Sebastiano Schiavone da Rovigno

Sebastiano Schiavone da Rovigno (literally: "Sebastian the Slav from Rovinj") also known as Sebastiano Schiavone and Sebastiano da Rovigno, Bastian Virgola and nicknamed "Zoppo" (literally, "lame") (1420 – 1505) was a woodcarver and marquetry artist from Rovinj (Rovigno) in the Republic of Venice.
Biography.
He was born in Rovinj (Rovigno) in the Republic of Venice. He joined the Dominican Order and in 1461 the Olivetans. Sebastian took abode in many monasteries across Italy during the 15th century, working in several monasteries located in important Italian arts towns.
He was a master to fellow friar and woodcarver Fra Giovanni da Verona. Sebastian taught Giovanni the art of woodwork in the monastery of San Giorgio in Ferrara.
He was the founder of an important Olivetan school of woodcarvers in Ferrara. Sebastian artistically contributed to the city of Ferrara with what he had learned from his sojourns in other important Italian cities such as Siena and Ferrara.
He is also said to have worked in the convent of Santa Maria in Organo with Giovanni. He also worked with an Antonio and a Paolo (from Mantua) and with the master Bernardino Ferrando from Bergamo. He was active in the Renaissance period, and his style was influenced by Pietro Lombardo.
One of his most famous works are the 34 choir seats he made for the convent Sant'Elena in Venice, which was affiliated with the Olivetani order. Some of them are in St Mark's Basilica. He worked on the old sacristy in St Mark together with Lorenzo Canozi of Lendinara in 1450.
Most of his work was dispersed. Because of this, it is difficult to determine how much influence he had on his pupil Giovanni da Verona.


William Flakefield

William Flakefield (fl. 1700), was the first weaver of checked linen in Great Britain.
Origins.
Flakefield was, it is said, son of a native (named Wilson) of Flakefield, in the parish of East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, who became a merchant in Glasgow about 1650. He was called Flakefield in order to distinguish him from another merchant named Wilson. However this may be, Richard Fleckfield was deacon of the incorporation of weavers of Glasgow in 1640, John Fleckfield in 1670, and Robert Fleckfield in 1673, 1675, and 1676 (James Cleland, "Annals of Glasgow", p. 425). William Flakefield may probably have been the son of John or Robert Fleckfield.
Military service.
After having learned the art of weaving, he enlisted about 1670 in the Cameronian regiment; from this he was afterwards transferred to the Scots guards. While on service abroad he came across a blue and white check handkerchief of German make. He resolved immediately to imitate it when he returned to Glasgow, and when he obtained his discharge in 1700 he carried out his intention.
Checked linen.
With some difficulty he got together the means for making a web of two dozen handkerchiefs. The novelty of the blue and white check and the unusual fineness of the texture made the article so popular that it was soon very largely manufactured in Glasgow and its neighbourhood. As late as 1771 striped and checkered linen cloth and handkerchiefs were among the most important textile manufactures of Glasgow. Probably in consequence of being outstripped by imitators with larger means of carrying on the new manufacture, Flakefield himself seems to have obtained no benefit from the success of his scheme, for in his old age he was made town-drummer of Glasgow, and died in that office.


Osmangazi railway station

Osmangazi station () is a station on the Marmaray commuter rail line in Gebze, Turkey. It was previously a station on the Haydarpaşa suburban until 2013, when commuter rail service was suspended. The original station was opened in 1954 with two side platforms and demolished in 2013. Construction of the new station started shortly after and was structurally completed in 2014, along with the other eight stations located between Pendik and Gebze. Commuter rail service resumed on 13 March 2019.
The station has two tracks with an island platform and one express track on the south side for high-speed and intercity trains.


Johann George Tromlitz

Johann George Tromlitz (November 8, 1725 – February 4, 1805), born at Reinsdorf, near Artern, Germany, was a flautist, flute maker and composer. He wrote three books on the art of flute playing.


Guangzhou Baiyun railway station

Guangzhou Baiyun railway station (Chinese: 广州白云站) is a railway station currently under construction in China. It is planned to be a major transport hub.
A spur from the Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway will connect to this station. It will also be the terminus of the planned Guangzhou–Zhanjiang high-speed railway. It will also be served by Guangzhou Metro lines 8, 12, and 24.
History.
In July 2019, it was announced that the station would start construction in September. At the time, it was expected to be complete by 2022.
On October 2, 2020, China Railway Construction Corporation won the bid to construct this station.


Cambodia Development Cooperation Forum

The first Cambodia Development Cooperation Forum (CDCF), a restructured format for the Consultative Group (CG) meeting, was held in Phnom Penh on June 19–20, 2007. The CDCF was chaired by the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) with the World Bank as the Lead Donor Facilitator. The theme for 2007 was "Progress in Implementing the National Strategic Development Plan 2006-2010".
Aid coordination.
Official Development Assistance (ODA) is the major source of financing of development programs of the RGC and has contributed to the implementation of major public development projects in Cambodia. In 2004, approximately US$555.4 million of ODA was disbursed, equivalent to 11% of gross domestic product (with an estimated nominal GDP of US$4.9 billion for 2004).
Improving effectiveness of ODA is a high priority of the RGC. The RGC created the Cambodian Rehabilitation and Development Board at the Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC/CRDB) in 1994 as the in-country aid coordination focal point.
As Cambodia is a highly aid-dependent country, the Government-Development Partner relationship in Cambodia is crucial. Government and Development Partners are becoming increasingly aware of the benefits of aid coordination and are taking steps to improve harmonization among Development Partners, and between Development Partners and Government, in order to build capacity in Government and deliver pro-poor reform. The RGC, with Development Partner support, has taken action on the aid effectiveness mantle on several fronts. The Consultative Group mechanism is an important venue for high-level Government-Development Partner discussions on aid effectiveness and socio-economic development.
Since the adoption of the Consultative Group mechanism in 1996, eight Consultative Group meetings have been held. The first five meetings, held in Tokyo and Paris, were chaired by the World Bank while the last three, held in Phnom Penh, were co-chaired by the Royal Government of Cambodia and World Bank.
Reflecting further local ownership, in 2006, the RGC decided to transform the Consultative Group meeting into the Cambodia Development Cooperation Forum, which would be chaired by the RGC, starting from 2007. The Forum would provide Government, Development Partners and civil society with an opportunity for dialogue on public policy processes and the associated Government financing, and focus on key strategic policy issues or on broad areas where faster and critical progress is necessary or where additional actions are needed.
National Strategies.
The international community has committed to the principles of the "Rome Declaration on Harmonization" (2003) and the "Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness" (2005), which aim to reform aid to avoid such practices and promote local ownership, harmonization, alignment, results and mutual accountability in order to improve overall aid effectiveness and facilitate the obtainment of the Millennium Development Goals. In line with these declarations, the RGC has developed its overall vision for a "New Development Cooperation Partnership Paradigm for Cambodia" to improve ODA effectiveness (2000), the "Cambodia Declaration" on development cooperation partnerships to enhance aid effectiveness (2004), the "Strategic Framework for Development Cooperation Management" (2005), and the latest overarching policy document – "National Strategic Development Plan" (2006–2010).
The "National Strategic Development Plan" puts forth a comprehensive reform and development agenda and sets out an ambitious plan for accelerating and diversifying growth, reaching poor people and providing vital basic services. It recognizes that improving governance, reducing corruption, strengthening the rule of law and increasing the accountability of the Government to its people are the central challenges for the Government to reduce poverty and achieve socio-economic development.


850th Horizontal Engineer Company

The 850th HEC ("Renegades") Company resides in Cambridge, Minn. The unit's primary mission is to provide command and control of engineer platoon effects that are necessary to conduct missions such as repair, maintain, construct air/ground lines of communication (LOC); emplace culverts; hauling; force protection; and limited clearing operations.
History.
The unit's history starts with being the 257th Military Police Company, based out of Cottage Grove, Minn., which deployed in 1990/1991 in support of Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. In 1995, the unit reorganized into Battery F, 151st Field Artillery, deploying soldiers to Europe and Southwest Asia in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. In 2006, the unit reorganized once more to what is now the 850th Horizontal Engineer Company, part of the 682nd Engineer Battalion. In 2013 the unit deployed to Afghanistan. During this deployment soldiers built roads and culverts for locals and built observation points for security forces among other missions.


Centrifugal clutch

A centrifugal clutch is an automatic clutch that uses centrifugal force to operate. The output shaft is disengaged at low rotational speed and engages more as speed increases. It is often used in mopeds, underbones, lawn mowers, go-karts, chainsaws, mini bikes, and some paramotors and boats to keep the engine from stalling when the output shaft is slowed or stopped abruptly, and to remove load when starting and idling. It has been superseded for automotive applications by the fluid coupling.
Operation.
The input of the clutch is connected to the engine crankshaft while the output may drive a shaft, chain, or belt. As engine revolutions per minute increase, weighted arms in the clutch swing outward and force the clutch to engage. The most common types have friction pads or shoes radially mounted that engage the inside of the rim of a housing. On the center shaft, there is an assorted number of extension springs, which connect to a clutch shoe. When the central shaft spins fast enough, the springs extend causing the clutch shoes to engage the friction face. It can be compared to a drum brake in reverse. This type can be found on most home-built karts, lawn and garden equipment, fuel-powered model cars, and low power chainsaws.
Another type used in racing karts has friction and clutch disks stacked together like a motorcycle clutch. The weighted arms force these disks together and engage the clutch.
When the engine reaches a certain speed, the clutch activates, working somewhat like a continuously variable transmission. As the load increases, the speed drops, disengaging the clutch, letting the speed rise again, and reengaging the clutch. If tuned properly, the clutch will tend to keep the speed at or near the torque peak of the engine. This results in a fair bit of waste heat, but over a broad range of speeds, it is much more useful than a direct drive in many applications.
History.
Centrifugal clutches were used in railway locomotives before 1858, and referred to (in relation to electric motors) in a patent of 1899.
A patent was issued in the United States for an automotive centrifugal clutch (on an electric vehicle) in 1898.
There is a design for a toy 'automatic clutch' in "Meccano Magazine" of June 1934.
Armstrong Siddeley cars featured automatic (centrifugal) clutches beginning in 1936.
Thomas Fogarty, who is also credited with inventing the balloon catheter, is credited with inventing a centrifugal clutch for small motor applications in the 1940s.


