Brantano UK

Brantano (UK) Ltd was a British shoe retailer, owned by Alteri Investors. The company was started in 1998 by the purchase of 47 Shoe City stores from the British Shoe Corporation by the Belgian retailer Brantano Footwear. It was owned by Macintosh Retail Group until it was bought by Alteri in October 2015. The company entered administration in March 2017 and closed its last store in June 2017; 901 people were made redundant.
History.
The company originated from a small factory in Lede, East Flanders operated by Andre Brantegem and his brother. Following the fall of the "Shoe City" in mid-1990s, Brantano took over it.
Between 2008 and 2010, Brantano refurbished their stores to bring a new modern style to coincide with the television advertisement airing. In 2009, Brantano introduced a new concept of layout, by laying out merchandise in styles rather than sizes.
In November 2011, Brantano opened their new website including many new features and a new streamlined design.
In 2015, Brantano opened 36 new stores in the UK, and planned to expand into 2015-2016 to open many more stores.
The company was purchased along with its sister company Jones Bootmaker by restructuring specialist Alteri Investors in October 2015 for £12 million. In January 2016, Brantano UK filed for administration and was bought back by Alteri.
Alteri filed an intention to appoint administrators for Jones on 15 March 2017, and entered Brantano into administration for a second time on 22 March 2017. All stores have since closed.
Brands.
Brantano has their own brands manufactured by external companies:
Advertising.
Brantano UK Ltd launched a television advert, which features a fictional psychologist called Anne-Marie Brantano, portrayed as one of the giants of twentieth century psychology along with Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. She is supposed to have discovered the 'sling-back synapse'; an imaginary part of the female brain in the shape of a shoe, which reveals what women want from their shoe shopping experience. It also describes the condition "shoe rage". The concept of the campaign was to change the public's perception of Brantano from a discount warehouse, to a high fashion, affordable shoe megastore.
Charity.
Brantano UK has been helping to raise money for the baby charity Tommy's since 2008 and have raised £104,751.48 so far through its in-store fundraising events.


The Outsyders

The Outsyders Dean Beresford (Deaneaux), Kamran Main (KAM), Ervin Ward (Wiz Kid), Rapheal Akinyemi(Ro.A), was a production team from Atlanta, Georgia. Their writing and production talents were first featured on "Womanizer," from Britney Spears' sixth studio album "Circus". The single was officially released on September 26, 2008 and peaked at No. 1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 on October 15, 2008, setting a new record on the "Billboard" Hot 100 making a near-maximum 96-1 rise. The team also received a grammy for the 2009 Grammy Awards in the category of best pop dance song. The group was featured on "Oh-Oh, Yeah-Yea" from Keyshia Cole's 2008 album "A Different Me" and more.


Sean K. Reynolds

Sean K. Reynolds is an American professional game designer, who has worked on and co-written a number of "Dungeons & Dragons" supplements for Wizards of the Coast, as well as material for other companies.
Early life and inspiration.
Sean Reynolds was born in Chula Vista, California, and grew up there. He was introduced to the "Dungeons & Dragons" game (with the red "Basic Set" and the blue "Expert Set") in 1980 by his cousin, and soon began playing the "AD&D" game.
TSR and Wizards of the Coast.
Reynolds began working for Time Warner Interactive in 1994, to develop their America Online and websites. Reynolds first entered the role-playing game industry in 1995, when he was hired by TSR as their online coordinator, beating out Bruce Cordell for the same position. According to Reynolds, "I had two goals: to get TSR a website, and to change the company's then-restrictive online policy to something more reasonable." When TSR was bought out by Wizards of the Coast, Reynolds moved to Washington and worked on Wizards' pre-existing website. Reynolds considers one of his greatest achievements of this time to be the fact that he got TSR/Wotc to relax its "draconian" online policy—enforcement of which in the past was the cause of much bad blood between the company and fans. Wizards of the Coast had a much more open online policy, so Reynolds applied for a job in the company's R&D division as a game designer. He designed such products as "The Scarlet Brotherhood" for "AD&D", "Beyond Science: A Guide to FX" for the "Alternity" game, and "The Green Goblin's Guide to Crime" for the "Marvel Super Heroes Adventure Game". Reynolds also did some design work such as writing RPGA adventures and contributing to "Children of the Night: Ghosts".
By 1998, Reynolds had left his web position and was working full-time for WotC as a designer as part of "Team Greyhawk," the creative team tasked with revitalizing TSR/WotC's oldest campaign setting.
Reynolds also contributed to the 3rd edition "D&D" "Monster Manual", introducing some new creatures such as the krenshar.
After Wizards of the Coast.
Reynolds was laid off from WotC in 2002, and afterwards formed his own self-publishing company, "Sean K Reynolds Games." He continued to freelance in the d20 industry while working as an IP developer at Upper Deck. Reynolds was let go from Upper Deck in 2008 and contacted Erik Mona at Paizo Publishing looking to do freelance work, and learned there was a job opportunity due to developer Mike McArtor leaving. In July 2008, Paizo hired Reynolds as a developer on the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game. Jason Bulmahn has described him as a "critical part of the design team". In March 2014, Sean left Paizo to move to Indiana and in May 2014 he announced that he was returning to Seattle and Wizards of the Coast for a contract position managing their third-party licensing.
Publications.
Books he has worked on for the d20-based 3rd edition include the "Living Greyhawk Gazetteer", "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting", "Savage Species", and "Ghostwalk" (co-written with Monte Cook).
The "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" won the Origins Award for Best Role-Playing Game Supplement of 2001. It made the Amazon.ca bestseller list at number 47 in September 2002. Reynolds identified the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" as his favorite individual product from throughout his career, stating that it "was a huge amount of work but was so worth it because it is a great product". In May 2003 his book "Races of Faerun" (co-authored with Matt Forbeck, James Jacobs, and Eric L. Boyd) landed on the same bestseller list at number 42.


Costume Designers Guild Awards 2006

9th CDG Awards

February, 2007
Contemporary:

 The Queen
Fantasy:

 Pan's Labyrinth
Period:

 Curse of the Golden Flower
The 9th Costume Designers Guild Awards, given in 2007, honoured the best costume designs in film and television for 2006.
Winners and nominees.
Film.
 Contemporary Film:
 Fantasy Film:
 Period Film:
Television.
 Contemporary Series:
 Fantasy or Period Series:
 Miniseries or Television Film:


Made in Milan

Made in Milan is a 1990 short documentary film about fashion designer Giorgio Armani; it shows him preparing for a show and discusses his ideas about fashion, his family history and the city of Milan. It was directed by Martin Scorsese. It was Scorsese's first short film since the 1967 "The Big Shave", his first documentary since the 1978 "The Last Waltz", and his first (and so far only) documentary short.


Gioseffo Zarlino

Gioseffo Zarlino (31 January or 22 March 1517 – 4 February 1590) was an Italian music theorist and composer of the Renaissance. He was possibly the most famous European music theorist between Aristoxenus and Rameau, and made a large contribution to the theory of counterpoint as well as to musical tuning.
Life.
Zarlino was born in Chioggia, near Venice. His early education was with the Franciscans, and he later joined the order himself. In 1536 he was a singer at Chioggia Cathedral, and by 1539 he not only became a deacon, but also principal organist. In 1540 he was ordained, and in 1541 went to Venice to study with the famous contrapuntist and "maestro di cappella" of Saint Mark's, Adrian Willaert.
In 1565, on the resignation of Cipriano de Rore, Zarlino took over the post of "maestro di cappella" of St. Mark's, one of the most prestigious musical positions in Italy, and held it until his death. While "maestro di cappella" he taught some of the principal figures of the Venetian school of composers, including Claudio Merulo, Girolamo Diruta, and Giovanni Croce, as well as Vincenzo Galilei, the father of the astronomer, and the famous reactionary polemicist Giovanni Artusi.
Works and influence.
While he was a moderately prolific composer, and his motets are polished and display a mastery of canonic counterpoint, his principal claim to fame was his work as a theorist. While Pietro Aaron may have been the first theorist to describe a version of meantone, Zarlino seems to have been the first to do so with exactitude, describing 2/7-comma meantone in his "Le istitutioni harmoniche" in 1558. Zarlino also described the 1/4-comma meantone and 1/3-comma meantone, considering all three temperaments to be usable. These are the precursors to the 50- 31- and 19-tone equal temperaments, respectively. In his "Dimostrationi harmoniche" of 1571, he revised the numbering of modes to make the finales of the mode conform to the notes of the natural hexachord.
Zarlino was the first to theorize the primacy of triad over interval as a means of structuring harmony. His exposition of just intonation based on proportions within the "Senario" (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and 8 is a departure from the previously established Pythagorean diatonic system as passed on by Boethius. See: Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale. He was also one of the first theorists to offer an explanation for the prohibition of parallel fifths and octaves in counterpoint, and to study the effect and harmonic implications of the false relation.
Zarlino's writings, primarily published by Francesco Franceschi, spread throughout Europe at the end of the 16th century. Translations and annotated versions were common in France, Germany, as well as in the Netherlands among students of Sweelinck, thus influencing the next generation of musicians who represented the early Baroque style.
Zarlino's compositions are more conservative in idiom than those of many of his contemporaries. His madrigals avoid the homophonic textures commonly used by other composers, remaining polyphonic throughout, in the manner of his motets. His works were published between 1549 and 1567, and include 41 motets, mostly for five and six voices, and 13 secular works, mostly madrigals, for four and five voices. His 10 motets on the Song of Songs used the text of Isidoro Chiari's translation of the Bible.


