Harry Sullivan (Doctor Who)

Harry Sullivan is a fictional character from the British science-fiction television series "Doctor Who" and is a companion of the Fourth Doctor. Played by Ian Marter, the character appears as a regular during the programme's twelfth season in 1974–1975.
Character history.
Doctor Sullivan is a commissioned Surgeon-Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, who is attached as medical officer to the United Nations Intelligence Taskforce, the military organisation to which the Doctor acts as scientific advisor. He is first mentioned (though not seen) in "Planet of the Spiders", when the Brigadier thinks the Third Doctor has gone into a coma. The Brigadier calls for Doctor Sullivan and asks him to come to the Doctor's laboratory, but tells him not to bother when Sergeant Benton wakes the Doctor by offering him a cup of coffee. In the next serial, "Robot", after the Doctor's third regeneration, Sullivan is called in to attend him, and ends up travelling aboard the TARDIS with the Fourth Doctor and Sarah Jane Smith (played by Elisabeth Sladen) for several subsequent adventures.
Harry is rather old-fashioned and stereotypically English in his attitudes. Somewhat accident-prone, he once claimed he was always trapping his nose in the doors of Portsmouth barracks. He often employs slightly archaic language — for example, referring to Sarah Jane affectionately as "old thing" or "old girl". He is nonetheless depicted as possessing great bravery and a "can-do" attitude, adapting well to the many strange situations in which he finds himself. He can, however, also be quite clumsy and unsubtle, once leading the Doctor to declare, in a moment of frustration and at the top of his lungs, that "Harry Sullivan is an imbecile!" Nonetheless he is well liked by the Doctor and Sarah Jane, and has a slightly flirtatious relationship with her.
The character was originally devised by the production team as a means of handling any action scenes required in episodes when they had envisioned that the new Doctor would be played by an older actor, as had previously been the case (Sarah Jane even jokingly compares Harry to James Bond at one point). When forty-year-old Tom Baker was cast, however, this was no longer a concern and the decision was taken to write Harry out — something producer Philip Hinchcliffe later admitted was probably a mistake, as Harry was a likeable and popular character who worked well with both of his fellow leads.
Harry's last regular appearance is in the season thirteen opener "Terror of the Zygons", which had actually been made at the conclusion of the twelfth production block and held over to start the following season. At the conclusion of this story he chooses to return to London by train rather than by TARDIS with the Doctor and Sarah Jane, who continue their adventures without him. He does, however, reappear three stories later in "The Android Invasion", both as the original Harry and an android double. This is the character's final appearance in the programme.
A later production team gave some consideration to bringing Harry Sullivan back for a guest appearance in the 1983 story "Mawdryn Undead", part of the programme's twentieth anniversary season. Their first choice was the character of Ian Chesterton, but those plans fell through due to actor William Russell being unavailable. In the end, they decided to use the character of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart (played by Nicholas Courtney) instead. Harry is mentioned in the story, however — the Brigadier tells the Fifth Doctor that he was "seconded to NATO" and was last heard of "doing something 'hush-hush' at Porton Down."
His photograph appears in the pilot episode of "The Sarah Jane Adventures", hanging on the side of a roof joist in Sarah Jane Smith's attic, near a portrait of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and a photograph of Sarah Jane and K-9 Mark III. These were the first uses of classic era imagery in the revived era of the Whoniverse. Also in this episode when Sarah Jane is thinking of names for her son she contemplates choosing the name Harry. In "The Sarah Jane Adventures" story "Death of the Doctor", Sarah Jane reveals that Harry continued as a doctor and saved thousands of lives with his vaccines.
In "The Zygon Inversion" Kate Stewart mentions that Sullivan developed a gas known as Z-67, which turns Zygons inside out. The Doctor confiscated the gas and formula to prevent its misuse, referring to the weapon as "the imbecile's gas", referencing his assertion in "Revenge of the Cybermen" that "Harry Sullivan is an imbecile!".
Appearances in other media.
After leaving the cast of the programme, Ian Marter went on to pen several novelisations of "Doctor Who" stories for Target Books, writing an original novel, "Harry Sullivan's War", for them in 1985. In "Harry Sullivan's War", the character has become an MI5 operative (supporting the Brigadier's comment in "Mawdryn Undead"). Marter was believed to have been planning a sequel at the time of his death from a diabetic coma the following year.
There was a biography of Sarah Jane Smith which stated that she and Harry developed a romantic relationship after her return from travelling with the Doctor. They later parted amicably and were still very fond of each other.
Between 1994 and 2003, the character of Harry appeared in several novels from Virgin Publishing and BBC Books. Some of these stories are set in gaps between televised adventures featuring the character, but in several books he has been seen either earlier or later in life.
In the Virgin Missing Adventures novel "System Shock" (1995) and the Past Doctor Adventures novel "Millennium Shock" (1999), both by Justin Richards, he is seen during the 1990s as a Deputy Director of MI5. An even later early-21st century Harry has a cameo in the New Adventure "Damaged Goods" by Russell T Davies.
The New Adventure "Blood Heat" (1993) by Jim Mortimore briefly depicts a parallel universe version of Harry serving on a nuclear submarine in a dystopian world ruled by the Silurians, where he manages to save the life of the Seventh Doctor's companion Bernice Summerfield.
In David A. McIntee's Past Doctor Adventure "The Face of the Enemy" (1998) Harry is seen still working for the Royal Navy before his secondment to UNIT, which he first encounters in the novel. He also appears in the novel "Wolfsbane" by Jacqueline Rayner, where he briefly aids the currently-amnesic Eighth Doctor in dealing with a plot involving a woman who believes herself to be the reincarnation of Morgan Le Fay in 1936 when the Fourth Doctor's TARDIS accidentally materialises there long enough for Harry to leave, having apparently been drawn off course by its damaged future self. Although the Eighth Doctor's amnesia and subsequent regenerations prevent either the Doctor or Harry from recognizing each other, Harry notes that the Doctor has a certain 'Doctorishness' about him.
In the Big Finish Productions audio drama "UNIT: The Wasting" (2005), Commodore Sullivan (who is working with NATO) is called on by the Brigadier for a favour but does not have a speaking part.
Harry's previously unknown younger stepbrother, Will Sullivan (also a medical doctor), appears in the second series of the "Sarah Jane Smith Adventures" (2005–2006) audio plays by Big Finish, voiced by Tom Chadbon. Harry is mentioned by both Will and Sarah Jane, but he is apparently on some secret assignment and neither has seen him for a long time. Will is eventually revealed to be a sleeper agent of a religious cult targeting Sarah Jane, and dies during the course of the series.
Harry appears in the Titan "Doctor Who" Ninth Doctor comic storyline "Official Secrets", set in the 1970s, where he briefly takes command of UNIT during the Brigadier's absence while investigating the mysterious appearance of large monsters, meeting the Ninth Doctor, Rose Tyler and Captain Jack Harkness during the crisis.
Audio.
In 2017, Big Finish released their first story to include the character of Harry Sullivan. It was narrated by The Monk (Rufus Hound) titled "How to Win Planets and Influence People""." In December 2018 the free subscriber short story "Tuesday" by Tony Jones also featured Harry Sullivan and was narrated by Stephen Critchlow.
In 2019, Big Finish released their third story featuring the character of Harry Sullivan narrated by Leela (Louise Jameson) titled "#HarrySullivan".
Other mentions.
A vision of Harry is seen along with every other companion (aside from Leela) on the scanner screen in "Resurrection of the Daleks". Harry is also seen calling out to the Doctor just before his regeneration in "Logopolis". He is also mentioned in "The Sarah Jane Adventures" story "Death of the Doctor", with Sarah recounting his successful medical career, revealing "He did such good work with vaccines. He saved thousands of lives". In "Doctor Who Magazine" issue 512, discussing his 2017 episode "Knock Knock', writer Mike Bartlett revealed that the character of Harry in his episode was intended to be the grandson of Harry Sullivan (who, according to this episode, had gone "grey-packing" with his boyfriend to the Great Wall of China where he was arrested for trying to steal a piece).


Atlanta Confederate order of battle

The following units and commanders fought in the Confederate Army of Tennessee during the Battle of Atlanta on July 22, 1864. The Union order of battle is listed separately. The orders of battle for the first and second phases of the campaign are listed separately as well.
Army of Tennessee.
Gen John B. Hood
Hardee's Corps.
LTG William J. Hardee
Hood's Corps.
MG Benjamin F. Cheatham
Cavalry Corps.
MG Joseph Wheeler


Boyd Anderson Tackett

Boyd Anderson Tackett (May 9, 1911 – February 23, 1985) was a U.S. Representative from Arkansas.
Biography.
Tackett was born near Black Springs in Montgomery County in southwestern Arkansas. He moved with his parents to Glenwood, Arkansas, and attended public school; afterwards, he matriculated at Arkansas Polytechnic College at Russellville (1930–1932), continued at Ouachita College in Arkadelphia (1932–1933), and graduated in 1935 from the University of Arkansas School of Law at Fayetteville.
After being admitted to the bar, Tackett practiced law in Glenwood, Murfreesboro, and Nashville, Arkansas, until he was elected in 1936 to the Arkansas House of Representatives. He also served as the prosecuting attorney of the 9th Judicial Circuit of Arkansas until 1943, when he enlisted in the United States Army. Tackett served as a corporal in the Signal Corps until his discharge in 1944, when he resumed his law practice in Nashville.
In 1948, Tackett was elected as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arkansas's 4th District as a Democrat to the 81st and 82nd Congresses. He did not seek reelection to the House in 1952 but instead lost his bid for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination to Francis Cherry. Tackett returned to Texarkana and his law practice, where he remained until retirement in 1980.
Tackett lived again in Nashville, Arkansas, from 1983 until his death two years later. He was interred there at Restland Memorial Park.


President of Tanganyika


Military ranks of Togo

The Military ranks of Togo are the military insignia used by the Togolese Armed Forces.
Officers.
The rank insignia for commissioned officers for the army, navy and air force respectively.
Enlisted.
The rank insignia for enlisted personnel for the army, navy and air force respectively.


