Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior

The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior is a research institute of the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). It includes a number of centers, including the "Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics", which uses DNA sequencing, gene expression studies, bioinformatics, and the genetic manipulation of model organisms to understand brain and behavioral phenotypes.
History.
The UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital opened in 1961, consisting of The UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) and the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Hospital (NPH). It was in charge of the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Neurology, and Neurosurgery and Neuropathology services. In 1973, NPI resources were transferred to the University, the Institute became part of the Health Sciences, and the Department of Neurology became independent.
In 2004, the Institute was renamed the Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Stewart & Lynda Resnick Neuropsychiatric Hospital at UCLA was established.
Integrative Phenotyping Center for Neuropsychiatry.
The institute plans to use a $14.9 million stimulus grant to create "The Integrative Phenotyping Center for Neuropsychiatry", a new interdisciplinary research center focused on the role of genetic and environmental factors in neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders. This center is in the design phase and is expected to be under construction in 2011 and ready for occupancy in late 2012. It will employ around 180 employees and it will be housed in a space covering three renovated floors of the current Semel Institute tower. It will use a National Institutes of Health grant, funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, for research on autism, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The facility will enable large-scale studies, including studies of personality, cognition, and brain activity and structure. "This project is completed."


Joseph F. Fraumeni Jr.

Joseph F. Fraumeni Jr. (born April 1, 1933) is an American physician and cancer researcher. Born in Boston, he received an A.B. from Harvard College, an M.D. from Duke University, and an M.Sc. in epidemiology from the Harvard School of Public Health. He completed his medical residency at Johns Hopkins Hospital and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. He then joined the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health in 1962 as a commissioned officer of the U.S. Public Health Service, becoming the founding Director of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics in 1995. He stepped down from this position in 2012 to become a senior investigator and advisor to the National Cancer Institute.
One of Fraumeni's research accomplishments was the identification in 1969 with Frederick Pei Li of four families with an increased susceptibility to multiple forms of cancer in children and young adults. Tracing these families and 20 others for twenty years led to the characterization of what became known as Li–Fraumeni syndrome and the discovery in 1990 of inherited mutations of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, as the underlying mechanism in most affected families.
Awards.
Fraumeni has been recognized by numerous honors and awards for his research into the genetic and environmental determinants of cancer. Among them are the Abraham Lilienfeld Award from the American College of Epidemiology, John Snow Award from the American Public Health Association, James D. Bruce Award from the American College of Physicians, Nathan Davis Award from the American Medical Association, Charles S. Mott Prize (with F.P. Li) from the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation, Medal of Honor from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the American Cancer Society, and Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Association for Cancer Research. Fraumeni is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Medicine, Association of American Physicians, and American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has over 900 scientific publications, including several books on the causes and prevention of cancer.


Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)

Richard Stockton (October 1, 1730 – February 28, 1781) was an American lawyer, jurist, legislator, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence.
Early life.
Richard was a son of John Stockton (1701–1758) the wealthy Princeton landowner who donated land and helped bring what is now Princeton University (then known as the College of New Jersey located in Newark) to Princeton, New Jersey. Richard was born at the Stockton family home now known as Morven in the Stony Brook neighborhood of Princeton, New Jersey, attended Samuel Finley's academy at Nottingham, which later became West Nottingham Academy, and the College of New Jersey located in Newark, graduating in 1748. He studied law with David Ogden, of Newark, who was at that time the head of the legal profession in the province. Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754 and soon rose to great distinction. In 1763 he received the degree of sergeant at law, the highest degree of law at that time. He was a longtime friend of George Washington. His wife was poet Annis Boudinot Stockton, sister of New Jersey statesman Elias Boudinot. The Stocktons had six children. Their son Richard Stockton became an eminent lawyer and prominent Federalist leader. Elias Boudinot was married to Stockton's sister Hannah Stockton (1736–1808).
Stockton initially showed little interest in politics. He once wrote, "The public is generally unthankful, and I never will become a Servant of it, till I am convinced that by neglecting my own affairs I am doing more acceptable Service to God and Man." Stockton did, however, take an active role as a trustee of the College of New Jersey.
Political career.
Stockton served the college, afterwards known as Princeton University, as a trustee 26 years. In 1766 and 1767, he gave up his law practice for the purpose of visiting England, Scotland, and Ireland. His fame preceded him and he was received by the most eminent men of the kingdom. Stockton had the honor of personally presenting to King George III an address of the trustees of the College of New Jersey, acknowledging the repeal of the Stamp Act, and his address was favorably received by the king. He was consulted on the state of American affairs by such notable men as the Marquess of Rockingham with whom he spent a week at his country estate. He met with Edmund Burke, the Earl of Chatham, and many other distinguished members of Parliament who were friendly to the American colonies.
In Scotland, his personal efforts resulted in the acceptance of the presidency of the college by the Reverend John Witherspoon. Witherspoon's wife had opposed her husband's taking the position but her objections were overcome with the aid of his future son-in-law Benjamin Rush, who was a medical student in Edinburgh. This was an exceedingly important event in the history of higher education in America. One night in Edinburgh, Stockton was attacked by a robber and he defended himself skillfully with a small sword; the surprised and wounded robber fled. Stockton returned to America in August 1767. In 1768, Stockton had his first taste of government service when he was elevated to a seat in the New Jersey Provincial Council; he was later (1774) appointed to the provincial New Jersey Supreme Court. During the start of his career in 1768 he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.
He first took a moderate stance in the troubles between the American colonies and Great Britain. In 1774 he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing the Crown." This Commonwealth approach was not acceptable to the King; had it been, the British could have avoided the war that gained the American colonies their independence. When Parliament resolved to raise revenue in the colonies in 1775, Stockton declared the colonies "must each of them send one or two of their most ingenious fellows, and enable them to get into the House of Commons, maintain them there till they can maintain themselves, or else we shall be fleeced to some purpose."
Revolutionary War.
In 1776, Stockton was elected to the Second Continental Congress, where he took a very active role. That August, when elections were held for the state governments of the new nation, Stockton and William Livingston each received the same number of votes to be the Governor of New Jersey on the first ballot. Although Livingston later won the election by one vote, Stockton was unanimously elected to serve as the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, but he turned down that position to remain in the Congress. Stockton was the first person from New Jersey to sign the Declaration of Independence.
Stockton was sent by Congress, along with fellow signer George Clymer, on an exhausting two-month journey to Fort Ticonderoga, Saratoga and Albany, New York to assist the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. On his return to Princeton, he traveled 30 miles east to the home of a friend, John Covenhoven, to evacuate his family to safety. While there, on November 30, 1776, he and Covenhoven were captured in the middle of the night, dragged from their beds by loyalists, stripped of their property and marched to Perth Amboy and turned over to the British. The day Stockton was captured, General William Howe had written a Proclamation offering protection papers and a full and free pardon to those willing to remain in peaceable obedience to the King. As many took the pardon, Stockton eventually did, but first , was marched to Perth Amboy where he was put in irons, and treated as a common criminal.
He was then moved to Provost Prison in New York, where he was intentionally starved and subjected to freezing cold weather. After nearly five weeks of brutal treatment, Stockton was released on parole, his health ruined. His estate, Morven, in Princeton was occupied by General Charles Cornwallis during Stockton's imprisonment. American historian William Stryker had written that "Morven[,] the home of the Hon. Richard Stockton, was denuded of its library and furniture." Stockton's treatment in the New York prisons prompted the Continental Congress to pass a resolution directing Gen. Washington to inquire into the circumstances and not long afterward, Stockton was paroled on January 13, 1777. The U.S. National Archives contains other messages showing that Washington duly contacted General Howe in New York regarding the exchange or release of Stockton and others.
Dr. Benjamin Rush wrote, "At Princeton I met my wife's father who had been plundered of all his household furniture and stock by the British army, and carried a prisoner to New York, from whence he was permitted to return to his family upon parole." Howe's document that Stockton signed, giving his word of honor not to meddle in the American affairs during the war, was the parole Dr. Rush said Stockton was given when he was released from prison in New York. On March 25, 1777, General Howe and his brother Lord Howe wrote to Lord George Germain, Secretary of State for the Colonies, "My Lord, We have the honor to enclose to your Lordship a state of the Declarations subscribed in consequence of our Proclamation of the 30th of November. 'Although none of the Leaders, nor principal Instigators and Abettors of the Rebellion, thought fit to avail themselves of the opportunity given them to return to their Duty', we have some satisfaction in observing that so considerable a number of His Majesty's deluded Subjects, of inferior Rank, in those Provinces where the Proclamation could be expect to have Effect, were disposed to relinquish the unjust Cause they had been once induced to support." 4,836 declarations were subscribed but Stockton, as a Signer of the Declaration of Independence and a leading rebel, never did, according to General Howe.
In 1777, all members of Congress and Washington's Continental Army were required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. Richard Stockton as a prisoner of war, and taken behind enemy lines was also required to take the oath. He was called before the Board, took the oath and was dismissed. Stockton did not turn in any protection papers as was required if one signed Howe's Proclamation and were given a pardon.
Later days and legacy.
Because of the parole document Stockton signed with General Howe to gain his freedom, and giving his word of honor not to meddle in the war (required to be given a parole), Stockton resigned from Congress. It took nearly two years to regain his health, according to Dr. Rush. In Princeton a rumor started by Mr. Cochran, a Tory, claiming Stockton had taken General Howe's protection, caused Stockton to be spoken against for a short time, but "Mr. Cochran's known quarrel with him makes it very doubtful to candid persons," Rev. John Witherspoon wrote in a letter to his son David.
"Common report, moreover, may be attributed to Judge Stockton some of the exploits of a distant cousin, Major Richard Stockton an obnoxious Tory, who did take Howe's protection and went over to the British until he was captured in Feb. 1777." The Major Richard Stockton referenced was, in fact, the first cousin of Richard “the Signer” Stockton, Major Richard Witham Stockton of Princeton, New Jersey, a commissioned officer in the British Army. Major Richard Witham Stockton remained loyal to the crown, and at the conclusion of hostilities, emigrated, along with members of his family and other United Empire Loyalist, to what would become New Brunswick, Canada.
Nothing was ever written about doubts of Stockton's loyalty in any of the papers of members of Congress, or in any newspapers or books of the time. When his health permitted, Stockton attempted to earn a living by reopening his law practice and teaching new students. Two years after his parole from prison, he developed cancer of the lip that spread to his throat. He was never free of pain until he died on February 28, 1781, at Morven. His remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall, where a large audience of citizens, friends, and students of the college were in attendance. The eulogy was delivered by Rev. Doctor Samuel Smith, vice president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and son-in-law of Rev. John Witherspoon. Smith said, "The remains of a man who hath been long among the foremost of his country, for power, for wisdom, and for fortune; and who, if what honors this young country can bestow, if many and great personal talents, could save man from the grave, would not thus have been lamented here by you. Behold here 'the end of all perfection.' The office of a judge of the province, was never filled with more integrity and learning than it was by him, for several years before the revolution. Since that period, he hath represented New-Jersey in the congress of the United States. But a declining health, and a constitution worn out with application and with service, obliged him, shortly after, to retire from the line of public duty, and hath at length dismissed him from the world."
On March 7, 1781, "The New Jersey Gazette" acknowledged Stockton's worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known." For two generations his family had been Quakers, and it was his wish to be buried at the Stony Brook Meeting House Cemetery in Princeton. Stockton and his wife, Annis, were close friends of General George Washington. After Stockton's death, Annis, one of America's first published female poets, became a favorite correspondent of General Washington. Washington and his wife, Martha, were frequent visitors to Morven.
In 1888, the state of New Jersey donated a marble statue of Stockton to the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol. He is one of only six signers to be so honored. In 1969, the New Jersey Legislature passed legislation establishing a state college which was named after Stockton, to honor the memory of New Jersey's signer of the Declaration of Independence. Previously known as "Stockton State College", "Richard Stockton State College", and "Richard Stockton College of New Jersey", it is now known as "Stockton University". A rest area on the southbound New Jersey Turnpike, south of Interstate 195, is named after Stockton.
Family.
Stockton and his wife had six children, four daughters and two sons: Julia Stockton (married to Benjamin Rush, also a signer of the Declaration), Mary, Susan, Richard, Lucius and Abigail. Stockton's oldest son Richard was a lawyer and later a Senator from New Jersey. His son, Commodore Robert Field Stockton, was a hero of the War of 1812, and in 1846 became the Military Governor of California and later a Senator from New Jersey.