I Hate Running Backwards

I Hate Running Backwards is a 2018 shoot 'em up game developed by Binx Interactive and published by Devolver Digital. One or two players traverse procedurally generated levels using several characters, including Sam "Serious" Stone, the protagonist of the "Serious Sam" series. The screen scrolls vertically as the player character runs backwards through a partially destructible environment and battles enemies approaching from the bottom of the screen. The player can use two weapons, a melee attack, and an "ultimate" ability that requires the prior defeat of several enemies.
"I Hate Running Backwards" was born out of a mobile driving game presented to and reworked in cooperation with Croteam. As part of the Croteam Incubator programme, it was moved to the "Serious Sam" franchise and renamed "Serious Sam: I Hate Running Backwards", later "I Hate Running Backwards". A publishing deal with Devolver Digital was reached in 2017, and the game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in May 2018 as the first Croteam Incubator game. The release was followed by a Linux version in June 2018 and a Nintendo Switch port that October.
"I Hate Running Backwards" was met with a mixed reception. The game's control interface and arsenal were well received, while the visual style and character unlock system raised conflicting opinions. The game's slow pace, repetitiveness, and inconsistencies in difficulty between runs were criticised, although some of these issues were resolved through later patches.
Gameplay.
"I Hate Running Backwards" is a shoot 'em up game and a spin-off in the "Serious Sam" series. The screen continuously scrolls vertically, as the player character runs backwards towards the top of the screen. They traverse procedurally generated levels of five thematic environments, occasionally using vehicles. The player can freely move the character on the screen and shoot downwards with a fixed aim.
The character wields two ranged weapons that are fired individually. Running out of ammunition for the primary weapon reverts it to a pistol with unlimited ammunition. Further weapons and special abilities can be obtained through collectables. Using a melee attack, the character can deflect enemies' projectiles and kill nearby enemies. This attack can be used again after a cooldown. A special attack, the "ultimate" ability, requires filling a meter by killing enemies. Enemies approach from the bottom of the screen. A boss appears at the end of each environment, of which the final one, Ugh-Zan, has two phases. Defeating a boss unlocks a shortcut to the next level that can be accessed at the start of a run. After each boss and before the start of a run, the initial weapon loadout can be chosen, where later selection stages provide stronger weapons. Parts of the environment are destructible.
The player chooses from one of several characters, some of whom were taken from the "Serious Sam", "Broforce", "Hotline Miami", "Enter the Gungeon", "Nuclear Throne" and "Shadow Warrior" franchises, including "Serious Sam"s protagonist, Sam "Serious" Stone. The initial roster consists of three characters, while further are unlocked through in-game progress. All characters have varying weapon loadouts, health, and speed. "I Hate Running Backwards" can be played cooperatively with a second local player. In this mode, more enemies spawn and bosses have more health. If either player character dies, they respawn after 30 seconds if the other stays alive.
Development and release.
"I Hate Running Backwards" was developed by Binx Interactive, an indie game studio based in Zagreb. When the studio was founded in 2014, its employees had little knowledge of game development and no funding, wherefore many worked second jobs at other local developers and provided quality assurance to other studios, which often made for 15-hour workdays. Binx Interactive initially created mobile games, of which some were cancelled due to a lack of resources. The studio's debut game was "Monster Loops", which it co-developed with the Serbian studio Mad Head Games for iOS.
In 2016, Binx Interactive travelled to the Reboot Develop conference in Split to exhibit "Monster Loops". Some members of the studio approached Damjan Mravunac, the composer from Croteam, with a prototype of a mobile driving game. This prototype, created by two Binx Interactive employees in their free time, involved tapping the touchscreen to make a car turn, drift and spin. Mravunac suggested several changes, which the team delivered three days later. Stemming from this encounter, Binx Interactive and Croteam communicated weekly and, after approximately a month, Croteam suggested that Binx Interactive build a game in the "Serious Sam" universe. Within a month, the team reworked the game with elements from the "Serious Sam" franchise and presented a prototype to Croteam, which greenlit the project. By November 2017, Binx Interactive consisted of six full-time employees and one part-time worker. Among them were chief executive officer Bernard Bachrach, visual effects artist and designer Filip Kovač, 2D/3D artist and designer Matko Šimecki, programmer Nikola Đurinec, and programmer and studio co-director Denis Mraović, as well as Luka Mihaldinec, who created promotional artwork. The team used the Unity game engine for "I Hate Running Backwards".
In 2017, Croteam arranged a publishing deal for the game with Devolver Digital, which had published several of Croteam's previous games, including "Serious Sam" titles. This partnership was announced with a trailer in August that year. Around this time, the project was named "Serious Sam: I Hate Running Backwards", later shortened to "I Hate Running Backwards". The name was taken from a quote issued by Sam "Serious" Stone after travelling long distances in reverse. Croteam and Devolver Digital lent Binx Interactive creative control in the development, only sometimes giving advice. In March 2018, Croteam announced that its business incubator programme would be known as Croteam Incubator, with "I Hate Running Backwards" to be the first release under that banner. A trailer announcing the release date was published in May 2018.
The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on 22 May 2018. A Linux version was postponed for additional testing before being released on 28 June 2018. A port for Nintendo Switch was initially scheduled for "late summer" 2018 and was released on 19 October. The developers also considered bringing the game to iOS. Following the initial release, Binx Interactive released multiple patches for "I Hate Running Backwards". In a February 2019 questions-and-answers session, the team stated that development had concluded so that Binx Interactive could focus on future projects.
Reception.
"I Hate Running Backwards" was named among the best games exhibited at the PAX East trade show by "GamesRadar+" in April 2018, a month prior to the game's release. Upon release, the game received "mixed or average reviews", according to the review aggregator website Metacritic. The website calculated normalised ratings of 71/100 for the personal computer release, 63/100 for the PlayStation 4 version, and 65/100 on Xbox One.
Robert Purchese of "Eurogamer" described the game as a "fun and fast" arcade game, akin to his experience with "Broforce". Peter Glagowski of "Destructoid" commended the simple control interface and fixed line of fire, which he found made the game more navigable. However, he and Julia Gomez of "Nintendo World Report" faulted the procedural generation, including inconsistent placements of collectables and enemies, for causing difficulty imbalances between runs. Furthermore, Glagowski lamented that the progress required to unlock characters was unclear. In contrast, Gomez considered them a good reward system. Discussing the weaponry, Ángel Llamas of "IGN"s Spanish outlet highlighted the expansiveness of the available arsenal, while Purchese labelled the individual weapons as "imaginative".
Purchese also enjoyed the "bright" visual style of "I Hate Running Backwards". David Hollingworth of "PC PowerPlay" echoed this sentiment, calling it "chaotic in the all the best ways". Llamas similarly perceived the visuals as chaotic where there were many enemies on-screen.
Critics raised mixed opinions regarding the game's pacing. While Hollingworth and Gomez lauded the ease of repeatedly commencing a run in the game, Llamas considered the game repetitive in longer sessions and regarded it better suited for mobile platforms. Glagowski deemed the game's slow pace its biggest problem and criticised that the shortcuts were not saved between restarts of the game. He later said that several of his complaints, in particular those regarding the pace and shortcuts, were resolved by a patch.


Ashima Sharma

Ashima Sharma is an Indian fashion designer and artist.
Work details.
Sharma started off her career in fine arts initially but later went on to become a fashion designer in India as she wanted to start a clothing line. She has a statement style of bling and metal elements in her designs.
Ashima s couture.
Sharma has launched her own clothing line by the name of ASHIMA S COUTURE.


Tier list

A tier list is a list of playable characters or other elements of a video game, subjectively ranked by their respective viability in high-level competitive settings. Characters listed high on a tier list of a specific game are considered to be powerful characters compared to lower-scoring characters, and are therefore more likely to be used during tournaments. Tier lists are popular in fighting games such as the "Street Fighter" and "Super Smash Bros." series, and multiplayer online battle arena titles such as "League of Legends" and "Dota 2", in addition to hero shooter titles such as "Overwatch" and "Paladins".
Methodology.
When a competitive game gets an update, a question that arises is how the changes in the game will affect the tier list. Even when no balancing changes actually took place, the inclusion of new characters or new systems can affect tier lists. In fighting games, the strength of a character is always held relative to that of other characters, meaning that something that is strong in one fighting game does not necessarily have to be strong in another. The metagame may shift over time as dominant strategies get overturned using less popular characters.
Tier rankings may be listed using letter gradings. The competitive community surrounding "Guilty Gear Xrd", for instance, ranks characters as 'S', 'S-', 'A+', and 'A', where 'S tiers' are particularly powerful and 'A tiers' less so. Major video game news websites such as "The Daily Dot" and "Kotaku" may publish their own tier lists for popular games. 'S' tier may mean "Superb" or "Super" and may originate from academic grading in Japan.
For a game like "Super Smash Bros. Melee", which was released in 2001 and has not been updated since, but is still popular in tournament settings, characters originally overpowered remain that way, due to their inability to receive character balancing updates. Different versions of the game may have different tier lists as well. The website "Smashboards" bases its yearly tier lists for the "Super Smash Bros." series on polling results.
Impact.
Writing for "Kotaku", Maddy Myers noted that characters that are considered low-tier have an advantage over higher-tiered characters, as players have less experience dealing with low-tier characters and often underestimate them. Myers stated that "the element of surprise can only get you so far, but it's still an undeniable asset. And one that the bottom third of every tier list enjoys." Already popular characters may also rise in tier lists because high-level players establish and iterate on their combos and techniques. Myers also noted that tier lists are less useful in team-based games, because character roles and team composition introduce a complex set of variables.