Erskine Hazard

Erskine Hazard (1790-1865), a younger son of the first United States Postmaster Ebenezer Hazard, became the partner of Josiah White about 1810 when around 19 years old. White and Hazard together established themselves as innovative businessman with a bent for novel and clever engineering, a fearless business disposition and willingness to work extremely hard. Together they spearheaded efforts that enabled the industrial revolution, the advancement of steam power, and of railroading—creating the infrastructure and business climate to accelerate the Northeast out of an agrarian society to the industrial power that manhandled the South in the Civil War in just forty years.
The Partnership.
Together they put together the wherewithal to open a foundry and wire drawing plant on the falls of the Schuylkill River near Philadelphia in 1810. Their first reputation establishing event was to build a small suspension bridge across the Schuylkill in order to better demonstrate their factory. When the US President put an embargo in place on Bituminous Coal imports from Great Britain in the tension prior to the War of 1812, the partners moved to secure an anthracite supply, which was an barely known, much misunderstood unexploited commodity at that time. Its discovery was credited to various individuals in widely varying locales by different historians but history speaks more clearly about that find which was first to be regularly commercially exploited, and inspire a revolution in energy use in the young United States. It was the outcrop stumbled over by the hunter Philip Ginter in 1791 that lead to the Lehigh Coal Mining Company (LCMC, 1792), then in 1818, the Lehigh Coal Company and the Lehigh Navigation Company a few months afterwards. White and Hazard were principals in both.
Pioneering.
Educated as a geographer and surveyor Hazard would compliment White's mechanical innovations with resourceful use of given landforms and the two would go on together to found what is arguably the most influential company of the first half of the 19th century, the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company, build the Lehigh Canal, the Ashley Planes, the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, and a half-dozen other subsidiary railroads and industries, most of which would last into the 1960s. They also had a major role in inspiring the use by others of the "hard to burn 'rock coal', Anthracite"—initially only in industrial processes, and together brought about the opening up of a trickle in supply brought into Philadelphia along the Schuylkill River valley.
Hazard the geographer and surveyor pioneered a technique which became standardized in the rail transport industry, and indeed, adopted in building many roads and ramps; that of dividing the overall height (the rise) from the starting reference point to the destination by the distance (or run)—then setting the grade (regardless of excavations needed, or supports needing constructed) of the road to maintain that average slope. He used the technique when surveying the initial mule road the Lehigh Coal Company used to connect the new settlement and mines at Summit Hill, PA with the loading chute at what would become Mauch Chunk, PA. When the company decided to lay rails along the mule trail, the pre-graded slope allowed the workers to lay rails over the nine mile descent in only a few months of conversion.
Legacy.
Erskine Hazard died in 1865 a wealthy individual that had, along with partner-mentor Josiah White created thousands of jobs and founded whole industries unknown in their youth. Railroading grew up from the early strap iron angles attached to hardwood tracks to T-rails which have common ancestry with today's steel welded rails. Their influence goes farther than listed below, for they made many capital investments, and those which fit their overall coal-iron business were sometimes bought out when they proved successful. Others in need of additional investment were finished by the two, or by the board of LC&N Co. then either sold off when profitable or retained as part of the LC&N Co. family of subsidiaries, while a third were just investments made part of a portfolio, having no relation to LC&N Co. assets other than that of a common individual owner.
Hazard Street, a primary thorofare in Summit Hill, PA is named for Erskine Hazard.


List of minefields in Croatia

, minefields in Croatia cover of territory. The minefields (usually known as "mine suspected areas") are located in 9 counties and 61 cities and municipalities. These areas are thought to contain approximately 42,371 land mines, in addition to unexploded ordnance left over from the Croatian War of Independence.
The area suspected of containing land mines is marked using more than 13,000 warning signs. Areas thought to contain unexploded ordnance, but no land mines, are marked using 409 different warning signs. The minefields are largely situated in forests (62%), while the rest are in agricultural land (26%) as well as karst terrain and shrubland (12%).


M. K. Unni Nayar

Colonel Manakampat Kesavan Unni Nayar (1911 – 12 August 1950) was an Indian journalist and diplomat.
He was born 22 April 1911 at Manakampat house near Parli, from Palakkad in the state of Kerala in southern India. After an uneventful early education, he took his honours in Literature, from the Madras Christian College. His literary talents were first discovered, in the College Magazine. He began his professional career at a humorous weekly publication, "The Merry Magazine" of Madras. He soon moved to "The Mail", a Madras daily, but continued to contribute to the "Merry Magazine".
Later, he worked in Washington, Singapore, Burma, Libya and various locations in the Middle East and North Africa. While serving as a U.N. delegate in Korea in 1950, he was killed (with journalists Christopher Buckley and Ian Morrison) by a land mine exploding under their jeep. A memorial dedicated to him is sited at Waegwan, South Korea.
An obituary published by the government of India said:


Grand Central Partnership

The Grand Central Partnership manages the Grand Central Business Improvement District, one of the largest business improvement districts in the world. It comprises of commercial space in a 70-block area of Midtown Manhattan, New York City, around Grand Central Terminal. Its irregular borders reach from East 35th Street to East 54th Street and from Second Avenue to Fifth Avenue.
Creation.
Midtown Manhattan property owners and businesses created the Grand Central Partnership in the mid-1980s during a period of marked physical and economic deterioration. Once in place, GCP developed a comprehensive plan to specifically revitalize the neighborhood surrounding Grand Central Terminal, which included an ambitious capital improvement program, a privately managed sanitation, maintenance and public safety operation, business assistance initiatives, a broad tourism and visitor services program, and a social services component. Since its founding, GCP has made substantial contributions to the dramatic turnaround of Midtown Manhattan, and, together with the renowned restoration of Grand Central Terminal, GCP's programs are widely credited with playing a major role in transforming the neighborhood into one of the world's preeminent central business districts.
Management.
GCP's operations are managed by a board of directors and officers elected by the District Management Association, a voluntary organization made up of property owners, commercial and residential tenants in the district, as well as representatives of elected officials.
The Grand Central Partnership is a not-for-profit corporation funded principally through special assessments collected from commercial property owners located within its defined geographic area. Additional financial support is provided through corporate sponsorship of specific programs and special events and through in-kind services. Assessment proceeds and tax-exempt bonds have funded capital improvements.
Public Safety Department.
The Grand Central Partnership also hires "Public Safety Officers" who patrol the areas that the GCP owns or operates property on. These officers are hired at 11.00 dollars an hour and are charged to assist authorities, when necessary, by reporting incidents and maintaining order until their arrival. They are certified Security officers in the State of New York prior to their employment.
Officers are also assigned to the Partnership's Taxi Stands to maintain traffic flow and ensure the safety of visitors.
Uniforms and Equipment.
GCP Public Safety Officers are often found on foot patrol with red and black variant uniforms. They often wear an Oval Eagle Top badge with no citation bars and, occasionally, one may see the officer's nameplate on a leather NYPD style badge holder.
The GCP's PSOs are also often wearing a black champagne hat and carry a radio connected to NYPD channels to report emergencies to authorities.


Giubo

A giubo ( ; etymology: giunto Boschi, "Boschi joint"), also known as a flex disc, and sometimes misspelled as guibo, is a flexible coupling used to transmit rotational torque between the drive shaft and the companion flange on mechanical devices, such as an automobile engine.
The giubo is made from flexible synthetic rubber and is designed to allow some angular and axial misalignment while reducing driveline vibration in mechanical power transmission applications.
How it works.
Input and output shaft flanges are bolted to the giubo on either side using alternating hole positions, so that the flanges are not connected directly to one another but instead only through the rubber material of the coupling. The elasticity of the rubber absorbs vibration and flexes for alignment. It follows that the rubber must withstand the application's full transmitted torque, for which reason the rubber is often reinforced internally using moulded-in fibre material. The giubo may also have a harmonically "phased" design, typically requiring arrows that are marked on it to point to the corresponding flange arms.
Name.
"Giubo" is a portmanteau of the Italian words "giunto" ('joint' or 'coupling') and "boschi" (the surname of the Italian engineer who designed and patented the first flex disc, Antonio Boschi (1896–1988)). Boschi later founded GIUBO SpA, a company solely dedicated to manufacturing flex discs.
Use.
The giubo is believed first to have been used for this purpose on the Alfa Romeo model 1900, produced between 1950 and 1959. As used on several British cars, such as the Hillman Imp, Triumph GT6 MKII/GT6+, Lotus Elan and some early versions of the Land Rover Discovery, the item is known as a Rotoflex coupling. The Porsche 917 used a Giubo centered on the rear half-shaft, but in a manner that did not require the joint to laterally flex. Mercedes-Benz cars have used Giubos throughout the line, starting with the W114 and W115 chassis.


Bulgarian anti-helicopter mines

The 4AHM-100, AHM-200, AHM-200-1, AHM-200-2, PMN-150, and PMN-250 are Bulgarian directional fragmentation mines that can be used with proximity fuzes to function as anti-helicopter mines.
Description.
The systems were developed by the Bulgarian Institute of Metal Science, and are based around electronic fuzes with broadly similar functionality. The fuzes use two sensors. The first, an acoustic sensor, arms the mine as a helicopter approaches. The second sensor is a radar, which locates the target and triggers the mine at the appropriate point. The mines all use a number of large Misznay Schardin effect warheads to project large numbers of fragments to an effective range of around 200 meters. "Jane's Mines and Mine Clearance" speculates that IFF could be integrated into the fuze circuit to discriminate against friendly aircraft, lowering the chances of friendly fire.
Mines.
PMN-150 and PMN-250.
The PMN-150 and PMN-250 are large directional fragmentation mines that scatter fragments in a 60 degree horizontal arc. The PMN-150 produces approximately 1,500 fragments that have an effective range of 150 meters. The PMN-250 is a larger mine which produces 2,100 fragments that have an effective range of 250 meters. The mines have a number of electronic fuzes available including three microwave fuzes, an acoustic fuze and a seismic sensor. The mines can be remotely triggered or deactivated.
Anti-Transport Mine.
The "Anti-Transport Mine" is a large circular directional fragmentation mine that uses an internal fragmentation matrix and five Misznay-Schardin plates. The fragmentation matrix produces a large number of small fragments, and the Misznay Schardin plates produce large fragments that can penetrate armoured vehicles.
The mine appears to be based on the PMN-250 mine, and the mine is likely to have an effective range of 250 meters.
4AHM-100.
The 4AHM-100 uses four 30 kilogram mines with a single central sensor. The mines are triggered simultaneously when the sensor detects a target inside the effective footprint of the mines. The mine is currently at the prototype stage.
AHM-200.
The AHM-200 weighs 35 kilograms and contains 12 kilograms of TNT. The mine's warhead has two sections, a large rectangular warhead with a pre-notched fragmentation liner that produces 1,960 fragments, and a secondary warhead with five Misznay Schardin plates that produce large self-forging fragments. The fragments scatter in an arc of 20 degrees to an effective range of 200 meters, and will penetrate 10 millimeters of armour at 100 meters.
AHM-200-1.
The AHM-200-1 weighs 90 kilograms. Like the AHM-200 it consists of two sections, a large circular fragmentation warhead with a filling of ball bearings, and a horizontal section with five Misznay Schardin effect plate charges. The two sections are mounted on a sturdy tripod with a sensor mounted above that contains a Doppler radar fuze and an acoustic fuze. The mine has an effective range of about 100 meters.
AHM-200-2.
The AHM-200-2 weighs 90 kilograms, and is similar to the AHM-200-1, except that it uses a rectangular fragmentation warhead that produces 1,960 fragments.