Patient choice

Patient choice is a concept introduced into the NHS in England. Most patients are supposed to be able to choose the clinician whom they want to provide them with healthcare and that money to pay for the service should follow their choice. Before the advent of the internal market, in principle, a GP could refer a patient to any specialist in the UK. When contracts were introduced in 1990 these were called extracontractual referrals. From 1999 the concept of Out of Area Treatments was developed. These referrals were not necessarily related to choice made by a patient. Specialised treatments were not, and are not, available in every area.
The regulations provide that a patient can choose to be seen by any NHS trust, public body, commercial organisation or third sector body, provided it holds a “commissioning contract” either with NHS England or a Clinical Commissioning Group when they are referred by their GP, community dentist or optometrist for treatment that is not identified as being immediately required. The Government’s mandate to NHS England for 2016-17 issued by Jeremy Hunt specifies “We want people to be empowered to shape and manage their own health and care and make meaningful choices, particularly for maternity services, people with long term conditions and end-of-life care”.
Exceptions to policy.
Around 80% patients referred by their GP to a first outpatient hospital appointment were eligible to choose the hospital. There are however some exceptions to hospital choice policy. These exceptions include those where speed of access is important such as suspected cancer 2 week wait referrals and urgent referrals such as suspected stroke and heart attack. Referrals to mental health and maternity services were excluded from the policy until April 2014. Patients who are detained, and serving members of the armed forces are not entitled to exercise choice.
NHS Constitution.
The NHS Constitution includes a right to choice. It states: You have the right to make choices about your NHS care and to information to support these choices. The options available to you will develop over time and depend on your individual needs. It also repeats the requirements specified in the GP contract: "You have the right to choose your GP practice, and to be accepted by that practice unless there are reasonable grounds to refuse, in which case you will be informed of those reasons. You have the right to express a preference for using a particular doctor within your GP practice, and for the practice to try to comply."
CCG and NHS England are required by the regulations to “make arrangements” to give effect to the right of patients to exercise their patient choice. It is for the clinician making the referral to decide whether it is clinically appropriate. The right to choice only extends to a first appointment. It does not imply that any chosen treatment must be paid for. That would depend on the terms of the provider's contract.
Spire Healthcare complained to Monitor (NHS) in 2013 that the Clinical Commissioning Groups in Blackpool, and in Fylde and Wyre were not doing enough to encourage patient choice, but their complaint was dismissed in September 2014.
Comparing hospitals.
It is intended that patients can choose the hospital they are seen in by comparing clinical quality, waiting times, location and other patients' opinions. In order to enable patients to compare and choose hospitals the national NHS website established a hospital comparison tool. The information that users can access to compare hospital performance can include:
Using the hospital comparison tool is supposed to be quite simple. Users enter their postcode and the condition that they are being referred for.
Booking appointments.
IN 2005 an electronic booking service known as Choose and Book was introduced across the NHS in England. This service enabled GPs and patients to shortlist a list of clinically appropriate hospitals for the patient to choose from, and lets the patient make appointments with hospitals either online or over the phone. Choose and Book was based around Directory of Services which includes the majority of NHS hospital services for GPs to shortlist for their patients to choose from. GPs were given financial incentives to use the system
Choose and Book was replaced by the NHS e-Referral Service in June 2015.
Maternity services.
The 1993 report, Changing Childbirth, called choice, control, and continuity of carer for the mother as the most important tenets of maternity care, but its recommendations were not delivered.
Baroness Cumberlege conducted a review of maternity services for NHS England in 2015. Better Births, the report of the national maternity review recommended that all women should have the choice to give birth where they want, with the support of the same midwife throughout pregnancy, labour and the early weeks of motherhood, with control over a personal maternity care budget of £3,000 to be spent on the NHS care they choose. This would be driven by a personal care plan, updated during pregnancy. Every woman should have an electronic patient record which they can access and add to.
Performance.
The proportion of patients who reported that they were offered a choice of provider rose steadily until 2010 when 32% of those responding to the inpatient survey reported that they had been offered a choice. By 2013 the proportion had fallen to 27%.
See also.
Patient participation


Tonga Red Cross Society

Tonga Red Cross Society (TRCS) was established in 1961 and it has its headquarters in Nukualofa.


American Society of Phlebotomy Technicians

American Society of Phlebotomy Technicians (ASPT) is the second oldest certifying agency for Phlebotomy. The ASPT was founded in 1983.


Hermann Boehm (eugenicist)

Hermann Alois Boehm (27 October 1884 – 7 June 1962) was a German eugenicist, doctor, professor of "racial hygiene" and during the Nazi era. Boehm became a member of the NSDAP on 24 March 1925, with member number 126.
Biography.
Boehm began early to expand his research into racial hygiene. He was regarded within the NSDAP as a person with a considerable level of knowledge in this field, so that he was entrusted with the relevant posts. From 1931, he served as racial hygiene adviser of the National Socialist German Doctors' League and from June 1933 to July 1934 as scientific director for heredity and race hygiene at the Reich Committee on Public Health.
On 19 November 1934, he was appointed extraordinary Honorary Professor of Racial Care at the University of Leipzig. The main focus of his scientific publishing activities until 1934 was mainly on racial hygiene issues; he later advanced into the first rank of race hygienists. In March 1937, Boehm was appointed as a training manager by the Reich physician Gerhard Wagner of the "Führerschule" (Leader School) in Alt Rehse. The focus of Boehm's work was the teaching of knowledge in heritage and race care. At the same time, Boehm was given the opportunity to set up his own genetic engineering research institute.
This institute was primarily intended to introduce the course participants of the "Führerschule" to the basics of genetics. In addition to his actual work at the "Fuhrschule", Boehm was one of the few independent experts to compile hereditary biological assessments. Boehm was an ordinary professor of racial improvement at Giessen from 1 January 1943, until the end of World War II.
The training at the "Fuehrerschule" laid the spiritual foundation, provided the necessary racial hygiene equipment, which ultimately allowed the doctor to end even the "life unworthy of life" by lethal injection, food deprivation or gas.