Jacqueline Casey

Jacqueline S. Casey (20 April 1927 – 18 May 1992) was a graphic designer best known for the posters she created for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). While practicing a functional Modernism, Jacqueline S. Casey was a graphic designer in the Office of Publications (later retitled the Office of Design Services) from 1955 to 1989 and assigned the position as director in 1972. In discussing her design, Casey stated, "My work combines two cultures: The American interest in visual metaphor on the one hand, and the Swiss fascination with planning, fastidiousness, and control over technical execution on the other."
Background.
Casey was born in 1927 in Quincy, Massachusetts. She studied for a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in fashion design and illustration at the Massachusetts College of Art (MassArt), graduating in 1949. After graduating, she had a number of jobs, including work in interior design and advertising, however she never obtained a job she was completely interested in; she stated, "I broke the negative cycle by traveling through Europe for three months" and came back "with the decision to focus my life on something related to the arts... to develop my visual sensitivity." In 1955, Casey designed summer session materials after acquiring a job at MIT’s Office of Publications. This was recommended to her by her friend, Muriel R. Cooper, who also attended MassArt. Casey stated, “In my early days at MIT, a designer working on summer materials would interview faculty and have a mini-course in a subject such as radio isotopes from the professor in charge. There was an opportunity to learn something new every day.”
MIT.
The professional quality and creative additions to design are what made the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's campus design group widely respected in the field. MIT is acknowledged as the first American college to employ graphic designers as part of the faculty, and Jacqueline Casey was one of the few who were hired. The prototype for the university press at MIT was implemented by the graphic designers, known for their meticulous and straightforward style of their typography. Campus projects, programs, cultural and scientific events were advertised to society through the group designer's works.
In 1955, she was recruited by fellow MassArt alumna Muriel Cooper to work at the Office of Publications at MIT. In 1972, Casey became Director, taking over this position as her colleague joined the MIT faculty. The two women were among the few working at this professional level at MIT of the time.
During her tenure as Director, Casey became known for designing distinctive publicity posters for MIT events, working alongside Ralph Coburn and Dietmar Winkler. Casey's designs were influenced by the International Typographic Style recently developed in Switzerland, particularly designers such as Karl Gerstner, Armin Hofmann and Josef Müller-Brockmann.
Casey's posters generally consisted of a striking image or bold typography, accompanied by informational details in smaller text. She often used typographic wordplay and visual puns in her work. Speaking of her designs in 1988, she said: "My job is to stop anyone I can with an arresting or puzzling image, and entice the viewer to read the message in small type and above all to attend the exhibition."
As well as being used for promotion of on-campus events and in MIT publications, Casey's work was exhibited at MIT, the Chelsea School of Art in London, and the London College of Printing.
Casey retired from her role as director in 1989, but continued to work as a visiting scholar at the MIT Media Laboratory.
Legacy.
Casey's work is held in the permanent collections of the Library of Congress, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the Cooper-Hewitt Museum.
The MIT Museum mounted an exhibition of Casey's graphic work in 1992, and again in 2012. In addition to the MIT holdings, the Rochester Institute of Technology has a collection of 99 posters, donated posthumously at the designer's request.
Works & Exhibitions.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
"Give Blood". 1983.
"Arts on the Line". 1980.
Poster for "Coffee Hour". 1979.
"Ger Dekkers (New Dutch Landscape)" Exhibition Poster. 1979.
"Mediums of Language". 1977.
"Art and Environment". Poster for MIT’s "Center for Advanced Visual Studies", 1972.
Poster for "Octave of Prayer". 1972.
"Goya: The Disasters of War". 1971.
"Six Artists" Exhibition Poster. 1970.
Poster for "Open House". 1969.
Poster for "The Moon Show". 1969.
Poster for "Center for Space Research". 1968.
"Light 7" Exhibition Poster. 1968.
"Miscellaneous Motions of Kinetic Sculpture". 1967.
Poster for "Boston Visual Arts Union". Hayden Gallery.
Poster for "MIT Gospel Choir: God Is..."
Poster for "MIT Gospel Choir: There Is NoGreaterLove".
"LincolnLab Recruitment Poster".
"Walking in the Spirit: A Celebration of Gospel Music".
North Carolina State University
"Furniture by Architects" Exhibition Poster. 1981.
Two Views/Peter Berg, Two Sculptures/Ed Rothfarb. 1979.
"MIT Symphony Orchestra Tour 1973". 1973.
"Medicine of the Future". 1971.
"Monuments to Malcolm X Poster". 1970.
"Stop Oil Pollution". 1970.
"Library Booklet Cover". 1967.
"Ocean Engineering Recruitment Poster". 1967.
"Humanities Series Concerts". 1966.
"Corners" Exhibition Poster.
"Presidents' Ball Poster".
"Technology and Policy Program at MIT".
Rochester Institute of Technology
"Jacqueline Casey". 1990.
"Academic Honesty: Are Our Standards Clear?." 1984.
"Elijah: Felix Mendelssohn". 1984.
"James Turrell: An Installation". Wallace Library. 1983.
"Constructed Color: Sculpture by James Biederman, James Hoberman, Steve Keister, Lizbeth Marano, George Mayocole". Wallace Library. 1982.
"Great Big Drawings". Wallace Library. 1982.
"Intimate Architecture: Contemporary Clothing Design". Wallace Library. 1982.
"4 Painters". Wallace Library. 1981.
"Body Language". Wallace Library. 1981.
"The Computer: From Counting To Cognition". 1979.
"Chemistry at MIT". 1978.
"Cancer:" S"ymposium on the Occasion of the Dedication of the Seeley G. Mudd Building". 1975.
"Brassai, The Eye of Paris: An Exhibition of Photographs". 1974.
"Fredrich St. Florian Projects". Wallace Library. 1973.
"A Spring Festival of Music 1972 in Honor of Klaus Liepmann". 1972.
Poster for "Faculty-Student Exchange Program". 1972.
"Lift Equilibrium: An Outdoor Experiment". 1969.
"Hans Haacke" Exhibition Poster. Wallace Library. 1967.
"Aesthetics of Progress".
"Helène Aylon".
"Seven Montreal Painters".
Other
Casey, Jacqueline S. & Small, David. "Fives". Visible Language Workshop, October 1990.
"Russia, USA Peace". 1985.
Judge at "Creativity on Paper" exhibition. Sponsored by "Art Direction" magazine, 1966.
Awards and honors.
Casey has received numerous awards and honors for her work, including:


Lahore School of Fashion Design

The Lahore School of Fashion Design, referred to as LSFD, is a private institute focused on Art and design education. It is located in Lahore.
Location.
The campus is situated in 67/5 Usman Block, Opp Punjab University Hostel No 4 Garden town, Khayaban e Jamia Punjab, Lahore.
Contact number (92) 42-35864868-9
Admission.
For Degree the requirements are F.A/F.Sc/A-Level (Minimum 3 main subjects, no subsidiary) or equivalent (Minimum 50% marks). Students awaiting results are also eligible for provisional admission.
Equivalence certificates are required at the time of interview from candidates who apply on the basis of an examination other than F.A/ F.Sc. Applicants will have to appear in compulsory per-admission aptitude test followed by an interview.
Affiliation.
The institute is affiliated with the University of Sargodha and offers a 4-year degree program of Bachelors in Art and Design, and 1-2 year diploma courses in Fashion Designing, Textile, Interior Designing, Graphic Designing and Fine Arts. Short courses are also being offered such as photography, sculpture, painting, jewelry making etc.
Alumni.
LSFD graduates are working as entrepreneurs, creative directors, designers, pattern makers and interior designers for brands internationally and in Pakistan.


Chukka boot

Chukka boots () are ankle-high leather boots with suede or leather uppers, leather or rubber soles, and open lacing with two or three pairs of eyelets. The name "chukka" possibly comes from the game of polo, where a chukka is a period of play.
Generally, "chukka boot" refers to a form of desert boots originally worn by British soldiers in the Western Desert Campaign of World War II.
Materials and style.
Chukkas are usually made from calfskin or suede, although they can be made from other materials. The style first became popular in the late 1940s through the 1960s as casual wear. In the 21st century, chukkas persist as a popular menswear shoe, particularly in the United Kingdom. They can be worn with both suits and more casual wear like jeans.
According to shoe historian June Swann, the essential chukka boot is ankle-high, open-laced, and unlined, with two to three pairs of eyelets, thin leather soles, calfskin suede uppers in two parts (each from a single piece of leather; quarters sewn on top of vamp), and rounded toes.
Desert boot.
A desert boot is a chukka boot with crepe rubber soles and, typically, suede uppers. Desert boots were popularized in the 1950s by UK shoe company C. & J. Clark.
Desert boots were officially introduced to the world with the debut of the Clarks' Desert Boot at the 1949 Chicago Shoe Fair. After feature coverage in "Esquire" magazine, their popularity took off. According to Clarks, inspiration came from "the crepe-soled, rough suede boots made in Cairo's Khan el-Khalili bazaar for British Eighth Army officers."
These boots were based on the South African veldskoen which became a popular footwear item in Southern Africa due to their robust and simple design. Often being bought by soldiers for use in the various bush wars of the region, they have become popular across the world as "desert boots".


Tariq Umar Khan

Tariq Umar Khan (born on 12 September 1976) is an Indian production designer, art director, and film director who works in Bollywood (Hindi cinema). His film "The Good Road" was selected as the Indian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards.
Beside art direction and production design, he is the founder of an emerging production company called Alt-J films. He recently produced an experimental feature film Mona Darling which is distributed By Vashu Bhagnani. His next film as producer is Mi'raj (Post Production).
Early life and background.
Khan was born and brought up in Faizabad Uttar Pradesh in Abdul Sattar Khan s/o Laal khan house , . He is married to Nadiri Tariq Khan and is a father of two daughter Filzah khan and Hifza khan . Tariq is the son of Late Abdul Sattar Khan, who was working as a bus conductor in Mumbai. Under his elder brother, H Umar Khan, a known Art Director, he got a chance to work in the crown studio with a studio manager. Tariq got inspired by the passion of late Mr. Sameer Chanda, who had the office in the same studio. Tariq have seen working Sameer chanda of working for so many commercial and Tv series, thats attracted to art direction. He worked in the crown studio for twelve years. Later on, in 2005, he worked as a manager for Wasiq Khan from 2005 onward then he became team leader but during working with him Wasiq Khan slowly pushed him into art direction. For 9 year, from 2005 to 2013 August in more than 40 films Wasiq and Tariq were together., .
Career.
He is known for his gritty realism in Anurag Kashyap films like "No Smoking", "Victory", "Lamhaa", "Wanted", "Maharathi", "Tanu Weds Manu", "Ladies vs Ricky Bahl", "Gangs of Wasseypur", "Bobby Jasoos", "Dolly Ki Doli", and the Oscar nominee "The Good Road". He has also worked in mainstream films including Shagird, Besharam, Dabangg(2010), Rowdy Rathore, Raanjhanaa (2013), and Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela (2013) directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali.
He started his career as an antique bike dealer and mechanic from 1990 to 1994. Then he joined crown studio as a manager worked there from 1995 to 2004 and got inspired by late Samir Chanda (4 times national award winner production designer) as his office was in a same studio. Tariq got the opportunity to observe his work carefully and started learning art direction and production design. He also learned art direction under his brother H Umar Khan during his job in crown studio, then he joined Wasiq Khan as a team leader and accountant but during working with him Wasiq Khan slowly pushed him into art direction. For 9 year, from 2005 to 2013 August in more than 40 films Wasiq and Tariq were together.
Tariq Umar Khan's name came in major news when The Good Road went to Oscar from India. His upcoming projects are Satellite Shankar Directed by Irfan Kamal,Pati Patni aur wo Directed by Mudassar Azeez ..on floor film is .. Sab Kushal Mangal Directed by Karan Kashyap,Gwalior directed by Jaspal Sandhu and Rajeev Barnwal ,Holy cow by Sai Kabir. Motichoor Chaknachoor by Deba Mitra Hasan His first Directorial Debut Film Guilt (short) won Jury award in Mumbai film festival. He was also a recipient of the Sanchar time media award (New Delhi) in 2015 for his remarkable work in Indian cinema production design field.
Tariq also worked as art director and production designer in commercial for many reputed production houses like chrome pictures, Jamic films, Blink pictures, Dungarpur films, wild baba production, CINEVIDYA (wow) and Serial promos for Star plus, life OK and hot star. He is also doing new age web series for many production houses and internet company.
Awards and recognitions.
He was honored for his work by Sanchar Time media group for production design work. Tariq won jury award in Paraj Film Festival for his directorial Debut Short Film "Guilt" and won Festival mention award in MSIFF for the same short film as a Director. His short film was additionally welcomed for screening in Amity University Noida for Time Code Film Festival and he gave the lecture on Production Designinghe also won Filmfare award for Punjabi film Lahoriye as production Designer.his second Directorial film Mi'raj won 6 awards for him and 2 nominations.