Thuret family

The Thuret family of clockmakers established themselves as one of the outstanding craftsman-dynasties in 17th- and 18th-century Paris. Their clocks are signed "Thuret", and distinguishing which member of the Thuret family made a specific clock is sometimes an unrewarding effort.
History.
Isaac II Thuret (1630–1706), one of the first French clockmakers to make pendulum clocks, held the royal appointment. His son Jacques III Thuret (1669–1738), was appointed clockmaker to Louis XIV of France in 1694. A perquisite of the royal appointment was the use of workshops in the Galeries du Louvre, where since the time of Henri IV, the outstanding artists, designers and craftsmen were granted workshop spaces, fostering cross-fertilisation among the arts. As one consequence there are numerous clocks by the Thuret dynasty in cases of rich tortoiseshell and brass marquetry designed by André Charles Boulle; one such remarkable clock by Jacques Thuret or his father is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Another example, the Barometer Clock, is at the Frick Collection.
Jacques III Thuret married a daughter of the royal designer Jean Bérain the Elder, whose designs he assembled and published ; his daughter Suzanne married the painter, draughtsman and engraver Charles François Silvestre.


Mount Dennis station

Mount Dennis is an intermodal transit terminal under construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located east of the intersection of Eglinton Avenue and Weston Road in the Mount Dennis neighbourhood in the district of York, the station will be the western terminus of the future Line 5 Eglinton as well as an intermediate station on the GO Transit Kitchener line and Union Pearson Express. The station has been designated as one of many "mobility hubs" in Greater Toronto. It is scheduled to open in 2022.
The station is being built on the lands formerly known as Kodak Heights, which was a camera manufacturing facility operated by the Eastman Kodak Company from 1918 to 2006. Adjacent to the station, the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility will also be located on the lands.
Metrolinx expects Mount Dennis station (including the bus terminal and Kodak building) to be completed in 2020 along with Keelesdale and Caledonia stations. Also in 2020, Metrolinx expects test trains to run between Mount Dennis and Caledonia stations.
Timeline.
A draft prepared on April 10, 2013, established four designs for the station. In all the designs, the underground LRT platform was long—long enough for four vehicle trainsets. Two designs placed the bus platform on the north side of Eglinton, accessed through a pedestrian tunnel. In the other two designs the bus platform(s) were on the south side of Eglinton, accessed through a pedestrian tunnel.
By 2016, the finalized design placed the bus loop on the north side of the station, accessed by a relocated Photography Drive bridge that crosses Eglinton further to the east than the old bridge. This roadway would pass east of the renovated Kodak building, which would form the station's third entrance.
On the weekend of February 19–21, 2016, the Photography Drive bridge over Eglinton Avenue was demolished to make way for construction on the Mount Dennis station site.
In August 2016, the former Kodak building was temporarily moved to facilitate construction. On November 13, 2017, the building was moved back to sit on a newly built foundation. The community wanted this landmark preserved; thus, it will become an integral part of Mount Dennis station.
By August 2018, some track had already been laid within the Eglinton Crosstown station. By August 2019, track had been extended from the station platform eastwards past the junction with the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility, but overhead wire for pantographs had not yet been hung; escalators and wall tiles were being installed; graffiti had been removed from the Kodak building and restoration work to its interior was in progress.
Description.
In addition to being a landmark and a Heritage Interest Building, the former Kodak building will be a focal point for riders using the mobility hub, as many of the mobility hub's features are linked to this building. It will have a waiting area and public washrooms, and retail spaces on the main and basement levels. The upper floors of the building will be used for rented offices and to provide a space for community use.
The station will have three entrances:
The hub will encompass the following services:
East of the station, the LRT line would travel on an elevated guideway above Black Creek Drive and Black Creek itself, before descending into the western portal of the line's bored tunnel, towards Keelesdale Station.
As part of a program to install artworks at major interchange stations along Line 5 Eglinton, Mount Dennis Station will feature two artworks:
Surface connections.
The following routes would serve this station according to the report presented at the board meeting on February 25, 2016:
External links.
The following videos were released by the Crosstown project:


Wirtgen Group

Wirtgen Group is an internationally operating German company in the construction industry. The company's core business is the development and production of machinery for road construction and maintenance.
Wirtgen Group employs around 8,500 people around the world and its annual turnover is around 3 billions €. It also has local manufacturing plants in Brazil, China, and India, 55 distribution and service offices and over 150 authorized dealers around the globe.
History.
In November 1961 Reinhard Wirtgen founded a small contracting business in Windhagen, Germany, starting with small haulage jobs and later specializing in road construction machinery with concrete breakers. Eventually Wirtgen expanded his fleet to 100 milling machines and 150 workers operating all over Germany. Reinhard Wirtgen progressed the product portfolio from hot milling to cold milling machines by the end of the 70s, which significantly increased the economic efficiency of the milling process. The international development of the company began when Reinhard Wirtgen set up the first subsidiaries outside of Germany.
Reinhard Wirtgen systematically expanded his product portfolio at the production plant to four product divisions. In 1981, Wirtgen built the first surface miners for opencast mining and routing operations in hard rock. From 1987 onwards, Wirtgen introduced cold recycling as an economical method of road rehabilitation. Two years later, he incorporated the slipform paver division into his company to offer solutions for the construction of concrete roads and poured-in-place concrete profiles.
Jürgen Wirtgen and Stefan Wirtgen took over the management of the company in 1997. The expansion of the corporate group began with the integration of the road paver manufacturer Vögele. Hamm, a roller manufacturer, was integrated into Wirtgen Group in 1999. High investments in the three production plants resulted in the expansion of production capacities and efficiency, as well as a strong presence for the corporate group on a global scale.
In 2006 Wirtgen Group consolidated two business lines: "Road Technologies" and "Mineral Technologies". The second line was established with the incorporation of Kleemann, a German manufacturer of mobile and stationary processing plants.
In 2014, the manufacturer of asphalt mixing plants Benninghoven was also integrated into the company.
In 2017, Wirtgen Group entered into a definitive agreement with John Deere to be purchased for $5.2 Billion.
Product brands.
Wirtgen GmbH.
Wirtgen GmbH is located in Windhagen in Rheinland-Pfalz, and it is the youngest and largest subcompany of the corporation. Wirtgen GmbH produces road milling machines and cold recyclers, as well as Surface miners for open cast mining operations.
Joseph Vögele AG.
Joseph Vögele AG is based in Ludwigshafen am Rhein in Rheinland-Pfalz. The company is the world market leader for asphalt pavers and belongs to Wirtgen Group since 1996.
Hamm AG.
HAMM AG, founded in Tirschenreuth in Bayern, is specialized in compaction technology. It is part of Wirtgen Group since 2000 and it manufactures road and soil compactors.
Kleemann GmbH.
Located in Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg, KLEEMANN GmbH manufactures crushing and screening plants. It is part of Wirtgen Group since 2006.
Benninghoven GmbH & Co. KG.
BENNINGHOVEN GmbH & Co. KG, located in Wittlich in Rheinland-Pfalz, is one of the largest recycling and asphalt mixing plant manufacturer in Germany. The company belongs to Wirtgen Group since 2014.
Local production sites.
Ciber.
Ciber Equipamentos Rodoviários is Wirtgen Group's local production facility for Latin America and completes the comprehensive product range with its own brand. The brand headquarter is located in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, in the city of Porto Alegre. CIBER manufactures hot mix asphalt plants and pavers on five production lines. It also produces a model from the WIRTGEN cold milling machine line and a HAMM roller, each of which are adapted to the requirements of the local market.
Wirtgen China.
The local production facility for China is established in Langfang, near Beijing. The production range includes selected models of WIRTGEN cold milling machines, VÖGELE road pavers and HAMM rollers. Around 380 employees work in an area of 200.000 m2.
Wirtgen India.
The new head office of WIRTGEN INDIA is located in the vicinity of Pune, an industrial center in the northwest of India. 672 employees work in the 129,100m² production area, production of HAMM of two models single-drum <model 311> and mutli-drum <model HD99> compactors, KLEEMANN screens. & Vogele Pavers