Avshalom Caspi

Avshalom Caspi (born May 5, 1960) is an Israeli-American psychologist and the Edward M. Arnett Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience in the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences at Duke University, as well as Professor of Personality Development at King's College London's Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience. He is known for his research on mental health and human development, much of which he has conducted with his wife and longtime research partner, Terrie Moffitt. The two first met when they presented adjacent posters at a 1987 conference in St. Louis, Missouri entitled "Deviant Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood". Among Caspi's notable discoveries was that of an association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and clinical depression. This discovery, originally reported in a 2003 study, spurred a wave of subsequent research on the potential genetic roots of various psychiatric conditions. However, a 2017 meta-analysis did not support the original finding, and the general approach of candidate gene, or candidate gene by environment interaction research in single small studies is no longer widely accepted.
He and Moffitt have also collaborated on the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study since the 1980s.
Honors and awards.
Caspi is a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science and the British Academy. He and Moffitt were co-recipients of the 2010 Klaus J. Jacobs Research Prize and Best Practice Award from the Jacobs Foundation, as well as the 2016 APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Psychology. In 2013 Caspi was awarded an honorary doctorate from Tilburg University in The Netherlands.


Oskar Fehr

Oskar Fehr (9 October 1871, in Braunschweig – 1 August 1959, in London) was a German ophthalmologist. Among his medical specialties were swimming pool conjunctivitis, tumours of the eye, and retinal detachment. He was an internationally renowned eye surgeon.
Life.
Fehr was born in Braunschweig to a Jewish family. He studied in Heidelberg, Berlin, and Kiel, receiving his doctorate at Heidelberg in 1897.
From 1897 to 1906, he was assistant physician at the eye clinic of Julius Hirschberg (1843–1925) in Berlin. From 1907, he was head physician at the department of eye diseases at the Rudolf Virchow Hospital. He received the title of professor in 1919. Besides his work in the hospital, he had a large private practice in the western part of Berlin, close to the Tiergarten.
In 1934, Fehr was forbidden to enter the clinic where he had worked for more than 25 years. He continued his private practice and operated in different nursing homes. When Jewish doctors were prohibited to treat gentiles in 1938, he was one of the few who were allowed to remain in practice as “Judenbehandler” (“Jew treater”). Fehr decided to emigrate with his family to the United Kingdom in 1939, and was assisted in this by Frank Foley. He attended the University of Edinburgh to prepare for the exams required for practice in the UK. After passing his exams in 1942/43, he began private practice in London in July 1943, continuing until 1955 when his second heart attack forced him to retire. He became a British citizen in 1947. He died in London on 1 August 1959.


School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University

The School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University () is a medical school in Mueang Chiang Rai District, Chiang Rai Province.
History.
The School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang was established on 18 January 2012 following approval of the council of Mae Fah Luang University. The MD course was approved by the Medical Council of Thailand on 7 February 2013 and admitted 32 medical students in the 2013 academic year. Students study at the main Mae Fah Luang University campus during the preclinical years (Year 1-3) before separating to affiliated teaching hospitals in the clinical years (Year 4-6). The Mae Fah Luang University Medical Center Hospital which will become the main teaching hospital is scheduled to open in October 2018.
References.
Article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Thai Wikipedia.


Osvaldo Peredo (musician)

Osvaldo J. Peredo (born 1930) is an Argentine singer. He is dedicated to the tango and is a follower of Carlos Gardel. He is credited with the renaissance of the tango in Argentina.
Peredo was born in 1930 in Boedo, a traditional neighborhood in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Beginning when he was 17, he played soccer at Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro. Peredo first had a job working in a jewelry factory and then working for the National Meteorological Service. He was good enough at soccer to be selected to play for Barranquilla Fútbol Club in Colombia. There he fell in love with the music of Carlos Gardel and began his musical career. He sang throughout Colombia and Venezuela before returning to Argentina. It was at El Boliche de Roberto where Peredo developed his full power.


Turntable Health

Turntable Health was a direct primary care clinic in Downtown Las Vegas, Nevada. It began as part of Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh’s $350 million economic revitalization project in Downtown Las Vegas. The clinic was founded by Zubin Damania, known by his YouTube screen name as ZDoggMD, who Hsieh recruited from the Bay Area in 2012. The clinic was made in partnership with and in substantial part modeled on Iora Health, an innovative primary care chain led by Rushika Fernandopulle.
The clinic used a population health and disease prevention approach to improve patient health and lower costs over the long term. The clinic did not use the fee-for-service model and instead charged per patient per month capitation to sponsors, or $80 monthly membership fees to members. Because they were not paid on a piecemeal basis for individual services provided, physicians were able to spend 45 minutes or more in patient consultation (vs. 13-16 minutes in a more typical primary care setting). Individuals could gain access to Turntable as a benefit offered by an employer, through insurance, and directly as a subscription. Members were granted same-day visits with providers, 24/7 access to their doctor (by email, phone, or video), and a personal health coach. Using a similar model, Iora had experienced 35-40% lower hospitalization rates and 12-15% lower total healthcare costs than their community peers.
Turntable Health had been featured on TheNextWeb as one of "eight startups changing the healthcare industry," and there were plans to expand and build new locations as the clinic approached a capacity of 5,000 patients. However, Insurers were reluctant to adopt the clinic's capitation model, and were also unwilling to front near-term expenditures in hopes of reaping cost reductions that were anticipated over the 5-10 year timeframe, during which time insured patients could switch insurers, taking the long-term health and cost dividends to a competitor. Turntable Health shut down on January 31, 2017.


Juan Nepomuceno Rencoret

Juan Nepomuceno Rencoret (1856-?) was a Chilean doctor.
He was born in Nancagua, a village in the department of San Fernando, Colchagua Province, Chile, in late 1856. He made his first studies of humanities at the Liceo de San Fernando and ended at the Instituto Nacional and the University of Chile. He studied medical sciences and surgery at the former School of Medicine. Having been orphaned during his time as a student, he took time off to work, devoting himself to teaching in various schools in Santiago. He finally obtained his diploma of medicine and surgery in 1878. Established in Quillota in 1880, he worked as a doctor of vaccines there, and in 1885 was elected alderman ("regidor") of the Municipality. In 1886, he was elected the city's second vice mayor. At the end of the War of the Pacific, in 1881, he gave free care to wounded soldiers returning from the battles of Chorrillos and Miraflores.


Ronald Duman

Ronald Stanton Duman (February 6, 1954 – February 1, 2020) was a Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology Director, Division of Molecular Psychiatry and Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities at Yale University.
Education.
Duman graduated from the College of William & Mary (where he played varsity football as a middle linebacker) in 1976. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) in 1985.
Career.
Ron Duman's research centered around the biological mechanisms behind antidepressants. In his landmark 1995 paper, he discovered that antidepressants increase the gene expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, or (BDNF) in the hippocampus. In a later paper he discovered that the downstream effect of BDNF is to increase neurogenesis or the formation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
The results of this work led him to formulate the hypothesis that depression is caused by a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis caused by elevated cortisol levels.
Death.
Ronald Duman died on February 1, 2020 at the age of 65 while hiking in Guilford, Connecticut.


