Paul I of Constantinople

Paul I or Paulus I or Saint Paul the Confessor (died c. 350), was the sixth bishop of Constantinople, elected first in 337 AD. Paul became involved in the Arian controversy which drew in the Emperor of the West, Constans, and his counterpart in the East, his brother Constantius II. Paul was installed and deposed three times from the See of Constantinople between 337 and 351. He was murdered by strangulation during his third and final exile in Cappadocia. His feast day is on November 6.
Biography.
He was a native of Thessalonica, a presbyter of Constantinople, and secretary to the aged bishop Alexander of Constantinople, his predecessor in the see. Both the city and its inhabitants suffered much during the Arian controversies. No sooner had Alexander breathed his last than the Arian and Orthodox parties came into open conflict. The Orthodox party prevailed; in 337 Paul was elected and consecrated by bishops who happened to be at Constantinople in the Church of Peace, close to what was afterwards the Hagia Sophia.
First exile.
The Emperor Constantius II had been away during these events. On his return he was angry at not having been consulted. He summoned a synod of Arian bishops, declared Paul quite unfit for the bishopric, banished him, and transported Eusebius of Nicomedia to Constantinople. This is thought to have been around 339. Paul, seeing himself rendered useless to his flock, while Arianism reigned in the East under the protection of Constantius, took shelter in the West, in the dominions of Constans. He went to Rome where he met Athanasius, who also had been expelled from his see.
Athanasius of Alexandria was then in exile from Alexandria, Marcellus from Ancyra, and Asclepas from Gaza; with them Paul betook himself to Rome and consulted Pope Julius I, who examined their cases severally, found them all staunch to the creed of Nicaea, admitted them to communion, espoused their cause, and wrote strongly to the bishops of the East. Athanasius and Paul recovered their sees; the Eastern bishops replied to Pope Julius altogether declining to act on his advice.
Second exile.
Paul returned to Constantinople. Eusebius died in 341, and Paul was reinstated as bishop. The Arians seized the occasion; Theognis of Nicaea, Theodorus of Heraclea, and other heterodox bishops, consecrated bishop Macedonius in the church of St. Paul; and again the city became the prey of a civil war.
The Emperor Constantius was at Antioch when he heard of this, where he ordered Hermogenes, his general of cavalry, to see that Paul was again expelled. The people would not hear of violence being done to their bishop; they rushed upon the house where the general was, set fire to it, killed him on the spot, tied a rope round his feet, pulled him out from the burning building, and dragged him in triumph round the city. Constantius was not likely to pass over this rebellion against his authority. He rode on horseback at full speed to Constantinople, determined to make the people suffer heavily for their revolt. They met him, however, on their knees with tears and entreaties, and he contented himself with depriving them of half their allowance of corn, but ordered Paul to be driven from the city.
Third exile.
Paul seems to have retired to Triers, but returned to Constantinople in 344, with letters of recommendation from Constans, the emperor of the West, who wrote to Constantius, that should Paul not receive his patriarchal see, he would attack him. Constantius only allowed Paul's re-establishment for fear of his brother's arms, and Paul's situation in the East continued very uneasy, for he had much to suffer from the power and malice of the Arian party.
Constans died in 350. Constantius, in Antioch, ordered Philippus, prefect of the East, to once more expel Paul and to put Macedonius in his place. At a public bath called Zeuxippus, adjoining a palace by the shore of the Bosphorus, Philippus asked Paul to meet him, as if to discuss some public business. When Paul arrived, he showed him the emperor's letter, and ordered him to be quietly taken through the palace to the waterside, placed on board ship, and carried off to Thessalonica, his native town. Philippus allowed him to visit Illyricum and the remote provinces, but forbade him to set foot again in the East.
Paul was later loaded with chains and taken to Singara in Mesopotamia, then to Emesa, and finally to Cucusus in Cappadocia. Here he was confined in a close, dark place, and left to starve to death. After he had passed six days without food, he was, to the great disappointment of his enemies, found alive. Upon which they strangled him, and gave out that he died after a short sickness.
Paul's body was brought to Ancyra in Galatia, and, by the order of Theodosius the Great, was thence translated to Constantinople in 381, about thirty years after his death. It was buried there in the great church built by Macedonius, which from that time was known by no other name than that of St. Paul. His remains were removed to Venice in 1226, where they are kept with great respect in the church of St. Laurence.


Kurara Chibana

 is a Japanese humanitarian, actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Japan 2006 and competed at Miss Universe 2006 where she finished as the first runner-up.
Miss Universe 2006.
Chibana is known for her participation in Miss Universe 2006 where she represented Japan. She won the Best National Costume Award for her samurai-themed outfit designed by the artist Yuichi Miyagawa and the designer Yoshiyuki Ogata, and was the first runner-up. During the final, Chibana wore a black evening gown exhibiting intricate latticework designed by Olivier Theyskens for Rochas, and at the preliminaries, Chibana sported a unique red and pink-hued gown with silver corseting designed by Novespazio.
During the pageant, held in Los Angeles, Chibana was the crowd favorite and her flirty winks drew an unusually enthusiastic response from the audience. In spite of the crowd support, her performance in both the swimsuit and evening gown segments were consistently the best and she made it to the top 5 over heavy favorites Miss Mexico and Miss Colombia, despite wearing an ordinary gown.
Chibana was very charismatic especially during the interview portion. Paula Shugart, President of the Miss Universe Organization said in an interview that the scores between Zuleyka and Kurara were very close. During the announcement of the winner, the audience was very vocal in their support for Chibana. Japan had not come that close to winning the crown since 1959 when Akiko Kojima won the first Miss Universe crown for Japan. Chibana's successor, Riyo Mori won the Miss Universe 2007 title in Mexico City. She also managed to outdo the two Japanese women who managed to enter the semifinals in most recent years: Miyako Miyazaki, fourth runner-up in 2003, and Mizuho Sakaguchi, third runner-up in 1988.
Personal information.
Chibana was an educational-philosophy student at Sophia University. She got her Bachelor of Arts degree in 2006. She turned down a job offer from a publishing company in order to compete in the Miss Universe Japan pageant, which was held on April 25, 2006 in Tokyo. Kurara now works as a feature reporter, flying around the world to interview people for a leading fashion magazine in Japan. She writes and takes photos of their lifestyles. She speaks four languages: English, Spanish, French, and Japanese.
Since October 2006, she has appeared regularly on the Nippon Television show "News Zero", reporting from both domestic and international locations, and launched her endorsement career as a spokesperson for more than four world-famous brands in 2007. She is the spokeswoman for Maybelline New York's Angelfit Make-Up. In late December, Global Beauties named Kurara as the Sexiest Woman Alive 2006, a title formerly held by her co-patriot/beauty diva, Miyako Miyazaki.
In December 2013, Chibana was elected as the Japanese Ambassador for United Nations World Food Program because of her contributions to the organization as a celebrity partner.
In October 2017, Chibana announced that she had married her boyfriend Ryuji Kamiyama.


Senteni Masango

Senteni Masango, known after her marriage as Inkhosikati LaMasango, (July 1981 – 6 April 2018) was the eighth wife of Mswati III of Eswatini.
Life.
Masango was selected to be a new bride for Mswati III during the 1999 Uhmlanga ceremony. They were married in 2000. She gave birth to two children, Princess Sentelweyinhosi and Princess Sibusezweni.
Masango was a painter. She auctioned off her work to raise funds for local charity organizations in Eswatini.
Death.
Masango was found dead on 6 April 2018. She had committed suicide by overdosing on amitriptyline. She died a week after the death of her sister, Nombuso Masango, whose funeral the king had reportedly forbidden her to attend. Her funeral was held at the Ludzidzini Royal Palace on 8 April 2018.
Press scandals.
On 12 September 1999 an editor at the "Times of Swaziland", Bheki Makhubu, ran a news story titled "Fiancée A High School Dropout". The story reported that Senteni Masango, who was engaged to the king at the time, had dropped out of Ngwane Park High School. The story caused controversy and lead to Makhubu's arrest by the Royal Swaziland Police. He was charged with criminal defamation. He was eventually released on a $500 bail and had his passport revoked.
Makhubu was arrested a second time in Mbabane after he printed a picture of Msango and another one of the king's wives, who was wearing her academic gown, at a graduation ceremony at the University of Swaziland. The headline contrasted Masango as "the dropout" and the other wife as "the graduate." After refusing to issue an apology, Makhubu was fired from the "Times".
Another press scandal occurred after Masango's death. Photographs of her vigil and funeral at the royal palace were leaked to the press by members of the king's royal guards. The guards were fined for the incident.


Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim

Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim (25 March 1905 – 21 July 1944) was a German Army colonel and a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany involved in the 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler.
Early life.
Quirnheim was born in Munich, Bavaria, the son of Hermann Mertz von Quirnheim, a captain on the Bavarian General Staff, and the nephew of Walter Hohmann. He spent his youth in the Bavarian capital before his father became head of the Imperial Archive (the "Reichsarchiv") and the family moved to Potsdam in Prussia. As a child he befriended Hans-Jürgen von Blumenthal and as a young man came to know the brothers Werner von Haeften and Hans Bernd von Haeften, through family connections; these were all future fellow-conspirators.
Military career.
Following his "Abitur", Quirnheim joined the "Reichswehr" in 1923. His friendship with Claus von Stauffenberg, who would become the key conspirator in the 20 July plot, began in 1925, but it was Blumenthal who introduced him to the circle of conspirators in 1943.
Second World War.
On the outbreak of the Second World War, Quirnheim was appointed a Staff Officer at the General Staff's organisational division. He had initially welcomed Hitler's seizure of power, but began to distance himself from the new government as he became more aware of its brutality. In 1941, for example, his support for the more humane treatment of civilians in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe triggered a dispute between Alfred Rosenberg, the Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories, and Erich Koch, Reich Commissar for the Ukraine.
In 1942, while being promoted to lieutenant colonel and then to Head of Staff of the 24th Army Corps at the Eastern Front, Quirnheim strengthened his ties to the Resistance through his brother-in-law Wilhelm Dieckmann. He was promoted to colonel in 1943, and the same year he married Hilde Baier.
20 July plot.
By September 1943, Quirnheim had become involved in the plot to assassinate Hitler. He, his superior General Friedrich Olbricht and Stauffenberg planned Operation Valkyrie, a plan of action to be implemented as soon as Hitler had been killed. Meanwhile, Quirnheim succeeded Stauffenberg as Chief of Staff at the Army's General Office in Berlin. Immediately after the attempt on Hitler's life in East Prussia on 20 July 1944, Quirnheim urged General Olbricht to activate Operation Valkyrie, even though they could not be sure whether Hitler was dead. At about the same time, however, news began to arrive that Hitler had survived the assassination attempt.
Within hours, Quirnheim, Stauffenberg, Olbricht, and Werner von Haeften had been arrested, summarily tried by Colonel-General Friedrich Fromm—a quiet supporter who betrayed them once he saw the plot had failed—and taken into the courtyard of the Bendlerblock, where they were shot by a firing squad. Quirnheim was the second of the four to be shot, after Olbricht. The bodies were buried in the Matthäus Churchyard in Berlin's Schöneberg district; a stone in memory of the event stands in the churchyard. Heinrich Himmler subsequently ordered the bodies to be exhumed and cremated, and the ashes scattered.
A few days later, Quirnheim's parents and one of his sisters were arrested by the Gestapo and his brother-in-law Wilhelm Dieckmann was executed on 13 September 1944.
There is a now a memorial on the wall of the Bendlerblock, where Quirnheim and his fellow conspirators were shot.


