William Lindeman

Lindeman was a name used by a series of piano manufacturers in New York in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The concern was founded by William Lindeman (1794 - 1875) on a small scale in Dresden in about 1822, and reestablished by him in New York City in 1835 or 1836, where it grew to a medium size within twenty years. American piano historian Daniel Spillane credited him as one of the first successful immigrant German piano makers in the United States.
William's sons eventually became partners in the firm, reorganizing first as Lindeman & Son and then Lindeman & Sons and each of them worked in the industry following their father's death. Henry founded several independent piano manufacturing companies, the longest lived of which were Henry & S. G. Lindeman and the Melodigrand Corporation, both of New York; Herman is best known for patenting the firm's unusually shaped "Cycloid" square piano, and with his brother Ferdinand, and son George, he headed the short-lived Lindeman Piano Company of Cincinnati, Ohio.
The Lindeman & Sons name itself was eventually sold and was controlled by different companies after 1890, including the Wanamakers department store and the piano manufacturing conglomerate Aeolian-American, which also controlled H. & S. G. Lindeman and Melodigrand names. The trademark was most recently owned by Burgett Brothers, Inc., owners of manufacturers Mason & Hamlin and PianoDisk, and who own a number of trademarks from old American piano manufacturers. As of 2014, the brand is defunct.
Nineteenth century.
William Lindeman was born Wilhelm Lindemann on March 28, 1794 in Jöhstadt, in eastern Saxony on the Bohemian border. He was the third of six sons of Karl Gotthilf Lindemann, a preacher and rector of the municipal school. Wilhelm learned cabinetmaking—alone among his brothers in not attending university—and in 1812 moved to Vienna where he worked as a fine furniture maker. He worked in Munich as a pianomaker for about a year, and subsequently in for piano manufacturers Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig, and Rosenkranz in Dresden before establishing his own shop, which much later advertisements date at 1822. According to a short biography published in "Der Deutsche Pionier" of Cincinnati in 1875, Lindeman's output was small and was sold principally through dealers in these cities, and he was unable to profit from what the article described as well regarded and innovative instruments.
Lindeman emigrated to New York City in 1834. The 1875 article recounted that with the help of a translator he applied to work at the piano manufactory of Dubois & Stodart, who operated a music store at 167 Broadway, but that Lindeman became indignant over the delay caused by the approval required by the pianomakers' union, and instead took a non-union position tuning and regulating at Geib & Walker's music store at 23 Maiden Lane. His reported starting salary was $8 a week, which was increased soon afterwards to $12, and he was able to earn as much as $18 a week ($ today) by taking outside work as a tuner and repairman. He was able to save $80 by economizing and the following year sent for his family to join him.
Wm. Lindeman.
In 1835 or 1836 Lindeman began manufacturing his own pianos, and according to the 1875 article he employed a single journeyman. His initial address was listed at 48 William Street; by 1836 he established a small factory at the corner of Bank and Fourth streets, but reportedly removed to work for piano makers Gerding & Simon on Long Island as a result of the bank crisis of 1837.
Lindeman reestablished himself at 19 James Street, New York City in 1842, and was joined then by his oldest son Herman. The 1875 article described that within two years he produced about two pianos a week, and moved to larger premises at 139 Centre Street. Lindeman was awarded diplomas at the 1847 and 1848 American Institute fairs, placing after piano makers James Pirsson, and Senior & Grovesteen, both of New York, in 1847 and J. H. Schomacker & Co., of Philadelphia, and behind J. H. Grovesteen and D. J. Winkle of New York the following year.
Lindeman & Son.
In 1849, Lindeman made Herman a partner, and the firm moved to 56 Franklin street. The 1855 New York Census reported Lindeman & Son employed about 15 and produced $18,000 worth of pianos (about $ today) - representing about one percent of the combined output of the piano factories in New York City as reported in the New York State census of 1855. They were awarded a diploma at the 1857 American Institute fair, placing after Schuetze & Ludolff, Gross & Hulskamp, Boardman & Gray and Henry Hansen.
Lindeman & Son moved to 171 and 173 Mercer street in 1859.
Cycloid pianos.
Herman Lindeman patented a construction for "cycloid pianos" in 1860. These roughly semi-circular squares were manufactured with the sides and interior portions of the wooden frame laminated from long, thick veneers bent and glued up into a single, continuous piece with the required shape and thickness, in order to make the pianos "lighter, smaller and circular at the back and sides." The firm advertised that the cycloid was "the most elegant in shape, the most exquisite in tone, the strongest and most enduring piano manufactured in the world" and made an unsupportable claim in the late 1860s that it was "driving the unsightly square piano out of the market." This patent was credited by piano historians Daniel Spillane and Alfred Dolge to Herman's younger brother Henry, who is not listed on the original or reissued United States patents, but is listed jointly with Herman in the 1865 English patent; both historians also identified Henry as the oldest brother.
Lindeman & Sons.
In 1864 sons Henry (August 3, 1835-April 14, 1920) and Ferdinand joined the company, and it was reorganized as Lindeman & Sons. By 1866 they were listed at 173 Mercer, as well as 2 Leroy place and 112 Wooster
The rapid growth of the American piano industry does not appear to have slowed following the financial crisis of in the mid-1850s, although the average sales prices of pianos lowered, but the industry went into decline during the Civil War when both the prices of pianos and value of piano sales compared to the number of workmen dropped. According to the 1860 United States Census fifty-five manufacturers in New York state had employed 2,064 hands—1,728 in New York City—and produced 12,800 pianos worth $2,849,007 ($1,381 per worker, or $223 per piano) compared to sixty-seven manufacturers reporting 7,686 pianos worth $2,592,662 in 1855; ($1,447 per workman. $338 per piano) whereas the 1865 New York state census listed 1,406 workers for forty-one piano manufacturers reporting—only 855 in New York City—and twenty-seven manufacturers declared $1,874,931 in sales. The 1875 article described that Lindeman's workforce was reduced by half during the war.
Lindeman & Sons reported to the Revenue Department the sale of 233 pianos in 1866, far below the numbers reported by Steinway & Sons (1,944 pianos valued $1,001,164), Chickering & Sons (1,526, $651,285), but which ranked them as the thirteenth largest American piano manufacturer, following Albert Weber, Decker Brothers, George Steck & Co., and W. B. Bradbury, all of New York. The firm declared $63,000 in sales in 1869 (which would represent about the same scale as they had reported three years earlier based on an average value, according to census data, of about $300 per piano) but ranked them only twentieth, placed between J. & C. Fischer and Raven, Bacon & Co. of New York
Lindeman & Sons' pianos placed well at many agricultural fairs but they did not earn top honors at major industrial exhibitions. The firm advertised they had been awarded "the first premium gold medal for novelty, superiority and excellence" at the 1865 American Institute Fair, but the list of awards showed that they placed after George Steck & Co., and the Driggs Patent Piano Co., of New York. They were one of only three American piano makers to exhibit at the 1867 Paris Universal Exposition, but failed to win an award and their participation was eclipsed in most American reports by the fierce competition between Steinway and Chickering. A sympathetic article in the "American Eclectic Medical Review" reported that the cycloid shown at Paris had "fully the power of the best semi-grand but with about two thirds the size," but a "New York Times" review of the Exposition described the tone of the example at Paris as "pleasant, but thin" and reported that there were "better instruments of the same construction in the Norwegian department.".
The firm established new headquarters at 92 Bleecker Street by 1870, and according to the 1875 biography, their production doubled to eight pianos a week about the same time. They received a second premium for a cycloid at the 1870 American Institute Fair, however the top manufacturers of the country were not represented: F. C. Lighte & Co. took first place, and Taylor & Dupuy, took third. In 1872 Lindeman & Sons removed their New York warerooms to 14 East Fourteenth Street, and in 1874 Herman established a branch in Cincinnati, Ohio at 173 West Fourth street, reportedly to promote their sales in western states.
According to an article from "New York Times" in 1890, "the old firm of Lindeman & Son" failed in 1875 but was able to reorganize by compromising with their creditors.
Lindeman & Sons, Lindeman Brothers.
William Lindeman died December 24, 1875. "Wilson's New York City Copartnership Directory" listed the three brothers as proprietors of Lindeman & Sons at the beginning of 1876 but by 1878 it was listed as a partnership between Henry Lindeman and Henry L. Oestreich, while about this time Ferdinand removed to join Herman in Cincinnati. In 1881 the address of the factory changed to 201 Mercer.
The Cincinnati establishment had become Lindeman Brothers by 1881 and advertised grand, cycloid, square and upright pianos as well as Lindeman organs and musical merchandise for sale at 171 and 173 West Fourth Street. In 1886 all three brothers were involved in a corruption scandal involving the Cincinnati Infirmary, charged with having paid its directors $350 to approve a false bill for $700. Ferdinand was sentenced to a year in jail. A notice was published in November, 1889 that all stock of musical instruments, merchandise as well as office and store furniture of Lindeman Brothers, then at 181 West Fourth street, Cincinnati, would be auctioned, benefits of the sale to go to their creditors, but in 1890 Lindeman Brothers is listed at 157 West Fifth street
Lindeman & Sons' New York warerooms removed to 146 Fifth Avenue, and 409 Eighth street, but the firm encountered financial difficulties and lost their Bradstreet rating in 1888. They attempted to raise cash by incorporating and issuing $150,000 public stock but by early 1890 their assets were as low as $15,000 with approximately $100,000 in liabilities. Lindeman & Sons was sold at auction in January, as was the property of Adam Brautigam, a well-known piano dealer of the same city, who had supported the company with up to $50,000 of his own money.
Lindeman & Sons, Lindeman Piano Co..

Within a month of the failure, Henry Lindeman organized a new company at 23 East 14th street, which advertised as the "old Reliable" Lindeman & Sons, although Lindeman testified at proceedings that March that he was an employee of the firm and that neither he nor any other family member owned capital in it. The 1890 trademark registration lists its president as William E. Wheelock (Sept. 24, 1852-Feb. 14, 1922), of piano manufacturers Wheelock & Company of New York, "The Music Trade Review" reported the new firm had been organized with the backing of C. B. Lawson, a member of Wheelock and Stuyvesant, also of New York, and Luther W. P. Norris (b. June 3, 1861), "a young man of great ability and pleasing personality" who had been connected with Wheelock for eight years, and that "[t]he artistic and musical character of the 'Lindeman' Piano has also gained largely, for Mr. Henry Lindeman, freed from business responsibility, has been able to devote himself to the improvement of the instrument with undivided interest." According to the figures based on serial numbers presented by piano historian Cyril Ehrlich in "The Piano: A History", the firm produced about 600 pianos a year; their own advertisements in New York city newspapers concentrated on sales of used pianos.
The Lindeman Piano Company first appeared in Cincinnati directories in 1891, listed at 151 West Fifth street, with H. Lindeman president, and G. H. Lindeman vice president and F. Lindeman treasurer; their advertisements offered pianos and organs and stated "established 1836." George Lindeman reportedly left the firm in 1895 to join piano manufacturers Smith & Nixon, also of Cincinnati, but he is listed in 1896, with Herman, as a member of H. Lindeman & Son, at 210 West Seventh street.
In 1896 Otto Grau & Co., agents for Lindeman & Sons in Cincinnati, sued to enjoin H. Lindeman & Son, doing business as The Lindeman Piano Co. from claiming to have connections with the former firm. The court overruled a demurrer by the defendants and found in favor of the plaintiffs, and although "The Music Trade Review" reported that in its opinion the stencilled words "The Lindeman Piano Co. Cincinnati" could not deceive a prospective purchaser, but that it was deceptive to represent that the two firms were the same, and H. Lindeman & Son was enjoined from selling pianos as previously labelled.
By 1899, H. Lindeman & Son is listed offering pianos and bicycles; they are listed at 206 West Seventh street the following year.
In June 1895 Wheelock & Co. sold their interest in Lindeman & Sons. Norris was elected president, N. S. King vice president and Samuel G. Lindeman, secretary and treasurer, and between them they controlled the entire capital stock of the company.
By 1897 Lindeman & Sons' factory was at the corner of 147th street and Brook avenue, and warerooms at 143 W. 125th street. It was headed by Norris, who would remain with the firm until his retirement in 1916, and N. S. King; Henry Lindeman was superintendent of the factory, but his son Samuel G. Lindeman (b. March 24, 1869) was the firm's secretary and treasurer. King died in 1898
Alfred Dolge described that Samuel G. Lindeman had followed "a complete scientific course" at New York University, graduating in 1888, and that he worked for a year in one of the largest banking institutions in New York before studying three years as a pianomaker under his father.
Henry Lindeman left his position as superintendent in Lindeman & Sons to join piano manufacturers Ivers & Pond in Boston towards the beginning of 1899.
Henry Lindeman filed a petition for bankruptcy the same year, declaring his liabilities as $104,345 with no assets, but by that November he formed the Victoria Piano Company, with a factory on 157-159 East 128th street.
By 1900 S. G. Lindeman's place on the board of the firm was taken by William C. Sherwood. Lindeman & Sons at this time employed about thirty workers, and listed at 550 West 23rd Street with $40,000 capital.
Twentieth century.
Henry & S. G. Lindeman.
Henry and Samuel G. Lindeman formed a new company named Henry Lindeman & Son in 1900, but according to a notice published by Lindeman & Sons the following year in "The Music Trade Review" the new company adopted the name Henry & S. G. Lindeman in order to distinguish itself from the more established firm. A 1915 article in the same paper stated that they began manufacturing pianos on a small scale in a loft on 127th Street. but notices from 1900 listed them at 157-159 East 128th street. By the end of that year the paper reported that their factory was not convenient for them, and while the premises afforded "plenty of light and air" they needed more room for stock and it was thought they could "get just as good results on the ground floor", and when the firm's production increased—"The Music Trade Review" reported they had made and sold 300 instruments during the last five months of 1901, and had orders for 600 by February, 1902—it was necessary for them to lease another floor in the building of their factory, and in 1903 they moved to a new factory at 2 West 140th street.
H. & S. G. Lindeman was incorporated with $100,000 capital in early 1907 with Henry Lindeman as president, Harriet Goldwater secretary and Samuel G. Lindeman treasurer.
In March 1908 The "Piano, Organ and Musical Instrument Workers' Official Journal" reported Henry & S. G. Lindeman had leased a five story building, with their factory at 132, 134, and 136 West Twenty-fourth Street, and their warerooms at adjoining store and basement at 137 West Twenty-third Street. and increased their capital stock from $100,000 to $150,000; the Trow Directories for this period, however, continue to give the West 140th street address and list $100,000 capital. "The Music Trade Review" also reported that about this time they had purchased a vacant block, bounded by East 150th street Exterior Street and River avenue in the Bronx, with the intent of building a new factory but had opted to secure additional quarters instead.
Lindeman & Sons were listed at 548 West 23rd street and 155 West 125th street in 1906, and in 1908 only at the W. 23rd street address. The following year they were listed at West 23d and 134 W. 24th, the address given by H. & S. G. Lindeman the previous year. During this period their capital remained about $40,000.
Melodigrand.
By 1911 Henry and S. G. Lindeman were joined on the board by Benjamin H. Stern, who served as secretary; Alfred Dolge wrote that Samuel G. Lindeman's son Gillis was poised to join the firm and seemed to possess a particular talent for the trade that he had learned under Henry Lindeman. H. & S. G. Lindeman filed a petition to increase their capital stock from $100,000 to $150,000. and moved into a "new and commodious factory" on Fifth avenue occupying the entire block between 142nd and 143d streets, measuring 80 feet by 195 feet, and three stories high which gave them about 50,000 square feet of space. "The Music Trade Review" described it as "one of the finest factories to be found in the uptown manufacturing district" and projected that it would increase their output by 50 percent.
Also in about 1911 Henry & S. G. Lindeman obtained an interest in the soundboard calibration device patented in 1909 by piano dealer and inventor Frank B. Long, of Los Angeles. Marketed as the "Melodigrand", this was a method for maintaining or restoring the slight crowning of a soundboard through a series of screws pressed against blocks applied directly to the panel, like Steinway & Sons' lapsed and disused system and similar to the Mason & Hamlin "tension resonator", then in force and which is still manufactured and promoted by that firm. Shown for uprights in the patent, Dolge claimed that H. & S. G. Lindeman embodied "the same in all of their pianos, with great success."
Lindeman & Sons had come under the control of Wanamaker's department store, which also owned controlling interests in piano manufacturers Schomacker of Philadelphia and Emerson of Boston, and held agencies for American Piano Company brands including Chickering & Sons and Wm. Knabe & Co. Lindeman & Sons was located at 461 West 40th street and its directors were James B. Woodford, Everard F. Tibbot, and Paul V. Bunn.
Wanamaker's.
Henry & S. G. Lindeman went bankrupt in 1914. "The Piano Magazine" reported it was "said that their failure was due to investments in the retail business preceding the continued tightness in the money market." A petition for bankruptcy was filed soon afterwards against the company's affiliate Jameson-Allen Piano Company of Philadelphia, while the Melodigrand trademark was taken over by Long in exchange for relinquishing part of his claims against the estate. J. & C. Fischer also purchased a patent subject to a suit that they claimed infringed a patent held by them. An auction was announced for late November to sell the stock in trade and goodwill and use of the name Henry & S. G. Lindeman and all of the firm's assets were sold for $27,000 to George W. Gittens, president of piano manufacturer Kohler & Cambell, Inc., of New York. Gittens immediately sold the property to the Lindeman & Sons Piano Company, then still controlled by Wanamaker's—a reversal of fortunes according to an article in "The Piano Magazine and Music Industry" which reported that in better times Henry & S. G. Lindeman had seriously considered purchasing Lindeman & Sons. The article also reported that Henry Lindeman apparently would be employed indefinitely by the new owners.
The Frank B. Long Melodigrand Company discontinued in late 1915 or early 1916 when Long removed to Sacramento, and his entire Los Angeles stock, including Melodigrand and Frank B. Long pianos, was purchased by the Zellner Piano Co., of Los Angeles.
L. W. P. Norris retired as Vice President from Lindeman & Sons in 1916.
Jefferson Piano Company, Melodigrand Co..
Within three months of the failure Henry and Samuel G. Lindeman were reported to have organized the Jefferson Piano Company, of New York, and to have leased space in part of their old factory to manufacture pianos. By 1917, however, along with Gillis R. Lindeman they controlled the Melodigrand Co., of New York. The 1918-1919 "Trow New York Copartnership and Corporation Directory" listed their capital as $25,000.
The same directory listed Lindeman & Sons' capital as $200,000.
Henry Lindeman was struck and killed by an automobile April 14, 1920. The obituary in "Presto" described that at 81 he had still been "active and as interested in the product of his factory as when he was a young man." S. G. Lindeman succeeded him as president.
United Piano Corp., Celco Corp.; S. G. Lindeman & Son.
In 1922 Lindeman & Sons, with a reported capacity 3,000 pianos per year and which still owned H. & S. G. Lindeman, were purchased from Wanamaker's, as was the much larger Emerson Piano Co. of Boston by J. H. Shale, treasurer of A. B. Chase of Chicago, and J. H. Williams, of the Knabe Warerooms, Inc, of Baltimore, who formed a holding company known as United Piano Corporation, of Norwalk Ohio, which was capitalized for $1,000,000 and which operated A. B. Chase, along with the two Lindeman firms and soon introduced the Celco reproducing player piano mechanism. In 1924 all of the divisions were moved to a 110,000 square foot factory in Norwalk, Ohio.
J. H. Shale retired from the board in 1926, and sold his stock to father and son J. H. and E. S. Williams, giving them control of the firm. A petition for bankruptcy was filed against the firm soon afterwards by a group of suppliers at which time its liabilities where listed at about $300,000 and assets $100,000. Shale purchased the firm's assets and good will for $110,000 in 1927, and formed the Celco Corporation in New York., with headquarters in Norwalk and with himself as president, Earle D. Button treas, Walter A. Hall secretary. In mid 1928 the firm reorganized as the A. B. Chase-Emerson Corporation under the same management, citing that the Celco Corp. had been "formed hurriedly for temporary use". The same year the firm announced that they were adding a line of motorboats to their products.
In early 1929 George G. Foster, formerly of Foster-Armstrong and founder of American Piano Company, became chairman of the board of A. B. Chase-Emerson That June, Lindeman & Sons reduced their capital from 2,000 shares of $100 par value to 100 shares no par.
S. G. Lindeman & Son, Inc. were listed in the "Presto-Times" Directory of American Piano Manufacturers in 1928, still at 5th avenue and 140th street, New York, as "Makers of the Melodigrand piano with specially constructed sounding board designed to prevent splitting." "Presto-Times" reported in mid-1931 that "Sam Lindeman, long connected with the manufacture of Melodigrand pianos at New York, and son of the founder of S. G. Lindeman & Son, Inc., is now connected with the municipal department of the city of Mount Vernon, N. Y." and the firm was listed as one of nine piano manufacturing concerns in "liquidation, reorganization or in the hands of creditors" in early 1932. Over seventy other firms were listed as no longer manufacturing and out of business.
Lester, American Piano and Aeolian.
In 1931, citing "increased activities in other lines being produced in the Norwalk factory", A. B. Chase-Emerson announced that arrangements had been made for their A. B. Chase, Emerson, and Lindeman & Sons pianos to be manufactured by a new division of the Lester Piano Company, of Philadelphia.
The American Piano Corporation filed to use the Lindeman & Sons trademark in 1941, and it was assigned with the company's holdings to the Winter-controlled Aeolian-American Corporation in 1959, which owned the name until Aeolian's bankruptcy in 1985.
Wurlitzer and Baldwin.
The name passed from Wurlitzer to Gibson and Baldwin between 2000 and 2002, although in 2002 a typed drawing filed by Gibson Piano Ventures, Inc. of Nashville, Tennessee was refused on the grounds it was not sufficiently descriptive or unique. The Lindeman & Sons trademark was withdrawn by them in 2005.
Burgett Brothers.
The final owners of the Lindeman & Sons trademark, Burgett Brothers, Inc., of Haverhill, Massachusetts successfully filed to use the name several months later. Burgett Bros. are owners of Mason & Hamlin and PianoDisk, and also control the Sohmer & Co., Wm. Knabe & Co., Mathushek, and Wessell, Nickel & Gross trademarks. They cancelled the trademark at the end of 2013


USS Miantonomah (CMc-5)

USS "Miantonomah" (CM-10/CMc-5) was built as SS "Quaker" by Pusey & Jones Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware in 1938 as a commercial coastwise ship operating as a fast inland water passenger and freight carrier. "Quaker" was acquired by the Navy in May 1941 for conversion to a coastal minelayer. "Miantonomah" operated off the east coast of the United States, Africa and the Mediterranean and took part in the invasion of Europe in 1944. The ship was sunk by a mine 25 September 1944.
Construction.
"Quaker" was the first of two identical ships built at the Pusey & Jones yard for the Philadelphia and Norfolk Steamship Company, the second being "Cavalier". The design for the two ships was by Theodore E. Ferris and was unusual in that the design called for a speed of .
"Quaker" was laid down 26 May 1937, launched 15 February 1938 and delivered to the Philadelphia & Norfolk Steamship Company by the builder on 15 June 1938.
The ship was registered with U.S. Official Number 237351, signal WNKO as , 1,893 Net tons, registry lentth, beam and depth and a home port of Wilmington, Delaware. As built cargo capacity was . "Quaker" was propelled by a G.E. 4,000 horsepower cross compound turbine fed by two Babcock & Wilcox boilers driving a single shaft.
Acquisition by the U.S. Navy.
"Quaker" was acquired by the United States Navy from her owner, Philadelphia & Norfolk Steamship Co., at Boston, Massachusetts on 5 May 1941; renamed Miantonomah on 14 May 1941; converted for U.S. Navy use as a coastal minelayer by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Co., East Boston, Massachusetts; and commissioned at Boston on 13 November 1941, Lieutenant Commander Raymond D. Edwards in command.
East Coast operations.
After completing conversion and following shakedown, "Miantonomah" steamed to the Virginia Capes where on 11 January 1942 she began laying her first minefield with . Operating out of Yorktown, Virginia, she joined in the effort to reduce the German submarine menace along the east coast, and during the next several months sowed mines off Cape Hatteras and Key West, Florida. In addition, defensive mining operations sent her to the southern reaches of the Caribbean off Trinidad. Reclassified CM-10 on 15 May 1942, she continued duty with Mine Division 50 and in October completed preparations for oversea combat duty.
Invasion of North Africa.
Loaded with a full cargo of mines, "Miantonomah" departed Yorktown on 23 October and the next day joined the Center Attack Group (TG 34.9) of the Western Naval Task Force. Heavy seas forced the minelayer out of the convoy south of the Azores on 4 November; escorted by , she rejoined the task force on 7 November as ships approached to launch a three-pronged invasion of French Morocco.
"Miantonomah" arrived off Fedala late on the 7th and — because of her cargo — remained clear of the transport area. Following the pre-dawn amphibious landings, and the subsequent neutralization of shore batteries by intense accurate naval gunfire, she laid down a defensive minefield north and east of the transport area about noon on 8 November, thence anchored in Fedala Harbor. She remained at Fedala during the next few days and escaped damage from two German submarine attacks on 11–12 November, although three torpedoes on the 11th passed within of her. These attacks by and sank four U.S. ships and damaged two others.
From 12–15 November, she steamed in convoy to Casablanca. After loading mines from , she joined "Monadnock" and "Terror" and on the 16th extended the Fedala minefield along the Moroccan coast to Casablanca. The next morning she departed Casablanca and sailed with other ships of TG 34.9 for the United States. Heavy seas pounded her badly but she arrived at Yorktown on 30 November.
Return to Stateside.
"Miantonomah" underwent repairs at Norfolk from 8 December 1942 – 19 January 1943, then resumed duty out of Yorktown in Chesapeake Bay and along the Virginia coast. She operated out of Boston, Massachusetts from 9 April to 25 May and returned to Yorktown on 29 May to prepare for minelaying operations in the Caribbean.
She departed on 14 June, reached Trinidad on the 20th, and later in the month sowed mines to protect the approaches to that important American base. She returned to the Chesapeake Bay on 28 July and operated out of Yorktown during the next nine months. On 29 April, she sailed to Bayonne, New Jersey; thence, as a unit of TG 27.1, she departed Gravesend Bay, New Jersey on 5 May to support the Allied invasion of Europe.
Invasion of Europe operations.
"Miantonomah" arrived Bristol, England on 16 May and began duty with the 12th Fleet. She operated out of Bristol until D-Day, 6 June, when she steamed via Cardiff to Plymouth, England. She continued dispatch and escort duties in British waters until arriving off Grandcamp, France on 25 June. There she embarked Rear Admiral John E. Wilkes and became flagship for CTF 125. She steamed to Cherbourg on 9 July, and on the 18th Admiral Wilkes hauled down his flag prior to "Miantonomah"s departure to England.
Arriving Plymouth, later that day, "Miantonomah" returned to Cherbourg on the 20th carrying supplies for port clearance operations. For more than two months, she made runs between English and liberated French ports and provided valuable support for salvage and clearing operations. On 21 September, she carried port clearance supplies from Cherbourg to Le Havre, which was liberated by sea and land less than two weeks before.
Sunk by a mine off the French coast.
"Miantonomah" sailed early in the afternoon of the 25th. Because of the danger of enemy mines, her skipper — Cdr. Austin E. Rowe — ordered "the highest state of watertight integrity to be set and all personnel not actually on watch below to be on topside and wear lifejackets" — measures which undoubtedly saved many lives. With a French harbor pilot at the conn, she skillfully navigated the inner and outer harbors and cleared the blockships, thence made course for the entrance to the marked channel. As she steamed about out from the blockships, she was rocked at 14:15 by a tremendous underwater explosion under the engine room. This blast — possibly followed by a second one — dazed or injured practically the entire crew. Immediately, the stricken ship began to sink rapidly by the stern and to starboard.
Damage control efforts proved useless, and as Coast Guard vessels, British motor launches, and a French fishing craft stood by to rescue survivors, her injured skipper ordered "Miantonomah" to be abandoned. She sank about 20 minutes after the explosion with a loss of some 58 officers and men. The ship sank at position .
Awards.
"Miantonomah" received two battle stars for her World War II service.


Flat-plane crank

The flat-plane crank (sometimes flatplane) is a type of crankshaft for use in internal combustion engines that has a 180 degree angle between crank throws.
Flat-plane cranks are used in V-configuration engines, generally with eight cylinders.
Inline-four cylinder engines almost all use flat-plane cranks, and thus are not usually identified as such. However, there are a few exceptions with crossplane cranks.
The flat-plane crankshaft is a design that is no longer used in most mass production road cars as it is more prone to vibration and is inherently much louder than a crossplane crankshaft. However, due to its simpler construction requiring less counterweight, it is inherently lighter with a higher rev limit. For this reason, it remains useful in sports and racing cars. Flat-plane crankshafts are generally associated with European sports cars such as Ferrari and Lotus V8 engines, and cross-plane cranks with American manufacturers. There are some exceptions such as the Ferrari-designed crossplane crank V8 of the Lancia Thema 8.32 and the flat-plane crank Ford Mustang GT350.
The way in which a flat-plane works within a V8 engine is more like two in-line 4-cylinder engines mated together, with the firing order of each order being in a Right-Left-Right-Left-Right-Left-Right-Left pattern. Being in this in-line configuration allows for the engine to rev much faster, making it more suitable for racing engines.


Henry E. Steinway

Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg, anglicized name Henry Engelhard Steinway, (February 22, 1797 – February 7, 1871) was a German-American piano maker who made pianos in both Germany and the United States. He was the founder of the piano company Steinway & Sons.
Early life.
Steinway was born Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg in Wolfshagen im Harz, Duchy of Brunswick in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (modern Germany). His childhood was marked by many tragedies and twists of fate. He attended public school in his home town. At the age of 8, he was an orphan and thrown upon his own resources, until his father and brothers, once thought to have been killed in action, returned and claimed him once more. Then, at 15, he was orphaned once again, and it was at this time that he joined the German Army. In 1814, he joined the Schwarze Schar, the volunteer corps of Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in the war against Napoleon's occupation of parts of Germany but remained in the garrison throughout the Napoleonic War campaign of the Hundred Days in 1815.
Career.
He left service on June 23, 1822 and began to work as a carpenter, and later he became an apprentice to an organ builder in the town of Goslar. He soon discovered his love for music and became an organ player in the church.
He started building instruments, though hidden in the kitchen of his house because of the strong rules of the guild. In Braunschweig, he started by building guitars and zithers, and then graduated to pianos, of small proportions initially and gradually increasing in size.
In 1835 he made his first square piano, which he presented to his bride Juliane at their wedding. In 1836 he built his first grand piano in his kitchen in the town of Seesen. This piano was later named the "kitchen piano", and is now on display at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art with a Steinweg 1836 square piano. In 1839, he exhibited three pianos at the state trade exhibition in Braunschweig, Germany and was awarded a gold medal.
Because of the unstable political climate following the revolutions of 1848 in the German states and the limited economic opportunities for a man working outside a guild, Steinweg decided to leave the country. He emigrated from Braunschweig to New York City in 1850 with five of his sons, but before leaving he gave the company to his son, Christian Friedrich Theodor Steinweg. Later in New York, he anglicized his name to Henry E. Steinway upon advice from friends, who concluded that the German surname "Steinweg" would be disadvantageous for doing business. In the early 1850s, Steinway and his sons worked for other piano companies until they could establish their own production under the name of Steinway & Sons.
The overstrung scale in a square piano earned the Steinway Piano first prize at the New York Industrial Fair of 1855. In 1862 they gained the first prize in London in competition with the most eminent makers in Europe; and this victory was followed in 1867 by a similar success at the Universal exposition in Paris. According to pianistic giants such as Franz Liszt, Anton Rubinstein, and other high authorities, the Steinways have done more to advance the durability, action, and tone-quality of their instruments than any other makers of Europe or America.
Personal life.
He married Juliane Thiemer, daughter of Martin Helwig Gottlieb Thiemer, a master glove maker, and Dorothea Julianne von Bierkamp, on May 15, 1825 in Seesen, Germany. He and his wife, Juliane, had ten children:
Henry Engelhard Steinway died in New York City, United States, on February 7, 1871.


Lyttonsville station

Lyttonsville is a light rail station that is currently under construction in the Lyttonsville neighborhood of Silver Spring, Maryland. It will be part of the Purple Line in Maryland. The station will be located at Lyttonsville Place.
History.
The Lyttonsville station is expected to open to the public in June 2023.
Station layout.
The station consists of an island platform just north of the Lyttonsville Place overpass. It will feature steel girders from the historic Talbot Avenue bridge.


PlayStation Shader Language


Tough rubber-sheathed cable

Tough rubber-sheathed cable is a type of cable which normally consists of a black outer sheath of rubber with several conductors inside. The rubber provides an abrasion-resistant, corrosion-resistant, waterproof, protective covering for an insulated electric cable.
Though obsolete for domestic use, it is used for flexible cables when greater mechanical toughness than PVC is required such as temporary electrical wiring at events where the cable is standardised as Cenelec code H07RN-F (H07 for short)
The American National Electrical Code, for theater use, requires (article 520.68(A).1) cables to be "extra hard usage" rated, and such cable is generally known in the US as SOOW cable. Cables meeting the SOOW spec can also be manufactured to be rated as H07RN-F, so-called "harmonised" cable, and such cable can be used both in the US and Europe.


Roger Rossmeisl

Roger Rossmeisl (1927 in Kiel – 1979 in Berlin) was a German luthier who designed electric guitars in the 1950s and '60s for the US companies Rickenbacker and Fender.
Life and work.
Roger's father Wenzel Rossmeisl (June 28, 1902 in Kiel – April 3, 1975 in Munich) was a German jazz guitarist and had learned luthiery in Mittenwald. Father and son made the first electric guitar in Germany in 1947 (a lap steel guitar).
Based in Berlin the Rossmeisl's were pioneers in Germany in the design and manufacture of electric pickups. In 1946–7 Roger rebuilt pickups for the jazz guitarist Coco Schumann. Meanwhile, electrical components such as coils and magnets came from headphones and other equipment of the German armed forces (Wehrmacht) In the late 1930s Wenzel sent his son for traditional luthiery training in Mittenwald, a center of violin and guitar making. Wenzel Rossmeisl sold his products under the brand name "Roger" in the late 1930s, as one of very few guitar manufacturers in Germany, until 1962. He also distributed guitars by the Italian manufacturer Eko.
In September 1953 Roger Rossmeisl completed his business in Berlin and emigrated to the US. After a short time at the guitar manufacturer Gibson in Kalamazoo, Michigan, he worked for the California manufacturers Rickenbacker. At Rickenbacker he was instrumental in the development of new product ranges including the Rickenbacker 300 series of guitars, and the Rickenbacker 4000 and 4001 basses. Semie Mosely, later the founder of Mosrite, was an apprentice at Rickenbacker under Rossmeisl.
In 1962 he moved to Fender, where he was responsible for the development of archtop and semi-acoustic guitars in the style of the Gibson ES-335, such as the Fender Coronado. Characteristic of his designs for Rickenbacker and Fender is the distinctive form of the guitar top: While traditional archtops have a uniform curvature similar to violins and cellos, Rossmeisl's designs have a strong bead on the slab edge and an almost flat surface in the center of the ceiling. This design feature is in English referred to as the "German Carve". While at Fender Rossmeisl hired the young Philip Kubicki, who went on to found his own company. After the Rossmeisl-designed Fender guitars were commercial failures, he returned in 1973 to Germany. He gave up guitar design and died in 1979 at the age of 52.


Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation

The Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation is an American nonprofit organization that raises private funding for the Blue Ridge Parkway, one of the most visited units of the National Park system. The Foundation works with the National Park Service, individuals, and organizations to address critical needs along the Blue Ridge Parkway.
Authority.
The Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation in Winston-Salem, North Carolina is a nonprofit organization classified as a 501(c)(3) by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation was created in 1997 by Dr. Houck Medford, to raise private funding for the Blue Ridge Parkway, one of the most visited units of the National Park system. In 2018, the Blue Ridge Parkway welcomed more than 14 million visitors.
The Foundation is governed by a volunteer Board of Trustees. Each Trustee is elected by their peers and serves a three-year term. The CEO runs the day-to-day operations of the Foundation, and is a paid staff member. The current CEO is Dr. Carolyn Ward.
The Foundation is not a membership organization. Its supporters are individuals, organizations, businesses and private and family foundations as well as participants in the North Carolina State Employees Campaign and the Combined Federal Campaign. A portion of funding for the Foundation comes from sales of the North Carolina Blue Ridge Parkway specialty license plate.
All supporters receive "The" "Scenic", a journal describing the Foundation's activities and improvement projects on the Blue Ridge Parkway. The Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation also has an electronic newsletter that is free to all subscribers and is available online, http://www.brpfoundation.org.
Purpose.
The Foundation exists to support Blue Ridge Parkway programs and projects related to cultural and historic preservation, education and outreach, natural resource protection, and enhanced visitor amenities. The Foundation's support of Parkway programs must meet two criteria: to have a lasting value and to enhance the quality of the visitor experience.
Priorities.
The Foundation works with National Park Service, individuals, and organizations to address critical needs along the Blue Ridge Parkway. Parkway programs and initiatives must meet two criteria: to have a lasting value and to enhance the quality of the visitor experience.
A major initiative of the Foundation is the rehabilitation of Moses H. Cone Memorial Park, located at milepost 294 on the Blue Ridge Parkway near Blowing Rock, North Carolina. The nonprofit is fundraising for $3 million worth of improvements and restoration projects, including repairs at Flat Top Manor and the surrounding carriage trails at the 3,500 acre park.
Since 2013, the Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation has funded concert programming at the Blue Ridge Music Center, located at milepost 213 on the Blue Ridge Parkway near Galax, Virginia, in keeping with the nonprofit’s goal to ensure cultural and historical preservation.
The Foundation also sponsors the Kids in Parks program, along with the Blue Ridge Parkway and the Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina Foundation. The program's mission is to increase physical activity of children and their families, decrease time spent using electronic devices, and engage a new generation of park stewards. Details about the Kids in Parks program can be found online at http://www.kidsinparks.com.
The Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2017. Past projects include the restoration of the Mabry Mill waterwheel, milepost 176, and the construction of restrooms at popular hiking location, Graveyard Fields, milepost 418.


Miyazawa Flutes

Miyazawa is a Japanese company that produces hand crafted professional flutes. The company, Miyazawa Flutes was founded in 1969 by Masashi Miyazawa. Its instruments are distributed worldwide and played by such musicians as Ian Clarke, Tadeu Coelho, Pierre-Yves Artaud, Jill Felber, Clare Southworth, Mihi Kim, Moshe Aron Epstein, Noémi Győri and Helen Manente.
Miyazawa flutes are made in a variety of metals including sterling and 958 silver, gold-silver alloy, 9k, 14k, 18k and 24k gold and platinum with options for customization.
History.
Masashi Miyazawa founded Miyazawa Flutes Mfg. Co., Ltd. in 1969. The Miyazawa headquarters is located in Asaka, Japan. Masashi Miyazawa is currently the Chairman, and the President is Kazu Miyazawa, the son of Masashi Miyazawa.
Miyazawa worked with Danish flutemaker, Johan Brögger, to produce flutes with the Brögger System. The Brögger System is a new type of key mechanism for which Miyazawa specifically owns the patent.
Models.
Miyazawa Flutes produces flutes with materials such as Silver-plated Nickel, Sterling Silver, Miyazawa's proprietary 958 Silver, as well as Gold and Gold-plated flutes including 9K, 14K, 24K, and Platinum purity levels. While the flutes are largely the same between the Japanese market and the Western market, there are different model designations depending on Eastern or Western market. To make models more confusing, the UK, listed under miyazawa.com as "/gb/flute-models" has another model system where most designations start with BR (example: BR-602) along with the specialty flutes being named as either Type I or Type II. There are numerous differences between the US models and UK models, even though some of the flutes share the same numbers, such as 402 and 602. For instance, the BR-602 is equivalent to the US "Miyazawa Vision" while the US 602 has similar specifications except the US 602 has silver plated keys and mechanism as opposed to the previously mentioned models where the body and head joint are made with Miyazawa's 958 Silver and the mechanism and keys are made with sterling silver.
The models according to (Western) equals (Eastern) markets:
102 = 102.
202 = Atelier-1
402 = Atelier-2
Vision = Atelier-3
Elite = TH
9K Gold = AZ
The Eastern market also has an 18K Gold option in addition to the Western market's 9K, 14K, 24K, and Platinum offerings.
Brögger System.
The Brögger System is a unique key mechanism which does not use the traditional key and mounting rod system of other flute manufacturers. Unlike the Brögger System, traditional flutes need to use flat springs which contact the body of the flute.


Hagik station

Hagik Station () is an under-construction railway station on Suin Line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system.


Richard Bender

Richard Bender is an architect and urban planner with extensive experience in urban, campus and community design. He also serves as dean emeritus and professor of architecture at the College of Environmental Design at the University of California at Berkeley. Bender has also taught at The Cooper Union, Columbia University, the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Swiss Federal Technical University, and the Instituto Universitario Arquitettura in Venice.
Bender has served as chairman of Berkeley's Department of Architecture, as associate dean for research in the College of Environmental Design, as director of the Campus Planning Study Group and the Urban Construction Laboratory at Berkeley. He has been the Visiting “GC-5” Professor of Urban Design and Construction at Tokyo University, and an honorary professor at the Université Europeene de Maitrise D’Oeuvre Urbaine in Cergy¬Pontoise, France. In the United States, he has been a member of the Federal Construction Council of the Building Research Advisory Board, an advisor to the National Endowment for the Arts, and a technical advisor to the National ‘Douglas Commission’ in Urban Problems.
According to biographer Elizabeth Douthitt Byrne, in Bender's “distinguished and wide-ranging international career in teaching and practice [he] has studied or worked with and/or been associated with some of the most influential artists, designers, builders and planners of the 20th and 21st centuries, including Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer, Josep Lluis Sert, Mark Rothko, Frank Lloyd Wright, Pete Seeger, Norman Mailer, Buckminster Fuller, Renzo Piano, Daniel Libeskind, Margaret Mead, Le Corbusier, Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, Saul Steinberg, I.M. Pei, Ada Louise Huxtable, Jean Nouvel, Fumihiko Maki, Reyner Banham, and many, many more. With his teaching and practice in New York, Greenland, Switzerland, France and Japan, he relishes learning and stimulating learning, bringing people together across disciplines.”
Bender was a founding director of the nonprofit BRIDGE Housing Corporation. He continues as an emeritus director. He served The Getty Trust as advisor during the design and construction of The Getty Center in Los Angeles. He has directed master plans for the Benesse Art Site on the Island of Naoshima, Japan and Nanyang Technical University in Singapore, as well as directing plans throughout the University of California System, including at The University of California at San Diego, UC Santa Cruz as well as UC Berkeley. Commemorating his important service to the University of California system, then Chancellor Chang-lin Tien awarded Bender the Berkeley Citation in 1990. At the ceremony, the chancellor noted that, “Dean Bender revitalized the planning process on the Berkeley Campus. He defined, instituted and led the Design Review Board. This has worked so well that he has been called upon by several other UC campuses to institute the concept there. And he has left his mark on so many building projects that it must truly be said of him, as for others like Frederick Law Olmsted and John Galen Howard, that the campus itself as a built environment is in significant part his monument.”
In 2012, Bender was honored with the creation of a fellowship at the College of Environmental Designed, which was named after him. "The Fellowship, established by an anonymous donor, will be used to support a dual-degree graduate student in the Department of City and Regional Planning and the Department of Architecture who focuses on the design of affordable housing in livable communities," building off Bender's legacy of affordability in community planning.
Publications.
"Selected Master Plans:"
"Books and Selected Chapters:"


Jakob Sandtner

Jakob Sandtner (born in Straubing, Germany) was a master turner and lived in the 16th century. For his time, he made amazingly precise city models of some Bavarian cities. The models are important cultural-historical documents and are among the oldest reliable city models.
Life.
Sandtner was born in Straubing; the year of birth is not known. Sandtner's first documentary mention dates from 1561. It can be assumed that he was already an established turner at this point; maybe he was already married. Apparently without an order, he made a scale model of Straubing made of linden wood, which was correctly measured down to the smallest detail. For his later models he took the freedom to slightly widen roads to highlight important buildings in a slightly larger scale for clarity.
When the city model was completed in 1568 and the Bavarian Duke Albrecht V. learned of the model of his residence, he bought it. He was very interested in the coverage of his territory, which was possible with unprecedented precision through new insights into the topography. A few years earlier, Albrecht had obliged the mathematician Philipp Apian to create a map of Bavaria. In succession, Albrecht commissioned Sandtner to produce additional city models for the remaining residential cities of Munich, Landshut, Ingolstadt and Burghausen, using a more detailed scale than the Straubing model. They were intended as jewelry for the Kunstkammer in Munich, which Albrecht had established around 1563/67, and after their completion were installed there as part of the Bavaria illustrata, which also included the Bavarian land tablets of Apian. Albrecht also wanted to use the models to express his claim to power over the residence cities of the Bavarian duchies, which had been reunited since the end of the War of the Succession of Landshut in 1506.
During these years Sandtner moved to Munich, where Albrecht paid for his maintenance. Not much is known about how Sandtner works, but due to the high level of detail in the models, the production must have been accompanied by extensive measurements. In addition, Sandtner was probably supported by assistants, because the last model was already completed in 1574. From 1576 Sandtner was employed by the workers at the ducal court. When Albrecht died in 1579, his son Wilhelm V. came to power. He resigned from Sandtner the following year. The reason for this decision may also have been the poor financial situation of the court. Sandtner then moved to Ingolstadt with his wife and children and hired himself as a soap maker. The sources report that Sandtner went on a trip to Venice - after that his traces of life are lost. Sandtner left four children.
City models.
The models of the Bavarian residence cities are now in the Bavarian National Museum in Munich.
A copy of the Straubing city model is placed in the entrance hall of the Gäubodenmuseum in Straubing.
Elector Maximilian I. subsequently added two building complexes to the Munich model: the Jesuit college with the Michaeliskirche and the extended residence buildings. A copy of the Munich city model can be found in the Munich Stadtmuseum.
The so-called large city model on behalf of Duke Albrecht V, and in 1571 a smaller one on behalf of the Ingolstadt city council. The small model and a copy of the large city model are in the Ingolstadt city museum.
A city model of Jerusalem also appears in the inventory of the Kunstkammer by Johann Baptist Fickler in 1598, which is also in the National Museum today. It is neither signed nor dated, but it has striking similarities in the way it was made to the other models, so it can be assumed that this too came from Sandtner and was made around 1570. However, this is a fictitious image, a so-called ideal model, not a real image that mixes different architectural styles in a right-angled grid of streets.
Sandtner also seems to have made a model of Rhodes, but it was not kept in the Kunstkammer and has been lost.


Herringbone gear

A herringbone gear, a specific type of double helical gear, is a special type of gear that is a side to side (not face to face) combination of two helical gears of opposite hands. From the top, each helical groove of this gear looks like the letter V, and many together form a herringbone pattern (resembling the bones of a fish such as a herring). Unlike helical gears, herringbone gears do not produce an additional axial load.
Like helical gears, they have the advantage of transferring power smoothly, because more than two teeth will be in mesh at any moment in time. Their advantage over the helical gears is that the side-thrust of one half is balanced by that of the other half. This means that herringbone gears can be used in torque gearboxes without requiring a substantial thrust bearing. Because of this, herringbone gears were an important step in the introduction of the steam turbine to marine propulsion.
Manufacture.
Precision herringbone gears are more difficult to manufacture than equivalent spur or helical gears and consequently are more expensive, so typically they are used in heavy machinery.
Where the oppositely angled teeth meet in the middle of a herringbone gear, the alignment may be such that tooth tip meets tooth tip, or the alignment may be staggered, so that tooth tip meets tooth trough. The latter alignment is the unique defining characteristic of a Wuest type herringbone gear, named after its inventor.
A disadvantage of the herringbone gear is that it cannot be cut by simple gear hobbing machines, as the cutter would run into the other half of the gear. Solutions to this have included assembling small gears by stacking two helical gears together, cutting the gears with a central groove to provide clearance, and (particularly in the early days) by casting the gears to an accurate pattern and without further machining. With the older method of fabrication, herringbone gears had a central channel separating the two oppositely-angled courses of teeth. This was necessary to permit the shaving tool to run out of the groove. The development of the Sykes gear shaper made it possible to have continuous teeth with no central gap. Sunderland, also in England, also produced a herringbone cutting machine. The Sykes uses cylindrical guides and round cutters; the Sunderland uses straight guides and rack-type cutters. The W. E. Sykes Co. dissolved in 1983–1984. Since then it has been common practice to obtain an older machine and rebuild it if necessary to create this unique type of gear. Recently, the Bourn and Koch company has developed a CNC-controlled derivation of the W. E. Sykes design called the HDS1600-300. This machine, like the Sykes gear shaper, has the ability to generate a true apex without the need for a clearance groove cut around the gear. This allows the gears to be used in positive displacement pumping applications, as well as power transmission. Helical gears with low weight, accuracy and strength may be 3D printed.
Citroën.
The logo of the car maker Citroën is a graphic representation of a herringbone gear, reflecting André Citroën's earlier involvement in the manufacture of these gears. Early Mors and Citroën cars used a herringbone bevel gear final drive in the rear axle.
Panhard Dyna X and successor cars (1948–1967) used double helical gears in the transaxle and for the camshaft timing gears in the engine.


Bert Meek

Bert Bookham Meek (September 2, 1883 - September 28, 1937) was a California engineer, agricultural entrepreneur, and public official. He is credited with the careful planning and expansion of California's water management and transportation infrastructure while serving as the state's Director of Public Works from 1927 to 1931.
Early career.
After completing high school in Redlands, CA, Meek studied civil engineering at the University of California at Berkeley, interrupting his studies several times with survey work to pay for his education. He joined a team with the Western Pacific Survey. He then worked with the Edison Electric Company in Los Angeles, the North California Mining Company in Butte and Plumas Counties, and the Gigante Mining Co. in El Salvador. From 1908 to 1910, he was the assistant engineer for the Feather River Canal Company.
Agriculture.
After researching the potential for olive cultivation and commercialization, Meek built up a holding at the foot of Table Mountain in Northern California, where he planted 1000 acres of olives. With business partners Judge John Carleton Gray and Orville C. Perry, he organized the Olive Products Company, with Meek serving as president and general manager. The plant crushed olives for oil and also canned pickled olives which were sold under the brand name Mt. Ida. A third generation farmer, he was active in studying and promoting methods to improve productivity. His contributions to the farming sector included serving as Vice President of the Butte County Farm Bureau, and an enthusiastic proponent of 4H clubs. He presided over the State Junior Livestock Show in 1934.
Public Service and Legacy.
In 1914, Meek was elected a member of the State Assembly for Butte County. He initiated legislation for the abatement of mosquitos causing malaria, and for the convict labor bill, which provided for paid employment of convicts to build public roads. He was a commissioner on the state board of prison directors from 1916 to 1927.
Meek was appointed as state Director of Public Works in 1927 under Governor C. C. Young. In this post, he implemented reforms including: competitive bidding on highways and bridges; a system of preparing detailed itemized budgets for roadways; introduction of long-term planning and engineering studies for the orderly development of California's state highway system; and, requirements for roadside beautification including recreation areas and restrictions on billboard permitting. He was involved with obtaining federal approval and funding for the California Water Conservation Act in 1929, and oversaw the completion of an in-depth State Water Plan in 1930. The completion of the Feather River Gateway Bridge was a milestone under his administration. Meek was a strong advocate for dedicating full resources to construction of the Oakland Bay Bridge, which opened in November, 1936.
Final years.
In 1931, Meek served as President of the California Lands Inc, the subsidiary of the Bank of America set up to liquidate farm holdings of borrowers who were unable to pay their mortgages. Then in 1932 until his death, Meek was Executive Vice President of the Hearst Corporation.
Personal life.
Meek was the son of Richard B. Meek, a native of Missouri, and Anna Susan Wilshire of Salt Lake City. In 1921, he married Laura Hanlon in Berkeley, CA; they had five children, and resided in Oroville, Sacramento, Stanford, and then in Atherton, CA.


Land mine situation in Chechnya

As of 2004, Chechnya was the most land mine-affected region in the world.
Since 1994, there have been widespread use of mines, by both sides. Russia is a party to the 1980 Convention on Conventional Weapons but not the 1996 protocol on mines, booby traps, and other devices. In addition to using hand-emplaced mines, Russian forces have also deployed anti-personnel mines from airplanes, helicopters and rockets, resulting in large tracts of mined land that is unmarked and unfenced. Most of this scatterable mining took place in 1999 and 2000. In addition, only half of the cluster munitions dropped in Chechnya actually detonated.
Urban areas (including civil buildings in the capital Grozny), villages, roads, fields, woods, mountain paths, bridges and rivers were mined. Eighty percent of minefields were unmarked. The most heavily mined areas are those in which rebels continue to put up resistance, namely the southern regions, as well as the borders of Chechnya.
No humanitarian mine clearance has taken place since the HALO Trust was evicted in December 1999, after the Russian government accused the organization of espionage and arrested some of their staff. In June 2002, Olara Otunnu, the United Nations Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict, estimated that there were 500,000 land mines placed in the region.
In September 2003, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines reported that almost 6,000 people, 938 of which were children, died or were injured by land mines in Chechnya in 2002, more than anywhere else in the world. It is an especially disturbing figure in a region whose population was less than one million people.
On April 4, 2006, UNICEF and European Commission said in a joint statement released in Moscow that over 3,030 people have been maimed or killed by land mines in the course of the second Chechen War (April 4 marked the first International Day for Mine Awareness). UNICEF has recorded 2,340 civilian land mine and unexploded ordnance casualties occurring in Chechnya between 1999 and the end of 2003.
In March 2007, Chechen government official said that "the overall number of people who suffered from mine explosions in Chechnya was 3,067 including 573 women (100 lethal cases), 2,494 men (604 killed) and 754 children including 131 killed in mine blasts." According to "Gazeta.ru", more people suffer from mines in Chechnya than in Afghanistan.


Michael Carver Trout

Michael Carver Trout (September 30, 1810 – June 25, 1873) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Biography.
Michael C. Trout was born in Hickory Township, Pennsylvania. He received a very limited education, and was employed as a hatter for three years and then became a carpenter and contractor. He served as president of the Hickory Township School Board for twenty years. He was elected burgess of Sharon in 1841, recorder of Mercer County, Pennsylvania, from 1842 to 1845, and prothonotary from 1846 to 1851.
Trout was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection and engaged in iron manufacturing, banking, and coal mining.
He died in Hickory Township in 1873. Interment in Morefield Cemetery in Hickory Township, near Sharon, Pennsylvania.


Baseline station

Baseline is a public transit station directly across from the main campus of Algonquin College in Ottawa's west end, near the intersection of Woodroffe Avenue and Baseline Road. Many Algonquin College students and Centrepointe residents use this station to get to various points in the city, and to and from the college. Several residential and business areas such as Centrepointe and College Square are also served by this station.
It is also a major transfer point for communities in the inner southwest part of Ottawa, making it one of the busiest stations. A small park and ride is also located here, which was the terminus for route 95 for many years until it was extended to Barrhaven. After this station, Route 74 and 75 buses leave the Transitway to travel on reserved bus lanes on Woodroffe Avenue, and re-enter the Transitway at the Nepean Sportsplex. Baseline Station was the first station to be constructed in 1983 when the Transitway was undergoing initial construction.
Expansion.
Baseline station has undergone a series of renovations, as part of the expansion of the Southwest Transitway, expansion of Algonquin College and future proofing for the expansion of the Line 1 LRT. The current plan involves the construction of a new station west of the current one, making room for the new Algonquin Centre for Construction Excellence (ACCE). The ultimate concept for the new station will allow passengers to transfer from buses to the Line 1 extension when it is completed in 2025.
Service.
The following routes currently serve Baseline:


Tamien station

Tamien is an intermodal passenger transportation station in the Tamien neighborhood of central San Jose, California, served by the VTA light rail and the Caltrain commuter rail line, along with bus connections The station has two elevated island platforms, one for each service. The two platforms are connected by a walkway at ground-level that is below the two platforms. The light rail platform is located in the center median of the State Route 87 freeway just north of the Alma Avenue overpass. The Caltrain platform is located between Lick Avenue and State Route 87, just north of Alma Avenue.
The station is served by the Blue Line of the VTA Light Rail system.
The station is named after the Tamien (also spelled Tamyen) who are some of the Ohlone, a Native American people.
History.
The light rail station opened on August 17, 1990. Caltrain service began on July 1, 1992 as part of an extension to Gilroy station.
Midday and weekend Caltrain service initially terminated at San Jose Diridon station, with bus shuttles to Tamien station. Weekend service and some off-peak service was extended to Tamien on December 14, 2020, eliminating the shuttles.
Caltrain is set to be electrified from San Francisco to Tamien by 2022. Services to Gilroy, beyond Tamien, will remain diesel-propelled.


Rutherford cable

A Rutherford cable is a way of forming a superconducting electrical cable, often used to generate magnetic fields in particle accelerators. The superconducting strands are arranged as a many-stranded helix that has been flattened into a rectangular cable, it can typically only be applied to flexible superconductors that can be drawn into wire such as the niobium-based superconductors used in the LHC. The cable is named after the Rutherford Laboratory where the cable design was developed.


Geislinger coupling

The Geislinger coupling is an all-metal coupling for rotating shafts. It is elastic in torsion, allowing it to absorb torsional vibration.
Unlike some other coupling types, it is not intended to compensate for high radial mis-alignment between shafts, but it can compensate axial misalignments better than elastomer couplings. The coupling may have a small ability to compensate for varying alignment, but if this is needed it is generally done through using an additional coupling in tandem. The coupling also runs at the same speed for input and output shafts, unlike a torque converter.
Development.
The design was invented by Dr. Ing. Leonhard Geislinger in 1958. Its first use was for large diesel engines in locomotives, but it is also widely used in ships.
Geislinger couplings are constructed inside robust enclosed steel housings. An outer housing and a central hub or "inner star" form the input and output drive members. Internally, the drive is transmitted through a number of radial leaf springs. The steel leaf springs are available in several configurations and the stiffness increases linear with displacement. These leaf springs are damped by a damping ring, the tips of the longest leaves engaging in splines in the inner star.
Hydraulic damping is provided, as the leaf springs are immersed in oil. Any movement of the spring plates must squeeze oil through the narrow gaps around them between the plates and the casing. As the springs have a high surface area, yet there is only a small gap between them and their housing, the damping factor can be high. Damping can be adjusted completely independent from the coupling's torsional stiffness. The oil used for damping is usually supplied by the engine lubrication system, through a drilling in the crankshaft. If this is unavailable, an oil-filled coupling can be used. This oil filling also aids lubrication and encourages a long service life.
Uses.
The coupling is mostly used on the output of large diesel engines. It isolates vibration between engines, shafts and driven components. A major benefit can be to avoid resonance problems where systems have a critical speed that must be avoided. Use of a damped coupling can shift this frequency to an unimportant speed, outside the engine operation speed range and damp resonance peak. The Geislinger coupling's ability to easily tailor its damping is valuable here to allow tuning for a particular frequency. The nearly linear torsional stiffness, makes it easy to calculate Torsional Vibrations.
Geislinger damper.
A related device is the Geislinger damper. This is broadly the same coupling, but both input and output shafts are connected to the same central hub. The massive outer casing is connected to this through similar leaf spring packs, but is free to move torsionally, with damping. It is used as a harmonic damper to control vibrations in shafts.
The steel springs are tuned to optimize the natural frequency of a system and engine oil is used to reduce torsional vibrations. Geislinger uses specially developed software to select the specific damper parameters which best protect the engine crank- and camshaft, as well as intermediate and propeller shafts from damage due to critical vibratory loads. The Geislinger Damper provides constant stiffness and very high damping over the damper life, independent of engine room temperature.


Jinyue Road station

Jinyue Road () is a station under construction on the future Line 14 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at the intersection of Jinyue Road and East Jinxiu Road in Pudong, the station is scheduled to open with the rest of Line 14 in 2020.


Science Centre station

Science Centre is an underground light rail transit (LRT) station and mobility hub under construction on Line 5 Eglinton, a new line that is part of the Toronto subway system. It will be located in the Flemingdon Park neighbourhood at the intersection of Don Mills Road and Eglinton Avenue. It is scheduled to open in 2022.
During the planning stages for Line 5 Eglinton, the station was given the working name "Don Mills". On November 23, 2015, a report to the TTC Board recommended giving a unique name to each station in the subway system (including Line 5 Eglinton). Thus, it was given its current name to both be more descriptive of the nearby Ontario Science Centre (in the same vein as Museum station), and to avoid confusion with the pre-existing Don Mills station on Line 4 Sheppard.
On April 10, 2019, the Ontario Government announced that Science Centre station would be the northern terminus for the proposed Ontario Line.
Description.
This station's main entrance will be built adjacent to the Ontario Science Centre at the southwest corner of the intersection with Don Mills Road. A secondary entrance will be on the opposite northeast corner, with a new bus terminal stretching beyond that to Gervais Drive. The TTC bus terminal will have seven bus bays as well as on-street bus connections. An underground, accessible passage will link the bus terminal to the LRT concourse level, which will have retail spaces. The station will provide 30 outdoor and 30 indoor bicycle parking spaces.
The underground Science Centre station was built using cut-and-cover methodology. The station is between two surface sections of the line. To travel under Don Mills Road, the line dips underground, passes through the station under the middle of Eglinton Avenue and re-emerges to the surface at the other side. To the west of Science Centre station, there is a facing-point crossover just beyond the ramp descending to the station's west portal. To the east of the station, there is a double crossover on the ramp descending to the station's east portal.
As part of a program to install artworks at major interchange stations along Line 5 Eglinton, Science Centre Station will feature an artwork titled "Total Lunar Eclipse" by British-American artist Sarah Morris. The artwork is a mural consisting of porcelain tiles that were silkscreened by hand. According to the artist, the artwork is a "wall painting" that "invites reflection on concepts of light, scale and motion through space".
The station's main entrance has louvres in the glass panels above the doors. Metrolinx predicts that the louvres "will be a well-known and a distinctive part of the transit destination's look".
Nearby landmarks.
Destinations include the Ontario Science Centre, the Flemingdon Park neighbourhood, the Celestica headquarters, the Foresters building, Real Canadian Superstore, and a Latter-day Saints meetinghouse.
Science Centre is one of the Crosstown stations that has been reported to have most excited developers. On April 3, 2017, "Urban Toronto" reported that the City's planning department's initiative for intersection had been named "Don Mills Crossing", while it would be accompanied by a plan for nearby properties, in 2018.
Surface connections.
The following routes would serve this station according to the report presented at the board meeting on February 25, 2016:


Joseph A. Ahearn

Joseph August Ahearn (September 5, 1936 - July 10, 2018) was a major general in the United States Air Force.
Biography.
Ahearn was born in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1936. He attended the University of Notre Dame and Syracuse University.
Career.
Ahearn joined the Air Force in 1958. His first assignment was at Vandenberg Air Force Base, where he was a construction engineer and programmer. From there, he was assigned to Goose Air Base in Happy Valley - Goose Bay, Newfoundland. In 1963, he transferred to Headquarters Eighth Air Force as a missile maintenance engineer before becoming Director of Engineering and Construction the following year.
Ahearn would be stationed in Frankfurt, West Germany from 1967 to 1970, at which time he was deployed to serve in the Vietnam War. After returning to the United States, he was named a squadron commander at Craig Air Force Base before transferring to Headquarters Air Training Command.
In 1976, Ahearn was assigned to The Pentagon, and in 1983, he returned to West Germany to serve as Deputy Chief of Staff for Engineering and Services at Headquarters United States Air Forces in Europe. He returned to The Pentagon in 1989 as Director of Engineering and Services in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics and Engineering and was named Civil Engineer, Headquarters U.S. Air Force in 1991.
His retirement was effective as of January 1, 1992. Next, he was employed by the engineering consulting firm CH2M HILL to secure work through Ahearn's connection with the Pentagon. The effectiveness of Ahearn's military/dictatorial approach to leadership as applied to civilian organizations was questioned by many at CH2M. In particular, several executives of CH2M's transportation executive team soon left the firm citing Ahearn as the impetus for their decision to leave. In retaliation, Ahearn applied pressure to blackball those executives and their affiliates. In particular, Tom Huntsinger, a longtime CH2M Hill executive and employee of over twenty five years who questioned Ahearn's unethical conduct. Huntsinger's career was impacted to the point that he became distraught and took his life. CH2M defended Ahearn's action as not being so "outrageous" as to be actionable under Colorado law, although engineering professional rules of conduct were found to have been violated by Ahearn, a story fabricated by those opposed to his hiring.
During his career, Ahearn became affiliated with the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Society of American Military Engineers, the National Society of Professional Engineers and the American Public Works Association. Additionally, he became a Centurion of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA. The Major General Joseph A. Ahearn Enlisted Leadership Award given by the Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency is named after him.
Awards he received include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star Medal, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters, the Air Force Commendation Medal, the Outstanding Unit Award with valor device and the Armed Forces Honor Medal of South Vietnam.
He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2010 "for contributions to improving the environment and transportation infrastructure through engineering and construction projects." In 2012, he received the Carroll H. Dunn Award of Excellence from the Construction Industry Institute.


Super Chikan

James "Super Chikan" Johnson is an American blues musician, based in Clarksdale, Mississippi. He is the nephew of fellow blues musician Big Jack Johnson.
One commentator noted that Super Chikan, Big Jack Johnson, Booba Barnes, R. L. Burnside, and Paul "Wine" Jones were "present-day exponents of an edgier, electrified version of the raw, uncut Delta blues sound."
Life and career.
Early life.
Super Chikan was born James Johnson in Darling, Mississippi on February 16, 1951. He spent his childhood moving from town to town in the Mississippi Delta and working on his family's farms. He was fond of the chickens on the farm, and before he was old enough to work in the fields, he would walk around talking to them. This led his friends to give him the nickname "Chikan Boy". At an early age, Johnson got his first rudimentary musical instrument, a diddley bow. As he grew up, he came up with new ways to improve and vary the sounds he could make with it, and in 1964, at the age of thirteen, he bought his first guitar, an acoustic model that had only two strings, from a Salvation Army store in Clarksdale.
Musical career.
As an adult, Super Chikan began driving a truck for a living. During the long stretches on the road, he began composing his own songs. When he showed some of the songs to his friends, they convinced him to go to a recording studio and record them. He then started playing with some renowned local musicians, but he decided he would rather perform on his own than try to conform his style to that of his bandmates. He did so, and in 1997 he released his debut album, "Blues Come Home to Roost", influenced by such musicians as Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, and Chuck Berry. He went on to release "What You See" (2000), "Shoot That Thang" (2001), "Chikan Supe" (2005), and "Sum Mo Chikan" (2007). In the Clarksdale area, he is probably best known for performing regularly at Morgan Freeman's Ground Zero blues club and for being Freeman's favorite blues performer. He also played support to Steven Seagal's band, Thunderbox.
Super Chikan's latest release was "Chikadelic", which was distributed by BluesTown Records. It was recorded in Notodden, Norway's Juke Joint Studios, and was released at the 2009 Notodden Blues Festival. Super Chikan was backed by Norway's Spoonful of Blues. In 2011, he was honored with a plaque on the Clarksdale Walk of Fame.
References.
Sources for "Sum Mo Chikan"
1. Liner notes on album
3. Royal Studios records and logs located in Memphis, Tennessee.
Sources for "Chikadelic"
1. Liner notes on album
2. Memphis and Shelby County Music Commission
3. Juke Joint Studios records and logs located in Notodden, Norway
Sources on "Okiesippi Blues"
1. Liner notes on album
2. Record label website
3. Royal Studios records and logs located in Memphis, Tennessee.


Riria Smith

Riria Smith (23 July 1935 – 28 November 2012) was a master in traditional Māori weaving from Northland in New Zealand. She was affiliated to the iwi Ngāti Kurī and the hapū Pohutiare of Te Aupōuri.
Biography.
Smith was born in 1935. She lived in Ahipara near Ninety Mile Beach in the north of New Zealand. Smith learnt from her parents and grandparents generations the art of weaving, including collecting and caring for the plants and natural dyes used in traditional Māori textiles. Her mother was a renowned weaver although Smith was the only one of her ten siblings to follow on with it.
Smith was one of eight weavers to be featured in the first international exhibition of contemporary weaving called "Amokura o te Maori." Smith's work was exhibited alongside Nora Pikia, Te Aue Davis, Puti Hineaupounamu Rare, Diggeress Te Kanawa, Florrie Berghan, Emily Schuster and Eddie Maxwell. It opened in London and then toured Europe.
Items of Smiths are held at the national museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, as well as in many marae her region of Northland. One of the items at Te Papa is a sail for a waka. A group of Northland weavers studied an original woven sail held in a collection in a museum in England, and then went about recreating what they had observed.
Smiths weaving technique tended towards patterning with undyed fibres, using a planned holes ("kupenga") and reverse leaf approach. Examples of her work are used by Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research (a New Zealand government research institution) to illustrate the weaving use of the New Zealand plant kuta or sedge ("Eleocharis sphacelata)."
She was appointed a member of the group Kahui Whiritoi. This group is a formal acknowledgement of master weavers in Aotearoa and is decided by New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute and the management committee of Te Roopu Raranga Whatu.
Her "tangi" (funeral) was held at Te Ohaaki Marae in Ahipara. She died after a long illness in 2012.


Paula Trock

Paula Trock (1889–1979) was a Danish weaver who began producing her own fabrics at the Troba workshop in Sønderborg in the early 1930s. In 1945, she established Spindegården near Vejen in the south of Jutland which she headed until 1969. There she developed innovative processes, producing a wide range of textiles, especially for use in the home. Trock's curtains were commissioned for the United Nations Headquarters in New York, for Marselisborg Palace in Aarhus, and for the Royal Yacht "Dannebrog".
Biography.
Born on 10 February 1889 in Holbæk, Paula Trock was the daughter of the dairy operator Peter Hermann Gottlieb Trock (1854–1920) and Elina Ida Maria Voss Sünckenberg (1850–1937). Together with her three siblings, she was brought up to appreciate the aesthetics of life and work by a mother who was involved in Denmark's Inner Mission and a father who gained a reputation for his cheeses.
In 1925, she entered Askov Højskole, a folk high school, where she established friendships with the prncipals, Karen and Jens Therkelsen Arnfred, and with Jenny la Cour, who introduced her to weaving. Hoping to make a career in weaving, in 1926 she made study trips to Sätergläntan in Dalarna, Sweden, Tavastehus, Finland, and Dartington Hall in Devon, England.
In 1928, supported by the weaver Else Kock and the housekeeping teacher Rigmore Seidelin-Larsen and in conjunction with Askov Højskole, she established a weaving school in Poul la Cour's former home. The curriculum consisted of a six-month course in practical weaving and three months' theory. Among the experts she brought in were Paulli Andersen (1906–1990) and Frances van Hall from the Netherlands. In 1934, the school moved to Sønderborghus on the island of Als, where the Troba weaving workshop was also established. Despite considerable success, in 1943 the Germans took the school over during the occupation.
In 1948, Trock opened the Spindegården production facility immediately adjacent to Askov High School. The textile artist Inge Bjørn became closely associated with the new establishment. It proved to be a pioneering development centre for experimentation with the use of new weaving materials, spinning techniques, and dying. She also worked with cellophane, creating curtains for the 1960 Milan Triennal. In 1970, she transferred the management of Spindegården to Hanne Vedel who had worked with her for many years. Vedel moved the production facility to Aabenraa, preserving Trock's designs and manufacturing processes. Trock's curtains were commissioned for the United Nations Headquarters in New York, for Marselisborg Palace in Aarhus, and for the Royal Yacht "Dannebrog".
For her outstanding work, Paula Trock received wide recognition including the Grand Prix for the 1935 and 1937 world exhibitions and gold medals for the Milan Triennials in 1954, 1957 and 1960. In 1959, she was honoured as a Knight of the Dannebrog. She died in Lunderskov on 18 November 1979. She is buried in Ørslev Cemetery in Kalundborg.


Charles Hedges McKinstry

Charles Hedges McKinstry (December 19, 1866 – November 29, 1961) was an engineer and army officer for the United States Military.
Early life and education.
McKinstry was born on December 19, 1866, in San Francisco, California. He attended the United States Military Academy and graduated in 1888, number two of forty-four in his class. Two of his classmates included Peyton C. March and Guy Henry Preston.
Military career.
McKinstry was an instructor of engineering in West Point for the Corps of Engineers at the Engineering School of Application from 1891 to 1893. On June 11, 1888, McKinstry made Second Lieutenant and on July 22, 1888, he was promoted to first lieutenant. On October 11, 1892, McKinstry became a Captain. Then on July 5, 1898, he became a Major. After becoming a Major, McKinstry went on to be in charge of defensive works and harbors improvements in Key West from 1898 to 1900. From 1901 to 1903, he was at the Engineer School in Willets Point, New York, as an instructor, which included instruction in astronomy. McKinstry moved on to Southern California during 1903–1906 to work on fortifications, rivers and harbors. On January 1, 1906, he became a lieutenant colonel. In 1909, McKinstry became Chief Engineer in the Philippine Island Division until 1911. On February 27, 1912, he was promoted to Brigadier General and then became Commander of the 158th Field Artillery Brigade on August 5, 1917. In 1919, McKinstry retired as a colonel.
Personal life.
On January 10, 1920, Lillie Lawrence McKinstry, his wife, died in Miami, Florida. McKinstry regained his rank of Brigadier General in June 1930. On November 29, 1961, McKinstry died in Santa Barbara, California.


Breitling Chronomat

The Breitling Chronomat is a watch that was released in 1941 in Switzerland by Breitling SA. Since then it has been one of the best selling watches produced by Breitling.
History.
The first Chronomat had a circular slide rule and its design followed the tension of the era for military watches. The movement of the first Chronomat was the Venus 175 with 17 jewels, a manual wind movement.
Current model.
The current Chronomat was released in 2009 and was the first watch produced entirely by Breitling, featuring the in-house B01 caliber. The previous model had a Valjoux "7750" movement. The B01 movement has a 70-hour power reserve and COSC certification.


Michael Seresin

Michael Stephen Seresin, ONZM BSC, (born 17 July 1942) is a New Zealand cinematographer, best known for several collaborations with the British director Alan Parker and for his work on the third Harry Potter film,
"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban". As a film director, Seresin directed "Homeboy", starring and written by Mickey Rourke.
In addition to his work in film, Seresin is a winemaker, having founded Seresin Estate in the Marlborough wine region in 1992.
He is the son of Harry Seresin (1919–1994), who was a key figure in the hospitality and café scene in Wellington, and brother of Ben Seresin, who is also a cinematographer.
In the 2009 New Year Honours, Seresin was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the film and wine industries.
His home in Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand was featured on the BBC's "The World's Most Extraordinary Homes".
Awards.
Nominations
Wins


B.B. Whitehouse

B.B. Whitehouse, later known as Whitehouse Brothers, were Brisbane based organ builders founded in the early 1900s.
The firms were founded by Benjamin Burton Whitehouse junior and Joseph Howell Whitehouse.


Benjamin Blyth

Benjamin Hall Blyth (14 July 1819 – 21 August 1866) was a Scottish civil engineer.
Life.
Blyth was born at 26 Minto St in Newington, Edinburgh the son of Robert Brittain Blyth, an iron merchant, and his wife, Barbara Cooper. He was their third son, and the first to survive to adulthood.
Blyth was trained as a railway engineer under an apprenticeship with Grainger & Miller, a railway contractor. In 1848 he established an engineering practice on the prestigious George Street (at no 124) in Edinburgh where it would remain for the next 100 years. In 1854, after his brother Edward Lawrence Ireland Blyth finished his own apprenticeship with Grainger & Miller, Benjamin took him into partnership of the renamed "B & E Blyth".
The practice did work for the Caledonian, Glasgow and South Western, Scottish Central, Dundee and Perth, Great North of Scotland and Portpatrick railway companies.
Blyth was a first cousin of Arthur Blyth, who was three times premier of South Australia in the 19th century. Their fathers were brothers. His older sister was Scottish philanthropist, educational and campaigner Phoebe Blyth.
Blyth married Mary Dudgeon Wright in Leith, Edinburgh, on 1 August 1848. They initially lived at 26 Minto Street in the south of Edinburgh. Mary took on clerical duties in the early stages of Blyth's company. From 1854 they lived at 12 Hope Terrace, Edinburgh.
Blyth died from diabetes aggravated by overwork at home in North Berwick on 21 August 1866 and is buried in the Grange Cemetery, being survived by his wife, seven sons and two daughters.
His wife died of cancer and meningitis in 1868, and their children were subsequently brought up by his wife's sister, Elizabeth Scotland Wright. His eldest son Benjamin Blyth II took over his father's practice and the company remains in business to this day as Blyth and Blyth.
His house served as the offices of Scottish Natural Heritage between 1950 and 2003 then reverted to its use as a family home.
Employees.
The harbour engineer, William Dyce Cay, worked under Blyth on the Castle Douglas to Portpatrick Railway in 1861.


HMS Blanche (H47)

HMS "Blanche" (H47) was a built for the Royal Navy around 1930. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, the ship spent considerable time in Spanish waters, enforcing the non-intervention measures agreed by Britain and France. She was attacked, but not damaged, by Nationalist bombers in early 1938 and was subsequently transferred to the Home Fleet. "Blanche" was sunk by a mine in November 1939, becoming the first British destroyer lost to enemy action in World War II.
Description.
"Blanche" displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum boilers. "Blanche" carried a maximum of of fuel oil that gave her a range of at . The ship's complement was 134 officers and men, although it increased to 142 during wartime.
The ship mounted four 45-calibre QF 4.7-inch Mk IX guns in single mounts. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, "Blanche" had two QF 2-pounder Mk II AA guns mounted on a platform between her funnels. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for torpedoes. One depth charge rail and two throwers were fitted; 20 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began.
Career.
The ship was ordered on 4 March 1929 from Hawthorn Leslie of Hebburn, under the 1928 Naval Programme. She was laid down on 29 July 1929, and launched on 29 May 1930, as the tenth RN ship to carry this name. "Blanche" was completed on 14 February 1931 at a cost of £225,195, excluding items supplied by the Admiralty such as guns, ammunition and communications equipment. After her commissioning, she was assigned to the 4th Destroyer Flotilla with the Mediterranean Fleet until 1936. The ship was refitted that year and reassigned, with her flotilla, to Home Fleet, after its completion. "Blanche" spent six months deployed off the southern Spanish coast during the Spanish Civil War, based in Gibraltar, evacuating British travellers including Laurie Lee. On 6 April 1937, the Spanish Nationalist cruiser "Almirante Cervera", which was taking part in a blockade of the Republican-held north of Spain, stopped the British merchant ship "Thorpehall", carrying a cargo of food, outside Bilbao. "Blanche" and sister ship responded to "Thorpehall"s distress signal, causing the Nationalist ships to break off and allowing "Thorpehall" to enter Bilbao. She was attacked by five Nationalist bombers on 6 March 1938, but they all missed. The ship received a brief overhaul at Portsmouth between 1 April and 11 June 1938 and was then assigned to the anti-submarine flotilla based at the Isle of Portland. During the Munich Crisis, "Blanche" was one of the destroyers that escorted the ocean liner and the battleship in the English Channel on 30 September. She was given a more thorough refit in Sheerness Dockyard between 1 April and 15 July 1939 and became the emergency destroyer at the Nore upon its completion.
"Blanche" was assigned to the 19th Destroyer Flotilla when World War II began and spent the next two months escorting convoys and patrolling in the Channel and North Sea. The ship and her sister were escorting the minelayer on the morning of 13 November in the Thames Estuary when they entered a minefield laid the night before by several German destroyers. "Adventure" and "Blanche" both struck mines; the latter lost all power and capsized at 0950. One man was killed and twelve more were wounded. She was the first British destroyer sunk by the Germans during the war.