Host tropism

Host tropism is the infection specificity of certain pathogens to particular hosts and host tissues. This type of tropism explains why most pathogens are only capable of infecting a limited range of host organisms.
Researchers can classify pathogenic organisms by the range of species and cell types that they exhibit host tropism for. For instance, pathogens that are able to infect a wide range of hosts and tissues are said to be amphotropic. Ecotropic pathogens, on the other hand, are only capable of infecting a narrow range of hosts and host tissue. Knowledge of a pathogen's host specificity allows professionals in the research and medical industries to model pathogenesis and develop vaccines, medication, and preventive measures to fight against infection. Methods such as cell engineering, direct engineering and assisted evolution of host-adapted pathogens, and genome-wide genetic screens are currently being used by researchers to better understand the host range of a variety of different pathogenic organisms.
How Host Tropism Works.
A pathogen displays tropism for a specific host if it can interact with the host cells in a way that supports pathogenic growth and infection. Various factors affect the ability of a pathogen to infect a particular cell, including: the structure of the cell's surface receptors; the availability of transcription factors that can identify pathogenic DNA or RNA; the ability of the cells and tissue to support viral or bacterial replication; and the presence of physical or chemical barriers within the cells and throughout the surrounding tissue.
Cell Surface Receptors.
Pathogens frequently enter or adhere to host cells or tissues before causing infection. For this connection to occur, the pathogen must recognize the cell's surface and then bind to it. Viruses, for example, must often bind to specific cell surface receptors to enter a cell. Many viral membranes contain virion surface proteins that are specific to particular host cell surface receptors. If a host cell expresses the complementary surface receptor for the virus, then the virus can attach and enter the cell. If a cell does not express these receptors, then the virus cannot normally infect it. Therefore, if the virus cannot bind to the cell, it does not display tropism for that host.
Bacteria infect hosts differently than viruses do. Unlike viruses, bacteria can replicate and divide on their own without entry into a host cell. Still, to grow and divide, bacteria require certain nutrients from their environment. These nutrients can often be provided by host tissues, and that is why some bacteria need a host for survival. Once a bacterium recognizes the host cell receptors or nutrient-rich surroundings, it colonizes the cell surface. Bacteria have various mechanisms for colonizing host tissues. For example, biofilm production allows bacteria to adhere to the host tissue surface, and it provides a protective environment ideal for bacterial growth. Some bacteria, such as spirochetes, are capable of proliferating the host cell or tissues. This then allows the bacterium to surrounded itself in a nutrient-rich environment that protects it from immune responses and other stressors.
Transcription Factors, Nutrients, and Pathogenic Replication.
For viruses to replicate within a host cell and for bacteria to carry out the metabolic processes needed to grow and divide, they must first take in necessary nutrients and transcription factors from their surroundings. Even if a virus is able to bind to a host cell and transfer its genetic material through the cell membrane, the cell may not contain the necessary polymerases and enzymes necessary for viral replication to occur and for pathogenesis to continue.
Many pathogens also contain important virulence factors within their genomes. In particular, pathogenic bacteria are capable of translating virulence genes located within their plasmids into different virulence factors in order to aid the bacterium in pathogenesis. Many different types of virulence factors exist within pathogens, including: adherence factors, invasion factors, capsules, siderophores, endotoxins, and exotoxins. All of these virulence factors either aid directly in host colonization or in host cell and tissue damage.
Host Cell Defense Mechanisms.
Host organisms are equipped with a variety of different defense mechanisms used to protect the host from pathogenic infection. Humans in particular possess multiple lines of defense that affect pathogenesis from beginning to end. For a virus or bacterium to display tropism for a specific host, it must first have the means to break through the host organism's line of defense. The first line of defense, known as the innate immune system, is meant to prevent initial pathogenic entry and establishment. The innate immune system is only broadly specific to pathogens and includes: anatomical barriers, inflammation, phagocytosis, and nonspecific inhibitors.
An anatomical barrier is any physical or chemical barrier that helps prevent entry of microorganisms into body. This includes the skin, sweat, mucus layer, saliva, tears, endothelial lining, and natural human microbiota. The epidermis of the skin provides a physical barrier against pathogens, but it can easily be compromised by insect bites, animal bites, scratches or other minor skin trauma. Sweat, saliva, and tears are all chemical barriers that contain enzymes, such as lysozymes, that can kill bacteria and viruses. The mucus layer lines the nasopharynx and serves as a physical barrier that encases foreign pathogens and carries them back out of the body through snot and phlegm. A human's microbiota, the other microorganisms living within and on the body, compete with pathogenic organisms and play a large role in pathogenic control. Lastly, a semi-permeable membrane known as the blood-brain-barrier is a lining of endothelial cells separating the blood from the tissues and organs. Without this lining, viruses and bacteria could easily infect vital human organs such as the brain, lungs, and placenta.
Inflammation is one of the first immune responses to pathogenic infection that many host organisms possess. Inflammation involves an elevated temperature surrounding the site of infection, accumulation of CO2 and organic acids, and a decrease in the infected tissue's oxygen tension in response to pathogen-induced cell damage. Coagulation of blood (clotting) also occurs in an inflamed area, providing a physical barrier against pathogenic infection. These changes ultimately create unfavorable living conditions for the pathogen (i.e. pH changes, decrease in ATP, and changes in cellular metabolism) and prevent further replication and growth.
Once a bacterium or virus overcomes the body's innate immune system, the host organism's acquired immune system takes over. This immune response is highly specific to pathogens and provides the host with long-lasting immunity against future infection by that specific pathogen. When lymphocytes recognize antigens on a pathogen's surface, they secrete antibodies that bind to the pathogen and alert macrophages and natural killer cells. These cells target the pathogen itself, killing it or rendering it inactive. This process further produces memory B cell and memory T cells that allow long-lasting immunity to occur.
In conclusion, if a pathogen is capable of overcoming various host defenses, recognizing a host cell for infection, and successfully replicating within a host tissue, then the pathogen is likely to possess tropism for that specific host.
Viral Tropism.
Viral host tropism is determined by a combination of susceptibility and permissiveness: a host cell must be both permissive (allow viral replication) and susceptible (possess the receptor complement needed for viral entry) for a virus to establish infection. Once a virus binds to a host cell, the host cell must then provide the necessary transcription factors needed for viral replication to occur. When the virus is able to use the cell to replicate its genetic information, the virus can spread infection throughout the body.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
The human immunodeficiency virus exhibits host tropism for CD4 related immune cells (e.g. T helper cells, macrophages or dendritic cells). These cells express a CD4 receptor, to which HIV can bind, through the gp120 and gp41 proteins on its surface. HIV also requires a second co-receptor along with the CD4-gp120 complex to enter the target cells - either CCR5 or CXCR4. This demonstrates an example of how cell surface receptors can affect the tropism of a viral pathogen. Since humans are the only organisms that have cells with these receptors, HIV only displays host tropism for humans. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a virus similar to HIV, is capable of infecting primates.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV).
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is one of eight known herpesviruses. It displays host tropism for human B cells through the CD21-gp350/220 complex and is thought to be the cause of infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and lymphomas. EBV enters the body through oral transfer of saliva, and it is thought to infect more than 90% of the world's adult population. EBV may also infect epithelial cells, T cells, and natural killer cells through mechanisms different than the CD21 receptor-mediated process in B cells.
Zika Virus (ZIKV).
The Zika virus is a mosquito-borne arbovirus in the genus "Flavivirus" that exhibits tropism for the human maternal decidua, the fetal placenta, and the umbilical cord. On the cellular level, the Zika virus targets decidual macrophages, decidual fibroblasts, trophoblasts, Hofbauer cells, and mesenchymal stem cells due to their increased capacity to support virion replication. In adults, infection by the Zika virus may lead to Zika fever; and if the infection occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy, neurological complications such as microcephaly may occur.
Bacterial Tropism.
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis".
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis" is a human-tropic bacterium that causes tuberculosis - the second most common cause of death due to an infectious agent. The cell envelope glycoconjugates surrounding "M. tuberculosis" allow the bacteria to infect human lung tissue while providing an intrinsic resistance to pharmaceuticals. M. tuberculosis enters the lung alveoler passages through aerosol droplets, and it then becomes phagocytosed by macrophages. However, since the macrophages are unable to completely kill "M. tuberculosis", granulomas are formed within the lungs, providing an ideal environment for continued bacterial colonization.
"Staphylococcus aureus".
More than an estimated 30% of the world population is colonized by "Staphylococcus aureus", a microorganism capable of causing skin infections, nosocomial infections, and food poisoning due to its tropism for human skin and soft tissue. The "S. aureus" clonal complex CC121 is known to exhibit multi-host tropism for both humans and rabbits. This is thought to be due to a single nucleotide mutation that evolved the CC121 complex into ST121 clonal complex, the clone capable of infecting rabbits.
"Escherichia coli".
Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic "Escherichia coli" (EPEC and EHEC respectively) exhibit tropism for human gut epithelial cells, leading to food poisoning and digestive problems. Type III secretion is the main mode of pathogenesis for these two pathogenic forms of "E. coli", which involves the adherence of intimin to translocated intimin cell surface receptors presented on the surface of epithelial cells in the gut. Along with the Type III secretion system, temperature may also effect the secretion of intimin, which increases "E. coli" infectivity and tropism for human gut cells.


Chris Ham

Sir Chris Ham (born 15 May 1951), is a health policy academic who started life as a political scientist. He was chief executive of the King's Fund from 2010 to 2018. He was professor of health policy and management at University of Birmingham's health services management centre from 1992 to 2010. He was seconded to the Department of Health where he was Director of the Strategy Unit working with Alan Milburn and John Reid until 2004.
He was said to be "unrivalled in his ability to distil and synthesise complex policy developments and present them in a clear and digestible manner for non-specialists" in 1999. He is frequently called upon to chair large conferences on health policy in England.
He was said by the "Health Service Journal" to be the 38th most powerful person in the English NHS in December 2013.
In the June 2018 Birthday Honours he was appointed a CBE for his services.
He was appointed as independent chair of the Coventry and Warwickshire sustainability and transformation partnership in January 2019.