Sledgehammer

A sledgehammer is a tool with a large, flat, often metal head, attached to a long handle. The long handle combined with a heavy head allows the sledgehammer to gather momentum during a swing and apply a large force compared to hammers designed to drive nails. Along with the mallet, it shares the ability to distribute force over a wide area. This is in contrast to other types of hammers, which concentrate force in a relatively small area.
Etymology.
The word sledgehammer is derived from the Anglo Saxon "slægan", which, in its first sense, means "to strike violently". The English words "slag", "slay", and "slog" are cognates.
Uses.
The handle can range from to a full long, depending on the mass of the head. The head mass is usually . Modern heavy duty sledgehammers come with heads. Sledgehammers usually require two hands and a swinging motion involving the entire torso, in contrast to smaller hammers used for driving in nails. The combination of a long swinging range, and heavy head, increases the force of the resulting impact.
Sledgehammers are often used in demolition work, for breaking through drywall or masonry walls. Sledgehammers are seldom used in modern mining operations, particularly hand steel. Sledgehammers are also used when substantial force is necessary to dislodge a trapped object (often in farm or oil field work), or for fracturing concrete. Another common use is for driving fence posts into the ground. Sledgehammers are used by police forces in raids on property to gain entry by force, commonly through doors. They were and still are commonly used by blacksmiths to shape heavy sections of iron. The British SAS counter terrorist team used sledgehammers to gain access to rooms during the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege. However, today they use a tool called a "dynamic hammer".
Another iconic use of sledgehammers is for driving railroad spikes into wooden sleepers during rail construction. When the two ends of the Union Pacific railroad were joined at Promontory, Utah, Leland Stanford hammered a golden spike into a sleeper with a silver hammer. Sledges used to drive spikes for rails had curved heads that came down to a "beak" that was only about one inch across. The shape meant that drivers needed to be accurate, and spot where the spike hit was often not much larger than a small coin, as anything larger would hit the plate or the sleeper. The curved head kept the handle away from the rail, as the spikes were driven with the rail between the spike and the driver. These are often called spike mauls.
Drilling hammer.
A drilling hammer, club hammer, , crack hammer, mini-sledge or thor hammer is a small sledgehammer whose relatively light weight and short handle allow single-handed use. It is useful for light demolition work, driving masonry nails, and for use with a steel chisel when cutting stone or metal. In this last application, its weight drives the chisel more deeply into the material being cut than lighter hammers. Club hammers are common on the British inland waterways for driving mooring pins into the towpath or canal bank.
Scouts BSA has adopted the shorter Sledge Hammer, commonly referred to as an Engineer's Hammer, as an unofficial tool referred to as the Scout Hammer, as a complement to the Pocket Knife and Hand Axe. The handle is 12-18 inches long with a head weighing 2 to 6 lbs. The hammer is used for a variety of purposes such as driving tent stakes, establishing temporary fencing using wood or metal re-bar, splitting wood in conjunction with a wedge, or straightening all that is bent.
Post maul.
Post mauls are similar to sledgehammers in shape, but are meant to drive wooden fence posts or tree stakes into the earth. Newer mauls have broad, flat circular faces that are significantly larger in diameter than the body of the head (where the handle attaches). Older post mauls are significantly larger than sledgehammers like their newer counterparts except the outside diameter (body) of older post maul designs remained the same large diameter as that of the faces of the hammer from one side to the other side. Sledgehammers usually have octagonal faces that are the same diameter or slightly smaller than the body of the head, and they are not nearly as large in overall diameter as a post maul.


Madera station (California High-Speed Rail)

Madera Station is a proposed train station to serve Madera, California. It would be located near the intersection of Avenue 12 and Santa Fe Drive.
The Madera Amtrak station opened in 2010 as a replacement for the hundred-year old Storey station. The 2016 California High-Speed Rail Business Plan included yet another relocated Madera station in order to provide greater accessibility and connections between that system and Amtrak "San Joaquins" services. Funding for the station was provided as part of the Valley Rail project in 2018. Work on station relocation is ongoing , as the San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority has entered into negotiations with CAHSR, Madera County, and the city of Madera. the new station is expected to open in 2023.


Ignaz Waibl

Ignaz Waibl otherwise Ignatzius Woibl or Waibel (1661–28 February 1733) was an Austrian woodcarver. His carvings are among the most significant of the period.
Life.
Waibl was born in Grins near Landeck in the Tyrol, son of Thomas Waibl or Waibel and his wife Eva (formerly Wucherer). He was apprenticed to Melchior Lechleitner, and finished his apprenticeship after 5 years, in 1681.
In 1683 he made the Angel Altar in the parish church of Saint George and Saint Nicholas in Oetz in the Tyrol. He was commissioned by Prior Johannes Bilstein to create the carvings of the choir stalls of Buxheim Charterhouse in Buxheim, Upper Swabia, from 1687 to 1691. For the same monastery from 1699 to 1700 Waibl carved the celebrant's chair and two side altars. His works for Buxheim are among the most important Baroque wood sculptures.
In about 1705 he was involved with several others on the refurbishment of the deanery church of Breitenwang in Reutte in the Tyrol. This is the only substantial corpus of his work in his native Tyrol.
From no later than 1708 (and quite possibly earlier) he lived in Heimertingen in Upper Swabia in Germany, a few kilometres from Buxheim Charterhouse. He died in Heimertingen on 28 February 1733.


Lajos Kassai

Lajos Kassai (born 16 September 1960), is a Hungarian bowyer, archer and equestrian. He is primarily known for his work reviving the traditional art of horse archery, including adapting it into a modern sport. For his work he received the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary.
Bow-making.
Lajos Kassai originally worked as a mechanic, and only made bows as a hobby until the mid 1980s. During this time he reconstructed the Hungarian composite bow from the time of the Hungarian Conquest. Eventually bow-making became his primary profession, and he became the first in the world to mass-produce this style of bow. Besides Hungarian, Kassai makes other types of traditional bows, including Scythian, Magyar, Hun (asymmetric type), Avar, and Mongol.
Horse archery.
Kassai created the competitive rule system of horse archery in the late 1980s, and started to propagate this new sport, first in Hungary, and from the 1990s in the rest of Europe, the United States and Canada. He made himself familiar with Zen-archery in Kamakura, Japan, and travelled to Shao-lin in China to study.
He summarized his experiences in his book "Horse archery", which since its issue has been translated into German, English and Russian.
He founded the center of Hungarian horse archery, Kassai-valley, near Kaposmérő. Horse archery centers based on the Kassai-school are currently operating in fourteen countries, and organize world cups regularly.
In 2011, the University of Physical Education accepted the education practice developed by Kassai and began horse archery training. Hungary is the first country in the world where one can get a teaching diploma in horse archery.
His life and work was dramatized by Géza Kaszás in the film "A lovasíjász" (The horse archer), which premiered in January 2016.
Achievements.
To this day, he has won every single horse archery competition he entered. He set four Guinness world records: in 1998, by constantly riding on relay horses during a 12 hours competition, he rode through the 90 meter long horse archery range 286 times, and shot more than 1000 aimed arrows. In 2002, on a record run that lasted from 6 AM to 6 PM, he shot over 3000 shots collecting 7126.05 points in 323 rides, greatly surpassing his previous record. On 10 June 2006, he again surpassed his two previous 12-hour world records by competing in horse archery for 24 hours continuously. From Saturday 7 AM until Sunday 7 AM he rode 661 times shooting 5412 arrows and collecting 15,596.43 points overall, for an average of 212.35 points per ride.
He set his last record with his disciples in the Budapest Sports Arena on 5 December 2009. He shot 12 thrown up discs with 30 cm diameter under 17.80 seconds from the back of a racing horse.
Family.
Kassai is married and has three daughters.


Ike Carpenter (woodworker)

Ike Carpenter is an American woodworker born in Trenton, South Carolina who won the 1995 South Carolina Folk Heritage Award for his third-generation legacy of woodworking in traditional and modern genres.
Notable Works.
Carpenter's woodcarvings include spoons, bowls, walking sticks and "whatnot" items that are functional as well as decorative. He is best known for his traditional "ball and chain" or "ball and cage" pieces, intricately carved entirely out of a single piece of wood that has not been sawed, glued or pieced together, designed to show off the carver's skill. In addition to learning about woodcarving from his family growing up, Carpenter apprenticed for eight years with a master cabinetmaker to learn the art of traditional furniture-making, shaping felled trees into finely-crafted furniture using only primitive hand tools, such as the axe, adze, and shaving horse. He actively shares his woodworking knowledge and skills in local public schools, and has given presentations at Drayton Hall, at the McCormick Heritage Festival, and at historical event reenactments. He is also involved in the South Carolina Art Commission's Master Craftsman Traditional Arts Apprentice Program which allows a master craftsman to pass his tradition on to an apprentice.
Honors.
In addition to winning the 1995 South Carolina Folk Heritage Award, the significance of his Carpenter family's woodworking legacy was celebrated by the University of South Carolina's McKissick Museum in Columbia, South Carolina in 2004 with an exhibit called "Considerable Grace", showcasing five generations of Carpenter family woodcarvings.
Personal.
Carpenter's family has been in Edgefield County, South Carolina since 1802; his grandfather was known throughout the Edgefield area as a carpenter, and his father took up woodcarving at the age of 15 and added that skill set to the family tradition, which continues with Carpenter's daughter and granddaughter.


Fushun Road station

Fushun Road () is a station under construction on the future Line 18 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at the intersection of North No. 2 Zhongshan Road and Jiangpu Road in Yangpu District, Shanghai, the station is scheduled to open with the rest of phase one of Line 18 in 2021. The station is named after Fushun Road, which intersects Jiangpu Road one block to the south of the station.


World Organisation of Building Officials

World Organisation of Building Officials (WOBO) is the global association of building officials that promote the interests and technical standards of building officials. An association with the United Nations is to act as a clearing house of technical information on behalf of member states. For example, members have a role in the World Urban Forum, held in June 2006 in Canada. WOBO was founded in 1984 at a conference of representatives from ten nations meeting in Saskatoon.