Partho Sen-Gupta

Partho Sen-Gupta (also spelled Partho Sen Gupta or Partho Sengupta pronounced "Partho Shen-Goopto") is an independent film director and screenwriter. He is a French citizen, of Indian origin.
Biography.
Sen-Gupta was born in Mumbai (Bombay), on 2 September 1965. He has been working in cinema since the age of seventeen, starting his career as an apprentice in the art department, in the studios of "Bollywood" in Mumbai. He worked with an Indian art director Bijon Dasgupta on the sets of big budget commercial Hindi films like "Saagar" and "Mr. India" among others.
After having spent a few years and finishing his apprenticeship, he became assistant art director. In 1988, he worked on his first film as art director or production designer in an Indian art movie called "Main Zinda Hoon" ("I am Alive") directed by Sudhir Mishra. He then set up his design studio working on numerous advertising films and art movies, designing sets and specializing in real-time SFX. He won the Best Art Director Award in 1989. He also worked as production designer on the French film "Nocturne Indien" directed by Alain Corneau and shot in Mumbai.
In 1993, he was selected to do a two-month summer workshop at FEMIS, the French film institute in Paris. During the workshop, he directed his first short film "La Derniere..." based on Samuel Beckett's radio play "Krapp's Last Tape". He was then awarded a three and a half year full scholarship to study film direction at the same school.
During his film school years, he made four short fiction films "Le Cochon", "La Partition", "Trajet Discontinu", and "La Petite Souris" which took him to different European film festivals and won awards.
After graduation in 1997, he directed his first feature film "Hava Aney Dey" ("Let the Wind Blow") which premiered at the Berlin Film Festival in 2004. It was selected in many international film festivals and won awards. The film was part of the Global Lens 2008 series of the Global Film Initiative. and premiered at the MoMA NYC, in January 2008.
In 2005, he made a documentary film "The Way of Beauty" on the Indo-fusion group Shakti which was released on the DVD in May 2006.
In 2008, his new feature film project "Sunrise", was selected among 30 other international projects at the 11th Pusan promotion Plan (3 to 6 October 2008) at the Pusan International Film Festival. "Sunrise" was the only Indian project in the selection.
"Sunrise" was completed and released in October 2014 and premiered at the 2014 Busan International Film Festival and numerous international film festivals, received awards and international critical acclaim.
In 2017, Sen-Gupta wrote and directed his first Australian feature film "Slam". It was an official selected project at the 2016 International Film Festival Rotterdam's CineMart and the 2016 Berlinale Co-oproduction Market. The film starring Adam Bakri, from the Academy Awards nominated film "Omar" and award winning Australian actress Rachael Blake, was filmed in October and November 2017 in Sydney, Australia.
"Slam" is selected in the Official Selection Competition at the 2018 Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival and had its world premiere on 27 November 2018.


Hodge (crossword compiler)


Lawrence Pinsky

Lawrence Pinsky is an American physicist specializing in relativistic heavy ion physics, and currently the John & Rebecca Moores Professor at the University of Houston.
Pinsky is also a licensed lawyer who deals in international patent law. He is one of the inventors of the board game Blitzkrieg. He also designed several World War II wargames.


The Elusive Quest for Growth

The Elusive Quest For Growth: Economists’ Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics is a 2001 book by World Bank development economist William Easterly. Upon its release, the book received acclaim from such figures as Bruce Bartlett, Robert Solow, and Paul Romer, and has since become widely cited in the Economic Development literature.
Easterly’s primary thesis is that the numerous efforts to remedy extreme poverty in the Third World have failed because they have neglected that individuals, businesses, governments, and donors respond to incentives. Thus, he argues, the failure of economic development in poor tropical nations is not the failure of economics, but the failure to apply economic principles to practical policy work. Inspired by the moral imperative to improve the lives of the poor, his recommendation is not to abandon the quest, but to improve the institutions of governments and international actors to create incentives that promote growth.
Panaceas that failed.
The first section of the book is dedicated to the various Post-WWII efforts to promote economic growth among impoverished tropical nations. Early efforts to promote investment and capital accumulation were based on the Harrod-Domar Model, the Lewis Model, and Rostow's stages of growth, which proposed that GDP growth would always be proportional to the share of investment in GDP, and that capital accumulation was the critical factor for growth. These models justified huge amounts of aid from Western governments and intergovernmental organizations, to fill the “finance gap” between domestic savings and required investment. Easterly, however, demonstrates that most aid did not go into investment in the years 1965-1995, and finds no statistical association between investment and growth. As Robert Solow discovered in the late 1950s, it is not just investment in machines but investment in ever-improving machinery—technological progress—that improves worker productivity in the long-run.
Easterly also discusses the failed efforts of states to use education, family planning, and debt forgiveness as means to grow out of poverty. He notes that there is little incentive for a student in a poor country to value and invest in her own education if there is no future return for that investment. In more corrupt countries the very skilled opt to apply themselves to lobbying the government and other activities that redistribute income rather than activities that create new value. For education to provide a return on the investment, the society must have well-functioning institutions and markets that foster a demand for skilled individuals.
Easterly also highlights the problematic nature of structural adjustment loan programs—aid given under certain conditions—which became very popular in the 1980s. Rather than initiating true economic reform, states only pretended to adjust their policies. Because shortfalls would elicit increased loans and donors demonstrated little interest in revoking aid, there was little incentive for states to improve their policies. Debt forgiveness regimes produced the same moral hazard, as authoritarian governments considered forgiveness as a free pass to continue to steal from their peoples’ futures. Easterly suggests that aid should be tied to prior achievement rather than promises of political leaders, and that aid should increase with further improvement (similar to the incentive structure of the Earned Income Tax Credit).
People respond to incentives.
The second section of the book outlines how the poor often do see incentives to invest in their futures. Bad luck, poverty traps, and corrupt governments plague individual efforts to overcome poverty. Easterly argues that "getting incentives right is not itself another new panacea for development. It is a principle that has to be implemented bit by bit, stripping away the encrusted layers of vested interests with the wrong incentives, giving entry to new people with the right incentives."
Easterly writes that it is very difficult for poor individuals to break free from the poverty trap because of "knowledge leaks" and "knowledge matching". Knowledge yields external benefits to a society (in that an idea is worth more to a society the more knowledge exists in that society) and it is worth more when matched with others with similar expertise. This is an example of economies of agglomeration. When a society is full of knowledge and there are various fields of expertise, individuals have more incentive to invest in education. But if the society is bereft of knowledge, individuals face little incentive to invest, or if they do, will likely leave the economy in a brain drain. According to Easterly, governments can help overcome poverty traps by subsidizing investment in new knowledge, reducing taxes on capital goods and technology, and actively seeking private investment.
According to Easterly, "the prime suspect for mucking up incentives is government." High inflation, negative interest rates, black market premiums, high government budget deficits, restrictions on free trade, poor public services, corruption, and arbitrary enforcement of property rights lower the return on private investment and create poor incentives for growth. However, good government can promote broad and deep growth when it holds itself accountable and "energetically takes up the task of investing in collective goods like health, education, and the rule of law." Transparent institutions that promote these and other economic freedoms ultimately foster a productive society.
Critical response.
Reviews of "The Elusive Quest for Growth" appeared in the "Journal of Economic Literature", "The Economist", "Journal of International Affairs", "Review of Radical Political Economics", and "Development Policy Review". "The Economist" called it a "refreshing, iconoclastic book" which would leave its readers "chastened, instructed and entertained." One critique emphasized that while incentives are tautologically critical to development, economists are far from agreement on how major policies, such as liberalizing capital flows and liberalizing labor markets, affect incentives.
In the years following publication of "Elusive Quest for Growth", Easterly became embroiled in a public debate with rival development economist Jeffrey Sachs over the role of foreign aid. According to Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, Easterly has become one of the most influential anti-aid public figures, following the publication of two books, "The Elusive Quest for Growth" and "The White Man's Burden.""