Ernest Beutler

Ernest Beutler (September 30, 1928 – October 5, 2008) was a German-born American hematologist and biomedical scientist. He made important discoveries about the causes of a number of diseases, including anemias, Gaucher disease, disorders of iron metabolism and Tay–Sachs disease. He was also among the first scientists to identify X-inactivation as the genetic basis of tissue mosaicism in female mammals, and pioneered a number of medical treatments, including bone marrow transplantation techniques. Beutler served as a Professor, then Chairman, of the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California from 1979 until 2008.
Early life and education.
Born in Berlin, to a Jewish family, his family home was located on Reichskanzlerplatz, renamed “Adolf Hitler Platz” after Hitler's ascent to power, and then Theodor Heuss Platz after the Second World War. Both of his parents (Alfred and Kaethe, née Italiener) were physicians. His mother, a pediatrician, was in pre-war times the physician to Harald Quandt, son of Magda Quandt née Rietschel, later Magda Goebbels, wife of the German propaganda minister. The second of three children, Beutler was preceded by an older brother, Frederick (b. October 3, 1926, later a professor of mathematics at the University of Michigan), and followed by a younger sister, Ruth (b. November 23, 1932, later a clinical psychologist; d. July 14, 1993). In 1935, when Beutler was seven years of age, the family emigrated to the United States to escape Nazi persecution. Beutler was raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
At 15, Beutler enrolled in a special program at the University of Chicago, founded by Robert Hutchins, then President of the University. He completed his undergraduate, medical school and residency training at the University of Chicago, receiving his doctorate in medicine in 1950 at the age of 21. He was the valedictorian of his graduating class.
Academic career and scientific contributions.
Beutler pursued a remarkably eclectic research career, and made fundamental contributions in many different areas of science over 56 years of active publication. His first scientific paper was published in 1952, and concerned the effect of X-irradiation on susceptibility to influenza virus in mice. This was an attempt to determine whether irradiated mice might offer a better experimental model in which to detect human viral infections. Not long afterward, he published a paper on the lag phase of "E. coli", which is also influenced by X-irradiation. This work, carried out during his residency in the laboratory of Leon O. Jacobson, was aimed at the development of an assay for a humoral radioprotective factor, and reflected a chance observation. Beutler also developed an early interest in iron metabolism, prompted by his clinical observation of the rapid symptomatic improvement of iron deficient patients treated with iron: an improvement that preceded any major hematologic change, and showed that numerous enzymes were sensitive to iron deficiency.
After completing his residency (1953), Beutler applied for a commission as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army, and was assigned to the Army Malaria Research Program. During this period, he worked at Joliet Prison in Illinois (1953–1954), investigating anemia produced by antimalarial drugs. In the course of his work, he identified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency as a genetic defect that leads to the lysis of red blood cells under conditions of oxidative stress. This work hinged on his demonstration that red blood cell glutathione was unstable to oxidative stress. Later, he was to develop an assay for glutathione that was widely used in studies of red cell oxidative metabolism.
He was later transferred to Camp Detrick in Frederick, Maryland (1954–1955), where he studied Q fever. He was honorably discharged from the Army with the rank of captain.
Beutler then joined the faculty of the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago, where he studied iron metabolism and red blood cell metabolism. In 1959, he became chairman of the Department of Medicine of the City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, California, and in 1979 assumed the chairmanship of the Department of Clinical Research at the Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation. Three years later, he was asked to become Chairman of a merged department (the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine) at Scripps, which later became The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, CA. He maintained his position as Chairman until his 80th birthday, only a few days before his death.
Not long after moving to California, Beutler made one of his most important contributions. A new colleague at the City of Hope and ultimately a lifelong friend, Susumu Ohno had recently demonstrated that the histologically observable Barr body present in the nuclei of mammalian female cells was a hyperchromatic X chromosome. Beutler immediately recognized that this might account for the variable expression of X-linked genes in females heterozygous for X-linked mutations. He soon determined that random X chromosome inactivation causes tissue mosaicism in female mammals, in that each somatic cell expresses one (but not both) of the alleles of X-linked genes with which it is endowed. This he accomplished by showing that two populations of erythrocytes exist in the blood of African American women who are heterozygous for G6PD deficiency. Mary F. Lyon independently hypothesized that variegated coat colors in mice might arise from random X chromosome inactivation. This, too, flowed from Ohno's observations.
Beutler's seminal work on G6PD deficiency led him to further explore hemolytic anemias caused by various enzyme deficiencies. The systematic methodology that he developed became the standard approach to study of patients with these disorders.
Beutler made major contributions to the understanding of Tay–Sachs disease. He purified the enzyme that is aberrant in this disease and demonstrated its multimeric structure. His group cloned the gene responsible for Gaucher disease and developed treatments for this disease, as well as diagnostic tests. Beutler also developed a screening test for galactosemia, which is used to this day to detect the disease in neonates, and prevent its severe consequences.
Beutler was the first to attempt pharmacologic intervention in sickle cell disease by increasing methemoglobin levels, carboxyhemoglobin levels, and fetal hemoglobin levels. The latter approach depended on administration of estrogen, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin. These attempts were unsuccessful, but set the stage for presaged the use of hydroxyurea as a treatment modality.
In addition, Beutler designed the first artificial storage media for red blood cells, introduced the use of mannitol (still a mainstay in red cell preservation), and devised a variety of approaches to maintaining red cell ATP and 2,3-DPG levels and determined the viability of the cells in human volunteers.
He also played a major role in pioneering new therapies for leukemia: bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia, and 2-chorodeoxyadenosine in chronic leukemias and lymphomas.
Beginning in the mid-1990s, Beutler attempted to positionally clone the mutation responsible for the common adult-onset form of hereditary hemochromatosis. He failed to identify the mutation before it was found by others to affect HFE, a member of the major histocompatibility complex family of proteins. However, in contrast to the reports of others, he found that only about 2% of males and no females homozygous for the mutation showed severe clinical manifestations of the disease. This study depended upon genotypic and phenotypic analysis of more than 43,000 subjects.
Beutler served as an editor of Williams Hematology, a widely used text in this medical specialty, for more than 20 years: from its inception until the last year of his life. In keeping with his editorial interests and his requirements as a publishing scientist, Beutler also wrote the software for the first comprehensive bibliographic retrieval system used by publishing scientists. Later commercialized as Reference Manager, it is still in wide use today.
He authored more than 800 publications, 19 books, and over 300 book chapters over a 55-year scientific career.
Awards and honors.
Beutler was a president of both the American Society of Hematology and the Western Association of Physicians. He also received a Doctor Philosophiae Honoris Causa, Tel Aviv University. He was also elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences and was presented with the inaugural Award for Lifetime Achievement from The American Society of Hematology.
He was a recipient of the American Society of Hematology's E. Donnall Thomas Prize in 2003.
Family.
Married to Brondelle May Fleisher in 1950, Beutler had four children (Steven Merrill Beutler, Earl Bryan Beutler, Bruce Alan Beutler, and Deborah Ann Beutler). Bruce A. Beutler, also a biomedical scientist and 2011 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, occasionally collaborated with Ernest Beutler scientifically, over a period spanning more than 30 years.


Clyde Coombs

Clyde Hamilton Coombs (July 22, 1912 – February 4, 1988) was an American psychologist specializing in the field of mathematical psychology. He devised a voting system, that was hence named Coombs' method.
Coombs founded the Mathematical Psychology program at the University of Michigan. His students included Amos Tversky, Robyn Dawes, and Baruch Fischhoff, all important researchers in Decision Sciences. The classic text "An Introduction to Mathematical Psychology," by Coombs, Dawes, and Tversky was a must for Michigan graduate students in Mathematical and Experimental Psychology.
In 1959 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.
The development of scaling theory by Louis Guttman and Clyde Coombs has been recognized by Science as one of 62 major advances in the social sciences in the period 1900-1965


John Anderson (physician)

 John Anderson (died June 1804) was an English physician.
He practised as a physician at Kingston, Surrey, and subsequently, for several years before his death, was physician to, and a director of, the General Sea-bathing Infirmary at Margate, where he died in June 1804 at an advanced age. He wrote for his doctor's degree, which he took at the University of Edinburgh, a dissertation ‘De Scorbuto,’ published in 1772. He was also author of ‘Medical Remarks on Natural Spontaneous and Artificial Evacuations,’ London, 1788; and of ‘A Practical Essay on the good and bad Effects of Sea-water and Sea-bathing.’ He was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.


VLDLR-associated cerebellar hypoplasia

VLDLR-associated cerebellar hypoplasia (VLDLRCH) is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by a disruption of the VLDLR gene. First described as a form of cerebral palsy in the 1970s, it is associated with parental consanguinity and is found in secluded communities, with a number of cases described in Hutterite families.


Frank Woods (pharmacologist)

Professor Hubert Frank Woods (1937-2016), known as Frank, was a British pharmacologist.
He was appointed professor of pharmacology and therapeutics at the University of Sheffield in 1976. In 1989 he became Sir George Franklin professor of medicine and was made the University's director of the division of clinical sciences (south). He was dean of the faculty of medicine there from 1988 to 1998.
He served as chair of the General Medical Council's Health Committee, and sat on the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment, and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2001 Birthday Honours, for services to the latter.
He was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and a Fellow of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine.
He died in January 2016.