Adolf Seefeldt

Adolf Gustav Seefeldt (March 6, 1870 – May 23, 1936), known as The Sandman, was a German serial killer.
Life.
Early life.
Born as the seventh and last child of his parents, Adolf was first trained as a locksmith then as a watchmaker who repaired grandfather clocks and pocket watches. He came to Lübeck in 1890 and married Katarina Seefeldt, who divorced him in 1910. At the age of nineteen, his son was sent to a lunatic asylum for moral crimes.
Seefeldt is said to have been abused by two men at the age of 12. He was first imprisoned at 25 years for sexual harassment of a boy. Psychiatrists diagnosed him as mentally unstable, which is why he spent most of his life in mental hospitals and prisons.
Serial murders.
The traveler and watchmaker Adolf Seefeldt, also called "Sandman" or – because of his profession – "Uncle Tick Tock" and "Uncle Adi", abused and killed at least twelve boys during the reign of the Third Reich. As a crime scene he usually chose pine preservations with one exception. A commonality was found in the victim's clothing, who consistently wore sailor suits. Since all children were "sleeping peacefully" and showed no signs of external violence, the police were mystified by the circumstances of death. It is therefore possible that Seefeldt committed more murders that were considered natural deaths.
Contemporary experts speculated that Seefeldt had used his own homemade poison, chloroform or smothered his victims. According to Hans Pfeiffer, a well-known author of popular science books on authentic criminal cases, these theories were disproven with little effort. Pfeiffer suspected, however, that Seefeldt had put his victims into a hypnotic sleep, then probably performed oral sex on them and let them lie asleep in the woods, where he failed to awaken them from hypnosis. The children later died of hypothermia, which Seefeldt had accepted or intended.
The victims.
His victims ranged from toddlers to 12-year-old boys: Kurt Gnirk (April 16, 1933), Wolfgang Metzdorf (October 8, 1933), Ernst Tesdorf (November 2, 1933), Alfred Prätorius (November 12, 1933), Hans Korn (January 16, 1934), Günter Tieske from Oranienburg (October 2, 1934), 11-year-old Erwin Wishnewski from Brandenburg (October 8, 1934), 4-year-old Artur Dill and 5-year-old Edgar "Eipel" Dittrich (October 16, 1934, both found in Neuruppin), 10-year-old Hans-Joachim Neumann (killed February 16, 1935; found on June 20, 1935), 10-year-old Heinz Zimmerman (February 23, 1935) and 11-year-old Gustav Thomas (March 22, 1935). The investigative authorities assumed that the actual number of casualties was much higher, possibly claiming up to 100 lives.
Gustav Thomas case.
The lawyer Wilhelm Hallermann summed the murder case of 11-year-old Gustav Thomas (found in a pine forest near Wittenberge), that due to microscopic examinations, the bloodshot pressure indicated strangulation.
The medical examiner Victor Müller-Heß came in the murder trial against Seefeldt with the claim that the murder victims were not poisoned, but instead strangled.
Trial and execution.
The Schwerin jury under the chairmanship of the district court director Karl Friedrich Sarkander and the advisory district court councils of Wilms and Weise consisted of butcher Ernst Hahn from Crivitz, secretary Wilhelm Schneeweis from Schwerin, Ortsgruppenleiter Friedrich Jahnke from Parchim, Mayor Ernst Dubbe from Leussow, engineer Otto Arpke from Lübtheen and city councilor Kreisleiter Buhr from Ludwigslust, negotiating the case on January 21, 1936. Chief prosecutor was Wilhelm Beusch, to whom Bishop Bernhard Schräder recalled in connection with the case of Vicar Leo Wiemker.
In the presence of later war criminal and Reichsstatthalter of Mecklenburg, Friedrich Hildebrandt, railed against the accused in order to justify the eradication of such behaviour. Adolf Seefeldt's defense lawyer was Rudolf Neudeck. August Brüning (1877–1965) was a participating expert in the trial.
After the closing arguments of February 21, the verdict for the murder cases was announced the following day. Seefeldt was sentenced to death. According to the "Niederdeutschen Beobachter", on February 29, 1936, Seefeldt is to have brought in an appeal. Neither a revision nor a revision procedure is historically documented; the judgment was enforced after legal force and refusal of the pardon occurred on May 23, 1936. The records of Seefeldt's conviction are poor. In addition to newspaper reports of his execution, there are only two memory protocols of conversations conducted in April 1936 at his cell in Schwerin. The case of Adolf Seefeldt was discussed by J. Fischer and Johannes Lange in the "Monthly Journal of Forensic Biology and Penal Reform".
Execution.
Earlier, the executioner Carl Gröpler had visited the him and "recognized the expected difficulty of the execution". Seefeldt was allegedly eager to be beheaded next morning by the guillotine.


Thomas Stevens (weaver)

Thomas Stevens (1828–1888) was a 19th-century weaver from Coventry, famous for his invention of the stevengraph, a woven silk picture.
Biography.
In the 19th century the town of Coventry, England, was the centre of a ribbon weaving industry. Thomas Stevens was born in Foleshill, just to the north of Coventry, in 1828 to a relatively poor family. Stevens worked for Pears and Franklin, a local ribbon weavers in Coventry, and by 1854 had created his own ribbon firm. In 1860, however, the Cobden–Chevalier Treaty was signed; this free trade treaty introduced new competition into the industry, leading to a collapse in the local ribbon economy and a huge loss of employment in Coventry.
Stevens had considerable experience of experimenting with the Jacquard loom and responded to the local recession by trying to develop new products. He had invented a way of using the programmable loom to weave colourful pictures from silk. By 1862, Stevens could produce four different designs; he attempted to appeal to the mass market, selling his products between six pence and fifteen shillings each. Some of these pictures were used for bookmarks, greetings cards and specialised products for the Admiralty.
Business boomed and Stevens acquired two larger factories in turn; by 1875 he was calling his product the "Stevengraph", named after himself. He exhibited internationally in America, France and Holland, winning some 30 medals and diplomas. In 1878 Stevens moved to London and began to mount his Stevengraphs as framed pictures - by the late 1880s Stevens had over 900 different designs. In 1888 Stevens died following a throat operation and was buried in Coventry.
Legacy.
By the 1930s, Stevengraphs were considered collectable items, but the hobby was considered eccentric and mainly confined to female collectors. During the Second World War Coventry was attacked by German bombers; on 14 November 1940 the Coventry Blitz occurred, apparently destroying the Stevens factory and the records of the Stevengraphs. In the late 1950s it emerged that Henry Stephens, a descendant of Thomas, had saved one of the pattern books the night before the attack and kept it in safe storage; Henry donated it to the Coventry City Council, who in turn entrusted it with the Herbert Art Gallery and Museum. Stevengraphs became valuable, with more male collectors entering the hobby. Prices rose, particularly for unusual or rarer images less popular during the Victorian period. A large collection of Stevens' work from his pattern book is still held at the Herbert Art Gallery and Museum.


George Izard

George Izard (October 21, 1776 – November 22, 1828) was a senior officer of the United States Army who served as the second Governor of Arkansas Territory from 1825 to 1828. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1807.
Early life.
Izard was born in Richmond, England, to Ralph Izard, who was a delegate to the Continental Congress and United States Senator from South Carolina, and Alice DeLancey, niece of New York Governor James DeLancey and a descendant of Stephanus Van Cortlandt and Gertrude Schuyler. He graduated from the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania) in 1792. He attended military academies in England and Germany and received military engineering instruction in France.
Military career.
Izard returned to the United States in November 1794, and received a commission as Lieutenant in the US Army Corps of Engineers. He was ordered by Secretary of War James McHenry to oversee the construction of Castle Pinckney in South Carolina.
In January 1800, Izard became aide-de-camp to Army commander Alexander Hamilton. A few months later he was invited by William Loughton Smith, Minister Plenipotentiary to Portugal, to serve as his secretary, a position he accepted. He left Portugal the next year and returned to the United States. He officially resigned his army commission in June 1803.
In March 1812, Izard was appointed as Colonel of the newly organised 2nd Artillery Regiment. He was promoted to Brigadier General a year later, and served as Wade Hampton's second in command until his resignation, when Izard succeeded him. Promoted to Major General in January 1814, he was in charge of the Northern Army protecting Lake Champlain, until ordered to reinforce the Army of Niagara. He was discharged in June 1815.
Political career.
Izard was appointed Governor of Arkansas Territory in March 1825, and served until his death in 1828.
Death.
Izard died of complications of gout in Little Rock, Arkansas. Izard was originally buried near the Peabody School in Little Rock. After the historic Mount Holly Cemetery was established, Izard's remains were moved to the Mount Holly Cemetery in Little Rock in 1843.
Legacy.
Izard County, Arkansas is named in his honor. General Izard's original artillery unit still exists as the 1st Battalion of the 3rd Air Defense Artillery Regiment.


Robert Rawlinson

Sir Robert Rawlinson KCB (28 February 1810 – 31 May 1898) was an English engineer and sanitarian.
Early life.
He was born at Bristol. His father was a mason and builder at Chorley, Lancashire, and he himself began his engineering education by working in a stonemason's yard.
Career.
In 1831, he obtained employment under Jesse Hartley in the engineers office at the Liverpool docks, and for four years from 1836 he was engaged under Robert Stephenson as assistant resident engineer for the Blisworth section of what is now the London & North-Western main line from London to the North.
Returning to Liverpool, he spent some years as assistant-surveyor to the corporation, and then in 1844 accepted an engineering post on the Bridgewater Canal. Three years later he returned to Liverpool, to superintend the design and construction of the famous brick-arched ceiling in the St George's Hall, in succession to, his friend H. L. Elmes. During this period Rawlinson's reputation as a sanitarian had been growing. In 1847 he devised a scheme to supply from Bala Lake in Gwynedd, Wales to Liverpool. When the Public Health Act was passed in 1848 he was appointed one of the first inspectors under it. He inspected many of the chief towns of England, and his reports on the sanitary conditions he found brought him in many cases into great unpopularity with the municipal rulers.
Early in 1855 popular feeling was so aroused by the waste of life that was going on among the British troops in the Crimea through disease, and by the mismanagement of the campaign, that the Aberdeen ministry was forced to resign. Lord Palmerston, who then became prime minister, sent a sanitary commission, consisting of Rawlinson and two medical members (Dr. John Sutherland and Dr. Hector Gavin), with full powers from the War Office, to do whatever it thought would lead to better hygienic conditions in camp and hospital. The commission reached Constantinople in March, and, by insisting on what now seem the most obvious precautions, succeeded within a few weeks in reducing the death-rate in the Levantine hospitals from 42 to 2¼%. Passing on to the Crimea, it effected a similar improvement there, and by the end of the year the health of the whole British army in the field was even better than it enjoyed at home.
Rawlinson's next great public service, for which he was made C.B. in 1865, was in connection with the distress caused in Lancashire by the collapse of the cotton manufacturing industry consequent on the American Civil War. In 1863 it was suggested that, to provide employment for the starving operatives, the government should start works of utility, profit and ornament, and Rawlinson being sent to make an official investigation into the question, reported, after visiting nearly 100 towns, that 1/2 million sterling might be advantageously expended in providing water-supply and drainage, forming streets, etc., in those places. The result was that the Treasury was authorised to advance 1,200,000 the amount was afterwards increased) for carrying out such works, which proved of enormous public benefit.
In 1866 he acted as chairman of the Royal Commission on the Pollution of Rivers, and a few years later was appointed chief engineering inspector to the Local Government Board; on retiring from this position in 1888 be was promoted to be KCB.
Between May 1894 and May 1895 he served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers.
Family and personal life.
Rawlinson died in London on 31 May 1898 and is buried there in Brompton Cemetery on the side of the main entrance path from the north gate.
He had married, in 1831, Ruth Swallow, daughter of Thomas Swallow, of Lockwood, Huddersfield. Lady Rawlinson died at her residence in West Brompton on 18 August 1902, aged 91.
Rawlinson amassed a sizebale art collection, including 5 paintings by Richard Ansdell and 3 paintings and 5 watercolours by Richard Dadd, which were sold in 1903, after his wife´s death.
External links.