Hermie Sadler

Herman Marion Sadler III (born April 24, 1969) is an American professional stock car racing driver, announcer, and professional wrestling promoter from Emporia, Virginia. He is currently a NASCAR driver with occasional appearances for the Virginia Lottery at Martinsville Speedway, Richmond International Raceway, and Bristol Motor Speedway; in 2019, he drove the No. 93 Chevrolet Camaro in the NASCAR Xfinity Series for RSS Racing. He was also a pit reporter with Fox Sports 1 for Xfinity and NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series broadcasts.
Racing career.
Sadler began racing in go-karts alongside younger brother Elliott in their hometown of Emporia. He then began running late models in Virginia. In 1992, Sadler made his debut in the NASCAR Busch Series at Orange County Speedway. He started 19th but finished 25th after wrecking his No. 32 Oldsmobile. He ran four more races that season, with a best finish of 20th, at Dover International Speedway and Hickory Motor Speedway.
1993–1998.
Sadler began running the Busch Series full-time in 1993. Driving the No. 25 Shell Oil-Virginia is for Lovers-sponsored Oldsmobile for Don Beverly, Sadler picked a win at Orange County, finished tenth in points, and was named NASCAR Busch Grand National Series Rookie of the Year. He followed that up with another win at Orange County and a fifth-place points finish the next season in 1994. After that year ended, Sadler teamed with his father, Herman, to run the No. 1 DeWalt Tools-sponsored Chevrolet. Although he did not win, Sadler had six Top 10 finishes and a thirteenth-place finish in the point standings. He won the pole at the 1996 Milwaukee Mile race, but he continued to drop and finished 15th place in points. He also made his debut in the Winston Cup Series, starting 30th and finishing 37th at the Miller 400 in the No. 26 Chevrolet owned by William Slate.
In 1997, his ride was purchased by Diamond Ridge Motorsports, which also owned Elliott's current ride. Sadler grabbed two more poles and had seven Top 10 finishes, finishing tenth in points. After a nearly identical season in 1998, Sadler was pushed out of the ride, while Elliott signed with Wood Brothers Racing in the Cup Series.
1999–2004.
In 1999, Sadler signed to drive the No. 72 MGM Brakes-sponsored Chevy for Ron Parker. But a season-opening failure to qualify, at the NAPA Auto Parts 300, brought an end to the streak of 173 consecutive races for Sadler. After his release from the team following the MBNA Platinum 200, Sadler spent the rest of the season with BACE Motorsports' Bayer-Alka-Seltzer-sponsored entry, and then Innovative Motorsports. In 2000, Sadler signed to drive the No. 30 Little Trees-sponsored Chevy for Innovative, but often did not qualify for races, and was released after six events. After a brief stint of Innovative using interim drivers, Sadler returned to the team for the balance of the season, posting a seventh-place finish at Pikes Peak International Raceway.
In 2001, Sadler and his wife Angela formed their own team, Score Motorsports, and began running a limited schedule in the Winston Cup Series. Running cars purchased from Larry Hedrick Motorsports and with Virginia Lottery sponsoring, he ran three races, his best finish being a 27th at Dover. Sadler returned to the Busch Series in 2002, running a limited schedule in his own No. 02 as well as the No. 43 for the Curb Agajanian Performance Group. His best finish was a 21st at Richmond. Sadler also ran 10 Cup races that year, eight in his own No. 02 entry, and two races for Junie Donlavey.
For 2003, Sadler announced he would run the No. 54 Toys R Us-sponsored Chevy in the Busch Series for Team Bristol Motorsports. Ten races into the season, the team shut down following the Hardee's 250 due to financial difficulties. Sadler ended that Busch Season running three races on his own with Zapf Creations sponsoring. He also ran ten more Cup races in the No. 02 that season, with sponsors such as Dollar Tree, Go Team VA, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Former NBA player Bryant Stith became a co-owner of Score in 2004, and with help from fan donations, Sadler was able to run 30 Busch races, the best finish being a twelfth at Milwaukee. He also ran 16 races in the Cup Series, and had a 23rd-place finish at Talladega Superspeedway, as well as fielding cars for Carl Long and Andy Belmont. As a team owner, Sadler was the last to compete in a Pontiac, which had pulled out of NASCAR after the 2003 season.
2005–2011.
During the lead-up to 2005, Sadler sold his Busch Series team and announced he was selling a large portion of his Cup team to Jeff Stec, owner of Peak Fitness, who would sponsor the new No. 66 car. Sadler continued to struggle despite the new ownership, and resigned from the ride midseason. He spent the balance of the year driving occasional races for Front Row Motorsports, and even returned to the No. 66 for one race in a sponsorship deal with Jerry Kilgore.
In 2006, Sadler ran seven races for MBA Racing, racing the No. 00 Aaron's Rent-sponsored Ford as a partnership with the Michael Waltrip Racing team. Sadler made one start at Martinsville Speedway in 2007 and 2008, driving Chevrolet Silverados for Andy Hillenburg. He ran three truck races for Hillenburg in 2010.
Sadler returned to the Busch Series (now Xfinity Series) for the first time in over five years in 2010, and raced at Richmond in the No. 09 car, sponsored by TNA Impact!, finishing six laps down, in 32nd position. He made two additional starts in Busch that season in the No. 27 Baker Curb Racing Ford, but failed to finish higher than 30th. He made six truck races for Hillenburg, and raced in the 2010 TUMS Fast Relief 500 at Martinsville Speedway, driving for TRG Motorsports. It was his first start in four years in NASCAR Sprint Cup competition and the team cited his prior success at Martinsville as the best chance for TRG to remain in the Top 35; TRG entered Martinsville just fifteen points ahead of 35th and twenty points in front of the 36th place team. Sadler finished 26th and the TRG maintained its top-35 status, and he ran three additional Cup races for TRG in 2011.
2012–present.
In 2012, Richard Childress Racing gave him a start in the No. 33 Sprint Cup car at Martinsville in the Goody's Fast Relief 500. Anderson's Maple Syrup sponsored the entry, and Sadler finished 31st at his home track. After sitting out in 2013, Sadler returned to racing late in 2014, driving the late season Nationwide Series short track races at Bristol and Richmond for Tri-Star Motorsports. He piloted the No. 19 Toyota Camry usually driven by Mike Bliss, with Bliss moving to the team's No. 10 entry for these events. The Virginia Lottery sponsored the ride for Sadler. His only starts in 2015 came for JGL Racing at Bristol and Richmond, with Virginia Lottery continuing to sponsor.
After a five-year absence from the Cup Series, Sadler drove the No. 7 Chevy for Premium Motorsports at the 2017 First Data 500 at Martinsville Speedway; after starting the race last, he finished 34th.
On November 17, 2019, Sadler tweeted he had departed "Fox NASCAR".
Professional wrestling.
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2002, 2007, 2009).
In 2002 Sadler had a feud in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling with Ron Killings, and a number of appearances and matches as part of a cross promotion between TNA and NASCAR. TNA later sponsored Sadler's racing efforts.
As of March 27, 2009, he has been hosting an online web cast show entitled Hermie's Hotseat that can be seen on TNA's YouTube channel where Sadler does candid sit-down interviews with the performers and employees of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.
United Wrestling Federation (2005–2007).
Hermie started the United Wrestling Federation, wrestling promotion in 2005. At first, the company worked with TNA Wrestling bringing house shows under the TNA/UWF moniker to areas like Detroit, Philadelphia, and other parts of the east coast. Hermie wrestled part-time in his promotion as well, teaming with Rhino, Jeff Hardy, Team 3D, and others.
In late 2006, the UWF ceased co-promoting with TNA and began independent operations in 2007, although they continue to use the six-sided ring that TNA utilized at the time. At a show in Richmond, Virginia on September 29, 2006, Hermie presented a $10,000 check to an autism foundation. On December 5, 2007 he signed with TNA as an announcer.
Global Force Wrestling (2014–2017).
It was announced on April 21, 2014 that Sadler joined the board of directors for Jeff Jarrett's Global Force Wrestling.
Personal life.
Sadler graduated from the University of North Carolina and is an avid North Carolina Tar Heels sports fan. Married February 3, 1996, he and his wife Angie have three daughters -– Cora, Halie and Naomi. As of 2017, his daughter Cora is a cheerleader at the University of North Carolina. Sadler has publicly talked about his daughter Halie being on the autism spectrum.


Michael Bennighof

Michael Bennighof is a game designer who has worked primarily on board games.
Early life and education.
Mike Bennighof, Ph.D., is a Fulbright Scholar, and holds a doctorate in History from Emory University. He has played and coached semi-pro football, taught college, worked as a newspaper reporter, and shoveled gravel professionally.
Career.
Mike Bennighof has been designing games since the early 1980s, working on over 100 titles as designer or developer. Bennighof is president of Avalanche Press, Ltd., a publisher of traditional board wargames. He has won Origins Awards both for wargame design ("U.S. Navy Plan Orange") and roleplaying game design ("Celtic Age"). He scripted the "Panzer General II" (for which he also designed the maps) and "Destroyer Commander" computer games, among others; designed such games as "Survival of the Witless", "Panzer Grenadier", and "Great War at Sea"; and was the author of the infamous book, "Black Flags". "Great War at Sea" received awards at the Origins Awards in 1998 and 1999.