Frederick D. Patterson

Frederick Douglass Patterson (October 10, 1901 – April 26, 1988) was an American academic administrator, the president of what is now Tuskegee University (1935–1953), and founder of the United Negro College Fund (1944, "UNCF"). He was a 1987 recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, and 1988 recipient of the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP.
Early life and family.
Patterson was born on October 10, 1901 in Washington, D.C. to Mamie Lucille and William Ross Patterson. He was named after the great abolitionist and D.C. resident Frederick Douglass. Patterson was orphaned by the age of two when both of his parents died from tuberculosis. He then moved in with his sister Bessie, his primary caregiver, who sacrificed to ensure him a good education. She dedicated nearly half her $20 monthly salary to enroll him in the private elementary school of Samuel Huston College (currently Huston-Tillotson University). Thelma Dale Perkins, born in 1915, was a niece of his.
Early career.
By the age of 31, Patterson had attained three educational degrees: a Doctorate degree of Veterinary Medicine and Master of Science degree from Iowa State University (ISU), and a Doctorate of Philosophy from Cornell University.
He studied in the Agriculture Department at the Prairie View Normal and Industrial Institute (now Prairie View A&M University) in Texas, where he first became interested in veterinary medicine. Later, he enrolled at Iowa State College (now Iowa State University) in the College of Veterinary Medicine, where he graduated with a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine in 1923 and a Master of Science in 1927. Patterson was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.
His journey to academic accomplishment was not without its roadblocks. He was the only African American working at the Iowa State College veterinary clinic, where he learned important personal lessons about race and society. In his autobiography, reflecting on the experiences, he writes, "I learned a lesson with regard to race that I never forgot: how people feel about you reflects the way you permit yourself to be treated. If you permit yourself to be treated differently, you are condemned to an unequal relationship." Furthermore, he had to maintain employment while studying because he had no other source of income (other than what his sister Bessie could give him), working at both a sorority house and a hotel.
He earned a Doctorate of Philosophy in 1932 in Veterinary Pathology from Cornell University, where he was inducted to Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society.
Professional career.
Patterson taught veterinary medicine for four years at Virginia State College while serving as the director of the Department of Agriculture. From there, he became head of the Veterinary Division, then the director of the School of Agriculture at the Tuskegee Institute. While director of the Veterinary Division, the program attracted even white students due to its prestige, a rare occurrence for an HBCU in the segregated South.
In 1935, at the young age of 33, he had distinguished himself enough to be named the third President of Tuskegee Institute.
At Tuskegee Institute (between 1935-1953), President Patterson was responsible for transforming the Institute into a full-fledged university with graduate programs that exist to this day. Over the course of his Presidency he founded the School of Veterinary Medicine, the Commercial Dietetics program, and spearheaded the University's engineering and commercial aviation programs. All of these programs uniquely situated African Americans and Tuskegee University in a position where they could provide highly skilled interns for prestigious internships in emerging fields.
Legacy.
In 1944, he founded two institutions which would largely shape his overall legacy: the School of Veterinary Medicine at Tuskegee University which has graduated approximately 75 percent of the United States' black veterinarians, and the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) which administers 37 private historically black colleges and universities throughout the United States and administers 10,000 scholarships every year. Today, UNCF has raised over $3.6 billion since its inception in 1944.
Patterson's leadership won him national recognition and earned him an invitation to serve on President Harry S. Truman's President's Commission on Higher Education from 1946-47. This commission called for an important shift in American college education away from European concepts, and towards equality of opportunity. Important developments flowing historically from this Commission's report were the development of the community college network and the Title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965.
Patterson eventually became a director of the Phelps-Stokes Fund from 1958-1969 where he worked to improve education for youth of all disadvantaged backgrounds. He also founded the nonprofit Robert R. Moton Memorial Institute to improve the recruitment and management processes of HBCUs.
Eventually, Patterson would receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Ronald Reagan on June 23, 1987 in recognition of his lifetime of leadership and success in the educational field. He received a Candace Award from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women in 1986.
In honor of the impact Patterson had on college education, especially in the African American community, UNCF established the Frederick D. Patterson Research Institute (FDPRI) in 1996.
Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, his alma mater, has created two scholarships in his honor celebrating diversity and inclusion.
His remains are buried at Tuskegee University's campus.


Universidad Central del Caribe

The Universidad Central del Caribe is a private university in Bayamón, Puerto Rico that focuses on graduate studies and professional certifications in the health sciences. It was founded in 1976 in the municipality of Cayey, but since 1990 all its facilities have been integrated into one campus at the grounds of the Dr. Ramón Ruiz Arnau University Hospital in Bayamón.
Accreditations.
The Universidad Central Del Caribe is accredited by the following organizations:


Kanagaratnam Shanmugaratnam

Kanagaratnam Shanmugaratnam (2 April 1921 – 28 July 2018) was a Singaporean pathologist. Shanmugaratnam was considered to be Singapore's "father of pathology" and best known for establishing the Singapore Cancer Registry (SCR) in 1967. He was also a respected expert on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Career.
Professor Tan Chorh Chuan, the chief health scientist and executive director at the Ministry of Health's Office for Healthcare Transformation described Shanmugaratnam as "the pathologist to send the difficult cases which no one else could diagnose to" and "a very humble man and had a brilliant mind but always kind and gentle."
Death.
He died on 28 July 2018, aged 97, at his home in Singapore.
Personal life.
He was the father of Singapore Senior Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam.


Kessler Foundation

The Kessler Foundation was established in 1985 and is one of the largest public charities in the United States supporting people with disabilities. Kessler Foundation Research Center has research programs designed to improve function and quality of life for persons with spinal cord and traumatic brain injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis and other neurological and orthopedic conditions. Kessler Foundation has also distributed millions of dollars to programs that promote the employment of people with disabilities through its "Transition to Work" Signature and Community Employment grants. The Foundation's Special Initiative grants also support related community programs like ThinkFirst, an injury prevention program for children. Kessler Foundation has a full-time staff of 90 individuals, divided between two locations in West Orange, NJ.
History.
Over sixty years ago, Dr. Henry H. Kessler founded the Kessler Institute of Rehabilitation; a hospital dedicated to improving the quality of life for people with physical disabilities. Following World War II, the institute served disabled veterans and civilians. In 1951, it received a grant from the State of New Jersey toward a pre-vocational diagnostic unit. The vocational education program for people with physical limitations matched interest and abilities with previous work experience and assisted patients in job placements. Responding to an increased demand for services, in 1961 the Institute expanded from 16 beds to 48 beds. Through the 1970s and 1980s, the institution continued to expand both in terms of patient capacity as well as outpatient facilities.
In August 2003, the Henry H. Kessler Foundation sold Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation to Select Medical Corporation. The Foundation continues its focus on rehabilitation research, education and community programs. The Foundation continues to distribute funds to support the scientific research at the Kessler Research Center and employment programs that help people with disabilities return to work.
Research.
Kessler Foundation's research division is called Kessler Foundation Research Center. It includes 90 staff members who work in such research areas as neuropsychology, neuroscience, outcomes assessment, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, rehabilitation engineering, gait analysis and motor control.
Programs.
Think First.
Kessler Foundation's "Think First" is a community health education program presented to New Jersey school children in grades K-12. The program serves to educate children and teens about safety and injury prevention and promotes greater respect for people with disabilities. The information is presented by a survivor of spinal cord injury who delivers safety messages and shares his or her personal experiences. The program is the state chapter of a national "Think First" network.
Wheelblazers.
WheelBlazers is a wheelchair racing team for individuals with physical disabilities. The team gives participants the opportunity to be a part of a competitive, organized sports team. Throughout the summer and fall the team practices regularly and participants in regional races.
Grants.
Due to national trends among people with physical disabilities, Kessler Foundation decided to strategically focus the majority of its external grant allocation toward increasing the employment of people with physical disabilities.
The Kessler Foundation's "Transition to Work" initiative seeks to support organizations and programs that serve people with physical disabilities through training, job placement and other support services. The Foundation does so through Signature and Community Employment Grants.
Current grants.
The Signature Program Grants are multi-year grants supporting large initiatives that increase opportunities for New Jersey citizens with disabilities to obtain competitive employment. Grants amounts are $100,000 to $250,000 each per year, for maximum project funding of $500,000.
The Community Employment Grant program supports projects, programs, pilot initiatives, and creative solutions that work toward improving the employment and career advancement of New Jersey citizens with disabilities. Grants are for one year and range from $25,000 to $50,000 each.
Sponsorships.
Kessler Foundation sponsors the Telecommuting Pilot Project with $438,687. Run by the Jewish Vocational Service (JVS), the program matches individuals with severe physical disabilities who can work from their homes with employers who need services and support. More than 25 individuals have undergone job and vocational placement assessment and have received vocational counseling and technical support as well as job placement assistance.
On October 12–15, 2008, Kessler Foundation co-sponsored the International Conference on Behavioral Health and Traumatic Brain Injury hosted by St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center. The conference brought together medical and behavioral health experts from around the world to address the challenges of rehabilitating Iraqi war veterans with traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder. Attendees included experts in medicine, psychology, psychiatry, neuropsychology, neurosurgery, epidemiology, public policy and rehabilitation from the U.S., Europe and South America. The conference's objective is to formulate a report for Congress outlining steps the government should take to respond to the needs of individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury.
Books.
Kessler, Dr. Henry H. Kessler (1968) "The Knife is Not Enough." New York: W. W. Norton & Company.


Samuel DeButts

Samuel DeButts was a prominent Washington, D.C. area physician in the early 1800s. He acquired his plantation, Mt. Welby, just south of D.C. along the Potomac River in 1811. Today, Mt. Welby is part of the Oxon Cove and Oxon Hill National Park, and the DeButts home is occupied by the park service as the park's offices.
DeButts descendants include several prominent Americans, including Harry A. deButts, an executive with the Southern Railway in the 1950s, and John D. deButts, the last CEO of AT&T before its breakup.


Abhay R Vasavada

Dr Abhay R. Vasavada started Raghudeep Eye Clinic (REH) – as a cataract speciality centre in 1984 Ahmedabad, India. He is the first Indian and only the second Asian to be awarded the Binkhorst Medal Lecture by the American Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons (ASCRS) in 2011 . This medal is one of the highest honours conferred for an outstanding contribution in the field of Ophthalmology.
Dr. Abhay Vasavada completed his master's degree in ophthalmology (M.S.) from the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in 1975. He was awarded the coveted degree of a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (F.R.C.S.) in 1980. He completed higher surgical training, a necessity for the promotion to a consultant position in U.K. He went on to specialize in cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation, a domain that he has subsequently made his own.
He has been invited to perform live surgical demonstrations across the globe, including the US, (Annual meeting of American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgery), Germany, Italy, Hungary, Saudi Arabia, other countries of the Middle East, the entire Asia-Pacific region including China and Australia. He is a distinguished member of different local and international Ophthalmic societies all over the world.
Awards.
1) He has been a recipient of best researcher award and Dr. B. C. Roy Award by Honourable President Dr. K.R. Narayanan in 1997.
2) In 2002 he was the recipient of 1st Asia Pacific Association of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons (APACRS) Award for Best Educator in Asia Pacific Region.
3) He has been a recipient of American Academy of Ophthalmology's Achievement Award, 2005.
4) He was selected as one of the 'Top Fifty Opinion Leaders' in 2005 for his Outstanding Contribution and Leadership in the field of cataract surgery, a survey taken by a 'Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today'.
5) He has also been awarded the Arthur Lim Oration by the Asia-Pacific Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (APACRS) for the year 2010.
6) To his credit, he has contributed 140 publications in peer reviewed national & international journals.
For last few years he is also heading & supervising research related to cataract development & management in children as well as adults. His ultimate goal is to keep providing highest quality of cataract management and solve some of the problems facing children and young adults.


Stuart Bondurant

Stuart O. Bondurant FRCPE (September 9, 1929 – May 26, 2018) was professor and dean emeritus at the UNC School of Medicine in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. As dean, he was noted for his efforts to expand the university's hospital system, and for leading improvements in the school's curriculum. In particular, he is recognized for his efforts to reduce infant mortality in North Carolina in his capacity as chair of the Governor's Commission on the Reduction of Infant Mortality.
Education.
A native of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Bondurant received a B.S. in medicine from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1952, followed by a medical degree from Duke University in 1953.
Career.
Bondurant served as dean of the UNC School of Medicine from 1979 to 1994, and served as the school's interim dean from 1996 to 1997. He was also a co-founder of the North Carolina Institute of Medicine, and served as vice chair of its board of directors from 1984 to 2005. From 1989 to 1996, he was chair of the Governor's Commission on the Reduction of Infant Mortality.
Professional affiliations.
Bondurant has served as president of the American College of Physicians, chair of the Association of American Medical Colleges, and president of the National Academy of Medicine (then known as the Institute of Medicine).
Awards and recognition.
In 1980, Bondurant received an honorary D.S. degree from Indiana University. In 1998, he received the Thomas Jefferson Award from UNC-Chapel Hill's Office of Faculty Governance. In 2000, he was the first recipient of the National Academy of Medicine's David Rall Medal. In 2006, UNC School of Medicine dedicated Bondurant Hall (formerly known as the Medical Sciences Research Building) in his honor. His other awards include a Citation for Distinguished Service to Research and an Award of Merit from the American Heart Association, as well as a Distinguished Alumnus Award from the Duke University School of Medicine.


Limbus vertebra

A limbus vertebra is a bone tubercle formed by bone trauma on a vertebral body, bearing a radiographic similarity to a vertebral fracture. The anterior-superior corner of a single vertebra is the common site for this defect although it can also be seen at the inferior corner as well as the posterior or anterior margin. Anatomically, it is assumed to be an intra-vertebral body herniation of the disc material occurring during adolescent growth spurt when the ring apophysis has not yet fused. It was first described by Schmorl in 1927 and later in detail by Leif Sward and Adad Baranto.
Viewed in a lateral radiograph, it appears as a triangular shaped bone fragment, not unlike an anterior lip fracture, but with softer edges.
Limbus vertebra is not always symptomatic, but severe cases may lead to more serious pathological conditions and chronic pain. In rare instances, a posterior limbus vertebra has been described causing radiculopathy due to nerve root compression.


List of medical schools in Thailand

Medical education in Thailand was pioneered by King Chulalongkorn, who founded the country's first medical school called the "School of Medical Practitioners" at Siriraj Hospital in 1889, now the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. There are now 23 institutions offering medical programs nationwide, most of them public. All medical schools in Thailand award a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree, whereby the degree is equivalent to a master's degree in Thailand. Most of these schools also provide postgraduate and specialist programs. The Medical Council of Thailand is responsible for verifying all curricula.


Daniel Borsuk

Daniel Evan Borsuk (born January 19, 1978) is a Canadian plastic surgeon in Montreal, Quebec, who is a pioneer in facial reconstruction. The first Canadian face transplant was performed under his leadership. He is also an advocate for pet safety and education, a supporter of universal health care, and an Officer of National Order of Québec.
Biography.
Borsuk was born in Montreal, Quebec, and obtained his Doctor of Medicine and Master of Business Administration from McGill University's joint M.D., C.M. & M.B.A. program before pursuing residency training in plastic and reconstructive surgery at Université de Montréal. He completed complementary fellowship training in the United States in adult and pediatric oral and maxillofacial surgery, microsurgery, and aesthetic surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Shock Trauma Center in Baltimore, Maryland.
Through his fellowship, Borsuk practiced in the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore, Maryland, from 2011 to 2012. In March 2012, he was part of a surgical team that "performed the world's most extensive face transplant" up to that point. The 36-hour operation restored the face of a Virginia man who had lost much of his face in a gun accident. Borsuk "gained international fame" for his role in this effort, and returned to practice in Montreal that year. His experience in the United States led him to speak in favor of universal health care, available in Canada but not the U.S.
In May 2018, Borsuk led the team that performed the first Canadian complete face transplant at Montreal's Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont. The transplant took over 30 hours and replaced the upper and lower jaws, nose, lips and teeth on Maurice Desjardins, a 64-year-old man that shot himself in a hunting accident. In December 2018, Borsuk again received national attention for leading the reconstructive surgery of the skull of a hydrocephalic girl, performing a 12-hour operation in which he disassembled her oversized skull, drained two litres of fluid from her brain, and reassembled pieces of her skull in a more normal size.
In June 2019, Borsuk was made an Officer of National Order of Québec for his international contributions to facial reconstruction, face transplant surgery, and aesthetic plastic surgery. In 2020, he was one of ten men profiled in the children's book, "Dix gars passionnés: dix parcours inspirants" ("10 passionate men: 10 inspiring courses"). , Borsuk is Chief of Plastic Surgery at Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), the largest mother and child center in Canada. He also runs a private aesthetic practice.


Henri Collomb

Henri Collomb (1913–1979) was a French psychiatrist.


Natanael Berg

Carl Natanael Rexroth-Berg (9 February 1879, Stockholm – 14 October 1957, Stockholm) was a Swedish composer.
Berg trained in veterinary medicine and began learning music by teaching himself. He later studied at the Stockholm Conservatory as the pupil of Johan Lindegren. Until 1939, he served as a veterinarian in the Swedish Army and afterwards he became a freelance composer.
His output included five operas, three ballets, five symphonies as well as several symphonic poems, a piano concerto, a violin concerto, a serenade for violin and orchestra, a piano quintet, ballades, lieder, and pieces for piano.


List of people diagnosed with cystic fibrosis

The following notable people have or had cystic fibrosis.


National Leadership Network for Health and Social Care

The National Leadership Network for Health and Social Care (NLN), before 2005 the NHS Modernisation Board, is a coalition of stakeholders in the English National Health Service (NHS).
Its purpose is to advise the Ministerial team at the Department of Health on issues of NHS reform. There are twice-yearly meetings with the ministerial team to review progress and set priorities. The Network has no executive power, but seeks to influence both government policy and the work of member organisations.
In April 2006 the Network issued a paper "Strengthening local services: The Future of the acute hospital" which considers the ways in which local acute hospitals will have to change and adapt given changes in the NHS as a whole.


South African Military Health Service

The South African Military Health Service is the branch of the South African National Defence Force responsible for medical facilities and the training and deployment of all medical personnel within the force. Though unusual, as most national militaries integrate their medical structures into their existing service branches, the SANDF regards this structure as being the most efficient method of providing care and support to the SANDF's personnel.
It is a significant actor in the effort to control HIV/AIDS within the SANDF.
History.
The predecessor of the SAMHS, the South African Medical Service, was established as a full service branch of the South African Defence Force (SADF) on 1 July 1979 in order to consolidate and strengthen the medical services of the South African Army, South African Navy and South African Air Force.
Rationalisation.
Following the end of the Border War, in the early 1990s, it implemented several retrenchment measures. It consolidated all quartermaster stores in the Cape Town and Bloemfontein areas, relocated its training center from Potchefstroom to Pretoria, closed several medical supply depots, consolidated computer centers and systems, rationalized procedures for procuring medicine and medical equipment, discontinued survival training, and reduced or closed sickbays and military medical clinics that served other armed services affected by retrenchments.
The SAMS was incorporated into the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, and was renamed the South African Military Health Service on 1 June 1998.
Organisational Structure.
The SAMHS includes active duty military personnel and civilian employees of the Department of Defence. In addition, the service employs roughly 400 medical doctors and private medical specialists are sometimes appointed to supplement the staff of the SAMHS.
The Surgeon General heads the SAMHS and has the rank of Lieutenant-General. The SAMHS operates three Military Hospitals; one in Pretoria, one in Cape Town and one in Bloemfontein. There are also four specialized institutes - the Institute for Aviation Medicine, the Institute for Maritime Medicine, the Military Veterinary Institute and the Military Psychological Institute. Together, these units provide comprehensive medical care for military personnel and their dependents, as well as the police and employees of other security-related government departments, and occasionally to neighboring countries. The SAMHS also provides extensive veterinary services for animals (mainly horses and dogs) used by the security and correctional services. The Institute for Aviation Medicine and the Institute for Maritime Medicine screen pilot candidates for the air force and for civilian aviation certification, as well as divers and submariners for the navy. The military's medical services also include general medical and dental care, and specialized rehabilitation services.
The SAMHS is organized into regional medical commands, corresponding to the army's regional commands, as well as a Medical Logistics Command and a Medical Training Command. The regional commands support military units, military base hospitals, and military unit sickbays in their region. The Medical Logistics Command is responsible for medical logistics only, as each service provides for its own logistics support. In addition, the Medical Training Command supervises the South African Medical Service College, the South African Military Health Service Nursing College, and the South African Military Health Service Training Centre, as well as the military hospitals' training programs. The nursing college, in Pretoria, grants a four-year nursing diploma in association with the University of South Africa. Specialized, in-service training courses for nurses and for nursing assistants are also available.


Charles-Paul Diday

Charles-Paul Diday (1812 – January 8, 1894) was a French physician born in Bourg-en-Bresse.
He studied medicine in Paris, and later became chief surgeon at the Antiquaille in Lyon. He was founder of the "Gazette médicale de Lyon", and for 34 years was general secretary of the "Société de Médecine" in Lyon.
He specialized in research of venereal disease, particularly congenital syphilis. His "Traite de la syphilis des nouveau-nes et des enfants a la mamelle" (A Treatise on Syphilis in New-Born Children and Infants at the Breast) was considered a landmark work on congenital syphilis, and has been translated into English.
In the prevention of the spread of venereal disease in France, Diday advocated mandatory distribution of condoms in houses of prostitution. He also proposed that all individuals possess a medical certificate of health and disease as a "sanitary passport". Diday believed that marriage was a prophylactic, stating: "Marriage prevents rapid consumption produced by the venereal excess by excluding the attraction of novelty and subjecting physical instinct to a more sublime moral goal".


Wendy Winstead

Wendy Winsted was a folk singer/writer, author, and physician (University of Cincinnati School of Medicine 1985) who has been credited with popularizing ferrets as pets in the United States in the mid 1970s. Winsted worked on and perfected the procedure for de-scenting young ferrets (by removing the anal scent sac and neutering males to eliminate their odor). She introduced ferrets to numerous celebrities such as Dick Smothers and David Carradine and appeared on television numerous times with her own ferrets.
Winsted taught her method of de-scenting ferrets to several breeders and farms across the United States, thereby making de-scented ferrets the standard for being sold at pet stores.
She died in the 1990s from cancer.


Carl Rabl

Carl Rabl (2 May 1853 in Wels, Austria – 24 December 1917 in Leipzig, Germany
) was an Austrian anatomist. His most notable achievement was on the structural consistency of chromosomes during the cell cycle. In 1885 he published that chromosomes do not lose their identity, even though they are no longer visible through the microscope.
As a student, Rabl's influences included Rudolf Leuckart at Leipzig, Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke at Vienna and Ernst Haeckel at the University of Jena. In 1886, he became a full professor at the German University in Prague (Charles University in Prague), and in 1904 succeeded Wilhelm His as professor of anatomy at the University of Leipzig. He was in charge of the anatomical institute at Leipzig until his death in 1917.
In 1891 he married Marie Virchow, the daughter of German pathologist Rudolf Virchow. In 1902 he was a nominee for the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine — the prize was, however, awarded to Ronald Ross in 1902 for his work involving malaria.


Omphalomesenteric duct remnant


External gills

External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes. Instead, the respiratory organs are set on a frill of stalks protruding from the sides of an animal's head.
This type of gill is most commonly observed on the aquatic larva of most species of salamanders, lungfish, and bichirs (which have only one large pair), and are retained by neotenic adult salamanders and some species of adult lungfish. They are present on non-transforming salamander species, such as most members of the family Proteidae (the olm and mudpuppies) and the family Sirenidae, which naturally never metamorphose into an air-breathing form. The embryos of frogs and caecilians also develop external gills at some point in their development, though these are either resorbed before or disappear shortly after hatching. Fossils of the distant relatives of modern amphibians, such as "Branchiosaurus" and "Apateon", also show evidence of external gills.
The external gills commonly consist of a single stalk (rami) protruding from a gill arch behind the head of the animal, above an associated gill slit. The stalk usually contains muscle tissue, and may be moved by the animal as a free appendage, in order to stir up stagnant water. The stalk is lined by many thinly walled filaments (fimbriae), containing the majority of blood vessels used in gas exchange. Animals usually have one external gill originating on each gill arch (except the hyoid), which leads to there being three pairs of external gills in salamanders, and four in the gilled larvae of lungfish.


Therapeutic angiogenesis

Therapeutic angiogenesis is an experimental area in the treatment of ischemia, the condition associated with decrease in blood supply to certain organs, tissues, or body parts. This is usually caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels. Angiogenesis is the natural healing process by which new blood vessels are formed to supply the organ or part in deficit with oxygen-rich blood. The goal of therapeutic angiogenesis is to stimulate the creation of new blood vessels in ischemic organs, tissues, or parts with the hope of increasing the level of oxygen-rich blood reaching these areas.
References.
1. Isner JM. Therapeutic angiogenesis: a new frontier for vascular therapy.
"Vasc Med". 1996 1: 79–87.
2. Ferrara N, Kerbel RS. Angiogenesis as a therapeutic target.
"Nature". 2005 Dec 15;438(7070): 967–74.
3. Losordo DW, Dimmeler S. Therapeutic angiogenesis and vasculogenesis
for ischemic disease. Part I: angiogenic cytokines.
"Circulation". 2004 109: 2487-2491
4. Cao L, Mooney DJ. Spatiotemporal control over growth factor signaling for therapeutic neovascularization.
"Adv Drug Deliv Rev." 2007 Nov 10;59(13):1340-50.


No-Hee Park

No-Hee Park is the Dean of the School of Dentistry at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is also a researcher and scientist in the field of oral and craniofacial research. He has more than 170 scientific publications, nine invited review articles, nine book chapters and 180 abstracts for national and international scientific presentations.
Early life and education.
Park was born in 1944 in Danyang County, South Korea. His family then moved to Daejeon City, where he attended elementary, junior high, and high school. In high school, Park practiced Judo, a form of martial arts; by the time he went to college, he had earned a black belt.
Park entered Seoul National University in 1962 and received a Certificate in the Arts and Sciences. In 1964, he attended Seoul National University's College of Dentistry, and received a DDS in 1968. As a dental student, he was heavily involved in scientific research, specifically pharmacology and biological chemistry. He went on to receive a Certificate in Periodontics in 1971 from Seoul National University. He then was drafted into the Korean Army, where he served for three years, 1971 to 1974, retiring as a captain.
Park was given the opportunity to conduct research for a year as a postdoctoral fellow at the Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University in 1975. At the end of the year, he decided to stay and pursue a PhD degree in Pharmacology, which he received in 1978. From 1978 to 1982 he served as a research associate at the Harvard University/Eye Research Institute, while pursuing a Certificate in Virology and Molecular Biology Fellowship, which he earned in 1980. He then entered Harvard School of Dental Medicine to work towards an American dental degree, and he received a Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) degree in 1982.
Career.
In 1982 he became an assistant professor in the Department of Oral Biology and Pathophysiology at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. In 1984 he relocated to the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, starting as an associate professor in the Section of Oral Biology for a year, then becoming a professor in 1985. In 2004, he also became a professor in the Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology and Oncology) at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. In 2006 he was named a distinguished professor at both schools. During his time at UCLA, Park also served as the associate director of UCLA Dental Research Institute (July 1986 – June 1990), the associate dean for Research, UCLA School of Dentistry (January 1997 – June 1998), and the director of the UCLA Dental Research Institute (January 1995 – June 2002). He is currently serving as dean of the UCLA School of Dentistry.
Academic and research achievements.
Park's early foray into research (1975–1983) focused on the study of molecular mechanisms of numerous antiviral agents (e.g., Zovirax®) against herpes simplex virus by evaluating their therapeutic efficacy in animal models. In 1983, Park changed the focus of his research to the study of the mechanisms of human oral cancer development, clarifying and expounding the role of human papillomavirus in the development of human cancer.
Between 1978 and 2014, while at Harvard and UCLA, Park received close to $60 million extramural funds from the U.S. government and private industry for his research programs, and he trained more than 100 postdoctoral fellows, research students, and visiting faculty members. Many of the people he trained have gone on to become university faculty members in the United States and many other countries, including Korea, Japan, China and various European countries.
He has held leadership positions in numerous research organizations. He served NIH as a grant review committee member (1998, 1990, 1993, 1991–95, 1995, 1997–98, 2005) and has been an editorial board member of numerous journals, including the "Journal of Dental Research" (1995–1997), "International Journal of Oral Biology" (1996–2001), "European Journal of Cancer" (1995–1999), International Journal of Oncology (1996–present), the "Electronic Journal of Biotechnology" (1997–present), "Odontology" (2000–present), and "Critical Review of Oncogenesis" (2011–present).
Personal life.
No-Hee Park married Yubai Park in 1969. They have a daughter, son-in-law, and granddaughter, who reside in Atlanta, Georgia.