Bob Gualtieri

Robert A. "Bob" Gualtieri (born October 2, 1961) is an American law enforcement officer, lawyer and politician who is serving as the 15th and current sheriff of Pinellas County, Florida. He previously served as Chief Deputy and General Counsel to PCSO under Sheriff Jim Coats. Gualtieri was appointed Sheriff by Governor Rick Scott in 2011 to succeed Coats. Gualtieri was elected to the office in his own right in 2012, and was re-elected in 2016. He is a member of the Republican Party.
In March 2018, House Speaker Richard Corcoran appointed Gualtieri to the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Commission, and Governor Scott named him Chairman. In 2019, the National Sheriffs' Association named Gualtieri the recipient of the Ferris E. Lucas Sheriff of the Year award. Gualtieri is also the elected president of the Florida Sheriffs Association for the 2019-2020 year.
Early life and law enforcement career.
Gualtieri was born on October 2, 1961, in Syracuse, New York. His parents were Linda and Frank Gualtieri. His father served as District Attorney in Onondaga County.
He moved to Florida with his parents in 1980. In 1982, Gualtieri was hired by the Pinellas County Sheriff's Office as a detention deputy for the county jail. In 1983, he joined the Dunedin Police Department as a patrol officer. He rejoined the Sheriff's Office in 1984 as a patrol deputy and later as a detective assigned to drug investigations. He continued to work for PCSO until 1998.
Education and private practice.
Gualtieri attended Eckerd College and earned a B.A. in American Studies. After leaving the Sheriff's Office in 1998, he attended Stetson University College of Law, where he earned a J.D. in 2002. From 2003 to 2006, he worked as an attorney for Ford Harrison, a national labor law firm with an office in Tampa.
General Counsel and Chief Deputy for PCSO.
In 2006, Gualtieri accepted an offer from Sheriff Jim Coats to return to the Sheriff's Office as General Counsel. He was appointed Chief Deputy in 2008, a role that saw him in charge of day-to-day operations. He continued to serve in both roles until his appointment as Sheriff in 2011.
As Chief Deputy, Gualtieri cut the department's budget; from 2008 to 2012 it shrank from $278 million to $206 million. He also helped open Pinellas Safe Harbor, an emergency/homeless shelter and diversion program next to the county jail.
Sheriff of Pinellas County.
On May 17, 2011, Sheriff Coats announced he would not seek re-election in 2012. Chief Deputy Gualtieri filed to run for sheriff the same day, and formally announced his candidacy two days later. On August 25, Coats announced he would retire on November 7 to support his wife, Cat, who was battling cancer.
Appointment.
On October 7, 2011, Florida Governor Rick Scott announced his appointment of Gualtieri as Interim Sheriff of Pinellas County. On November 9, Gualtieri took the oath of office from Sixth Circuit Chief Judge J. Thomas McGrady at the Pinellas County Criminal Justice Center in Clearwater. Gualtieri would serve the remainder of Coats' term, which was set to expire on January 7, 2013.
Elections.
2012.
Gualtieri faced a notable Republican primary challenge from former Pinellas Sheriff Everett Rice, who served from 1988 to 2004. Other candidates who sought to unseat Gualtieri included Republican Tim Ingold, who later dropped out and supported Rice; Democrats Scott Swope, Randy Heine, and Stephen W. Reilly; and write-in candidate Greg Pound. Gualtieri was endorsed by his predecessor, Jim Coats, who succeeded Rice. In the August 14 Republican primary, Gualtieri defeated Rice 57% to 42%. Gualtieri then faced Democrat Swope and write-in Pound in the general election. Gualtieri won his first full term on November 6, as he defeated Swope 59% to 40%.
2016.
Gualtieri qualified for the Republican nomination as he sought his second full term. Republican Josh Black announced a challenge to Gualtieri but neither he nor Democrat Paul Congemi qualified on the ballot. Gualtieri's general election challengers were Independent James McLynas and write-in Greg Pound, the latter having previously ran against Gualtieri in 2012. Gualtieri defeated McLynas 76% to 22% in his November 8 re-election.
2020.
On January 2, Gualtieri filed for reelection to a third full term. His Democratic opponents were James McLynas, who previously ran under NPA against Gualtieri in 2016; and Eliseo Santana, an unsuccessful candidate for Pinellas School Board and Clearwater City Council, in 2016 and 2020 respectively.
In May, the Working Families Party publicly denounced Gualtieri, claiming the community is not safe under his leadership, and launched a campaign seeking a resident to step up and challenge him in the November election. The WFP ultimately endorsed Eliseo Santana.
Gualtieri participated in the first sheriff's forum of the 2020 election, hosted by Dream Defenders, on June 17. He spoke alone the first hour, while McLynas and Santana shared the second hour together. When questioned why he would not debate his challengers, Gualtieri acknowledged that he refused to debate McLynas over a series of photo-shopped pictures and memes criticizing him.
As Gualtieri had no Republican opposition, he automatically secured his party's nomination. Santana defeated McLynas in the Democratic primary, and will face Gualtieri in the general election on November 3. Following the primary, Daniel Nichanian of "The Appeal" called the Gualtieri-Santana matchup "the state's most consequential county-level election". On September 10, Gualtieri and Santana participated in a forum hosted by the League of Women Voters of St. Petersburg.
Policy positions.
Body cameras.
Although the PCSO uses dashcams in most of their vehicles, Gualtieri opposes the implementation of a body camera program in Pinellas. As of 2019, there are 24 Florida sheriff's offices that regulate body cameras.
Cannabis.
Gualtieri actively campaigned in opposition to Florida Amendment 2 in 2014, which would have legalized medical cannabis in the state; the sheriff argued that the amendment was crafted to push for the legalization of recreational use. In 2015, Gualtieri initially expressed support for a medical cannabis bill introduced by Republican state senator Jeff Brandes; however, the sheriff voted against it as a member of the Florida Sheriffs Association.
With the statewide legalization of hemp in 2019, Gualtieri acknowledged complications when it comes to making marijuana prosecutions. In October, Gualtieri and State Attorney Bernie McCabe issued a memo to caution deputies how to deal with individual cases.
Surveillance.
Gualtieri has expanded the use of the Face Analysis Comparison & Examination System (FACES), which PCSO began in 2001. As of 2019, FACES is accessed by 273 partner agencies, including 17 federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation; U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; and Internal Revenue Service. According to a 2016 study by Georgetown University Law Center, it contains up to 33 million faces, including 22 million Florida driver's license/ID photos and over 11 million law enforcement photos. When asked if the PCSO conducts audits for misuse, Gualtieri replied "No, not really." The network has faced criticism and concerns over lack of transparency, privacy concerns and abuse. In 2019, the agency reportedly requested services for a vendor to provide "real-time facial searching capabilities from live surveillance cameras"; however, a spokesperson claimed this was added to the RFI inadvertently and that the sheriff was opposed to real-time facial recognition.
Disputes with political rivals.
Two candidates who have run against Gualtieri, Greg Pound and James McLynas, have alleged police abuse against them in retaliation of their challenges to unseat him. The website Florida Politics has claimed that both men engage in conspiracy theories.
Greg Pound.
In a 2004 case preceding Gualtieri's return to the PCSO, local resident Greg Pound lost custody of his children after an incident in which a hybrid wolf dog attacked an infant at his home. Pound subsequently became a perennial candidate for Pinellas Sheriff, with unsuccessful challenges to defeat Sheriff Coats in 2008 and later Sheriff Gualtieri both in 2012 and 2016.
At a 2012 campaign event, Pound was arrested for "trespassing" despite being invited as a candidate for sheriff, an incident in which he believed he was silenced for criticizing Gualtieri.
James McLynas.
Beginning in 2009, local resident James McLynas and his estranged wife disputed over the custody of their daughter. She allegedly became violent towards James, but James did not believe it was appropriate to hit his wife in self-defense, so he called 9-1-1. When a male Pinellas deputy arrived to the home, according to James, his wife and the deputy went into their bedroom alone, and a few minutes later McLynas' wife had new scratch on her arm and accused James of domestic violence against her. After James was arrested, his wife admitted to making up the false allegation, yet she was never charged. McLynas claimed his wife later began "dating" the same Pinellas deputy who arrested him, along with two others from the Pinellas Sheriff's Office; two from the Clearwater Police Department and one from the Pasco County Sheriff's Office. McLynas claimed these officers harassed him over the next five years; in 2016, McLynas said there were over 150 false police reports, 7 fraudulent Domestic Violence Injunctions (DVI's), and 22 false Child Protective Investigation reports filed against him and four false arrests from 2009 to 2015.
In August 2013, James McLynas privately informed Gualtieri that he would challenge him for sheriff in the 2016 election to "expose his corruption". On October 28, McLynas' 60 pound, 10-year-old daughter was handcuffed and arrested in an incident he believed was politically motivated. Then on October 30— the day before his custody hearing, McLynas was arrested on five felony charges in what he alleged was Gualtieri's attempt to keep him out of court and lose custody of his daughter, and thus drop his campaign for sheriff. It was later revealed that Gualtieri used a Stingray phone tracker to track McLynas down. At his final custody hearing, the judged ruled that McLynas' wife and the police colluded against James, and he was awarded 100% custody of his daughter while incarcerated— a first in Florida history. All charges against McLynas were dropped and he publicly announced his candidacy for sheriff after being released from jail on November 1.
McLynas persisted through his 2016 campaign; although he finished second to Gualtieri, following the results on the night of the election, he immediately pledged to run again in 2020. In a videotaped incident published in February 2020, McLynas encountered difficulties making a standard public records request; when the clerk refused service to him, she brought in six deputies to question him. McLynas claimed his constitutional rights were violated, that he was harassed and physically assaulted twice, and that the deputies made up numerous false allegations against him in an attempt to arrest him; McLynas believed this was another attempt by Gualtieri to interfere in the election.
Hurricane Irma.
During preparations for Hurricane Irma in September 2017, Gualtieri warned Pinellas residents facing mandatory evacuations that while it is a crime not to evacuate, he would not send his deputies to arrest people from their homes. He also stated he did not plan to arrest people with warrants if they showed up at emergency shelters. The sheriff stressed that his office would not respond to emergency calls during the hurricane. On the afternoon of September 9, Gualtieri suspended visitation at the county jail, as they began to evacuate inmates. By the evening of September 10, the rain and winds from the storm forced the sheriff to pull his deputies from the roads. Pinellas temporarily closed their borders when the hurricane passed the county on September 11; residents were allowed to return to Pinellas by 9:30 a.m. and were allowed to return to the barrier islands by 4 p.m. Gualtieri subsequently suspended four deputies for neglecting their duties during the hurricane.
Markeis McGlockton shooting.
On July 20, 2018, Sheriff Gualtieri announced that his agency would not charge 47-year-old Michael Drejka for the shooting death of 28-year-old Markeis McGlockton in Clearwater the day before, in accordance with Florida's stand-your-ground law. In August, Gualtieri handed the investigation over to State Attorney Bernie McCabe for a final decision. Drejka was formally charged with a single count of manslaughter later that month. Drejka's trial was held a year later, and he was found guilty and sentenced to 20 years in prison.
Gualtieri's initial decision not to arrest Drejka sparked protests by community activists and received bipartisan criticism from Republicans and Democrats. The Pinellas chapter of the Green Party called for Gualtieri to resign. Civil rights activist Al Sharpton made a stop at a Clearwater church, calling for Gualtieri to "lock him (Drejka) up, or give up your badge." Gualtieri reacted to this statement by suggesting Sharpton to "go back to New York. Mind your own business."
In December 2019, Daniel Nichanian of "The Appeal" wrote that Gualtieri's record will be on the 2020 ballot, citing the McGlockton case.
Coronavirus pandemic.
Arrests and jail conditions.
Gualtieri reportedly sent an email to police chiefs on March 16, cautioning them to use "good judgment and decision-making" when determining whether to make an arrest, as the jail struggles with overcrowding during the coronavirus pandemic. Since March 16 the PCSO has reportedly arrested less than 70 people a day, down from an average of 130-140 bookings before the pandemic. However, James McLynas noted that the PCSO continued to make more arrests over minor non-violent offenses in the following days. Tampa Bay Dream Defenders created an online petition directed to Pinellas and Hillsborough County, to "urge the State Attorney's Offices, the Sixth and Thirteenth Judicial Circuits, the Pinellas and Hillsborough Department of Corrections and police departments across Pinellas and Hillsborough Counties to immediately release all people who are currently incarcerated on bondable offenses from jail and to stop adding new people to the jail population." Gualtieri is opposed to a mass release of inmates as his first option.
In a "Tampa Bay Times" article published on March 17, Gualtieri asserted that "no inmates were in medical isolation or experiencing worrisome symptoms". It was also reported that about 220 inmates at the county jail were forced to sleep on the floor, as the Florida Department of Corrections temporarily suspended inmate transfers. By March 21, about 200 inmates were released "through the normal process" and the number of inmates who slept on the floor had been reduced to about 60. By March 23, about 500 inmates had been released and 40 slept on the floor.
Impact on businesses and economy.
On March 17, county officials announced that restaurants and other establishments in Pinellas must stop selling alcohol by 10 p.m. starting the following day. "This is about people gathering in massive groups," Gualtieri said. "This is a serious problem that requires a serious response."
At a joint news conference with Clearwater Police Chief Daniel Slaughter at Clearwater Beach's Pier 60 on March 21, Gualtieri thanked Pinellas citizens who were complying with orders to stay off county beaches. He criticized the national media for replaying a viral news clip of spring breakers packed on the beach earlier in the week, saying the problem did not reoccur in the following days, and criticized county leaders for caving into pressure to shut down the beaches, claiming such a closure would be a challenge for patrolling.
On March 26, Gualtieri lead 200 deputies and officers by posting 14,000 "safer at home" orders on businesses, one day after county officials issued the "safer at home" directive. " Tampa Bay Guardian", an independent online newspaper, called the event a "photo opportunity" and reported that Gualtieri violated the county order by improperly posting notices to make them visible outside the premise but not to those "present on the premises", as the order requires.
Positive diagnosis.
On August 14, the sheriff's office announced that Gualtieri tested positive for COVID-19. He tested negative a week after his positive diagnosis.
Politics.
Gualtieri has been recognized by SaintPetersBlog/Florida Politics on their annual list of "Tampa Bay's 25 Most Powerful Politicians".
In the 2016 United States presidential election in Florida, Gualtieri voted for Donald Trump.