Richard Schweiker

Richard Schultz Schweiker (June 1, 1926 – July 31, 2015) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 14th U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1983. He previously served as a U.S. Representative (1961–1969) and a U.S. Senator (1969–1981) from Pennsylvania. In 1976, Schweiker was Reagan's vice presidential pick during his unsuccessful presidential campaign.
Early life.
Schweiker was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania, on June 1, 1926. He was the son of Malcolm Alderfer Schweiker, Sr. (February 27, 1895 – June 12, 1982) and his wife, the former Blanche R. Schultz (December 17, 1894 – September 1974). His father and his uncle worked in the tiling business for several decades. He was born into a family of Schwenckfelders and was a member of the church himself.
Schweiker received his early education at public schools in Worcester, and graduated from Norristown Area High School as valedictorian in 1944. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Navy aboard the aircraft carrier , being discharged with the rank of electronics technician (second class) in 1946.
Following his military service, Schweiker attended Slippery Rock State College for two years before transferring to Pennsylvania State University. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Penn State in 1950, graduating as a member of the Pi Kappa Sigma. He then joined his family's business, American Olean Tile Company, rising from an assistant in the personnel department to the company's president within a few years. He also became active in local Republican politics, serving as a precinct committeeman, and founded the Montgomery County chapter of the Young Republicans, of which he was president from 1952 to 1954. He was selected as an alternate delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1952 and in 1956.
Marriage and family.
On September 10, 1955, Schweiker married Claire Joan Coleman, a former host of the children's television show "Romper Room", in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1954–1956). They had two sons and three daughters.
Political career.
U.S. House of Representatives.
In 1960, Schweiker was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. At the time, the Montgomery County-based district included Schweiker's home town of Norristown and several affluent suburban communities in the Philadelphia Main Line. A moderate to liberal Republican, he defeated conservative incumbent John A. Lafore, Jr., in the Republican primary. In the general election, he defeated Democrat Warren Ballard, a law professor at Temple University, 62%–38%. He was elected to three more terms, never receiving less than 59% of the vote.
During his tenure in the House, Schweiker served on the Armed Services Committee and the Government Operations Committee. He sponsored legislation, signed into law in 1965, that provided cash awards to military service personnel for cost-cutting ideas. Schweiker voted for the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He also supported the creation of Medicare, increases in Social Security, and federal rent subsidies. He considered running for governor of Pennsylvania in 1966, but state Republican leaders persuaded him not to.
U.S. Senate.
In 1968, Schweiker was elected to the U.S. Senate, defeating two-term Democratic incumbent Joseph S. Clark, Jr., by more than 280,000 votes. He was the only successful Republican statewide candidate in an election that saw Hubert Humphrey win Pennsylvania by over 170,000 votes. Continuing his progressive reputation in the Senate, Schweiker opposed the Vietnam War and President Richard Nixon's nominations of Clement Haynsworth and G. Harrold Carswell to the U.S. Supreme Court, and had an 89% rating from the liberal Americans for Democratic Action. But he also supported school prayer and opposed stronger widespread gun control.
During his tenure in the Senate, Schweiker served as the ranking member on both the Labor and Human Resources Committee and the Labor, Health, and Human Services Appropriations Subcommittee. He was a pioneer in increasing government spending on diabetes mellitus research, authoring and sponsoring of the National Diabetes Mellitus Research and Education Act. This legislation, passed by Congress in 1974, established the National Commission on Diabetes to create a long-term plan to fight the disease.
Schweiker was reelected in 1974, defeating his Democratic opponent, Pittsburgh mayor Peter F. Flaherty, in a year when many Republican incumbents lost due to political fallout from the Watergate scandal. He won 53% of the vote, the highest of any senator from Pennsylvania since 1946. He was the first Republican senator ever endorsed by the Pennsylvania AFL–CIO, and received 49% of the vote in heavily Democratic Philadelphia.
Church Committee.
From 1975 to 1976, Schweiker was a member of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, headed by Idaho Senator Frank Church, investigating illegal domestic activities of the United States government's intelligence agencies. The "Church Committee" found that allegations of CIA plots to assassinate Cuban Premier Fidel Castro during John F. Kennedy's presidency went unreported to the Warren Commission even though CIA director Allen Dulles was a member of the Commission. These findings led Schweiker to call for a reinvestigation of Kennedy's assassination. Church appointed Schweiker and Colorado Senator Gary Hart to be a two-person subcommittee to look into the "performance or non-performance" of intelligence agencies during the initial investigation of the assassination. In October 1975, Schweiker said at a press conference that the subcommittee had developed "significant leads" and was investigating three conspiracy theories, adding, "I think the Warren Commission is like a house of cards. It's going to collapse." In its final report, the Church Committee called the initial investigation deficient and criticized the response of CIA and FBI, but stated that it had "not uncovered any evidence sufficient to justify a conclusion that there was a conspiracy to assassinate President Kennedy."
On May 14, 1976, Schweiker told "CBS Morning News" that he believed the CIA and FBI had lied to the Warren Commission. On June 27, 1976, he appeared on CBS's "Face the Nation" and said that the Commission made a "fatal mistake" by relying on the CIA and FBI instead of its own investigators. Schweiker also said that he felt it was possible that the White House was involved in a cover-up.
Vice Presidential nomination.
In 1976, Ronald Reagan made a serious challenge against President Gerald Ford for the Republican nomination for President of the United States. Immediately before the opening of the Republican National Convention, Reagan attempted to attract moderate delegates by promising to name Schweiker, who had a moderate voting record in the Senate, as his running mate. This was unusual because the tradition was for a nominee to name a running mate only after winning the nomination. In response, conservative Republicans, including U.S. Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina, encouraged a movement to draft Conservative Party U.S. Senator James L. Buckley of New York as the G.O.P. nominee. Ford won the nomination on the first ballot by a razor-thin margin and selected Bob Dole for vice president.
Schweiker subsequently adopted a much more conservative voting record; his rating from the liberal group Americans for Democratic Action dropped to 15% in 1977.
In 1980, Schweiker announced he would not seek reelection to the Senate. Reagan won the presidential nomination in 1980 but chose George H. W. Bush, not Schweiker, as his running mate, and won the election.
Post-Senate career.
Reagan's cabinet.
Schweiker accepted President Reagan's appointment as U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services in January 1981. He held the post until he resigned in February 1983. During his tenure, he worked with Reagan and House Speaker Tip O'Neill to reform Social Security, put greater emphasis on preventive medicine, reduce Medicare and food stamp grants to the states, and restrict welfare eligibility.
Political legacy.
During his tenure in public service, Schweiker was an ardent supporter of a volunteer army. He coauthored the book "How to End the Draft", eventually used as the blueprint for shifting the country to a fully volunteer army. He also pushed for the "Schweiker Act" of 1965 that provided cash awards to military personnel who suggested money-saving ideas, ultimately resulting in savings of more than $1 billion to taxpayers.
As ranking Republican on the Senate health subcommittee, Schweiker worked on legislation to combat diabetes, cancer, heart disease, sickle cell anemia, and lead paint poisoning. He focused heavily on diabetes and authored bills creating the National Commission on Diabetes Advisory Board, pushing for passage of the National Diabetes Act in 1972. Those efforts led to increased federal funding for diabetes programs and were a prototype for legislatively constructing a research effort across all National Institutes of Health operations and the Centers for Disease Control. Some who worked with Schweiker or benefited from his initiative called him the "Patron Saint of the Pancreas" for his devotion to the cause.
Later life and death.
From 1983 to 1994, Schweiker served as president of the American Council of Life Insurance, now known as the American Council of Life Insurers. He retired and lived in McLean, Virginia.
On July 31, 2015, Schweiker died of complications from an infection at the AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center in Pomona, New Jersey.
External links.
 Retrieved on 2008-03-31


Atlanta Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Atlanta (July 22, 1864) of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.
Military Division of the Mississippi.
MG William T. Sherman
Army of the Tennessee.
MG James B. McPherson (k)

MG John A. Logan
XV Corps.
MG John A. Logan

BG Morgan L. Smith
XVI Corps (Left Wing).
MG Grenville M. Dodge
XVII Corps.
MG Francis P. Blair, Jr.


Guevarista Revolutionary Army

The Guevarista Revolutionary Army (Ejército Revolucionario Guevarista, ERG) was a revolutionary, guerrilla group operating in Colombia. It formed in 1992 as an offshoot of the ELN. It was named after and inspired by the Argentine Che Guevara.
Despite it being an offshoot of the ELN and employing tactics such as kidnapping, the ERG is not designated or watched as a terrorist organization by the United States, United Kingdom, the European Union, Australia, Canada or Russia, only by the Government of Colombia.
Location.
The ERG's membership was 45 persons in the day of their surrender. It does not operate nationwide and is considerably smaller than the two main guerrilla groups in Colombia, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and the National Liberation Army. It was active in the Departments of Chocó, Risaralda, and Antioquia.
Claimed attacks.
In 1997, the group reportedly asked $500,000 in ransom for six people the group kidnapped from a commercial helicopter in Antioquia. The helicopter was loaded with explosives, and the group reportedly placed mines in the location the people were taken. Three of the individuals kidnapped were recovered on July 30, unharmed, and the group released the helicopter to Colombian troops.
On July 27, 2000 (some sources claim the kidnapping occurred on July 25), ERG gunmen kidnapped a member of Doctors Without Borders. The hostage was a French aid worker, and it is unknown what happened to the hostage. After 88 days, the Doctors without Borders volunteer, Ignacio de Torquemada, was released from captivity. The doctor reported that most of his kidnappers were between 15–20 years old, In particular, he was quoted as calling them a bunch of “boys."
On August 21, 2001, Joseph Stocker, a Swedish engineer, was reportedly kidnapped by the ERG. Stocker was reportedly on vacation during the time the kidnapping took place. It occurred in the town of Carmen de Atrato.
In 2002, the former governor of Choco was reportedly kidnapped by the group.
On December 17, 2005, it carried out a joint attack on Colombian police forces in the village of San Marino, with the two larger groups which killed at least six police officers. The group is known to operate mostly in Chocó.
The ERG has engaged in kidnapping in the past. On February 9, 2007, a Colombian National Army captain held hostage for three years by the group was freed.
Notable members.
Olimpo de Jesús Sánchez Caro-
Olimpo, known as El Viejo, as long as 19 members of the group demobilized in the city of Carmen Del Choco on August 21, 2008. Olimpo reportedly worked for multiple guerilla groups.
The group was formed by Olimpo de Jesús Sánchez Caro along with his brothers Ephraim Sánchez Carom and Lizardo Sánchez Caro.
The group started with 18 members on October 18, 1993 and eventually evolved to over 400 members.
Hector Albeidis Arboleda Buitrago, a nurse for multiple guerilla groups, was reportedly used to issue abortions.
Trials and convictions.
In December 2015, Sanchez Caro was charged with multiple crimes, including kidnappings, murder, forced abortions, and was sentenced to 20 years at the Itagui Prison in Antioquia. Also in December 2015, the Superior Court of Medellin convicted 20 members of the ERG with crimes ranging from, forced abortions, war crimes, illegal recruitment, and the murder of protected people. The government provided medical assistance to any women that needed it after the forced procedure, and offered education, training, and psychological help to those that sought it.
Hector Albedis Arboleda Buitrago was handed over to Colombian authorities after being extradited from Spain. Hector was accused of issuing forced abortions to female members.
Demobilization.
In 2008, Luis Carlos Restrepo Ramirez called for the group to demobilize. The announcement ensured that members who decided to demobilize and surrender their weapons would be subjected to the Justice and Peace Law. The Justice and Peace Law, signed in 2005 by President Uribe, the law issues reduced sentences for members and provides an easier route for fighters to rejoin civilian life. MAPP/OEA were responsible for monitoring the demobilization of the group. On August 21, 2008 the group laid down their arms and ceased to exist. The group surrendered 35 light weapons, 5,000 rounds of ammunition, and 20 explosives. The group was the first to surrender as a whole due to the Justice and Peace Law.


Carnifex Ferry order of battle

The following Union Army and Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Carnifex Ferry of the American Civil War on September 10, 1861, in Nicholas County, Virginia (now West Virginia).
Union Forces.
Army of Occupation.
BG William S. Rosecrans
Confederate Forces.
Army of the Kanawha.
BG John Buchanan Floyd


Northwest African Tactical Air Force

The Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) was a component of the Northwest African Air Forces which itself reported to the Mediterranean Air Command (MAC). These new Allied air force organizations were created at the Casablanca Conference in January 1943 to promote cooperation between the British Royal Air Force (RAF), the American United States Army Air Force (USAAF), and their respective ground and naval forces in the North African and Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO). Effective February 18, 1943, the NATAF and other MAC commands existed until December 10, 1943, when MAC was disbanded and the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces (MAAF) were established. Acting Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham was the commander of NATAF.
The components of NATAF at the time of the Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky) on July 10, 1943, are illustrated below.
Northwest African Tactical Air Force<BR>
Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham
For Operation Husky, No. 242 Group, originally a component of NATAF in February 1943, was assigned to the Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF). At the same time, Air Headquarters, Western Desert became known as Desert Air Force. All of the fighter units of Desert Air Force formed No. 211 (Offensive Fighter) Group commanded by Air Commodore Richard Atcherley on April 11, 1943, in Tripoli. The 99th Fighter Squadron was assigned to the XII Air Support Command on May 28, 1943, and subsequently attached to the 33rd Fighter Group. The actual squadron assignments and detachments varied throughout the war depending on the specific needs of the air force. The table above illustrates the squadron assignments and commanders for the important period of World War II when the Allies prepared to invade Italy (Operation Husky), having just won the war in North Africa (Tunisia Campaign). In recognition of XII Air Support Command's operations in Sicily, Supreme Allied Commander General Dwight D. Eisenhower presented Major General Edwin House with the Legion of Merit and stated the following:
"...for the first time established the application of a tactical air force operating in support of an American Army."


3rd Mounted Rifles

The 3rd Mounted Rifles were a light cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army. The regiment was formed 1 October 1905 in Colmar.


General der Panzertruppe

General der Panzertruppe () was a General of the branch OF8 rank of the German Army, introduced in 1935. A "General der Panzertruppe" was a Lieutenant General, above Major General (Generalleutnant), commanding a Panzer corps.
Rank and rank insignia.
The rank was equivalent to the long established "General der Kavallerie", "General der Artillerie" and "General der Infanterie". The Wehrmacht also introduced "General der Gebirgstruppe" (mountain troops), "General der Pioniere" (engineers), "General der Fallschirmtruppe" (parachute troops), "General der Flieger" (aviators), "General der Nachrichtentruppe" (communications troops) and "General der Luftnachrichtentruppe" (air communications troops).
Position.
In the contemporary German Army (Bundeswehr), there is a "General der Panzertruppen", which is not a "rank" but a "position", who is usually a brigadier general ("Brigadegeneral"). The General der Panzertruppen commands the Armoured Corps Training Centre.
In the Wehrmacht, the equivalent position was called "Generalinspekteur der Panzertruppe".
List.
The following officers were "General der Panzertruppe":


246th Volksgrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)

The 246th Infantry (later Volksgrenadier) Division ( later ) was a division of the German Wehrmacht during World War II.
Operational history.
The division was formed in Trier (Wkr. XII) and initially stationed on the Saar Line, later in South-western France from August 1941 until January 1942. On formation, it consisted of 313th, 352nd and 404th infantry regiments; an artillery regiment; a pioneer regiment; an anti-tank battalion; a signals battalion, and other subunits. The division lacked 50mm anti-tank guns, and used trophy French vehicles.
From February 1942 to January 1943 the division served in the area of Vitebsk and was a part of the 9th Army. Most of the operations in which the division participated were in the area of Bely and south-west of it, the sector extending to Smolensk. The division's most active period was during the Winter-Spring of 1942, but from May it was transferred to the "Kampfgruppe Esebeck" (Generalleutenant Hans-Karl Freiherr von Esebeck), and from March in "Kampfgruppe Zeidlitz". During July 1942, in cooperation with the 2nd Panzer Division it was engaged in combat with the 17th Guards and 135th Rifle Divisions and the 21st Tank Brigade.


326th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 326th Infantry Division ("326. Infanterie-Division") was the only Eastern Front (Ost Front) veteran division to have fought in the battles of Normandy. It was formed on November 9, 1942, shortly after its return from Southern Russia to serve as an occupation force in France. On May 5, 1943, the division was transformed into a static division. The 326th Infantry Division was destroyed during the Battle of Normandy. A new 326th Volksgrenadier Division ("326. Volksgrenadier-Division") was formed on September 4, 1944, in Galanta by redesignation of the new 579th Volksgrenadier Division of the 32nd mobilisation wave. In 1945 the division, separated into two groups, entered U.S. captivity in the Ruhr Pocket and Harz respectively.
Operational history.
The 326th Infantry Division spent its entire operational history on the Western Front, taking part in the Battles of Normandy under Army Group D ("Heeresgruppe D") and the Ardennes under Army Group B ("Heeresgruppe B").


7th Royal Tank Regiment

The 7th Royal Tank Regiment (7th RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army from 1917 until disbandment in 1959.
History.
The 7th Royal Tank Regiment was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps. The regiment originally saw action as G Battalion, Tank Corps in 1917.
Part of the 1st Army Tank Brigade, 7th RTR saw service in France in May 1940, alongside the 4th Royal Tank Regiment and the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division during the Battle of Dunkirk and was soon evacuated at Dunkirk, and abandoning most of their vehicles. The 7th RTR returned to England and was sent overseas later in the year.
In December 1940, as part of the British Western Desert Force in Egypt, the 7th RTR contained Matilda infantry tanks and supported the 11th Indian Infantry Brigade of the 4th Indian Infantry Division. The regiment attacked and destroyed the Italian "Maletti Group" at the Nibeiwa Camp. The 7th RTR also supported the attack of the 11th Brigade on Italian positions at the Tummar camps. These attacks were accomplished during the opening stages of Operation Compass. The regiment also participated in the successful attacks on Italian-held Bardia during the same campaign.
In mid-1942, the 7th RTR was captured at Tobruk during the Battle of Gazala, part of the First Battle of El Alamein. Tobruk was surrendered to Italian and German forces on 21 June 1942.
The regiment was reconstituted in 1943 by re-designation of the 10th Royal Tank Regiment, a hostilities-only unit raised in late 1940.
The new 7th RTR joined the 31st Tank Brigade in Normandy on 18 June 1944 and subsequently took part in heavy fighting in Operation Epsom. It participated in the capture of Le Havre and, while detached from its Brigade, it played an active part in the early days of the containment of Dunkirk.
In 1959, the 7th RTR was amalgamated with 4th Royal Tank Regiment. The regiment lives on as G Squadron, 1st Royal Tank Regiment (1RTR).


Clasp to the Iron Cross

The Clasp to the Iron Cross (Spange zum Eisernen Kreuz) was a white metal medal clasp displayed on the uniforms of German Wehrmacht personnel who had been awarded the Iron Cross in World War I, and who again qualified for the decoration in World War II.
During the war, over 100,000 clasps were awarded.
Description.
A holder of the 1914 Iron Cross could qualify for the same grade of the 1939 Iron Cross. To permit the two awards to be worn together, a "1939 Clasp" ("Spange") was established to be worn with the original 1914 Iron Cross. It depicted a national eagle clutching an oak leaf wreath surrounding a swastika above a trapezoid bearing the year "1939".
For the Second Class, the clasp was attached to the ribbon of the 1914 Iron Cross, either on a ribbon bar, or when the ribbon was worn through a tunic button hole. For the First Class, a larger but otherwise identical clasp was pinned directly on the upper breast pocket above the Iron Cross 1st class (1914) of the wearer. This pin-back clasp was usually awarded in a presentation case.
While Nazi era awards were initially banned by the Federal Republic of Germany, in 1957 many World War II military decorations, including the Iron Cross, were re-authorised for wear by qualifying veterans. With display of the swastika banned, the clasp to the Iron Cross was re-designed as a silver rectangular bar bearing the date '1939', with a miniature Iron Cross in the centre of the bar.


Old Army Headquarters, Colombo

The Old Army Headquarters refers to the former military headquarters complex of the Sri Lanka Army. Situated next to Galle Face Green and Baladaksha Mawatha (Lower Lake Road), the complex bordered the Beira Lake and had its main entrance at the Slave Island end of Baladaksha Mawatha, Colombo 3. The complex also included the Ministry of Defence buildings, located close to the Galle Face terminus of Baladaksha Mawatha. Apart from operational and administrative offices, it contained the centers of several regiments and corps of the Sri Lanka Army, as well as the Colombo Military Hospital and the army sports grounds.
With the plans to move the Ministry of Defence and Army Headquarters to the new Defence Headquarters Complex in Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, many of the units based there started moving out in 2012, releasing the land for commercial redevelopment which included the Shangri-La Hotel, Colombo and the larger One Galle Face development project.
History.
The base was founded by the British during their colonial rule of Ceylon, undergoing expansion during World War II, defending Colombo during the Easter Sunday Raid. Upon the post-independence formation of the Ceylon Army in 1949, the base began use as its headquarters in the late 1980s with many of the offices moving from old Rifle Barracks.
Terrorist attacks.
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) carried out two suicide bombings targeting the complex, the first being on November 24, 1995, when two female suicide bombers carried out an attack outside the headquarters, killing 16 and wounding 52- mostly civilians. The second occurred on April 25, 2006 when a female LTTE suicide bomber- disguised as a pregnant woman arriving for clinical treatment at the Colombo Military Hospital- targeted the motorcade of then-army commander Lieutenant General Sarath Fonseka. Although seriously wounded, Fonseka survived; the attack left 8 dead and 27 wounded. This prompted the decision to move the military hospital to a suburb of Colombo.
Demolition.
The complex was demolished in 2012 to make way for two major real estate projects at its location- Shangri La/One Colombo and ITC Colombo. A combined tri-forces headquarters at Akuregoda, Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte had been commissioned to house, among others, the displaced army administrative offices.


Raymond Bateman

Raymond H. "Ray" Bateman (October 29, 1927 – June 25, 2016) was an American politician, who represented Somerset County in the New Jersey Senate in the 1960s and 1970s and was the Republican candidate for Governor of New Jersey in 1977. He was the father of Christopher Bateman who now occupies the same Senate district he held.
Biography.
Bateman was born on October 29, 1927 in Somerville, New Jersey and was a lifelong resident of Somerset County. He graduated from Somerville High School in 1945 and Wesleyan University in 1950. He also was a veteran of the U.S. Army and attended the graduate program at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Political career.
He served as executive director of the Republican State Committee from 1954 to 1958. He entered the New Jersey General Assembly in November 1958, serving as the lone Assemblyman from Somerset County (at the time, Assembly districts were apportioned by counties' populations) going on to serve as assistant majority leader in 1964 and majority leader in 1965. Bateman sponsored the 1962 legislation that established New Jersey's county-based community college system. He was elected to the New Jersey Senate in 1967 and was reelected in 1971 from the 8th Legislative District which consisted of all of Somerset County. He served as assistant majority leader in 1968, majority leader in 1969, and Senate president and acting governor in 1970–1972. In 1973, following the reconfiguration of all legislative districts, he was elected to serve in the Senate from the 16th District consisting of most of Somerset County and portions of Hunterdon and Morris counties.
In 1977 Bateman won the Republican primary for Governor of New Jersey over Thomas Kean and two other candidates, but he lost in the general election to Brendan Byrne by a margin of 1,184,564 to 888,880 votes.
Bateman served as chairman of the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority. He resigned after a conflict with Governor of New Jersey Donald DiFrancesco in 2001 over construction of a new arena for the New Jersey Devils in Newark and plans for the proposed Xanadu complex.
Personal life.
He was married to Joan Speer Bateman until her death in 2003. They had five children: Caren, Raymond Jr. (a luger in the 1980 and 1984 Olympics, died 1990), Christopher, Michael, and Joan Anne. He died on June 25, 2016 at Morristown Memorial Hospital after a shoulder break and pneumonia. He is buried at the North Branch Reformed Church cemetery.


Vice-Admiral of Cumberland

The holder of the post Vice-Admiral of Cumberland was responsible for the defence of the county of Cumberland, England.
As a Vice-Admiral, the post holder was the chief of naval administration for his district. His responsibilities included pressing men for naval service, deciding the lawfulness of prizes (captured by privateers), dealing with salvage claims for wrecks and acting as a judge.
The earliest record of an appointment was of Reginald Beseley 1559–1563.
In 1863 the Registrar of the Admiralty Court stated that the offices had 'for many years been purely honorary' (HCA 50/24 pp. 235–6). Appointments were made by the Lord High Admiral when this officer existed. When the admiralty was in commission appointments were made by the crown by letters patent under the seal of the admiralty court.
Vice Admiral of Cumberland.
This is a list of people who have been Vice-Admiral of Cumberland.


26th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 26th Infantry Brigade was the name of two British Army formations during the First World War and Second World War.
First World War.
The 26th Brigade was formed in 1915 as part of Kitchener's Army of volunteers. It served on the Western Front throughout the war as part of the 9th (Scottish) Division, before being disbanded in 1919.
Second World War.
The brigade was initially formed as an organic part of the 9th (Highland) Infantry Division, itself a duplicate of the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division. When the 51st Highland Division was surrounded and forced to surrender during the Battle of France the 9th Division was renamed as the 51st Division. As part of these changes the 26th Infantry Brigade was redesignated as the 152nd Infantry Brigade on 7 August 1940.
On 6 April 1945 the 26th Indian Infantry Brigade was reformed as the 26th British Infantry Brigade, part of the 36th Infantry Division which was fighting in the Burma Campaign. This second brigade fought its way to Rangoon. After the reformation of the Territorial Army in 1947 it was active as an independent infantry brigade within Scottish Command for a period.


Olustee Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Olustee of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately.
District of East Florida.
BG Joseph Finegan


Second Winchester Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Second Battle of Winchester of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.
Second Division, VIII Corps.
MG Robert H. Milroy


30th Bavarian Reserve Division

The 30th Royal Bavarian Reserve Division ("30. Kgl. Bayerische Reserve-Division") was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was initially the Main Reserve, Fortress Strasbourg ("Hauptreserve/Festung Straßburg") and was designated the 30th Reserve Division ("30. Reserve-Division") from mobilization in August 1914. It was almost entirely made up of Bavarian units and thus, on December 26, 1916, it was renamed the 30th Royal Bavarian Reserve Division. It spent the war engaged in positional warfare in the Vosges mountains of France and the Alsace-Lorraine region.
On mobilization, the division comprised three brigades: the non-Bavarian "60. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade" ("Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 60, 99"), "3. bayerische Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade (4. und 15. bayerisches Reserve-Infanterie-Regimenten") and "10. bayerische Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade", together with divisional cavalry, artillery and pioneer components. On August 17, "5. bayerische Ersatz-Brigade" transferred into the division from the Bavarian Ersatz Division. By the end of August, "60. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade" had been broken up and its constituent regiments had left the division.
Order of Battle on August 18, 1914:
Order of Battle on January 1, 1918:


Imperial Main Headquarters

The Imperial Main Headquarters (, "Imperatorskaya Glavnaya kvartira") was an organization within the military administration of the Russian Empire that was tasked with carrying out the personal military commands from His Imperial Majesty.
History.
The Main Headquarters was established in early 1813 during the War of the Sixth Coalition against France, in connection with the arrival of Alexander I at the front. It was tasked with accompanying the emperor on campaigns, the management of the imperial retinue, and presenting reports on the military situation in the absence of the War Ministry. From 1826 until 1839 the role of commander of the Imperial Main Headquarters was combined with that of the commander of the Special Corps of Gendarmes. It later became an independent position. In 1832, within the Chancellery of the War Ministry was established the Military Campaign Chancellery of His Imperial Majesty. That organization was the main body of the headquarters. Two years later it was made a completely independent organization, and from 1856 until 1867 the roles of the commanders of the headquarters and of the Military Campaign Chancellery were combined. From 1867 the latter position was abolished and then from 1855 until 1881 within the headquarters there was also a personal chancellery of the Tsarevich (crown price). Commander of Main Headquarters once again became the overall head. In 1883 the Military Campaign Chancellery and the Directorate of the Imperial Main Headquarters were combined in to the Chancellery of the Imperial Main Headquarters, which itself in 1904 was renamed into the Military Campaign Chancellery of His Imperial Majesty, and in 1908—the Military Campaign Chancellery of His Imperial Majesty within the Imperial Main Headquarters. From 1908 until 1909, a separate Naval Campaign Chancellery of His Imperial Majesty existed within the organization. The Imperial Main Headquarters was dissolved in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.
Rank insignia Imperial Main Headquarter.
Examples of rank insignia to the dress uniform of Adjutant generals, 1894-1917


Narvik Shield

The Narvik Shield () was a World War II German military decoration awarded to all German forces that took part in the battles of Narvik between 9 April and 8 June 1940. It was instituted on 19 August 1940 by Adolf Hitler. The "Oberkommando der Wehrmacht" (OKW) published the order the same day. It was bestowed by General Eduard Dietl, the commander of Army Group Narvik.
The award was the first of a series of arm shield campaign awards. A total of 8,577 personnel received the award. Specifically: 2,755 to the army, 3,661 to the "Kriegsmarine", and 2,161 to the Luftwaffe.
Design.
Designed by Professor Dr. Richard Klein of Munich, the shield is narrow with a pointed base and, at its apex, has an eagle with down-swept wings clutching a laurel wreath that surrounds a swastika. Below this in capital letters is written NARVIK. The body of the shield features an edelweiss (representing the army mountain troops), an anchor (representing the "Kriegsmarine"), and propeller (for the Luftwaffe). The anchor and propeller are crossed, with the edelweiss placed at the top of the X. The numbers 19 and 40 appear at the top corners of the main body of the shield.
The shield was hollow backed and stamped from sheet metal which was usually zinc. The shield was awarded in two versions: silver-gray for the army and Luftwaffe, and a gilded (golden coloured) version for "Kriegsmarine". It was mounted on a cloth backing corresponding to the colour of the uniform, and worn on the upper left arm of the uniform.
1957 version.
In 1957, the Narvik Shield, along with many other German World War II military decorations, was reauthorized for wear by qualifying veterans. This included members of the Bundeswehr, who could wear the shield on the ribbon bar, represented by a small replica of the award on a field grey ribbon. The new version was re-designed to remove the Nazi eagle and swastika symbol from the top of the shield.


Task Force K-Bar

Task Force K-Bar, originally the Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force-South (CJSOTF-South), was led by the United States and composed of special operations forces from seven nations. It undertook the first major ground deployment in the War in Afghanistan (2001–present), operating from October 2001 to April 2002.
History.
Originally operating out of Oman's Masirah Air Base before deploying themselves directly in southeastern Afghanistan, K-Bar was under the command of then-Captain Robert Harward, a US Navy SEAL. Harward was full of praise for the troops under his command, and later stated that the Canadian Joint Task Force 2 team was his first choice for any direct action mission.
Task Force K-Bar was part of the Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force (CJSOTF), under the overall command of General Tommy Franks at CENTCOM. TF K-Bar was given the responsibility of southern Afghanistan and was commanded by Navy SEAL Captain Robert Harward and formed around SEAL Teams 2, 3 and 8 and operators from 3rd Battalion, 3rd Special Forces Group. The task force would primarily conduct SR and SSE missions – intelligence gathering at former enemy locations, some 3rd SFG ODAs were also given the Foreign Internal Defence and Unconventional Warfare role.
In January 2002, another series of caves was discovered in Zawar Kili, just south of Tora Bora. Airstrikes hit the sites before SOF teams were inserted into the area. A SEAL platoon from SEAL Team 3, including several of their Desert Patrol Vehicles, accompanied by a German KSK element and a Norwegian SOF team spent some nine days conducting an extensive site exploitation, clearing an estimated 70 caves and 60 structures in the area, recovering a huge amount of both intelligence and munitions, but they did not encounter any al-Qaeda fighters. In March 2002, ODAs from 3rd SFG took part in Operation Anaconda, teams from TF-K Bar and Task Force 64 (1 squadron Australian SAS Regiment) were inserted into a valley in the area of operations and were tasked with establishing their own observation posts which "had to be tenable, afford good reconnaissance and cover the identified escape routes or 'rat lines' into Pakistan" according to one of the US planners.
In total, K-Bar ran 42 reconnaissance and surveillance missions, and an unreported number of combat missions that resulted in the capture of 107 Afghans and the deaths of at least 115.
In 2004, the units participating in Task Force K-Bar were each awarded the Presidential Unit Citation by George W. Bush for their service in Afghanistan. The Task Force was composed of U.S. Navy SEALs, Special warfare combatant-craft crewmen, U.S. Army Special Forces, U.S. Air Force Combat Controllers, and coalition special operations forces from Canada, Norway, Denmark, Germany, New Zealand and Turkey. The task force comprised approximately 2,800 troops, 1,300 operating in Afghanistan and another 1,500 based throughout the theater of operations.
In a recent book released in Norwegian about the special forces of Norway, US admiral Robert Harward praised the Norwegian contributions; "" I can attest to the fact that the Norwegian special operators were absolutely critical to the success of our operations. They came to the fight with specialized skill sets for operating in mountain and arctic climates that enabled the survival and effectiveness of the entire coalition of special operators. Just as important, was the planning and staff experience the Norwegian SOF proved to the operational expertise of the entire Task Force effort. As a direct result of their partnership, our unit was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation, the highest honor the United States bestows on a military unit for which President George W. Bush personally delivered the award"."


Padgospan

Padgospan (also spelled Padghospan, Padhuspan and Baduspan) was a high-ranking office in the late Sasanian era, which functioned as the lieutenant of the "spahbed" (marshal).


Military ranks of Turkmenistan

The Military ranks of Turkmenistan are the military insignia used by the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan. Being a former Soviet state, Turkmenistan shares a rank structure similar to that of Russia.
Commissioned officers.
The rank insignia for commissioned officers.
Enlisted.
The rank insignia for enlisted personnel.


Outlaw (comics)

Outlaw is the name of two different fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
The first Outlaw named Nigel Higgins is England's version of Punisher that first appeared in "Punisher" Vol. 2 #64 and was created by Dan Abnett, Andy Lanning, and Douglas Braithwaite.
The second Outlaw named Inez Temple was created by Gail Simone for the series "Deadpool" and "Agent X". She is a mutant with the ability of superhuman strength and an uncanny aptitude with firearms.
Fictional character biography.
Nigel Higgins.
Nigel Higgins is a man living in England who gets inspired by Punisher's activities that causes him to become the British version of Punisher called Outlaw. At the time when Kingpin planned to use the English channel to gather the European crime families into a united crime syndicate, Outlaw was the main contact for Punisher and Microchip.
During the "Suicide Run" crossover, Outlaw hears about Punisher's death and heads to the United States of America to investigate. When Punisher was found to be alive in the small town of Laastekist, Outlaw got mixed in with every copycat, ally, and villain that were converging on the location.
As part of the "All-New, All-Different Marvel" brand, Outlaw has left the vigilante business upon regretting if he should let bad guys live or not. Upon moving to New Yorkshire, Outlaw assumed the alias of "Neil Hibbs." His normal life was short-lived when he is chosen by Collector to partake in the "Contest of Champions" against his will at the Battlerealm. As part of Collector's team, Outlaw survived every battle. When Collector's right-hand man Maestro of Earth-69413 betrays Collector and takes the Iso-Sphere, Outlaw witnesses this action as Maestro becomes the new ruler of a reassembled Battleworld. Outlaw and the other contestants were defeated by Maestro as the two-presumed dead contestants Stick and Sentry of Earth-1611 appeared to cut Maestro's victory short. Upon getting hold of the Iso-Sphere, Outlaw used its powers to have Maestro contained somewhere, the other contestants to return to whichever place they want, and for the Iso-Sphere to shatter. Upon returning to England with the Earth-616 contestants, Outlaw had also wished for those he had killed to be returned to life. Outlaw then returned to the superhero business where he helps those in need instead of punishing the guilty.
During the "Secret Empire" storyline, Outlaw appears as a member of the Champions of Europe. The group, alongside Squirrel Girl and Enigma, successfully drives off the violent Hydra forces that had tried to claim Paris, France.
Inez Temple.
Inez Temple was born in Texas and as a child she was bullied by other children, who called her "Crazy Inez". This nickname still enrages Inez. Due to her mutant strength, she was far stronger than her peers and beat them whenever they bullied her, but her father taught her to be responsible with her powers. She is a descendant of Lance Temple, who was also known as the Wild West gunman The Outlaw Kid.
When she grew up, she became a mercenary, covering her hair with a long, blonde wig and even had breast augmentation surgery. She encountered Deadpool several times and flirted with him, but the two never really got a chance to hit it off. Outlaw was called in as a shooting instructor for Alex Hayden aka Agent X. They were both hired shortly afterwards to steal the Punisher's Colt .45 handguns and despite being competitors, they started a romantic relationship. They failed to steal the Punisher's guns and were locked up in a phone booth minus their weapons and clothes by Castle. The Punisher then killed the people who had sent them. After that Outlaw started to work with Agent X. When Alex announced his plans to set up a special agency for mercenaries, known as Agency X, she had to disappoint him though; her father had taken ill and she went back to Texas to be with him.
She returned after her father died and discovered that in her absence Alex had had an affair with his secretary Sandi Brandenberg. Her rage vanished when she saw that Alex was being attacked by the Black Swan. Black Swan called Outlaw "Crazy Inez" and in a fit of rage, Outlaw punched straight through his torso. This wasn't enough to kill Black Swan though and together with Taskmaster and Sandi, they defeated the Black Swan. Outlaw and Alex continued their relationship (as did Sandi and Taskmaster). She aided Alex Hayden with his mercenary company, Agency X, but with the end of the "Agent X" series, she disappeared from the limelight.
After Decimation, she was one of the few mutants to retain her powers. Heeding Cyclops's call for sanctuary, Outlaw went to the X-Mansion for protection and ran into Peepers along the way who was on the run from the Sapien League and battling their leader, the Leper Queen. She becomes one of the 198, and was bunking with Magma and Skids. She struck a rather friendly relationship with Magma; listening when Magma complains about Empath always following her and never leaving her alone even in her dreams.
When a group of superheroes known as the New Warriors accidentally blow up a town causing the general public to turn on superheroes and eventually ignite a superhero civil war. Domino, Shatterstar and Caliban break out the 198 and take them to a bunker in the middle of the desert. They get sealed inside with nuclear weapons and are activated for self-detonation. Outside the X-Men get involved with a fight against Bishop and the O*N*E and Domino wants to help them. Lorelei Travis notices that Cyclops is being controlled by Johnny Dee and recounts the story of the first few days at the 198 encampment. Outlaw is then used by Johnny Dee along with other mutants to attack Domino and Shatterstar. After holding Domino at gunpoint, Toad snaps her out of it. They are all freed from the bunker by combined X-Men, Avengers and military forces. Outlaw takes a leadership role throughout the crisis.
Outlaw was later kidnapped, bound and gagged along with Sandi Brandenberg by T-Ray, one of Deadpool's nemeses. Deadpool swiftly rescued them, seemingly killing T-Ray by skewering his head with his sword. The two were reunited with a now-obese Agent X, after being experimented on by HYDRA, and ended up under Deadpool's employ after being tentatively appointed head of Agency X by Hayden. Outlaw and Sandi then joined Weasel to help bring Deadpool and Bob: Agent of HYDRA back to the present day, after Weasel accidentally transported the two to World War II. After they were restored, the two stayed with the Fantastic Four, allegedly to play cards.
After being critically wounded from a fight with the Punisher, Deadpool comes to Outlaw for assistance. She reveals that she and Agent X are no longer in a relationship. Deadpool later returns and remodels her house after it is destroyed during a fight with the Punisher. She then sleeps with Deadpool after seeing that he actually cares for her.
Recently Outlaw has been seen on the mutant island of Utopia. During Second Coming, after the dome is set and the Nimrods arrive, Cyclops gathers mutants, including Inez, and delivers a speech saying that it's everyone's time to fight, today they are all combatants, today they are all X-Men.
Powers and abilities.
The Nigel Higgins version of Outlaw has exceptional skills with firearms.
The Inez Temple version of Outlaw has some degree of superhuman strength, the exact limits of which aren't known. However, she can punch through brick walls with ease. The tissues of her body are somewhat more resistant to physical injury than that of an ordinary human. However, she is far from invulnerable and can be injured by weapons composed of conventional materials or with sufficient force, much like an ordinary human. Nonetheless she can withstand high caliber bullets without them penetrating, though she isn't totally impervious to them. In at least one instance after being shot with .45 caliber bullet from a moderate distance, Inez sustained no more injury other than some bruises. If injured, Outlaw is capable of healing herself somewhat faster from minor injuries than an ordinary human. Apart from her mutant powers, Outlaw has exceptional skills with firearms and with a lasso.
Alternate versions.
Deadpool Pulp.
In re-imagining of Deadpool set during the McCarthy era, the Inez Temple version of Outlaw is a fugitive from the United States after she is accused of stealing atomic bomb equipment.
Deadpool MAX.
In this version, Outlaw is an insane asylum patient with dissociative multiple personality disorder with whom Deadpool has a brief relationship. She first poses as a psychiatrist to lure Deadpool there in order to extract his organs for illegal donations at the behest of a hospital doctor, but develops feelings for him and helps him escape. Later on, she reappears as Domino, asking Deadpool to elope with her as she reveals to be pregnant with his baby; however, the pregnancy is soon revealed to be fake and, through the trust of a Deadpool in denial, she assumes an appearance similar to Black Widow under the name "Honey Moon", in which Deadpool has her committed to the asylum again. She is seen later still as a Mrs. Claus-styled dominatrix called "Santa Clawz", with delusions of wanting to destroy Christmas by giving guns to children and forcing other inmates to make the weapons; only all they can do is draw guns on papers, and Deadpool and Bob quickly talk her down again. Her "Outlaw" persona only appears in flashbacks told by Agent X, another inmate whom she trained and asked to go after Bob and Deadpool for the US$ 10 million bounty on their heads.


Second Deep Bottom Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Second Battle of Deep Bottom (Aug 13-20, 1864) during the Petersburg campaign of the American Civil War. Order of battle is compiled from the official tabulation of casualties and includes only units which sustained casualties.
Army of the Potomac.
II Corps.
MG Winfield S. Hancock
Army of the James.
X Corps.
MG David B. Birney


Prairie Grove Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Prairie Grove of the American Civil War on December 7, 1862, in Washington County, Arkansas. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.
Army of the Frontier.
MG James G. Blunt


Vice President of Biafra


75th Regiment of Foot (Invalids)

The 75th Regiment of Foot (Invalids) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1762 to 1768. It was originally raised as a regiment of invalids in June 1762, by John Lind, and numbered the 118th Foot; it was renumbered as the 75th the following year, and disbanded in 1768 or 1769.


No-Conscription Fellowship

The No-Conscription Fellowship was a British pacifist organization which was founded in London by Fenner Brockway and Clifford Allen on 27 November 1914, after the First World War had failed to reach an early conclusion. Other prominent supporters included John Clifford, Bruce Glasier, Bertrand Russell, Robert Smillie and Philip Snowden.
A focus of the campaign was the Military Service Act which introduced conscription in 1916. Branches were established across the country, leaflets were produced and deputations sent to lobby Parliament. They were successful in getting provision for conscientious objectors in the bill, but opposed the establishment of the army's Non-Combatant Corps.
The founders and other members were jailed for their opposition to conscription. Bertrand Russell took over from Clifford Allen as the chairman of the organisation while Catherine Marshall took over from Fenner Brockway as secretary. Marshall was in love with Clifford Allen and, when he was suffering from the effects of imprisonment, she drove herself to the point of exhaustion and Lilla Brockway then resumed the role of secretary in 1917, as she had been provisional secretary in 1916. The National Committee in 1916 was A. Barratt Brown, Alfred Salter, Aylmer Rose, Bertrand Russell, C.H. Norman, Catherine Marshall, Clifford Allen, Edward Grubb, Fenner Brockway, John P. Fletcher, Morgan Jones, Rev. Leyton Richards, Will Chamberlain.
The Scottish organisation was led by Marjory Newbold, whose husband Walton became a Communist MP.
Branches were established across the country and the first national convention was held on 27 November 1915 at the Congregational Memorial Hall. The second convention was held the following year on 8 April at Devonshire House — a Quaker meeting place in Bishopsgate. Beatrice Webb, who was pro-war, recorded the occasion in her diary,
From March 1916 the NCF published "The Tribunal". In an effort to suppress this publication, the police raided the National Labour Press and dismantled the printing press. However the NCF had a secret press and were able to continue publishing.
Historian Thomas Kennedy says that during the last two years of the war, the NCF remained a:


Yorktown order of battle

The Siege of Yorktown was the culminating act of the Yorktown campaign, a series of military operations occupying much of 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. The siege was a decisive Franco-American victory: after the surrender of British Lt. Gen. Charles, Earl Cornwallis on October 17, the government of Lord North fell, and its replacement entered into peace negotiations that resulted in British recognition of American independence with the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
The siege involved land forces from the United States, including the Continental Army and state militias, as well as land forces under French and British command. The British forces included a large number of troops from various German principalities of the Holy Roman Empire that were collectively known as Hessians. Since Yorktown, Virginia was specifically selected by Cornwallis for its properties as a deep-water port, both sides had naval support as well: the British forces included some Royal Navy vessels, and the Franco-American allies were supported by a large French fleet, some of whose marines were landed to assist in siege operations. German historians have noted that approximately one third of all the land forces involved were either hired or recruited from German states, or were German immigrants to America; this has led the siege to be known in German historiography as "die Deutsche Schlacht" ("the German battle").
The following units and commanders of the British, American, and French forces fought in the Siege of Yorktown, or provided significant local support.
British Army.
The British Army forces present at Yorktown arrived in Virginia in four separate detachments. The first was sent from New York City in December 1780 under the command of the turncoat Brigadier General Benedict Arnold. The second was sent from New York in March 1781 under the command of Major General William Phillips to reinforce Arnold after a Franco-American threat. The third detachment to arrive was that of General Cornwallis, who had been active in the Carolinas and, following the Battle of Guilford Court House on March 15, decided to join forces with Arnold and Phillips. This was contrary to instructions from his superior, Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton, British Commander-in-Chief in North America. He arrived at Petersburg, Virginia in late May to take command of the troops there; Phillips had died of a fever just a week before, and Arnold returned to New York not long after Cornwallis arrived. While at Petersburg, Cornwallis was joined by a fourth detachment from New York that was under the command of the Hessian Colonel August von Voigt.
With this force, numbering about 7,200, Cornwallis first chased after the army of the Marquis de Lafayette, a much smaller force of Continental Army and local militiamen that had provided some resistance to the movements of Phillips and Arnold. Cornwallis was eventually ordered by General Clinton to establish a fortified deep-water port at either Yorktown or Portsmouth. Cornwallis chose Yorktown, and began constructing fortifications there and Gloucester Point, just across the York River from Yorktown, in August 1781.
British Forces.
Commander, Lt. Gen. Charles, Earl Cornwallis, commanding
American army.
The American forces that opposed Cornwallis at Yorktown also arrived in Virginia at different times, since most of the detachments were made in reaction to the British movements. After Arnold was sent to Virginia, Major General George Washington, the American commander-in-chief, in January 1781 sent the Marquis de Lafayette to Virginia with 900 men. He was to be followed promptly by troops from the Pennsylvania Line under the command of Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, but Wayne did not arrive in Virginia until June. Lafayette's force included a substantial number of Virginia militia, and he shadowed Cornwallis during the movements that ended at Yorktown, with a skirmish at Spencer's Ordinary and a larger battle at Green Spring being their only significant encounters.
The main Continental Army of General Washington was at first stationed outside New York City, which Washington hoped to besiege with the assistance of the French army. However, word from Admiral Paul de Grasse of the French West Indies fleet would sail north to assist in operations on the Chesapeake Bay convinced Washington that action was best taken against Cornwallis's army in Virginia. Accordingly, the American and French armies set out in mid-August for Virginia. Some troops went overland the entire way; others were transported on the Chesapeake by ships of the French Navy. Washington arrived in Lafayette's camp before Yorktown on September 17.
French Army.
The French forces at Yorktown came from two separate sources. The larger force, the Expédition Particulière, under the command of Lieutenant General the Comte de Rochambeau, landed at Newport, Rhode Island in 1780, and marched overland to join Washington's army outside New York in the summer of 1781. These troops marched with Washington's army from New York to Yorktown. More of the French troops were transported by boat on the Chesapeake than Americans, due to the French fleet commanders' preferences for transporting their own. The second source for French troops was the Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti), where Admiral de Grasse picked up more than 3,000 troops under the command of Major General Claude-Anne de Rouvroy de Saint Simon before departing for North America. The land forces were also supplemented by a number of marines provided by de Grasse in support of the siege.
The French order of battle is listed below.


26th Hussars

The 26th Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army from 1941 to 1943.
The regiment was raised at Meerut in June 1941 from a cadre of personnel taken from the 14th/20th King's Hussars and assigned to the 2nd Indian Armoured Brigade. It was later moved to the 255th Indian Armoured Brigade at Sialkot.
Its badge was based on the Prussian eagle borne by the 14th/20th (but with the orb and sceptre reversed) with the addition of the regimental number on a scroll underneath.
It was disbanded at Bolarum, near Secunderabad, in October 1943. Some of the personnel were transferred to the 3rd Carabiniers, but the majority joined the Chindits force under Orde Wingate.


49th Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 49th Brigade was a formation of British Army. It was part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army. It was assigned to the 16th (Irish) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War.


Carey Baker

Carey Baker (born March 16, 1963) is an American politician currently serving as the Property Appraiser for Lake County, Florida. He is a former Republican member of the Florida Legislature. Baker served as the State Representative for the 25th District of the Florida House of Representatives from 2000–2004 and served as the State Senator for the 20th District of the Florida Senate from 2004–2010.
Baker is also the owner of the A.W. Peterson Gun Shop and a retired First Sergeant in the Florida Army National Guard. He was the first state or federal elected official to serve in Operation Iraqi Freedom while also holding elected office.
Early life, education, and personal life.
Baker was born and raised in Eustis. He is the son of former State Representative Leighton Baker. Baker's family has owned the A.W. Peterson Gun Shop since 1952. When Baker was 18 years old, he joined the family business and still operates it today. Baker graduated from Tavares High School and attended Lake–Sumter Community College.
Baker resides with his wife, Lori, and their three children in Eustis.
Military service.
Baker joined the Florida Army National Guard while still in high school.
In 2003, while a member of the Florida House of Representatives, Baker was deployed to Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Baker served as First Sergeant of Alpha Company, 2nd Battalion, 124th Infantry Regiment, which was assigned to protect a logistic base near Balad. The area, north of Baghdad, is located in the Sunni Triangle, one of the most dangerous areas in Iraq. During his deployment, Baker faced numerous close calls: in one instance, a mortar round hit a bus full of soldiers. The base Baker was stationed at was under constant attack by mortar fire and rocket fire. On his last day of deployment, a missile landed in the camp but did not explode.
He was the first state or federal elected official to serve in Operation Iraqi Freedom while also holding elected office. Baker's colleagues in the House tied a yellow ribbon around his chair on the House floor, which remained in place until he returned. In 2004, the Florida Legislature unanimously passed House Bill 1757, the Carey Baker Freedom Flag Act. This act amended Florida law to require that every classroom in any public K-20 educational institution must display the American flag on a daily basis. The flag must be made in the United States and must be properly displayed in accordance with United States Code. The law mandated that the required flags be displayed in each classroom no later than August 1, 2005.
In 2007, Baker was part of a thirteen-member team of Florida Army National Guardsmen sent to train soldiers from former Soviet Union satellite countries.
During his military career, Baker graduated from numerous military courses and schools, including the U.S. Army Jungle Operation School and the U.S. Army Pathfinder School. He retired in 2013, after serving over thirty-one years and attaining the rank of First Sergeant.
Political career.
In 2000, a record 83 incumbent state legislators were forced to retire due to term-limits added to the Florida Constitution by 77 percent of the voters in 1992. Included in this group was Representative Stan Bainter of Eustis, causing the House District 25 seat to be open for the first time since 1986. The 25th House District included southwest Marion County, east Lake County, northwest Seminole County and west Volusia County.
Baker ran for the Republican nomination, defeating Betty Hensinger, a Lake County businesswoman, in the primary election. In the November general election, he defeated DeBary Democrat Rick Dwyer, a computer consultant, to secure election to the Florida House of Representatives. Baker was subsequently reelected to the House in 2002 without opposition. While serving in the Florida House of Representatives, Baker served as the Vice Chair of the Juvenile Justice Committee (2001–2002), Co-Chair of the Agriculture & Environment Appropriations Sub-Committee (2003–2004) and served on the Fiscal Policy and Resources Committee (2001–2002), Insurance Committee (2001–2002) and the Workforce and Technical Skills Committee (2001–2002).
In 2004, Anna Cowin, the Leesburg Republican who held the 20th District State Senate Seat, announced that she would not seek re-election to her seat and instead would run for Lake County Superintendent of Schools. Baker announced his intention to run for the Senate seat and won the 2004 special election. He was re-elected to full terms in 2006 and 2008. The 20th Senate district includes parts of Marion, Sumter, Lake, Volusia and Seminole counties. While serving in the Florida Senate, he served as Chairman of the Senate Government Operations Committee and on the Senate Transportation Committee, Senate Agriculture Committee, and Senate General Government Appropriation Committee.
In 2012, Baker narrowly defeated long-time incumbent Ed Havill for the position of Property Appraiser of Lake County, Florida, and ran unopposed in 2016. In 2014, Baker was elected president of the Florida Association of Property Appraisers.
Legislative activities.
In 2003, Baker introduced HB 805, which expanded Florida's private school voucher program to the families of military personnel. As Baker was deployed to Iraq, Frank Attkisson presented the bill on Baker's behalf. The bill passed 74–42.
In 2004, Baker passed legislation designating an eight-mile stretch of State Road 50, from Mascotte to Stuckey, the "Eric Ulysses Ramirez Highway". Ramirez was a 1991 graduate of Mount Dora High School, serving in the National Guard. He was killed on February 12, 2004, in Iraq. He was 31 years old.
In 2006, Baker passed the Justin McWilliams Act into law. The legislation closed a "legal loophole" in the Florida statutes, applying the State Uniform Traffic Rules to private property.
In 2007, Baker filed a bill to established a sales tax holiday, from June 1 through 12, 2007, exempting taxes on hurricane preparedness items. The holiday was expected to save Floridians almost $25 million in 2007 alone.
Baker first introduced legislation to ban texting while driving in 2007. Baker filed the bill after tractor-trailer driver Reinaldo Gonzalez slammed into a school bus while he was on his phone, killing a 13-year-old girl. The legislation died in committee. In 2010, while serving as Chairman of the Senate Transportation Committee, Baker filed SB 324 and SB 326, which would have banned anyone younger than 18 years of age from writing or sending a text message on an electronic communications device while operating a motor vehicle, but it died in committee.
In 2009, Baker was named "Senator of the Year" by the Florida Fraternal Order of Police.
In 2010, Baker introduced SJR 72, the Health Care Freedom Act. The act placed an initiative on the ballot that would have banned any laws requiring people to participate in a health care system. The bill passed the Senate and House and was placed on the ballot as Amendment 9. On July 29, 2010, Leon County Circuit Judge James Shelfer said the measure was misleading and could confuse voters. The Florida Supreme Court upheld the lower court's ruling on August 31, 2010.


Sith Eternal


General Staff Building (Ankara)

The General Staff Building (), opened in 1929, the design is owned by Clemens Holzmeister, the administrative building of the Turkish Armed Forces in Çankaya, Ankara.
History.
The Chief of Staff, operating in Ankara Ziraat Mektebi, sought to donate one Turkish farmer's field upon the search for a new headquarters building. However, with the order of the Chief of General Staff Marshal Fevzi Çakmak, the field was purchased at a rate of 5 kuruşs per square meter.
Architecture.
One of the first state constructions in the State District, the pavilions of the building offer a massive and plain appearance with square windows equally spaced on all surfaces. The "H" -shaped building has softened the sharp, right-angled image of the building's section in the form of a half-cylinder in front of the part of the entrance that emerges with high stairs. Half-cylinder spaces that are not present at the ends of the wings extending forward on both sides of the entrance and forming the arms of the "H" are included in the design for the same purpose. The flat cover conceals the sloping cover behind the impressive facades.
The General Staff Headquarters and National Defense Headquarters serving in separate buildings were connected to each other in 1959. An additional building was built in 1970 when the existing building could not meet the needs.


Edward F. Sands

Edward F. Sands, (born Edward Fitzgerald Snyder, April 4, 1894 - ?), also known as Edward Fitzwilliam Strathmore and Jazz, was a suspect in the murder of Hollywood director William Desmond Taylor on February 1, 1922.
Biography.
Edward Sands had been employed as Taylor's personal assistant, serving as cook and valet. Although he was born in Ohio, he spoke with an affected English accent (screen star Mary Miles Minter referred to him as a "cockney"). Taylor left Sands in charge of his affairs during a vacation in 1921 and returned to find Sands gone and several of the director's possessions missing including his car, checkbook, a large supply of distinctive cigarettes and jewelry. Sands had cashed several blank checks left by Taylor and, using the stolen checkbook, began forging Taylor's signature.
A few months later Taylor received a letter from Sands which included a pawn ticket in the name of "William Deane Tanner" (Taylor's birth name), indicating that Sands knew Taylor's true identity, which Taylor had kept secret since his arrival in Hollywood eight years earlier. Sands seems to have returned clandestinely. One of the distinctive stolen cigarettes was found (smoked and crushed) on Taylor's doorstep and footprints were left on Taylor's bed. Some more of Taylor's jewelry was stolen and receipts were found showing Sands had sold the items in northern California.
Disappearance.
An eyewitness reported seeing someone leaving Taylor's bungalow around the time he was murdered, but her description does not fully match Sands' appearance. The police considered Sands a strong suspect, but never issued a warrant for his arrest in connection with the murder. Sands reportedly quit a job in northern California and disappeared the day of the murder. Subsequent investigations turned up evidence he had likely been arrested previously for petty crimes and had apparently deserted from the United States Coast Guard. Sands was never found.


The Rings of Ikiria

The Rings of Ikiria is a Big Finish Productions audiobook based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". The Companion Chronicles "talking books" are each narrated by one of the Doctor's companions and feature a second, guest-star voice along with music and sound effects.
Plot.
An investigation into crop circles leads the Third Doctor, the Brigadier and UNIT into an encounter with a beautiful alien gifting golden rings. As UNIT and even the Doctor are put under her spell, Mike Yates finds himself an outcast amogst his closest allies, and the only hope for mankind against its latest threat.
Critical reception.
"Doctor Who Magazine" reviewer Matt Michael found the play to be an excellent examination of the character of Mike Yates.


2nd Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 2nd Armoured Brigade was an armoured brigade of the British Army, part of the pre-war Regular Army, during the Second World War, originally titled 2nd Light Armoured Brigade.
History.
The 2nd Armoured Brigade was part of the 1st Armoured Division when it was sent as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) to France in 1940. It was evacuated from Brest without its heavy equipment.
After being reformed it was sent in November 1941 to North Africa where it served with the 7th Armoured Division at Gazala, El Alamein and with the 1st Armoured Division in the Tunisia Campaign and Italian Campaign.


Marching regiment

A regiment de marche (roughly 'marching regiment' in English) is a French temporary (provisional not permanent), regiment created for a specific campaign or other military purpose.
Clayton describes a "batallion de marche" as comprising the 'fit trained personnel' of all the battalions from a two to three battalion regiment. This creation of a provisional unit may be undertaken because of manpower shortages on mobilisation if new drafts of conscripts and volunteers had not yet arrived.
Marching battalions may also be created from:
Other designations used are marching battalions () or Marching Squadrons (), or marching brigades comprising several regiments.
History.
The concept of marching units was used throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in the French Army and its associated military systems.
Under the First French Empire, the designation of Provisional Regiment was used to identify a regiment created by levies from different regular units, or from garrison troops. In the 20th century however only the term "regiment de marche" continued to be used.
Early "Unites de marche" of the French Army.
The first marching regiments appeared during the Napoleonic Wars. The Spanish War () saw heavy casualties amongst the regular French units involved and in 1808 Napoleon I authorised the creation of marching regiments to replace these losses.
Napoleon I designated "provisional regiments" for specific assignments as well as "marching regiments" intended for deployment outside France. These ad hoc units might also be used to bring metropolitan garrisons up to strength.
It was in 1812, during the Russian Campaign (), that the concept of marching regiments became general.
As examples:
During the retreat from Moscow, marching regiments were constituted to bring back scattered detachments from fragmented corps to their respective units of origin.
Spanish expedition and siege of Algiers.
During the Spanish Expedition () in April 1832, a number of depot units were sent to Spain under the designation of Provisionary Regiments
Later, during the expedition of 1830 and the siege of Algiers (), Marching Regiments were created and embarked. Général Étienne Alexandre Bardin () explained in his "Dictionary of the French Army" that these marching regiments were used because the under strength light infantry units could only provide two formed battalions of veteran chasseurs.
During this period, opinions differed in respect of the effectiveness of employing marching regiments. The administrator Pierre Agathange Audier recommended the practice in his "Study course of military administration" published in 1824. However, Général Étienne Alexandre Bardin expressed the contrary view that "If in the course of a major war and during distant operations we are forced to resort to this method of reinforcing the army, the practice is administratively deplorable".
Overseas and foreign campaigns of the Second French Empire.
Expeditions undertaken in Algeria, Russia, Mexico and Italy during the Second French Empire made use of marching regiments.
Crimean War.
Marching regiments drawn from units of the French Army of Africa were engaged from 1854 to 1856 in the Crimean War.
French intervention in Mexico.
The French expeditionary corps which disembarked in Mexico () on 8 January 1862 consisted initially of the "1st Marching Regiment" plus 2,000 men of the 1st Marine Infantry Regiment (1erRIMa) and the 2nd Marine Infantry Regiment (2e RIMa).
The same year, reinforcements were received from the "2nd Marching Cavalry Regiment" (Lieutenant-Colonel Jean-Auguste Margueritte), which was composed of two squadrons drawn from the "12th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment" plus two squadrons taken from the "3rd African Chasseurs Regiment".
Franco-German war of 1870.
The disaster of the Franco-Prussian War () led the French to create in urgency numerous marching regiments.
End of the Second French Empire.
The "13th Army Corps" () (général Vinoy () was formed in August 1870 at Paris. The Marching Regiments of this corps were constituted of three depot battalions belonging to different regiments with recruits or recalled veteran soldiers.
Beginning of the Third French Republic.
Siege of Paris.
Following the disaster of Sedan (), a national defense government () proclaimed on 4 September 1870 the Third French Republic and the decline of Emperor Napoleon III (). The 14th Army Corps (général Renault ()) was formed accordingly in the entrenched camp of Paris. The battalions in depot had already deployed, and the only available units left were a company of each deployed regiment, in charge of receiving soldiers recalled for service. Accordingly, the available companies were doubled. These demi-companies were supposed to form the regiment of the 14th Corps. Each new regiment accordingly consisted of eighteen different company corps.
Excluding these two army corps, a "Zouaves Marching Regiment" was formed from divers units, the "28th Marching Regiment" () with the depot of the Imperial Guard of the Second Empire (), the "36th Marching Regiment" (), the "37th Marching Regiment" (), the "38th Marching Regiment" (), and the "39th Marching Regiment" () with the depots which remained in Paris.
Army of the East.
In December 1870, the different army corps of the Army of the east () of général de division Bourbaki were reinforced by marching regiments.
The "15th Army Corps" of général de division Martineau des Chenez received:
The "18th Army Corps" of général de division Billot received:
The "20th Army Corps" of général de division Clinchant received:
The "24th Army Corps" of général de division Bressolles received:
The "General Reserve" of French Navy Capitaine de frigate Pallu de la Barrière () received:
World War I.
Less than a year from the beginning of first world war, the government decided on 25 January 1912, to constitute 40 Marching Battalions, as in 2 Marching Battalion by military region. They were formed of new recruits, reserve soldiers in the depot of garrisons and the wounded medically refit for service.
Marching Regiments were equally created from the troupes d'Afrique (), such as the 4th Marching Tirailleurs Regiment.
The 1st Foreign Regiment 1er RE of Sidi Bel-Abbès and the 2nd Foreign Regiment 2e RE of Saida, garrisoned in Algeria, mounted four demi-battalions destined constitute the principal formations of the future regiments:
The Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion (RMLE) was created on 11 November 1915 by fusion of the 2nd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment (2eRM 1erRE) and the 2nd Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment (2eRM 2e RE). The "Marching Regiment" participated to Battle of the Somme () in 1916 and to Second Battle of the Marne () in 1918.
Whilst the Foreign Legion's battalions de marche are the most renowned in WW1, other troop types were similarly grouped, such as the "1er Régiment de Marche d’Infanterie Colonial du Maroc" associated with the Moroccan Division (France). In Palestine, the Détachement Français de Palestine et de Syrie comprised such a regiment of Tirailleurs Algériens and of Armenian volunteers in the Légion d'Orient.
The first "Régiment de Marche d’Afrique" was made up of two troop types of the Armée d'Afrique, its first two battalions formed of Zouaves and its third of Foreign Legionnaires. The second regiment was formed solely of Zouaves. Both units were in the Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient and saw combat in the Gallipoli campaign.
World War II.
On the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, a "Marching Regiment" was constituted from the three battalions of the "146th Fortress Infantry Regiment" (), the "156th Fortress Infantry Regiment" (), and the "160th Fortress Infantry Regiment" (), to participate in the Saar Offensive (). This "Marching Regiment" penetrated Germany through the woods of Warndt, then received an order to retreat following the capitulation of Poland.
At the same time, Marching Regiments of the French Foreign Legion were constituted to gather foreigners wishing to serve in the French Army. Accordingly, 5,000 Ukrainian volunteers who did not want to serve in either the Polish or Soviet forces, enlisted in the 21st, 22nd and 23rd Marching Regiments of Foreign Volunteers (RMVE).
Following the Armistice of 22 June 1940 (), the African units which rallied to Free France () were organized by général de Gaulle in "Marching Battalions" principally in the 1st Free French Division (). The 1st Marching Regiment of Moroccan Spahis (), created on 24 September 1942, was the first "Marching Regiment" of Free France. The "Marching Regiment of Tchad", created in July 1943 from the Senegalese Tirailleurs of Tchad, was the first "Regiment" of Free France, and illustrated capability at Kufra () until Germany. Due to these "Faits d'armes", this regiment was the only marching regiment which was not dissolved after the Liberation and which still is active under the respective designation.
From 1 July 1943 until 1 July 1945, the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment 3e REI had been designated as Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion (RMLE) which was the original designation for the latter from 15 November 1915 until 15 November 1920.
First Indochina War.
In May 1945, the French Foreign Legion started the creation of a régiment de marche to be sent to re-occupy Indochina; their training and administrative base at Sidi-bel-Abbès, sixty miles south of Oran in northwest Algeria. During the Indochina war, the Legion's strength would reach 30,000 men.
Other armies Marching Units.
Austria-Hungary.
The Austro-Hungarian Army made use of "marching units" during World War I. The "Marching Battalions" were regrouped in "Marching Regiments", and two marching regiments formed the "Marching Brigade".
Germany.
Grand Duchy of Baden.
In 1808 the Grand Duchy of Baden, created in 1806 under the impulsion of Napoleon I, contributed a "combined infantry regiment" for service alongside the French in the Peninsular War. In 1809 it became the "Linien-Infantry-Regiment N°4".
Electorate of Bavaria.
During the Battle of Hohenlinden in December 1800 the Bavarian Corps, serving alongside the Austro-Hungarian Army against the French, had a "Combined Light Horse Regiment" consisting of six squadrons. Such was one of the first appearances of this type of regiment.
Kingdom of Prussia.
In 1812, the auxiliary corps of the Kingdom of Prussia was essentially formed of "combined regiments" composed of battalions or squadrons issued from the different regiments.
Once peace prevailed again, Prussia continued deploying combined regiments during grand maneuvers. Accordingly, during the grand maneuvers of Kalisch, which took place during the summer of 1835 the Russian and Prussian Army, the latter having contributed two "combined cavalry regiment" and a "combined infantry regiment".
In 1859 and 1860 a new short-lived form of combined regiments was created. Those were Landwehr regiments augmented by mobilized reserve troops and reserve formations, named "Combined Infantry Regiment". In 1860 they were converted into regular infantry regiments.
German Empire.
During World War I the German Imperial Army formed marching regiments from various incomplete units and detached elements; like the "79.R/85.L" which was formed with the staff and four companies of the 79th Reserve Infantry Regiment and two battalions of the 85th Landwehr Regiment.
German Reich.
During World War II the Wehrmacht used the term "Kampfgruppe" for ad hoc formations; usually with combined arms and anywhere from companies to a full corps in size.
Russia.
In October 1813, during the Battle of Leipzig, the Russian reserve Army of Poland commanded by Levin August von Bennigsen consisted of "2nd Combined Regiments of Uhlan" comprising four squadrons.
In the years of 1830, the Imperial Russian Army had taken the habit of creating "Combined Regiments", formed of various regular units, to participate to grand-maneuvers. During the Grand-Maneuvers of Kalisch, which united in 1835 the Prussian Army and Russia Army, Russian Imperial Guard placed in lieu a "combined cavalry regiment" and a "combined infantry regiment".


Wolfpack Pfadfinder

Pfadfinder (English: "Pathfinder") was a "wolfpack" of German U-boats that operated from 21 to 27 May 1942, in the Battle of the Atlantic during World War II. Operating off the North American coast between New England and Newfoundland they sank two ships for a total of .
Ships hit by this Wolfpack.
Zurichmoor.
At 00:24 on 23 May, while en route from Halifax to Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, the unescorted 4,455 GRT British merchant ship "Zurichmoor" was torpedoed and sunk by "U-432" east of Philadelphia. The master, 38 crewmen, and six gunners were lost.
Polyphemus.
At 00:18 hours on 27 May the unescorted 6,269 GRT Dutch merchantman "Polyphemus", en route from Halifax to Liverpool, was hit by two torpedoes from "U-578" about north of Bermuda and sank within 45 minutes, with the loss of 15 of the crew. The survivors, including 14 men previously picked up from the "Norland", sunk five days before by , abandoned ship in five lifeboats. The U-boat surfaced and questioned the first officer before giving them cigarettes and the heading for New York. Three of the lifeboats landed at Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, while the other two were rescued by a Portuguese ship.


Ost-Bau-Pionier-Bataillon 559

Ost-Bau-Pionier-Bataillon 559 (Eastern Construction Engineering Battalion 559) was an auxiliary unit of the Wehrmacht (Nazi Germany) during World War II. It was formed on March 15 1943 in southern Ukraine as Straßen-Bau-Bataillon 559 (Road Construction Battalion 559) under the Army Group South. It was consecutively renamed to Ost-Bau-Bataillon 559, Ost-Bau-Bataillon des Befehlshaber Heeresgebiet "Süd", and to its final name on August 19. In 1944 it was moved to Upper Silesia under the command of the Army Group Center.


Oberstabsgefreiter

 (abbreviated OStGefr, on lists OSG) is the highest enlisted rank in the German Bundeswehr, that can be comparable to corporal in Anglophone armed forces.
History.
The rank was first introduced by the Kriegsmarine in 1940 and was named Matrosenoberstabsgefreiter. In Heer and Luftwaffe, the rank did not exist.
Bundeswehr.
A private of the German Bundeswehr might be promoted to that OR4-rank after a regular service time of 48 months.