USS LST-6

USS "LST-6" was an "LST-1"-class tank landing ship of the United States Navy. "LST-6 "served in the European Theater of Operations, participating in the Allied invasion of Sicily, the Salerno Landings, and the Normandy landings. She was mined and sunk on 17 November 1944.
Construction.
"LST-6" was laid down on 20 July 1942 at Dravo Corporation in Wilmington, Delaware, launched on 21 October 1942, sponsored by Mrs. H. E. Haven; and commissioned on 30 January 1943 with Lieutenant Benjamin J. Franklin in command.
Service history.
"LST-6" was assigned to the European Theatre and participated in the following operations, for which she received three battle stars:
"LST-6" participated in the landings at Omaha Beach as part of Assault Group O3. In August 1944, Lieutenant W.H. Weddle took command. "LST-6 "struck a mine and sank in the English Channel while returning from a supply movement from Portland to Rouen on 17 November 1944. She was struck from the Navy List on 22 December 1944.


TM-38 mine

The TM-38 was a rectangular, metal-cased Soviet anti-tank mine used during the Second World War. The mine had a large raised rectangular central pressure plate with four reinforcing creases. When enough pressure was applied to the plate it collapses pressing down on a bolt connected to an internal lever. The lever is pulls a retaining pin from the MUV fuze, which releases the striker, which impacts the MD-2 detonator.
The mine can be used with several anti-handling devices including an anti-lifting plate underneath the mine, and a device that connects the opening of the top of the mine to the fuze.
Although reasonably effective against wheeled vehicles and light tanks, it proved ineffective when used against heavier tanks later in the war. As a result, it was typically supplemented with larger charges underneath the mine. These would sometimes be rigged with additional MUV pull fuzes attached to the TM-38 mine, acting as a secondary anti-handling device.


Italian destroyer Ascari

Ascari was one of nineteen s built for the (Royal Italian Navy) in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Completed in mid-1939, she was the last of the first batch of a dozen ships to enter service.
Design and description.
The Soldati-class destroyers were slightly improved versions of the preceding . They had a length between perpendiculars of and an overall length of . The ships had a beam of and a mean draft of and at deep load. The Soldatis displaced at normal load, and at deep load. Their wartime complement during was 206 officers and enlisted men.
"Ascari" was powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam supplied by three Yarrow boilers. Designed for a maximum output of and a speed of in service, the Soldati-class ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded. They carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of at a speed of and at a speed of .
"Ascari"s main battery consisted of four 50-caliber guns in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. On a platform amidships was a 15-caliber 120-millimeter star shell gun. Anti-aircraft (AA) defense for the Soldatis was provided by eight Breda Model 1935 guns. The ships were equipped with six torpedo tubes in two triple mounts amidships. Although they were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers. The ships could carry 48 mines.
Construction and career.
"Ascari", built at the OTO shipyard in Livorno, was laid down on 11 December 1937, launched on 31 July 1938 and completed on 6 May 1939. She was the last ship of the first (pre-war) group of the "Soldati" class to enter service.
When Italy entered World War II on 10 June 1940, "Ascari" was part of the 12th Destroyer Division, together with sister ships , and . On 11 June "Ascari" and her sister ships carried out a reconnaissance mission in the Sicilian Channel.
On 9 July 1940 "Ascari" and her division participated in the Battle of Calabria; in the final phase of the battle, the 12th Destroyer Division was ordered to attack the British Mediterranean Fleet with torpedoes. "Ascari" fired a torpedo at a British cruiser, but without success. Between late July and early August "Ascari" was among the escorts in a large convoy operation to Libya, Operation "T.V.L".
On 5 October "Ascari" and the rest of the DesDiv 12 sailed from Taranto as part of the escort of a convoy heading for the Dodecanese (Operation CV), but the operation was cancelled after British battleships were sighted by aerial reconnaissance in the eastern Mediterranean. On 26–27 November 1940, "Ascari" participated in the Battle of Cape Spartivento; during the battle, "Lanciere" was hit by a 6in shell from the cruiser HMS "Manchester" that left her dead in the water, and "Ascari" took her in tow and towed the crippled ship to Cagliari.
In February 1941 "Ascari" participated in convoy operations between Italy and North Africa, and on 25 February she rescued the survivors of the light cruiser , that had been torpedoed and sunk by . Between 26 and 29 March 1941 "Ascari" and the rest of her division escorted the 3rd Cruiser Division during the Battle of Cape Matapan.
Between March and September 1941 "Ascari" escorted a number of convoys between Italy and Libya. Most of these convoys were successful, but on 24 May 1941 the troopship was torpedoed and sunk by with the loss of nearly 1,300 men.
On 23 September 1941 "Ascari" and sister ships laid a minefield off Malta, and on the following day they participated in a sortie by the 3rd and 8th Cruiser Divisions aimed at intercepting a British convoy, without success. On 13 December she joined a large convoy operation between Italy and Libya, "M. 41", which failed due to heavy attacks by aircraft and submarines. On 16 December "Ascari" took part in another large convoy operation to Libya, "M. 42", which was successful, despite a brief encounter with the escort of an Allied convoy to Malta, in an action known as the First Battle of Sirte.
Between January and March 1942 "Ascari" participated in the escorts of four more large convoy operations to Libya, "M. 43", "T. 18", "K. 7" and "V. 5", that were successful; the only loss during these operations was the troopship "Victoria", sunk by Allied torpedo bombers on 24 January 1942. "Ascari" rescued survivors from the transport. On 21–22 March "Ascari" took part in the Second Battle of Sirte.
On 13–15 June 1942 "Ascari", attached to the 10th Destroyer Division, participated in Operation Harpoon, attacking a British convoy to Malta together with the 7th Cruiser Division and 14th Destroyer Division. In the subsequent battle "Ascari", together with "Alfredo Oriani", engaged the escorting British destroyers, scoring hits on , and later finished off the tanker "Kentucky" and the steamer "Burdwan", previously disabled by Axis air strikes. Researcher Francesco Matessini said that "Ascari" sank the drifting "Burdwan" with two torpedoes. Between late 1942 and early 1943, "Ascari" participated in a number of minelaying missions in the Sicilian Channel, as well as escort and troop transport missions between Italy and Tunisia.
On 23 March 1943 "Ascari" sailed from Palermo carrying German troops towards Tunis, and was joined at sea by the sister ship and two other destroyers, and , also carrying German troops. At 7:18 on 24 March, "Lanzerotto Malocello" struck a mine laid by about 28 miles north of Cape Bon and was left dead in the water. It was initially thought that the ship had been torpedoed, and Commander Mario Gerini, "Ascari"s commanding officer and also in command of the destroyer group, ordered "Leone Pancaldo" and "Camicia Nera" to proceed towards Tunis as he tried with "Ascari" to bring help to "Lanzerotto Malocello", that sank about 90 minutes later. While rescuing "Lanzerotto Malocello"s survivors, however, "Ascari" hit in turn three mines, losing her bow and stern and finally sinking at 13:12, about 25 miles north of Zembretta. Some MAS boats sent from Bizerta and Pantelleria reached the scene after about four hours, and could only rescue 59 of the 533 troops and crew aboard "Ascari". Commander Gerini was lost together with 193 of his crew and 280 German soldiers.


Counter (footwear)


Charles Burnett Wilson

Charles Burnett “C.B.” Wilson (4 July 1850 – 12 September 1926) was a British and Tahitian superintendent of the water works, fire chief under King Kalākaua, and Marshal of the Kingdom under Queen Liliuokalani. Wilson was also the father of John H. Wilson.
Early years.
C. B. Wilson was born at sea, on a voyage between Tahiti and Fanning Island on July 4, 1850. His father Charles Burnett Wilson (1801–1853) was Scottish by ethnicity and a British subject but grew up in Papeete, Tahiti. He became a sea trader and captain of his own ship. He was moving his family to Fanning Island to establish a coconut plantation for producing coconut oil. His mother was Tetaria, a Tahitian chiefess. Wilson's father continued searching for unmapped islands in the Pacific. He was lost at sea en route from Australia to New Zealand in 1853. Tetaria, strained from the stresses of rearing two sons on a plantation island, handed over Wilson and his younger brother Richard to Captain Harry English who ran the plantation, while she returned to Tahiti. English left Wilson and his brother to a Captain Smith and his wife in Hawaii who ran a school which Wilson was enrolled in. Wilson was put on a career path of becoming a blacksmith. He married a hula dancer and friend of Liliuokalani, Eveline Townsend. Their son Johnny became a co-founder of the Democratic Party of Hawaii and Mayor of Honolulu in the 20th century.
Military service.
In 1866 Wilson joined the Honolulu Rifles, a militia unit. He was a Sergeant during the 1873 Barracks Revolt and was present in the standoff. He later joined the Royal Guard where he became one of a squad of personal bodyguards to King Kalākaua. During the Honolulu Courthouse Riot, an election riot by supporters of Queen Emma, who attacked the Legislature, Wilson rescued four representatives, three in a carriage by preventing rioters from overturning it, and catching one representative that was thrown out a courthouse window. On January 31, 1876 Wilson made First Lieutenant and Captain on March 16, 1877.
Water Works.
Wilson was appointed Superintendent of the Water Works July 1, 1882 and fire chief on July 1, 1886. In 1886 Wilson was accused of embezzling money from customer payments. An investigation by the Legislature found that a sum of approximately $16,000 were missing from the Water Works, and Wilson was blamed, although there is a possibility his predecessor was actually responsible. He paid back $10,000, Liliuokalani paid $5,000, and half of Wilson’s salary was garnished until the missing money was made up. Wilson became involved in a plot to overthrow Kalākaua and replace him with his sister Liliuokalani in what became known as the Dominis Conspiracy. The plot was discovered, the conspirators surrendered, but Wilson was not charged, possibly because he was suspected of merely having been playing both sides.
Marshal.
After the death of King Kalākaua, Liliuokalani inherited the throne January 29, 1891. Wilson was appointed Marshal of the Kingdom March 9 that year. Wilson had a strong secular view of running the police forces and loosely regulated Christian based laws on alcohol, gambling, and opium. He described these laws as “offenses created by statute, upon the commission of which the moral sense of the community apparently casts but little stigma.” On these matters warnings were issued for excessively inappropriate conduct, if not improved would lead to arrests. He supported legalizing opium to legitimize and better regulate the drug. Wilson's appointment to Marshal is still seen as a contradiction since the queen was a devout Christian.
Due to Wilson’s lenient interpretation of the law he made enemies with Social and Christian Conservatives. On the other side of the political spectrum the Liberals began to criticize Liliuokalani for not replacing the hated Bayonet Constitution and Wilson exposed a plot by members of the Liberal Party, calling themselves the Hawaiian Patriotic League, to overthrow the queen and replace the constitution themselves which became known as the Burlesque Conspiracy. Before the elections of 1892 Wilson himself confronted the Queen to create a new constitution, one speculation is that he threatened to lead a mutiny of the armed forces in protest of the 1887 Constitution.
Overthrow.
After populous pressure Liliuokalani began to draft a new constitution. On January 16, 1893 Wilson was tipped off by detectives to another coup to overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy this time by the Committee of Safety, the 13 leaders of the Hawaiian League a group within the Reform Party who had forced the Bayonet Constitution on King David Kalākaua, and were willing to overthrow the monarchy to maintain it. Wilson requested warrants to arrest the 13 member council, of the Committee of Safety, and put the Kingdom under martial law. Because the members had strong political ties with United States Government Minister John L. Stevens, the requests were repeatedly denied by Attorney General Arthur P. Peterson and the Queen’s cabinet, fearing if approved, the arrests would escalate the situation. After a failed negotiation with Thurston, Wilson began to collect his men for the confrontation. Wilson and Captain of the Royal Household Guard, Samuel Nowlein, had rallied a force of 496 men who were kept at hand to protect the Queen. However, concerned with the wellbeing of her woefully outnumbered men, she surrendered. Wilson was the last commander of the last garrison to surrender at HPD headquarters. In his battle plan he would have made use of the several artillery pieces and two Gatling machine guns of the royal guard, to compensate for their shortage in numbers.
Government in Exile.
Wilson went to Washington D.C. to lobby for the return of the monarchy even when the exiled Kingdom was dissolved in 1895 by Liliuokalani. He is regarded as the last of the former government to give up on restoration the Kingdom. Wilson joined the Hawaii Republican Party (formerly the Reform Party) believing it to be the only way to be an effective politician, but was kept a low ranking member. Despite his party affiliation he accused Republicans of denying his son, John, a civil engineer, government contracts because he was a Democrat, after these criticisms his son was given fair consideration and was able to win contracts. Wilson died in Honolulu September 12, 1926.