Herbert Ingram

Herbert Ingram (27 May 1811 – 8 September 1860) was a British journalist and politician. He is considered the father of pictorial journalism through his founding of "The Illustrated London News", the first illustrated magazine. He was a Liberal politician who favoured social reform and represented Boston for four years until his early death in the shipwreck of the "Lady Elgin".
Early life.
Ingram was born at Paddock Grove, Boston, Lincolnshire, the son of a butcher. After being educated at Laughton's Charity School and the free school in Wormgate (a street in Boston), he was apprenticed as a 14-year-old to town printer Joseph Clarke. When Ingram finished his training, he moved to London, where he worked as a journeyman printer.
In 1832, Ingram established his own printing and newsagents business in Nottingham, in partnership with his brother-in-law, Nathaniel Cooke. As a newsagent, he noticed that when newspapers included woodcuts, their sales increased. He concluded that making a good profit would be possible from a magazine that included a large number of illustrations. However, a while was needed before he could put this theory into practice. The newsagent business failed to make much progress until Ingram purchased the rights to a laxative known as Parr's Life Pills. The profits from marketing these pills provided the capital that enabled him to set up and publish "The Illustrated London News".
"The Illustrated London News".
Ingram moved back to London, and after discussing the matter with his friend, Mark Lemon, the editor of "Punch", he decided to start his own magazine – "The Illustrated London News". The first edition appeared on 14 May 1842. Costing sixpence, the magazine had 16 pages and 32 woodcuts and targeted a broadly middle-class readership. It included pictures of the war in Afghanistan, a train crash in France, a steam boat explosion in Canada, and a fancy dress ball at Buckingham Palace. That pictorials were viewed as being as important as text for reporting was clear from the first issue, which stated that the aim was to bring within the public grasp "... the very form and presence of events as they transpire; and whatever the broad and palpable delineations of wood engraving can achieve, will now be brought to bear upon every subject which attracts the attention of mankind".
Ingram was a staunch Liberal who favoured social reform. He announced in "The Illustrated London News" that the concern of the magazine would be "with the English poor" and the "three essential elements of discussion with us will be the poor laws, the factory laws, and the working of the mining system". Despite arguing the case for social reform, the paper claimed to be nonpartisan. Its first editorial had stated, "We commence our political discourse by a disavowal of the unconquerable aversion to the name of Party." However, this may have been no more than a desire to gain the widest possible readership, because as time progressed, the paper displayed its Whig inclination. It showed moderation and caution in its reportage and this extended to that of the Irish Famine, which was largely sympathetic, even if not quite able to denounce the inadequacy of government policy or the ideas of prevailing economic or political orthodoxy. It had none of the overt negative stereotyping found in the most acerbic "Punch" cartoons. Overall, it shoed an attitude that England had a responsibility towards the victims of what was largely interpreted as a natural disaster.
The magazine was an immediate success, and the first edition sold 26,000 copies. Within a few months, it was selling over 65,000 copies a week. High prices were charged for advertisements, and Ingram was soon making £12,000 a year from this publishing venture. Encouraged by the success of "The Illustrated London News", Ingram decided in 1848 to start a daily newspaper, the "London Telegraph". When Andrew Spottiswoode started a rival paper, the "Pictorial Times", Ingram purchased it and merged it with the "Illustrated London News". In 1855, Ingram took over another rival, the "Illustrated Times".
Ingram employed leading artists of the day to illustrate social events, news stories, and towns and cities. The whole spectrum of Victorian Britain was recorded pictorially in "The Illustrated London News" for many decades; special events were important to its success. The magazine did very well during the Great Exhibition of 1851 and the edition that reported the funeral of the Duke of Wellington in 1852 sold between 150,000 and 250,000 copies, according to various accounts. Illustrations came from all corners of the globe. By 1855, Ingram was using colour and had artists in Great Britain and continental Europe racing to the scene of stories to capture the drama in print. The Crimean War caused a further boost to sales. By 1863, after Ingram's death, "The Illustrated London News" was selling over 300,000 copies a week, far higher than other journals. For example, newspapers such as the "Daily News" sold 6,000 copies at this time, and even the largest-selling newspaper, "The Times", only sold 70,000 copies.
"The Illustrated London News" is still published today. Alison Booth, current editor, said: "He was very inventive and far-sighted and his legacy of bringing pictures to journalism can still be seen on the front pages of newspapers and magazines all over the world. "The Illustrated London News" had many imitators, but none came close. His first edition featured a great fire in Hamburg, Germany, and drawings portrayed the horror for readers. The popularity of the paper soared and attracted the most talented artists."
MP for Boston.
In 1856, Ingram became the Liberal candidate in a by-election in his home town of Boston. With help from his friends Mark Lemon and Douglas Jerrold at "Punch", and from the team at "The Illustrated London News", Ingram advocated a policy of social reform. He told the people of Boston they needed a "representative who is at once the product and the embodiment of the progressive spirit of the age". The electorate responded to Ingram's message and he won an overwhelming victory. However, several daily newspapers attacked "Punch" and "The Illustrated London News" for the part they had played in Ingram's victory.
He continued his campaign for social reform in the House of Commons until his death four years later.
Ingram was instrumental in bringing the Great Northern Railway to Boston, which forged new links with other parts of the country and got the town on track for a new era of growth. He also played a major part in supplying fresh piped water to the town, a move that was met with rejoicing and brass bands when the taps were turned on for the first time.
Death and legacy.
In 1860, Ingram went to the US with his eldest son to obtain material for "The Illustrated London News". On 8 September, they were aboard the "Lady Elgin" on Lake Michigan when the ship was sunk after colliding with another vessel. Herbert Ingram, his son, and hundreds of other passengers were drowned. Herbert was brought back to Boston for burial in the Boston Cemetery on Horncastle Road. His son's body was never found and identified and was probably buried in an unmarked grave in Winnetka near Chicago. Another of Ingram's sons, William, took over the newspaper, and was also MP for Boston and became a baronet.
A statue of Ingram is in the Market Place in Boston in front of St. Botolph's Church (Boston "Stump"). The statue was designed by Alexander Munro (sculptor) and was unveiled in October 1862. The allegorical figure at the base of the monument is a reference to Ingram's efforts to bring the first piped water to the town.


