digital, streaming, and broadcast departments, reporting on stories in America, Japan, Italy, and the Balkans. She worked at NBC exactly forty years after her mother, Ellie Dylan, was at the network, which inspired Dylan-Robbins to use old segments from her mother’s reportage and feature them to show changing trends across the decades.
While at The New Yorker, Dylan-Robbins founded the Video Consortium, a 501(c)3-registered nonprofit network that supports, develops, and connects the next generation of video journalists and documentary filmmakers with resources, tools, and jobs. The network has chapters around the world. Dylan-Robbins serves as its Executive Director.
Dylan-Robbins is recognized for her media innovation and was chosen by "Forbes m"agazine as a 30 under 30 in the Media category. She has received numerous journalism accolades, including Pictures of the Year International, New York Press Club, the Newswomen’s Club of New York, the James Beard Foundation, and the Society of Publication Designers. She won a Webby Award in 2013 for her work with Storyboard.


Chattr

 is the command in Linux that allows a user to set certain attributes of a file. is the command that displays the attributes of a file.
Most BSD-like systems, including macOS, have always had an analogous command to set the attributes, but no command specifically meant to display them; specific options to the command are used instead. The chflags command first appeared in 4.4BSD.
Solaris has no commands specifically meant to manipulate them. and are used instead.
Other Unixes, in general, have no analogous commands. The similar-sounding commands (from HP-UX) and (from AIX) exist but have unrelated functions.
Among other things, the command is useful to make files immutable so that password files and certain system files cannot be erased during software upgrades.
In Linux systems ( and ).
File system support.
The command line tools (to manipulate attributes) and (to list attributes) were originally specific to the Second Extended Filesystem family (ext2, ext3, ext4), and are available as part of the e2fsprogs package.
However, the functionality has since been extended, fully or partially, to many other systems, including XFS, ReiserFS, JFS and OCFS2. The btrfs file system includes the attribute functionality, including the codice_1 flag, which turns off the built-in copy-on-write (CoW) feature of btrfs due to slower performance associated with CoW.
description.
The form of the command is:
 chattr [-RVf] [-+=AacDdijsTtSu] [-v version] files...
description.
The form of the command (gnu 1.41.3):
 lsattr [ -RVadv ] [ files... ]
Attributes.
Some attributes include:
In BSD-like systems ().
File system support.
The command is not specific to particular file systems. UFS on BSD systems, and APFS, HFS+, SMB, AFP, and FAT on macOS support least some flags.
description.
The form of the command is:
 chflags [-R [-H | -L | -P]] flags file ...
Displaying.
BSD-like systems, in general, have no default user-level command specifically meant to display the flags of a file. The command will do with either the codice_13, or the codice_14, depending on the system, flags passed.
Attributes.
All traditional attributes can be set or cleared by the super-user; some can also be set or cleared by the owner of the file.
Some attributes include:
BSD systems offer additional flags like offline, snapshot, sparse, and uarchive; see References.


CER Computer

CER (, "Digital Electronic Computer") was a series of early computers (based on vacuum tubes and transistors) developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s.
Models:
Models and types.
"CER-Computers Table (author: Dušan Hristović, M.P.Institute, Belgrade University)"; GFDL and CCSA 3.0 License.


Digico Limited

Digico was a British computer company founded in 1965 by Keith Trickett and Avo Hiiemae, two ex-ICL electronics engineers. Former MP Eric Lubbock became chairman in 1969. The company was based in Letchworth initially, moving to a new factory in Stevenage in 1973 and employing about 90 staff.
Digico's first product was a laboratory data-logging and spectrum analyser hardware system named DIGIAC. This product had been developed before Digico was formed, so was an immediate source of income. Digico soon developed a 16-bit minicomputer series, the Micro 16, for which it was best known for.
Digico Micro 16.
Digico quickly started developing a general purpose single accumulator 16-bit minicomputer, the Micro 16, which became available in 1966. Digico was assisted by the Ministry of Technology and the National Research Development Corporation in this development. The first version produced was the Digico Micro 16S (1968), followed by the 16P (1970), then the 16V in 1972.
The Digico Micro 16V had a standard memory of 4k words with 950 nano second cycle time, expandable to 64k words, and able to support up to 64 external interfaces. It had an optional microprogrammed floating-point unit. The Micro 16V was supported by a simple and flexibly sized executive that could optionally support multiprogramming, disc files and teletypes. The Micro 16V used semiconductor memory, rather than magnetic-core memory as in the previous models.
Digico primarily sold into the data logging market until 1969, when it expanded into areas like process control, stock control and front-end processors for the ICL 1900 mainframe. In 1974 Digico had a turnover of over £1 million (equivalent to £ million in ) and in 1977 well over £1 million.
In 1978 the Digico Micro 16E stackable minicomputer, which was well suited to an office environment, won a Design Council Award for Engineering Products.


CricketDraw

CricketDraw was a second generation vector graphics creation software program for the Apple Macintosh by Cricket Software. It followed MacDraw and was a contemporary of MacDraft and to some extent, Silicon Beach Software's SuperPaint.
One notable feature of CricketDraw was its ability to display the raw PostScript code and the QuickDraw-interpreted elements simultaneously in two windows, the same way Adobe Systems's Dreamweaver does with HTML code now.
Because it was PostScript-savvy, this package offered fine control over graduated fills that were not supported by MacDraw's QuickDraw-based rendering engine.


BASIC 8

BASIC 8 (or BASIC 8.0) "The Enhanced Graphics System For The C128" developed by Walrusoft of Gainesville, Florida and published in 1986 by Patech Software of Somerset, New Jersey, USA, was an extension of Commodore's BASIC 7.0 for the C128 home/personal computer. BASIC 8.0 provided commands lacking in BASIC 7.0 to generate (color) graphics in the C128's high-resolution 80-column mode (640×200 pixels) for RGB monitors.
The BASIC 8 package was developed by Walrusoft's Louis Wallace and David Darus, with contributions from Ken French (printer drivers) and indirectly from Richard Rylander (who allowed his 3D solids commands for the C64, originally published in "Dr. Dobb's Journal", to be converted to the C128's hi-res mode).
Background and description.
The problem.
One of the primary critiques of Commodore's computers was that their BASIC programming language dialects lacked easy sound, graphics, and input device commands, like their competitors in the Apple II and Atari 8-bit families requiring obscure PEEK and POKE sequences, or machine language routines, to generate high-resolution graphics, sound and music, or read from joysticks and paddles. The BASIC 2.0 of the Commodore 64, totally devoid of sound and graphics commands, induced the development of many third-party language extensions, such as Simons' BASIC, enabling non-expert users to enter the world of computer graphics.
When the C128 was launched, its BASIC 7.0 contained a host of sound and graphics commands. However, they only worked in the "40-column" video mode, i.e. the TV/composite monitor mode with a resolution equal to the C64's. Users who wanted to program graphics in the C128's new high-resolution "80-column mode", primarily intended for RGBI monitors, found themselves in an even worse position than previously with the C64, since the C128's 8563 VDC graphics chip was much harder to program than the VIC-II.
A solution.
BASIC 8.0 filled in the gap. It came on floppy disk and ROM chip versions, and provided many graphics commands that were competitive with the C128's opposition in the high-end 8-bit microcomputer market. BASIC 8.0 was fully compatible with the various first-party RAM and video RAM expansion chips and cartridges, as well as mice and joysticks. In addition, it had basic 3D graphics commands. Along with a 188-page manual, the included software package included a BASIC 8.0 example of a GUI, and a BASIC 8.0 based high-res paint program, Basic Paint.
Source code, copy protection.
Source code of some of the BASIC 8 package was provided, and the BASIC 8.0 disk lacked any sort of copy protection, but this was before the Open Source Initiative; it was done as a courtesy. Instead of threatening legal action, Walrusoft simply asked users not to copy the software in the documentation. It worked; BASIC 8.0 became one of the best selling expansions for the C128.
Sample commands.
In BASIC 8.0, all added commands were prefaced with the @ mark, which was not normally used in Commodore BASIC, to distinguish between the original and the new keywords. The use of this character would allow the developer to extend BASIC 7.0 without having to re-tokenize the commands as it was done on the C64. It was accomplished by trapping the syntax error generated by the command.


Nikon E3


Xplore Technologies

Xplore Technologies is a publicly traded, designer, marketer and manufacturer of rugged tablets. The company was founded in 1996 and is based in Austin, Texas. In 2015, Xplore Technologies purchased assets of Motion Computing making it one of the top companies in the rugged tablet PC market. The company's products are primarily used by field service personnel, factory workers and military personnel. Xplore Technologies products are built to satisfy MIL-STD-810G and HAZLOC compliant ATEX standards, as well as Ingress Protection (IP) ratings.
History.
Xplore Technologies was founded in Ontario, Canada in 1996 and began selling devices in 1998. The company was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange in June 1998. In 2003, Xplore Technologies announced that it was relocating its corporate headquarters to Austin, Texas. The company filed to change its jurisdiction from Canada to Delaware in 2006. In July 2012, after being traded over-the-counter since leaving the TSX, the company filed for an IPO with the SEC and was listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. In March 2015, Xplore Technologies raised $12 million when it sold an additional 2 million shares of common stock. In April 2015, the company bought assets of Motion Computing Inc. for $16 million. On July 5, 2018, Zebra Technologies announced its intent to acquire Xplore Technologies for roughly $90 million.


Cope-Com

Cope-Com is a Danish Amiga software developer founded in 1987 by Martin B. Pedersen and Torben B. Larsen.
History.
Martin Pedersen started out in 1985 with an Amstrad computer in which he did a conversion game title called "The Vikings". At the same time Torben B. Larsen was doing the graphics for the same game on the Commodore 64 and that is how the two of them met. Feeling limited with the Amstrad and its technical abilities, Martin B. Pedersen decided to take a closer look at the new Amiga 1000 computer which was about to be released. They were impressed by the better resolution, colour palette and sound sampling of the Amiga.
Game publishing.
Cope-Com published two games for the Amiga: "Hybris" (1989, Discovery Software) and "Battle Squadron" (1989, Electronic Zoo). Both were vertical-scrolling shoot 'em ups. Both titles were critical successes.
On July 4, 2011, Cope-Com had converted their famed and legendary Amiga game called "Battle Squadron" to iOS devices titled Battle Squadron ONE and published the game through Apple App Store.
On December 14, 2011, Cope-Com released on App Store world's first 2-player split-screen shooter for iPad, called Battle Squadron ONE 2-player. The new 2-player split-screen feature enables 2 players to go head to head with or against each other on the same iPad adding twice the fun. In addition the universal iOS version of Battle Squadron ONE was upgraded from 1.0 to 2.0 also featuring world's first 2-player split-screen mode.
On April 9, 2012, Cope-Com released for Android 2.1 - 4.x on Google Play, their famed classic Amiga shooter Battle Squadron.
On November 6, 2013, Cope-Com released for AmigaOS 4.x, their famed classic Amiga shooter Battle Squadron.
On December 23, 2013, Cope-Com released for MorphOS, their famed classic Amiga shooter Battle Squadron.


Tandy Pocket Computer

The Tandy Pocket Computer or TRS-80 Pocket Computer is one of a line of 1980s small pocket computers—calculator-sized programmable computing devices—sold by Tandy Corporation under the ""Tandy" or "Radio Shack TRS-80"" brands.
Although named after the TRS-80 line of computers, they were not compatible with it and didn't use the Z-80 CPU. Computers in the line were actually rebadged Sharp and Casio devices with different model names. They were given designations from PC-1 to PC-8. The PC-1, PC-2, PC-3 and PC-8 are Sharp devices, while the PC-4, PC-5, PC-6 and PC-7 were designed by Casio.
History, lineage and nomenclature.
Although not branded as such, the original TRS-80 Pocket Computer later became known as the PC-1, as subsequent models were labelled PC-2 through PC-8. Some were made by Sharp, and the rest by Casio (PC-4 through PC-7). The PC-2 had four colored ball point pens and could print or plot on plain paper. The others all used thermal paper, the PC-3 and PC-8 using the same printer, the PC-4, PC-5 and PC-6 using the same printer, and the PC-7 having no printer or cassette interface.
Models.
The Tandy/TRS-80 model names are listed with the corresponding original Sharp/Casio model number.
Purpose.
Pocket computers were an advancement over early programmable calculator designs. In addition to providing users with scientific math functions in a small portable package, the devices also understood a form of the BASIC programming language. They included a QWERTY keyboard, of either rubber capacitive or membrane type, to use for entering the names of scientific functions and programming commands, in addition to a traditional numeric keypad. (The exception was the PC-7, which had a rectangular and alphabetically ordered keyboard, like most scientific calculators.) On some models, the alphanumeric keypad had a different type, form factor, and location than the numeric keypad.
Design.
The models provided a short one-line dot-matrix LCD display, to show the current line of input text, or a segment of it containing the cursor. Character widths in these models varied from 12 characters in the PC-4 and PC-7 to 24 characters on most of the rest. The displays also included some way of indicating operational mode, scientific mode, and other states and conditions.
The Casio models included lower-case characters. These were only for use in PRINT statements, as lower-case commands and variables were not accepted as with almost all BASIC programming machines.
In general, the two specific lines were not cross-compatible, but there were compatibilities between lines. PC-1 programs would work unmodified on the PC-3 and on the PC-8 with changes for screen size, and PC-4 (26-3650B) programs would run unmodified on the PC-5, PC-6 and PC-7. The PC-2 was a completely unique architecture and was the only unit in the line allowing direct memory access with POKE, PEEK and CALL.
Operating modes.
Each model had two operating modes: Run and Prog.
Run.
In Run mode, the command line could be openly used to execute one-line, non-BASIC operations. This is the normal mode used, from where arbitrary calculations could be entered to receive results. The Run mode also allowed the execution of the BASIC programs stored in the device.
Instead of an "equals" key to initiate calculation evaluation, an "EXE" (execute) key was provided. This caused confusion with those who were used to traditional calculators. The = character was used only for variable assignment, and evaluation tests in programs.
The input of simple calculations would be aggregated on the command line, and no results would be displayed until the EXE key was pressed. In some models, a special ANS variable was provided to reuse the results of the previous calculation; in others, the previous calculation was automatically included if the next calculation began with an operator.
Some valid calculation input examples (PC-8):
 SIN40
 10+2+(8*1)/7
 TAN (LOG (√(4/3)))
Prog.
The Prog mode changed the input from a command line to a program editor. In this mode, BASIC programs could be entered one line at a time. Up and down arrow buttons were provided to scroll up and down through the program space. On most models, free calculations could not be entered in the Prog mode. Certain models, especially the Casio-derived ones, called this mode WRiTe mode.
On the Sharp models, there was only one line numbering space. In order for multiple programs to exist on the device, they had to be written in different ranges of line numbers. For example, it was common to insert one program starting with line 100, and another program starting at line 200, etc. Valid line numbers in most models were from 1 to 999. To prevent run-on execution, each program had to finish with the END command, unless run-on execution was desired. On Sharp-derived units, labels could be inserted into the program, usually single characters such that in Run mode, that program could be executed by depressing a special DEF key followed by the key of that character. This was equivalent to an explicit GOTO command to the first line number of that section of program, which was also a valid way to execute programs from Run mode.
In the Casio-derived models, the BASIC space was subdivided into segmented program spaces which could be numbered, cleared and executed manually, or could call each other.
Many of the devices included a special modifier key to expedite the entry of BASIC commands as well as scientific function names. The most common commands would each be associated with a key, and the full command could be entered by depressing the special modifier key, followed by the associated key for the command.
In some models, BASIC and other commands would be converted into one-character tokens (converted to strings upon display) instead of being stored as whole strings.
An example of the BASIC programming accepted by the PC-x would be:
10 PRINT "Tandy Pocket Computers";
20 GOTO 10
30 END
This would endlessly scroll the message "Tandy Pocket Computers" across the screen repeatedly until the program was stopped.
Memory.
The total memory capacity of the devices varied from 1 KB to 12 KB and up as far as 16 KB with the use of an available RAM card (only for some models). The optional RAM cards varied in sizes from 1 KB, 4 KB and 8 KB.
All user storage was taken from the same space, so allocation of arrays using DIM would decrease the available memory for program instructions, and vice versa. However, the storage space for one-character alphabetical variables was pre-allocated, and as a result the A array had special significance in many units. For example, in the PC-8, the A array actually pointed to the locations of the alphabetical variables, so A(2) pointed to the value of B, and so on. As a result, published programs for the device avoided the use of A as either an array or an alphabetical variable. On some models the entire variable space could be manipulated in this fashion.
Other notes.
It was not possible to define new mathematical function commands for use in Run mode. However, on many Sharp derived models, a special AREAD command was added to BASIC which would assign the current value on the display line to a given variable, which could then be used in a program. Combined with a defined key, this allowed very quick custom operation.
The program interpreter on the models did not provide human-readable error information. Errors encountered either in program execution or calculation evaluation would be returned as one of 9 error codes, usually indicated by replacing the display with text such as "ERROR 4". On the PC-7 model the list of error codes was printed above the text keypad, and was included on the case of the PC-8, but with other models users not familiar with the meaning of each code would have to refer to the manual. Like other characteristics of this line, the meanings of the error codes were not necessarily equivalent from model to model.
Undocumented commands.
The PC-8 had a couple of commands that were not listed in the manual, but nonetheless were recognized by BASIC and usable.
Also, SHIFT-6 on the PC-8 will display a Yen symbol.


N-version programming

"N"-version programming (NVP), also known as multiversion programming or multiple-version dissimilar software, is a method or process in software engineering where multiple functionally equivalent programs are independently generated from the same initial specifications. The concept of "N"-version programming was introduced in 1977 by Liming Chen and Algirdas Avizienis with the central conjecture that the "independence of programming efforts will greatly reduce the probability of identical software faults occurring in two or more versions of the program". The aim of NVP is to improve the reliability of software operation by building in fault tolerance or redundancy.
NVP approach.
The general steps of "N"-version programming are:
Applications.
"N"-version programming has been applied to software in switching trains, performing flight control computations on modern airliners, electronic voting (the SAVE System), and the detection of zero-day exploits, among other uses.


Peripheral Interchange Program

Peripheral Interchange Program (PIP) was a utility to transfer files on and between devices on Digital Equipment Corporation's computers. It was first implemented on the PDP-6 architecture by Harrison "Dit" Morse early in the 1960s. It was subsequently implemented for DEC's operating systems for PDP-10, PDP-11, and PDP-8 architectures.
In the 1970s and 1980s Digital Research implemented PIP on CP/M and MP/M.
History.
It is said that during development it was named ATLATL, which is an acronym for "Anything, Lord to Anything, Lord." This humorously described both its purpose as a device-independent file copying tool and the difficulties at the time of safely copying files between devices.
The original PIP syntax was
 PIP destination←source /switches
using the left-arrow character from the ASCII-1963 character set that the Flexowriter keyboards of the time used. As other terminals were introduced that used later versions of ASCII (without the left-arrow character), PIP allowed the syntax
 PIP destination=source
The underscore (_) character, which was in the same ASCII character position that left-arrow had occupied, was still supported to separate the destination and source specifications.
Source and destination were "file specification" strings. These consisted of a device name, typically 2 characters for device type such as DK (disk), LP (line printer), MT (magnetic tape), etc. and a unit number from 0 to 7, a colon (:), filename and extension.
Copying was generally permitted between any file specification to any other where it made sense.
Early versions of VAX/VMS implemented certain DCL commands, such as DIRECTORY and RENAME, by running RSX-11M PIP in compatibility mode. This usage of PIP was replaced by VAX-specific code in VAX/VMS 2.0, but PIP remained as part of the VAX-11 RSX layered product for VMS.
As late as the mid 1980s, PIP was still in common use on TOPS-10, TOPS-20 and PDP-11 systems.
PIP in CP/M and MP/M.
Gary Kildall, who developed CP/M and MP/M, based much of the design of its file structure and command processor on operating systems from Digital Equipment, such as RSTS/E for the PDP-11. Besides accessing files on a floppy disk, the PIP command in CP/M could also transfer data to and from the following "special files":
These were not true device files, however, because their handling was limited to PIP. The two custom devices and were implemented as calls to fixed locations at the start of the PIP program; the intention was that the user, or the OEM, could patch these locations to add their own input or output devices. 246 bytes of free space were left in the program for this purpose.
In addition to the usual codice_1 syntax, PIP under CP/M still allowed the old codice_2 form. This behaviour was not documented, and CP/M generally did not have a standard for which characters could appear in file names; therefore other programs could and did create filenames containing underscore characters, which PIP could not handle.


Acorn Business Computer

The Acorn Business Computer (ABC) was a series of microcomputers announced at the end of 1983 by the British company Acorn Computers. The series of eight computers was aimed at the business, research and further education markets. Demonstrated at the Personal Computer World Show in September 1984, having been under development for "about a year" and having been undergoing field trials from May 1984, the range "understandably attracted a great deal of attention" and was favourably received by some commentators. The official launch of the range was scheduled for January 1985.
Acorn had stated in a February 1985 press release that the ABC machines would soon be available in 50 stores, but having been rescued by Olivetti, no dealers were stocking the range and only the Personal Assistant and 300 series models were expected to be on display by the end of March. However, the ABC range was cancelled before any of the models were shipped to customers. The ABC 210 was subsequently relaunched as the Acorn Cambridge Workstation in July 1985, and sold in modest numbers to academic and scientific users.
The ABC range was developed by Acorn essentially as a repackaged BBC Micro, expanded to 64 KB RAM, to which was added (in some models) a second processor and extra memory to complement the Micro's 6502. The electronics and disk drives were integrated into the monitor housing, with a separate keyboard.
The Zilog Z80, Intel 80286 and National Semiconductor 32016 were all used as second processors in the various models. Two of the eight models produced, the Personal Assistant and the Terminal, had no second processor.
Origins.
As part of the agreement made between Acorn and the BBC to supply a microcomputer to accompany the BBC Computer Literacy Project, Acorn had committed to deliver a business upgrade for the BBC Micro, with Z80-based computers running the CP/M operating system being the established business platform at that time and thus the likely form of any such upgrade. This upgrade was eventually delivered in 1984 as the Z80 Second Processor, requiring a BBC Micro, dual floppy drives and a display to complete a basic business system for a total cost of around £1500. As such, the bundle was not offered as a single, packaged business computer product, unlike a widening range of competing products that could be obtained at such a price.
Various systems had already been proposed by Acorn early in the life of the BBC Micro before the Acorn Business Computer name had been publicly adopted. For instance, the machine that would eventually be known as the ABC 210 was described in mid-1982 in the context of an apparent deal with National Semiconductor, indicating a 1 MB system with hard disks and "Acorn, Unix or Idris operating systems" at an estimated price of around $3500, with a second processor product for the BBC Micro having only 256 KB RAM. The Gluon concept, offering a 32016 second processor solution for the BBC Micro and other microcomputers, featured prominently in the company's strategy to offer more powerful computing hardware and to provide the basis for more powerful machines.
Meanwhile, the machine that would become known as the ABC 100 was described in mid-1983 as the Acorn Business Machine, being based on the BBC Micro with Z80 Second Processor, twin disk drives, running CP/M, with an anticipated launch the same year and a price of "under £2000". Such a configuration, with a Z80 processor running CP/M assisted by a 6502 processor managing the display and peripherals was already proven by various Torch Computers products - notably the BBC Micro-based C-series (Communicator) - and also featured in machines like the C/WP Cortex.
The successful development of second processor solutions was regarded as an essential progression that would enable Acorn to offer variants of the BBC Micro as business machines and to be able to compete with Torch, whose products were in some ways pursuing such goals. Delays affected the development of these products, however. In late 1983, the launch of the Z80 Second Processor had been estimated as occurring in February 1984, and although the 16032 Second Processor had been demonstrated at an event in Munich, Acorn had not apparently decided on pricing or positioning, describing the product as being "months away". Meanwhile, negotiations between National Semiconductor, Acorn, Logica and Microsoft were ongoing with regard to making Unix - Xenix, specifically - available on "the BBC machine".
Range and specifications.
The following models were originally announced in late 1984, with pricing for several models announced in early 1985.
ABC 210/Acorn Cambridge Workstation.
This model, providing a hard disk, entered production as the Acorn Cambridge Workstation (ACW 443).
The reason given for providing Panos as the operating system at the launch of the Acorn Cambridge Workstation instead of Xenix, despite Acorn having contracted Logica to port Xenix to the machine, was the apparent lack of a working memory management unit (MMU) in the National Semiconductor 32016 chipset, for which a socket was nevertheless provided on the machine's processor board. Such problems with the 32081 MMU had been noted with regard to hardware workarounds adopted in the design of the Whitechapel MG-1 workstation (a somewhat higher-specification product than Acorn's offerings that initially provided National Semiconductor's own Unix variant, Genix, instead of Xenix).
Four models were originally planned for launch in the Acorn Cambridge Workstation range: the ACW 100, ACW 121 and ACW 143 being models with 1 MB of RAM (expandable to 4 MB except for the ACW 100), the ACW 443 having 4 MB of RAM; the ACW 143 and ACW 443 offering hard drive storage. A range of languages were bundled as standard, with Acorn emphasising the productivity benefits of having a 32-bit desktop computer with "the computational performance of a super-minicomputer", providing the result of an in-house benchmark test against a VAX 11/750 running 4.2BSD, both in single-user mode and in "typical heavily loaded" multi-user mode, to illustrate and reinforce the message that such a computer could "take the strain off an overloaded super-minicomputer".
ABC 300.
Some confusion arose when the range was first shown, with commentators given the impression that the graphical environment had been developed by Acorn. It was subsequently noted that Acorn and Digital Research had apparently conspired to leave such an impression because the Digital Research product itself was still "secret at the time Acorn decided to show it". Although impressed by the potential of the machine, offering support for running four applications concurrently, including traditional DOS applications, by using the protected mode of the 80286 and relying on the "host" 6502 at the core of the ABC architecture to handle the display needs of each application, skepticism was expressed at Acorn's likely pricing and the company's ability to deliver the product by a rumoured release date of March 1985.
Legacy.
Although most of the ABC models failed to reach the market in their original form, particularly after Olivetti's rescue of Acorn, several of the concepts were revisited in the BBC Master series of microcomputers. Like the ABC Personal Assistant, the Master 128 offers more memory than the original BBC Micro and includes the View and ViewSheet productivity software on-board. The Master Econet Terminal, like the ABC Terminal, emphasises network access and a lack of on-board software and local storage. Meanwhile, the Master Scientific was intended to offer some continuity with the 32016-based second processor solution provided by the Acorn Cambridge Workstation, and the Master 512 offers a 80186-based second processor with DOS Plus and GEM support, thus resembling the ABC 300 series in particular ways. However, none of the Master series features an integrated display, which had been criticised in some reviews of the ABC series. Around two years after the unveiling of the ABC range, the Master Compact eventually introduced the practice of bundling a display and storage into Acorn's traditional product range.
Whereas the different models in the ABC range were combinations of a "host" computer based on the BBC Micro and a second processor fitted inside the display unit, the equivalent Master-series variants were generally accommodated by plug-in coprocessor cards fitted inside a Master 128 or Master Econet Terminal (ET), these models being the foundation of the range. It was therefore possible to acquire and upgrade the Master 128 or ET to one of the other models by installing the appropriate coprocessor card, and unlike the ABC whose models could be purchased as complete systems, only the Master 128 and ET were offered by Acorn as systems with the coprocessors offered separately as "modules" to realise the desired variants.
A more direct legacy of the range concerns the BBC Model B+ whose motherboard appears to have its origin as the BBC Micro "host" found in the different ABC models: a design using 64-kilobit RAM chips, an updated disk controller, and support for shadow RAM. Having successfully pursued a similar strategy to that of the Acorn Business Computer, Torch were said to be "actively evaluating the B+ motherboard", having used the previous BBC Micro motherboard as the basis of the company's earlier products.
The 1982 vision of microcomputers acting as terminals to a "Universal Gluon" expansion did eventually come to pass through the availability of a number of third-party expansions for the BBC Micro such as the Cambridge Microprocessor Systems 68000 second processor, Flight Electronics 68000 processor board, and the Micro Developments MD512k Universal Second Processor System. Meanwhile, various companies pursued the development of Tube-based second processor solutions involving the 68000, neglected by Acorn in its own offerings, such as the CA Special Products Casper board and the Torch Computers HDP68K, the latter offering the Unix support never delivered for Acorn's 32016-based systems.
Initially mentioned as a "CAD graphics workstation based on the 16032 chip" in October 1983, and presumably following on from work done by Acorn related to the design of the ULA components in its products, the Acorn Cambridge Workstation formed the hardware basis of a chip design product by Qudos called Quickchip, "a comprehensive CAD package for semi-custom gate arrays... supported by a high speed direct write electron beam fabrication facility", used by custom semiconductor product designers such as Flare Technology and promoted by the UK's Department of Trade and Industry. A related product was apparently produced by Qudos for the BBC Master Turbo or BBC Micro with 6502 second processor expansion, offering design support for custom gate arrays of "up to around 300 gates in size" based on Ferranti ULA technology. Quickchip was subsequently ported to the Acorn Archimedes, with the software having previously been "running on powerful Unix workstations". Although the smaller-scale Minichip solution ran on a BBC Micro-based system with 6502 coprocessor, and was also released for the Archimedes, the Unix-based Quickchip solution apparently ran on Vax systems running Ultrix.
Having promised some kind of Unix product as early as 1982, Acorn eventually released a Unix workstation in 1989 based on the Archimedes hardware platform, followed up by other models in 1990. Instead of Xenix, these workstations ran RISC iX: a port of 4.3BSD Unix to the ARM architecture.


Manchester Meg


HyperEdit

HyperEdit is an application for Apple's Mac OS X developed by Jonathan Deutsch.
The software is primarily targeted at Web developers, combining a HTML (including CSS), PHP and JavaScript editor in one lightweight program. It offers customizable syntax highlighting for these weblanguages.
Some notable features include: W3C validation (underlines mistakes in red), JavaScript debugger, code snippets, color swatches palette, StartUp Items (to load specific documents on start-up) and live preview. The latter feature works for both HTML (with JavaScript, if enabled in Safari) and PHP sites on Mac OS X 10.3 and above.
To display webpages, Safari is used, which has a rendering engine named (WebKit).
HyperEdit is available as Shareware, and a free demo with some limitations is available at the developer's website.
PHP 5.
It is possible to deploy the latest version of PHP, namely 5.x, on HyperEdit for Mac OS X v10.4 and above.


Skytone Alpha-400

The Skytone Alpha-400 is a Linux-based low-cost netbook with a 7 in 800×480 LCD screen, introduced in 2008. Its measurements (length×width×depth) are 210×140×32 mm and it weighs 0.65 kg.
It is made in China by Skytone and Exon International Technology Co Ltd, with the former providing the GNU/Linux software and the latter producing the hardware. It uses a Chinese Ingenic Jz4730 336 MHz MIPSII-compatible one core 32-bit system-on-a-chip (SoC) with 128 MiB of SDRAM, and a 1–2 GB solid state drive.
The Skytone Alpha-400 was designed with low cost and child-friendliness in mind, with some versions being sold for as little as $130 retail. There is an option to swap the standard theme with a children's theme. It also comes with applications geared toward children, and a Flash player to play animated children's songs. The Flash player is not built into the browser, so Flash-dependent sites such as YouTube will not work, but a standalone Flash player is available to run .swf files and can be used to play Flash based games and such.
Alternative names.
The Skytone Alpha is often marketed, sometimes in slightly altered form, under many different brand names.
A non-exhaustive list of variants:
Features.
The Skytone Alpha-400 uses a customized version of Linux, based on a 2.4.x kernel, with a user-friendly interface optimized for children.
The Linux desktop is implemented as Kiosk software, meaning that nothing the user can do can modify the available applications, and no new applications can be (easily) added or removed.
Browsing can be done through the use of the built in browser called "Bon Echo", an Alpha release of Mozilla Firefox 2, using the built-in 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet port, or the integrated 802.11 Wireless LAN, but the browser does not support Flash, meaning that Flash intensive tools, such as YouTube, cannot be used. However, recently Exon, the original design manufacturer of most of these devices, announced full support for YouTube and most Flash enabled websites.
The device sports three USB ports, a small but fully functioning keyboard, a touchpad, stereo speakers, and a 2 cell 2.1 Ah battery.
The Skytone Alpha's processor uses as little as 0.2 W of power, and does not have a heat sink, and thus no ventilation openings. Some versions have extra features like a VGA video port, or a USB On-The-Go port.
Available distributions.
So far, all distributions for this device use the 2.4.20-celf3 kernel. The kernel itself is not on the root file system itself, and gets loaded by u-boot.
Other similar devices by Exon/Skytone.
The successor of the device, the "Alpha 400P", comes with a 416 MHz XScale, fifth generation ARM architecture, SoC (likely a Marvell PXA27x), USB 2.0 and up to 256 MiB of DDR2 memory. Another similar device comes with the 248 MHz ARM SoC AK7802Q216, 64/128 MiB of DDR RAM and Windows CE 5.0.
Skytone announced another device called "Alpha 680" running Android that features a 533 MHz Jade Tech Z228 ARM CPU. The Alpha-680 has a rotatable touchscreen that can be turned and flipped over, so that the unit becomes a tablet computer.
Another similar machine produced by Exon, but not sold by Skytone, comes with an x86 legacy compatible 800 MHz DM&P PDX-600 SoC CPU and is thus able to run Windows XP.
It uses a XGI Volari Z9s GPU without 3D acceleration. As it is usually sold with Windows XP pre-installed, its default configuration has 512 MiB DDR2 SDRAM and 4/8 GB flash. It is also available with a built-in 0.3 Mpixel camera. This version was first presented at CES 2009.


Nikon Df

The Nikon Df is a full-frame F-mount DSLR FX format camera announced by Nikon on November 5, 2013. It uses dedicated mechanical controls similar to those used on mechanical 35mm film SLR camera and has an appearance similar to the Nikon FE and Nikon FM film cameras. Nikon's website states "Using its large, metallic mechanical dials, photographers will rediscover a more direct connection with their camera."
It has the same sensor overall score 89 of DxOMark with Nikon D4, the Nikon Df (at time of release) ranked first in a low-light test with 3279 ISO (Nikon D4 with 2965 ISO), but in practice the difference is small.
In a departure from the rest of Nikon's DSLR lineup, the Df does not record video, only still images; while most reviews were generally positive, this and other built-in limitations of the camera were seen as negatives. Also notable by their absence were built-in flash and a variety of automatic modes, though the backward lens compatibility extends to nearly the entirety of the Nikkor lineup since 1959.


Parodius! From Myth to Laughter

, released outside Japan as Parodius (from "Parody Gradius"), is a shoot 'em up arcade video game and the second title in the "Parodius" series produced by Konami. The European SNES version is also known as Parodius: Non-Sense Fantasy. The gameplay is stylistically very similar to the "Gradius" series, but the graphics and music are intentionally absurd.
As a result of its localised title, "From Myth to Laughter" is often mistaken as the original game of the series. The lesser known original game, "", was released for the MSX computer in Japan.
Gameplay.
As stated above, gameplay is very similar to the "Gradius" series with a few differences. "Parodius" retains the selectability of different weapons configurations but implements via four different characters: Vic Viper (from "Gradius"), Octopus, TwinBee, and Pentarou. The second main difference is the addition of bell power-ups, from the "TwinBee" series. These bells act as one-time power-ups, allowing the player to destroy every enemy on screen, fire huge beams of energy, etc. Enemies and environments from the "Gradius" games and "TwinBee" are mixed in along with a host of anime-style opponents, including scantily-clad women. All of the "Gradius" elements are integrated in a light-hearted fashion. The Big Core, a regular boss within the "Gradius" series, is given a neon look and is called "Viva Core". Moreover, there is a moai (Easter Island head statues) level, but all of the statues are given a much more animated look. The boss of that level, Yoshiko, fires other moai at the player by spitting them out of her mouth. The final boss, in typical "Gradius" fashion, is an unarmed enemy that once defeated results in a destruction/escape sequence.
Characters and weapons.
Vic Viper – Traditional Gradius configuration

The missile will fall to the ground, and then move along until it encounters an enemy. The Double mode will fire two blasts, one forward, and one incline forty-five degrees above. The Laser mode is a thin blue laser, identical from Gradius.
Octopus – "Salamander" configuration

This configuration is identical to the weapons presented in the Salamander arcade game. The missile is '2-way' that yields two bomb-like explosives that fall both up and down. The Double is the tail gun present in the second configuration. And the laser is the ripple laser, which fires expanding concentric circles at the front of the craft/person.
TwinBee (Colored as Winbee) – "TwinBee" configuration

This set is the weapons from the vertically scrolling "TwinBee", applied to horizontal gameplay. The missile is now the rocket punch, which has a larger impact area than the standard missile. The double is the same tail gun from the Octopus/Salamander configuration. The laser is a 3-way gun which fires shots the same size as the Double and standard weapons.
Pentarou – ' configuration

This set is almost identical to one of the power meter sets in "." The missile is the photon torpedo (spelled here "Poton") that fires one missile that travels along the bottom ground and penetrates multiple enemies. The Double mode will fire two blasts, one forward, and one incline forty-five degrees above. The laser mode is different from Gradius II; instead of a ripple laser analog it fires bullets that create small explosions upon impact.
Bosses.
Below is listing the bosses from the original version:
The platform-exclusive bosses include Penguin Conducter, Madam of Yotsuya Q, Viking Moai, Woon Botton, Crystal Golem, Marvelous Green Mantle, Great Gourmet King Manjiri Kun, Super DX Emperor Penguin, Tako Hyuuma, Penguin Bomb.
The NES version replaces Chichibinta Rika with Miss Mishitarina and Honey Mikayo does not appear within the game at all despite them appearing on the European NES cover.
Hot Lips, Pig Tide, Honey Mikayo, Iron Maiden MK III and Yoshiwara Dayuu not appears in this Mobile version.
Ports.
"Parodius" has been ported to a number of platforms, most notably the Super Famicom (released on the SNES in Europe) and the PC Engine. The game was also ported to the Family Computer (released on the NES in Europe) with several stages omitted but with a new amusement park stage as well as several hidden bonus stages. Most recently the game, along with several other "Gradius" titles, has been ported to Java-based cell phones in Japan.
The Game Boy version (which was also released in Europe) shows the ages of the playable characters, and only has 8 stages, which include stages 1–6, and 10 from the arcade game. Stage 3 was moved to Stage 4. The Game Boy version of stage 3 also has a hidden stage. This version was also re-released in color as part of the "Konami GB Collection Vol. 2".
There was also a Japan-exclusive port for the X68000.
The PC Engine version does not have the arcade Stages 5 and 8, but features a stage titled SPECIAL and a new introduction that features several strange-looking Japanese characters. This is in contrast to the arcade intro, which chronicles the "Gradius" legacy up until the time of release.
The SFC/SNES version added the bath house and "Omake" stages over the arcade version. In the "Omake" stage, the player immediately continues after dying, instead of at a checkpoint. The PAL version of the SNES port was titled "Parodius: Non-Sense Fantasy" and "Omake" was retitled "Lollipop".
The Mobile phone version titled was released in 2003 in Japan, and does not have the arcade Stage 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9.
"Parodius" was also ported along with its sequel "Fantastic Parodius - Pursue the Glory of the Past" on the compilation also simply titled "Gokujou Parodius Da! Deluxe Pack" in Japan and "Parodius" in Europe for PlayStation in 1994 and Sega Saturn in 1995 and in "Parodius Portable" for PlayStation Portable in 2007.
Reception.
In Japan, "Game Machine" listed "Parodius! From Myth to Laughter" on their June 1, 1990 issue as being the seventh most-successful table arcade unit of the month. It went on to be one of the top five highest-grossing arcade games of 1990 in Japan, where it also won the 1990 "Gamest" Awards for Best Production and Best Shooting Game. "Mean Machines" magazine gave the Super NES version a positive review, giving it a 93% score.


Total PC Gaming

Total PC Gaming was a monthly magazine published by "Imagine Publishing", launched in 2007 it ran until March 2010. The magazine featured videogame industry news, game reviews, hardware reviews, and sections dedicated to fans of "retro gaming" and "Massively multiplayer online game"s.
Staff.
The staff included editor Russell Barnes, who had been at the helm since issue 2, as well as Games Editor Ben Biggs, who wrote a blog on the magazine's website, Sam Bandah, who ran the Letters page and designer Andy Salter. Stuart Campbell regularly freelanced for TPCG and wrote the monthly "Why I hate PC gamers" column for issues 3-12. Freelancer David Crookes produced a monthly two-page interview with many big names and some old school PC content was also taken from past issues of Retro Gamer. Freelancer James Pikover produced monthly hardware reviews, as well as the 2008 holiday gift guide special.
Review scores.
"Total PC Gaming" scored games reviews out of ten, and only two have achieved a perfect score, "Fallout 3" and "Grand Theft Auto IV". The lowest score was 2, which is jointly held by "The Dark Legions" and "Soldier of Fortune: Payback".
Format change.
When the title was launched, one of the main selling points was that there were no extras attached to the magazine, thus keeping the price (£3.99) lower than the competitors, "PC Zone" and "PC Gamer", who both retailed at £5.99 and were sold in a sealed plastic bag that included a DVD that contained extra content. However, with the release of issue 11, Total PC Gaming had changed to match this format, and had raised the price to £5.49.
The end.
On 20 March 2010 a letter was sent out to the magazine's subscribers stating that issue 31 will be the final issue. No reason for the closure was provided. Imagine Publishing director Damian Butt told MCV: "Imagine Publishing can confirm that following a period of review it has decided to close Total PC Gaming magazine with immediate effect. All staff have moved onto other magazines within the company. The website www.TotalPCGaming.com will continue to run as part of the NowGamerNetwork. Issue 31 will be the last to be published.
"The support from our advertisers and readers has been fantastic and it's always a shame to close a magazine, especially one that is still profitable, but following the widespread delisting of PC games magazines from many magazine-selling outlets, we felt that the team deserved to be working on projects with greater future potential.
"We are currently deciding whether to continue to run a regular digital edition of the magazine on our popular global iPhone/iPad platform."


Address Book Server

Address Book Server dates back several years before the inclusion of the feature to share contacts in 10.6 Server. This product is based on Sync Services and synchronised contacts between network Macintosh computers, thus allowing the contacts to be present in the local Address Book in the same manner as any other contacts. The server has a friendly web interface which can be used to provide access to Windows / Linux or remote users.
This product is not to be confused with the Address Book Server included in Snow Leopard Server (10.6). Unlike Apple's offering this Address Book Server offers more features, such as a web interface and supports 10.4, 10.5, 10.6 and 10.7.
Address Book Server consists of two separate components. One server side package which requires installation on a dedicated server and a client components which installs a panel in System Preferences. Once installed the server will publish its presence on the local network using Bonjour and can be accessed via Safari bookmarks. The client requires some basic configuration. Once enabled you contacts and calendar events can be synchronised (published) to your server. Once published the records can be accessed via the server web interface. At this stage any other clients can also enabled to synchronise their own local records with the server.
The basic setup of Address Book Server consist of clients periodically synchronising with the server. During synchronisation any changes (or the entire data set) is fetched form the server, then via Sync Services compared with the local records present on the server. Any differences between the local records and those received form the server are sent back to the server to update the central database.
More details about Address Book Server are available on the website.
The project was abandoned in 2010 and is no longer undergoing development.


Fusion Bolt

Cherry Mobile Fusion Bolt is an Android-based tablet by Cherry Mobile, announced and released in March 2013. Its main features are 7" HD IPS Capacitive Touch Panel a WiFi connection and a Long Lasting 4000 mAH Battery. This is the first tablet of Cherry Mobile to run on Android Jelly Bean and a Quad Core Processor.
Features.
Fusion Bolt features an Android 4.1.1 Jelly Bean OS, and it has a multimedia features and integrated social networking, Including Google Voice Search, Google Play Services and more. The Device sports a 1Ghz. Quad Core Processor, 8GB Internal Memory + 1GB RAM and supports up to 32 GB of removable storage through a microSD card. It has a 2MP Camera for capture moments and a VGA Front Camera for Video Calling. And you can use this tablet like an powerbank using a USB-On The Go (USB-OTG).
Display.
Fusion Bolt uses a 7" High Definition Capacitive Touch Screen with a In-Plane-Switching or (IPS) technology.


The Institute (video game)

The Institute is a 1983 graphic adventure game released for the TRS-80, Commodore 64, and Atari 8-bit family by Screenplay.
Gameplay.
The user navigates their character through a graph of rooms by entering commands with the keyboard: "N", "W", "S", and "E" are used to move respectively north, west, south, and east; simple text commands to interact and investigate objects within the rooms such as "open door" are also used.
The game's protagonist is a mental patient trying to escape from the institute (hence the title). A good deal of the game takes place in drug-induced hallucinations, though in some versions the drug is a "strange powder" that sends you into "dreams."


Armada 2525

Armada 2525 is a 4X science fiction computer strategy game developed by Robert T. Smith and published by Interstel Corporation. It was released in North America in 1991 for $49.95. An updated version called Armada 2525 Deluxe was also released the following year which featured updated gameplay, graphics and improved multiplayer .
Gameplay.
"Armada 2525" is a "4X" (an abbreviation of "explore", "expand", "exploit", and "exterminate") strategy game. Players must explore the galaxy, expand their empire, exploit the various resources to be found, and exterminate their rivals. Gameplay ends depending one of 4 victory conditions set at the start of a gaming session.
The game takes place entirely in 2D with the main star map and battle sequences taking place on 2D planes. It is broken up into a single production phase for construction and research followed by 4 movement phases where the player can explore the galaxy and fight opposing empires. Combat occurs when a fleet arrives at a star with an opposing player with both sides able to issue limited commands before the start of automated combat. The actual combat scenario is determined whether there is an opposing fleet guarding the star or lacking that, if there are opposing planetary defenses.
Reception and legacy.
Computer Gaming World praised "Armada 2525" for its simplicity, diversity, and ease of play, stating the game allowed players to focus on "playing well" versus "understanding how to play". The game's AI was also touted as challenging enough for solo play. The magazine did however criticize the game's multiplayer feature as the save-mechanism was not conducive to play-by-email and the lack of modem support meant the only option was hotseat play. While it did call the game the closest in spirit to "Reach for the Stars" than any other space strategy game to date, the magazine also stated it was not the end-all substitute for it. It concluded that "Armada 2525" was a worthy addition to the strategic space genre for its fans. A 1994 survey of strategic space games set in the year 2000 and later gave the game three stars out of five, stating that it was "Both multi-layered and detailed".
Armada 2526 is touted as the successor of "Armada 2525".


Percom

Percom Data was an early microcomputer company formed in 1976 to sell peripherals into the emerging microcomputer market. They are best known for their floppy disk systems, first for S-100 machines, and the later for other platforms like the TRS-80 and the Atari 8-bit family. The company was purchased by Esprit Systems in 1984.
Origins.
Percom started after the meeting that produced the Kansas City standard for storing data on cassette tapes. The final version of the standard was written in February 1976, co-authored by Lee Felsenstein and Harold Mauch. Mauch published an article on the technical aspects of the standard in the next month's "Byte" magazine, entitled "Digital Data on Cassette Recorders".
Mauch and his wife Lucy started what was originally PerCom Data that same month, selling the "CIS-30" adaptor allowing any portable cassette player to be connected to the Motorola 6800-based micros from SWTPC. The CIS-30 was a success, and soon followed by similar devices for other platforms. Floppy disk drives followed, along with rapid growth. Percom incorporated (dropping the capital C in the name) in 1978.
In 1979 the company branched out into the TRS-80 market, starting with the "Percom Separator", and add-on device that corrected deficiencies in Radio Shack's own floppy disk interface. In 1980 they introduced the "Percom Doubler", the first double-density floppy disk for the TRS-80 platform. They later introduced "Electric Crayon", a color graphics system that communicated with the TRS-80 through the printer port and output to a separate composite monitor or color television. Floppy disks for the Atari 8-bit family were also introduced during this period. In 1981 they moved all operations to Dallas, Texas except technical services and repair which stayed in Garland, Texas.
After Mauch.
Harold Mauch's sudden death in August 1982 upset the company considerably. Focussing on business products, leaving the home compute field, the company started branching out into new product lines. "PerComNet" for the IBM PC was licensed by Western Digital and was sold under the name "PC-LAN".
In 1984, Esprit Systems purchased Percom and folded many of their product lines. Esprit made video terminal systems, which it continues to do to this day.


Amstrad CPC 464

The CPC 464 was the first personal home computer built by Amstrad in 1984. It was one of the bestselling and best produced microcomputers, with more than 2 million units sold in Europe. The British microcomputer boom had already peaked before Amstrad announced the CPC 464 (which stood for Colour Personal Computer) which they then released a mere 9 months later.
Amstrad was known for cheap hi-fi products but had not broken into the home computer market until the CPC 464. Their consumer electronic sales were starting to plateau and owner and founder Alan Sugar stated "We needed to move on and find another sector or product to bring us back to profit growth". Work started on the Amstrad home computer in 1983 with engineer Ivor Spital who concluded that Amstrad should enter the home computer market, offering a product that integrated low-cost hardware to be sold at an affordable "impulse-purchase price".
Spital wanted to offer a device that would not commandeer the family TV but instead be an all-in-one computer with its own monitor, thus freeing up the TV and allowing others to play video games at the same time.
Bill Poel, General Manager of Amsoft (Amstrad's software division), said during the launch press release that if the computers were not on the shelves by the end of June "I will be prepared to sit down and eat one in Trafalgar Square".
Technical specifications.
The CPC 464 was eventually powered by the Zilog Z80 processor after the original attempts to use the 6502 processor, being used in the Apple II amongst many other 8-bit computer families, failed. The Z80 ran at 4 MHz, had 64K of memory and ran AMSDOS, Amstrad's own OS. The unit included a built in tape drive and the choice of a colour or green monochrome monitor.
The CPC 464 had 3 standard display modes, each using colours chosen from a palette of 27.
Its sound was supplied using the General Instruments AY-3-8912 sound chip that provided 3-voice, 8-octave sound capacity through a built in loudspeaker with volume control. Later versions of the 464 had a headphone jack that could also be used for external speakers.
The CPC 464's code name during development was 'Arnold'.
Reception.
The 464 was popular with consumers for various reasons. Aside from the joystick port, the computer, keyboard, and tape deck were all combined into one unit that attached to the monitor via 2 cables. The monitor also contained the power supply unit which powered the whole unit via one wall plug. It did not have very many wires and was simple to install for even the most inexperienced user.


ICL 2904


Flappy

 is a puzzle game by dB-Soft in the same vein as the "Eggerland" series and "Sokoban" that is obscure outside Japan. It features Flappy, a somewhat mole-like character who must complete each level by pushing a blue stone from its starting place to the blue tile destination.
Flappy first appeared on the Sharp X1 home computer in 1983. This debut was soon followed by conversions to a number of popular Japanese computers in the early 1980s, including the NEC's line of PCs and the Fujitsu FM series. Ports for the MSX computer line and the Family Computer were released in 1985. dB-Soft produced a sequel with more difficult puzzles called "King Flappy" for the benefit of anyone who managed to clear the original 200 levels (or "sides" as the game calls them). A Nintendo Game Boy port was released exclusively in Japan in 1990 and was published by Victor Musical Industries.
Storyline.
The beautiful planet of Blue Star, home-planet to a young boy named FLAPPY, is invaded by Dark Emperor Ngalo-Ngolo. The proud inhabitants of Blue Star, wanting neither war nor the invasion, self-destruct along with the planet on a path of self-determination. FLAPPY, however, is boarded onto an escape capsule headed for neighboring Planet Seviras by his father and so survives. From his capsule he sees fragments of the exploded Blue Star rain down incessantly on Planet Seviras.
Wandering aimlessly about Planet Seviras, FLAPPY reaches an oasis where he suddenly hears a voice from the sky saying, 'Gather up the fragments of Blue Star, the Blue Stones, to this Blue Area. When all of them have been gathered...' FLAPPY, believing a miracle has just occurred, begins on a journey to gather all the Blue Stones.
Gameplay.
Gravity, gaps in the floors, and wandering enemies stand in the way of Flappy reaching his goal. Flappy can pick up and throw sleeping mushrooms at the enemies to knock them out for a while, or drop stones on them to crush them permanently. There are, however, many obstacles along the way: brick walls you must work your way around, brown stones which you can crush but which can also crush you if they fall on you, holes or dead angles in which the blue stone becomes irretrievable if it falls into them, and moving enemies. The game features just two enemies: Unicorns and Ebira. Unicorns are green creatures that move in mostly-repetitive horizontal patterns. Ebira are red crab-like enemies (the word "ebi" is a Japanese term for shellfish) that relentlessly chase Flappy both horizontally and vertically. Ebira tend to mimic Flappy's movements, so Flappy must be careful to avoid being charged by a persistent Ebira.
Legacy.
Clones.
"Floppy" and "Beyond Floppy" are clones for the Apple II.


LeJOS

leJOS is a firmware replacement for Lego Mindstorms programmable bricks. Different variants of the software support the original Robotics Invention System, the NXT, and the EV3. It includes a Java virtual machine, which allows Lego Mindstorms robots to be programmed in the Java programming language. It also includes 'iCommand.jar' which allows you to communicate via bluetooth with the original firmware of the Mindstorm. It is often used for teaching Java to first-year computer science students . The leJOS-based robot "Jitter" flew around on the International Space Station in December 2001.
Pronunciation.
According to the official website:
The name leJOS was conceived by José Solórzano, based on the
acronym for Java Operating System (JOS),
the name of another operating system for the RCX, legOS, and
the Spanish word "lejos."
History.
leJOS was originally conceived as TinyVM and developed by José Solórzano in late 1999. It started out as a hobby open source project, which he later forked into what is known today as leJOS. Many contributors joined the project and provided important enhancements. Among them, Brian Bagnall, Jürgen Stuber and Paul Andrews, who later took over the project as José essentially retired from it.
As of August 20, 2006, the original leJOS for the RCX has been discontinued with the 3.0 release. Soon afterwards, iCommand, a library to control the NXT from a Bluetooth-enabled computer via LCP, was released. This library made use of the standard Lego firmware. This library was later superseded by leJOS NXJ 0.8. In January 2007, a full port to the new Lego Mindstorms NXT was released as a firmware replacement. This is far faster (x15 or so) than the RCX version, has more memory available, a menu system, Bluetooth support using the Bluecove library, and allows access to many other NXT features.
In 2008, versions 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 were released. In addition to numerous improvements to the core classes, the Eclipse plugin was released along with a new version of the tutorial. In 2009, there were 2 more major releases: 0.8 and 0.85. In May 2011 0.9 was released. Broadly speaking, the releases have concentrated on improvements to navigation algorithms, as well as support for numerous 3rd party sensors and the Eclipse plug-in.
In 2013, development began on a port to the Lego Mindstorms EV3 brick. In 2014, the 0.5 and 0.6 alpha versions were released. In 2015, beta versions 0.9 and 0.9.1 were released.
Since November 2014 leJOS is used in a slightly adapted version also in the open-source project Open Roberta.
Architecture.
leJOS NXJ provides support for access to the robot's I²C ports. This allows access to the standard sensors and motors (ultrasonic distance sensor, touch sensor, sound sensor and light sensor). Other companies, such as MindSensors and HiTechnic have extended this basic set by providing advanced sensors, actuators and multiplexers. leJOS NXJ includes Java APIs for these products.
By taking advantage of the object-oriented structure of Java, the developers of LeJOS NXJ have been able to hide the implementation details of sensors and actuators behind multiple interfaces. This allows the robotics developer to work with high-level abstractions without having to worry about details like the hexadecimal addresses of hardware components. The project includes implementations of the commonly used feedback controller, the PID controller and the Kalman filter noise reduction algorithm. leJOS NXJ also provides libraries that support more abstract functions such as navigation, mapping and behavior based robotics.
Here is a simple leJOS program:
import lejos.nxt.Motor;
import lejos.nxt.Button;
public class Example {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 Motor.A.forward();
 Button.waitForPress();
 Motor.A.backward();
 Button.waitForPress();
 System.exit(1);
Community.
Since the first alpha release of leJOS NXJ in 2007, the project has had a consistently active following.
The core development team has been a relatively small group. Contributions are accepted from other members of the community. Several of the interfaces to third party sensors and actuators have been contributed by members outside the core team. The platform has been used in university robotics courses, undergraduate research projects and as a platform for robotics research.
NXJ and the Java platform.
As leJOS NXJ is a Java project, it builds on the wealth of functionality inherent in the Java platform. There are leJOS NXJ plugins for the two leading Java IDEs: Eclipse and NetBeans. Robotics developers can take advantage of the standard functionality of an IDE (code completion, refactoring and testing frameworks) as well as point-and-click implementation of NXJ functions: compiling, linking and uploading. A wealth of java open source projects (such as Apache Math) are likewise available to the NXJ robotics developer.


ILLIAC III

The ILLIAC III was a fine-grained SIMD pattern recognition computer built by the University of Illinois in 1966.
This ILLIAC's initial task was image processing of bubble chamber experiments used to detect nuclear particles. Later it was used on biological images.
The machine was destroyed in a fire, caused by a Variac shorting on one of the wooden-top benches, in 1968. It was rebuilt in the early 1970s, and the core parallel-processing element of the machine, the Pattern Articulation Unit, was successfully implemented. In spite of this and the productive exploration of other advanced concepts, such as multiple-radix arithmetic, the project was eventually abandoned.
Bruce H. McCormick was the leader of the project throughout its history.


Xiaomi Mi MIX 2S

Xiaomi Mi MIX 2S is an Android phablet manufactured by Xiaomi. Xiaomi unveiled a new version of the Mi MIX 2, the Mi MIX 2S, on . Powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 845, it features the same 1080p IPS LCD display found on the Mi MIX 2, a new dual 12 MP camera, Qi wireless charging, and is pre-loaded with Android 8.0 Oreo.
The Mi MIX 2S received a score of 97 on DxOMark.
Reception.
In August 2017, Mi MIX 2 was awarded the IDEA Gold Award for its design.
In reviews, the general feedback was favorable, with critics praising the more accessible elements of it over the original Mi MIX such as worldwide LTE bands, a lower price than the original Mi MIX, a smaller display and a traditional earpiece speaker to replace the piezoelectric speaker in the original Mi Mix.
However, users (especially in France) report that the phone has issues managing 4G/4G+ connections. While connected to the 4G network, the phone has issues in handling the handover between cells, which disconnects the internet and it needs several seconds for the connection to be restored (even though the phone indicates strong signal and connection). Web pages do not load, VoIP calls (Whatsapp and Viber, etc.) get disconnected. Issue was fixed by software update
Android 9.0 "Pie" was released for the Mi MIX 2S on .
Android 10.0 "Q" together with MIUI 11 will be released for the Mi MIX 2S by end of 2019.


List of TRS-80 games

This list contains video games created for the monochrome TRS-80 computers.


HAProxy

HAProxy is free, open source software that provides a high availability load balancer and proxy server for TCP and HTTP-based applications that spreads requests across multiple servers. It is written in C and has a reputation for being fast and efficient (in terms of processor and memory usage).
HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub, Bitbucket, Stack Overflow, Reddit, Slack, Speedtest.net, Tumblr, Twitter and Tuenti and is used in the OpsWorks product from Amazon Web Services.
History.
HAProxy was written in 2000 by Willy Tarreau, a core contributor to the Linux kernel, who still maintains the project.
In 2013, the company HAProxy Technologies, LLC was created to continue developing the software in addition to contributions from the open-source community. The company provides a commercial offering, HAProxy Enterprise and appliance-based application-delivery controllers named ALOHA. The company provides technical support and additional modules that extend the functionality of HAProxy.
Features.
HAProxy has the following features:
HAProxy Community vs HAProxy Enterprise.
HAProxy Enterprise Edition is an enterprise-class version of HAProxy that includes enterprise suite of add-ons, expert support, and professional services. At its core, it incorporates feature backports from the HAProxy development branch for customers who require immediate access to the latest functionality in a hardened version of code.
ALOHA.
HAProxy Technologies’ ALOHA is a plug-and-play load-balancing appliance that can be deployed in any environment. ALOHA provides a graphical interface and a templating system that can be used to deploy and configure the appliance. Its main intention is to be a direct competitor to hardware load balancing boxes/appliances to companies that still provide separate appliance load balancers, such as F5 Networks.
Versions.
HAProxy has had the following version releases:
Performance.
Servers equipped with 6 to 8 cores generally achieve between 200000 and 500000 requests per second, and have no trouble saturating a 25 Gbit/sec connection under Linux. 64-core ARM servers were shown to reach 2 million requests per second and 100 Gbps.


Electronic Associates

Electronic Associates, Inc. (EAI) was founded in 1945 by Lloyd F. Christianson and Arthur L. Adamson and began manufacturing analog computers in 1952.
Their systems were used by NASA to develop space probes and simulate physical systems.
As digital technology matured, they began production of hybrid digital/analog systems, such as the EAI680 with 156 amplifiers, diode function generators and servo-controlled potentiometers to control input parameters.
Under the direction of Robert E. Finnigan, the company developed the first quadrupole gas chromatography–mass spectrometry devices and sold over 500 devices between 1965 and 1966, which accounted for most of the firm's profit.
Other notable employees include Hans Witsenhausen and board member Everard Mott Williams.


Hyperion Entertainment

Hyperion Entertainment CVBA (formerly Hyperion Entertainment VOF) is a Belgian software company which in its early years focused in porting Windows games to Amiga OS, Linux, and Mac OS. In 2001, they accepted a contract by Amiga Incorporated to develop AmigaOS 4 and mainly discontinued their porting business to pursue this development. AmigaOS 4 runs on the AmigaOne systems, Commodore Amiga systems with a Phase5 PowerUP accelerator board, Pegasos II systems and Sam440/Sam460 systems.
History.
Hyperion Entertainment was founded in April 1999 with Ben Hermans and Evert Carton in charge. In their own words, "After Belgian lawyer Benjamin Hermans wondered why no one had ever tried to license PC games to do Amiga ports." Hyperion does not maintain programmer staff but sub-contracts software programmers for projects as necessary. Hans-Joerg Frieden, who had previously worked on ports of the games "Descent" and "Abuse" as well as the Warp3D library, was contracted to be Hyperion's main developer. For the next few years, Hyperion would port several game titles to the Amiga and later Linux and the Macintosh, starting with Amiga port of Heretic II in 2000.
Game development.
The port of Heretic II was generally well received by the Amiga press, but had weak sales. Following this, Hyperion set out to target a broader range of platforms: Amiga, Linux, and Mac OS. Later in 2000, Hyperion completed the Linux version of SiN. The Amiga port has been postponed due to hardware requirements and ultimately not released. They also approached Monolith Productions to port their Lithtech engine, culminating in their port of ' for Amiga, Linux, and Mac OS in 2001. The game had not sold as well as had been hoped, most notably on Linux, despite becoming a best seller on Tux Games. Hyperion stated that Linux users were likely to dual boot with Windows to play easily available games rather than purchase more expensive specialised versions years after release. In early 2002 Hyperion introduced the Amiga port of '. An improved version for AmigaOS 4 followed in 2010. After id Software released source code, Hyperion marketed later in 2002 a commercial Amiga port of "Quake II". A Linux port of "Gorky 17" was developed by Hyperion and published by Linux Game Publishing in 2006, while a version for AmigaOS 4 was released nearly a decade later in 2015.
During work on the Heretic II port, Hyperion Entertainment developers created an OpenGL subset called MiniGL which sits on top of Warp3D to ease porting of 3D games. The MiniGL library was released for free use to other software developers.
AmigaOS 4.
In 2001 Hyperion announced that, after licensing the rights from Amiga, Inc, it would be working on the long-awaited successor to AmigaOS 3.9, and to this end concentrated most of its effort on the development of AmigaOS 4. Hyperion claimed and still claim that it is based upon AmigaOS 3.1 source code, and to a lesser extent certain AmigaOS 3.9 sources. A quick port of 68k AmigaOS to PowerPC was originally planned, with new features added as development continued. Ben Hermans, writing on Amiga forum Ann.lu, claimed that these sources, along with the source of the PPC kernel WarpOS would be sufficient to provide a version to users within a year, making his now-infamous "change some flags and recompile" comment.
AmigaOS 4.0 was first released to end-users and second level betatesters in April 2004, with AmigaOS 4.1 following in September 2008. It is currently still in development.
In 2004, Hyperion attempted to obtain a licence for an AmigaOS 4 native port of the file manager Directory Opus, which had originally and been developed on the Amiga, but for which development had since moved to the Microsoft Windows platform. However talks between Hyperion and GP Software broke down.
The first managing partner of Hyperion, Benjamin Hermans, in the period between announcement and release of AmigaOS 4, ignited a great deal of community controversy by repeatedly claiming that MorphOS, an AmigaOS-like competitor (which had been released in complete form in 2003), was illegal, and had on several occasions threatened to take legal action against it either on the grounds that it was parasitic competition to AmigaOS 4, or even that it was actually based on stolen AmigaOS source code. No evidence to support either claim ever became public, neither did any legal action against MorphOS take place, although neither prevented such views being repeated commonly in public Amiga forums and mailing lists and even accepted as fact by some. This situation was inflamed by ex-Commodore engineer Dave Haynie, who backed up Herman's claims: "If you have seen the Amiga source code, you cannot produce a legally separate work-alike", though again without any direct evidence.
The dispute did not enter the courts, but in the forums the argument was bitter. Hermans claimed that Bill Buck, who lead the Genesi company funding MorphOS, was a "con-artist".
Evert Carton took over the managing partner position after Hermans stepped down in 2003, due to lack of time for daily administrative work. Timothy de Groote became another partner in 2003.
Dispute and settlement with Amiga, Inc..
In 2007, Hyperion was sued by Amiga Incorporated for trademark infringement in the Washington Western District Court in Seattle, Washington. Amiga, Inc. sued Hyperion for breach of contract, trademark violation and copyright infringement concerning the development and marketing of AmigaOS 4.0, stating that Hyperion had continued to develop and market AmigaOS 4 without paying agreed royalties and had continued to do so even after being warned to cease and desist.
Hyperion launched a counter action, claiming fraud in the Amiga, Inc. handling of Amiga intellectual properties and debts, including the use of debt-holding shell companies, by shifting responsibility between these shell companies. They also claimed that Amiga, Inc. had failed to uphold their part of the contract and had been untruthful in correspondence; and that they had failed to deliver the AmigaOS 3.1 source that AmigaOS 4 was developed from, forcing Hyperion to find it elsewhere. In spite of that ongoing legal dispute, in autumn 2007, Hyperion released a standalone version of AmigaOS 4 for classic Amiga, an action Amiga, Inc. claimed as illegal.
On 29 May 2007, the new managing partner stated under oath - without further evidence - that the open-source AmigaOS reimplementation AROS was "probably illegal", as documented on page 27 of court documents related to the Amiga-Hyperion court case.
On 30 September 2009, Hyperion and Amiga, Inc reached a settlement. Hyperion was granted an exclusive license to develop and market AmigaOS 4 and subsequent versions with the name AmigaOS. However, the "Amiga" trademark remained with Amiga, Inc. and was then also licensed to other parties, including Commodore USA and iContain. This meant that "Amiga" branded hardware could and would be sold without AmigaOS 4.
In 2009, Hyperion changed its legal status from a business partnership (VOF) to a company with limited liability (CVBA).
On 24 April 2011, Evert Carton announced he was stepping down as the managing partner of Hyperion. In charge of the company were then Ben Hermans and Timothy de Groote.
Insolvency Declaration of 2015.
On 27 January 2015, Hyperion Entertainment was declared insolvent. Ben Hermans has claimed that this was an administrative mistake by a third party and that the company would appeal the insolvency decision. The declaration was overturned on 2 April 2015 and the company posted a clarification on its website.
Recent events.
AmigaOS 4 developer and Aminet administrator Costel Mincea joined Hyperion in mid 2015 as a third director. Hyperion reported in January 2017 that Hermans has resigned as a director, in charge of the company remained Timothy De Groote and Costel Mincea. In October 2017 Hyperion was removed from Belgium's official company register due to not filling annual reports for the last three years. Hyperion remedied this by supplying required reports to the National Bank of Belgium. In July 2020 Amiga-news.de reported Costel Mincea resigned from his post at Hyperion and remaining director Timothy de Groote was in a legal dispute with former Hyperion's managing partner Ben Hermans. In February 2021 Timothy de Groote was no longer director of Hyperion and Ben Hermans assumed full control of the company.
Games.
Hyperion's game ports include these: "Heretic II", ', "Gorky 17", "Quake II", "SiN" and '. Hyperion also announced that it acquired the license to port "Worms Armageddon" and "Soldier of Fortune", but these were not released.


Bruno Bonnell

Bruno Bonnell (born 6 October 1958) is a French businessman and politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017. He is co-founder of Infogrames Entertainment SA.
Career in the private sector.
Bonnell began his career on the Thomson TO7, one of the earliest French-produced home computers, before founding Infogrames in June 1983. He founded this company at age 25 with Christophe Sapet and Thomas Schmider.
Bonnell was chairman and chief creative officer of the company from 1983 to 5 April 2007. He was also chief executive officer; a position he held from 1983 until a stockholder vote in 2003 showed a lack of confidence in his management of the company’s debts. He stepped down as CEO of Atari (while retaining his other two positions in IESA) in 2004 to be replaced by James Caparro, although he took up the position again on a temporary basis when Caparro resigned in June 2005. On 5 September 2006, David Pierce was appointed as new CEO of Atari.
In 1995, Bonnell was elected president of the Syndicat des Editeurs de Logiciels de Loisirs (SELL), a French game developer association. He worked together with French broadcaster Canal Plus to create the television channel Game One, which was specifically aimed at a gaming audience. Intended as a European channel, Game One broadcast in the French language.
Bonnell spearheaded takeovers of many smaller (and a few larger) development studios over the 1980s and 1990s, most notably British development house Ocean Software and Atari, as well as GT Interactive, Accolade, Gremlin Graphics and Hasbro Interactive. These companies were integrated into the Infogrames infrastructure. Their brand names were abandoned, with the exception of Atari, which Bonnell felt had value. For this reason Infogrames began using the Atari brand on games published around Christmas 2001 and renamed itself to Atari, Inc. in the US in 2003. Beyond his involvement in Infogrames & Atari, Bonnell is also a shareholder in Lyon's soccer team; the Olympique Lyonnais.
On 5 April 2007, Bonnell resigned from his positions at Atari and Infogrames. On the day of the announcement of his departure IESA's shares jumped 24%. In June 2008, he joined zSlide, a company based near Paris. As of 2013 he was working for Robopolis, a Lyon-based robot distributor.
On 31 May 2012, Bonnell was elected as President of the EMLyon Business School Board. EMLyon is a business school in Lyon, created in 1872.
In 2015, Bonnell served as the host and judge of "The Apprentice : Qui décrochera le job ?", the French version of the global reality television franchise "The Apprentice". Only two episodes of the show were aired, due to low ratings, although the entire season was streamed on demand. The show's producers did not blame Bonnell for the show's failure but rather an overall failure of the concept, though they admitted that the show would have done better if Bonnell were better-known.
Political career.
On 11 May 2017, Bonnnell was nominated by En Marche! to contest Rhône's 6th constituency, against minister Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, in the legislative elections.
In parliament, Bonnnell serves on the Committee on Economic Affairs. In addition to his committee assignments, he is a member of the French-Azerbaijani Parliamentary Friendship Group and the French-Ukrainian Parliamentary Friendship Group.
When Richard Ferrand was elected president of the National Assembly in 2018, Bonnell initially considered to run as a candidate to succeed him as chairman of the LREM parliamentary group but later endorsed Gilles Le Gendre instead.
Political positions.
In July 2019, Bonnell voted in favor of the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.


Nikon D80

The Nikon D80 is a digital single-lens reflex camera model announced by Nikon on August 9, 2006. The camera shipped the first week of September to US retailers. Considered by many to be a hybrid of design elements of the entry-level D50 and high-end D200 cameras, it occupied the same price bracket the Nikon D70 did at the time of its release. It was replaced by the Nikon D90 in August 2008.
Features.
The Nikon D80 also inherits some of the D200's features such as the 10.2 MP image sensor, albeit with slower data throughput than the D200. The D80 is the second Nikon DSLR to use the SD card (the D50 being the first), rather than the CF card storage used in the D70, D70s and D200 and higher-end models. The higher storage capacity SDHC standard is also supported.
Firmware.
The last firmware set was released September 24 2008. v1.11 is the last version number for the A and B firmware. As of August 2018, it is available on the Nikon support site. The last firmware release coincides with the release of the D90, the replacement of the D80.


PC Player (British magazine)

PC Player was a short lived PC videogaming magazine published in the UK by Maverick Magazines. Launched in December 1993 with John Davison as editor, "PC Player" devoted the majority of its pages covering simulation, adventure and strategy games and often featured games over six page spreads. Reviews featured a five star rating system and an independent expert from other magazines gave additional comments on the bigger reviews. Other more action orientated games were given smaller coverage in a dedicated round up section. Content wise, the magazine featured news, articles, reviews, previews, tips and columns on all things gaming. Hugh Gollner, publisher and owner of Maverick Magazines, granted Out-of-Print Archive permission to release digital versions of the magazine.