Antoine Favre-Salomon

Antoine Favre-Salomon (30 November 1734 – 17 August 1820) was a Swiss watchmaker. In 1796, he invented a pocket watch with an embedded musical mechanism. which was later recognised as the first "comb" music box. One of his surviving music boxes has been displayed at the Shanghai Gallery of Antique Music Boxes and Automata in Pudong's Oriental Art Center and is now in the Reuge museum in Kyoto, Japan.


Charles Steele von Stade

Charles Steele von Stade (November 24, 1919 – April 10, 1945) was a South Africa-born American polo champion.
Biography.
Personal life.
Charles Steele von Stade was born in Westbrook (Westville), Kwazulu Natal, South Africa on November 24, 1919 to Francis Skiddy von Stade, Sr. (1884–1967) and Kathryn Nevitt Steele (1896–1981). He was raised in Saratoga Springs, New York, and trained as an architect. He married Sara Worthington Clucas (1918–1983) in Gladstone, New Jersey on January 24, 1942.
Polo.
In 1941, together with John H. H. Phipps, Michael Grace Phipps and Alan L. Corey, Jr., he won the U.S. Open Polo Championship at the Meadow Brook Polo Club against the Westbury team (Gerald Dempsey, Earle Hopping, Stewart Iglehart and Windsor Holden White).
Military service.
Von Stade enlisted in the United States Army in March 1942, achieving rank of First Lieutenant. While fighting to liberate Europe from the Nazi regime in the Second World War, he was killed in action in Germany on April 10, 1945 when his Jeep ran over a land mine. He is buried at the Netherlands American Cemetery and Memorial in Eijsden-Margraten, Netherlands.
"Elegies".
During his time in service, Charles von Stade wrote several heart-felt letters to his wife, who was pregnant with their second child. Their daughter, Frederica von Stade, was born after he was killed in World War II, and grew to become an internationally renowned opera singer. She had long wished to turn some of the letters by her father into a song cycle. Eventually some of his words and expressions were fashioned into poems by Kim Vaeth and in 1997, Richard Danielpour completed composition of the music. The resulting work, entitled "Elegies", was a cycle of songs for mezzo-soprano, baritone, and chamber orchestra, which was performed at Carnegie Hall. According to "Classics Today", "The five songs form a sort of a conversation across the gulf of time between father and daughter. The text alludes to their separation, longing for each other, and their eventual reconciliation on the spiritual plane."
"Elegies" has been recorded by Sony Masterworks, with Frederica von Stade, Thomas Hampson, and the London Philharmonic Orchestra and Perspectives Ensemble conducted by Roger Nierenberg.


ABEC scale

The ABEC scale is an industry accepted standard for the tolerances of a ball bearing. It was developed by the Annular Bearing Engineering Committee (ABEC) of the American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA). The ABEC scale is designed to provide bearing manufacturers dimensional specifications that meet the standards of precision bearings in a specified class. Manufacturers who produce equipment that require bearings must also know the dimensional tolerances to design parts that will accommodate a bearing.
There are five classes from largest to smallest tolerances: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. The higher ABEC classes provide better precision, efficiency, and the possibility of greater speed capabilities, but do not necessarily allow the components to spin faster. The ABEC rating does not specify many critical factors, such as load handling capabilities, ball precision, materials, material Rockwell hardness, degree of ball and raceway polishing, noise, vibration, and lubricant. Due to these factors, an ABEC 3 classified bearing could perform better than an ABEC 7 bearing. Bearings not conforming to at least ABEC 1 cannot be classified as precision bearings as their tolerances are too loose.
The scale also works as a guide for consumers to make informed decisions about the type of bearing they desire, despite not knowing factors related to materials, manufacturing, and performance.
High rated bearings are intended for precision applications like aircraft instruments or surgical equipment. Lower graded bearings are intended for the vast majority of applications such as vehicles, mechanical hobbies, skates, skateboards, fishing reels and industrial machinery. High ABEC rated bearings allow optimal performance of critical applications requiring very high RPM and smooth operation.
ISO's equivalent standard is ISO 492. The German equivalent is DIN 620. The Japanese equivalent is JIS B1514.
Bearing Tolerance Illustrated.
For illustration, the figure shows the differences in tolerance per ABEC class in µm for a 20 mm inner diameter bearing. A 20 mm ABEC 7 bearing only has a 5 μm tolerance window, whereas an ABEC 1 has twice as wide a tolerance.


William Vetzal

William "Bill" Vetzal (Василь Вецал) (born May 15, 1943 in Oshawa, Ontario) is a Canadian bandura designer and manufacturer.
Vetzal studied the art of bandura making from the Honcharenko brothers in Detroit in the 1970s. Since then he has made over 480 instruments, many of which have incorporated significant design improvements in the construction and the system of mechanisms used to retune the instrument. As a result of consistent efforts in fine craftsmanship with the incorporation of contemporary technologies Vetzal has become the leading maker of banduras in the world.
Vetzal has made instruments for theUkrainian Bandurist Chorus, the Canadian Bandurist Capella and many notable concert bandurists in North America. His instruments are sent out to Ukraine. He has also passed on his bandura making skills and knowledge to Ukrainian craftsmen such as A. Zayaruzny, R. Hrynkiv and Ye. Ptashkin who have traveled to Canada to study under him.
Vetzal has had orders for instruments from around the world, including Ukraine. Instruments made by him are being used by prominent bandurists in Ukraine such as Volodymyr Yesypok and Volodymyr Voyt.
In addition to banduras, Vetzal has also made numerous other Ukrainian folk instruments including kobzas, tsymbaly, sopilkas, volynka-bagpipes, lira- hurdy-gurdies.


Hoeckens linkage

The Hoeckens linkage is a four-bar linkage that converts rotational motion to approximate straight-line motion. It is named after Karl Hoecken (1874−1962).
The Hoeckens linkage is a cognate linkage of the Chebyshev linkage and Chebyshev's Lambda Mechanism.
The linkage was first published in 1926.
A generalization of Hoeckens linkage is Wittgenstein's rod.


Pykhtino (Moscow Metro)

Pykhtino is a planned Moscow Metro station of the Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya line. It will be opened in 2022.


Manuel de Soto y Solares

Manuel de Soto y Solares (born 1839 in Sevilla, Andalucía – d. 1906) was a Spanish luthier.
Biography.
Manuel de Soto was born in Seville on 1 February 1839, the son of Manuel de Soto Castañón, also a guitar maker, and María del Carmen Solares. Both grandfathers (Manuel de Soto Castañón and Manuel Solares) were also guitar makers.
Manuel de Soto y Soares had his workshop at street Cerragería 7 in Seville and had a close relationship with Antonio de Torres, whose workshop was a few doors from his. According to Jose Ramirez III, if Torres made a guitar that didn't meet his expectations, he would sell it to Manuel who would sell it under his label
Guitars.
Manuel de Soto's guitars were influenced heavily by Antonio de Torres. He embraced enthusiastically Torres' style of construction and some important guitarists used his guitars, after Torres moved from Seville to Almeria in 1870. One of the most important ones was Juan Breva (1844–1918) who used a Manuel de Soto y Solares guitar made between 1870 and 1890.
There are only twenty or so guitars known by Manuel de Soto y Solares and all of them so that he was a highly skilled artisan.
He died of a heart attack on 28 July 1906.
His daughter Francisca de Soto kept the business and labelled her guitars as the successor to Manuel Soto (sucesora de Manuel de Soto).


Rod Keenan

Rod Keenan (born July 3, 1968, in Great Bend, Kansas) is an American milliner is the creator of a handcrafted men's headwear collection that is marketed under his label "Rod Keenan New York".
Early years and education.
Keenan grew up in Great Bend, Kansas; he graduated from the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, and he attended the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City and the Parsons School of Design in Paris, France.
Career.
Keenan is a famously reclusive New York milliner, who is well known in fashion circles for re-establishing men’s headwear as a fashion commodity in the early 1990s. Keenan is additionally noted for choosing to locate his design studio in the Manhattan neighborhood of Harlem, New York.
Inducted into the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) in 2006, Keenan has spent the past few years expanding his customer base from celebrities and fashion magazines to broader clientele of fashion consumers.
Inspiration.
Drawing on sources that are as divergent as the Dadaists, Elsa Schiaparelli, ancient Egypt, and Kurt Weill, Keenan maintains a characteristic New York vernacular, while he designs in the finest Italian tradition, and executes his work with British millinery precision.
Clientele.
In addition to creating hats for celebrities such as Elvis Costello, the Scissor Sisters, Snoop Dogg, Justin Timberlake, and Brad Pitt, among others, Keenan has also designed hats for designers Paul Smith and Dries van Noten. Additionally, Keenan's hat collections can be found in Barneys New York, and Harvey Nichols in London, England.