Masters and Johnson

The Masters and Johnson research team, composed of William H. Masters and Virginia E. Johnson, pioneered research into the nature of human sexual response and the diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders and dysfunctions from 1957 until the 1990s.
The work of Masters and Johnson began in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Washington University in St. Louis and was continued at the independent not-for-profit research institution they founded in St. Louis in 1964, originally called the Reproductive Biology Research Foundation and renamed the Masters and Johnson Institute in 1978.
In the initial phase of Masters and Johnson's studies, from 1957 until 1965, they recorded some of the first laboratory data on the anatomy and physiology of human sexual response based on direct observation of 382 women and 312 men in what they conservatively estimated to be "10,000 complete cycles of sexual response". Their findings, particularly on the nature of female sexual arousal (for example, describing the mechanisms of vaginal lubrication and debunking the earlier widely held notion that vaginal lubrication originated from the cervix) and orgasm (showing that the physiology of orgasmic response was identical whether stimulation was clitoral or vaginal, and, separately, proving that some women were capable of being multiorgasmic), dispelled many long-standing misconceptions.
They jointly wrote two classic texts in the field, "Human Sexual Response" and "Human Sexual Inadequacy", published in 1966 and 1970, respectively. Both of these books were best-sellers and were translated into more than thirty languages. The team has been inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. Additionally, they are the focus of a television series called "Masters of Sex" for Showtime based on the 2009 biography by author Thomas Maier.
Research work.
Masters and Johnson met in 1957 when William Masters hired Virginia Johnson as a research assistant to undertake a comprehensive study of human sexuality. According to author Thomas Maier, as part of their clinical research, Masters and Johnson observed paid volunteers engaging in sexual activity while hooked to wires in their lab. At Masters's request, Masters and Johnson engaged in intercourse as subjects of their own study and eventually became lovers. Maier stated they often spent summer vacations together in Masters's home while his wife Libby and children were traveling, and that associates believed that towards the end of his marriage to first wife Libby, Masters and Johnson worked and traveled together seven days a week. Maier also stated that Masters spent more time in the lab with Johnson than he did with his wife and children and all but lived with Johnson in whose home he spent much time. Masters divorced his first wife to marry Johnson in 1971. Masters and Johnson divorced on March 18, 1993 in the Circuit Court of St. Louis County; they nonetheless continued to work together professionally.
Previously, the study of human sexuality (sexology) had been a largely neglected field of study due to the restrictive social conventions of the time, with prostitution as a notable exception.
Alfred Kinsey and colleagues at Indiana University had previously published two volumes on sexual behavior in the human male and female (known as the Kinsey Reports), in 1948 and 1953, respectively, both of which had been revolutionary and controversial in their time. Kinsey's work however, had mainly investigated the frequency with which certain behaviors occurred in the population and was based on personal interviews, not on laboratory observation. In contrast, Masters and Johnson set about to study the structure, psychology, and physiology of sexual behavior, through observing and measuring masturbation and sexual intercourse in the laboratory.
Initially, participants used in their experiments were prostitutes. Masters and Johnson explained that they were a socially isolated group of people, they were knowledgeable about sex, and that they were willing to cooperate with the study. Of the 145 prostitutes who participated, only a select few were further evaluated for their genital anatomy and their physiological responses. In later studies, however, Masters and Johnson recruited 382 women and 312 men from the community. The vast majority of participants were white, they had higher education levels, and most participants were married couples.
As well as recording some of the first physiological data from the human body and sex organs during sexual excitation, they also framed their findings and conclusions in language that espoused sex as a healthy and natural activity that could be enjoyed as a source of pleasure and intimacy.
The era in which their research was conducted permitted the use of methods that had not been attempted before, and that have not been attempted since: "[M]en and women were designated as 'assigned partners' and arbitrarily paired with each other to create 'assigned couples'."
Four-stage model of the sexual response.
One of the most enduring and important aspects of their work has been the four stage model of sexual response, which they described as the human sexual response cycle and defined as:
Their model shows no difference between Sigmund Freud's purported categories of "vaginal orgasm" and "clitoral orgasm": the physiological response was identical, even if the stimulation was in a different place.
Masters and Johnson's findings also revealed that men undergo a refractory period following orgasm during which they are not able to ejaculate again, whereas there is no refractory period in women: this makes women capable of multiple orgasm. They also were the first to describe the phenomenon of the rhythmic contractions of orgasm in both sexes occurring initially in 0.8 second intervals and then gradually slowing in both speed and intensity.
Sexual response in the aging person.
Masters and Johnson were the first to conduct research on the sexual responsiveness of older adults, finding that given a state of reasonably good health and the availability of an interested and interesting partner, there was no absolute age at which sexual abilities disappeared. While they noted that there were specific changes to the patterns of male and female sexual responses with aging – for example, it takes older men longer to become aroused and they typically require more direct genital stimulation, and the speed and amount of vaginal lubrication tends to diminish with age as well – they noted that many older men and women are perfectly capable of excitement and orgasm well into their seventies and beyond, a finding that has been confirmed in population-based epidemiological research on sexual function in the elderly.
Laboratory comparison of homosexual male versus homosexual female sex.
Masters and Johnson randomly assigned gay men into couples and lesbians into couples and then observed them having sex in the laboratory, at the Masters and Johnson Institute. They provided their observations in "Homosexuality in Perspective:"
According to Masters and Johnson, this pattern differed in the lesbian couples:
Sexual dysfunction.
Their research into the anatomy and physiology of sexual response was a springboard to developing a clinical approach to the treatment of sexual problems in a revolutionary manner. Prior to 1970, when they described their treatment program to the world for the first time, sexual dysfunctions such as premature ejaculation, impotence, vaginismus, and female frigidity had been generally treated by long-term (multi-year) psychotherapy or psychoanalysis with very low rates of success. Masters and Johnson revolutionized things by devising a form of rapid treatment (2 week) psychotherapy always involving a couple, rather than just an individual, working with a male-female therapist team that resulted in a success rate of more than 80%. This was strictly a talking therapy – couples in their sex therapy program were never observed in sexual activity.
Treatment of homosexual behavior.
From 1968 to 1977, the Masters and Johnson Institute ran a program to convert homosexuals to heterosexuality. This program reported a 71.6% success rate over a six-year treatment period. At the time of their earlier work, homosexuality was classified as a psychological disorder by the American Psychiatric Association, a classification which was repealed in 1973.
Thomas Maier stated "that Virginia Johnson had serious reservations about Masters' conversion theory, and she suspected that, at worst, the results of the study may have been fabricated by William Masters". Clinical associate to the Masters's and psychiatrist Robert C. Kolodny also expressed reservations about the veracity of the findings in Masters's book on the topic and alleged that Masters had not kept files of the case studies cited in the book. Shortly before the book was published, he wrote Masters a two-page letter expressing Johnson's and Kolodny's reservations on the alleged successful reconversion findings and urging him to reconsider publication of the book, to no avail. As homosexuality was on the verge of being dropped from the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM), Masters's insistence on publishing the book proved to be tone-deaf and was shunned by book critics.
Criticisms.
Some sex researchers, Shere Hite in particular, have focused on understanding how individuals regard sexual experience and the meaning it holds for them. Hite has criticized Masters and Johnson's work for uncritically incorporating cultural attitudes on sexual behavior into their research; for example, her work concluded that the 70% of women who do not have orgasms through intercourse are able to achieve orgasm easily by masturbation. She, as well as Elisabeth Lloyd, have criticized Masters and Johnson's argument that enough clitoral stimulation to achieve orgasm should be provided by thrusting during intercourse, and the inference that the failure of this is a sign of female "sexual dysfunction". While not denying that both Kinsey and Masters and Johnson have made major contributions to sex research, she believes that people must understand the cultural and personal construction of sexual experience to make the research relevant to sexual behavior outside the laboratory. Hite's work, however, has been challenged for methodological defects.
Moreover, Masters and Johnson's research methodology has been criticized. First, Paul Robinson argues that because many of their participants were sex workers, it is highly likely that these individuals have had more sexual experience and are more comfortable with sex and sexuality in general. He says that one must approach these results with caution, because the participants do not represent the general population.
Other researchers have argued that Masters and Johnson eliminated same-sex attracted participants when studying the human sexual response cycle, which also limits the generalizability of their results.
Furthermore, Masters and Johnson have been criticized for studying sexual behaviors in the laboratory. While they attempted to make participants as comfortable as possible in the lab by giving them a "practice session" before their behavior was recorded, critics have argued that two people engaging in sexual activity in a lab is a different experience compared to being in the privacy and comfort of one's home.
Another persistent critique was that despite her extensive years of clinical work, Virginia Johnson never earned a university degree and often did not correct those who referred to her in the press or in person as "Dr. Johnson."
Television.
Masters and Johnson appeared together on the NBC daily news program "America Alive!" in the second half of 1978, as authorities on the subject of sex.
In popular culture.
Masters and Johnson are referenced in Season 6 Episode 2 (1990) of The Golden Girls.
The American cable network Showtime debuted "Masters of Sex", a dramatic television series based on the 2009 biography of the same name, on September 29, 2013. The series stars Michael Sheen as Masters and Lizzy Caplan as Johnson.
Masters and Johnson were also referenced in a 1974 Italian comedy directed by Bruno Corbucci, "Il trafficone".
One character in the film "Mallrats" (1995) is nicknamed Masters & Johnson for her bizarre school project of studying sex.


Reiner Knizia

Reiner Knizia () is a prolific German-style board game designer.
Early life and education.
Born in Germany, he developed his first game at the age of eight. He gained a Master of Science from Syracuse University in the United States and a doctorate in Mathematics from the University of Ulm in Germany. He went on to manage a two-billion-dollar financial company.
Career.
Knizia has been a full-time game designer since 1997, when he quit his job from the board of a large international bank. Knizia has been living in England since 1993.
In addition to having designed over 600 published games, Knizia is highly acclaimed as a designer, having won the Deutscher Spiele Preis four times, a Spiel des Jahres (in addition to a Kinderspiel des Jahres and a special award), and numerous other national and international awards. At the Origins Game Fair in 2002 he was inducted into the Gaming Hall of Fame. His games frequently make appearances on various "top games" lists, including the GAMES 100 list, the BoardGameGeek top 100, and the Internet Top 100 Games List. Several gaming conventions host "Kniziathons", which are tournaments dedicated to celebrating Knizia-designed games.
Reiner Knizia started developing games for his play-by-mail game zine "Postspillion", founded in 1985. The zine still exists, and the game Bretton Woods (also a Reiner Knizia design), which was started in 1987, is still going.
One of Knizia's best selling games is "Lord of the Rings", published in 17 languages with over one million copies sold. His dice game "Pickomino" has also reached 1 million copies sold and his "Keltis" sold over 600,000 copies. His game "Ingenious" has been published in over 20 languages. In 2011, Knizia designed a Star Trek-themed game for NECA/WizKids, based on the 2009 film that 'reset' the Star Trek universe. In 2015 Ravensburger released "Star Wars VII - Galaxy Rebellion" based on the popular movie franchise.
A number of Knizia designs have been redeveloped for the electronic gaming & console markets. "Ingenious" (aka "Einfach Genial") and "Keltis" have both appeared in CD-ROM versions; "Lost Cities" was adapted for Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade. An original game for the Nintendo DS, "Dr. Reiner Knizia's Brainbenders" was published in 2008; "Keltis" for the NDS followed in 2009. Other mobile implementations of Knizia titles include "Lost Cities", "Battle Line", "Kingdoms", "Medici", "Ra", "Through the Desert", "Samurai" and "Tigris and Euphrates". Knizia has also designed various game applications specifically for the iPhone, including "Robot Master", "Dice Monster", "Labyrinth" and "Pipes".
Over several years Knizia has developed a number of hybrid boardgames with electronic components, most notably with German publisher Ravensburger. The first of these was the "King Arthur" adventure game in 2003, later updated for use with the iPhone in 2014. Other titles include "Die Insel", the award-winning "Wer War's?", "Der Drei ???" and in 2015 "Captain Black" (notable for a talking ghost pirate captain and a 90 cm - 3 feet - 3D ship).
Game characteristics.
Knizia's games cover many board game genres. He has designed small two-player card games, children's games, simple games, sophisticated games, and even a live-action roleplaying game.
One element of modern game design that Reiner Knizia has pioneered is abstract theme. Older themed games like Monopoly have traditionally developed their themes by trying to model or emulate the environment or situation they are thematically tied to. So Monopoly has players buying and developing properties as a real estate developer might. Knizia's thematic game designs tend not to try to model a specific environment, but instead try to invoke the thought and decision-making processes that are key to the theme. For example, Knizia's game "Medici" has a fairly abstract game system of drawing and buying cards that does not try to model any particular environment, but in the game-world, the players are always attempting to price risk, the key success factor in the investment banking business in which the Medicis made their fortune. A further example of this can be found in Knizia's game, "Tigris and Euphrates". The players each take control of one of four different dynasties of Mesopotamia around 3,000 B.C. Each dynasty has priests, farmers, traders, and kings who are placed strategically on the board. The players take turns expanding their dynasties, controlling rivers, building temples, and attacking the other players' dynasties. Instead of "Tigris and Euphrates" having many complicated rules, the game is relatively simple and has very streamlined rules that does not attempt to emulate the real-life conflicts but rather abstracts this out, allowing for the players to focus on strategic decision making. This approach has allowed Knizia to develop games that are comparatively simple but require thoughtful game-play, while still retaining strongly thematic elements.
Using his understanding of principles in mathematics to full effect, pricing and evaluating risk are frequently recurring elements in Reiner Knizia games. Many of his most successful designs use auctions as a vehicle to price risk, as in "Ra", "Medici", and "Modern Art".
Games.
Some of Knizia's games are:


Steambot Chronicles

Steambot Chronicles, known in Japan as is a 2005 action role-playing game developed and published by Irem Software Engineering in Japan for the PlayStation 2. It was later published by Atlus in North America and 505 Games in PAL regions. The game features a sandbox style of steam-powered, mech-based gameplay.
A sequel, "Bumpy Trot 2", was announced and shown at the 2006 Tokyo Game Show, though it was officially cancelled in 2011. Two spin-off titles were also released: ' for the PlayStation Portable and ', originally released for the PlayStation 2 and later ported to the PlayStation Portable.
Plot.
"Steambot Chronicles" begins with a personality quiz, answers to these questions affecting the personality of the character and how others will react towards him. Afterwards, a young male named Vanilla awakes on the shore of Seagull Beach, a seemingly cheerful girl named Coriander (shortened Connie) beside him, and currently suffers from amnesia due to a shipwreck nearby that occurred before the events of the game. The player learns that Connie is picking herbs to use as medicine for her bed-ridden mother, Rosemary, who lives in Nefroburg. Vanilla spots a vehicle on a nearby cliff that shoots a bazooka, trapping the two in Seagull Beach.
Connie must get home to Nefroburg on the last bus, but cannot because of the fallen boulder blocking her path. They go to a nearby cottage that, the player finds out, holds bad memories for Connie, evidence of this being her in a picture with two unknown figures. The two stumble upon an old run-down Trotmobile resembling a bipedal automobile, which they use to leave Seagull Beach. Connie discovers that the bus already left minutes ago, and requests that Vanilla take her to Nefroburg.
On the trip, the two encounter a hoodlum from a gang known as the "Killer Elephants", who challenges Vanilla to a duel. After defeating him, the two encounter Marjoram, one of the members of the Garland Globetrotters (a band in which Connie is the lead singer). Vanilla will have to find Basil, another member of the band, and take him back to Marjoram and Connie.
The four later head back to Nefroburg. On the way, they encounter a humongous quadruped mechanical fortress (operated by the "Killer Elephants"), and Vanilla must destroy it before they officially head to Nefroburg, where they encounter yet another member, Fennel (who is suspected of firing the bazooka as Connie and Vanilla on the beach). After attending a concert at night, the player may choose to change the plot and Vanilla himself.
Gameplay.
Trotmobiles.
The mechs, or "Trotmobiles" as they are called in the game (Trot Vehicles in the original), encompass most of the gameplay. They are introduced before the player gets to the first town, and function for transportation, trading minigames, and battles. They can be modified with dozens of parts, which can be purchased, found, or crafted. They range from small and speedy but frail, to large, powerful, and sturdy, but slow. Categories by ( Heavy and Strong but Slow ) or ( Light and Frail but Fast ) but there are trotmobiles which is perfect in all term ( Light and Strong and Fast ) for example Schneider's and Elder's trotmobiles at which they are both the top 1st and 2nd Gladiator in the game ranked S, it's left for player to discover and customize their own trotmobiles.
Music.
Music plays a major role in "Steambot Chronicles"'s plot. Vanilla is at first a solo musician on the street, until he is invited to join the Garland Globetrotters. With each successful concert, Vanilla earns tips and posters of the other Globetrotters, as well as sheet music for new songs. The sheet music allows Vanilla to practice songs solo. If he plays well enough, he will be asked to manage the band.
There are several instruments in the game, each with different control schemes. Vanilla starts out with a harmonica, and can later acquire the trumpet, saxophone, violin, string bass, accordion, drums, and guitar as well as play church organs and pianos found in bars or colleges. The main reward for playing music is tips.
There are six vocal songs, four that Coriander performs during the main story, and two which can be unlocked through sidequests. Nadia Gifford wrote and performed five of the songs for Coriander:
The last song in the game is sung by Ryan Kerwin as Fennel:
In an optional side-quest, Vanilla can acquire an electric guitar and join Fennel's "Fennel and the Blue Lightning" band.
Cultural references.
Steambot Chronicles features a number of references to literary and popular culture, several of which include:
Reception.
The game received "average" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, "Famitsu" gave it a score of one nine, one eight, one seven, and one eight, for a total of 32 out of 40.
"Hyper" commended the game for its "huge amount of freedom [and] clever musical rhythm games" but criticised it for its "slowdown [and] load times".
Cancelled sequel.
A sequel to "Steambot Chronicles", known as , was officially announced on September 2006, at the Tokyo Game Show. The game was in development by Irem, but was cancelled along with several other games following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
Initially the game was designed for the PlayStation 2, with the first trailer showing the new protagonist and a female companion exploring a wintery forest in a Trotmobile before being confronted by larger Trotmobiles, followed by a montage of gameplay elements ranging from downhill combat, fire fighting, loading and unloading ships, and performing in a band. An issue of Famitsu revealed details that the title moved production to the PlayStation 3 and that Irem would unveil a new trailer at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show. The new trailer showed off the game's graphics (while retaining the cel-shaded style of the original), and showcasing more of the action-oriented scenes than the first trailer.


DHW Fototechnik GmbH


W. Stewart Campbell

William Stewart Campbell (December 2, 1933 - February 11, 2009) was an American production designer and art director. He was nominated for three Academy Awards in the category Best Art Direction.
Selected filmography.
Campbell was nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Art Direction:


Haferlschuh

The Haferlschuh () is the traditional Bavarian shoe. It was designed originally as a work shoe for alpine terrain, but it can now be worn in a more general setting. In Bavaria it may also be called a "Bundschuh". In Austria, it is known as a "Schützenschuh."
According to legend, in 1803 Franz Schratt, an alpine shoemaker from Oberstdorf (located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps), developed the Haferlschuh inspired by the goat hoof. However, Sternke asserts that the Haferlschuh is much older. With a boatlike front and a nailed sole, the shoes gave the wearer stability.
Since 1900, the Haferlschuh has become a part of many alpine Trachten. Nonetheless the Haferlschuh is still worn as an everyday shoe, and not just for special occasions like Oktoberfest.


Carlo Poggioli

Carlo Poggioli is an Italian costume designer.
Biography.
Poggioli studied and graduated in stage and costume design at the Istituto D'Arte and the Accademia di Belle Arti in Naples.
After completing his studies, Poggioli worked in Rome as assistant for some of the most important Italian costume designers, including Gabriella Pescucci, Piero Tosi, Maurizio Millenotti. He worked on such major productions as Jean-Jacques Annaud's "The Name of the Rose", Terry Gilliam's "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen", Federico Fellini's "The Voice of the Moon", Martin Scorsese's "The Age of Innocence", Franco Zeffirelli's "Sparrow", and more.
He also worked alongside Ann Roth as assistant on "The English Patient" and, as associate designer on "The Talented Mr. Ripley", directed by Anthony Minghella.
In opera productions, Poggioli worked with director Liliana Cavani ("La Traviata", La Scala), Mauro Bolognini ("Norma", Teatro Bellini di Catania), Franco Zeffirelli ("Aida" and "Boheme", Teatro dell' Opera di Roma and Tel Aviv Opera House).
He designed costumes for productions directed by Ruggero Cappuccio and orchestras directed by Riccardo Muti, including "Falstaff" (La Scala), Nina ossia "La pazza per amore" (Teatro Alla Scala e Piccolo di Milano), and "Il ritorno di Don Calandrino", at the Salzburg Opera Theatre.
As a costume designer for television and film, Poggioli has designed costumes for "Marquise" directed by Vera Belmont, Nick Willing's "Jason and the Argonauts", "The Mists of Avalon", directed by Uli Edel, "Cold Mountain", directed by Anthony Minghella, "Van Helsing", directed by Steven Sommers, "Doom" directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak, "The Fine Art of Love", directed by John Irvin, "The Inquiry" directed by Giulio Base, "The Brothers Grimm", directed by Terry Gilliam, and many more.


Cardin in Australia

Cardin in Australia is a 1968 Australian film about Pierre Cardin's visit to Australia at the invitation of the Australian Wool Board, who invited the French fashion designer to promote his designs and his use of wool in his collections, highlighting the value of wool as a fashion item. The film won the 1967 Australian Film Institute award for Best Documentary. It also won the 1967 Australian Film Institute award for best editing in a non-feature film.


Ibara (video game)

 is a 2005 vertical scrolling shooter video game developed by Japanese developer Cave and published by Taito. It was ported to the PlayStation 2 in 2006.
Gameplay.
Ibara is very similar to 8ing/Raizing's "Battle Garegga" and "Battle Bakraid" games. So much so that Ibara could be considered a pseudo-sequel or, at least, a spiritual successor. The similarities are numerous - some are subtle, some are easily spotted. These include combining archaic technology such as biplanes with more advanced machinery; firing and a power-up system; and a medal collecting system which drastically increases scoring. The game features a similar method of earning bombs and a delay when launching them as well. Some of the enemies and their attack patterns are very familiar such as the large cranes in stage 1 and the minigun-wielding first boss. The enemy's explosions spiral around when destroying some of the heavier weapons/scenery and thin, while seemingly camouflaged enemy bullets are scattered around the play area in comparable patterns. More subtle references include the HUD layout which lists the name of the current stage at the top of the screen and, when starting a stage, tells users the title of the background music that is playing.
A notable feature of Ibara is the inclusion of a variable, real-time difficulty system by way of the "Rank" system. The player's rank increases as they acquire more items and cause more damage, increasing the difficulty of the game along with it. The number of enemies does not increase but the number of bullets fired towards the user does, often reaching a ridiculous level of bullet density. There are ways of lowering this rank system if the odds appear too much. The only known way of decreasing the player's Rank in Ibara is to die. The more lives you have, the less the rank decreases when you die. In the later version, Ibara Kuro: Black Label, Rank can be decreased by cancelling bullets with a bomb, however Rank also increases much faster in this version, potentially increasing from minimum to maximum in a matter of seconds.
Development.
Programmer Shinobu Yagawa previously worked on the games Recca, and "Battle Garegga".
Release.
The game was released in arcades on July 15, 2005, and it was released on the PlayStation 2 on February 23, 2006.
To remedy some of the concerns fans had with the original version of the game, Cave released an updated version in limited distribution called "Ibara Kuro: Black Label". It was released on February 10, 2006. The update contains many additions, some of which appeared earlier in the released PlayStation 2 port in the form of Arrange Mode.
A sequel, "", was released in the arcades on April 21, 2006.
Reception.
"Weekly Famitsu" magazine awarded the PlayStation 2 version of "Ibara" a score of 26/40 based on four reviews (7/7/6/6).


Elemenope

Created and maintained by createTank, elemenope is a Service Oriented Architecture [SOA] and general messaging framework. elemenope may also be considered an application toolkit. elemenope is correctly spelled completely in lowercase, and is pronounced L-M-N-O-P or \"el-em-en-O-'pE\.
History.
elemenope has been in active development since 1999. The framework started as a manner in which to simplify the process of integrating legacy systems with new development. elemenope has served as a proving grounds for architectural concepts.
elemenope was released as Free and Open Source Software FOSS in 2003. Originally licensed under the GNU General Public License, the Apache License 2.0 was added as an additional licensing option in 2006.


Sarcina

The sarcina was the marching pack carried by Roman legionaries, the heavy infantry of the Roman legions.
Most of a legionary's equipment other than his arms and armour would, in early times, have been consigned to a baggage train and borne by mules and carts. However, following the reforms of the Roman general Gaius Marius, the soldiers were expected to carry much of their rations and equipment themselves. This was done to reduce the size of the baggage train and increase the mobility of the army by allowing the soldiers to move strategically (i.e. quickly) independently of the train. Such was the load of the soldiers that they became known as "Marius' Mules".
The appearance of the marching pack is known from illustrations on Trajan's Column. Here it can be seen that a legionary's sarcina was carried on a pole called a "furca" and would have included:
However, this was certainly not the limit of the soldiers load. Time and again, Roman writers emphasise the importance of soldiers being self-sufficient and not tied to the baggage train.
The 2nd-century historian Appian of Alexandria records the actions of Scipio Aemilianus Africanus in late 3rd century BC. This was mainly with the objective of improving the morale of the soldiers, but it is also clear that the army is expected to be mobile:
He ordered all wagons and their superfluous contents to be sold, and all pack animals, except such as he designated, to remain. For cooking utensils it was permitted to have only a spit, a brass kettle, and one cup. Their food was limited to plain boiled and roasted meats. They were forbidden to have beds, and Scipio was the first one to sleep on straw. He forbade them to ride on mules when on the march; "for what can you expect in a war," said he, "from a man who is not able to walk?" Those who had servants to bathe and anoint them were ridiculed by Scipio, who said that only mules, having no hands, needed others to rub them.
The 1st-century historian Josephus, recorded the items carried in his own time:
besides a saw and a basket, a pick-axe and an axe, a thong of leather and a hook, with provisions for three days, so that a footman hath no great need of a mule to carry his burdens. The Wars Of The Jews Book 3, chapter 7.
The 4th century writer Vegetius advises that:
The legion is provided with iron hooks, called wolves, and iron scythes fixed to the ends of long poles; and with forks, spades, shovels, pickaxes, wheelbarrows and baskets for digging and transporting earth; together with hatchets, axes and saws for cutting wood. De Re Militari Book II: The Organization of the Legion.
Vegetius was not clear that the soldiers were required to carry these items personally, but it is known that soldiers were required to carry entrenching tools (such as the dolabra) and turf cutters for the construction of a temporary camp at the end of each day's march. Probably a variety of tools and equipment was carried distributed among the members of a contubernium. They may also have carried baskets and one or more sudes (stakes).
There have been many attempts to reconstruct the sarcina and its component parts for historical reenactment.


Leslie Tomkins

Leslie Tomkins (born 1948) is an English art director. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film "Yentl".


Minya Mikic

Minya Mikic (born Minja Višekruna, 1975, in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia) is an Italian artist, painter, and graphic designer. She lives and works between Rome and Zurich and regularly exhibits her work in Europe and New York.
In her artistic style, she developed a new technique based on natural, pure pigments applied on canvas or sleek surfaces of Plexiglas.
The paintings from "GAPscape State of Art Italia".., her project curated by Achille Bonito Oliva, were exhibited in the Italian Consulate in New York in 2015 and the year later, in 2016, at the Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome.
A selection of paintings from Minya's "GAPscape URBAN ART" series forms a part of Banca d'Italia's permanent collection of modern paintings at Palazzo Koch, Rome.
Minya is a cultural ambassador for Novi Sad, her hometown, which was designated the European Capital of Culture 2021.
Education.
Minya graduated from the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia in 1999. During her school years she was also an accomplished gymnast and in 1992 she won four gold and one bronze medal in gymnastics at Yugoslavian national championships
Artistic career.
Minya initiated her professional career as a graphic designer, specializing in trademarks and logos. A number of companies and institutions worldwide carry her logos – Swiss Pilates association, Information Theory Student Society USA,
Serbian Gymnastics Federation etc.
After working briefly as a professor of graphic design in Bogdan Suput high school of art and design in Novi Sad she moved to Rome in 1999 and concentrated on painting. There she established a collaboration with Galleria della Tartaruga in via Sistina, Rome.
She had her first New York solo show in 2008 in Manhattan gallery Monkdogz Urban Art. More than 20 works from series "GAPscape Urban Art" on canvas and Plexiglas were displayed accompanied by a monograph printed for that occasion.
In autumn 2008 Minya opened a second studio, in Zurich, Switzerland, and started her collaboration with KunstFokus.
In 2013 she began the collaboration with art critic Achille Bonito Oliva on her project: "GAPscape - State of Art Italia"
The project's first exhibition was inaugurated June 2, 2015, at the Italian Consulate in New York as part of the Italian National Day celebrations.
In 2016 "GAPscape - State of Art Italia" was displayed at the Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome. The exhibition was organized in partnership with the Italian Olympic Committee and had the patronage of Region Lazio, Comune di Roma and .
In the book printed for the occasion, the text was written by curator Achille Bonito Oliva with accompanying texts by President of Region Lazio Nicola Zingaretti, president of Italian Olympic Committee Giovanni Malagò and the director of the museum Mario De Simoni.
Artistic series since 2008.
GAPscape Urban Art.
Abstract paintings, pigments on canvas and Plexiglas and the photography of those paintings taken in different cities around the world.
The works form this series have been exhibited in New York, London, Zurich, Rome, Istanbul and many other cities and publications
GAPscape - State of Art Italia.
Figurative paintings, pigments on Plexiglas and the photography of those paintings taken in different cities around Italy.
In this project, Minya's artistic research unites the technique developed while painting abstract art on Plexiglas with her affection for Italy.
The central idea behind "GAPscape - State of Art Italia" is to represent the present-day Italy through its most prominent personalities and their chosen locations.
During the realization of the project, Minya personally involved the protagonists, such as Ennio Morricone, Andrea Bocelli, Umberto Eco, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Federica Pellegrini and many others. Many of them also dedicated a personal thought or quote, a further contribution to the task of representing the current moment.
The works form this series were exhibited at the Italian Consulate in New York in 2015 and at the Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome in 2016.
The exhibition in Rome comprised 78 works: 37 painted portraits, 37 photographs showing those portraits against the background of Italian cities and 4 abstract paintings.
TIMEscape.
Figurative paintings, pigments on Plexiglas.
This series has been initiated in 2008 but it has not yet been exhibited
"TIMEscape" is a socio-political, cultural and anthropological study. This artistic project is a visual diary that reflects this historical moment capturing the key current events in politics, culture, sport, environment and religion. With its numerous reflections "TIMEscape" participates in a complex artistic debate searching for potential answers to most urgent interrogations presented by contemporary society.
Trivia.
Minya's works are protected against falsification by DataDot Technology. All her paintings and authorized photos are tagged with DataDotDNA microdots with graphic customization of her logo.


Tom Bryant (harpist)

Tom Bryant (1882 - 1946) was a Welsh harpist. He was born in Efail Isaf, nr. Pontypridd, Glamorganshire. He was given lessons on the harp by his uncle, and entered Eisteddfodau competitions from a young age, and often won prizes. He won the first prize at the National Eisteddfod between 1891 and 1896. He travelled extensively throughout south Wales with his friend singer Robert Rees, and with Watkin Hezekiah Williams lecturing on folk-songs.
In 1906 he was awarded the A.R.C.M., and also received King Edward VII's command to play the harp at the opening of a new dock in Cardiff.
His works include variations for the harp on the tunes ‘Merch y Felin’ and ‘Merch Megan’.
He died in 1946, and was buried in the cemetery at Tabernacl, Efail Isaf.
His son Denis became an Australian bishop.


Joan Steiner

Joan C. Steiner (October 10, 1943September 8, 2010) was an American illustrator and puzzle designer. A graduate of Barnard College, she was the recipient of numerous art and design awards, including a Society of Illustrators Award and a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship.
Her first book, "Super Look-Alikes", received glowing reviews and was featured on national television in the USA. Her second book, "Amazing Look-Alikes", which was published by Walker Books, has over 700 everyday objects in disguise, ranging from paper clips to refrigerator magnets.
Death.
Steiner died of cancer on September 8, 2010 in her home in Claverack, New York, at the age of 66.


Belgian Shoes

Belgian Shoes are a variety of handstitched loafer, manufactured in Izegem, Belgium, a historic centre of the nation's shoe industry. The shoes are known for their small bow near the top of the vamp.
History.
The shoes were designed by Henri Bendel, the nephew of Henri Bendel, the founder of the eponymous New York boutique. When the Bendel family sold the family's department store in 1955, Bendel established the Belgian Shoes boutique at 60 East 56th Street, Manhattan, before moving to the current address at 110 East 55th Street in 2001.
Clients.
Belgian Shoes have been traditionally considered a status symbol among the Upper East Side and Hamptons social set, but have in the past several years become more widely worn. As early as the 1960s the shoe was considered notable as signifying a resistance to prevailing fashion trends, and there have been few significant changes to the range since then. Notable wearers of the shoe include Isaac Mizrahi and Bernie Madoff.
Awards.
For his efforts in reviving the Belgian shoe industry through the design and sale of the shoe, the Belgian government awarded Bendel the Knight of the Order of Leopold the First in 1964, and Knight Commander of the Order of Leopold the Second in 1970.