Getty kouros

The Getty kouros is an over-life-sized statue in the form of a late archaic Greek kouros. The dolomitic marble sculpture was bought by the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, California, in 1985 for ten million dollars and first exhibited there in October 1986.
Despite initial favourable scientific analysis of the patina and aging of the marble, the question of its authenticity has persisted from the beginning. Subsequent demonstration of an artificial means of creating the de-dolomitization observed on the stone has prompted a number of art historians to revise their opinions of the work. If genuine, it is one of only twelve extant complete kouroi. If fake, it exhibits a high degree of technical and artistic sophistication by an as-yet unidentified forger. Its status remains undetermined: latterly the museum's label read "Greek, about 530 B.C., or modern forgery". In 2018 the statue was removed from public display.
Provenance.
The kouros first appeared on the art market in 1983 when the Basel dealer Gianfranco Becchina offered the work to the Getty's curator of antiquities, Jiří Frel. Frel deposited the sculpture (then in seven pieces) at Pacific Palisades along with a number of documents purporting to attest to the statue's authenticity. These documents traced the provenance of the piece to a collection in Geneva of Dr. Jean Lauffenberger who, it was claimed, had bought it in 1930 from a Greek dealer. No find site or archaeological data was recorded. Amongst the papers was a suspect 1952 letter allegedly from Ernst Langlotz, then the preeminent scholar of Greek sculpture, remarking on the similarity of the kouros to the Anavyssos youth in Athens (NAMA 3851). Later inquiries by the Getty revealed that the postcode on the Langlotz letter did not exist until 1972, and that a bank account mentioned in a 1955 letter to an A.E. Bigenwald regarding repairs on the statue was not opened until 1963. The documentary history of the sculpture was evidently an elaborate fake and therefore there are no reliable facts about its recent history before 1983. At the time of acquisition, the Getty Villa's board of trustees split over the authenticity of the work. Federico Zeri, founding member of board of trustees and appointed by Getty himself, left the board in 1984 after his argument that the Getty kouros was a forgery and should not be bought was rejected.
Stylistic analysis.
The Getty kouros is highly eclectic in style. The development of kouroi as delineated by Gisela Richter suggests the date of the Getty youth diminishes from head to feet: At its top, the hair is braided into a wig-like mass of 14 strands, each of which ends in a triangular point. The closest parallel here is to the Sounion kouros (NAMA 2720) of the late 7th century/early 6th century, which also displays 14 braids, as does the New York kouros (NY Met. 32.11.1). However, the Getty kouros's hair exhibits a rigidity, very unlike the Sounion Group. Descending to the hands, the last joints of the fingers turn in at right angles to the thighs, recalling the Tenea kouros (Munich 168) of the 2nd quarter of the 6th century. Further down, a late archaic naturalism becomes more pronounced in the rendering of the feet similar to kouros No. 12 from the Ptoon sanctuary (Thebes 3), as is the broad oval plinth which in turn is comparable to a base found on the Acropolis. Both Ptoon 12 and the Acropolis base are assigned to the Group of Anavyssos-Ptoon 12 and dated to the third quarter of the 6th century. Anachronizing elements are not unknown in authentic kouroi, but the disparity of up to a century is a strikingly unusual feature of the Getty sculpture.
Technical analysis.
Despite being of Thasian marble, the kouros cannot be securely ascribed to an individual workshop of northern Greece nor indeed to any ancient regional school of sculpture. Archaic kouroi conform to a canon of measurement and proportion (albeit with strong local accents) to which the Getty example also adheres; a comparison of like elements in other kouroi is both a test of authenticity and additional clue to the origin of the sculpture. There is little in the tool marks, carving methods and detailing to contradict an ancient origin of the piece. Although there is a small sample with which to compare (some 200 fragments and only twelve complete statues of the same type) there are atypical aspects of the Getty work that may be observed. The oval plinth is an unusual shape and larger than in other examples, suggesting the figure was free-standing rather than fixed with lead in a separate base. Also, the ears are not symmetrical: they are at different heights with the left oblong and the right rounder, implying the sculptor was using two distinct schema or none at all. Furthermore, there are a number of flaws in the marble, most prominently on the forehead, which the sculptor has worked around by parting the hair curls at the centre; ancient examples survive of projects being abandoned by sculptors when such flaws in the stone were revealed.
Perhaps the most striking evidence suggestive of the kouros's antiquity is a subtlety regarding the direction of motion of the figure. Even though the youth presents square to the viewer, all kouroi have understated indicators of a turn either to the left or the right depending on where they were originally placed in the temple sanctuary; i.e., they would seem to turn towards the naos. In the case of the Getty youth the left foot is parallel with the step axis of the right foot rather than turning outwards as would occur if the figure were moving directly forwards. Therefore, the statue is making motion toward his right, which Ilse Kleemann asserts is "one of the strongest pieces of evidence of its authenticity". Other features that suggest a similarity with known originals include the helicoid curls of the hair, closest in form to the west Cyclidian Kea kouros (NAMA 3686), the Corinthian form of the hands and the sloping shoulders akin to the Tenea kouros and the broad plinth and feet comparable to the Attic or Cyclidian Ptoon 12. That the Getty kouros cannot be identified with any one local atelier does not disqualify it as a genuine, but if real it admits a lectio difficilior into the corpus of archaic sculpture.
Some indication of tool marks remain on the work. Though the surface is weathered (or artificially abraded) and it is not clear if emery was used, there are heavy claw marks on the plinth and the use of a point in some of the finer detailing. For example, there are point marks in the outline of the curls, between the fingers and in the cleft of the buttocks, also traces of the point in the arches of the feet and at random over the plinth. Though the tools evident here (fine point, slope chisel, claw chisel) are not inappropriate for a late 6th century sculpture their application might be problematic. Stelios Triantis remarks, "no sculptor of kouroi would hollow out with a fine point, nor incise outlines with this tool".
In 1990, Dr. Jeffrey Spier published the discovery of a kouros torso, a certain forgery that exhibited notable technical similarities to the Getty kouros. After samples were taken that determined the fake torso was of the same dolomitic marble as the Getty piece the torso was purchased by the museum for study purposes. The fake's sloping shoulders and upper arms, volume of chest, rendering of the hands and genitals all suggest the same hand as the Getty's example, although the aging had been crudely done with an acid bath and the application of iron oxide. Further investigation has shown the torso and the kouros are not from the same block and the sculpting techniques are dramatically different (down to the use of power tools on the torso). Their relationship if any is still to be determined.
Archaeometry.
The Getty commissioned two scientific studies on which it based its decision to buy the statue. The first was by Norman Herz, a professor of geology at the University of Georgia, who measured the carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, and traced the stone to the island of Thasos. The marble was found to have a composition of 88% dolomite and 12% calcite, by x-ray diffraction. His isotopic analysis revealed that δ18O = -2.37 and δ13C = +2.88, which from database comparison admitted one of five possible sources: Denizli, Doliana, Marmara, Mylasa, or Thasos-Acropolis. Further, trace element analysis of the kouros eliminated Denizli. With the high dolomite content Thasos was determined to be the likeliest source with a 90% probability. The second test was by Stanley Margolis, a geology professor at the University of California at Davis. He showed that the dolomite surface of the sculpture had undergone a process called de-dolomitization, in which the magnesium content had been leached out, leaving a crust of calcite, along with other minerals. Margolis determined that this process could occur only over the course of many centuries and under natural conditions, and therefore could not be duplicated by a forger.
In the early 1990s, the marine chemist Miriam Kastner produced an experimental result which cast doubt on Margolis's thesis by artificially inducing de-dolomitization in the laboratory, a result since confirmed by Margolis. Although this does admit the possibility that the kouros was synthetically aged by a forger, the procedure is a complicated and time-consuming one. The unlikeliness of a forger using such experimental methods in what is still an uncertain science has prompted the Getty's antiquities conservator to remark "when you consider a forger actually repeating the procedure you begin to leave the realm of practicality".