Steve Ralphs

Stephen Ralphs, or 'the bow and arrow man', is a traditional bowyer and film armorer. Born January 1955 in Plymouth, England and currently residing in Norfolk, England.
Steve is a full-time traditional bowyer and Grand Master of the Traditional Bowyers Guild: a closed society of Master craftsmen. He has manufactured archery equipment for such blockbusting cinematography as "Gladiator", "Kingdom of Heaven", "The 13th Warrior", "Eragon", "King Arthur", Arn – The Knight Templar and many other productions. He trains actors, stuntmen and extras for their demanding roles in front of the camera and behind.
Also an actor, he can also be found playing two roles in Ridley Scotts' Gladiator. He is both the Fire Archer and the captain of the Felix Archers who calls the orders out before the archery volley.
His work has taken him all over the World to countries as far a field as Sweden, Morocco and Hungary. Steve is the last "Ralphs" Bowyer in a line that stretches back to medieval England and the 15th century when his ancestors lived in the village of Marton in Shropshire, England.


Morehu Flutey-Henare

Morehu Greta Flutey-Henare (née Flutey; born 1952), also known as Aunty Morehu, is a New Zealand Māori tohunga raranga (master weaver) from the Ngāi Tahu, Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Māhanga, Ngāti Ruanui and Ngāpuhi iwi.
Biography.
Flutey-Henare began weaving as a teenager, making uniforms for kapa haka performers. She lectured in raranga (weaving) at Manukau Institute of Technology, and in 2009 she was appointed a lecturer in raranga at the Christchurch campus of Te Wānanga o Aotearoa. In 2014 Flutey-Henare completed a master’s degree in Indigenous Knowledge Practice, based on raranga, through He Waka Hiringa at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa in Hamilton.
In 2016, Flutey-Henare and Reihana Parata worked together to design woven mats of welcome which were installed using coloured paving stones in the rebuild of the Bridge of Remembrance area in central Christchurch.


Mr. John

John P. John (14 March 1902 – 25 June 1993) was an American milliner. According to the New York Times, "in the 1940s and 1950s, the name Mr. John was as famous in the world of hats as Christian Dior was in the realm of haute couture".
Born John Pico Harberger in Munich, Germany, Mr. John studied medicine at University of Lucerne, and art at the Sorbonne. Mr. John immigrated to the United States in 1919. He apprenticed to his mother, Madame Laurel, as a dressmaker, before forming a partnership with Frederick Hirst, as milliners known as John-Frederics, in 1929. He started his own millinery company, Mr. John, Inc., in New York in 1948.
Mr. John's most famous work was his millinery for Vivien Leigh in "Gone With The Wind". With a long association with Hollywood and Broadway, his hats were much in demand.
A famous anecdote about Mr. John goes that a woman came into his shop in urgent need of a hat. He built one up right on her head, but she balked when he named his price. He then disassembled the pieces and handed them to her. "That's $3.59," he said, "You make it."
Mr. John was an early licensor of his name & image. He partnered for that purpose in 1953 with Louis Blum of Kent Jewelry for Men as a licensee for Men's Costume Jewelry.
Mr. John was a humble man and attributed all of his success to Mary Pickford.
In 1993 Mr. John died at 91 in his Manhattan apartment.


San Francisco and Oakland Railroad

The San Francisco and Oakland Railroad (SF&O) was built in 1862 to provide ferry-train service from a San Francisco ferry terminal connecting with railroad service through Oakland to San Antonio. In 1868 Central Pacific Railroad decided that Oakland would be the west coast terminus of the First transcontinental railroad and bought SF&O. Beginning November 8, 1869, part of the SF&O line served as the westernmost portion of the transcontinental railroad. It subsequently was absorbed into the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP). The track in Oakland was electrified in 1911 and extended across the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge in 1939. Service was abandoned in 1941.
History.
The San Francisco and Oakland Railroad (and Ferry Co.) was formed in October 1861 under the leadership of Rodman Gibbons and other Oakland residents in order to provide transportation to Oakland by means of a ferry from San Francisco to a small wharf at Oakland Point where passengers could take a train into Oakland. Service began in September 1862 along 7th St. to a station in downtown Oakland at Broadway.
Traffic increased steadily so an extension of the line was planned. In 1864 the track was extended across a bridge over Indian Creek Slough, the outlet to Lake Merritt, then along private right-of-way adjacent to San Antonio Creek (Oakland Estuary) to the Commerce St. Wharf (foot of 14th Ave) in San Antonio.
The cost of the extension and of building a new larger ferry boat caused Gibbons and his associates to lose control of the company SF&O in 1865 to A. A. Cohen, president of the San Francisco and Alameda Railroad (SF&A). After Central Pacific Railroad (CP) decided in April 1868 to make Oakland the western terminus of the transcontinental railroad, its subsidiary purchased the majority of the stock of the struggling SF&O from A. A. Cohen in August 1868 and began to expand the small wharf at Oakland Point. In August 1869 the CP subsidiary also purchased the majority of the stock of SF&A, bankrupt by the 1868 Hayward earthquake. In 1870 they merged the two local railroads together and then brought them back into the Central Pacific.
Meanwhile, the Western Pacific Railroad (1862-1870) had surveyed a line from San Jose via Niles Canyon and Altamont Pass to Sacramento, but ran out of money in a 1866 dispute, after laying 20 miles of track from San Jose into the middle of Niles Canyon. By 1868, a CP subsidiary had purchased the WP line and then restarted the construction of it, through a contract with Turton, Knox & Ryan, beginning February 1868 from Sacramento working south to connect with the line beginning, later in June 1869, eastward from the point Western Pacific had stopped in Niles Canyon. Also in June 1869, they added a new line, through a contract with J. H. Strobridge, from Niles northwest towards Oakland. In September 1869 this new line towards Oakland was first connected temporarily to the SF&A at San Leandro. The first through Western Pacific train from Sacramento arrived on September 6, 1869 at the SF&A Alameda Terminal, and then by SF&A ferry to San Francisco, just in time for the opening of the 1869 State Fair in Sacramento, completing the first transcontinental railroad to the Pacific.
Two months later, the connection to the SF&O was made and the small Oakland Point wharf was expanded. On the morning of November 8, 1869, the first transcontinental train to use the expanded ferry terminal at Oakland Point traversed the SF&O line and the Western Pacific Railroad to get to Sacramento and continue east on the Central Pacific Railroad. The city of Oakland held a large celebration later in the day to greet the first westbound transcontinental train.
Having large amounts of long-distance passenger and freight railroad traffic traverse Oakland on 7th St., one of its main streets, was not a good idea for either the city or the railroad. During 1869 and 1870, a bypass track was constructed starting in San Antonio and using a new bridge across Indian Creek Slough that led to 1st St. and along this street to Oakland Point. Initially the bypass was used for freight trains only, but in later years, long-distance passenger trains used it also and a new station for them was built at 1st St. and Broadway (Jack London Square).
After 1879, the transcontinental trains no longer used the Altamont Pass Niles Canyon route, taking a shorter route from Sacramento via Benicia to reach Oakland Pier instead, but trains to Los Angeles continued to use the former SF&O and Western Pacific routes to reach San Jose.
On 7th St. there was still a large amount of traffic of local steam passenger trains as the service was extended farther into East Oakland. The Central Pacific Railroad was leased to the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1885. In 1911 the SP started electrifying its local train service in the East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area). The Oakland 7th St. line was extended to Dutton Ave. in San Leandro and carried the most passengers of any line in the system. In 1939, under the subsidiary company, Interurban Electric Railway (IER) the line was rerouted over the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge into the San Francisco Transbay Terminal. IER service on the 7th St. line was abandoned in March, 1941, but the track on 7th St. from Broadway to Pine St. was put back in service (1943–1946) during World War II to enable streetcars of the Key System to reach several military installations.
Ferryboats.
The first ferryboat used by the SF&O, the leased "Contra Costa", had previously been in service from San Francisco to the foot of Broadway. The lease ended in 1864 and the SF&O purchased the ferryboat "Louise" to replace it. With the extended railroad line, traffic increased considerably and the "Louise" was soon inadequate for regular service. The larger river packet "Washoe", having been damaged in an explosion, was purchased, extensively rebuilt as a ferryboat, and placed in service. In 1868, the Central Pacific Railroad controlled the SF&O and anticipated much increased traffic when the transcontinental railroad was completed to Oakland. They ordered a new even larger ferryboat, the "El Capitan", from a new shipyard at Oakland Point, and placed it in service.
Locomotives.
The SF&O originally purchased a small, unnamed, 2-2-0 type locomotive and a larger 4-4-4 type tank locomotive named the "Liberty". In 1863, needing another locomotive, the SF&O purchased a 2-2-4 type combination locomotive and express car from a line in San Francisco. It was unnamed, but was unofficially called "Old Betsy". By 1869, a more powerful locomotive was needed to pull longer trains, so a new 4-4-0 type locomotive was ordered and named the "Oakland". With the SF&O merged into the Central Pacific Railroad in 1870, the former SF&O locomotives were sent to various other locations on the CP system and CP locomotives were brought in to pull the local trains on 7th St.


Spur gear

Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder or disk with teeth projecting radially. Though the teeth are not straight-sided (but usually of special form to achieve a constant drive ratio, mainly involute but less commonly cycloidal), the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. These gears mesh together correctly only if fitted to parallel shafts. No axial thrust is created by the tooth loads. Spur gears are excellent at moderate speeds but tend to be noisy at high speeds.
Spur gear can be classified into two pressure angles, 20° being the current industry standard and 14½° being the former (often found in older equipment). Spur gear teeth are manufactured by either involute profile or cycloidal profile. When two gears are in mesh at one instant there is a chance to mate involute portion with non-involute portion of mating gear. This phenomenon is known as "interference" and occurs when the number of teeth on the smaller of the two meshing gears is less than a required minimum. To avoid interference we can have undercutting, but this is not a suitable solution as undercutting leads to weakening of tooth at its base. In this situation Corrected gears are used. In corrected gears Cutter rack is shifted upwards or downwards.
The spur gears can be classified into two main categories: External and Internal. The gears with teeth cut outside of the cylinder are known as external gears. The gears with teeth cut on the internal side of the cylinder are known as internal gears. An external gear can mesh with an external gear or an internal gear. When two external gears mesh together they rotate in the opposite directions. An internal gear can only mesh with an external gear and the gears rotate in the same direction. Due to the close positioning of shafts internal gear assemblies are more compact then external gear assemblies.
PCD and MOD.
In the case of Module (MOD) 4.0 spur gears:
There are two types of corrected gears: