Alfred Salter

Alfred Salter (16 June 1873 – 24 August 1945) was a British medical practitioner and Labour Party politician.
Early life.
Salter was born in Greenwich in 1873, the son of Walter Hookway Salter and Elizabeth Tester. Following education at The John Roan School, Greenwich, he went on to study medicine at Guy's Hospital, London. He qualified in 1896 and in the following year was awarded the Golding-Bird gold medal and scholarship in public health, and the Gull research scholarship in pathology. He was made house physician and resident obstetric physician at Guy's and was appointed as bacteriologist to the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine.
In 1898 he became a resident at the Methodist Settlement in Bermondsey, an area of south-east London alongside the River Thames, then an area with widespread poverty. The major source of employment in the area during the 20th century until the 1970s was the Port of London. Until the docks were nationalised after World War II, most of the men working in the docks were employed on a contingent daily basis; the casual nature of this work made it difficult to make a decent living, and Bermondsey was an area of great poverty While at the Settlement, which had been established by Rev. John Scott Lidgett, Salter set up mutual health insurance schemes and adult education classes on health matters. In 1900 he married Ada Brown, who shared his political and social views.
In the year of his marriage he established his medical practice in Bermondsey, and the couple worked together in trying to alleviate the effects of poverty in the largely working class area. He chose to offer services free to those who could not pay. This work was to lead the establishment of a pioneering comprehensive health service in the area. (See the background to the formation of the NHS.)
Politics.
Salter decided that by entering politics he could effect changes to the squalid environment in Bermondsey far more quickly and profoundly than he could outside the political arena. He was elected to Bermondsey Borough Council in 1903, and was also a member of the local board of guardians. In March 1906 he was elected to fill a vacancy on the London County Council, representing the seat of Southwark, Bermondsey as a member of the Progressive Party following the election of the sitting councillor, George Cooper, as the area's member of parliament. He was re-elected to the LCC in 1907.
In October 1909 George Cooper MP died. Cooper had been elected as a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP), and although Salter had succeeded him on the county council, he had since become aligned with the Independent Labour Party (ILP). On 8 October, Alfred Salter was officially announced as the party's candidate at the by-election. The poll was held on 28 October, and Salter received 1,435 votes, finishing third of the three candidates. Crucially, his intervention probably led to the loss of the seat by the Liberals, with the Conservative candidate John Dumphreys securing a majority of 987 votes.
In March 1910 the triennial election of the London County Council was held. Salter was chosen to defend the Bermondsey seat as a Labour candidate against both the Progressives and the Conservative-backed Municipal Reform Party. He was heavily defeated, coming at the bottom of the poll of five candidates. He contested the same seat in 1913, but was again unsuccessful.
All elections were postponed for the duration of the First World War. When a general election was called in December 1918, the parliamentary constituencies were revised under the Representation of the People Act 1918. Salter was selected as Labour Party candidate for the new Bermondsey West seat, and was described in the following terms by "The Times":
"Dr Salter, the Labour candidate, is one of the highly educated idealists who are to be found in the ranks of that party. After a brilliant academic career, he decided to devote himself to work among the poor in Bermondsey, and there he has laboured for many years both as a doctor professionally and as a member of local administrative bodies. Personally, nobody has a word to say against him, but his views are of a very extreme kind. His attitude during the war was that of a pacifist, though he would not, it is said, admit the accuracy of this popular term."
The new constituency was won by the Liberal candidate Harold Glanville, who had been the sitting MP for Bermondsey.
In 1919 municipal elections resumed. In March both Alfred and his wife Ada were Labour Party candidates in the London County Council elections, standing in the neighbouring electoral divisions of Bermondsey West and Rotherhithe. Neither was elected. In November Ada was elected to Bermondsey Borough Council. She held the seat in 1922, and in the same year was elected as the first female mayor of the borough.
Member of Parliament.
In the 1922 general election he was again nominated as Labour candidate for Bermondsey West. Salter secured 7,550 votes, a majority of 2,325. He was helped to victory by there being three opposing candidates, with the Anti-labour vote split between Liberal, National Liberal and Independent Unionist opponents. His wife, as mayor of the borough, was the returning officer who declared him elected. A further general election was held in 1923, and Salter lost the seat in a straight fight to the Rev. Roderick Kedward, the Liberal candidate, in spite of increasing his vote to 8,298. Political instability led to another election in October 1924. Salter was able to overturn the result of the previous year, increasing his vote to 11,578 and unseating Kedward with a majority of 2,902. He was re-elected in the general elections of 1929, 1931, and 1935, but stood down at the 1945 election, when he was in very poor health, and died soon afterwards, aged 72.
Personal beliefs.
According to Fenner Brockway, the anti-war activist, Salter in his youth was known as the "Settlement firebrand – militant
Republican, militant Socialist, militant Agnostic, militant Teetotaller, militant Pacifist."
Alfred Salter was a committed Christian and pacifist, a Quaker from 1900 onwards, and later an active member of the Peace Pledge Union. He was one of the founders of the Socialist Medical Association and a friend of its President Somerville Hastings, with whom he made a trip to the Soviet Union in 1931. In 1936 he advocated the creation of a new League of Nations to which the possessions of the British Empire should be transferred. Salter believed
appeasement could avert war with Germany, stating in November 1938 that "the average German will withdraw his backing from Hitler if we show willingness to be just". The failure of appeasement and outbreak of World War II left Salter deeply depressed. Despite his constituency being heavily bombed by the "Luftwaffe" during the Blitz, he opposed the strategic bombing by the Royal Air Force Bomber Command on moral grounds, one of the few Parliamentarians to do so, along with fellow Labour MP Richard Stokes and Bishop George Bell in the House of Lords,
Salter was a strong advocate of Guild Socialism and of associationalism. He was also a strong supporter of the Temperance Movement, i.e. abstaining from alcohol, and caused controversy when he spoke out against widespread drunkenness in the House of Commons. He supported free speech, and resigned from the Bermondsey Borough Labour Party and the local trades council when they organised a counter-demonstration to prevent the British Union of Fascists from holding a march in the borough. (See the 1936 Battle of Cable Street for context.) He accused the trades council of being "Communist in sympathy and Fascist in methods".
Memorials to Alfred and Ada Salter.
The Alfred Salter Primary School was opened in 1995 to meet the growing demand for school places in Rotherhithe, due to the redevelopment of the old Surrey Docks.
The Ada Salter Garden is in Southwark Park within the Old Surrey Docks area.
The Alfred Salter Bridge is a footbridge leading off Watermans Lane, between Stave Hill and Redriff Road, near Greenland Dock as part of the Russia Dock Woodland.
The statue of Dr Salter seated on a bench, shown above, was stolen, presumably for the value of its bronze, in November 2011. The Salter Statues Campaign group raised £60,000, which Southwark Council matched, to pay for replacement statues, and these were unveiled on 30 November 2014.
A Salter Memorial Lecture is promoted by the Quaker Socialist Society each year as a fringe event at the Britain Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).


Edward Hulme

Edward Hulme (18 May 1812 – 27 December 1876) was a New Zealand surgeon and the administrator of one of New Zealand's oldest and largest hospitals during a period of rapid growth.
Born in Hythe, Kent, in England on 18 May 1812, Hulme was the son of a captain in the Royal Staff Corps. At age 16, Hulme became an apprentice to Sir Charles Bell at Middlesex Hospital. By 1839, he had receive his degree in medicine from the University of St. Andrews and was a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Hulme established a practice in Exeter. He later traveled to Paris to study mental health at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital and to Dublin to study midwifery at the Rotunda Hospital.
Hulme emigrated to New Zealand in 1856 with expectation of leaving medicine and becoming part of the landed gentry. However, the next year he accepted the position of provincial surgeon and then later health officer for Otago. Hulme assumed responsibility for the Dunedin Public Hospital and mental health facility.
With the onset of the Otago Gold Rush in 1861, thousands of miners flooded into the region, overwhelming the local health care system. Hulme fought many battles with provincial officials to upgrade the general hospital and to build a separate mental hospital. Hulme was described as being short tempered, abrupt and having a poor relationship with patients.
Hulme was elected in 1866 as a fellow in the Royal College of Surgeons. He died suddenly on 27 December 1876 in Dunedin, New Zealand.


Harry Demopoulos

Harry B. Demopoulos is a researcher in the medical aspects of free radicals, especially in the areas of ischaemic injury, the toxicity of anticancer drugs, and in spinal cord injury. He has also been a film actor and is currently a member of the Board of Trustees of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation.
Free radical research.
Ischaemic injury (injury to cells due to oxygen deprivation) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. For example, most deaths in stroke and heart attack are secondary to ischaemic injury, a consequence of the ischemic cascade. Thus, much research has been done into the causes and treatment of ischaemic injury. One are of this research involves the essential role of free radicals (reactive oxygen species and the like) as modulators of ischaemic injury. This has resulted in therapeutic advances, such as the radical-scavenging neuroprotective agent NXY-059, which was under development for the treatment of stroke.
Demopoulos and his coworkers were active in this research. The opening sentence of a paper by Nita "et al". states: "The concept of generation of free radicals during ischemia was first presented by Demopoulos, Flamm and co-workers..."
Doris Duke estate.
Harry Demopoulos is a trustee of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, founded upon the death of the billionaire tobacco heiress. When Duke died in 1993 at the age of 80, legal documents revealed she had previously assigned Demopoulos – a longtime friend – co-executor of her estate. However, a controversial change to her will near her death put her vast fortune in the control of her Irish-born butler, Bernard Lafferty, whom Demopoulos described in a subsequent lawsuit as "an illiterate, unstable and even dangerous person." The litigants produced an affidavit from Tammy Payette, 28, a nurse who had attended to Duke in her final weeks. Payette maintained that Kivowitz (one of Duke's doctors) and Lafferty had conspired to murder Duke through the use of "massive sedation, including morphine and Demerol." This lawsuit resulted in Lafferty being discharged.


Autism Science Foundation

The Autism Science Foundation (ASF) is a non-profit organization that supports research into autism. The organization was founded in April 2009 by Alison Tepper Singer, a former senior executive of Autism Speaks and a member of the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC), and Karen Margulis London, co-founder of the National Alliance for Autism Research. Both Singer and London are parents of autistic children.
Formation.
Autism Science Foundation was created as a split from Autism Speaks, which assigned a high priority to investigating the debunked claim that vaccination is associated with autism risk, and this high priority had raised concerns among parents and researchers.
Alison Singer, a senior executive of Autism Speaks, resigned in January 2009 rather than vote for committing money to new research studies into vaccination and autism. The U.S. Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee, of which Singer was a member, voted against committing the research funds; this was contrary to the Autism Speaks policy on vaccine safety research. Singer said:
She said that numerous scientific studies have disproved the link first suggested more than a decade ago and that Autism Speaks needs to "move on." Later that year, along with NAAR's cofounder Karen London, Singer launched the ASF as a nonprofit organization supporting autism research premised on the principles that autism has a strong genetic component, that vaccines do not cause autism, and that early diagnosis and intervention are critical.
Eric London resigned from Autism Speaks' Scientific Affairs Committee in June 2009, saying that arguments that "there might be rare cases of 'biologically-plausible' vaccine involvement ... are misleading and disingenuous", and that Autism Speaks was "adversely impacting" autism research. London is a founding member of the ASF's Scientific Advisory Board.
On January 5, 2011, Brian Deer published the first part of his British Medical Journal series on Andrew Wakefield's "elaborate fraud" which started the dubious MMR vaccine controversy. On January 7, 2011, Alison Singer was interviewed by Kiran Chetry on CNN's American Morning. Singer discussed the repercussions of Deer's report, stating, "...we can finally put the question of autism and vaccines behind us."
Activities.
ASF has been a sponsor of the "International Meeting for Autism Research" (IMFAR) since 2009, and has interviewed a number of researchers at the event. ASF offers travel grants to IMFAR, which are given to individuals and family members affected by autism to attend the conference.
The ASF also funds pre- and postdoctoral researchers.
In 2019, Alison Singer, the president of the ASF, announced that she had joined the National Council on Severe Autism.
Funding.
Vaccinologist Dr. Paul Offit, a founding board member of the Autism Science Foundation, donates all royalties from his most recent book "Deadly Choices" to the ASF. The Autism Science Foundation also receives royalties from paperback sales of Dr. Paul Offit's previous book, Autism's False Prophets.
Awards.
GuideStar named the Autism Science Foundation a top nonprofit startup in disabilities category in 2011, calling it "a shining star to those interested in real science and evidence based interventions".
Scientific advisory board.
The Autism Science Foundation has ten scientific advisory board members, including Ami Klin and Harold S. Koplewicz.


Maurice Klippel

Maurice Klippel (30 May 1858 – 20 July 1942) was a French physician, for whom the conditions Klippel–Feil syndrome and Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome are named.
He was born in Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin and studied medicine in Paris, earning his doctorate in 1889. In 1902, he became director of a department of general medicine at the Hôpital Tenon, where he remained until his retirement in 1924.
He published articles on a wide array of medical topics, his best known written works being in the fields of neurology and psychiatry. His treatises on cerebral syphilis, tumors and abscesses were published in Brouardel and Gilbert's "Traité de médecine" (1901).


List of medical schools in Ireland

There are seven medical schools in Ireland from which students can obtain a medical degree, including six schools in the Republic of Ireland and one school in Northern Ireland. Medical schools in the Republic of Ireland are accredited by the Medical Council of Ireland, while Northern Ireland is regulated by the General Medical Council. All schools except University of Limerick Medical School offer undergraduate courses in medicine.


Harold F. Dvorak

Harold Fisher Dvorak is an American pathologist and vascular researcher. He is the founding Director of the Center for Vascular Biology Research at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Mallinckrodt Distinguished Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School. Dvorak is best known for his discovery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), for which he received the Canada Gairdner International Award of 2014.
He graduated from Princeton University and Harvard Medical School.


Maple bark disease


Rena Bizios

Rena Bizios is an American bioengineer currently the Peter Flawn Professor at University of Texas at San Antonio and an Elected Fellow of the National Academy of Medicine. Her current interests are cellular and tissue engineering, biocompability and tissue-biomaterial relationships.
Early life and education.
Bizios is a graduate of the University of Massachusetts Amherst (bachelor in chemical engineering), California Institute of Technology (masters in chemical engineering) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Ph.D. in biomedical engineering).


Charles Brainerd

Charles Jon Brainerd (born 1944) is an American psychologist and professor in the College of Human Ecology at Cornell University. He is known for developing fuzzy-trace theory with his wife and colleague, Valerie F. Reyna. He serves as editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed scientific journal "Developmental Review".
Education and career.
Brainerd was educated at Michigan State University. His first academic appointment was as an assistant professor at the University of Windsor from 1970 to 1971. He served on the faculty of the University of Alberta from 1971, initially as an assistant professor, before being promoted to associate professor there in 1973. 1976 to 1983, he was a professor at the University of Western Ontario. In 1983, he returned to the University of Alberta to become the Henry Marshall Tory Professor and Director Center for Research in Child Development there. He was a professor of educational psychology at the University of Arizona from 1987 to 1997, and taught Special Education, Rehabilitation, and School Psychology there from 1997 to 2004. After a one-year stint teaching psychology at the University of Texas, he joined the faculty of Cornell in 2005.
Honors and awards.
Brainerd is a member of the National Academy of Education, as well as a Fellow of the American Psychological Association's Division of General Psychology, Division of Experimental Psychology, Division of Developmental Psychology, and Division of Educational Psychology. He is also a Fellow of the American Psychological Society and the Psychonomic Society. He has received the Spirit of Excellence Award from the Governor of Arizona.


Kynect

kynect, formerly and also called the Kentucky Health Benefit Exchange, is the health insurance marketplace, previously known as health insurance exchange, in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky, created by then-Governor Steve Beshear in accordance with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Steve Beshear's successor as governor, Matt Bevin, ended Kynect enrollment for individuals as of 2017. From 2017-2020, the marketplace operated a web site for small business owners. Bevin's successor, Andy Beshear, announced on June 17, 2020 that Kentucky will reestablish a state health insurance marketplace similar to kynect, with full implementation by January 1, 2022. Kynect was officially relaunched on October 5, 2020 with full implementation expected by January 2022.
Purpose.
The marketplace was offered to individuals and families who are not covered by their employer, allowing enrollees to compare health insurance plans and provides those who qualify with access to tax credits. Enrollment started on October 1, 2013 and the first enrollment period ended March 31, 2014.
Enrollment.
137,000 individuals were reported using the website on the first four days of operation. "The New York Times" reported that Kentucky was "far ahead of most in signing up people" at the end of October, the first month of enrollment. By April 15, 2014, over 410,000 Kentuckians had signed up for health care plans through kynect.
Relaunch.
Kynect was officially relaunched on October 5, 2020. At that time, the website allows residents to apply for programs available on the former Kentucky Benefind website, which was launched after the original kynect website was deactivated in 2017 and itself was deactivated and linked to the new kynect after its relaunch. These services include enrollment in Medicaid, the Kentucky Children’s Health Insurance Program (KCHIP) and the Kentucky Integrated Health Insurance Premium Payment program. In addition, qualified families can now also access SNAP food assistance benefits along with other family and childcare assistance programs. Kynect, like Benefind, will link to the federally run health insurance marketplace (healthcare.gov) until open enrollment in 2021. At that time, the state anticipates returning to a state run health insurance marketplace through kynect in time for policies to take effect in January 2022.


Herbert Schilder

Herbert Schilder (8 September 1928 in Brooklyn, New York – 25 January 2006 in Newton, Massachusetts) was a dental surgeon. Schilder is best known for the improvements he made to root canal therapies (endodontic therapy) in the 1960s, when he taught at the Boston University School of Dental Medicine.
Herbert Schilder received his D.D.S. from New York University, and taught at Tufts University and Temple University prior to permanently joining Boston University in 1958. In his early years after joining Boston University, he founded the specialty program in endodontics to train dentists to become endodontists. He also developed a new technique to fill root canals after disinfection, now known as "Schilder's warm gutta-percha vertical compaction technique." This technique is now widely used by most endodontic programs.
He was president of the American Association of Endodontists and of the Massachusetts Dental Society. He was also the first vice president of the American Dental Association.
Dr. Schilder was a very influential scholar and educator in endodontics. His level of popularity in the field led to the use of his name in the movie "Finding Nemo", in which the "Schilder technique" was mentioned in the conversation between the fish.


Non-blanching rash

A non-blanching rash (NBR) is a skin rash that does not fade when pressed with, and viewed through, a glass.
It is a characteristic of both purpuric and petechial rashes. Individual purpura measure 3–10 mm (0.3–1 cm, - in), whereas petechiae measure less than 3 mm.
A non-blanching rash can be a symptom of bacterial meningitis, but this is not the exclusive cause.


Brodie abscess

A Brodie abscess is a subacute osteomyelitis, which may persist for years before progressing to a chronic, frank osteomyelitis. Classically, this may present after progression to a draining abscess extending from the tibia out through the skin. Occasionally acute osteomyelitis may be contained to a localized area and walled off by fibrous and granulation tissue. This is termed Brodie's abscess.
Most frequent causative organism is "Staphylococcus aureus".
Presentation.
Localized pain, often nocturnal, alleviated by aspirin. Often mimics the symptoms of osteoid osteoma, which is typically less than 1 cm in diameter.
Location.
Usually occurs at the metaphysis of long bones.
Distal tibia,
proximal tibia,
distal femur,
proximal or distal fibula, and
distal radius.
Diagnosis.
Radiographic features.
Oval, elliptical, or serpentine radiolucency usually greater than 1 cm surrounded by a heavily reactive sclerosis, granulation tissue, and a nidus often less than 1 cm. The margins often appear scalloped on radiograph. Brodie's abscess is best visualized using computed tomography (CT) scan.
Associated atrophy of soft tissue near the site of infection and shortening of the affected bone. Osteoblastoma may be a classic sign for Brodie's abscess.
Treatment.
In the majority of cases, surgery has to be performed.
If the cavity is small then surgical evacuation and curettage is performed under antibiotic cover.
If the cavity is large then the abscess space may need packing with cancellous bone chips after evacuation.
History.
Brodie abscess is named after Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet. In the 1830s, he initially described a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the tibia without obvious acute etiology. It was later discovered that this was caused by infection.


Suffolk GP Federation

Suffolk GP Federation is a clinically-led not-for-profit community interest company owned by local GP practices. It was founded in 2007 and now provide a portfolio of NHS-funded services in Suffolk and northeast Essex. These include:
1. Urgent care — out-of-hours, GP+ (weekend and evening booked appointments), ED streaming in Ipswich and West Suffolk hospitals and a minor injuries centre in Felixstowe.
2. Primary care - Unity GP practice in Haverhill.
3. Community services including ultrasound, cardiology, diabetes, podiatry, fracture prevention, bladder and bowel, and stoma.
It also has a portfolio of Suffolk primary care support services including GP and nurse retention and support, training and development and other member services.


Harriet P. Dustan

Harriet Pearson Dustan (1920–1999) was an American physician who is known for her pioneering contributions to effective detection and treatment of hypertension. She was the first woman to serve on the Board of Governors of the American Board of Internal Medicine.
Early life and education.
Dustan was born in 1920 in Craftsbury Common, Vermont to Helen Paterson and William Lyon Dustan. She attended Craftsbury Academy for her primary and secondary education before receiving her Bachelors of Science (cum laude) and medical degrees from the University of Vermont. Following graduation, she received her training in internal medicine at Mary Fletcher Hospital, which is now the Medical Center Campus at Fletcher Allen Health Care, in Burlington Vermont. She then moved to Montreal to do her residency in internal medicine at Royal Victoria Hospital.
Medical career.
Following her residency, Dustan returned to Burlington in 1946 to help establish the medical student teaching program at Bishop DeGosbriand Hospital. In 1948, she moved to the Cleveland Clinic to work as a research fellow and in 1951 joined the staff of the Clinic's Research Division. She later became the Division's vice chairman from 1971 to 1977. Following her tenure as vice chairman, she moved to Alabama to join the faculty at University of Alabama at Birmingham as director of the Cardiovascular Research and Training Center and professor of medicine. Her contributions and leadership earned her the distinction of being named distinguished professor of the university in 1985. In 1987, she became 1 of 12 Distinguished Physicians (DP) of the United States Veterans Administration in their Department of Medicine and Surgery. The DP program was established in 1968 to attract doctors who had made significant contributions to medical science and have enjoyed long and distinguished careers. She retired from her position in 1990 and returned to Vermont, where she became a visiting professor of Pharmacology and Medicine at the University of Vermont College of Medicine.
Throughout her career, Dustan held a number of leadership and advisory positions, leaving a lasting footprint on the medical community. In 1973, she became the first woman on the Board of Governors of the American Board of Internal Medicine. She was also an active member of the American Heart Association from 1973 to 1979, serving as its second woman president (1977–1978), chairing its Ethics and Research Committees, and acting as the first editor-in-chief of its journal, "Hypertension." She also served as a member of the Board of Regents of the American College of Physicians from 1979 to 1984 and on the Advisory Board of the NIH's National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, establishing national clinical practice guidelines.
Research contributions.
During her medical career, Dustan was involved in a series of innovations that have advanced the detection and treatment of hypertension. At the Cleveland Clinic, she worked in the Research Division with Drs. Irvine Page and Arthur C. Corcoran where she became a leading force in the field of hypertension. There, she was among the first to suggest that reducing dietary sodium could lower hypertension and risk for other cardiac disorders. In addition to recommendations for hypertension prevention, she advanced the medical field's understanding of the mechanisms underlying hypertension and helped develop early anti-hypertensive treatments. For instance, she studied the effects of serotonin in constricting blood vessels, which is now a treatment used in antidepressants. She also worked to characterize the role of the blood enzyme renin in hypertension—which is an often underdiagnosed cause of hypertension—and studied the effects of discontinuing anti-hypertensive medications in patients with hypertension. She was also a member of the team that established selective renal arteriography to track circulation in the kidneys and develop a reference standard by which to guide treatment and interventions. In so doing, her work transformed hypertension from a death sentence to a treatable disease.
Legacy.
Following her death on June 27, 1999, Dr. Edward D. Frohlich, a colleague and scientist at the Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, noted Dr. Dustan's keen intellect, delightful sense of humor, and service to humanity. In 2008, the American Heart Association established the Harriet Dustan Award in her honor, which is presented to female investigators who have made outstanding contributions in the field of hypertension.


Charles Horace Mayo

Charles Horace Mayo (July 19, 1865 – May 26, 1939) was an American medical practitioner and was one of the founders of the Mayo Clinic along with his brother William James Mayo, Augustus Stinchfield, Christopher Graham, E. Star Judd, Henry Stanley Plummer, Melvin Millet, and Donald Balfour.
Career.
Charles graduated from the medical school of Northwestern University in 1888 and joined his father, William Worrall Mayo, and older brother, William James Mayo, in their private medical practice in Rochester, Minnesota.
The Mayos' first partner was Augustus Stinchfield, who was hired by William Worrall Mayo. Once in place as a partner in the private practice, W. W. Mayo retired at age 73. The private practice became the not-for-profit Mayo Clinic in 1919. At that point, the remaining partners went on salary, and the Mayo Properties Association was established. The world's first "integrated group practice" was established by the seven partners and staff.
The Mayo Clinic came to be regarded as one of the foremost medical treatment and research institutions in the world. Within Mayo's lifetime, it registered one million patients.
The idea of medical specialization was developed by this group of medical pioneers. A close and enduring relationship between the Mayo Clinic and the University of Minnesota Medical School developed. C. H. Mayo specialized in surgery of the thyroid and nervous system.
He was also responsible for the clinic's ophthalmic patients until 1908. He and early partners insisted on sterile conditions in the operating room, and that was one of many factors that contributed to the medical practice's early surgical successes.
Personal life.
Charles Mayo's wife was Edith Graham, of Rochester, MN, whom he married in 1893. He earned a Distinguished Service Medal for his service in WWI and afterwards in the U.S. Army's Officers' Medical Reserve Corps, eventually rising to the rank of Brigadier General. He belonged to the Episcopal church.
Charles H. Mayo was engaged in numerous civic organizations. He was a regent and later, president of the American College of Surgeons. He was a professor of surgery at the University of Minnesota, active there and nationally in both Alpha Kappa Kappa and Sigma Xi fraternities. He was a Freemason, and member of Rochester Lodge #21 of the Grand Lodge of Minnesota, AF&AM, a Knight Templar, Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner, a Kiwanis, and was active in numerous other professional, civic and social clubs.
Legacy.
Mayo retired in 1930 and died of pneumonia in 1939 in Chicago, Illinois. His two sons Charles William Mayo and Joseph Graham Mayo both worked at the clinic. Joseph Graham Mayo was killed in November 1936 in an accident when a train hit his car killing him and his hunting dog, Floosie. Mayo and his dog were buried in the same casket. A grandson, Charles Horace Mayo II, served a residency at the clinic.
The United States Postal Service released a stamp on September 11, 1964, depicting Charles Horace Mayo and his brother.
External links.


Rhode Island Patient Advocacy Coalition

The Rhode Island Patient Advocacy Coalition (RIPAC) is Rhode Island's non-profit grassroots medical marijuana community. Patients, caregivers, doctors, nurses, health care providers, advocates, lawyers, organizations, and residents all make up a part of the coalition. RIPAC advances discourse, research, and policy related to medical marijuana in four main areas: patient advocacy, professional education, research, and policy development. RIPAC works to protect the medical use of marijuana under state law by facilitating dialogue among patients, medical professionals, law enforcement, and policymakers.
History.
RIPAC began organizing in 2003 to protect Rhode Island citizens who were using cannabis for medical reasons. In 2006, the General Assembly overwhelmingly approved the "Medical Marijuana Act" and established the "Rhode Island Medical Marijuana Program."
The Edward O. Hawkins and Thomas C. Slater Medical Marijuana Act.
The Edward O. Hawkins and Thomas C. Slater Medical Marijuana Act allows licensed patients to legally possess up to 2.5 ounces of marijuana and 12 plants and 12 seedlings. The Act also allows licensed patients to appoint up to two caregivers to assist them in obtaining and cultivating medical cannabis within the limits set forth in law. In 2009, the law was amended to include the licensing of compassion centers to provide patients with increased access to medical marijuana.
The Act allows any Rhode Island citizen/resident who suffers from one of the qualifying conditions and whose physician is supportive of their use of cannabis to treat that condition. The qualifying conditions include cancer, glaucoma, positive status for human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and hepatitis C, as well as the treatment of a chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition or its treatment that produces one or more of the following:
On March 28, 2017, the "Legislative Oversight Commission of the Edward O. Hawkins and Thomas C. Slater Medical Marijuana Act" met for the first time, to have six meetings a year.
Current members.
Current organizational members of the coalition include:


Bronchial circulation

The bronchial circulation is the part of the circulatory system that supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells that constitute the lungs, as well as carrying waste products away from them. It is complementary to the pulmonary circulation that brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs and carries oxygenated blood away from them in order to oxygenate the rest of the body.
In the bronchial circulation, blood goes through the following steps:
Blood reaches from the pulmonary circulation into the lungs for gas exchange to oxygenate the rest of the body tissues. But bronchial circulation supplies fully oxygenated arterial blood to the lung tissues themselves. This blood supplies the bronchi and the pleura to meet their nutritional requirements.
Because of the dual blood supply to the lungs from both the bronchial and the pulmonary circulation, this tissue is more resistant to infarction. An occlusion of the bronchial circulation does not cause infarction, but it can still occur in pulmonary embolism when the pulmonary circulation is blocked and the bronchial circulation cannot fully compensate for it.


Angiokeratoma circumscriptum naeviforme


European Wound Management Association

The European Wound Management Association (EWMA) was founded in 1991.
The association works to promote the advancement of education and research into native epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and management of wounds of all aetiologies.
EWMA is an umbrella organisation linking wound management associations across Europe and a multidisciplinary group bringing together individuals and organisations interested in wound management. Currently, the association bridges 46 Cooperating Organisations (national wound care associations in Europe) and, in addition, partners with a considerable number of wound and wound related associations in and outside of Europe. Furthermore, EWMA has a large number of individual members from all over Europe.
EWMA works to reach its objectives by being an educational resource, organising conferences, contributing to international projects related to wound management, actively supporting the implementation of existing knowledge within wound management and providing information on all aspects of wound management.
EWMA Journal.
The EWMA Journal is the official journal of the European Wound Management Association (EWMA). Issues are published in January, May and October.
EWMA Journal is CINAHL indexed and provides peer-reviewed original scientific articles, reviews, clinical information, and information about development in wound healing and management across Europe. The Journal also functions as a communication tool between EWMA, its members and the EWMA Cooperating Organisations. It serves as a means of distributing information and details of initiatives across national borders, thus supporting EWMA’s aim of advancing wound healing within Europe. As EWMA shares the vision of an ‘open access’ philosophy, the Journal is freely available online.
It is distributed to EWMA members and to members of national wound healing organisations in Europe, as well as to a wider audience via the internet. As a result, each issue of the EWMA Journal is distributed to 12-13,000 nurses, doctors and other health care professionals who have a special interest in wound care.


George Henry Alexander Clowes

George Henry Alexander Clowes (1877–1958) was a doctor who worked as the first research director at Eli Lilly and Company. He was responsible for mobilizing Eli Lilly resources to mass-produce insulin, making it available for diabetics beginning in 1923. He was an art collector whose collection of paintings by European Old Masters was donated to the Indianapolis Museum of Art. He and his two sons established The Clowes Fund in 1952 to fund art, education, and social services. The Clowes Award for cancer research was named in his honor.
His grandson, Alexander Whitehill Clowes, wrote "The Doc and the Duchess", a book about his grandfather's life and legacy.


Edward Johnson Wayne

Sir Edward Johnson Wayne (3 June 1902 – 19 August 1990) was an English physician, biochemist, thyroidologist, and professor of medicine.
Biography.
Wayne attended Leeds Central High School from 1914 to 1920 and then matriculated at the University of Leeds, graduating there in 1923 BSc in chemistry and in 1924 MSc after working on organic chemistry. He then went to the University of Manchester to do research under Hugh Stanley Raper on the intermediary metabolism of the fatty acids. Wayne graduated there in 1925 with a PhD.
He took classes in anatomy and physiology during a postdoctoral year of research at Manchester and then returned in 1926 to Leeds to study medicine, graduating MB, ChB in 1929. From 1930 to 1931 he was a demonstrator in physiology at the University of Leeds.
From 1931 to 1934 Wayne worked as an assistant under the cardiologist Thomas Lewis in the department of clinical research at University College Hospital, London. He qualified MRCP in 1932. From 1934 to 1953 he was Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the University of Sheffield, "establishing a reputation as a clinical scientist and as a talented director of research." He also became an associate physician to Sheffield Royal Infirmary. He was elected FRCP in 1937 and graduated MD in 1938. In 1953, as successor to Sir John William McNee, Wayne was appointed Regius Professor of the Practice of Medicine at Glasgow University. He held the professorship until his retirement as professor emeritus in 1967.
He was the Bradshaw Lecturer in 1953 and the Lumleian Lecturer in 1959. He was elected FRCPE in 1955. He was knighted in 1964.
In 1932 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire he married Honora Nancy Halloran. Upon his death in 1990 he was survived by his widow, a son, and a daughter.
Wayne's diagnostic index.
By using a statistical procedure partially based on discriminant analysis, James Crooks, I. P. C. Murray, and Edward J. Wayne developed a clinical diagnostic index (sometimes called the "Wayne score") in thyrotoxicosis. The procedure allocates a positive or negative score to each clinical feature and provides a numerical estimate of the degree of severity of the disease.
Older generations of endocrinologists were familiar with the use of Wayne's score and Billewicz's score for clinical diagnoses of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively. Contemporary medical textbooks have discarded those two diagnostic scores as old-fashioned. However, various scoring and grading systems in clinical thyroidology might still have value.


Charles Dettie Aaron

Charles Dettie Aaron (8 May 1866 – 1951) was an American gastroenterologist from Detroit. He is most well known for the creation of Aaron's sign, an indicator of appendicitis.


Vital capacity

Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. It is approximately equal to Forced Vital Capacity (FVC).
A person's vital capacity can be measured by a wet or regular spirometer. In combination with other physiological measurements, the vital capacity can help make a diagnosis of underlying lung disease. Furthermore, the vital capacity is used to determine the severity of respiratory muscle involvement in neuromuscular disease, and can guide treatment decisions in Guillain–Barré syndrome and myasthenic crisis.
A normal adult has a vital capacity between 3 and 5 litres. A human's vital capacity depends on age, sex, height, mass, and possibly ethnicity. However, the dependence on ethnicity is poorly understood or defined, as it was first established by studying black slaves in the 19th century and may be the result of conflation with environmental factors.
Lung volumes and lung capacities refer to the volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle. Lung volumes are directly measured, whereas lung capacities are inferred from volumes.
Role in Diagnosis.
The vital capacity can be used to help differentiate causes of lung disease. In restrictive lung disease the vital capacity is decreased. In obstructive lung disease it is usually normal or only slightly decreased.
Estimated vital capacities.
Formulas.
Vital capacity increases with height and decreases with age. Formulas to estimate vital capacity are:
formula_1
where formula_2 is approximate vital capacity in cm3, formula_3 is age in years, and formula_4 is height in cm.
Several studies have been made to measure and predict vital capacity.


Blowhole (anatomy)

In cetology, the study of whales and other cetaceans, a blowhole is the hole (or spiracle) at the top of the head through which the animal breathes air. In baleen whales, these are in pairs. It is homologous with the nostril of other mammals, and evolved via gradual movement of the nostrils to the top of the head. As whales reach the water surface to breathe, they forcefully expel air through the blowhole. The exhalation is released into the comparably lower-pressure, colder atmosphere, and any water vapor condenses. This spray, known as the "blow", is often visible from far away as a white splash, which can also be caused by water resting on top of the blowhole.
Air sacs just below the blowhole allow whales to produce sounds for communication and, for toothed whales, echolocation. These air sacs are filled with air, which is then released again to produce sound in a similar fashion to releasing air from a balloon. When whales dive under water their nasal plug covers the nasal passage to the blowhole. The muscles controlling the nasal plug are relaxed during this time, but when the whale comes up for air these muscles contract and allow for the blowhole to be opened and the process of exhalation and inhalation to occur.
Baleen whales have two blowholes positioned in a V-shape while toothed whales have only one blowhole. The blowhole of a sperm whale, a toothed whale, is located left of centre in the frontal area of the snout, and is actually its left nostril, while the right nostril lacks an opening to the surface and its nasal passage is otherwise well developed.
The trachea only connects to the blowhole, and the animal cannot breathe through its mouth. Because of this, there is no risk of food entering the animal's lungs, so whales have no gag reflex.


Witold Zawadowski

Witold Eugeniusz Zawadowski (23 February 1888 in Skobełka near Horochow, Volhynia – 12 August 1980 in Warsaw) was a Polish radiologist, one of the pioneer of Polish radiology. He was a brother of Jan Wacław.
Zawadowski was a professor of the University of Warsaw (since 1946), professor of the Medical University of Warsaw (since 1950), member of the Polish Academy of Learning (since 1948), member of the Polish Academy of Sciences (since 1952) and national radiology consultant. Since 1930 he was an editor of "Polski Przegląd Radiologiczny" (since 1955 under name "Polski Przegląd Radiologii i Medycyny Nuklearnej").
His main area of study was roentgen-diagnostics of the chest organs.


Major immunogene complex

The Major immunogene complex (MIC) is a gene sequence containing loci coding for antigens on lymphocyte surface (Ia) histocompatibility (H) antigens, products of immune responses, and components system proteins.
The genes that code for immunoglobulins are assorted independently of the MIC, but the plasma cells which produce immunoglobulins are under the control of products of the MIC.


National Alopecia Areata Foundation

National Alopecia Areata Foundation based in San Rafael, California is dedicated to the discovery of a cure or treatment for alopecia areata and supporting the conditions victims. It was founded in 1981.
Bree Morse, Miss California 2015, based her pageant-winning platform on support for this foundation.


Maria Abbey

Maria N. Abbey (nee Young, December 17, 1816 - April 13, 1903) was a nurse during the American Civil War.
The daughter of Aaron Young, Maria N. Abbey was born and educated in Geneva, New York. She and her husband moved to Brooklyn, New York, in 1845.
In Mary G. Holland's collection of letters from Civil War nurses, titled, "Our Army Nurses: Stories from Women in the Civil War", Abbey recounts her experience as a wartime nurse. She was called to the service after hearing Reverend H. W. Beecher speak at Plymouth church of the duty of women to help during the war. She heard this sermon in April 1861, the Sunday after the battle at Fort Sumter, and enlisted with six other women by the first day of May. These women were some of the first to respond to the call for nurses.
Her service began at Union Hospital at Georgetown. Immediately, Abbey noticed the lack of structure and organization of the hospital, largely due to the immense need for help. Ultimately, the hospital environment proved to be too much physical and emotional stress for Abbey, who left September 3, 1861.
This did not stop Abbey from aiding the war effort. Abbey opened her own home to be used as a private hospital for two years, maintained by herself. The house continued to operate as a hospital even after Abbey moved. She reportedly never expected payment for her services.
In her later years, Abbey was chaplain for the Ladies' Relief Corps, an auxiliary to the McPherson-Doane Post of the Grand Army of the Republic.
Activities in Abbey's personal life included singing in church choirs.
Abbey died in Brooklyn on April 13, 1903, and was buried in Buffalo, New York.


Zbylut Twardowski

Zbylut Twardowski is a Polish-American nephrologist, known for his pioneering work on dialysis. His patented dialysis machines and catheters are commonly found in hospitals and dialysis centers worldwide. Twardowski is associated with the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri.


American Medical Group Association

The American Medical Group Association (AMGA) is a nonprofit trade association headquartered in Alexandria, VA. AMGA represents the interests of multi-specialty medical groups and integrated health systems in the United States.
History.
AMGA was founded in 1950 as a way to help physicians practicing in groups share best practices, experiences, and strategies with one another. In 1974, the association was renamed the American Group Practice Association. In 1996 it merged with the Unified Medical Group Association to form the American Medical Group Association. In 2016, the American Medical Group Association re-branded as "AMGA," and added the tagline “Advancing High Performing Health."
AMGA Consulting.
AMGA Consulting is a professional services firm that provides consulting and advisory services to multi-specialty medical groups and integrated health systems across the United States. Although AMGA Consulting is affiliated with AMGA, it operates independently from the association, as a for-profit organization.
AMGA Consulting publishes AMGA's annual Medical Group Compensation and Productivity Survey, which collects member-submitted data and reports on compensation, productivity and workRVU averages and trends for all physician specialties and advanced practice providers. AMGA Consulting also conducts similar, non-annualized surveys to report on medical group finance, operations and executive compensation.
Political Advocacy.
AMGA primarily advocates on behalf of its members at the federal level. Policy issues AMGA has focused on include:
Diabetes: Together 2 Goal Campaign.
Together 2 Goal is a three-year, national campaign created by the AMGA Foundation, with the goal of measurably improving the outcome of care for patients in the United States with type 2 diabetes, by 2019. Over 100 medical groups, non-profits, health systems, and corporations, including the American Diabetes Association, American Association of Diabetes Educators, Novo Nordisk, Inc., and Geisinger Health participate in this campaign.
Group Practice Journal.
Group Practice Journal (GPJ) is a healthcare-based professional trade magazine, published 10 times each year. GPJ focuses on topics of the topics of practice management, business operations, executive leadership, public policy, information technology & cybersecurity and finance. GPJ relies heavily on content crowd-sourced from member and nonmembers.


Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya

Faculty of Medicine is one of the nine faculties in University of Peradeniya. It is the second faculty of Medicine in Sri Lanka.
Overview.
Faculty of Medicine is situated at the Galaha Junction, Peradeniya, on the other side of the entrance to the Royal Botanical Garden of Peradeniya. In addition to the buildings located in the main campus, faculty operates a rural field practice area known as "Hindagala Community Health Project" covering 62 square kilometers and with a population of 20,000.
History.
Faculty of Medicine is established in the University of Peradeniya in 1962 under the provisions made by Ministry of Health. Professor Seneka Bibile; Professor of Pharmacology, who was elected Dean of this Faculty of Medicine in 1967, is largely responsible for the faculty’s growth. He established the Medical Education Unit in the Faculty, which became a World Health Organization recognized teacher training centre for health professionals in the South-East Asian Region. And it was in his period, the plans for the building of a teaching hospital at the Peradeniya Campus were initiated. This 940-bed hospital, Teaching Hospital of Peradeniya was completed in 1980 and does a valuable service to the area.
Hospitals affiliated to the faculty.
The students of the faculty of Medicine receive their clinical training at 6 hospitals currently. They are;


Hydropneumothorax

Hydropneumothorax is defined as the presence of both air and fluid within the pleural space. An upright chest x-ray will show air fluid levels. The horizontal fluid level is usually well defined and extends across the whole length of hemithorax.
Signs and symptoms.
This can be remembered by 4 'S':
straight line dullness,
shifting dullness,
splash,
sound of coin.
Diagnosis.
Diagnosis can be via CXR. CT is better to outline borders of air fluid levels, however, CT has a greater radiation exposure.
Treatment.
Treatment is mostly the treatment includes ICD (intercostal drainage) of fluid and air and treatment of underlying conditions.


Neville Poy

Neville George Poy, OC, FRCS(C), FACS (Chinese: 伍衛權; Cantonese Ńgh Waih-Kyùhn; born October 29, 1934 in British Hong Kong), is a Canadian philanthropist, photographer and retired plastic surgeon. He is the husband of former Senator Vivienne Poy and the brother of Adrienne Clarkson, who served as Governor General of Canada.
Life and career.
Poy came to Canada in 1942 from Hong Kong with father William Poy, mother Ethel Poy and sister Adrienne Clarkson. He graduated from McGill University's medical school in 1960 and went into practice in Toronto shortly after. He retired in 1995 and continues to live in Toronto.
After retirement, Poy has remained active in the community. An award, the "Dr Neville G Poy Award", was created at McGill University in 1994.
In 1998, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, the country's second-highest civilian honour, in recognition of being an "internationally renowned plastic surgeon whose extensive research in trauma has greatly improved the quality of medical care received by accident victims".
In 2003, he was appointed Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel of The Queen's York Rangers. He is also a member of the Quadrangle Society of Massey College at the University of Toronto.


American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

The American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (ABPMR) was established in 1947 as the certifying body for the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation under the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). It is one of two certifying boards, along with the American Osteopathic Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, to certify physiatrists in the United States. The Board certifies physicians with Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) and Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degrees.


Bill Begg

Dr. Bill Begg is the Vice Chairman of Emergency Medicine at Danbury Hospital, best known for his activism in the wake of the Sandy Hook school shooting on December 14, 2012.
Dr. Begg focuses on addressing gun control as a public health issue, and has testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee on such issues. He was profiled in the feature film "Newtown" (2016), as well as PBS short film "We Are All Newtown" (2017).
Dr. Begg is also known for saving lives while running. In 2007, near a race course in his hometown of Newtown, Connecticut, Begg performed CPR on a runner who had fallen during the race. A few months later a man collapsed 100 yards in front of him at the Ridgefield Half Marathon. Dr. Begg performed CPR, which was credited for saving the man's life. Dr. Begg has also finished several Ironman triathlons with his family.
Dr. Begg was instrumental in informing "Impossible Operation"—an initiative by gun-safety organization Change the Ref designed to call attention to the medical side of gun violence.
Education.
Begg graduated from New York Medical College in 1989 and did his internship and residency at Johns Hopkins Hospital.


Accessory breast

Accessory breasts, also known as polymastia, supernumerary breasts, or mammae erraticae, is the condition of having an additional breast. Extra breasts may appear with or without nipples or areolae. It is a condition and a form of atavism which is most prevalent in male humans, and often goes untreated as it is mostly harmless. In recent years, many affected women have had a plastic surgery operation to remove the additional breasts, for purely aesthetic reasons.
A related condition, in which extra nipples form, is called "supernumerary nipple" or "polythelia".
Presentation.
In some cases, the accessory breast may not be visible at the surface. In these cases, it may be possible to distinguish their appearance from normal breast tissue with MRI. In other cases, accessory breasts have been known to lactate, as illustrated in a drawing showing a child nursing at ectopic breast tissue on the lateral thigh.
There is some evidence that the condition may be more common in Native American populations.
Cause.
Polymastia typically occurs in the womb during the development. During normal development, breast tissue will develop along the milk line, and additional tissue will disintegrate and be absorbed into the body. Polymastia occurs when the additional tissue doesn’t disintegrate before birth. This condition can be inherited and run in families.


Cantuzumab ravtansine

Cantuzumab ravtansine (huC242-SPDB-DM4) is an antibody-drug conjugate designed for the treatment of cancers. The humanized monoclonal antibody "cantuzumab" (huC242) is linked to a cytotoxic agent, ravtansine (DM4). It uses a more hindered disulfide linkage than cantuzumab mertansine.


European Delirium Association

The European Delirium Association was founded in 2005 in order to promote research, education and clinical practice in delirium. It serves as a forum to bring together interested researchers, practitioners and policy makers.
In 2006, the inaugural meeting brought together 50 delegates from the disciplines central to delirium including doctors, nurses, and psychologists working in geriatrics, psychiatry, palliative medicine, paediatrics, and neurology. The association has a broad remit, covering research, clinical practice, and promotion of better care through campaigning at local, national, and international levels. The annual scientific congress addresses a wide spectrum of delirium issues including the latest developments in epidemiology, pathophysiology, phenomenology, treatment (including service models), and delirium advocacy.
In 2011, the EDA received the first Delirium Champion Award from the American Delirium Society. Along with the American Delirium Society, the EDA have provided a framework for the interpretation of delirium diagnostic criteria.
The EDA provides research funding, and has been able to coordinate research across its network.
The Annals of Delirium is the official publication of the EDA.


Merceline Dahl-Regis

Merceline Dahl-Regis, CMG OD, is a Bahamian physician and public health expert. She is the former Chief Medical Officer of the Bahamas and has been recognized for her role in advancing public health in the Caribbean and internationally.
Biography.
Dahl-Regis earned her medical degree from the University of West Indies in the 1960s, becoming one of the first women to graduate in medicine in the Bahamas. She earned a degree in public health from Johns Hopkins University. She completed a residency in paediatrics at Howard University, where she subsequently accepted a faculty position.
Returning home to the Bahamas, Dahl-Regis obtained a position at Princess Margaret Hospital. She was appointed Chief Medical Officer of the Bahamas in 1997. In 2009, Dahl-Regis was awarded the Pan American Health Organization Award for Administration, for her contributions to health care management, research, and medical education. She was credited for her innovations to the public health system, including the introduction of non-medical administrators to public health clinics so that medical staff could focus on delivering health care. She was also recognized for her management of a malaria outbreak within the tourism industry.
In 2010, Dahl-Regis was appointed to chair an international expert committee responsible for verifying the elimination of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the Americas. In 2016, the committee declared the Americas free of endemic measles, following a 22-year vaccination drive.
In 2018, Dahl-Regis was presented with the PAHO Public Health Hero of the Americas award. At the ceremony, Bahamian Prime Minister Hubert Minnis commended Dahl-Regis on her efforts to eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases. The same year, she was named an Officer of the Bahamian Order of Distinction.
In 2020, during the global COVID-19 pandemic, Dahl-Regis coordinated the Bahamian government's COVID-19 task force.


Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is a United States-based non-profit institute created through the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. It is a government-sponsored organization charged with funding comparative effectiveness research that assists consumers, clinicians, purchasers, and policy makers to make informed decisions intended to improve health care at both the individual and population levels, according to the Institute of Medicine. Medicare considers the Institute's research in determining what sorts of therapies it will cover, although the institute's authorizing legislation set certain limits on uses of the research by federal health agencies.
Funding.
PCORI is funded through the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund (PCORTF), which was authorized by the United States Congress as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 and reauthorized through the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020.
Its annual income comes from the general fund of the U.S. Treasury and a small fee assessed on Medicare, private health insurance, and self-insured plans. The Act mandates a $2 fee, adjusted for inflation, for each person covered on a group plan.
In 2018, PCORI's revenue was $506,485,458 dollars with approved research awards of $308,000,000. It made about $2 billion in commitments for funding awards between 2010 and 2017. About $1.6 billion (79% of its commitments) through fiscal 2017 was for research awards, while $325 million (16%) was to build the capacity to use existing health data for research.
Research.
PCORI funds research studies that focus on patient-centered outcomes, rather than only on comparative effectiveness research alone. Patient-centered outcomes research involves questions and outcomes that are "meaningful and important to patients and caregivers" in order to help those individuals make informed decisions for their own care.
As of 2019, there have been 65 research standards developed to support patient-centered outcomes research.
PCORI's authorizing legislation requires it "to guarantee peer review of all research results and to make those results publicly accessible within 90 days of their receipt."
PCORnet.
Funding from PCORI enabled the development of PCORnet, a collaboration of several networks that support research using health data collected in the course of care through electronic health records, claims, and from patients. It established and maintains a common data model that allows analysis across many sites.


Jean Davignon

Jean Davignon, (born July 29, 1935) is a Canadian physician, medical researcher, and academic.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, he received his Doctor of Medicine from the Université de Montréal in 1958 and a Master of Science degree in 1960 from McGill University.
His research has focused on hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. He is the Director of the Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Group of the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM). He is a Professor of the Faculty of Medicine at the Université de Montréal and Adjunct Professor of the Department of Experimental Medicine at McGill University. He is the co-founder of the Canadian Atherosclerosis Society and the Canadian Association for Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
In 1995, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honour. In 2006, he was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec. In 2000, he was awarded the Quebec Government's Prix Wilder-Penfield. In 1995, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.


Hart Blanton

Hart Blanton (Ph.D., Princeton University, 1994) is an American social psychologist. He is now professor of communication at Texas A&M University.
Research.
Blanton is known for his contributions to the field of social comparison, social influence and has also conducted research on implicit attitudes. He is recognized for authoring Deviance Regulation Theory and psychometric analysis of the Implicit Association Test.


VirCapSeq

VirCapSeq is a system to broadly screen for all viral infections in vertebrates including humans. It was designed by W. Ian Lipkin, Thomas Briese, and Amit Kapoor at Columbia University.
The researchers created a library of 2 million 50 to 100-mer oligonucleotides based on viral genome sequences described in the European Molecular Biology Laboratory database that represented the coding sequences of all known vertebrate viruses. They then developed an assay whereby addition of these probes to samples allowed recovery of complete viral genomic sequences, This assay is "VirCapSeq".


Westermark sign

In chest radiography, the Westermark sign is a sign that represents a focus of oligemia (hypovolemia) (leading to collapse of vessel) seen distal to a pulmonary embolism (PE). While the chest x-ray is normal in the majority of PE cases, the Westermark sign is seen in 2% of patients.
Essentially, this is a plain X-ray version of a filling defect as seen on computed tomography pulmonary arteriogram.
The sign results from a combination of:
Sensitivity and specificity.
The Westermark sign, like Hampton's hump (a wedge shaped, pleural based consolidation associated with pulmonary infarction), has a low sensitivity (11%) and high specificity (92%) for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Put more simply, the Westermark sign is seldom seen in PE, but when visible on a chest X-ray, it is strongly indicative of PE.
Etymology.
It is named after Nils Westermark, a Swedish radiologist.


Kabale University School of Medicine

The Kabale University School of Medicine (KUSM), also known as the Kabale University Medical School, is the school of medicine of Kabale University, one of Uganda's public universities.
Location.
The faculty of medicine of Kabale University is housed on the main university campus at Kikungiri Hill, in Kabale Municipality, in the block that formerly housed the Biology, Chemistry and Physics laboratories, until a more suitable location is found. The clinical departments of the medical school are located at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital, the teaching hospital of the medical school. The geographical coordinates of the clinical campus are:01°15'03.0"S, 29°59'21.0"E (Latitude:-1.250833; Longitude:29.989167).
Overview.
Kabale University Medical School was established in 2015, when the university became a public institution. This is one of the six public medical schools, and one of the eleven public and private healthcare institutions of higher learning in the country. Kabale Regional Referral Hospital is the designated teaching hospital of Kabale University Medical School. Approximately 110 undergraduates, 50 in medicine and 60 in nursing, join the university programs at the hospital every year. Their presence improves service delivery at the hospital and complements the hospital healthcare staff.
Academic courses.
A of August 2015, the following courses were on offer.


CMA (AAMA)

The CMA (AAMA) credential represents a medical assistant who has been certified by the Certifying Board of the American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA). The CMA (AAMA) is awarded to candidates who have successfully completed the CMA (AAMA) Certification/Recertification Examination administered by the Certifying Board of the AAMA. The credential is valid throughout the United States, and requires recertification every 60 months. The CMA (AAMA) is the only allied health professional required to graduate from an accredited postsecondary medical assisting program that focuses on training for work in medical offices, clinics, and other outpatient care centers.
The CMA (AAMA) Certification/Recertification Examination.
The CMA (AAMA) Certification/Recertification Exam is drawn from an in-depth analysis of the general, clinical, and administrative tasks medical assistants perform on a daily basis, according to the Occupational Analysis of the CMA (AAMA). The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) serves as test consultant for the exam.
Examination questions are formulated by the AAMA Certifying Board's Task Force for Test Construction, a group composed of practicing medical assistants, physicians, and medical assisting educators from across the United States. Alongside the NBME, the Task Force updates the CMA (AAMA) Exam to reflect the changes in the day-to-day responsibilities of medical assistants, as well as developments in medical knowledge and technology. The examination tests knowledge in three major areas: general medical knowledge (e.g., terminology and anatomy), administrative knowledge (e.g., management and insurance processing), and clinical knowledge (e.g., medical preparation and pharmacology).
To be eligible for the exam, an applicant must be a graduate of a medical assisting program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES). The exam is offered year-round at test centers nationwide.
The Certifying Board (CB) of the American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA) has launched a three-year pilot plan that paves the way for students in medical assistance programs to be able to take the CMA Qualification Test. This three-year pilot plan requires students in post-secondary medical assistance programs to take the CMA (AAMA) Qualification Test if the curriculum satisfies other criteria, including, though not restricted to, an organization approved by an accrediting agency recognised either by the U.S. Department of Education (USDE) or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA).
Recertification of the CMA (AAMA) credential.
Every 60 months, the CMA (AAMA) is required to keep the credential current by recertifying. The credential must be current for a medical assistant to use it in connection with employment. Certification status is a matter of public record and may be released, and also may be verified on the AAMA website. MedicalAssistantEdu.org
A CMA (AAMA) holder can recertify one of two ways: by earning 60 recertification points through continuing education, or by retaking and passing the CMA (AAMA) Certification/Recertification Exam.


Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Bruch

Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Bruch (May 1, 1819 – January 4, 1884) was a German anatomist born in Mainz.
In 1842 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Giessen, and in 1845 he received his habilitation with a dissertation on rigor mortis called "Nonnulla de Rigore Mortis". In 1850 he was appointed professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Basel, and in 1855 returned to Giessen as a professor.
In 1855 he published "Über die Befruchtung des thierischen Eies und über die histologische Deutung desselben" ("On the fertilization of animal eggs and its histological interpretation").


Thomas Claye Shaw

Thomas Claye Shaw, FRCP (1841 – 14 January 1927), often published as T. Claye Shaw, was a British physician and hospital administrator with a special interest in mental illness.
Life.
Thomas Claye Shaw was born in 1841 at Stockport, the son of a chemist. He studied at King's College, London, as Senior Warneford Scholar, and graduated from the University of London with a bachelor of arts (BA) degree in 1860; he became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons and Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries (MRCS, LSA) four years later. He took the degree of bachelor of medicine (MB) in 1866 and a year later became a doctor of medicine (MD), winning a gold medal. He was interested in mental illness and was appointed to a junior position at Colney Hatch Asylum and then as medical superintendent at a temporary hospital in Hampstead, then the Metropolitan Asylum at Leavesden, and then at London County Council's Asylum at Banstead. He advised the LCC on the new asylum at Claybury and recommended Robert Armstrong-Jones to be its first director.
Claye Shaw was also appointed a lecturer in psychological medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital and also in clinical immunity at St Luke's Hospital. With surgeon Harrison Cripps of St Bartholomew's he tried to relieve paralysis and mental symptoms in patients by relieving fluid pressure on the brain. He was involved in the foundation of the After-Care Association, President of the Society for the Study of Inebriety and was associated with the Psychological Section of the British Medical Association (Manchester secretary, 1877; London vice-president, 1895; and Exeter president, 1897). He elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1880. A popular lecturer, he published articles in various medical journals (often hospital reports) and entries in medical dictionaries. His "Ex-Cathedra Essays on Insanity" (1904) was an original contribution to understanding mental illness. "Outspoken" and "dogmatic", he advocated the establishment of medical clinics in general hospitals. He espoused misogynistic views in his critique of the 'modern woman', telling an audience in 1913 that her pursuit of independence would "mar the beauty of her face, change her nature, and alienate male sympathy". When World War I broke out, he criticised the mentality of the German elite in a polemical attack.
Outside of work, he was an active sportsman, a keen musician and an amateur actor. In 1877, he married Hannah Gratix, a daughter of Isaac Ridgway of Leavesden; they had two daughters. Later in life he lived at Cheltenham and died on 14 January 1927.


Stephanie Amiel

Stephanie Anne Amiel, (born 17 October 1954) is a British physician and academic, specialising in type 1 diabetes. Since 1995, she has been the R. D. Lawrence Professor of Diabetic Medicine at King's College London and a consultant at King's College Hospital.
Early life and education.
Amiel was born on 17 October 1954 in Farnborough, Kent, England. She was educated at Baston School for Girls, an all-girls independent school in Kent. She studied at Guy's Hospital School of Medicine, graduating with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in 1975 and Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degrees in 1978. She later undertook research towards a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree which she completed in 1988.
Academic career.
From 1983 to 1986, Amiel was a research fellow at Yale University. At Yale she undertook research in diabetes under professors William V. Tamborlane and Robert Stanley Sherwin. She then returned to England, and was a research fellow and honorary senior registrar at St Bartholomew's Hospital in the City of London from 1986 to 1989. Between 1989 and 1995, she was a senior lecturer and honorary consultant at Guy's Hospital in the London Borough of Southwark. In May 1995, she joined King's College London as the R. D. Lawrence Professor of Diabetic Medicine. She is also a consultant physician to the diabetes services at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
Amiel's research continues to be focused on type 1 diabetes. As a practising physician, she specialises in intensive insulin therapy, insulin pumps, and diabetes in pregnancy. Her academic interests include diabetic hypoglycaemia, islet transplantation, and diabetes and mental health.
Personal life.
In 1998, Amiel married the British physician Sir George Alberti. This marriage brought three stepsons.


Clair Mills Callan

Clair Mills Callan (born 1940) is an anesthesiologist and vice-president of Science, Quality, and Public Health standards for the American Medical Association (AMA).
Biography.
Callan was educated at Holy Child Killiney secondary school in County Dublin, Ireland. Early in her career, Callan was a staff anesthesiologist at St. Francis Hospital in Hartford, Connecticut, from 1972 to 1975. She later worked for the state of Connecticut, as medical director of the Department of Income Maintenance, where she administered medical aspects of Connecticut's Medicaid program, from 1978 to 1984.
She was director of medical affairs for Abbott Laboratories from 1985 to 1992, where she did critical research on new anesthesia products. The team she led completed the global development of a new drug within two years, and their work included innovative research on kidney function that led to the conclusion that the kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory organ. Before joining the staff of the AMA in 1999, Callan was vice president of Abbott's Hospital Products Division.
As vice-president for Science, Quality, and Public Health Standards at the American Medical Association, Callan is responsible for AMA programs in Medicine and Public Health, Science and Community Health Advocacy, Alcohol Policy Advocacy, Tobacco Policy Advocacy, Science, Research and Technology, Clinical Quality Improvement, and Disaster Preparedness.
Callan holds an honorary fellowship from the Faculty of Anesthesia, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland, and is a Fellow of the Institute of Medicine, Chicago. She was also awarded the Certified Physician Executive (C.P.E.) board certification from the American College of Physician Executives. She is married to fellow physician John P. Callan, M.D., and the couple has four children.
References.
"This article is adopted from a publication of the National Library of Medicine, a division of the National Institutes of Health, an agency of the United States government."


Hot quadrate sign

A hot quadrate sign is an imaging appearance of increased enhancement in CT scans or MRI, or radiotracer accumulation in nuclear medicine, in which there is enhancement of the quadrate lobe of the liver. The appearance is an indirect reflection of the collateralized flow of SVC syndrome, in which occlusion of the superior vena cava leads to preferential flow to the quadrate.
The sign is similar in mechanism but distinct in significance from the "hot caudate sign", in which the caudate lobe of the liver shows preferential enhancement or radiotracer accumulation with hepatic vein occlusion in Budd Chiari syndrome. In the latter, the caudate shows preferential flow because its direct drainage into the inferior vena cava remains unobstructed, as opposed to the remnant liver which drains into the hepatic vein.


Helper dependent virus

A helper dependent virus, also termed a gutless virus, is a synthetic viral vector dependent on the assistance of a helper virus in order to replicate, and can be used for purposes such as gene therapy. Naturally-occurring satellite viruses are also helper virus dependent, and can sometimes be modified to become viral vectors.
Viral vector.
Since the genome of the gutless virus does not include genes encoding the enzymes and/or structural proteins required to replicate, it is deemed safe for use in gene therapy since an infection cannot occur except in the presence of a suitable helper virus.
Well established protocols allow scientists to propagate helper dependent viruses in the lab. However, using an actual helper virus poses problems when it comes to purification of a desired transgenic virus. Therefore, lab methods often utilize minimal fragments of the helper DNA that can serve this purpose without creating unwanted virus. This process usually involves the introduction of three separate DNA plasmids into a eukaryotic cell line through a process called transfection. These plasmids contain either transgenic DNA or replication and capsid encoding DNA, plus helper DNA. Every cell that is successfully transfected with all three DNA fragments will produce the necessary proteins to produce infective viruses. These viruses will only have transgenic DNA encapsidated and therefore once they've infected a patient's cell, they will not be capable of reproducing.
Satellite virus.
Helper dependent viruses can also occur in nature without being "gutted". The term satellite virus has been given to a large group of viruses that all require the presence of another virus to replicate. Many of these are plant viruses, but animal viruses can be seen in the case of dependoviruses.
Within the family parvoviridae, the dependovirus genus was given a distinct classification due to their dependence on another virus. The most widely known dependovirus is adeno-associated virus (AAV) which was originally discovered as a contaminant in a sample of simian adenovirus. Though AAV is considered to be dependent on adenovirus, it is able to replicate in the presence of herpesvirus as well as certain cytotoxic events such as UV irradiation or some carcinogens During the course of a natural dependovirus infection, if the helper virus is not present, the dependovirus is often capable of integrating into the host genome and going into a latent phase of its life cycle—effectively waiting for the next helper virus infection. For gene therapy uses, the vector is stripped of its ability to integrate. Because AAV can deliver transgenic material in a non-replicating form, it is a strong candidate for gene therapy and is currently used in about 8% of clinical trials.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is an example of a replication defective, helper dependent ssRNA virus because it requires Hepatitis B virus (HBV) to provide HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) for the encapsidation of its genome. The envelope proteins on the outer surface of HDV are entirely provided by HBV.


Palmoplantar keratoderma

Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the palms and soles.
Autosomal recessive and dominant, X-linked, and acquired forms have all been described.
Types.
Clinically, three distinct patterns of palmoplantar keratoderma may be identified: diffuse, focal, and punctate.
Diffuse.
Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma is a type of palmoplantar keratoderma that is characterized by an even, thick, symmetric hyperkeratosis over the whole of the palm and sole, usually evident at birth or in the first few months of life. Restated, diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma is an autosomal dominant disorder in which hyperkeratosis is confined to the palms and soles. The two major types can have a similar clinical appearance:
Focal.
Focal palmoplantar keratoderma, a type of palmoplantar keratoderma in which large, compact masses of keratin develop at sites of recurrent friction, principally on the feet, although also on the palms and other sites, a pattern of calluses that may be discoid (nummular) or linear.
Punctate.
"Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma" is a form of palmoplantar keratoderma in which many tiny "raindrop" keratoses involve the palmoplantar surface, skin lesions which may involve the whole of the palmoplantar surface, or may be more restricted in their distribution.
Genetics.
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma has been associated with keratin 9 and keratin 16.
Nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma has been associated with keratin 1 and keratin 16.
Treatment.
Usually, a common form of treatment for the condition is a type of hand cream which moisturises the hard skin. However, currently the condition is incurable.


Zygmunt Grodner

Zygmunt Grodner (12 January 1932 – 21 February 2020) was a Polish fencer and physician. He competed in the team épée event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.


Arthur Groenouw

Arthur Groenouw (27 March 1862 – 1945) was a German ophthalmologist born in Bosatz, a village near Ratibor.
He studied medicine in Breslau, and was an assistant to physiologist Rudolf Heidenhain (1834–1897) and ophthalmologist Wilhelm Uhthoff (1853–1927). In 1892 he was habilitated for ophthalmology in Breslau, and in 1899 attained the title of professor.
In 1890 Groenouw described two different types of corneal dystrophy, of which he wrote about in an article titled "Knötchenförmige Hornhauttrübungen" (noduli corneae). At the time, he believed that the two types were variations of the same disease. Later on, his findings on corneal dystrophy were classified as two separate syndromes:
References.


W. Laird Stabler Jr.

Winder Laird Stabler Jr. (May 2, 1930 – February 24, 2008) was an American attorney and politician from the state of Delaware.
Early life.
Stabler was born in 1930 in Nashville, Tennessee. He moved with his family to Seaford at the age of nine. He attended school there until 1944. He then attended the Cranbrook School, a private school in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
Stabler graduated from Princeton University in 1952 and the University of Virginia Law School in 1954. He then returned to Delaware to practice law.
Political career.
Stabler was appointed as a deputy attorney general in 1961. In 1965, he was elected to the Delaware House of Representatives. He was re-elected in 1966 and 1968 and served as majority leader during his second term of office.
In 1970, Stabler was elected as the Attorney General of Delaware. He served a single term from 1971 until 1975. Following his tenure as Attorney General, Stabler was appointed as the U.S. Attorney for Delaware by President Gerald Ford in 1975. He served in that capacity until 1977.
Stabler served as the Republican National Committeeman for Delaware from 1985 until 2005.
Illness and Death.
Stabler was diagnosed with oral cancer in 2005. He underwent two surgeries and the cancer went into remission. However, the cancer returned in 2007. He died on February 24, 2008 at the age of 77. He was survived by his wife, Peg.


George de Swiet

George de Swiet (23 February 1888 – 23 September 1951) was a Polish doctor and politician active in England, where he served on London County Council.
Born in Poland as George Swietochowski, he studied at various European universities, graduating in medicine from the University of Munich in 1910. He then moved to London, studying at the London Hospital Medical College and King's College Hospital, changing his surname to "de Swietchowski", and later to "de Swiet". From 1912, he practised medicine in London, working at Denmark Hill during World War I. In 1914, he published "Mechano-Therapeutics in General Practice", and he also translated "Heliotherapy of Tuberculosis". After the war, he moved to Paddington, where he practised for the rest of his life.
De Swiet became interested in politics, and joined the Liberal Party, standing unsuccessfully in Paddington North at the 1935 UK general election. He then moved to the Labour Party, and at the 1946 London County Council election, he won a seat in Paddington North. He also served on Paddington Metropolitan Borough Council.
De Swiet was active in the British Medical Association, chairing its Paddington Division, and he also served as honorary president of the Polish Medical Association in the British Empire.


Russell Epstein

Russell Epstein is a professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, who studies neural mechanisms underlying visual scene perception, event perception, object recognition, and spatial navigation in humans. His lab studies the role of the Parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices in determining how people orient themselves relative to their surroundings.
Education.
Epstein received an undergraduate degree in physics at the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. in computer vision with Alan Yuille at Harvard.


InHealth Group

InHealth Group is a health technology company founded in 2004, based in High Wycombe, operating over more than 300 sites across the United Kingdom.
Revenue in 2016-7 was £109.8 million and operating profit was £2.9 million.
Subsidiaries include:
It is a member of the NHS Partners Network and most of its work is for the NHS though it also provides services commercially. It is one of the leading providers of voice prosthesis devices. It provides a wide range of diagnostics and imaging services to the NHS and private hospitals and clinics. It has contracts with many Clinical Commissioning Groups for direct access diagnostics following GP referral. It has a mobile fleet of more than 55 fully mobile diagnostic scanners which can be used for short-term contracts. It runs five walk-in centres for patients in London. It operates a fleet of 184 vehicles from Lex Autolease.
Scanning.
It provides a fully managed MRI service for patients at Kingston Hospital with a 15-year contact worth £35 million.
It runs a scanning service for the British Boxing Board of Control.
In March 2019 it won a contract for PET-CT scanning in Oxford in a tendering exercise conducted by NHS England. The service was previously provided by Churchill Hospital. Governors of Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, local clinicians and campaigners complained that this was inappropriate privatisation, that the company did not have specialist radiographers, and that cancer services at the hospital would be disrupted. The Trust will have to surrender the leases on its two scanners, which will be relocated. Patients may need to be taken to the new locations by ambulance.


David L. Reich

David L. Reich (born February 7, 1960) is an American academic anesthesiologist, who has been President & Chief Operating Officer of The Mount Sinai Hospital, and President of Mount Sinai Queens (both part of the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City), since October 2013.
Reich is the Horace W. Goldsmith Professor of Anesthesiology at the Mount Sinai Medical Center, and from 2004 to 2014 he served as the Chair of the Department of Anesthesiology. In 2011, he received the Physician of the Year Award from Mount Sinai’s nurses and nursing leadership. In 2011-12, he served as President of The Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Board. In 2014, he received the Jacobi Medallion from the Mount Sinai Alumni Association.
Reich was among the first to demonstrate the utility of electronic medical records for large-scale retrospective investigations demonstrating the association of intraoperative hemodynamic abnormalities with adverse postoperative outcomes.
Reich has published over 35 book chapters, 30 invited articles or editorials, and over 130 peer-reviewed articles. He is associate editor of "Kaplan’s Cardiac Anesthesia" (Elsevier), which is in its seventh edition, and was formerly Editor-in-Chief of "Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia: The Journal of Perioperative Medicine". Reich is editor of the text "Monitoring in Anesthesia and Perioperative Care" (Cambridge University Press) and co-editor of the text "Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Companion to Kaplan's Cardiac Anesthesia" (Elsevier), which are in their first editions.
Biography.
Early years and education.
Reich was born and grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he attended Central High School ('77). His parents, who live in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, and were married for 60 years as of 2017, are Mary Lou Reich, a schoolteacher, and Pace Reich, an attorney who is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania Law School and whose practice focuses on bankruptcy, corporate law and commercial litigation. He has two siblings who are attorneys.
He graduated from Pennsylvania State University with a bachelor of science degree with highest distinction in 1980. Reich studied for two months as a medical student in 1980 in Jerusalem, Israel, at the Shaare Zedek Medical Center. He graduated from Jefferson Medical College (Five-Year Penn State-Jefferson Cooperative Program in Medicine) in 1982, becoming a doctor at 22 years of age. He completed two years of general surgery residency at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center in Torrance, California. He considered becoming a surgeon, but decided to focus on anesthesiology.
The Mount Sinai Hospital.
Reich arrived at The Mount Sinai Hospital in 1984. There, he completed an anesthesiology residency and a fellowship in cardiothoracic anesthesia in 1987.
He was appointed Co-Director of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia in 1990. Reich was named Professor of Anesthesiology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in 2004, and is the Horace W. Goldsmith Professor of Anesthesiology. He served as the Chair of the Department of Anesthesiology at Mount Sinai Medical Center from 2004 to 2014. In 2011, he received the Physician of the Year Award from Mount Sinai’s nurses and nursing leadership. In 2011-12, he served as President of The Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Board. In 2014, he received the Jacobi Medallion from the Mount Sinai Alumni Association; it is the highest honor bestowed by the association.
Reich was named Interim President of The Mount Sinai Hospital in January 2013. In October of the same year he was named President & Chief Operating Officer of The Mount Sinai Hospital, and President of Mount Sinai Queens (both part of the Mount Sinai Health System).
Reich announced in March 2020 that the hospital was converting its lobbies into extra patient rooms to "meet the growing volume of patients" suffering from coronavirus.
Research, academia, and publishing.
Reich was among the first to demonstrate the utility of electronic medical records for large-scale retrospective investigations demonstrating the association of intraoperative hemodynamic abnormalities with adverse postoperative outcomes.
His areas of research interest in anesthesiology include medical informatics, cardiac anesthesia, hemodynamic monitoring, outcome effects of intraoperative hemodynamics, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, neurocognitive outcome following thoracic aortic surgery, and practice management.
Reich is associate editor of "Kaplan’s Cardiac Anesthesia" (Elsevier), which is in its seventh edition, and was formerly Editor-in-Chief of "Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia: The Journal of Perioperative Medicine". He is editor of the text "Monitoring in Anesthesia and Perioperative Care" (Cambridge University Press) and co-editor of the text "Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Companion to Kaplan's Cardiac Anesthesia" (Elsevier), which are in their first editions.
Personal.
Reich is Jewish. On November 24, 2002, "The New York Times" reported the commitment ceremony of Reich to Keith Loren Marran, stating that: "Keith Loren Marran Jr. and Dr. David Louis Reich are to celebrate their partnership today with a commitment ceremony at the Bloom Ballroom in Manhattan. Judge Paul G. Feinman of New York City Civil Court in Manhattan will officiate."
Writings.
Reich has published over 35 book chapters, 30 invited articles or editorials, and over 130 peer-reviewed articles.
Partial list:


Emil von Dungern

Baron Emil von Dungern (26 November 1867 – 4 September 1961) was a German internist.
Von Dungern was born in Würzburg and died in Ludwigshafen am Bodensee. In 1910–11, E. von Dungern and Ludwik Hirszfeld discovered the heritability of ABO blood groups.


Max Ettlinger

Max Ettlinger (30 January 1877, in Frankfurt/Main – 12 October 1929, in München) was a German psychologist, philosopher, pedagogist, and aesthetician.


Eric Brunner (epidemiologist)

Eric John Brunner (born July 1953) is professor of social and biological epidemiology and public health at University College London.


Maximiliano Poblete

Maximiliano Poblete (January 7, 1873 – July 12, 1946) was a Chilean politician and physician.


Everlight Radiology

Everlight Radiology is a substantial provider of teleradiology services based in London and Australia.
It was acquired by Teleradiology International, controlled by Intermediate Capital Group, in 2016.
The South Australian Government employed it to report on images at Lyell McEwin Hospital in 2016.
It ran Radiology Reporting Online which secured part of a £3.8 million contract from NHS Scotland in 2017/8. It won a contract for reporting at Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in April 2018.
As it employs radiologists in different time zones it can offer a 24-hour service cheaply. It claims that more than 99% of reports are completed within 1 hour.