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Gale Sondergaard

Gale Sondergaard (born Edith Holm Sondergaard; February 15, 1899 – August 14, 1985) was an American actress.
Sondergaard began her acting career in theater and progressed to films in 1936. She was the first recipient of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her film debut in "Anthony Adverse" (1936). She regularly played supporting roles in films during the late 1930s and 1940s, including "The Cat and the Canary" (1939), "The Mark of Zorro" (1940) and "The Letter" (1940). For her role in "Anna and the King of Siam" (1946), she was nominated for her second Best Supporting Actress Academy Award. After the late 1940s, her screen work came to an abrupt end for the next 20 years.
Married to the director Herbert Biberman, Sondergaard supported him when he was accused of communism and named as one of the Hollywood Ten in the early 1950s. She moved with Biberman to New York City and worked in theatre, and acted in film and television occasionally from the late 1960s. She moved back to Los Angeles where she died from cerebrovascular thrombosis.
Early life.
She was born Edith Holm Sondergaard on February 15, 1899, in Litchfield, Minnesota, to Danish immigrants, Hans Sondergaard (born Hans Tjellesen Schmidt Søndergaard) and Anna Kirstine Søndergaard (born Holm). Her father taught at the University of Minnesota, where she was a drama student.
Stage and film career.
Until the late-1940s.
She studied acting at the Minneapolis School of Dramatic Arts before joining the John Keller Shakespeare Company. She later toured North America in productions of "Hamlet", "Julius Caesar", "The Merchant of Venice," and "Macbeth". After becoming a member of the Theatre Guild, she began performing on the New York stage.
Sondergaard made her first film appearance in "Anthony Adverse" (1936) as Faith Paleologus and became the first recipient of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. Her career as an actress flourished during the 1930s, including a role with Paul Muni in "The Life of Emile Zola" (1937).
During pre-production of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's classic "The Wizard of Oz" (1939), an early idea was to have the Wicked Witch of the West portrayed as a slinky, glamorous villainess in a black, sequined costume, inspired by the Evil Queen in Walt Disney's "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (1937). Sondergaard originally was cast as the witch and was photographed for two wardrobe tests, both of which survive. One was as a glamorous wicked witch and another as a conventionally ugly wicked witch. After the decision was made to have an ugly wicked witch, Sondergaard, reluctant to wear the disfiguring makeup and fearing it could damage her career, withdrew from the role, and it went to veteran character actress Margaret Hamilton. Sondergaard was, however, cast as the sultry and slinky Tylette (a magically humanized but devious cat) in "The Blue Bird" (1940).
Around the same time, she played the role of the exotic, sinister wife in "The Letter" (also 1940), a film starring Bette Davis. She featured in a supporting role in "The Spider Woman" (aka "Sherlock Holmes and the Spider Woman", 1943), part of the Universal cycle, followed by the non-canonical "The Spider Woman Strikes Back" (1946), also for Universal.
She received a second Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress for her role as the king's principal wife in "Anna and the King of Siam" (1946).
House Un-American Activities Committee.
Sondergaard's career suffered irreparable damage during the United States Congressional HUAC Red Scare of the early 1950s when her husband was accused of being a communist and named as one of the Hollywood Ten. (In the 2000 movie "One of the Hollywood Ten", Sondergaard was portrayed by actress Greta Scacchi while Jeff Goldblum was cast as Biberman.) With her career stalled, she supported her husband during the production of "Salt of the Earth" (1954).
"One of the Hollywood Ten" (2000) chronicled Sondergaard's relationship with Biberman and her role in the making of "Salt of the Earth". The Bibermans sold their home in Hollywood shortly after they completed "Salt of the Earth", and moved to New York where Sondergaard was able to work in theatre.
Later career.
In 1969, she appeared in an off-Broadway one-woman show entitled "Woman". Sondergaard resumed her career in film and television around the same time. Her revived career extended into the early 1980s.
Personal life.
Her younger sister Hester Sondergaard was also an actress who featured in "Seeds of Freedom" (1943) "The Naked City" (1948) and "Jigsaw" (1949) and "The Big Break" (1953).
Sondergaard first married in 1922 to actor Neill O'Malley; they divorced in 1930. On May 15, 1930, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, she married Herbert Biberman, a theater director then associated with the Theatre Guild Acting Company; he became a film director and died in 1971. They adopted two children, Joan Kirstine Biberman (married name Campos, 1940-1965, suicide)) and Daniel Hans Biberman (b. 1941).
Following several strokes, she died from cerebral vascular thrombosis in the Motion Picture and Television Hospital in Woodland Hills, California, in 1985, aged 86. She had been admitted to the hospital in 1982.


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Big River Radio

Big River Radio was a local radio station in Balclutha, New Zealand broadcasting a local breakfast show. The 92.9 FM frequency covered central Balclutha, while the 93.7 FM frequency could be heard throughout the South Otago and Northern Southland area (including Gore).
The station was first started in 1992 as way of rebroadcasting Dunedin's 4XO to the Balclutha region as the hilly geographic location of the township means Dunedin radio stations can not be picked up clearly in Balclutha. The station initially was limited to just a local show on Saturday mornings from a clients premises but after a permanent studio was built the station extended local programming to 7am - 12pm weekdays with 4XO relayed outside these times. In 1999 the stations owner Radio Otago was sold to RadioWorks and in 2000 local programming was extended to 4pm each weekday and 7am - 12pm weekends.
In 2004 RadioWorks rebranded most of its local stations as More FM but Big River Radio was not affected by this change.
Since 2009 the station was known on air as More FM's Big River Radio during local programming and played exactly the same songs in the same sequence as the other More FM stations. All other times the station relayed Dunedin's 97.4 More FM with Dunedin advertising. Previous award-winning breakfast host Brad Jeffrey left the station in November 2010 to take on the role of Operations Manager and 10-2 host at Times FM in Orewa, before returning to the station in November 2013.
As of 2018 the station is now known as More FM Balclutha and contains no local programming. The station is now separate from More FM in Dunedin and runs different network shows to those heard in Dunedin.


Sam Jaffe

Shalom "Sam" Jaffe (March 10, 1891 – March 24, 1984) was an American actor, teacher, musician, and engineer. In 1951, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in "The Asphalt Jungle" (1950) and appeared in other classic films such as "Ben-Hur" (1959) and "The Day the Earth Stood Still" (1951). He is also remembered for other outstanding performances such as the title role in "Gunga Din" (1939) and the High Lama in "Lost Horizon" (1937).
Early life.
Jaffe was born to Russian Jewish parents Heida (Ada) and Barnett Jaffe at 97 Orchard Street (current location of the Lower East Side Tenement Museum) in New York City, New York. He grew up bilingual in Russian and English (as evidenced in his part in "Stage Door Canteen" (1943)). His mother was a Yiddish actress in Odessa, Ukraine, prior to moving to the United States; his father was a jeweller. He was the youngest of four children; his siblings were Abraham, Sophie, and Annie. As a child, he appeared in Yiddish theatre productions with his mother, who after moving to the United States became a prominent actress and vaudeville star. He graduated from Townsend Harris High School and studied engineering at City College of New York, graduating in 1912. He later attended Columbia University for graduate studies. He also worked for several years as a teacher, and then dean, of mathematics at the Bronx Cultural Institute, a college preparatory school, before returning to acting in 1915.
Career.
As a young man, he lived in Greenwich Village in the same apartment building as a young John Huston. The two men became good friends and remained so for life. Jaffe was later to star in two of Huston's films: "The Asphalt Jungle" and "The Barbarian and the Geisha". Jaffe's closest friends included Zero Mostel, Edward G. Robinson, Ray Bradbury, and Igor Stravinsky. In 1923 he appeared in the Broadway premiere of "God of Vengeance (Got fun Nekome)" by Sholem Asch, as Reb Ali. The production became notorious after the cast, producer, and theatre owner were indicted and found guilty on charges of indecency in May 1923. Jaffe began to work in film in 1934, rising to prominence with his very first role as the mad Tsar Peter III in "The Scarlet Empress". In 1938, Jaffe was forty-seven years old when he played the title role of water "boy" "Gunga Din".
Jaffe was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses during the 1950s, supposedly for being a communist sympathizer. Despite this, he was hired first by Robert Wise for "The Day the Earth Stood Still" and then by director William Wyler for his role in the 1959 Academy Award-winning version of "Ben-Hur".
Jaffe co-starred in the ABC television series, "Ben Casey" as Dr. David Zorba from 1961 to 1965 alongside Vince Edwards. He also made many guest-starring roles on other series, including "Batman" as Mr. Zoltan Zorba, and the Western "Alias Smith and Jones". In 1975, he co-starred as a retired doctor who is murdered by Janet Leigh in the "Columbo" episode "Forgotten Lady". He also appeared with an all-star cast in the TV pilot film of Rod Serling's "Night Gallery" and as Emperor Norton in one episode of "Bonanza".
Personal life and death.
Jaffe was married to American operatic soprano and musical comedy star Lillian Taiz from 1926 until her death from cancer in 1941.
In 1956, he married actress Bettye Ackerman, 33 years his junior, with whom he later co-starred in "Ben Casey". She died on November 20, 2006. He had no children from either marriage.
A Democrat, Jaffe supported the campaign of Adlai Stevenson II during the 1952 presidential election.
Jaffe died of cancer in Beverly Hills, California two weeks after his 93rd birthday. He was cremated at the Pasadena Crematory in Altadena, California, and his ashes were given to his surviving wife, Bettye, which were later buried with her at Williston Cemetery in Williston, South Carolina, upon her death in 2006.


The New Zealand Charity and Legal Gazette

The New Zealand Charity and Legal Gazette was an annual compendium of organisations and bodies dedicated to the betterment of humankind, the animal world and the environment. First published in 1975 under the editorship of Wellington lawyer George Joseph, the editorship then passed to journalist Nadoo Balantine Scott and, in 2001, to broadcaster and publisher Michael Woolf, who introduced an online supplement - the "New Zealand Charity and Legal Internet Gazette" - in 2003.
The "New Zealand Charity and Legal Gazette" magazine was distributed gratis to every law practice in New Zealand, and to the offices of the Public Trust, Guardian Trust, Perpetual Trustees, banks and other interested parties. It was primarily used by the legal profession to help donors in an understanding of the roles and ethos of each listed organisation.
The Gazette ceased publication in 2016, following the death of editor and publisher Michael Woolf.
References.
"Books Published: The New Zealand Charity and Legal Gazette" (The New Zealand Law Society)


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Thillu Mullu

Thillu Mullu () is a 1981 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by K. Balachander and written by Visu. A remake of the 1979 Hindi film "Gol Maal", it stars Rajinikanth, with Thengai Srinivasan, Nagesh, Poornam Vishwanathan, Sowcar Janaki, Madhavi and Viji Chandrasekhar in supporting roles. The film is about Chandran, who lies to his boss to get a leave but gets caught. To save his job, he is forced to pretend to his boss that he has a twin brother.
"Thillu Mullu" was released on 1 May 1981. Critics particularly praised Rajinikanth's performance, as he was known for doing mainly action films up until that point in his career. A remake of the same name was released in 2013.
Plot.
Aiyampettai Arivudainambi Kaliyaperumal Chandran is a graduate in search of his first job. He and his sister Uma have no relatives or acquaintances except their doctor/family friend. The doctor advises him to attend an interview for a job at his friend Sriramachandramurthy's import-export company, Sarojini Traders. Sriramachandramurthy is a man of traditional values: he hates youths wearing modern clothes. He is a sports fan but thinks lowly of youths knowing anything about sports. He dislikes men without moustaches as he believes such men are characterless.
Chandran, however, has a moustache; the doctor advises Chandran to take care of the other problems by acting in a manner Sriramachandramurthy appreciates: namely wearing a Nehru jacket for a usual dress given the poverty in the country, to always tell his full name, giving importance to his moustache, behaving decently, showing a lack of interest in sports and drama considering that they do not promote any well being to the home or the country, respecting one's parents and detesting the concept of having someone else recommend a person for jobs instead of recommending for oneself. Sriramachandramurthy hires him immediately after Chandran impresses him.
One day, Chandran takes leave by pretending that his mother, who actually died many years ago, has taken ill and goes to watch a football match. Sriramachandramurthy, who attends the match as well, sees him there. The next day, Sriramachandramurthy queries Chandran about what he witnessed. To escape from the ire of his boss and being fired from his first job, he decides to lie. Remembering the plot of a film his friend, actor Nagesh is shooting, Chandran convinces Sriramachandramurthy that he had seen his moustache-less identical twin Indran at the stadium. Sriramachandramurthy buys his argument and feels bad about accusing him. He makes amends by hiring "Indran" to teach his daughter Sarojini music.
Chandran is forced to lead a dual life: as a sincere hardworking employee under his real name, and as Sarojini's music teacher Indran; subsequently, Sarojini and "Indran" fall in love. Things takes an unexpected turn when Sriramachandramurthy asks Chandran to meet his mother. Chandran, with Nagesh's help, requests a wealthy socialite, Meenakshi Duraiswamy to pose as Chandran's widowed mother. Chandran ultimately tells Sarojini the truth. Sarojini tells him to tell Sriramachandramurthy as well. Chandran goes to Sriramachandramurthy, but Sriramachandramurthy sees Chandran's moustache giving away. Sriramachandramurthy exposes Chandran but ends up thinking that Indran murdered Chandran and impersonated him to marry Sarojini. He then chases Chandran across the city via car to kill him. Due to his rash driving, he seemingly cripples Uma during the chase.
Sriramachandramurthy is sued by lawyer Charuhasan on Chandran's behalf for injuring Uma. Sriramachandramurthy is, for the most part, scared during the lawyer's monologue, but eventually realises that he is being fooled again — this time by Charuhasan, who is actually an actor hired by Chandran, while Uma was not actually crippled in the chase. At this point, all the main characters approach Sriramachandramurthy and tell him the truth. A visibly confused and shaken Sriramachandramurthy locks himself in a room, and comes out with his moustache shaved off, feeling that he does not need something which caused so much trouble. Sriramachandramurthy then laments to a picture of Muruga about his foolishness. As he does so, the picture of Muruga changes into that of Ganesha; the voice of Ganesha apologises to him as he was also involved in fooling him.
Cast.
Additionally, Lakshmi ,Visu,Y. Vijaya and Pratap Pothen make cameo appearances as themselves, while Kamal Haasan cameos as Charuhasan.
Production.
In June 1980, it was announced that Rajinikanth and Madhavi would star in the Tamil remake of the Hindi film "Gol Maal", with K. Balachander directing. The film, which would later be titled "Thillu Mullu", was Rajinikanth's first full-length comedy film. He initially doubted whether he would be able to pull off a comedy film, and instead suggested that Balachander consider an established comedian like Nagesh; Balachander refused since he wanted a hero, not a comedian, and Balachander assured that he would guide him through the process. Rajinikanth hoped that people, who considered him to be made for "rough roles", would change their perspective after seeing the film; he accepted the film due to Balachander's suggestion that he should do try to break the stereotyped action hero mould for which he was known at the time. Rajinikanth was initially reluctant to shave his moustache to portray his character, given the success he had with it but ultimately did so, making "Thillu Mullu" the first film which featured him without one. It was also Rajinikanth and Balachander's last film together.
Thengai Srinivasan was recruited to play Sriramachandramurthy. Balachander recalled, "Normally I try to get all actors to modulate the dialogue in a particular manner but for this character I wanted Thengai to do it in his style, so instead of teaching him, I asked him how he would like to do the scene and then developed on it. I wanted him to play it as a character and not as a comedian for I felt that the humour would come out on its own through his unique body language and dialogue delivery". Nagesh appeared as himself. Viji Chandrasekhar made her acting debut with this film, playing the sister of Chandran. The character is a skater, and Balachander cast her as such after noticing her carrying roller skates. At Balachander's insistence, Kamal Haasan made a cameo appearance as Charuhasan, an actor posing as a lawyer in the climax of the film. During the film's shooting, Rajinikanth met his future wife Latha, then a student of Ethiraj College for Women, who went to interview him for her college magazine. Some scenes were also shot at Janaki's house at Cenotaph Road.
The screenplay was written by Visu. B. S. Lokanath and N. R. Kittu were recruited as cinematographer and editor respectively. The film was produced by P. R. Govindarajan and J. Duraisamy under Kalakendra Movies.
Themes.
Film critic Naman Ramachandran identifies one scene where Chandran pulls a prank on the doctor who then remarks that whatever else he accomplishes in life he will always be a good actor, as a "meta" moment. He also identified the name of Haasan's character Charuhasan as a reference to Haasan's real-life brother, and the scene where Charuhasan incites several legal points actually incorporate the titles of many hit films of Haasan.
Soundtrack.
The film's music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan, with lyrics by Kannadasan. The songs "Raagangal Pathinaaru" is set in the Carnatic raga known as Abheri.
Release and reception.
"Thillu Mullu" was released on 1 May 1981, and received positive reviews. The review board of "Ananda Vikatan", in a review dated 24 May 1981, gave the film a B rating, equal to 45 out of 100. "Tribune" stated in 1982, "It is not often that Producer/Director K. Balachandar launches out on films in lighter vein, and this film is one such all revealing exception, of his deft touch in this field too." "70 Years of Indian Cinema, 1913–1983" by T. M. Ramachandran and S. Rukmini described "Thillu Mullu" as one of Balachander's "best comedies that provide perennial delight". "Thillu Mullu" was released on VCD by Moser Baer on 10 April 2007, and on DVD by the same company on 31 July 2007.
Legacy.
On the centenary of Indian cinema in April 2013, "Forbes India" included the performances of Rajinikanth and Thengai Sreenivasan in the film on its list, "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema". On 1 July 2013, coinciding with International Joke Day, actors and writers of comedy were asked to name their favourite film. Comedian and film critic Bosskey named "Thillu Mullu" as his favourite comedy film, stating: "Thengaai Srinivasan is my all-time favourite. [..] and the interview scene in "Thillu Mullu" can enliven any boring day".
Remake.
"Thillu Mullu" was remade in 2013 with the same title. The remake was directed by Badri and starred Shiva playing Rajinikanth's character and Prakash Raj playing Srinivasan's character. It featured re-worked versions of the title song and "Raagangal Pathinaaru". The remake was a box-office failure. In an interview with "IndiaGlitz" in 2016, Visu expressed dissatisfaction with the remake.


Kordia

Kordia is a New Zealand government-owned broadcast and telecommunications company, operating in Australia and New Zealand. It provides national communications services for broadcast and telecommunications customers in New Zealand, as well as specialised network systems. New Zealand customers include: Vodafone New Zealand, 2degrees, Sky Television, TVNZ, Mediaworks, Radio New Zealand, Spark New Zealand, Freeview, and The Radio Network. In Australia, Kordia provides contracting and consulting services for major telecommunications players, including Telstra, Optus, Vodafone and Hutchison.
The New Zealand Kordia network is based primarily on digital microwave technology. The company also has access to a number of fibre networks running between Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. Part of Kordia's 60 year heritage is the nationwide network of transmission towers that was built by the company in its various iterations, including: NZBC, Television New Zealand, BCL and now Kordia. In 2007, Kordia upgraded its high sites to build the digital terrestrial television (DTT) platform, which now hosts Freeview (Free-to-air digital television in New Zealand).
As well as use of licensed point-to-point microwave network links, Kordia also owns a variety of radio spectrum usage rights, including frequencies suitable for television and radio broadcast. Kordia also owns and operates a point-to-multipoint CDMA-based network for wireless broadband and WiMax technologies.
History.
In November 2006, the business (THL Group, BCL - formerly known as Broadcast Communications Limited, THLA, AAPCS) was rebranded to Kordia. The name “Kordia” is derived from the Latin word “accordia”, meaning “harmony”. The New Zealand business was formed as a subsidiary of Television New Zealand Ltd (TVNZ) on 1 July 1989 (as BCL) and was sold off as a separate entity in 2003.
Kordia operates the digital television platforms in New Zealand – digital terrestrial television (DTT) and direct-to-home (DTH-satellite), including:
TVNZ
Discovery New Zealand
Māori Television
Sky Television
Other Nationwide Stations
Regional Stations
Radio Networks
Kordia's nearly 400 high sites are available for co-location. This allows the introduction of other network operators' equipment into these strategic sites. Analogue television was switched off in 2013 as part of the move to digital TV broadcasting.
Today.
Kordia competes and co-operates with other operators of physical (layer 1) telecommunication network providers such as Spark New Zealand, Vodafone New Zealand and Transpower New Zealand Limited (the national grid operator). Kordia has trialled DVB in New Zealand and DAB in New Zealand and Australia.
Kordia owns and operates New Zealand’s third largest telecommunications network – by geographical reach.
In early 2007, Kordia announced that it had signed a distribution agreement with RoamAD for the distribution of RoamAD metro Wi-Fi networks throughout New Zealand.
Kordia acquired Orcon Internet on 2 July 2007, and sold it in April 2013.
On 7 September 2007, Kordia launched Kordia Metro WiFi, an unbundled open access network of metro Wi-Fi hotzones.
In 2011, Kordia announced that it is the first company in New Zealand to achieve the Microsoft SIP Trunking qualification for Microsoft Lync.
In 2012, Kordia has launched a new data transit service from New Zealand to Asia, allowing Kiwi businesses to access the lowest latency route to Microsoft’s Office 365 cloudbased productivity tools.


Grey Owl (film)

Grey Owl is a 1999 biopic directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Pierce Brosnan in the role of real-life British schoolboy turned Native American trapper "Grey Owl", Archibald Belaney (1888–1938), and Annie Galipeau as his wife Anahareo, with brief appearances by Graham Greene and others. The screenplay was written by William Nicholson. The film was released on 10 September 1999 in Spain and 15 February 2000 in US. It was the last film made by Largo Entertainment before it went defunct in 1999.
Plot.
Archibald Belaney (Brosnan) was a British man who grew up fascinated with Native American culture—so much so that in the early 1900s he left the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for Canada, where he reinvented himself as Archie Grey Owl and pretended to be a Native American who was a trapper. Eventually, Belaney becomes an environmentalist after renouncing trapping and hunting.
Production.
The film was shot in the English town of Hastings, Quebec towns Chelsea and Wakefield, Jacques Cartier Park and Saskatchewan's Prince Albert National Park.
Director Richard Attenborough said in an interview that he and his brother, noted presenter and naturalist David Attenborough, had attended "Grey Owl's" De Montfort Hall, Leicester lecture in 1936, depicted in the film, and been influenced by his advocacy of conservation. The musical group Northern Cree Singers is featured in the soundtrack.
In a segment for his show, Tom Green went to the press conference of the film where he serenaded and kissed Pierce Brosnan. Brosnan, thinking Green was a journalist, advised him not to give up his day job.
Release.
The film opened 1 October 1999 on 70 screens in Canada.
The film premiered on video in the United States on 15 February 2000. It eventually opened on 3 November 2000 in the United Kingdom.
Critical reception.
The film was met with negative reviews, and has a 'rotten' 17% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. William Gallagher of the BBC said, "if you like cuddly animals or you fancy Pierce Brosnan, you're in luck".
The film won one Genie Award at the 20th Genie Awards, in the category of Best Costume Design for Renée April.
Box office.
"Grey Owl" flopped at the box office upon its limited release grossing $162,360 in its opening weekend in Canada and a total of $632,617 against its $30 million budget.


PopCatcher

PopCatcher is a Swedish audio research company founded in 2000. In 2002, they patented a software that is able to distinguish between music, DJ talks and commercials. The main application of this software is for ripping songs from FM broadcasts.
In December 2007, PopCatcher released a product in Europe, again causing several technology weblogs such as Engadget and Gizmodo to mention it. The product enables ripping songs from FM broadcasts into any portable mp3 player. The product name is The Ripper, in Scandinavia, and branded The Rebel by Intempo digital for the rest of Europe. It has a FM radio which saves up to 40 songs as MP3 files and removes DJ chat and adverts. The product can download the songs directly to an iPod, MP3 player or music mobile phone.


Blood Drive (video game)

Blood Drive is a vehicular combat video game for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, developed by Sidhe, published by Activision, and released worldwide in November 2010.
Plot.
Inspired by bloodsport gameshow concepts like "Death Race 2000", the 'Death Watch' from Platinum Games "MadWorld", zombie fiction such as "World War Z" and the concept of humans & zombies learning to live together, "Fido", "Shaun of the Dead" ; Blood Drive uncommonly takes place in the aftermath decades of a zombie apocalypse.
Entertainers in the fictional desert city of Las Ruletas have stumbled upon a tourism goldmine with the advent of the titular death sport 'Blood Drive'. The desert gambling resort sees champion 'Blood Drivers' compete for glory using muscle cars, big rigs, and even a dune buggy and an ambulance fitted with spikes and guns. The aim is to stay alive inside a hostile zombie-infested environment while also attempting to destroy opponent vehicles.
Players are introduced during a growth period for the sport, enjoying enough success in the post-apocalypse to see its evolution into a televised game show, with larger than life celebrity contestants, vast derelict cities transformed into arenas and all the fortune and glory expected of such a gambling mecca.
Gameplay.
The player selects one of eight vehicles to drive and has to kill other players, while being attacked by zombies. The game features six expanded arenas in total. Multiplayer supports up to four players. The player will compete against other drivers in a tournament, and will complete different types of events. The players objectives will occasionally change. There are six main events, which feature different goals. The player will also be able to race, and will be able to kill other racers. The player has access to pick-ups including weaponry, health, and speed boosts. Killing a large number of zombies will activate the player's Rage Powers.
Reception.
The game received negative reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.


Telisha

Telisha (Hebrew: ) is one of two cantillation marks found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible. There are two versions of the Telisha: "Telisha ketana" () and "Telisha gedola" (), the latter of which has a longer melody and higher peak. The Telisha trope can occur independently or can follow a Pazer or one of several other trope sounds. The Telisha ketana must be followed by a Kadma.
The Hebrew word translates into English as "detached". This is because they are never linked to the following note as a single phrase. refers to "little" (the shorter note) and to "great" (the longer note).
The Telisha gedola can be found in the Torah 266 times. The Telisha ketana occurs 451 times.
Melody.
While the names "Telisha Ketana" and "Telisha Gedola" are 6 syllables each, they are usually applied to words with far fewer syllables, often just one. In one-syllable words, only the notes leading to and from the peak are included. In multiple-syllable words, the additional syllables are recited at the level of the first note leading up to the peak.


Van Williams

Van Zandt Jarvis Williams (February 27, 1934 – November 28, 2016) was an American actor best known for his leading role as Kenny Madison in both Warner Bros. television detective series "Bourbon Street Beat" (1959–1960) and its sequel, "Surfside 6" (1960–1962). He teamed for one season with Bruce Lee as his partner Kato, in the television series "The Green Hornet", which was broadcast during the 1966–1967 season.
Early life.
Williams was born in Fort Worth, Texas, the son of Priscilla Anne (Jarvis) and Bernard Cardwell Williams. He grew up on a ranch outside Fort Worth and later studied animal husbandry and business at Texas Christian University. He moved to Hawaii in 1956 after differences with his father on how the ranch should be run.
Career.
A diving instructor in Hawaii in 1956, Williams was discovered there in 1957 by producer Mike Todd, who urged him to come to Hollywood. Williams recalled, "Todd liked the look of me and said I should try the acting business, but added, 'First, boy, go back to college and get your degree.' I followed his advice, took my degree in business administration and then wandered into Hollywood."
Todd died in a plane crash in 1958, but Williams took vocal and acting lessons. He managed to get cast in an episode of "General Electric Theatre" and was seen by executives from Warner Bros., who signed him to a contract in 1959. "I stumbled into the business, unknown and untrained," he says. "I was really lucky."
"Bourbon Street Beat" and "Surfside Six".
Williams guest starred on episodes of "General Electric Theater", "Lawman", and "Colt .45".
His big break came as co-star of the television series "Bourbon Street Beat", which was set in New Orleans. The show aired during the 1959–1960 season; his co-stars were Andrew Duggan, Richard Long, and Arlene Howell.
Williams appeared in "Tall Story" (1960), in which he stepped naked out of the men's locker room shower.
"Bourbon Street Beat" was axed after one season, but Williams' character, Kenny Madison, was recycled into the "Surfside 6" television series in the same time slot, with new colleagues played by Troy Donahue, Lee Patterson, Diane McBain, and Margarita Sierra. The series lasted until 1962.
During the run of these series, Williams occasionally guest-starred on other Warners shows, such as "Cheyenne", "77 Sunset Strip", and "Hawaiian Eye". He appeared in a Warners anti-communist propaganda short "Red Nightmare" (1962). Williams also starred in a television pilot titled "The Leathernecks" that was shown as an episode of "The Gallant Men."
Williams had a supporting role in "The Caretakers" (1963).
"The Tycoon".
Williams was series regular Pat Burns in "The Tycoon" with Walter Brennan. After his Warner Brothers contract lapsed in 1964, Williams worked in television commercials and guest appearances on various television series such as "The Dick Van Dyke Show", "The Beverly Hillbillies", "Preview Tonight", and "The Milton Berle Show".
"The Green Hornet".
In 1966, ABC-TV had William Dozier revive George W. Trendle's famous radio character in a new series, "The Green Hornet". Van Williams signed with 20th Century-Fox to portray the mysterious masked hero and his alter ego, newspaper editor Britt Reid (son of Dan Reid, Jr. who was the nephew of John Reid, a.k.a. "The Lone Ranger" although The Lone Ranger was not given that as his official true identity name).
Williams played the role straight, unlike the comedy approach of the same producer's "Batman" show. He and co-star Bruce Lee also made three guest appearances, in character, on "Batman", first in a "batclimb" cameo, ("The Spell of Tut", 9/28/1966), and later in a two-part episode ().
By the time he starred in "The Green Hornet", Williams had become successful investing in various commercial ventures; a "TV Guide" profile of 1966, titled "Banker with a Sting", characterized him as "your friendly neighborhood tycoon."
Williams later said "By the time "The Green Hornet" came along, I had pretty well decided to get out of the television business. About the only thing I enjoyed about those years was the location work. Basically I'm a shy person. I know that public appearances and autographs and all that are a necessary part of the business, but it wasn't for me."
Post-"Green Hornet".
After "The Green Hornet" ended, Williams guest starred on shows such as "The Big Valley", "Mannix", "Love, American Style", "Nanny and the Professor", "Ironside", "", "Apple's Way", "Gunsmoke", and "The Manhunter".
Williams returned to the lead in a regular series with "Westwind" (1975), a children's adventure series.
He was in a TV movie "The Runaways" (1975), and guest-starred on "Bert D'Angelo/Superstar", "The Red Hand Gang ", "Barnaby Jones", "A Twist in the Tale", "The Streets of San Francisco", "How the West Was Won", "Colorado C.I.", "Centennial", "The Night Rider", "Mrs. Columbo" and "The Rockford Files".
Retirement.
Williams retired from acting in 1982 to open a communications company in Santa Monica, California that leases time on six two-way radio repeater stations. Williams was also a longtime reserve deputy sheriff with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department and worked at the substation in Malibu, California.
He turned down the offer of a role in "Falcon Crest", because it involved too much location shooting.
In 1993, Williams made a cameo in "" as a director of "The Green Hornet".
In 2010, the filmmakers of the 2011 "Green Hornet" film adaptation had wanted him to make a cameo appearance as a cemetery guard, but Williams turned it down.
Williams stated he did not care much for acting, citing some reasons being his resentment toward the people in the industry and their unfair method of going about things. He was also wary of typecasting, pointing to examples of failures it caused in people's acting careers, such as the case of George Reeves when he became too affiliated with his portrayal of "Superman". This also became one of his concerns when playing "The Green Hornet". Another concern was its strong similarity to "Batman", but he claimed that because William Morris, his agent, wanted him to do it, he did it. He also stated that his only interest in acting was taking it up as a business rather than to gain celebrity status.
Personal life and death.
Williams married Vicki Flaxman in 1959. Together they had two children, and one from Vicki's prior marriage. He had nine grandchildren. He had twin daughters from a previous marriage, which also included four grandchildren. In 1988, Williams owned houses in Sun Valley, Idaho, Fort Worth (which included a ranch he inherited from his parents), and Hawaii. He said it was the fruits of good investments. Pat Priest ("The Munsters"), Williams's longtime friend and neighbor, said he was her mentor.
Outside his acting career, Williams was also closely affiliated with co-star Adam West. The two of them were neighbors in Sun Valley and spent much leisure time together. West also claimed when people saw them together outdoors, they would comment about "Batman" and "The Green Hornet" being on a secret case together. Producer Kevin Burns revealed on December 5, 2016, that Williams died on November 28, 2016, from kidney failure at the age of 82 in Scottsdale, Arizona.