Judicial override

In United States jurisprudence, a judicial override is when a judge overrules a jury's sentencing determination.
Use in capital cases.
Only four U.S. states have allowed judicial overrides: Alabama, Delaware, Florida, and Indiana. Indiana abolished it in 2002, Florida in 2016, and Alabama in 2017. In 2016, the Delaware Supreme Court declared the state's death penalty law unconstitutional due to the override.
Researchers who analyzed survey data from thousands of capital jurors found that "residual doubt" about the person's guilt was the most significant reason jurors voted for a life sentence instead of the death penalty. This could suggest that life-to-death overrides have a higher likelihood of resulting in a wrongful conviction.
Florida.
Florida was the first state to adopt an override statute in the 1970s, after the Supreme Court case "Furman v. Georgia" had effectively invalidated all death penalty statutes in the country. The purpose of the override was to prevent juries from over-sentencing the death penalty. In "Tedder v. State" (1975), the Supreme Court of Florida stated that for a judge to override a jury's recommendation of a life sentence, "the facts suggesting a sentence of death should be so clear and convincing that virtually no reasonable person could differ." The U.S. Supreme Court upheld Florida's statute in 1984. The last death sentence imposed by override in the state was in 1999.
In January 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down a part of Florida's capital sentencing scheme in "Hurst v. Florida". The Court held that "The Sixth Amendment requires a jury, not a judge, to find each fact necessary to impose a sentence of death. A jury’s mere recommendation is not enough." In March 2016, the state legislature abolished the judicial override.
Indiana.
Indiana followed Florida in 1977 and enacted a similar death penalty scheme in which the jury's sentence recommendation was not binding. There were no directions on when the judge could override the jury's life sentence until 1989, when the Indiana Supreme Court held that the override was permitted only when "virtually no reasonable person could disagree that death was appropriate." All ten death sentences imposed by override in Indiana were later vacated in appellate courts. In 2002, the override was abolished, and the courts were left with an option to determine the sentence only when the jury's recommendation was not unanimous.
Alabama.
In Alabama, judges had no restrictions on when they could override a jury's recommendation of a life sentence. Judicial overrides amounted to more than 20 percent of all death sentences between 1981 and 2015 (101 out of 413), and half of exonerations due to innocence (3 out of 6).
In 1995, the United States Supreme Court held in an 8–1 decision that the Eighth Amendment "does not require the State to define the weight the sentencing judge must give to an advisory jury verdict." The Court had been asked to impose Florida's "great weight" standard on Alabama, but Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor said that doing so would amount to micromanagement. The Supreme Court declined to take up a case reviewing Alabama's use of judicial overrides in 2013 and again in 2015. Justices Stephen Breyer and Sonia Sotomayor dissented the 2013 decision to decline to rehear the issue. Justice Sotomayor suggested that the elected nature of Alabama's judges is the underlying issue, with a study showing that death sentences are imposed more in election years.
In April 2017, the Alabama legislature passed a bill that abolished judicial override prospectively.
Delaware.
Delaware enacted an override statute in November 1991 after a jury had given four perpetrators life sentences for murdering two guards during an armed robbery. The life-to-death override was used on only one defendant, whose sentence was appealed and ultimately changed to a life verdict. Instead, the override was used multiple times to override a death sentence recommended by the jury.
In August 2016, the Delaware Supreme Court held that the judicial override made the state's death penalty statute violate the Sixth Amendment of the US Constitution.


Holding Hope

Holding Hope is a 2010 Nigerian drama film written by Uduak Isong Oguamanam, produced by Emem Isong and Uche Jombo, and directed by Desmond Elliot. It stars Desmond Elliot, Uche Jombo and Nadia Buari, introducing Abiola Segun Williams. It was premiered in Lagos on 8 August 2010, along with "Bursting Out" and was met with mixed to positive critical reviews. Nadia Buari and Moyo Lawal were nominated for "Best actress in a supporting role in an English film" and "Most Promising Act (female)" respectively at the 2012 Best of Nollywood Awards for their roles in the film.
Plot summary.
The film narrates the story of Mrs Badmus (Abiola Segun Williams) who owns a multimillion business empire (Da Costa Holdings), but her son Olumide (Desmond Elliot) is very wayward and is not interested in running the business. Mrs Badmus eventually reveals to her son that she is dying of cancer and she has few months left to live. She gives a condition that if he wants her to be happy, he needs to marry Hope (Uche Jombo), the financial director of the company and a very dedicated employee. Mrs Badmus also feels Hope is the perfect wife that can keep her son's wasteful spending in check when she is no more. Olumide orchestrates a plan with her girlfriend, Sabina (Nadia Buari) and Olumide starts to fake his love for Hope, waiting for the day his mother will die. However, Mrs Badmus' Will states that Olumide has to be married to Hope to have her properties; If anything otherwise happens, Hope should have the properties. Olumide has no other choice than to marry Hope, but however frustrates her with everything after wedlock, while still going out with Sabina. Hope, who continues to play a good and faithful wife despite her husband's attitude, finds out that she is also suffering from Leukaemia. Olumide eventually falls deeply in love with Hope, but it is too late because she now has few months left to live.
Production.
The script of "Holding Hope" was inspired by the account of three cancer survivors; Desmond Elliot and Uche Jombo believed so much in the film, so they both joined Emem Isong to executively produce the film. Speaking on the film, Jombo states: "we want to make people cry, laugh and perhaps pause and think at the same time". Uche Jombo had to lose a significant amount of weight to play the role of Hope in the film; She had to go on a diet and practically "starve" herself. During the course filming, she was made to sleep for only about 2 hours a day, so she can have a natural pale appearance, some little makeup effects were added on her as well. She also worked out excessively and was able to burn up to 50 pounds of fat. Jombo stepped out on some redcarpet events before the film was officially announced which sparked rumours about her and her health status. The film was shot in Lagos. One of the cancer patients whose story inspired the making of the film and is being described in one of the characters died during the course of filming.
Release.
The official trailer of "Holding Hope" was released on 14 July 2010. It premiered on 8 August 2010 at the Silverbird Cinemas in Lagos, alongside "Bursting Out", another Royal Arts Academy film. This was the second time Royal Arts Academy would premiere two feature films on the same day, after its double premiere of "Guilty Pleasures" and "Nollywood Hustlers" the previous year. The film opened to packed cinema hall; the first hall was filled in no time and a second hall had to be opened to accommodate the crowd. The film had its US premiere on 5 September 2010 in Dallas, Texas.
Reception.
Critical reception.
The film received mixed to positive reviews. It was mostly praised for its cinematography, the emotional message, music and Uche Jombo's performance, while criticized for its bad sound quality, poor editing, occasional inappropriate music score and generally poor production. Nollywood Reinvented gave a 52% rating, praised Uche Jombo's performance, the film's soundtrack and commented: "For the most part, it ["Holding Hope"] was made up of motifs that we had seen before. There were very obvious signs of potentially great cinematography within this movie, but I couldn’t understand why suddenly the color and hue would just change when it wasn’t a flashback, dream or anything of the sort, the voices were also out of sync a lot. Slam is a musical genius and Ego’s “Bia Nulu”" was amazing! NollywoodForever.Com gave 84% rating, praised the cinematography and concluded: "I was taken on an emotional roller coaster ride from feeling anger at the way that Olumide was treating his wife, to sadness for her and then happy when the relationship was back on track. I loved Uche and Desmond acting alongside each other, there is a nice easy comfortable chemistry that translates perfectly on screen". Aghwana Amelia gave a rating of 8 out of 10, stating: ""Holding Hope" is a movie with a lot of morals. The director is very creative using different types of angles, shots, effects, movement and not limiting himself. The actors were able to show good acting skills, which portrayed the characters as they should be seen".
Accolades.
Nadia Buari was nominated for "Best actress in a supporting role in an English film" at the 2012 Best of Nollywood Awards, while Moyo Lawal was also nominated for "Most Promising Act (female)" at the same Awards.
Home media.
The film was which is a single film was released on VCD in two parts, with each part lasting for approximately one hour. The film was also released on VOD platforms such as Distrify and Iroko TV.


The Center of Winter

The Center of Winter is a novel by the American author Marya Hornbacher. It was published by Harper Perennial in early 2005.


Phil Emmanuel

Phillip Ernest Emmanuel (6 July 1952 – 24 May 2018) was an Australian guitar player who found fame with The Trailblazers, and as the older brother of musician Tommy Emmanuel. He played with many other Australian artists including INXS, Jimmy Barnes, John Farnham, Ian Moss and Slim Dusty, as well as playing with many international artists such as British guitarist Hank B. Marvin and American performers Chet Atkins, Willie Nelson, Duane Eddy and Dolly Parton. His debut album, "Kakadu Sunrise", reached No. 33 on the New Zealand album charts. In 1994 Phil and Tommy Emmanuel released the album "Terra Firma" and it was nominated for the 1995 ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album. In 2011, Emmanuel was inducted into the Australian Roll of Renown.
Death and posthumous Order of Australia recognition.
Emmanuel died suddenly of an asthma attack in Parkes, New South Wales, on 24 May 2018, aged 65. He was honoured with a posthumous induction into the Order of Australia in 2018 with an OAM, one of several Australian musicians to receive honours including veteran singer-songwriter Brian Cadd.
Awards and honours.
Australian Roll of Renown.
The Australian Roll of Renown honours Australian and New Zealander musicians who have shaped the music industry by making a significant and lasting contribution to country music. It was inaugurated in 1976 and the inductee is announced at the Country Music Awards of Australia in Tamworth in January.


SS Malama

Milwaukee Bridge was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Submarine Boat Company of Newark for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was first briefly employed on the East Coast to United Kingdom route during the first two years of her career before being laid up at the end of 1921. In 1927 she was acquired by Matson Navigation Company to operate between California and Hawaii and renamed Malama. On New Year's day 1942 while en route to New Zealand under U.S. Army operation with cargo of military supplies she was discovered by Japanese merchant raiders and was scuttled by her crew to prevent capture.
Design and construction.
After the United States entry into World War I, a large shipbuilding program was undertaken to restore and enhance shipping capabilities both of the United States and their Allies. As part of this program, EFC placed orders with nation's shipyards for a large number of vessels of standard designs. Design 1023 cargo ship was a standard cargo freighter of approximately 5,300 tons deadweight designed by Submarine Boat Corp. and adopted by USSB.
"Milwaukee Bridge" was part of the first order for 50 vessels placed by USSB with Submarine Boat Corp. on 14 September 1917. The ship was laid down at the shipbuilder's yard on 21 March 1918 (yard number 17) and launched on 2 March 1919, with Miss Ruth Trimborn, daughter of C. Trimborn president of the Milwaukee Bridge Company of Milwaukee, being the sponsor. The ship was named after Milwaukee Bridge Co., one of many providers of fabricated steel for the shipyard.
Similar to all vessels of this class the ship had three islands and one main deck, had machinery situated amidships and had four main holds, both fore and aft, which allowed for the carriage of variety of goods and merchandise. The vessel also possessed all the modern machinery for quick loading and unloading of cargo from five large hatches, including ten winches and ten booms. She was also equipped with wireless apparatus and had electrical lights installed along the deck.
As built, the ship was long (between perpendiculars) and abeam and had a depth of . "Milwaukee Bridge" was originally assessed at and and had deadweight of approximately 5,200. The vessel had a steel hull with double bottom throughout and a single turbine rated at 1,500 shp, double reduction geared to a single screw propeller, that moved the ship at up to . The steam for the engine was supplied by two Babcock & Wilcox Water Tube boilers fitted for oil fuel.
Following successful completion of trials, the freighter was inspected by the USSB representatives and officially accepted by them on 21 May 1919.
Operational history.
Following acceptance by the Shipping Board, "Milwaukee Bridge" was allocated to Kerr Steamship Company to operate on their Mediterranean and South American routes. The vessel loaded full cargo of sugar in New York and sailed out on her maiden voyage on 19 June 1919 bound for Lisbon, Bilbao and Santander. After an uneventful and quick journey she arrived at Lisbon on July 3 and proceeded to visit the remaining destinations. The vessel sailed from Bilbao on her return trip on July 24 and safely reached New York on August 8, thus successfully completing her maiden trip. On her next trip "Milwaukee Bridge" departed Newport News on September 16 carrying large cargo of flour and other merchandise, including drums of sulfuric acid, to multiple South American ports such as Santos, Florianópolis and Buenos-Aires. While en route the sulfuric acid drums stored as deck load started leaking causing damage to the vessel's deck and the cargo of flour in the holds underneath forcing the crew to throw some of the drums overboard. Following this trip and return to New York on 5 January 1920, the vessel was allocated to Moore, McCormack & Co. to serve their United Kingdom and Ireland routes. The vessel cleared out loaded with general cargo from New York on her first trip under new management on 6 February 1920 bound for Belfast, Cork and Dublin. On her departure back to North America, she was forced to put in into Queenstown with engine problems on March 14 and was able to depart ten days later after repairs were effected. The freighter continued sailing to Irish destinations through the end of 1920 before being shifted to serve various ports on the Baltic Sea in January 1921. On one of such journeys in August 1921 she went aground near Hals while attempting to navigate to Aalborg. "Milwaukee Bridge" was able to refloat herself but had to unload part of her cargo into lighters before she could re-enter the harbor. After conducting one more trip and returning to New York on October 6, "Milwaukee Bridge" was returned to the Shipping Board and was subsequently laid up together with many other vessels due to overabundance of available tonnage and scarcity of cargo, and remained berthed at the Staten Island anchorage for almost six years.
In mid-March 1927 it was reported that "Milwaukee Bridge" was purchased for in cash by Matson Navigation Company and soon departed the East Coast for California in ballast where the ship were to enter the Hawaiian trade. After passing through the Panama Canal on 2-3 May 1927, the vessel reached San Francisco approximately fifteen days later. Once there, the ship was renamed "Malama" after a district of the Big Island near Puna. The freighter cleared out from San Francisco on her first West Coast voyage on 31 May 1927 to load cargo at Portland and Astoria, and after loading nearly 161,000 feet of lumber as well as other general cargo, returned to California two weeks later to pick up a pineapple barge destined for Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company in Hawaii. After an uneventful journey, "Malama" arrived at Honolulu on June 25. The ship then proceeded to Mahukona where she loaded all available sugar and sailed back for San Francisco on July 8, arriving there on July 19 and successfully concluding her first trip under new ownership. Following this trip, "Malama" was put into local shipyard for refitting and overhaul as required by the terms of sale. The work took approximately six month to finish, and the ship returned to service in February 1928. Upon return, "Malama" entered triangular freight route carrying lumber and other general cargo from the Puget Sound ports such as Bellingham, Gray's Harbor and Coos Bay to various Hawaiian destinations. On the return leg of her trips she was carrying mostly sugar and occasionally other tropical fruits such as pineapples and coconuts to San Francisco. She stayed in this service through the end of 1929. In early part of 1930 she was switched temporarily into direct San Francisco to Hawaii route, transporting general cargo from California and bringing back the same tropical cargoes. After seven months, "Malama" reentered the lumber trade in August 1930 bringing over a million feet of lumber to Hawaii on her first trip. However, after only one more trip Matson Navigation unexpectedly removed the freighter from service in September 1930. The vessel remained berthed in San Francisco until early May 1932 when shewas temporarily brought back into service to take over another Matson's ship route. "Malama" arrived at Honolulu at the end of May bringing general cargo, automobiles, fuel oil and other merchandise. After conducting one more trip, "Malama" again was withdrawn from service and laid up in August 1932.
The freighter remained out of service for nearly four years and was finally reactivated in April 1936 when she was put into drydock for some upgrades before returning to service. After finishing the upgrades, "Malama" re-entered the same triangular freight route it served before, carrying lumber from the Pacific Northwest to Hawaii and returning to San Francisco with sugar and molasses. "Malama" continued serving this general route until the end of 1941. In July 1941 while shifting berths during loading in foggy weather "Malama" went aground on one of the sandspits at the entrance to the Humboldt Bay. The U.S. Coast Guard cutter was dispatched to her rescue but could not refloat her immediately requiring some of the lumber cargo to be removed. After lighting the vessel was successfully refloated sustaining no apparent damage and could continue her journey.
With mounting tensions between the United States and Japan in summer 1941 and vulnerability and insufficiency of the Philippines defenses forced the War Department to quickly escalate shipments of war supplies, personnel and equipment to the Philippine Islands. In early November 1941 the United States Army requisitioned several cargo vessels plying their trade on the West Coast, including "Malama", to transport the required personnel and equipment to Manila. At the time of the announcement, "Malama" was on one of her regular trips unloading her cargo in various ports of Hawaiian Islands. She arrived in San Francisco on November 20 and upon unloading was delivered to the Maritime Commission on 25 November 1941 who in turn allocated the ship at the same time to the War Department for Army operation under a standard Time Form Charter Agreement.
Sinking.
After being transferred to the Army control, "Malama" loaded full cargo of war materiel consisting of various Army stores, 25 tons of Signal Corps equipment, including seven mobile radar sets SCR-270, 116 trucks and trailers, aircraft parts as well as significant amounts of chemical warfare supplies. She sailed out from San Francisco on 29 November 1941 bound for the Philippines via Honolulu. The vessel was under command of captain Malcolm R. Peters, had a crew of thirty three and in addition carried five Army radar technicians. Following an uneventful trip "Malama" reached Honolulu at 08:30 on December 8 where she was ordered to take refuge and await further orders. After approximately a week's wait the Navy started releasing all the ships for voyages and rerouting them if necessary. "Malama" was released at 12:00 noon on December 16 and re-routed to Wellington. The freighter managed to make it safely through the Japanese submarine patrols around the Hawaii but on 31 December 1941 she was spotted by a Kawanishi E7K2 "Alf" floatplane from the armed merchant cruiser which was operating in Southern Pacific together with her sister ship . The floatplane circled the ship several times but eventually departed the area without attacking her. This floatplane, however, never returned to her mother ship and the contact with the freighter was temporarily lost. Next day another E7K2 from the "Hōkoku Maru" was launched to search for the missing floatplane and the pilot and in the process reestablished contact with the American vessel. "Malama" sent out a message that she was being followed by an unknown plane, giving her position as . This message was picked up by a radio station in Papeete. The Japanese plane then strafed the freighter and ordered her to stop. Captain Peters complied and gave an order to abandon the ship, while "Malama"s radio operator sent out another message about the incident, which was picked up by a radio station in Raratonga. The plane then departed the area and returned several hours later armed with bombs, and with both merchant raiders following closely behind. Not wanting the ship's cargo seized, the captain also ordered that the vessel be scuttled which was done by dismantling her condensers allowing seawater to enter the hold. After the crew safely left the ship in two lifeboats, E7K2 proceeded to drop several bombs hitting the vessel and setting her ablaze. Both raiders soon arrived at the scene to pick up the survivors as "Malama" had already sunk by then. After ending their patrol, both merchant raiders returned to Japan in early February where an entire crew was disembarked. In June 1942 it was reported that "Malama"s crew was interned in Shanghai where they remained through the end of the war.


Wondrous Boccaccio

Wondrous Boccaccio () is a 2015 Italian film directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani. It is loosely based on stories from "The Decameron" by Giovanni Boccaccio.
Plot.
During the mid-14th century, in Florence, some young people of rich families are fleeing the city haunted by the plague. They take refuge in a large country house, and spend their time there telling stories.
The first story is set in Modena. Messer Gentile Garisendi is in love with Catalina, wife of Nicoluccio. She falls ill and her husband's mother fears that she has plague and will infect others in the household. She insists that she be taken away to the countryside to be cared for away from others. Her husband reluctantly agrees to this plan. On the trip, she dies. The carriage driver dumps her body off in a crypt at an abandoned church. Meanwhile, Gentile who had followed her carriage, sees her body in the crypt. He kisses her, and feels her heart beating. He takes her to his mother's villa where she is nursed back to health. He tells her that he wants to marry her. He invites a group of friends, including Nicoluccio, to see his chosen bride. He poses the question to the gathered group: a loyal servant falls ill and his patron abandons him. If another man picks up the servant, nurses him to health, shouldn't the second man be able to keep the servant? Nicoluccio answers, saying that the original patron has lost his right to have the servant and that he rightfully belongs to the second man. At that moment, Gentile reveals Catalina to the group, saying that she must decide between him and Nicoluccio. Nicoluccio, horrified, says she has come from hell. She looks at him, and says that no, I have come from paradise. She rejects him, remembering how he did not stay with her and turned her out in her illness.
In the second story: in Florence the oaf Calandrino apprentices in an art studio of a famous painter. Two of his fellow apprentices trick him by telling him of a stone that has the power to make people invisible. They go with him to the riverside to find such a stone. He finds one and they pretend that he is invisible. They convince their neighbors to play along with the ruse. Calendrino returns, carrying this stone, thinking that he is invisible, stealing gold from his neighbors' pouches, leering at a young woman, kicking the cane out from under the master painter. He arrives home and his wife, who doesn't know of the trick, looks at him and tells him his dinner is ready. He is horrified, believing that she has somehow cast a spell to drain the stone of its power. He accuses her of witchcraft and beats her. The story ends with her holding the stone above his head as he is eating at the dinner table.
Third story is set in Salerno. Duke Tancredi marries his daughter Ghismunda to a rich, older man. Soon after, the rich husband dies, and she falls in love with a handsome young man, a metal smith who works for her father. The father finds out, becomes enraged, and has him killed, later serving his heart to Ghismunda in a goblet of her lover's making. Ghismunda is torn by grief, and she melts the heart and adds poison to it. Ghismunda drinks the poison and dies.
City of Certaldo. One night, the nuns of the convent discover a nun in the arms of a man, and go to reveal this adultery to the mother superior. Unbeknownst to them, the mother superior is hiding her own lover in her chamber. So, in her hurry to dress, the mother superior confuses her headgear for the long johns of her lover. As she is passing judgment on the transgressing sister, her own secret is thus discovered by the nuns. At the end of the story, the mother superior is forced to pardon the sisters, and declares that God made everyone to have elements of sinners and saints within their souls, so each of them can bring lovers to the convent, as long as the news of the adulterers does not leave.
The last story: the knight Federico Alberighi is in love with Giovanna, but she does not love him. He spends all his money in courtship and has nothing left but a falcon. She marries another man, with whom she has a son. Years later, the man dies and she moves to a villa, which happens to be near Federico's country property. Her son befriends Federico and begins to learn falconry. Her son falls ill and asks for the falcon as a gift. Giovanna goes to Federico's home to discuss this with him. While she is there, he realizes that he has nothing to serve Giovanna for dinner, and so he kills the beloved falcon to make her dinner. She realizes this, and is horrified. The son later dies and Giovanna moves away. Eventually, her brothers come to find Federico and tell him that the time has come for her to remarry, but she will have no other suitor but Federico. They ask if he will accept her offer and he does.
Production.
The film was produced through Cinemaundici and Stemal Entertainment with support from Rai Cinema. Filming took place in Tuscany during ten weeks, from 31 March 2014.


John Hopkins (writer)

John Richard Hopkins (sometimes credited as John R. Hopkins; 27 January 1931 – 23 July 1998) was an English film, stage, and television writer.
Biography.
Born in southwest London, Hopkins was educated at Raynes Park County Grammar School, did National Service in the Army from 1950-1951. He read English Literature at St Catharine's College, Cambridge and joined BBC Television as a studio manager on graduation.
Hopkins began his writing career in radio, writing episodes of the BBC serial "Mrs Dale's Diary" for eighteen months. An attempt to become a trainee television director at the commercial television franchise holder Granada Television was unsuccessful. The company did accept his first play, "Break Up" (1958), about the end of the marriage of a young couple, although it was only shown in the Granada region. He established himself as a writer beginning when his then father-in-law Nigel Balchin asked him to try to adapt his novels for television, Adaptations of both "The Small Back Room" (for "Sunday Night Theatre") and "Mine Own Executioner" were broadcast in April and August 1959 respectively. Hopkins then adapted Margery Allingham's novels about the private detective Albert Campion into "Campion" featuring two six-part serials, "Dancers in Mourning" (1959) and "Death of a Ghost" (1960). Hopkins followed with a series based on Rosamund Lehmann's "The Weather in the Streets" (1961). He wrote his own thriller series, "A Chance of Thunder" in 1961.
Hopkins wrote over fifty episodes of the BBC police drama "Z-Cars", remaining with the series for 2, serving as the series' script editor for a time. One episode featured Judi Dench in the role of a delinquent. This character inspired Hopkins to write what is probably his best remembered work for the small screen, the four-part play sequence "Talking to a Stranger" (1966) directed by Christopher Morahan, with whom he had developed a rapport while working with him on "Z-Cars". Starring Dench, and Michael Bryant, as the adult children of characters played by Maurice Denham, and Margery Mason, "Talking to a Stranger" was transmitted as part of BBC2's "Theatre 625" anthology series. The plays told the story of one bleak weekend from the viewpoints of the four individuals. It won the British Directors' Guild Writers' Award and an Emmy in 1968 after the sequence was shown on American television. Critic George Melly described in "The Observer" as "[t]he first authentic masterpiece written directly for television". Two "Wednesday Plays" from this period by Hopkins were "Fable" from January 1965 and "Horror of Darkness" broadcast the following March. The former imagines an inverted South African apartheid in Britain (which was postponed by the BBC in case it affected a by-election), while the latter is a rare exploration of homosexuality in the 1960s. "Hour of Darkness" featured Glenda Jackson and Nicol Williamson in the lead roles.
Hopkins made his feature film debut with the screenplay he co-wrote with director Roy Ward Baker "Two Left Feet" (1963), a lightweight comedy-drama with Michael Crawford. He received co-screenwriter credit with Richard Maibaum for the fourth James Bond film James Bond movie "Thunderball" (1965). He co-wrote the screenplay for Leslie Thomas' boys-in-uniform comedy "The Virgin Soldiers" (1969) and worked on the screenplay for the film adaptation of "Man of La Mancha" (1972), although he was removed from this project by United Artists when the studio discovered his draft omitted most of the songs from the musical. His screenplay for "Murder by Decree" (1979) places Sherlock Holmes against Jack the Ripper. The film was directed by Bob Clark and featured Christopher Plummer as Holmes and James Mason as Watson.
Hopkins wrote his first stage play, "This Story of Yours", in 1968. Though it had poor reviews when it was staged at the Royal Court. One audience member who was impressed by the play was Sean Connery who chose it as a personal film project which became "The Offence" (1973). Connery not only produced the film under a deal with United Artists when he returned to the role of James Bond role, but also acted in the film version, directed by Sidney Lumet. Hopkins' plays for the stage included "Next of Kin", which was produced at London's National Theatre in 1974 with Harold Pinter directing.
His play, "Find Your Way Home" (1970) was produced in London and then on Broadway where it won a "Best Actor" Tony Award for Michael Moriarty.
Hopkins adapted Dostoevsky's "The Gambler" (1973) for television, it starred Edith Evans and Philip Madoc, and he wrote the two-part television screenplay, "Divorce His; Divorce Hers" (1973), which starred Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor. His later television work also includes the "Play for Today" "A Story to Frighten the Children" (1976), and the serial adaptation of John le Carré's novel "Smiley's People" (1982), starring Alec Guinness, both for the BBC; and the Cold War espionage thriller "" (1988) for ITV. Hopkins' six-play cycle, "Fathers and Families" (1977), again directed by Christopher Morahan, was unsuccessful.
Hopkins died at his home in Woodland Hills, California, United States, in July 1998, following an accident in which he slipped, hit his head and fell unconscious into his swimming pool, where he drowned.
Private life.
In 1954, Hopkins married Prudence Anne Balchin, a daughter of author Nigel Balchin. They divorced in 1969.
In 1969, he married the American actress Shirley Knight; the couple had one daughter, Sophie. His stepdaughter from his marriage to Knight is actress Kaitlin Hopkins, whom he raised.


Adam S. Lee

Adam Sidney Lee (born 1968) was the special agent in charge of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Richmond Division. Lee retired from the FBI in November 2018, to take a position with Dominion Energy in Richmond, VA.
Education and career.
Lee graduated from San Francisco State University in 1991 with a B.A. in Liberal Arts and a minor in Criminal Justice. He later earned a J.D. from John F. Kennedy University. Prior to his appointment at the FBI, worked as a California Senate Fellow.
Lee began his career as an FBI special agent in December 1996 San Diego Division, where he investigated public corruption and white-collar crime and served for seven years on the division’s SWAT team. In September 2005, he was promoted to serve on the Cyber Division’s Executive Staff at FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C.
In July 2007, he transferred to the Washington, D.C. Field Office, where he coordinated the White-Collar Crime Program and supervised the Financial Crimes Squad. He was promoted in August 2009 to assistant special agent in charge of the Washington Field Office’s Intelligence Division and managed its Human Intelligence Program. In June 2012, Mr. Lee was promoted to chief of the Public Corruption and Civil Rights Section. He also led the FBI’s global Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Antitrust Programs. He was selected to be special agent in charge of the FBI’s Richmond Division in March 2014.
In May 2017, it was reported that Lee was one of eight to be interviewed to succeed James Comey as Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.


Anthony Shadid

Anthony Shadid (September 26, 1968 – February 16, 2012) was a foreign correspondent for "The New York Times" based in Baghdad and Beirut who won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting twice, in 2004 and 2010.
Background.
Anthony Shadid was born on September 26, 1968, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, of Lebanese Christian descent. In 1990, he graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he wrote for "The Daily Cardinal" student newspaper.
Career.
From 2003 to 2009 Shadid was a staff writer for "The Washington Post" where he was an Islamic affairs correspondent based in the Middle East. He previously worked as Middle East correspondent for the Associated Press based in Cairo and as news editor of the AP bureau in Los Angeles. He spent two years covering diplomacy and the State Department for "The Boston Globe" before joining the "Post"s foreign desk.
In 2002, he was shot in the shoulder by an Israel sniper in Ramallah while reporting for the "Boston Globe" in the West Bank. The bullet also grazed his spine.
On March 16, 2011, Shadid and three colleagues were reported missing in Eastern Libya, having gone there to report on the uprising against the dictatorship of Col. Muammar Al-Ghaddafi. On March 18, 2011, "The New York Times" reported that Libya agreed to free him and three colleagues: Stephen Farrell, Lynsey Addario and Tyler Hicks. The Libyan government released the four journalists on March 21, 2011.
Personal life and death.
Shadid married Nada Bakri, also a reporter for "The New York Times"; they had a son, Malik. Shadid had a daughter, Laila, from his first marriage.
Michael Shadid was his great uncle.
Shadid died at age 43 on February 16, 2012, from a "fatal asthma attack" while attempting to leave Syria. Shadid's smoking and extreme allergy to horses are believed to be the major contributing factors in causing his fatal asthma attack. His body was carried to Turkey by Tyler Hicks, a photographer for "The New York Times".
Shadid's cousin, Dr. Edward Shadid of Oklahoma City, challenged the "Times" version of the death, and instead blamed the publication for forcing him into Syria.
Works.
Shadid's experiences in Iraq formed the subject for his 2005 book "Night Draws Near", an empathetic look at how the war has impacted the Iraqi people beyond liberation and insurgency.


Laurie Bird

Laurie Bird (September 26, 1952 – June 15, 1979) was an American film actress and photographer. She appeared in three films during the 1970s. Two of them were directed by Monte Hellman. She was romantically involved with Hellman and Art Garfunkel, committing suicide in the latter's apartment by taking an overdose of Valium. Bird inspired one of Tim Kinsella's novels.
Early life.
Bird's mother died by suicide at the age of 26 when Bird was only three years old. Her father was an electrical engineer. She had two elder brothers. Her strict father restricted her social life and she fled home multiple times. In response, her father had an arrest warrant issued in her name and she was put in an institution for neglected girls. She attended Jamaica High School until she was 15.
Career.
Described by Hollywood columnist Dick Kleiner as "look[ing] like an innocent Hayley Mills," Bird appeared in just three films: "Two-Lane Blacktop" (1971), "Cockfighter" (1974), and a small role as girlfriend to Paul Simon's character in the romantic comedy "Annie Hall" (1977), from Woody Allen. While researching for "Two-Lane Blacktop", screenwriter Rudolph Wurlitzer met her and recommended her name to Hellman while he was looking for actresses for the same movie. In "Two-Lane Blacktop" she played a hitchhiker to whom the film's characters are initially attracted, but runs off with a motorcyclist near the end of the film. Her second release, "Cockfighter", had her paired opposite Warren Oates. He loses her in a bet. In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Film critic Michael Atkinson wrote in his book "Exile Hollywood" (2008) "In two films, she made more of an impression, left more of a synaesthetic presence, than many actors do in a career".
Bird was the still photographer on "Cockfighter" and shot the cover photo for Art Garfunkel's 1977 album "Watermark". She also appeared on the cover of Garfunkel's 1975 album "Breakaway".
Personal life.
She was romantically involved with her "Blacktop" and "Cockfighter" director Monte Hellman. From 1974 until her death in 1979, Bird was in a serious romantic relationship with Art Garfunkel.
Suicide.
In 1979, Bird died by suicide by taking an overdose of Valium in the apartment she shared with Garfunkel in New York, who was deeply affected by her death. Garfunkel said, "She was beautiful, in a lonesome, haunted way, and I adored her. But I wasn't ready for marriage and she was not very comfortable being Laurie. She wasn't happy with herself. Her mother died by suicide at 26, and so did she."
Legacy.
Garfunkel's 1981 album "Scissors Cut" stated in its credits that it was "dedicated to you, Bird", and carried a partial photograph of her on its back cover.
Bird's relationship with Garfunkel was referred to in the liner notes of the latter's 1988 album "Lefty" and his collection of prose poems "Still Water". Hellman dedicated his 2010 film "Road to Nowhere" to Laurie Bird.
Tim Kinsella's novel "Let Go and Go On and On" (2014) is subtitled "Based on the roles of Laurie Bird". In the foreword, he writes, "This book by no means intends to convey any "truth" beyond one possible solution to the puzzles of her life and work."


Hans Peter Holm

Hans Peter Holm (17 June 1772 – 26 October 1812) was a Danish naval officer who commanded vessels of the Dano-Norwegian Navy in several actions. He commanded several naval vessels during the Gunboat War. His most important action occurred in 1812 at the Battle of Lyngør when a British squadron, led by the British ship-of-the-line , destroyed his vessel, . Holm sustained wounds in the battle but survived, only to drown in an accident shortly afterwards.
Biography.
Holm was born 17 June 1772 at Søholm, north of Copenhagen, to ship's master Peter Holm (1725–1786) and Christence Morslet (1744–1819). In 1807 he married Marie Heegaard (1791–1860), daughter of a plantation owner in St Croix in the Danish West Indies (DWI; now the US Virgin Islands). He died 26 October 1812 at Langesundsfjorden, Bamble, Telemark (SW of Oslo), and is buried in Langesund Church.
Early career.
At the age of 12, Holm accompanied his father, who was a ship's master in the Danish East India Company, on a strenuous voyage to the East. Upon his return to Denmark in 1785 he enrolled as a cadet at the Naval Cadet Academy in Copenhagen, from which he graduated on 6 March 1789.
As a junior lieutenant, he saw service in the "Norske Løve", and in "Havfruen" with the home squadron. In 1793–94 he was serving on board the brig on its cruise to the Danish West Indies. After further spells in home waters on board HDMS "Fredericksværn" (then acting as a cadet training ship), and HDMS "Cronborg", he was aboard in the Mediterranean under the leadership of Steen Andersen Bille during the Danish attack on Tripoli.
Holm received promotion to senior lieutenant on 3 November 1798. He then served as the recruiting officer at Arendal, southern Norway. Spells at sea followed, including serving on board HDMS "Oldenburg" on 15 November 1798 when a severe storm in Table Bay, South Africa, drove the vessel ashore. Holm served again in the Mediterranean in 1800–01 on the ship "Sejeren".
Danish West Indies.
Holm traveled to the Danish West Indies (DWI) in 1802 to retake command of which had been surrendered to the British when they had occupied the islands in 1801. "Lougen" returned to Copenhagen on 7 September 1802.
Almost immediately, Holm returned to the DWI for a period of some ten months, but was back in Denmark in June 1804. His next assignment was as a recruiting officer in Tønning, tasked with stopping foreign vessels hiring Danish seamen.
Soon, however, he was back in the DWI as chief pilot and harbour master on St Croix, which positions he retained during the British occupation of the island from December 1807, until the spring of 1809. During his time in the DWI, Holm was promoted to Commander (Kapt Lt) on 1 March 1805.
He returned to Europe on an American brig in 1809. Holm then became second-in-command of the ship-of-the-line "Pultusk", blockaded in the River Scheldt, until December 1810.
Norwegian service.
After his promotion to full captain on 17 March 1811, Holm took command of the brig and was the senior officer of the squadron of similar warships stationed in Norway. In this position he planned and executed patrols along the western coast, which brought him recognition from King Frederick VI.
On 1 May 1811 armed boats from Holm's squadron blunted and repelled a raid launched from three British ships on Egersund. The Danes were able to capture one of the raiding boats and her crew, which had come from .
On 3 August 1811 he was engaged in a long but inconclusive fight with the formerly Danish brig . (The British had seized "Brev Drageren" at the battle of Copenhagen in 1807.)
While in command of "Lolland", Holm captured off Arendal on 2 September 1811. For his success, Holm was appointed captain of the newly built frigate in 1812, but difficulties encountered on her maiden voyage and in training up the new crew and coordinating her movements with the brigs meant that she was not fully combat ready until 1 June 1812.
On 2 July 1812 Holm took "Najaden" to sea from Stavern where some repairs had been made, to sail to Kristiansand, but contrary winds forced him to seek shelter in Sandoya. With a British ship-of-the-line hunting for him, he took "Najaden" into Lyngør harbour which was considered totally safe from larger warships, but this reckoning proved false and the Battle of Lyngør ensued. The battle ended in a decisive victory of the British forces and "Najaden" was sunk.
Death.
Following the catastrophic loss of "Najaden", Holm assumed command of a squadron of gunboats based in Sandøyasund. Orders to take over the command of a French ship-of-the-line, "L'Albanais", were sent to him but never received as, on 26 October 1812, he was overcome in a storm in Langesundsfjord and drowned. A single iron column now stands to his memory in Langesund Churchyard, where he was buried with full military honours.


Jane Turner (FBI whistleblower)

Jane Turner entered the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as a Special Agent in October 1978. She was assigned to the Seattle Division and became the first female SWAT member and the first female Profile Coordinator. She was involved in the capture of Christopher Boyce (Flight of the Falcon), and in the Green River Killer investigation.
Turner was also assigned to the Organized Crime squad in New York City, and was involved as a Psychological Profiler in the Abortion Clinic Bombings and the Central Park Preppie Murder. Turner pursued a degree in Forensic Psychology, and left the New York Division to become the first female Senior Resident Agent (SRA) in the FBI, assigned to Minot, North Dakota. Turner, as an Advanced Police Instructor, taught local, state and federal law enforcement in Criminal Profiling and Crime Scene Assessment, the Profiling of Sexual Offenders, and Interviewing Child Victims.
In 1999, Turner brought to the attention of her management team serious misconduct concerning failures to investigate and prosecute crimes against children in Indian country and in the Minot, North Dakota community. Turner also reported on misconduct related to the potential criminal theft of property from the 9/11 Ground Zero crime scene in New York City by Minneapolis FBI personnel.
In January 2007 a Minneapolis jury awarded Turner $500,000 (capped by law at $360,000) for retaliation and backpay for the agency's actions following her filing of a sexual discrimination claim.
In January 2008, the U.S. Government was ordered to pay $1 million in legal fees to Turner's lawyers.
In January 2015, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) conducted a study on the United States Department of Justice response to FBI whistleblower retaliation and cited Turner's case in their report. On March 4th, 2015, the Senate held a hearing on about whistleblower retaliation at the FBI, in which Turner's case was featured.


Pope Stephen VI

Pope Stephen VI (; died August 897) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 22 May 896 to his death. He is best known for instigating the Cadaver Synod, which ultimately led to his downfall and death.
Family and career.
Stephen was born in Rome. His father was a priest named John. Stephen was made bishop of Anagni by Pope Formosus, possibly against his will.
Pontificate.
The circumstances of his election as pope are unclear, but he was sponsored by one of the powerful Roman families, the dukes of Spoleto, that contested the papacy at the time.
Stephen is chiefly remembered in connection with his conduct towards the remains of Pope Formosus. The rotting corpse of Formosus was exhumed and put on trial, before an unwilling synod of the Roman clergy, in the so-called Cadaver Synod in January 897. Pressure from the Spoleto contingent and Stephen's fury with Formosus probably precipitated this extraordinary event. With the corpse propped up on a throne, a deacon was appointed to answer for the deceased pontiff. During the trial, Formosus's corpse was condemned for performing the functions of a bishop when he had been deposed and for receiving the pontificate while he was the bishop of Porto, among other revived charges that had been levelled against him in the strife during the pontificate of John VIII. The corpse was found guilty, stripped of its sacred vestments, deprived of three fingers of its right hand (the blessing fingers), clad in the garb of a layman, and quickly buried; it was then re-exhumed and thrown in the Tiber. All ordinations performed by Formosus were annulled.
The trial excited a tumult. Though the instigators of the deed may actually have been Formosus' Spoletan enemies, notably Guy IV of Spoleto, who had recovered their authority in Rome at the beginning of 897 by renouncing their broader claims in central Italy, the scandal ended in Stephen's imprisonment and his death by strangling that summer.


Jimmy Kudo

, known in some major English adaptations as Jimmy Kudo, is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the manga series "Case Closed", created by Gosho Aoyama. A high school detective, he is forced to ingest the lethal poison after an encounter with Gin and Vodka, agents of the mysterious Black Organization, while they were having a secret deal in an amusement park. Due to a rare side effect, the poison did not kill him. Instead, it shrinks him into a child and he adopts the pseudonym to hide from those who poisoned him. He lives with his childhood friend Ran Mouri and her father Kogoro Mouri as he awaits the day he can take down the Black Organization and regain his original size.
Creation and conception.
The idea that Shinichi Kudo would be turned into a child stemmed from the idea of a Tortoiseshell cat Sherlock Holmes as a protagonist. Gosho Aoyama's idea was the cat would indicate the crucial evidence needed to solve the case; a performance the child-turned Shinich does to help those around with the investigation. Shinichi was inspired by the fictional private eye Shunsaku Kudo. Aoyama revealed that his editor was against the name Conan due to the protagonist from the anime series "Future Boy Conan" sharing the same name and had suggested to name him Doyle instead. The author stuck with the name Conan believing it would overtake the "Future Boy" series. According to Aoyama, Shinichi's catch phrase, , was thought of by the anime adaptation's script writer and drawn into chapter 96 of the manga at the same time. In the English anime localization, the catch phrase was translated as "One Truth Prevails".
Appearances.
In "Case Closed".
Shinichi appears at the beginning of the series as a gifted 16-year-old student at Teitan High School in Tokyo. He was already well known as a brilliant young detective who had closed many difficult cases that the professionals could not. He is also secretly in love with his childhood best friend Rachel Moore (Ran Mouri), but refuses to admit his feelings due to both stubbornness and shyness. Later while on a date with Ran to a theme park, Shinichi leaves Ran and follows two suspicious characters, Gin and Vodka, suspecting they are criminals. Gin ends up attacking Shinichi and forces him to drink an experimental poison APTX (Apotoxin) which is supposed to kill him, and then leaves him for dead. However, instead of killing Shinichi, a rare side-effect occurs, causing his age to regress, and he shrinks into the form of a young child. With advice from Dr. Hiroshi Agasa, Shinichi adopts the identity of Conan Edogawa, devised from the names of Arthur Conan Doyle and Edogawa Ranpo to prevent Gin, Vodka, and their syndicate, the Black Organization, from returning to kill him and those around him. For this reason, he chooses not to reveal his true identity to anyone else, to keep them safe.
Shinichi pretends to be a distant relative of Dr. Agasa's and is placed in the care of Ran and her father, Richard Moore (Kogoro Mouri), who owns a detective agency. Shinichi and Dr. Agasa feel that some clues regarding the Black Organization may possibly filter through the agency, allowing Shinichi to learn more about them to ultimately bring them down. As for Shinichi's disappearance, Conan has to constantly find creative ways to fool Ran into believing he is off solving a very difficult case and will return once the investigation is concluded. This becomes increasingly difficult as she begins to suspect who he really is.
As a child, Conan must attend Teitan Elementary, where he inadvertently forms a detective club called the Junior Detective League with friends he makes at the school. Conan is forced to adapt to his new daily life and becomes accustomed to attending elementary school while secretly helping Richard solve crimes with the use of his gadgets invented by Dr. Agasa. The most prominent of these are: his voice-changing bowtie, allowing him to impersonate anyone's voice; his customized glasses which allow him to track and listen through his covert listening devices; his super sneakers which multiply his kicking force; his wrist watch stun gun, which allows him to tranquilize Richard or a criminal; his Solar Powered skateboard as well as a soccer ball dispenser belt, super strong/elastic suspenders, among others.
Conan eventually meets Harley Hartwell (Heiji Hattori), a detective from Osaka who is seeking to challenge Shinichi in a deductive battle. After drinking baijiu while sick with a cold, Conan reverts to a teenager and rectifies a deduction made by Heiji. In their second encounter, Heiji is able to deduce Conan's identity as Shinichi Kudo and confronts him about it. The two later become good friends.
As the series progresses, Conan befriends biochemist Shiho Miyano, a former member of the Black Organization and inventor of the APTX-4869 drug. She and her sister had grown up within the organization, as their scientist parents had been members too, before their deaths. After her sister was killed by Gin, she took the poison to commit suicide. However, like Shinichi, her age regressed and she shrank back to a small child's size. She then escapes and adopts the pseudonym Anita Hailey (Ai Haibara). Dr. Agasa ends up taking her in, and she vows to help Conan take down the Black Organization. She later invents a prototype antidote to the APTX-4869 allowing Conan to temporarily become Shinichi again, which Conan uses on occasion to fool Ran when she suspects his true identity. During the events of "Holmes' Revelation", Shinichi, while in his original form, confesses his feelings to Ran in London. In "The Scarlet School Trip," Ran returns those feelings by giving Shinichi a kiss on the cheek.
Conan's investigation of the Black Organization leads him to discover the American FBI's existence in Japan, as they are also investigating the syndicate. The head of the syndicate, often referred to as 'that person' and 'boss' by syndicate members, who is at least one-hundred and thirty, is Renya Karasuma. However, the FBI and Conan are currently unaware of this. His collaboration with FBI agents Jodie Starling and Shuichi Akai allows them to capture organization member Kir. They discover she is really an undercover CIA agent and return her to the organization to continue to spy from within.
In other media.
Shinichi Kudo has appeared in all of the feature films of the series, both the original video animation series (Shōnen Sunday Original animations and the Magic Files), the two-hour cross-over television special "Lupin the 3rd vs Detective Conan", and is the protagonist in all "Case Closed"-related video games. He is the protagonist in the novels of the series. In the 2006–2007 live-action series, he is portrayed by Shun Oguri as a teenager and Nao Fujisaki in child form. In the 2011 live-action movie and TV drama series, Junpei Mizobata portrays the teenage Shinichi.
In 2006, the Japanese government used Conan in campaigns to help promote crime awareness among children. Targeting the same audience, Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs used Conan and his friends in two pamphlets: one to promote the ministry's mission, the other to introduce the 34th G8 summit held in the country in 2010. Conan and his friends were also featured in the sixth installment of the Anime, Heroes and Heroines commemorative stamp series issued by Japan Post in 2006.
Reception.
In the survey "friendship" developed by rankingjapan.com in which people had to choose what anime character they would like to have as a friend, Shinichi ranked third. In "Newtype" magazine Shinichi ranked fourth and ninth in the 2001 and 2010 polls for most popular male anime character, respectively. In the "Animage"s Anime Grand Prix awards from 1998, Shinichi was voted as the tenth most popular male anime character. Mania Entertainment rated Conan as the third greatest anime detective. Shinichi Kudo and Conan Edogawa were the second and third most popular characters in the series defined by a poll on ebooksjapan.jp. Jian DeLeon of "Complex" magazine named him eighteenth on a list of "The 25 Most Stylish Anime Characters." Additionally, in 2017 Charapedia poll, Kudo ranked as the 5th most ideal Prime Minister in anime series. Conan won the "clever" award in the "Animedias magazine "Animedia Character Awards 2019" for standout anime characters chosen by the readers. In Japanese, ' protagonist Izuru Kamukura was voiced by Takayama. Due to Kudo's popularity, the game staff a snowboarding minigame from as Kudo often surfs a turbo skateboard. In a Japanese poll from AnimeAnime, Kudo was voted as the best character voiced by Takayama.


Cetteus

Saint Cetteus (or "Ceteus", also known as "Peregrinus, Pelligrinus, Pellegrino") (d. June 13, 597) () is the patron saint of Pescara. He was a bishop of the 6th century, elected to the see of Amiternum in Sabina (today the city of San Vittorino) in 590, during the pontificate of Gregory the Great.
According to a largely legendary "Passio", during Cetteus’ episcopate, Amiternum was occupied by two Lombard captains, Alai and Umbolus. Cetteus, because he refused to support this occupation, fled to Rome. Pope Gregory convinced Cetteus to return, however, after receiving a promise from the Lombards that they would treat the city's inhabitants with humanity. However, a dispute broke out between Alai and Umbolus, and Alai sided with Count Verilianus of Orte, who occupied Amiternum at night. When the city's inhabitants woke up to this occupation, they wanted to kill Alai, but Cetteus intervened, and Alai was simply imprisoned but not killed. Umbolus, meanwhile, believed that Cetteus was an ally of Alai, and ordered the bishop's immediate execution.
He was executed by having a large stone tied around his neck, being thrown off a bridge and into the Aterno-Pescara. His body floated to Pescara, where it was discovered by fishermen. They buried the body, whose vestments they recognized as those of a bishop, but not knowing the bishop's name, they called him Peregrinus ("Peregrino"), meaning "traveler" or "pilgrim." The saint's name was eventually discovered, and the body was buried in the church in Pescara that was later dedicated to him, San Cetteo. This church is now Pescara Cathedral.
Although largely legendary, the "Passio" is probably correct in placing Cetteus' death at the time of the Lombard invasion.