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New Zealand Potter

New Zealand Potter was a biannual, and later triannual, periodical magazine focused on the subject of pottery in New Zealand. It was co-founded in 1958 by potters Helen Mason and Doreen Blumhardt. After 40 years of publication, the magazine ceased with its 40th volume in 1998.
The history of the publication is divided into three periods. From 1958–1975 vol. 1, no.1 to vol 17, no. 1, were published by New Zealand Potter, Wellington, N.Z. in a black and white 20 cm tall format with a colour cover, sizing up to a 28 cm format in 1972.
From 1975 to 1993 vol. 17, no. 2 to vol. 35, no. 3, were still published by New Zealand Potter, Wellington, but the format increased to a 30 cm tall size and the name abbreviated to "Potter". During this time the magazine began to be issued with pages in 4 colour print from 1985 onward. From 1994 to 1998 publication moved to New Zealand Potter Pub. Auckland, N.Z. and vol 36, no. 1 to vol 40, no. 2 reverted to using the original name in the same 30 cm tall format.
The content of the magazine covers a wide range of associated topics including coverage of the annual New Zealand Potters exhibition and other events, photography of pottery, illustrations, articles on indigenous pottery practices from outside New Zealand, biopic articles on local potters, technical and scientific articles, aesthetic writing, articles on associated handcrafts, gallery advertising, equipment advertising and obituaries.
Contributors to the magazine cover a wide range of figures within the New Zealand pottery community. Some notable contributors include Doreen Blumhardt, Helen Mason, Barry Brickell, Yvonne Rust, Mirek Smisek, Margaret Milne, Colleen Waata Urlich, John Parker, Len Castle, Roy Cowan, Peter Lange, Michael Cardew and Bernard Leach.
An anthology of articles selected from the years 1958 to 1967 was published in December 2017 under the title "New Zealand Potter: A Partial Archive", edited by Emma Bugden and published by Small Bore Books.
External links.
Christchurch Art Gallery has digitised every issue of New Zealand Potter and made them available to read online.


General Electric Theater

General Electric Theater was an American anthology series hosted by Ronald Reagan that was broadcast on CBS radio and television. The series was sponsored by General Electric's Department of Public Relations.
Radio.
After an audition show on January 18, 1953, titled "The Token", with Dana Andrews, the radio series, a summer replacement for "The Bing Crosby Program", debuted on CBS on July 9, 1953, with Ronald Colman in an episode based on "Random Harvest". With such guest stars as Cary Grant, Irene Dunne, Van Johnson, Jane Wyman, William Holden, Alan Young, Dorothy McGuire, John Hodiak, Ann Blyth, James Mason, Joan Fontaine, and Judy Garland, the series continued until October 1, 1953. Jaime del Valle produced and directed the show. Ken Carpenter was the host and announcer. Wilbur Hatch supplied the music.
Also known as "G.E. Stereo Theater", the program "was the first network radio series to be broadcast on FM in stereo."
Television.
The television version of the program, produced by MCA-TV/Revue, was broadcast every Sunday evening at 9:00 pm EST, beginning February 1 1953, and ending June 3 1962. Each of the estimated 209 television episodes was an adaptation of a novel, short story, play, film, or magazine fiction. An exception was the 1954 episode "Music for Christmas", which featured choral director Fred Waring and his group The Pennsylvanians performing Christmas music. Jacques Tourneur directed four episodes, "The Martyr'" (1955), "Into the Night" (1955), "Aftermath" (1960) and "Star Witness: The Lili Parrish Story" (1961).
On September 26, 1954, Ronald Reagan debuted as the only host of the program. GE added a host to provide continuity in the anthology format. The show's Nielsen ratings improved from #27 in the 1953–1954 season to #17 in 1954–1955, followed #11 in 1955–1956, #3 in 1956–1957, #7 in 1957–1958, #26 in 1958–1959, #23 in 1959–1960, and #20 in 1960–1961.
"General Electric Theater" made the already well-known Reagan, who had appeared in many films as a "second lead" throughout his career, wealthy, due to his partial ownership of the show. After eight years as host, Reagan estimated he had visited 135 GE research and manufacturing facilities, and met over 250,000 people. During that time, he would also speak at other forums such as Rotary clubs and Moose lodges, presenting views on economic progress that in form and content were often similar to what he said in introductions, segues, and closing comments on the show as a spokesman for GE. Reagan, who would later be known as "The Great Communicator" because of his oratorical ability, often credited these engagements as helping him develop his public-speaking abilities.
Television guest stars.
Among the guest stars on the anthology were:
Reagan fired by General Electric.
Michael Reagan, adopted son of Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman, contends that Attorney General of the United States Robert F. Kennedy pressured GE to cancel "The General Electric Theater" or at least to fire Reagan as the host if the program were to continue. The series was not dropped because of low ratings but political intervention, the younger Reagan still maintains. Michael claimed that Robert Kennedy told GE officials that the company would receive no federal contracts so long as Reagan was host of the series. Michael noted the irony that his father's dismissal propelled Reagan into the political arena, and eighteen years afterwards, Reagan would take the oath of office as the oldest person to become U.S. president up to that time (Donald Trump would surpass this record with his election in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016] then [[Joe Biden]] would surpass this record with his election in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] Kennedy's directive is another example of the "law of unintended consequences." Had Kennedy stayed out of GE contract matters, likely there would have been no Governor or President Reagan.
From "Reagan: The Life", H.W. Brands, Anchor Books, New York 2015
Page 124–125: Reagan's jeremiads against encroaching government cited the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] (TVA) as a case in point – until he got wind that TVA executives were listening and wondering to General Electric's boss, Ralph Cordiner, why they shouldn't shift their purchases to a more appreciative company. Cordiner said he wouldn't censor Reagan – a move that caused Reagan to censor himself. Reagan recalled saying: “Mr Cordiner, what would you say if I could make my speech just as effectively without mentioning TVA?” [He also recalled the response:] “Well, it would make my job easier.” Reagan concluded the story “Dropping TVA from my speech was no problem.” [This quote is taken directly from Where's the Rest of Me?, Ronald Reagan with Richard G. Hublen, Duell, Sloan and Pearce, New York, 1965, pp. 269–270]
Page 131: In 1961, the Justice Department launched a probe into price-fixing in the electrical equipment industry. General Electric was a prime target. Corporate management decided prudence lay in avoiding anything that raised the company's profile needlessly. Reagan's attacks on big government did just that. ... The company offered to keep him on pitching commercial products if he would stop talking politics. ...He decided the reduced stage was too small.
From "An American Life", Simon and Schuster, New York, 1990, page 137: “In 1962, there was a change in management at General Electric that brought an end to my satisfying eight-year relationship with the company. Ralph Cordiner was retiring and the new management asked me asked me, in addition to continuing as host of the "GE Theater", to go on the road and become a pitchman for General Electric products – in other words, become a salesman. I told them that after developing such a following by speaking out about the issues I believed in, I wasn't going to go out and peddle toasters.
From "When Character was King", Peggy Noonan, Penguin, New York, 2001, page 84:, New management asked him to stay on...but go on the road and pitch GE products. They insisted. He said no. They cancelled.
[[Don Herbert]], a television personality well known as the host of "[[Watch Mr. Wizard]]", appeared as the "General Electric Progress Reporter", adding a scientific touch to the institutional advertising pitch. The show was produced by [[Revue Studios]], whose successor-in-interest, [[NBC Universal Television]], was co-owned by GE.
Following "General Electric Theater"s cancellation in 1962, the series was replaced in the same time slot by the short-lived GE-sponsored "[[GE True]]", hosted by [[Jack Webb]].
On March 17, 2010, General Electric presented Reagan's widow [[Nancy Reagan|Nancy Davis Reagan]] with video copies of 208 episodes of "General Electric Theater", to be donated to the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]].
On April 20, 2010, a "lost" live episode of "General Electric Theater" – "The Dark, Dark Hours", which originally aired on December 12, 1954 – was uncovered by NBC writer [[Wayne Federman]], who was working on a television retrospective for the Reagan Centennial Celebration. The episode was noteworthy because it teamed Ronald Reagan with [[James Dean]]. Highlights were broadcast on the "[[CBS Evening News]]", "[[NBC Nightly News]]", and "[[Good Morning America]]".
External links.
[[Category:1953 American television series debuts]]
[[Category:1962 American television series endings]]
[[Category:1950s American radio programs]]
[[Category:1950s American anthology television series]]
[[Category:1960s American anthology television series]]
[[Category:Anthology radio series]]
[[Category:Black-and-white American television shows]]
[[Category:CBS original programming]]
[[Category:CBS Radio programs]]
[[Category:English-language television shows]]
[[Category:General Electric sponsorships]]
[[Category:American live television series]]
[[Category:Television series by Universal Television]]
[[Category:Ronald Reagan]]


Pocket Rockers

Pocket Rockers was a brand of personal stereo produced by Fisher-Price in the late 1980s, aimed at elementary school-age children. They played a proprietary variety of miniature cassette (appearing to be a smaller version of the 8-track tape) which was released only by Fisher-Price themselves. Designed to be as much of a fashion accessory as a music player, the devices were enough of a youth craze to even be banned in some schools for a brief period.
Housed in a variety of stylish, translucent colors, each tape had two songs in mono which could be clipped to clothing to showcase one’s musical taste. Tapes were available from several pop stars, including Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Tiffany, or Debbie Gibson and even rock stars like Bon Jovi or The Bangles. The commercials featured an original theme song which was a parody of "Down on the Corner” by Creedence Clearwater Revival.
In addition to standard blue on black and pink on black color schemes, 3 variations of Pocket Rockets were released utilizing Memphis Milano (a popular and contemporary design style at the time). A collectors set was released featuring one such design, and a deluxe system was also released which included speakers and a display stand with an amplifier. Other official Pocket Rockers branded accessories included bracelets, a bandana, a multitude of tape storage options (cases, frames, and clips), mini tape clip-ons, a carrying case, a purse, and headphones.
Following a sharp decline in sales, the Pocket Rockers line was discontinued in 1991 until ultimately being removed from Fisher-Price’s toy catalog in 1992. Today, the player and cassettes are sought after by collectors for their unique novelty and design.
Recording technology.
Inside the Pocket Rockers cartridge, the same 3.81 mm (0.150 Inch) tape like in the Compact Cassette is used, running at same tape speed of 1⅞ Inch per second. The upper two tracks contain one mono recording each, and the player has a switch that lets the listener change between the two available tracks. A small knob on the front controls the volume, and a headphone jack is on the side as well as a slider to eject the tape.
Winding the tape into a Compact Cassette, the recording is playing backwards. The lower two tracks were not used. The tape head is bottom top mounted Compact Cassette player head. The small endless tape cartridge based on a technology invented by Bernard Cousino is operated by a belt-driven capstan. Unlike standard cassettes, the pinch roller is part of the cassette rather than the player.


Eurekalert!


Claire Dinsmore

Claire Allan Dinsmore (born 1961) is an American jeweller, designer and new media artist. Dinsmore was born in Princeton, New Jersey in 1961. She began her artistic career as a jewellery artist, moving later to net art and hypertext. Her work is included in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts Houston.


Connie Lee

Connie Lee was an American screenwriter and songwriter known for her work on the Blondie films, as well as a number of B-Westerns (one of few women working in the genre at the time).
Biography.
Lee came out of the Tin Pan Alley school of songwriting, and was given a contract by Ambassador Pictures to write songs for a few of its films. By the time she was 19, she began writing screenplays; her first feature, "Swing It, Professor", was released in 1937. She often collaborated on scripts with Karen DeWolf: As a duo, the two penned "Nine Girls" and many of the Blondie titles.
Lee married screenwriter Seymour Bennett (born Seymour Berkowitz) at some point in the early 1950s; the pair collaborated on the story for 1953's "The Last Posse". Lee's and Bennett's careers came to an end by the early 1950s when they were placed on the Hollywood blacklist for alleged Communist ties. Lee and Bennett were named in 1953 by fellow screenwriter David Lang.


Attention Profiling Mark-up Language

Attention Profiling Mark-up Language (APML) is an XML-based markup language for documenting a person's interests and dislikes.
Overview.
APML allows people to share their own personal attention profile in much the same way that OPML allows the exchange of reading lists between news readers. The idea behind APML is to compress all forms of attention data into a portable file format containing a description of the user's rated interests.
The APML Workgroup.
The APML Workgroup is tasked with maintaining and refining the APML specification. The APML Workgroup is made up of industry experts and leaders and was founded by Chris Saad and Ashley Angell. The workgroup allows public recommendations and input, and actively evangelises the public’s "Attention Rights". The workgroup also adheres to the principles of Media 2.0 Best Practices.
Services.
"Services that have adopted APML"
Example.
"Example taken from the APML wikisite."
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<APML xmlns="http://www.apml.org/apml-0.6" version="0.6" >
 <Head>
 <Title>Example APML file for apml.org</Title>
 <Generator>Written by Hand</Generator>
 <UserEmail>sample@apml.org</UserEmail>
 <DateCreated>2007-03-11T01:55:00Z</DateCreated>
 </Head>
 <Body defaultprofile="Work">
 <Profile name="Home">
 <ImplicitData>
 <Concepts>
 <Concept key="attention" value="0.99" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="content distribution" value="0.97" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="information" value="0.95" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="business" value="0.93" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="alerting" value="0.91" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="intelligent agents" value="0.89" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="development" value="0.87" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="service" value="0.85" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="user interface" value="0.83" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="experience design" value="0.81" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="site design" value="0.79" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="television" value="0.77" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="management" value="0.75" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 <Concept key="media" value="0.73" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 </Concepts>
 <Sources>
 <Source key="http://feeds.feedburner.com/apmlspec" name="APML.org" value="1.00" type="application/rss+xml" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z">
 <Author key="Sample" value="0.5" from="GatheringTool.com" updated="2007-03-11T01:55:00Z" />
 </Source>
 </Sources>
 </ImplicitData>
 <ExplicitData>
 <Concepts>
 <Concept key="direct attention" value="0.99" />
 </Concepts>
 <Sources>
 <Source key="http://feeds.feedburner.com/TechCrunch" name="Techcrunch" type="application/rss+xml" value="0.4">
 <Author key="ExplicitSample" value="0.5" />
 </Source>
 </Sources>
 </ExplicitData>
 </Profile>
 <Profile name="Work">
 <ImplicitData />
 <ExplicitData>
 <Concepts>
 <Concept key="Golf" value="0.2" />
 </Concepts>
 <Sources>
 <Source key="http://feeds.feedburner.com/TechCrunch" name="Techcrunch" type="application/atom+xml" value="0.4">
 <Author key="ProfessionalBlogger" value="0.5" />
 </Source>
 </Sources>
 </ExplicitData>
 </Profile>
 <Applications>
 <Application name="sample.com">
 <SampleAppEl />
 </Application>
 </Applications>
 </Body>
</APML>


Wenonah Hauter

Wenonah Hauter (born May 9, 1954) is an environmental organizer and environmental writer as the author of two books. Hauter currently serves as the executive director of Food & Water Watch, a non-governmental organization which she founded.
Early life and education.
At the age of 11, Hauter's family moved to a farm in Virginia, where they lived in poverty. Her worldview was shaped by the pressing issues of the day—the Vietnam War, the Civil Rights and Women's movements.
Hauter initially attended community college before transferring to James Madison University, where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in sociology. She later studied at the University of Maryland where she received a Masters in Applied Anthropology.
Activism.
In the early 1990s Hauter worked as a senior organizer at the Union of Concerned Scientists, coordinating sustainable energy campaigns in the Midwest and opposing the deregulation of electric utilities. After leaving Union of Concerned Scientists, she worked at Citizen Action as Environmental Program Director, during her tenure Citizen Action joined a coalition which outlined a "POWER FOR THE PEOPLE" plan. This blueprint encouraged increased competition in the electric utility sector, as well as state control of transmission lines and larger renewable energy portfolios.
She later became the director of Public Citizen's Critical Mass Energy Program, which fought for food and energy policy reform and against water privatization. During her work with Public Citizen, Hauter called for the shutdown of the Salem Nuclear Power Plant, highlighting its history of safety violations and resulting fines.
Her work with Public Citizen formed the foundation for Food & Water Watch, which she left Public Citizen to found in 2005. In founding the organization, she sought to foster organizing around the country with a focus on moving people to action on issue of food and water. Energy would later also become a major focus of the organization. She has been critical of genetically modified food, highlighting the possibility of unintended effects of the technology.
In 2012 she was recognized as a Food Hero by Vegetarian Times as someone “dedicated to organizing the grassroots on big-picture issues that affect the natural world and people’s health.” Food Tank recognized her as a woman who is “inspiring others and creating a better food system around the world.”
Hauter has been strongly critical of the environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration.
Bull Run Mountain Farm.
Wenonah Hauter and her husband Leigh are the owners of the Bull Run Mountain Farm in Fauquier County, Virginia. Situated on land originally purchased in the 1960s by Wenonah's father, William Bates, the farm is now run as a community-supported agriculture (CSA) enterprise. Starting in the 1990s, the land was the subject of a complex legal dispute between the county, the Hauters (who owned eighty percent of the property), the Virginia Outdoors Foundation (which owned the other twenty percent), and the Hauters' neighbor Lavina Currier. The dispute, which involved land ownership, back taxes, and property boundaries, was finally settled in 2005. The property lines were again amended in 2009.
Books.
"Frackopoly: The Battle for the Future of Energy and the Environment" (2016) chronicles the history of the energy policy that regulated the development of fracking, arguing that great leniency was given to the oil and gas industry. The book also documents recent movements against the fossil fuel industry, including a detailed case study of the successful campaign to ban fracking in New York and the Standing Rock Sioux protests of the Dakota Access Pipeline.
"Foodopoly: The Battle Over the Future of Food and Farming in America" (2012) is an exploration of the effect of corporate consolidation on farming and food in the United States. In the book, Hauter criticizes factory farming and catalogs how mergers in the agricultural industry have changed food consumption and production.


George Pepper (film producer)

George Pepper (December 1, 1913 – December 14, 1969), known also as George P. Werker was a blacklisted Hollywood organizer and producer who collaborated with the Spanish film director Luis Buñuel and writer Hugo Butler.
Early life.
Son of William Pepper and Sophie Werker, George Pepper was a violin child prodigy making headlines for soloing with adult symphony orchestras... At age four, along with his older brother Jack, he raised money to construct the Hollywood Bowl by playing the violin, and both boys names were inscribed in the amphitheater's seats.
In 1925, at age 12, Pepper received a scholarship to the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia to study with the violinist Carl Flesch. Later he continued his studies with Leopold Auer and Efrem Zimbalist, until his playing career was cut short by a repetitive stress nerve condition in his left hand at age 24.
Career.
Hollywood organizer.
During the 1940s, Pepper became secretary of the Hollywood Democratic Committee and the Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions (HICCASP). According to Larry Ceplair and Steven Englund's book "The Inquisition in Hollywood", during Pepper's term as executive secretary, membership skyrocketed, and the HICCASP became "the major outpost of progressivism west of the Hudson River". Hollywood intellectuals and stars like Gene Kelly, Gregory Peck, Dalton Trumbo, and Orson Welles worked with the organization to improve the rights, conditions, and pay of industry workers across the country.
Blacklisting.
HICCASP was targeted by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) during McCarthyism. Thousands of radical and progressive workers, including Pepper and his wife Jeanette, were blacklisted as "potential communists," which meant their termination or exclusion from their profession. On April 25, 1951, film director Edward Dmytryk appeared before HUAC as a friendly witness and named Pepper as a communist. Jeannette Pepper was subsequently named by writer Stanley Roberts on May 20, 1952.
Film producer.
In Spring of 1951, George and Jeanette Pepper fled to Mexico to dodge a subpoena from the Tenney Committee, California's subcommittee of HUAC. In Mexico, Pepper created Producciones Olmec and met Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel. He introduced Buñuel to the blacklisted screenwriter Hugo Butler. Then, working under the alias George P. Werker, Pepper produced Butler's scripts for "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" (1954), "Torero" (1956), "The Little Giants" (1958), and "The Young One" (La joven, 1960)
Collector.
Pepper also became one of the foremost authorities and collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, with his name displayed as donor of many important works in the National Museum of anthropology in Mexico City. In Mexico City, Pepper met Fred Vanderbilt Field and Nieves Orozco who introduced him to artist Miguel Covarrubias. Covarrubias traded some of his paintings and Balinese textiles for Pepper's pre-Columbian, and Pepper photographed the now disappeared Olmec Notebooks of Miguel Covarrubias
Pepper is survived by his daughter, author and educator Margot Eve Pepper and grandson, Rafael Pepper-Clarke, also a journalist, since age 7


80 Micro - the magazine for TRS-80 users


Jim Tinndahn

"Big" Jim Tinndahn (born January 27, 1961) is a Danish mobster who was president of the Bandidos Motorcycle Club's European and Asian chapters until June 2012, when he stepped down and Michael "Kokken" Rosenvold became their new president.
He founded the Bandidos' first Scandinavian chapter in Copenhagen in late 1992. Since emigrating to Sweden in 1995, he has been arrested on a number of charges, including motorcycle theft and fraud. He was a prominent figure during the Great Nordic Biker War, a conflict between the Bandidos and the Hells Angels in the 1990s, the end of which was marked when he shook hands with Hells Angels Europe president Bent "Blondie" Nielsen on Denmark's TV 2 in September 1997. He has also made a number of appearances on talk shows and in documentaries.


Gorbachev Pizza Hut commercial

In 1998 former Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev was featured in a television advertisement by Pizza Hut. It was filmed in November 1997 on Red Square and in a Pizza Hut restaurant elsewhere in Moscow. It was aired internationally in January 1998, but not in Russia. In the commercial, a family inside the Pizza Hut restaurant discusses Gorbachev's political legacy. The two men disagree until the woman says that Gorbachev gave them Pizza Hut. Gorbachev used the money he earned for financing projects by his foundation. The commercial has been described as illustrative of the victory of capitalism inside Russia.
Content.
The commercial starts with an aerial view of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour and Manezhnaya Square from the viewpoint of the Four Seasons Hotel Moscow after a recent snowfall. Then Gorbachev is walking through the snow with an umbrella, together with his granddaughter Anastasia Virganskaya while Saint Basil's Cathedral is visible in the background. They enter the Pizza Hut restaurant at Red Square and take a seat at a table in the corner.
A family in the restaurant is sitting at a different table. The father notices Gorbachev and complains, "Because of him we have economic confusion." "Because of him, we have opportunity," the son protests. The claim is followed by counterclaim: "Because of him, we have political instability" – "Because of him, we have freedom" – "Complete chaos" – "Hope!". The mother interjects: "Because of him we have many things... like Pizza Hut." Now the family agrees. They and the whole restaurant rise from their seats, pizza slices in hand, to salute his achievements. The camera cuts to Gorbachev himself, basking in the attention.
The voiceover says: "Sometimes, nothing brings people together better than a nice hot pizza from Pizza Hut." The chorus of acclamations is heard even more loudly, as if resonating throughout Moscow. At the end, the slogan "Good friends. Great pizza." is shown. A different version was made that included the slogan "Have you been to the edge?".
Background.
Pizza Hut opened in 1990 in Moscow, a few months after the first McDonald's. It was one of the first foreign-owned restaurants that was able to open in Soviet Russia, thanks in part to Gorbachev's own Perestroika policies. The idea for a Pizza Hut in Moscow came from a personal friendship between Soviet Ambassador to the United States Anatoly Dobrynin and Donald M. Kendall, CEO of Pizza Hut's parent company PepsiCo. It was part of the largest deal ever between the Soviet Union and an American corporation. The arrangement flopped after the Soviet Union collapsed, which killed Pizza Hut's supply chain.
Pizza Hut had frequently ordered advertisements from BBDO before. BBDO art director Ted Shaine recalled that the company "heard that [Gorbachev] was willing to do something", but others suggest BBDO came up with the idea themselves.
It took months to negotiate a deal. Katie O'Neill Bistrian at IMG negotiated for Gorbachev. The long duration was partly to increase the fee for Gorbachev, but also represented real hesitation on his part. His wife Raisa Gorbachev feared that the ad could harm his reputation. Gorbachev agreed under the conditions that he could give his final approval over the script. He would also not eat pizza, which disappointed Pizza Hut. O'Neill Bistrian suggested that a member of Gorbachev's family would eat the pizza slice, which ended up being his granddaughter.
The exact amount that Gorbachev received was never disclosed, although it was argued that it was one of the largest talent fees in history. According to "The New York Times", some reports indicate Gorbachev was paid close to US$1 million (equivalent to about $M in ). Gorbachev said the money would be used for The Gorbachev Foundation, and was quoted in CNN saying:I'm in the process of creating a library and a perestroika archive, and this project requires certain funds. Perestroika gave impetus to Russia and to the whole world. It is very important that everything that happened be preserved in these two centers. It's an important part of life. It's not only consumption, it's also socializing. If I didn't see that it was beneficial for people, I wouldn't have agreed to it.
Production.
O'Neill Bistrian, the director Peter Smillie and several others flew to Moscow in November 1997. The preproduction took several days. The principal photography took place over two days. Gorbachev arrived late, in a limousine. Red Square was shut down for a day during the filming. The Pizza Hut shown on Red Square was actually a jewelry store which was changed for the filming. The filming inside was done in an actual Pizza Hut restaurant in Moscow. For taking the shots of Red Square and churches, the crew hefted the film cameras on the Kremlin itself. Some challenges included the weather, which meant a low temperature and low light. The commercial was edited afterward by Clayton Hemmert from the firm Crew Cuts. He played a key role in shaping the ending of the commercial, by adding reverberation and layering chants over each other. The production costs were estimated to be in the low millions of dollars.
Broadcast and reception.
The commercial was broadcast in the United States during the 1998 Rose Bowl football game on January 1, but not in Russia where Gorbachev was widely criticized in the media for taking part in the advertisement. Years after the initial broadcast, the commercial became a viral video on multiple occasions. "Time Magazine" listed the commercial in a "top 10 embarrassing celebrity commercials". "Thrillist" named it in a 2014 article as one of the 11 most bizarre celebrity endorsements. In a 2010 interview by the Russian magazine "Snob", Gorbachev stated that he received various letters of support.
Analysis.
Gorbachev has been described as a bystander to the drama occurring in the commercial. It has been described as a "beautiful film and weird advertisement" and as exploiting the shock value of having a former world leader appear. The ad also played on the fact that Gorbachev was far more popular outside Russia than inside it.
The commercial suggested that capitalism was better than communism because it made Pizza Hut possible. In 2012, Nadia Kaneva and Elza Ibroscheva wrote that the Gorbachev's appearance in the Pizza Hut ad—as well as his appearance in a 2007 Louis Vuitton print ad for which he was photographed by Annie Leibovitz—symbolized "the passing of communism and the triumph of the new, capitalist, and consumerist order" with Gorbachev's transformation "into a commercial spokesman for powerful Western brands" and the "co-optation of [his] iconic status for marketing purposes" serving as an ironic symbol of "his irrelevance as a political figure in the post-communist context."
Further developments.
In October 1998, Pizza Hut left Moscow.
Gorbachev has stated to "The Guardian" that he lost his savings due to the 1998 Russian financial crisis.
In 1997 Gorbachev told CNN that he did not plan to participate in advertisements again. In 2000, however, Gorbachev was featured in an advertisement made in Vienna by for the ÖBB, the Austrian federal railways. The slogan was "Perestroika in the ÖBB" and was filmed at the Wien Floridsdorf railway station. The ad was broadcast on ORF for the first time on May 10, 2000. In 2007, Gorbachev was featured in a photograph advertisement taken by Annie Leibovitz for Louis Vuitton in a car next to remaining parts of the Berlin Wall. Unlike the Pizza Hut commercial, this advertisement was shown in Russia.


Planet Forward

Planet Forward, a project of The George Washington University's School of Media and Public Affairs, is an online public forum where experts, engaged citizens and students weigh in on energy, climate and sustainability. The most inventive and creative ideas are featured online.
Background.
About.
Planet Forward is inspired by the combined power of user-generated media and the tools of journalism to discover innovations that can change the world. This initiative challenges the conventional top-down format of traditional media and rewards contributors who are working to solve these problems by exposing them to the public and igniting both a conversation and a competition to help find the best ideas to move the Planet Forward.
Planet Forward has created a dynamic public square, curating the best ideas and innovations from scientists, business leaders, advocates, students and government leaders. Planet Forward engages with students and faculty from the university as well as others across the country and the world. Planet Forward collaborates with a diverse group of organizations in order to find the best ideas and bring them to the world.
Operation.
On the Planet Forward website, members can submit videos or written descriptions of their innovative solutions tackling today's toughest energy challenges Members can comment, discuss and share the best ideas with other Planet Forward members as well as "like" (i.e. vote for) their favorite innovations. Experts in clean energy and climate then look at the ideas and evaluate them on terms of viability, impact and technical merit.
History.
Created and hosted by Frank Sesno, "Planet Forward" launched its website in March 2009 and first aired on PBS on April 15, 2009.
In December 2009, Planet Forward began producing weekly, online webisodes showcasing some of the best innovative solutions from Planet Forward members across the country. Each webisode was centered around a specific energy or environment-related topic, ranging from hybrid vehicles to smart grids.
In October 2010, Planet Forward began producing monthly segments for PBS's "Nightly Business Report". Like the webisodes, the "Nightly Business Report" segments focused on a particular green topic and featured ideas submitted by Planet Forward site members. Planet Forward aired its second PBS special,"The Energy of Innovation", on April 8, 2011.
2011 marked Planet Forward's continued breakout into the public sphere. Teaming up with universities and big-name environmental contributors like the United States Department of Agriculture and National Geographic, the project generated a strong following—online and in the environmental community.
On April 17, 2012, Planet Forward and The George Washington University's Office of Sustainably hosted a "Turning Innovation into Action" symposium. Thought-leaders from government, industry and academics joined to highlight solutions to the challenges of a changing planet. The half-day conference highlighted "Innovation Challenges" offered by participants to demonstrate their commitment to moving the planet forward. Panelists included Former Chief Technology Officer of the United States, Aneesh Chopra, then-Mayor of the District of Columbia, Vincent C. Gray and Vice President of GE Ecomagination, Mark Vachon.
In 2013, Planet Forward narrowed their focus toward food, more specifically, toward the effort to feed a growing world population. The initiative set out to identify, celebrate and connect innovators within the sustainable food production community. It kicked off with the project's inaugural "Feeding the Planet" summit where CEOs, farmers, college students and policy makers met to discuss challenges and opportunities in the sustainable food sector. The event engaged over 400 attendees, over 1,000 online participants and several students from over ten colleges and universities. It also generated 24 million Twitter impressions and over 3,000 tweets by using #FoodFWD. Throughout the year, Planet Forward hosted salons and webinars, placing themselves firmly within the sustainability world.
Aside from 2014, Planet Forward has hosted a summit each year since the inaugural year. Students, sustainability professionals, and leaders come to the summit to discuss sustainability, storytelling, and solutions over the two-day summit hosted at George Washington University.
Planet Forward founder Frank Sesno and director Dan Reed teach an undergraduate sustainability reporting class at GW University's School of Media and Public Affairs to help student reporters build environmental journalism knowledge and skills.
In July 2013, Planet Forward implemented the "Planet Forward "Explorers"" program. Explorers traveled with professor Imani Cheers to Kenya and Tanzania in order to study agricultural technology. Four of their videos were featured in the project's weekly segment on Bloomberg Television's, "Bloomberg West", a program in which Planet Forward founder Frank Sesno presented ideas about moving toward a more sustainable planet. In the spring of 2014, students traveled to Guatemala in order to research child nutrition. The team presented their work during the Latin American & Hemispheric Studies Capstone Symposium at the George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs. All of the "Explorers" created videos on their findings which were featured on Planet Forward's website as well as the second "Feeding the Planet" Summit in 2015.
In the spring of 2014, the project launched the "Planet Forward University Consortium", a program that allowed other universities from across the country to join the conversation to help address sustainability challenges through storytelling. Middlebury College, Roger Williams University, the University of Arizona and the University of California, Berkeley are some of the current participants.
Planet Forward carried their keystone initiative, "Feeding the Planet", through the next two years, hosting another summit in the spring of 2015 called "Feeding the Planet Summit: The Story of Food in the Age of Climate Change."
Beginning in 2015, Planet Forward began holding an annual contest called Storyfest. Students can submit up to three stories (videos, photograph projects, written stories, audio projects, etc.) for consideration. The grand prize is a sustainability reporting trip to a destination like the Amazon (2017), Alaska (2018), the Galapagos Islands (2019), and Iceland (2020). Planet Forward also takes several students on a trip to Rome each October to attend the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's Committee on World Food Security.
Social media.
Planet Forward has a well-founded social media campaign, with active Twitter and Facebook accounts which are updated daily. As of June 2015, Planet Forward had over 13,900 Twitter followers and 6,620 Facebook fans.
Seasons.
Season 1: Energy Future.
Hosted by creator Frank Sesno, the original pilot television special featured a panel style discussion that addressed the question: "can we move rapidly away from fossil fuels in the near future"?. The panelists for the pilot were James L. Connaughton, Hunter Lovins, and Shai Agassi. Viewers were encouraged to visit the website to submit their ideas about fossil fuels to the panel of experts. Those who submitted the most engaging and thought provoking ideas were selected to appear before Carol Browner, the senior advisory to President Barack Obama on Energy and Climate Change.
Season 2: Carbon Footprint.
Since the pilot phase of the project, Planet Forward relaunched its website, began producing a series of weekly webisodes and began producing monthly special segments for the PBS business series "Nightly Business Report". Planet Forward also archived the content from their first season. In the spring 2010 they addressed the question, "How Can We Reduce Our Carbon Footprint?" The ideas generated in response to the question were featured on a web-only special taped on April 16, 2010, featuring EPA Director Lisa P. Jackson.
Season 3: Energy Innovations.
In the summer of 2010, Planet Forward launched a new question: "What is an innovation that improves how we generate or use energy?" On April 8, 2011 Planet Forward aired its second PBS special, showcasing the best innovator's answers. Danny Kennedy and Jamie Hestekin were selected as the show's winners (i.e. Planet Forward's Innovators of the Year) and Planet Forward will be following in their innovative endeavors for a year.
Planet Forward also entered into a partnership with National Geographic's Great Energy Challenge to produce and manage a blog hosted on the National Geographic website.
Season 4: Changing Planet.
In 2011, Planet Forward teamed up with the National Science Foundation, Discover Magazine and NBC News to produce "Changing Planet," a series of town hall meetings on climate change across the country. Planet Forward members could submit their energy innovation ideas online to business leaders, politicians, journalists and experts in the climate and energy industry at a live town hall meeting at The George Washington University's Jack Morton Auditorium for a chance to be featured on The Weather Channel.
Season 5: Smart Communities.
In the fall of 2011, Planet Forward asked its members to share their ideas about creating smart, green-minded communities by posing the question: "What innovation can help communities build for the future and adapt to a changing planet?" The best ideas have been featured in webisodes and Nightly Business Report segments.
In March 2012, Planet Forward began producing segments for Bloomberg Television's "Bloomberg West" TV show.
Featured research.
Planet Forward featured projects that have developed new technology in the energy sector, such as using the Earth's geologic hear to produce energy in El Salvador, innovations for absorbing carbon dioxide from urban areas, the works of John Obik and Matthew Mitchel Urquhart in Project Home 2011 scientific research which utilizes quantum energy for electrostatic maglev devices, research into using air as fuel, and research for using bacteria as a possible alternative source of energy.
Planet Forward airs news broadcasts of these research projects on public television as a program that is actively involved with the community.


Peoria Public Radio


Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead


Munach

The Munach (Hebrew: , also spelled "Munah" or "Munakh"), translating to English as "to rest," is a common cantillation sound. In Sephardi and Oriental traditions it is often called Shofar holekh. It is marked with a right angle below the corresponding word.
The munach is found in various groups, including the Katon, Etnachta, and Segol groups. One or more munachs can be followed by many different trope sounds, including Zakef katon, Etnachta, Rivia, Zarka, Segol, and Pazer. It is normally used when the number of syllables in a phrase are so long that an extra note is required to accommodate all the syllables.
The munach is normally a short note. But when it is the first of two munachs followed by a Rivia, it has a longer melody. In this case it may also be called "legarmeh" (מֻנַּח לְגַרְמֵ֣הּ׀).
Appearances.
The munach has the following appearances in the following sequences:
The munach as shown is not always present in all cases.
Occasionally, in the Katon group, a second Munach will be inserted. This occurs when the words have more syllables, and cannot be accommodated by a single munach.
Munach occurs in the Torah 8777 times. Legarmeh occurs 283 times.
Melody.
Note that the melody for trope is different in Torah, Haftarah, and Megillot. Different Jewish communities also use different Torah tropes. The following should not be considered an exhaustive list of all possible cantillations.
Rivia group.
The Munach preceding another Munach before a Rivia:
The Munach immediately preceding a Rivia:
Segol group.
Before a Zarka:
Before a Segol: