Open access in New Zealand

Open access in New Zealand consists of policies and norms affecting making research outputs, data, and education materials openly available. This is influenced by tertiary education institutions as well as national government and changing international norms. The New Zealand Government has applied open access principles to its own work, adopting the New Zealand Government Open Access Licensing Framework (NZGOAL). It has not mandated that these apply to schools or the tertiary sector or to research funding agencies. Some tertiary education institutions have developed their own open access guidelines or policies but neither of the two major research funding agencies in New Zealand—the Marsden Fund and the Health Research Council—have done so, unlike Australia, Canada, Europe or the United States.
New Zealand Government and Open Access.
In 2010 the New Zealand Government adopted NZGOAL or the New Zealand Government Open Access Licensing Framework to provide "...guidance for agencies to follow when releasing copyright works and non-copyright material for re-use by others." The stated purpose of the framework is to unlock for reuse the large amounts of material generated by government agencies, since it is "widely recognised, in New Zealand and abroad, that significant creative and economic potential may lie dormant in such material when locked up in agencies and not released on terms allowing re-use by others." Essentially NZGOAL required government agencies to adopt a Creative Commons licence to data or information released with a high potential for public reuse. Version 2 of NZGOAL was finalised in December 2014. The framework has also had a software extension released to "let kiwi techies use government software to help build other innovative software".
A corollary government instrument was the Declaration on Open and Transparent Government in 2011, which sought "to commit to releasing high value public data actively for re-use, in accordance with the Declaration and Principles, and in accordance with the NZGOAL Review and Release process."
Version 1 of NZGOAL applied to all State Sector agencies, including the Public Service and Crown Entities but this specifically excluded tertiary education institutions. For Version 2 of NZGOAL, this wording was altered, with Public Service departments being directed to use NZGOAL, while other State Services were strongly encouraged to adopt it; school boards of were to be "invited" to do so.
Formal Open Access Policies in the tertiary sector.
In 2010 The Council of New Zealand University Librarians (CONZUL) -- a Committee of Universities New Zealand—released a Statement on Open Scholarship.
In 2013 a group of researchers, lawyers, librarians, research infrastructure providers, technology consultants, and software developers met at an open research conference formulating the 'Tasman Declaration' on open research, with the vision that "society [should be] able to access and reuse the outputs of publicly funded research for economic, societal, and environmental benefit." There were around 50 signatories to the Declaration, including those at the event and some who put their name to it after the conference itself. However, the Declaration has not made an impact on the open access landscape in New Zealand.
Subsequently, individual educational institutions have adopted their own open access policies, all following the self-archiving or so-called 'Green' open access model where staff are encouraged to deposit versions of their work in institutional repositories. Open Access Australasia maintains lists of institutional policies.
Open research repositories and journals.
Open Access Australasia maintains lists of institutional research repositories and open access journals hosted by New Zealand institutions.
Open access in the Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums sector.
OpenGLAM is a movement that was born out of the free culture movement. It promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works through free content. The New Zealand Electronic Text Centre was the first organisation to adopt OpenGLAM in 2008. Other institutions that have opened up their images, data and other content include The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, the National Library of New Zealand, Auckland War Memorial Museum, Upper Hutt City Library and Auckland Libraries.
Creative Commons licences.
Adoption of Creative Commons licences for use with open access materials New Zealand has followed similar patterns to other parts of the world and a New Zealand-specific version of the licence was adopted with version 3.0. With version 4.0 of the international licence New Zealand was the first to translate the English language licence into an indigenous language, the Māori language Te Reo Māori.


Crazy Sue

Crazy Sue is a 2D platform game, which was first released in 1990 in issue 1 of the "Amiga Fun" magazine by MC Publications. In the game the player takes the role of the little girl named "Crazy Sue", who must defeat the evil "Wizard of Doom".
The game spawned a sequel, "Crazy Sue Goes On".
Story.
The story is quite short and told in the intro screen. In the Land of Ereanor, people are in trouble because the evil Wizard of Doom is enslaving them. But there exists an old prophecy of a girl who can defeat the Wizard. That girl is Crazy Sue, who tries to reach the lair of the evil wizard during the game.
Gameplay.
The game is a standard platform game, where the main character is controlled with the joystick. Levels scroll horizontally, and in some levels the direction is fixed so you can only advance from left to right. After collecting the "Jumper" power up, large jumps are possible. And in later levels there is another power up allowing Crazy Sue to also shoot lollipops at enemies.
Crazy Sue dies if she falls out of the level, touches a monster or other deadly object, or if the time runs out. In all such cases she loses a life and the current level is restarted at the beginning.
Levels.
The game has 10 levels through which Crazy Sue runs and jumps. The first level starts at her house, from where she advances through a forest in level 2 and a desert in level 3, to cross a mountain in level 4. In level 5 she finds herself in a petrified forest, from where she continues over a long bridge over an abyss in level 6, to reach a castle in level 7. Level 8 and 9 play in the castle as well, and in level 10 Crazy Sue reaches the final boss in the dungeons below the castle.
The first few levels are completely linear, with the player starting at the very left, and the game scrolling to the right. Later they get more complicated, and in the castle there are many keys and doors through which you have to find the right way.
Enemies.
In the beginning, enemies simply follow fixed paths and need to be avoided. Later, once Crazy Sue gets the ability to shoot lollipops, monsters get more difficult and need to be killed, with the end game boss being the hardest of all, targeting shots directly at Crazy Sue.
Ports and re-releases.
When MC Publications was bought by German publisher Computec, the game was re-released in Germany in 1991, inside issue 1 of the "Amigo!" magazine. Later, the game apparently was released as a public domain game, on a disk numbered "PD Soft 2448". The actual authors of the game appear only as "Hironymus Jumpshoe" and "Thorin Oakenshield" for code and "DJ Braincrack" for artwork and music, but there is no information who these persons really are.
A conversion to PC and Atari ST was made for a German magazine around 1991. This was done by German programmers.


Believe in America


Best Friends (Froggy Fresh song)

"Best Friends" is a song by rapper Froggy Fresh from his debut album, "Money Maker (Re-Loaded)". It was originally released on May 31, 2012, under the name Krispy Kreme. The song was accompanied by a music video, just as "The Baddest", and all other of Froggy's songs. The video, Froggy's third overall, has accumulated over 6.5 million views, as of December 1, 2013.
Release.
"Best Friends" was released following "The Baddest", and "Haters Wanna Be Me". Both of the preceding songs thrust Froggy into the spotlight.
Music video.
The music video depicted the friendship between Froggy Fresh, and Money Maker Mike. It also displays the "beef" that Mike has with the main antagonist of Froggy's raps, James. James, a drug lord, kidnaps Mike. This propels Froggy to salvage his friendship, by rescuing Mike.
Reception.
The music video, just as Froggy's previous two, as well as his subsequent videos, went viral, being featured on "Complex", and "CollegeHumor", among other online publications.
One source used the video as a criticism and point to determine that Froggy is a troll.
The video was highlighted for having a more serious tone than his previous works. Froggy's shout out to rapper Tupac Shakur, at the end of the song, was also heavily noted.


Lincoln Savings and Loan Association

The Lincoln Savings and Loan Association of Irvine, California, was the financial institution at the heart of the Keating Five scandal during the 1980s savings and loan crisis.
History.
Lincoln Savings and Loan Association was founded in Los Angeles as a California chartered savings & loan in 1925.
Through the early 1980s, Lincoln was a conservatively-run enterprise, with almost half its assets in home loans and only a quarter of its assets considered at risk. It had slow growth at best, and had shown a loss for several years until it made a profit of a few million dollars in 1983.
Lincoln then became headed by Charles Keating, who as chairman of a housing construction company, American Continental Corporation, purchased Lincoln in February 1984 for $51 million. Keating fired the existing management. Over the next four years, Lincoln's assets increased from $1.1 billion to $5.5 billion.
Such savings and loan associations had been deregulated in the early 1980s, allowing them to make highly risky investments with their depositors' money, a change of which Keating took advantage.
Alan Greenspan sent a letter in February 1985 to officials of the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco supporting an application for an exemption for Lincoln to a bank board rule forbidding substantial amounts of some investments, yet the exemption was not granted to Lincoln.
When American Continental Corporation, the parent of Lincoln Savings, went bankrupt in 1989, more than 21,000 mostly elderly investors lost their life savings. Lincoln Savings was seized by federal authorities the day following American Continental's bankruptcy filing. This total came to about $285 million, largely because such investors held securities backed by the parent company rather than deposits in the federally insured institution, a distinction apparently lost on many if not most of them until it was too late. The federal government covered almost $3 billion of Lincoln's losses when it seized the institution. Many creditors were made whole, and the government then attempted to liquidate the seized assets through its Resolution Trust Corporation, often at pennies on the dollar compared to what the property had allegedly been worth and the valuation at which loans against it had been made. Charles Keating would be sent to prison for fraud.
At the time of the Federal seizure on April 14, 1989, Lincoln Savings was the 42nd largest savings & loan in the country with 29 branches throughout Southern California and assets of $5.4 billion and deposits of $4.4 billion but only $20 million in required capital on hand instead of the required $325 million in capital. It took two years for the RTC to liquidate Lincoln Savings. In March 1991, Beverly Hills-based Great Western Bank paid the RTC $12.1 million for 28 offices and $1 billion in deposits.


Oskar von Niedermayer

Oskar Ritter von Niedermayer (8 November 1885 – 25 September 1948) was a German General, professor and a German super-spy. Sometimes referred to as the German Lawrence (just like Wilhelm Wassmuss), Niedermayer is remembered for having led the 1915–1916 Persian and Indo-German-Turkish mission to Afghanistan and Persia during World War I in an endeavor to incite the Emir Habibullah Khan to attack British India, as a part of the Persian and Hindu German Conspiracy as an adjunct to the German War effort. Between the World Wars, Niedermayer was associated with the Universities of Munich and Berlin.
Early life and career.
Oskar Niedermayer came from a Regensburg official and merchant family. On 15 July 1905 he joined the 10th Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment (Erlangen) as an Officer Cadet. After being promoted to Lieutenant, he received within the Army the educational opportunity to study Natural Sciences, Geology and philology at Erlangen University. He was guided by Georg Jacob, a philologist of Semitic cultures, and picked up 'fairly fluent English and Russian, passable Arabic and Turkish and modern Persian.' Subsequently, whilst retained on full military pay he asked for, and was granted, a two-year research trip furlough (Разведка) from the Army during which he traveled through Persia and India. His stated intent was to carry out excavations and study Islamic practices in Persia - though military intelligence must have figured in the decision to give him two years of paid leave. He sketched relief maps of the area between Tehran and the Caspian. Niedermayer is the first known European to cross the Lut Desert. Having reached Asterabad in the spring of 1913 he spent nearly five months compiling a huge dossier on Shia practices for German intelligence. In May 1913 he met Percy Sykes, Britain's super-spy in Persia. Sykes did not believe Niedermayer's cover story that he was in Persia to carry out geological and anthropological investigations for a moment. Niedermayer travelled next to Isfahan, and then to Bushire. In February 1914 he was debriefed by Wilhelm Wassmuss who was so impressed by him that he recommended him, in August 1914, to Max von Oppenheim as the man to lead the German Afghan mission.
Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, in May 1914 he returned to Europe. On 15 December 1914 the German Military Command dispatched Niedermayer with a small expeditionary military team to Afghanistan with the aim of forging an alliance with the indigenous populations there using his knowledge of their culture to try to incite a revolt against the British Empire's presence in India & Persia, in a similar strategy to that which would later by used by Lawrence of Arabia against the Ottoman Empire during the Arab revolt. On 26 September 1915 the Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition reached Kabul, but despite his efforts nothing of a decisive practical nature emerged from his work with Emir Habibullah. In May 1916 he and his team received orders to withdraw from Afghanistan and attach itself to the authority of the Ottoman Empire, involving a dangerous return march through hostile Russian territory, which was accomplished on 1 September 1916. On arrival Niedermayer received orders from the German Military Mission to the Ottomans, commanded by Field Marshal Baron Colmar von der Goltz, that he was to commence similar work to that which he had attempted in Afghanistan amongst the Arabic tribes within Ottoman Imperial territory aimed at targeting the British Imperial authority in the Middle East.
In early 1918 he was recalled to Germany, arriving in Berlin at General Headquarters on 28 March. Niedermayer was awarded for his work in the Orient the Militär-Max-Joseph-Orden and subsequently posted with the rank of Captain to the Western Front, where he took part in fighting in the Champagne and Flanders before the war ended in November 1918.
Between wars.
At the end of World War I, Niedermayer was on leave and had an opportunity to recommence his academic life at the University of Munich studying Literature and Geography for two more semesters. Whilst there he obtained a D.Phil. "summa cum laude". During this period also, commencing on April 29, 1919, he was appointed Director of the Publicity Department of Freikorps Epp, the Munich City Council's Republican Force. On 12 December 1919 Niedermayer returned to the Army from academe. Initially he served in the H.Q. of the 23rd Division and was adjutant to Reichswehr Minister Otto Gessler. On 23 December 1921 Niedermayer ostensibly resigned from the army, but this was used as cover for work in the at that time unofficial Soviet Union Section of the German Army. Until 1932 he worked in the Reichswehr office in Moscow, when he returned to Germany and officially rejoined the Wehrmacht, being assigned to the 2nd Prussian Artillery Regiment. On 29 January 1933, he again resigned from active service with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and turned to a scholastic career. On 31 July 1933 he presented a thesis entitled "Growth and Migration in the Russian Nation" and took up a position as a lecturer in Geography and at the University of Berlin. On 27 July 1937, at the express request of Adolf Hitler, Niedermayer took up a teaching post at the Institute for Compulsory Military Doctrine at Berlin University. Meanwhile, he had re-enlisted on 1 November 1935 as a reserve officer in the Army. On 1 October 1939 he was called up from the Reserve List and appointed to a post as Colonel in the supreme command of the Wehrmacht (OKW).
World War II.
On the outbreak of the War the Nazi leadership sought to utilize Niedermayer's knowledge of Slavic culture to assist with the management of occupation of Poland, however, he used personal contacts amongst the Army general staff to agitate for a more active role in the war for himself. Nevertheless, he rejected the High Command of the Army’s request on February 20, 1941 again. Thus Niedermayer turned down on 25 May 1941 again personally to Wilhelm Keitel (1882–1946), the chief of OKW. Admittedly, he had the opportunity to participate in some courses, but until May 30, 1942 Niedermayer stayed with the leadership of the 162nd Turkoman Division instructed. This was not a regular Division, but simply a bar, which was scheduled, in the hinterland of the Army Group in the South of Ukraine, from (Caucasian, Turkestani, Georgian, Armenian) POWs troops formed against the Soviet Union’s advance in Ukraine. This task was transferred to him, because he was known in the previous years, due to many articles and memoirs as a connoisseur of the geography and peoples of the profiled regions. The division was first installed in the Ukraine, where they and Niedermayer were responsible for the training of the so-called "Ostlegionen", until February 1943, and from then to autumn of 1943 they were reinstalled in Neuhammer German Reich. There the Legion was reclassified as a Division, but it was still made of Caucasian, Georgian and Turkotartari soldiers. As commander of this division in Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral, he fought against Slovene Partisans in the Battle of Kočevje, rescuing the besieged garrison in Kočevje.
In March 1944, the Ostlegionen relocated to Italy, to try to halt the Allied advance there as a part of the 10th Army, the Division deployed in Italy on 9 June 1944 on an increasingly precarious front, however Niedermayer by this time was no longer its Commander, having been replaced on 21 May 1944 on the orders of Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, who had few weeks before in a written personal assessment of Niedermayer reported: “His education is above average... It is, however, more of a scholastic nature than of use in a practical fighting command application. in decision-making he is hesitant, and his command leadership style is too slow in reaction." (Cited in: Charles W. Seidler:Ritter Oskar Niedermayer of the Second World War, in: Researchers brigadeRundschau, 4, 1970, S.203) Niedermayer now became the commander of voluntary associations by the Supreme Commander of Weststaggered. The details of his work there are not known. However, in August 1944, he had come to a view which was disparaging of Hitler's Ostpolitik. Two officers of his staff reported this to the Nazi Authorities and Niedermayer was arrested and charged with advocating defeatism against Nazi Germany. He was Court Martialed at Torgau. Numerous friends and associates, including Heinrich Himmler, provided character references during the hearing stating Niedermayer's merits and history of service to Germany, but he was jailed and not released from Torgau prison until end of the war. After the capitulation of Germany on May 9, 1945 whilst attempting to return to his hometown of Regensburg, at Carlsbad the Red Army arrested him, and he was deported to the U.S.S.R, and a Moscow prison, where he contracted tuberculosis. A Russian court martial sentenced him to 25 years in prison, which he was sentenced to serve in the prison of Vladimir (German: Wladimir), where he died on 25 September 1948 in the prison's hospital.


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Casebook (video game)

Casebook is an episodic interactive movie point-and-click adventure game developed by New Zealand studio Areo Cinematic Games and published by Big Fish Games.
Gameplay.
The game is played from the perspective of a crime set investigator tasked with solving a series of murders. The player is accompanied by a detective named James Burton. Players search for clues using a point-and-click system to explore various locations. Players are then graded on how well they searched and how many "hints" they used to uncover the evidence. Environments are rendered primarily using Full motion video technology. Mini-games serve to break up the FMV segments.
Plot.
The plot is broken up into four episodes. Episode 0 acts as a demo for the game, with the player being asked to assist Detective Burton in locating his uncle's ashes. Episode 1 is entitled "Kidnapped" and tasks the player with investigating the kidnapping of the Bichermann kids. Episode 2 is entitled "The Watcher" and concerns a purported suicide attempt by a young man in an apartment building. Episode 3 is entitled "Snake in the Grass" and concerns an assortment of cases occurring within a garden.
Reception.
Each episode of casebook received moderately positive reviews, with reviewers praising the game's revival of FMV technology while criticizing the game's mini-games as tedious and not interesting.


P. Allen Smith

Paul Allen Smith, Jr. (born March 12, 1960) is an American television host, garden designer, conservationist, and lifestyle expert. He is the host of three television programs. "P. Allen Smith's Garden Home" and "P. Allen Smith's Garden to Table" are distributed to public television by American Public Television. His 30-minute show "Garden Style" is syndicated by The Television Syndication Company. Smith is one of America's most recognized gardening and design experts, providing ideas and guidance through multiple media venues. He is the author of the Garden Home series of books published by Clarkson Potter/Random House, including "Bringing the Garden Indoors: Container, Crafts and Bouquets for Every Room" and the cookbook, "Seasonal Recipes from the Garden", inspired by the abundance of food from his farm and a family of cooks. In 2014, Smith's television shows were successful at the Taste Awards with Smith returning to Little Rock with four Taste Awards. In 2015, Smith was inducted into the Taste Hall of Fame for his significant impact in the world of taste and broadcast entertainment. "Garden Home" won a 2017 Taste Award for "Best Green or Organic Program".
Life and work.
Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, and raised in McMinnville, Tennessee, Smith is a fourth-generation nurseryman and horticulturalist. Inspired by a childhood spent on the farm raising and showing livestock and poultry, he has led a life of promoting good stewardship of the earth. In 2009, Smith founded the Heritage Poultry Conservancy, an organization dedicated to the preservation and support of all threatened breeds of domestic poultry. He attended Hendrix College, graduating in 1983, and received a Rotary International Scholarship to study garden design and history at the University of Manchester in England, where he also studied English gardens that had been visited by John Adams and Thomas Jefferson in the 18th century.
After returning to the United States, he entered the nursery and garden-design business with his family in Little Rock, Arkansas, where he focused on reviving interest in perennials. Smith also became a private tour guide to European gardens and started teaching gardening workshops, which then led to appearances on local television shows.
In the half-hour episodes of "P. Allen Smith Garden Home", Smith empowers people to discover their own style and to create beautiful indoor and outdoor living spaces in their own homes. His mission is to connect with people, cultivate health and mindfulness, and ultimately inspire others to live a more natural life. He shares lifestyle trends and stories of people who are making a positive impact in their communities. Some episodes are filmed at Smith's Arkansas Home, Moss Mountain Farm, near Little Rock, Arkansas.
Smith has also appeared frequently on The Weather Channel, the "CBS Early Show", the NBC "Today Show" and other national TV programs teaching viewers gardening and design techniques. He has also written several books on gardening and contributes pieces to numerous publications.
Smith's design firm, P. Allen Smith & Associates, specializes in estate master planning, garden design and installation, with projects at public institutions, private corporations, and family estates. He is a former Board Member of the Royal Oak Foundation (the American partner of England's National Trust) and has contributed to preservation efforts at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello and George Washington's Mount Vernon among other historic properties. He is a Certified Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society and is an Honorary Member of the Garden Club of America. Smith received the Garden Club of America's 'Medal of Honor' in 2006 at the GCA's 93rd Annual Meeting Awards Dinner in Denver, Colorado.
Homes.
Located in the historic Quapaw Quarter of Little Rock, Arkansas, the original Garden Home is a 1904 Colonial Revival cottage surrounded by a series of garden rooms designed by Smith. He purchased the house for one United States dollar and relocated it to a vacant lot. The bargain price was contingent on Allen receiving permission from the local historical commission to move the home from its original site and restore it elsewhere in the city. This garden was created to illustrate his 12 principles of design, the basis of his first book in the Garden Home series.
Smith also built Moss Mountain Farm, also known as The Garden Home Retreat, which is located on the banks of the Arkansas River. It encompasses more than 500 acres of land dating back to 1840. The centerpiece is the cottage, built in the American Greek Revival style and constructed in an eco-friendly manner. Directly behind the cottage is the croquet lawn, which is framed by a summer kitchen and art studio. The surrounding garden includes a fountain garden that separates two wings of garden rooms filled with a mix of annuals, herbs, perennials, roses, shrubs and ornamental grasses. Beyond the flower gardens are orchards filled with heritage apple trees, stone fruit and blueberries, a one-acre vegetable garden, a bluebird trail, wildflower fields and a daffodil hill, which overflows with more than 300,000 daffodils blooming each spring. Various outbuildings, from barns to mobile chicken homes, are located throughout the grounds and surrounding pastures. Moss Mountain Farm is open to the public on select days and is available for hosting special events and weddings.
Publications.
Smith has authored the following books:


Hilary French

Hilary F. French is a prominent environmental analyst. She is a Program Officer at the United Nations Environment Programme's Regional Office for North America. She worked previously for many years at Worldwatch Institute, where she served in many capacities, including as Vice President for Research, as Director of the Globalization and Governance Project, as Senior Advisor for Programs, and as a Senior Researcher. Educated at Dartmouth College and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, French interned for the United Nations in the Ivory Coast and in Geneva at the UN Development Program and the UN Institute for Disarmament Research and worked briefly for Ashoka before joining Worldwatch in 1987.
In addition to Worldwatch documents, French is the author of "Vanishing Borders: Protecting the Planet in the Age of Globalization" (Norton, 2000) which has been widely translated.
She is married to Christopher Flavin, President Emeritus of Worldwatch Institute, also a prominent environmental and resource analyst.


Radio Advertising Bureau (UK)

The Radio Advertising Bureau (RAB) was an organisation funded by UK commercial radio stations to help advertising agencies advertise effectively on radio. In 2006, it merged with the Commercial Radio Companies Association (CRCA) to form RadioCentre, the industry body for UK commercial radio. Trading was however kept under the RAB name until .


Reverie (video game)

Reverie is an action-adventure video game developed by New Zealand-based indie studio Rainbite, first released on 5 April 2018.
Gameplay.
Reverie features open world exploration, real-time combat, dungeons and boss fights inspired by New Zealand's history, culture and environment, showing influences from classic SNES games including "EarthBound" and "".
Development.
In February 2019, Reverie: Sweet As Edition released on Nintendo Switch with added features. Reverie is Rainbite's first video game and released on the PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, and later the Nintendo Switch. Social media promotion kept the marketing budget to "zero dollars", instead engaging with Twitch streamers and passionate users of the PlayStation Vita library to build a fanbase.
Critical response.
The game received "generally favorable reviews", according to review aggregator Metacritic.


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LandView

LandView is a public domain GIS viewer designed to display United States Census Bureau, Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) data. The current version is LandView 6.
LandView is related to the CAMEO system (Computer-aided Management of Emergency Operations), in that they share the same mapping program (MARPLOT).


CHS Electronics

CHS Electronics is a former multinational distributor of microcomputer products, personal computers, peripherals, networking products, and software.
It was based in Miami, Florida from its 1994 founding to its 2000 collapse.
Description.
The company sold hardware and software products such as local area networks, disk drives, printers, personal computers, random access memory chips, central processing units and integrated circuit boards. The principal vendors of the company included Seagate Technology, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, IBM, Sun and Creative Labs, 3Com, Microsoft, Epson, and Intel.
It was a leading international distributor of microcomputers, peripherals, and software to more than 130,000 resellers in 46 countries in Europe, Latin America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, until its bankruptcy due to an investigation of tax fraud. The companies customers include assemblers of non branded component products and resellers.
History.
It was founded by Venezuelan entrepreneur Claudio Osorio in 1994. He was sent to prison in 2012, after a federal judge sentenced him to 12½ years, for running a $40 million investment fraud through InnoVida, another one of his companies. According to an indictment, between 2006 and 2011 Osorio conspired to steal $40 million from 10 investors and an additional $10 million from a federal government program.
Mergers.
In 1997 the company acquired Karma International for $160 million.
In 1998, the company acquired Metrologies International SA, subsidiaries of SiS Distribution Ltd, and 14 other acquisition. That year CHS Electronics ranked number 320 on the 1998 Fortune 500 list of the largest U.S.-based industrial corporations, with sales of $7.5 billion and net income of $87.9 million for the last four quarters. It was one of the few South Florida businesses on the Fortune 500 list of top-selling U.S. firms then.
Demise.
The company reported a $45 million accounting discrepancy that ended up cutting its 1998 profits by about half.
Due to the massive operating losses, due to problems managing its large debt and losing money, in 1999 it was forced to sell its subsidiaries in Europe and Latin America. The company also cut 10% of its workforce that year.
The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in February 2000.
The company ceased operations and was liquidated later in 2000.
Class action lawsuit.
A class action lawsuit was filed in 2000, alleging securities fraud after the company collapsed.
Shareholders sued CHS and its executives, accusing them of misleading investors, artificially inflating CHS' stock price, overstating profits and income, and fraudulently reducing expenses. The suit accused Osorio of personally manipulating the company's financial statements to show a profit, a practice referred to internally as "Claudio's magic." Osorio and other CHS executives settled the suit for almost $12 million.


Atari Lynx

The Atari Lynx is a 8/16-bit handheld game console that was released by Atari Corporation in September 1989 in North America, and in Europe and Japan in 1990.
It was the world's first handheld electronic game with a color LCD. It was also notable for its advanced graphics and ambidextrous layout. The Lynx competed with the Game Boy (released two months earlier), as well as the Game Gear and TurboExpress, both released the following year. It was discontinued in 1995.
History.
The Lynx system was originally developed by Epyx as the Handy Game. In 1986, two former Amiga designers, R. J. Mical and Dave Needle, had been asked by former manager at Amiga, David Morse, if they could come up with a design for a portable gaming system. Morse now worked at Epyx, a game software company that had a recent string of hit games. Morse's son had asked him if he could make a portable gaming system, prompting a meeting with Mical and Needle to discuss the idea. Morse convinced Mical and Needle to develop the idea and they were hired by Epyx to be a part of the design team. Planning and design of the console began in 1986 and was completed in 1987. Epyx first showed the Handy system at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in January 1989. Facing financial difficulties, Epyx sought out partners. Nintendo, Sega, and other companies declined, but Atari and Epyx eventually agreed that Atari would handle production and marketing, while Epyx would handle software development. Epyx declared bankruptcy by the end of the year, and Atari essentially owned the entire project; both Atari and others, however, had to purchase Amigas from Atari archrival Commodore to develop Lynx software.
The Handy was designed to run games from the cartridge format, and the game data must be copied from ROM to RAM before it can be used. Thus, less RAM is then available and each game's initial loading is slow. There are trace remnants of a cassette tape interface physically capable of being programmed to read a tape. Lynx developers have noted that "there is still reference of the tape and some hardware addresses" and an updated vintage Epyx manual describes the bare existence of what could be utilized for tape support. A 2009 retrospective interview clarifies that although some early reports claimed that games were loaded from tape, Mical says there was no truth in them: "We did think about hard disk a little."
Atari changed the internal speaker and removed the thumb-stick on the control pad before releasing it as the Lynx, initially retailing in the US at . Atari then showed the Lynx to the press at the Summer 1989 CES as the "Portable Color Entertainment System", which was changed to "Lynx" when actual consoles were distributed to resellers.
The Lynx started off successfully. Atari reported that they had sold 90% of the 50,000 units it shipped in its launch month in the U.S. with a limited launch in New York. US sales in 1990 were approximately 500,000 units according to the Associated Press. In late 1991, it was reported that Atari sales estimates were about 800,000, which Atari claimed was within their expected projections. Lifetime sales by 1995 amounted to fewer than 7 million units when combined with the Game Gear. In comparison, the Game Boy sold 16 million units by 1995 because it was more rugged, cost half as much, had much longer battery life, was bundled with "Tetris", and had a superior software library.
As with the actual console units, the game cartridges themselves evolved over the first year of the console's release. The first generation of cartridges were flat, and were designed to be stackable for ease of storage. However, this design proved to be very difficult to remove from the console and was replaced by a second design. This style, called "tabbed" or "ridged", used the same basic design as the original cartridges with the addition of two small tabs on the cartridge's underside to aid in removal. The original flat style cartridges could be stacked on top of the newer cartridges, but the newer cartridges could not be easily stacked on each other, nor were they stored easily. Thus a third style, the "curved lip" style was produced, and all official and third-party cartridges during the console's lifespan were released (or re-released) using this style.
In May 1991, Sega launched its Game Gear portable gaming handheld. Also a color handheld, in comparison to the Lynx it had a higher cost and shorter battery life (3–4 hours as opposed to 4-5 for the Lynx), but it was slightly smaller and was backed up by significantly more games.
Retailers such as Game and Toys "R" Us continued to sell the Lynx well into the mid-1990s on the back of the Atari Jaguar launch, helped by magazines such as "Ultimate Future Games" who continued to cover the Lynx alongside the new generation of 32-bit and 64-bit consoles.
Lynx II.
During 1990, the Lynx had moderate sales. In July 1991, Atari introduced the Lynx II with a new marketing campaign, new packaging, slightly improved hardware, better battery life and a new sleeker look. The new system (referred to within Atari as the "Lynx II") featured rubber hand grips and a clearer backlit color screen with a power save option (which turned off the LCD panel's backlighting). It also replaced the monaural headphone jack of the original Lynx with one wired for stereo. The new packaging made the Lynx available without any accessories, dropping the price to $99. Although sales improved, Nintendo still dominated the handheld market.
Decline.
In 1993, Atari started shifting its focus away from the Lynx in order to prepare for the launch of the Jaguar; a few games were released during that time, including "Battlezone 2000". Support for the Lynx would not be formally discontinued until 1995.
After the respective launches of the Sega Saturn and Sony PlayStation drastically caused the commercial failure of the Jaguar, Atari terminated all internal game and hardware development in late 1995 and, by early 1996, agreed to a reverse merger with JTS, Inc. which was completed on July 30, 1996.
Features.
The Atari Lynx's features include being the first color handheld, with a backlit display, a switchable right- and left-handed (upside down) configuration, and the ability to network with up to 15 other units via its Comlynx system (though most games would network eight or fewer players). Comlynx was originally developed to run over infrared links (and was codenamed RedEye). This was changed to a cable-based networking system before the final release. According to Peter Engelbrite, when players walked through the beam, the link would be interrupted. The maximum stable connection allowed was eight players. Engelbrite also developed the first recordable eight-player co-op game, and the only eight-player game for the Atari Lynx, "Todd's Adventures in Slime World", using the Comlynx system. Each Lynx needed a copy of the game, and one cable could connect two machines. The cables could be connected into a chain.
The Lynx was cited as the "first gaming console with hardware support for zooming and distortion of sprites". Featuring a 4096 color palette and integrated math and graphics co-processors (including a blitter unit), its pseudo-3D color graphics display was said to be the key defining feature in the system's competition against Nintendo's monochromatic Game Boy. The fast pseudo-3D graphics features were made possible on a minimal hardware system by co-designer Dave Needle having "invented the technique for planar expansion/shrinking capability" and using stretched, textured, triangles instead of full polygons.
Reception.
The game system was reviewed in 1990 in "Dragon", which gave the Lynx 5 out of 5 stars. The review states that the Lynx "throws the Game Boy into the prehistoric age", and praises the built-in object scaling capabilities, the multiplayer feature of the ComLynx cable, and the strong set of launch games.
Legacy.
Telegames released a number of games in the second half of the 1990s, including a port of "Raiden" and a platformer called "Fat Bobby" in 1997, as well as an action sports game called "Hyperdrome" in 1999.
On March 13, 1998, nearly three years after the Lynx's discontinuation, JTS Corporation sold all of the Atari assets to Hasbro Interactive for $5 million. On May 14, 1999, Hasbro, which would hold on to those properties until selling off Hasbro Interactive to Infogrames in 2001, then released into the public domain all rights relating to the Atari Jaguar, declaring it an open platform and allowing anyone to freely create and publish software for the Jaguar without the need of a license; the Atari Lynx, through internet theories, may have also been opened up to the public at the same time as the Jaguar, but this is clearly disputed. Nevertheless, since after discontinuation, the Lynx, like the Jaguar, has continued to receive support from a vast community of fans which would go on to produce many successful homebrew games such as "T-Tris" (the first Lynx game with a save-game feature), "Alpine Games", and "Zaku".
In 2008, Atari was honored at the 59th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for pioneering the development of handheld games with its Lynx game unit.


Vi veri universum vivus vici

Vi veri veniversum vivus vici is a modern Latin phrase meaning: "By the power of truth, I, while living, have conquered the universe".
Due to the popularity of Alan Moore's graphic novel "V for Vendetta", the phrase has been incorrectly though commonly attributed to Christopher Marlowe's "Doctor Faustus", but the source of this attribution, as well as the origin of the phrase itself, appears to be Aleister Crowley's "The Herb Dangerous (Part II) : The Psychology of Hashish. By Oliver Haddo". Since in the Latin alphabet, there is no distinction between U and V, the phrase can be abbreviated V.V.V.V.V., standing for .
In the 1998 revised edition of Crowley's diary, the list of abbreviations describes "V.V.V.V.V" as Crowley's "8°=3° A∴A∴ motto".
The phrase is apparently first mentioned as Faust's motto in Robert Nye's novel "Faust" (1980).
This attribution is taken up in "V for Vendetta" (1982–1988). Here, the initialism "V.V.V.V.V." appears embossed in an arch of V's hideout the "Shadow Gallery" — the character of "V" explains that these stand for the phrase "Vi veri veniversum vivus vici", attributing the phrase to "a German gentleman named Dr. John Faust".
In the film adaptation (2005), the same phrase appears instead on a mirror, also inside "V"'s Shadow Gallery, and the character "V" says the quotation is "from Faust". The phrase used in the book and film is incorrect, as "veniversum" is not a word in Latin.
The phrase also appears in Alan Moore's Promethea, issue #20, "The Stars Are But Thistles" when Sophie Bangs and Barbara Shelley encounter a woman, Alice, who might be Aleister Crowley, riding a camel on Route 13, gimel of the kabbalistic Tree of Life - the path from Tiphareth to Kether. Alice points to the markings behind her - V.V.V.V.V. - and notes them to be like five footprints of a camel.


Dance, Voldo, Dance

Dance, Voldo, Dance is a machinima-based music video produced in 2002 by Chris Brandt. The video, created using the fighting game "Soulcalibur", features two players both controlling the character Voldo, using existing in-game animation to have the characters perform a synchronized dance to the song "Hot in Herre" by musician Nelly. The result of over a week's full-time preparation and training, the video was conceived after Brandt noticed the character's animations and attacks could be triggered in sync with the beat of a song, and the reactions of onlookers to such a display. While several groups demonstrated interest in showcasing the video, complications arose from the copyright holders whose works were involved in creation.
The video has been well received, cited as one of the first examples of machinima-based music videos, and has since spawned several fan-based imitations with Voldo dancing to various songs. Several sources such as "The Village Voice" have praised the video for its choreography and presentation, while several books and college professors have cited it as a notable example of machinima animation in lectures on the subject. It was also nominated at the 2005 Machinima Film Festival awards for Best Virtual Performance, and served as part of an exhibit for the San Jose Museum of Art.
Conception and creation.
In February 2002, Chris Brandt and Jesse Reklaw played "Soulcalibur" during a party hosted by Landry Walker. Both Brandt and Reklaw were using the Voldo character, but rather than fighting, Reklaw was making the character do herky-jerky moves. Brandt decided to mimic Reklaw's gameplay, resulting in what he describes as "an impromptu dance of sorts". When the party music changed to "Move Bitch", Brandt noticed a consistent time interval for all of Voldo's motions, and had the character's movement follow the beat of the music. Reklaw noticed and followed in rhythm, entertaining other party guests with the results.
In September, Brandt met up with Reklaw and other friends, and the subject turned to what had happened in February. Deciding to demonstrate it, the two played against each other using Voldo again, with the characters "dancing" to various songs. Noticing that everyone was entertained by the homoerotic nature of Voldo's animation, Brandt decided to develop a music video.
In October, realizing he lacked the funds to pursue his bigger art projects, Brandt decided to work on the Voldo video project using the song "Hot in Herre". However, the only partner he had to create the video with was his roommate, M., who initially wanted nothing to do with it. After seeing Brandt work on the concept by himself however, M. agreed to help as long as he remained anonymous, and the project's schedule fit around his drinking habit. Development of the choreography was completed the next day, and the following five days were devoted to producing the video at five-hour intervals for each day, while the music played through the television via a PlayStation 2's audio cable. However, by the fifth day, both realized that the music was actually distracting, and Brandt recorded himself counting out the beat of the song. Using this as the audio track, they were able to complete the project easily, and after editing the video Brandt released two versions online, with the latter utilizing the song "Kiss" by Prince.
In 2004, Brody Condon showed the video at a gaming/machinima conference in Australia. Interest was shown by G4TechTV, MTV, and Microsoft to feature the video on their respective media; however, they hit complications with both the copyright holders of "Soulcalibur", Namco, and Nelly, whose agents wanted $100,000 to license the song. To rectify the latter problem, Brandt contacted a musician he had worked with on another project, Tana Rusitanonta, who'd expressed interest in producing his own music for the character, to produce a song that sounded similar to the original without infringing on the copyright, producing the "final" version of the video. However, shortly thereafter Namco explicitly stated they would not license the character for such means, and discussions ceased.
Critical reception.
Since its release, "Dance, Voldo, Dance" has been well received by the public, appearing briefly on the popularity index Popdex's "Top 10". Several fan-made machinima have followed suit, each using the same concept of two Voldo characters dancing to various songs. In 2005, it was nominated for Best Virtual Performance at the Machinima Film Festival. In 2006, from January 21 to April 29 it was featured at the San Jose Museum of Art as part of their "Heavenly Bodies" exhibit.
At the 2006 Machinima Film Festival, Machinima.com founder Hugh Hancock and Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences founder Paul Marino cited "Dance, Voldo, Dance" as one of the first examples of machinima-based music videos. The book "SwanQuake: The User Manual" described it as a difficult form of machinima to characterize, describing it "genre-bending work" and having elements of puppetry, moviemaking, and choreography. Another book, "The Machinima Reader", described it as "an ingenious fight-as-dance choreography", citing the "sexualized virtual identity" of the character combined with the original soundtrack. In "Developing Interactive Narrative Content", Georgia Institute of Technology assistant professor Michael Nitsche compared the animation to virtual puppetry in that it was rooted solely on in-game animation, yet also used it as an example to illustrate that such material could be entertaining. In "Medien Körper Imagination", the motions used in the video were described as both descriptive and often prescriptive, comparing it to time and motion studies.
"The Village Voice" described it as a "virtuoso in-game performance", describing it as one of the most impressive works showcased at 2005 Machinima Film Festival. The book "Playing with Videogames" called it "extraordinarily skillful and humorous", citing it as both a suspension of the game's normal purpose by players with "parodic humor" and one of the defining moments in machinima. In a study of video games as an art form, University of Montreal lecturer Martin Picard cited it as an example of machinima and performance, calling it "perfectly choreographed" and a "superb example of gameplay and performance". University of California professor Michael Mateas stated he enjoyed the dance performance of the presentation in light of more narrative forms of machinima, adding that it was enhanced by Voldo's "S&M attire".


Transport (recording)

A transport is a device that handles a particular physical storage medium (such as magnetic tape, audio CD, CD-R, or other type of recordable media) itself, and extracts or records the information to and from the medium, to (and from) an outboard set of processing electronics that the transport is connected to.
A transport houses no electronics itself for encoding and decoding the information recorded to and from a certain format of media. It only extracts and records information to the media, as well as handling mechanical operations for accessing the media itself, such as playing or rewinding a tape, or accessing the tracks on a disc.
An example of a transport for a storage medium would be an audiophile-grade audio CD transport, which houses no D/A converter, unlike most ordinary audio CD players. Instead, the audio CD transport is connected to an external D/A converter via a coaxial (SPDIF) or optical (Toslink) digital audio connection to convert the digital audio information to analog for interfacing to most audio equipment.
Here are some other examples of transports for recorded media:


Donald Barrett (businessman)

Donald W. Barrett is one of the most successful in Direct Response Marketing. The Boston Herald dubbed him The Infomercial King. He has created more winning TV infomercials than anyone since 1984 when they commenced. He founded ITV Direct, a company which produces infomercials for broadcast in the United States.
He claims to market products that only, "positively impact people lives" " He has also promoted Lorraine Day, and other alternative medical practitioners. He founded ITV Ventures, an affiliate company which offers the public network marketing opportunities connected to its infomercial business. ITV closed on October 3, 2008.
On September 24, 2013, Barrett became the co-host of Unspoken Cures Radio, along with Matthew Ryncarz. Unspoken Cures Radio used to be known as Fusion Power Hour, and is broadcast on the Arena Sports Network.
Controversy.
On April 19, 2004, Barrett in his capacity as President of ITV Direct, Inc./Direct Marketing Concepts, Inc. received a Warning Letter from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notifying him that the product Supreme Greens was being marketed as an unlicensed drug with false or misleading claims. The letter requested that ITV Direct correct the deceptive practices.
In June 2004, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts alleging that Direct Marketing Concepts, Inc., ITV Direct, Inc., and their president, Donald W. Barrett had deceptively marketed Supreme Greens and Coral Calcium Daily by claiming that it could prevent, treat, and cure cancer, heart disease, arthritis, and diabetes. They also claimed it caused substantial weight loss, and was safe for use by pregnant women, children – including those as young as one year old, and persons taking any form of medication. In July 2004, ITV Direct was enjoined from marketing Supreme Greens.
On October 5, 2007, the FTC sued ITV Direct, Inc. and Donald Barrett for misrepresenting Kevin Trudeau's "Weight-Loss Cure" book in the infomercial they produced to market it. In response to the FTC's suit, ITV Direct sued the FTC for alleged harassment and violation of free speech rights. Subsequently, on November 19, 2007, in a separate FTC action, Trudeau was found in contempt of a 2004 court order for making "patently false" claims in the weight loss book.
On July 19, 2008, a federal judge ruled that two infomercials produced by Beverly-based ITV Direct for "Coral Calcium" and "Supreme Greens" were deceptive and that the firm's owners are liable for restitution being sought by the Federal Trade Commission, which is seeking nearly $55 million. The judge also dismissed a countersuit filed by Barrett, ITV's president, who claimed the FTC was violating his First Amendment rights by taking him to court to force him to pull the ads.
On May 2, 2011, Barrett pleaded guilty to failing to report income and to selling a product touted as a disease preventative without approval from the FDA. He was scheduled to be sentenced on July 27, 2011. On September 29, 2011, he was sentenced to one year probation, three months of which he was to be confined to a community correction center. After that, he would be under house arrest for another three months and subject to electronic monitoring.


Matt Kenyon

Matthew Kenyon (born 1977) is an American new media artist and director of the art practice, S.W.A.M.P. (Studies of Work Atmosphere and Mass Production). Kenyon focuses on critical themes addressing global corporate operations, mass media, military-industrial complexes, and the liminal area between reality and artificial life.
Biography.
Matthew Kenyon received his BFA from Southeastern Louisiana State University in 1999 and his MFA from Virginia Commonwealth University in 2002. He is currently the Director of the Graduate Program at the University at Buffalo department of art. He was previously Associate Professor of Art at the University of Michigan's Penny W. Stamps School of Art & Design and Associate Professor at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD).
In 1999, Kenyon founded S.W.A.M.P. with fellow artist Douglas Easterly. The pair operated S.W.A.M.P. as a collaborative partnership until 2012, when Kenyon assumed full creative direction of the practice. Their work, "The Notepad" (2007) is in the permanent collection at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).
In 2015, Kenyon was awarded fellowships at TED and the Macdowell colony.


Robert Nathan (intelligence officer)

Sir Robert Nathan (1868–1921) was a British intelligence official notable for his works against the Indian revolutionaries in Bengal, Britain and North America.
Early career in India.
Nathan was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, before joining the Indian Civil Service in 1888. He was appointed secretary of the Indian Universities Commission in 1902, and Private Secretary to the Viceroy, Lord Curzon, in 1905. In 1907 Nathan was made Chief Secretary to the Government of Eastern Bengal and Assam, and Commissioner of Dhaka Police. In 1908, Nathan, then the Police Commissioner of Dhaka, was responsible along with the district collector H.L. Salkeld for uncovering the revolutionary organisation of the "Anushilan Samiti", and for instituting the measures to suppress the organisation.
Return to Britain.
Nathan was appointed Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University in 1914, and the same year returned from India on account of ill-health. He began his work for British intelligence against Indian revolutionaries in October 1914. After retiring from the ICS in 1915, Nathan joined the MI5's section dealing with the Indian seditionist movement in Europe, called MI5(g), that was formed at the time headed by Vernon Kell. Nathan's fellow officer at the time was another ex-Indian police official, H.L. Stephenson. He headed at the time the political branch of the Secret Service, and along with Basil Thomson who headed the Special Branch of the Scotland Yard, Nathan was closely involved in the interrogation of Indians who worked along with the Germans during the war.
Nathan's efforts, along with those of John Wallinger's Indian Political Intelligence Office (with whom Nathan worked closely), were key in the British counter-espionage work. Nathan identified plans by Ghadar Party and the Berlin Committee to assassinate Lord Kitchener in 1915 through an associate of Har Dayal, Gobind Behari Lal. He was also responsible at this time, along with Basil Thomson, to turn Harish Chandra (who was associated with the Berlin committee) into a double agent. Nathan was also responsible for the plans made by British intelligence in late 1915 to assassinate Virendranath Chattopadhyaya through agent Donald Gullick.
Work in North America.
Later, on instructions from British secret service, Robert Nathan transferred to the Pacific coast of North America where the Ghadar Party worked closely with the German consulate at San Francisco to obtain arms and men for what came to be known as the Ghadar Conspiracy. Nathan successfully brought the Ghadarites and staff at the German consulate to trial following the "Annie Larsen" arms plot. He organised the Hindu-German conspiracy trial, which at the time was the longest in American legal history. He was responsible for the arrest of Chandra Kanta Chakraverty and his subsequent interrogation, along with that Ernst Sekunna. Through March 1917, Nathan worked closely with William Wiseman, and negotiated with the US State Department the details of the case against the Indian conspirators. He strongly supported granting a guarantee to the United States not to be held responsible for violation of neutrality.
Later life.
Nathan returned to Britain at the end of World War I where he died in 1921.
Publications.
Official History of Plague in India; Progress of Education in India, 1897-8, etc.


Windows ChallengE

Windows ChallengE is a programming competition run by Microsoft Corporation. The contest is composed of teams of 3 or 4 students at colleges/universities from around the world, along with a faculty mentor. The only requirement of the contest is that the teams utilize the hardware provided to them (an eBoxII from ICOPTech), as well as build a customized image of the Windows CE operating system.
The first Windows ChallengE was held in 2004, consisting of less than 30 teams within the United States. The goal was to use Windows CE to "Make the World a Safer Place". James Madison University won the contest, led by students Marcus O'Malley, Joshua Blake, Justin Creasy and Kevin Ferrell. Computer science professor Ramon A. Mata-Toledo served as team adviser. Their winning project was an airport security checkpoint device designed to help protect the millions of people who fly daily. The mobile handheld device collects information from a passenger's boarding pass and uses a chemical sniffer to sense and identify potential high-security risks posed by baggage or passengers.
In 2005, it was opened to the rest of the world. 278 teams from all over the world participated. The winner of the 2005 contest was the team from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Australia, with the "EverGreen" project.
In 2006 more than 300 teams registered for the contest. The final was held in Redmond, WA, at the Microsoft Campus. In the finals only 20 teams participated, among which only 12 made it to the last day of the competition. The 44Tech team of Romania won the contest with their project "Forest Watcher". That team was composed of Cristian Pop, Ioana Bratie, Omar Choudary and Mircea Gheorghe.
In 2007 the contest became part of the Imagine Cup. Imagine Cup is a bigger competition, also organized by Microsoft, which is composed of several competition tracks, including algorithms, photography, embedded solutions and more.


Radio Waitaki

Radio Waitaki was a radio station in Oamaru, New Zealand.
Radio Waitaki began broadcasting on 1395AM on 5 July 1980, with the late John "JR" Ramsay behind the microphone. The station was originally a commercial station operated by the government owned Radio New Zealand and used the callsign 4ZW.
Hosts included Russ Leadley, Tony Dudley, Charles Pierard, Mike Yardley, Scott Radovanovich, Luke Spittle, Steve Jukes, Mike Plant, Lana Searle, Sarah Van Der Kley, Dave Nicholas, Joel Palmer, Becky Morgan, Finley Brentwood and Sam Wilson. Past station managers include Lyall Flett (first manager), Chris Rowland, Roy Woodward, Phil Gully, Phil Stephens, Stella Nicholson, Nigel Newberry, Dan Lewis, Aaron Gillions and Gary Watling.
In July 1996 the New Zealand Government sold off the commercial arm of Radio New Zealand, the sale included Radio Waitaki. The new owner was The Radio Network, a subsidiary of APN News & Media and Clear Channel Communications, which operated as a division of the Australian Radio Network.
In 1998 The Radio Network grouped all their local stations in smaller markets together to form the Community Radio Network. Radio Waitaki continued to run a local breakfast show between 6am and 10am but outside breakfast all stations part of the Community Radio Network took network programming from a central studio based in Taupo.
In December 2000 the Community Radio Network was discontinued and all stations become part of the Classic Hits FM network, as a result Radio Waitaki was rebranded as Classic Hits Radio Waitaki. The station continued to run a local breakfast but now outside breakfast all programming originated from the Classic Hits studios in Auckland. A short time later Classic Hits began broadcasting on 98.4 FM, with the original 1395AM frequency becoming Newstalk ZB.
On 28 April 2014 all stations part of the Classic Hits network were rebranded as The Hits. A networked breakfast presented by Pauline Gillespie and Grant Kareama was introduced to almost all The Hits stations with the former breakfast announcer moved to present a 6-hour show between 9am and 3pm. The local 9am-3pm show was originally presented by Josh McIntyre, in 2014 Josh was moved to Timaru to present the same show for both The Hits in Timaru and Oamaru. With Polly and Grant leaving The Hits in 2017 all South Island stations reverted to local breakfast programming, today The Hits in Oamaru takes the Dunedin-based breakfast show.


Bernie Blackout


IBM AT Multiuser System


Chris Stone (footballer)

Chris Stone (born 24 February 1959) is an Australian businessman and former Australian rules footballer. He is the husband of former Belgian prime minister Sophie Wilmès.
Early life.
Stone is from Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia. He played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Business career.
After leaving university, Stone began working with the Australian division of Pearl & Dean, a cinema advertising company. He moved to the UK in 1988 and in 1991 became regional sales director of Mills & Allen Outdoor. He transferred to Belgium in 1994 as CEO of Vivendi's Belgian division, comprising Belgoposter Outdoor, Claude Publicité and other media companies. In 1998, Stone joined RMB International as chief operating officer (COO). He bought his own outdoor advertising company, Dewez, in 2001. Since 2012 he has been president of the Belgian branch of Australian Business in Europe (ABIE).
Personal life.
He is married to Sophie Wilmès, the present Foreign Minister and former Prime Minister of Belgium.


Napkin ring cylinder

A napkin ring cylinder is a format of phonograph cylinder manufactured and marketed by the Columbia Phonograph Company in 1904 and 1905. They were of standard diameter, but only measured 1.5 inches in length. Primarily they were marketed for home recordings, at one-third the price of a standard-length cylinder, to be placed in a "voice album", where family members or visitors to a home could leave a 30-second message, and a place was made on the container lid in which a photograph(s) of the individual(s) making the recording could be placed. As well, the napkin ring cylinders were generally used as a marketing tool at the 1904 St. Louis Exposition and the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition where visitors to Columbia's booth were given the opportunity to make, and be given, a record without charge. On occasion, a record made by an entertainer at the booth could be acquired instead. Surviving examples are very scarce.
Some of the very earliest wax cylinder records were also noted to have been similar in dimension to a napkin ring.


Dorothy Tree

Dorothy Tree (born Dorothy Estelle Triebitz, May 21, 1906 – February 13, 1992) was an American actress, voice teacher and writer. She appeared in a wide range of character roles in at least 49 films between 1927 and 1951.
Her roles included Martha, mother of Knute Rockne in "Knute Rockne, All American", and May Emmerich, the invalid wife of Louis Calhern in "The Asphalt Jungle". After being blacklisted as a communist because of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearings, she began a second career as a voice teacher in New York. Emphasizing good diction and clarity, and the subtleties of intonation, she published four books on the subject.
Early life and stage career.
She was born in Brooklyn, New York, the eldest of three daughters of Herman Triebitz (1877–1943) and Bertha Hert (1885–1967). Her sisters were Sylvia Triebitz (1911–1949) and Mildred "Mimi" Triebitz (1918–?) Her parents were born in Austria, and immigrated to the United States. Their native language was Yiddish. He was the proprietor of a shoe store in Brooklyn, and later sold shoes wholesale.
Tree attended Cornell University, leaving after two years to pursue a career. Taking the stage name Dorothy Tree, she began her acting career on the stage in 1926. Tree's Broadway credits include "Bright Honor" (1936), "Clear All Wires" (1932), "The Merchant of Venice" (1930), "Holiday" (1928), "The Marquise" (1927), and "The Triumphant Bachelor" (1927).
Film career.
Tree made her motion picture debut (uncreditied) playing a department store employee in the Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount Pictures silent era romantic comedy "It" (1927) starring Clara Bow and Antonio Moreno. Tree next played a wife of Bela Lugosi's "Dracula" (1931); she also played a bride of Dracula in the Spanish language version of the same title, which was shot at night with a different cast using the same sets at Universal.
Tree attracted attention as a feminine menace on the screen as the hairdresser-spy, Hilda Kleinhauer, in the Warner Bros. drama "Confessions of a Nazi Spy" (1939) starring Edward G. Robinson, which won the National Board of Review Award for Best Film – English Language. Her performance immediately won her the role as Reni Vonich, head of a spy ring attempting to steal the latest in technology, in Paramount's sci-fi drama "Television Spy" (1939). She was signed by RKO to portray the important role as Elizabeth Edwards, Mary Todd's sister, in "Abe Lincoln in Illinois" (1940) starring Raymond Massey.
She portrayed Martha Rockne in the Warners biopic "Knute Rockne, All American", the mother of the famous football coach played by Pat O'Brien. In MGM's film noir crime/drama "The Asphalt Jungle" Tree played May Emmerich, a bedridden woman who is the very ingenuous and frustrated wife of Alonzo Emmerich (played by Louis Calhern), a crooked lawyer and double-crosser who, although he truly loves May, is having an adulterous affair with the character played by Marilyn Monroe.
Tree also appeared as Aunt Martha Dale in a teleplay of the live television anthology series "The Silver Theatre" (1950), which was titled "Minor Incident". Her last role on the theater screen was as Marie Elsner in Columbia's crime/drama "The Family Secret" (1951) starring John Derek and Lee J. Cobb.
Blacklist and new career.
In 1952, Tree and her husband, Michael Uris, were branded as communists and blacklisted due to the HUAC testimony of playwright/screenwriter Bernard C. Schoenfeld. That same year, she endorsed Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential election.
She then began a second career teaching voice and diction in New York. She specialized in singing in English at the Metropolitan Opera and the Mannes College of Music, and also taught at the Manhattan School of Music, using her married name, Dorothy Uris. She was quoted as saying, "I left Dorothy Tree in Hollywood."
On November 4, 1956, an article written by Uris about English singing with good diction and its aiding a singer to clarify words for the listener was published in the "New York Times". She published four books, "Everybody's Book of Better Speaking" (1960); "To Sing in English, a Guide to Improved Diction" (1971); "A Woman's Voice: A Handbook to Successful Private and Public Speaking" (1975); and "Say it Again: Dorothy Uris' Personal Collection of Quotes, Comment & Anecdotes" (1979).
Dorothy Tree Uris died at age 85 of heart failure at the Actors Fund of America Nursing Home in Englewood, New Jersey.
Personal life.
She married on June 8, 1928, in Manhattan, New York, screenwriter and story editor Michael Uris (March 25, 1902 – July 17, 1967). They had one son, Joseph M. Uris (born October 25, 1943).


Silas Bissell

Silas Bissell (April 27, 1942 – June 15, 2002) was an American activist. He joined The Weatherman movement for a brief time before going underground after planting a bomb at the University of Washington's ROTC building. Bissell was arrested after 17 years of being underground and served 18 months in jail.
Early life.
Silas Trim Bissell was born April 27, 1942. Bissell’s father, Wadsworth, was the grandson of the founder of the Bissell carpet sweeper company. Silas’ mother, Hillary Nelle Rarden, was a Marxist-civil rights activist and encouraged her son to be the same.
Bissell went to the University of Michigan, where he was awarded three Hopwood Awards for poetry. He fell in love with Judith Emily Siff, a New Yorker and they later married. He was arrested during his senior year of high school for taking part in a sit-in. Bissell graduated with a bachelor's degree in English literature in 1964 and then went to Syracuse University and graduated with a master's degree in creative writing in 1965.
When Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. were assassinated and activists stormed Chicago during the 1968 Democratic National Convention, Silas and Judith joined a Seattle draft resistance group. They were soon drawn to the Weatherman organization.
Weatherman.
Because they were a married couple in a movement that perceived the practice of monogamy as bourgeois, the Bissells were challenged by the members of Weatherman to prove their dedication. Their chance came on January 17, 1970, after being asked to place a bomb at the University of Washington.
They placed a home-made bomb under the steps of the University’s ROTC building. It did not go off because the Bissells made mistakes with the wiring. They were captured by the campus police almost immediately, making them think they had been framed by the members of Weatherman.
Although it has been reported that Bissell was a member of the Weatherman, his widow Ruth disputes the allegation, though she reports that Bissell repeatedly said, "I would have if they'd have taken me."
Underground.
The Bissells posted the $50,000 in bonds and were planning to face the court in Seattle until, Bissell claims, Weatherman Mark Rudd told them to go underground. Traveling by bus and train, they relocated from Seattle to San Francisco, but were now shunned by fellow Weathermen. They ended up in Boston, where the mounting pressures of hiding finally ate away at the marriage. They divorced in 1970.
In the early 1970s, he lived in Ithaca, New York, where he worked in a food co-op and was not politically active. He then moved to Eugene, Oregon, where he took a job as a nurse's assistant. He continued his artwork and playing music. He went back to university and earned a bachelor's degree in biology from North Carolina Central University in 1979 and a master's degree in physical therapy from Duke University in 1981. He then moved to Eugene, Oregon, and started work as a physical therapist.
Arrest.
On January 29, 1987, he was arrested at home by FBI agents who said they had received an anonymous tip from an I.D. on a wanted poster. Once again Bissell believed that he was turned in to the FBI in Eugene by a close friend for the $5,500 reward. Bissell was charged with conspiracy to destroy federal property and possession of a bomb in connection to an attempt to destroy the University of Washington ROTC building. He was sentenced to two years imprisonment but was released after only eighteen months in custody. While behind bars, he married Ruth Evan, a school teacher. They had been at high school together in Grand Rapids, and she had written letters to him while he was in prison.
After release.
After Bissell's release he and Ruth moved back to Eugene, where he became devoted to sculpture and painting. He achieved success, showing in many West Coast galleries. He used the proceeds from the sale of his work to fund human rights work. In 1993, he founded the Campaign for Labor Rights, a nationwide organization fighting sweatshop conditions in factories around the globe, and was the national director for many years. Even when he became semi-paralyzed after special chemotherapy for the cancer that was diagnosed in 2000, Bissell never stopped his work as an artist up until his death.
Silas Trim Bissell died at age 60 in Eugene of cancer of the brain on June 15, 2002.


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Native New Yorker (film)

Native New Yorker (2005) is the title of the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival Best Documentary Short by Steve Bilich.
Filmed with a 1924 hand-crank Cine-Kodak camera, Shaman Trail Scout 'Coyote' takes a journey which transcends time, from Inwood Park (where the island was traded for beads and booze), down a native trail (now 'Broadway'), into lower Manhattan (sacred burial ground, now including the newest natives of this island empire).
Shot before, during and after 9/11, 'Native New Yorker' took several years of filming, with a running length of 13 minutes. This is a film by Steve Bilich with an original score composed by William Susman.
New Internationalist calls 'Native New Yorker' "...a conventionally unclassifiable short... In 13 minutes it brilliantly encapsulates aeons."
"...the stuff dreams - and nightmares - are made of." -The Austin Chronicle
In 2009, the film score to Native New Yorker was released on a CD entitled "Music for Moving Pictures".
In 2011, the Tribeca Film Institute selected Native New Yorker for inclusion in their Reframe Collection which "shares the best of our visual heritage."
In 2013, the Sound of Silent Film Festival screened Native New Yorker with a live orchestra
 at the Anthology Film Archives in New York City.
In 2014, The 50th Pesaro Film Festival in Pesaro Italy featured Native New Yorker in Panorama U.S.A. – Il cinema sperimentale-narrativo nel nuovo millennio
In 2015, The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. featured Native New Yorker in a retrospective entitled "American Experiments in Narrative: 2000-2015"


Xavier Trias

Xavier Trias i Vidal de Llobatera (; Barcelona, 5 August 1946) is a Spanish politician, member of the Catalan European Democratic Party and was Mayor of Barcelona from July 2011 to June 2015. Among other responsibilities to the Government of Catalonia, he was Minister of Health and Director of the Presidency for various Jordi Pujol Governments.
Biography.
Xavier Trias i Vidal de Llobatera was born in Barcelona on 5 August 1946. He is married, has four children and six grandchildren. He has been a member of Democratic Convergence of Catalonia since 1979. He received a degree in Medicine and Surgery from the University of Barcelona in 1970, specializing in pediatrics. Between 1971 and 1973 he completed his post graduate training in Genova, Italy and Bern, Switzerland, where he worked for a year and a half in the investigation of metabolic diseases, their diagnosis and treatment.
From 1974 to 1981 he served as a pediatrician at the Children's Hospital in Vall d'Hebron. Between 1979 and 1981 was member of national hospitals in the "General Council of Doctors in Spain", and also member of the Board of Hospitals Association of Physicians of Barcelona.
In 1981, he started working Head of Hospital Care, at the Department of Health and Social Security of the Generalitat of Catalonia, headed by the Minister Josep Laporte, who Trias consider as his political father. In September 1983 he assumed ownership of the Directorate General of Health Planning.
In July 1984 he was appointed Director General of the Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), a post he held until his appointment as Minister of Health in July 1988, precisely in place of Laporte. With the Minister Laporte, Trias is considered responsible for the promotion and development of the Catalan health care model, prestige and international recognition.
On 12 January 1996 was appointed Minister of the Presidency, and began to work closely with President Jordi Pujol. In this era, the government created the Catalonia Broadcasting Council (CAC), and improved the labor regime for the officials of the Generalitat, with progress in reconciling family life, among other initiatives.
In March 2000, he was a candidate of Convergence and Union (CiU) for election to Congress. He won and became President and Spokesperson for the Catalan Parliamentary Group of the Congress of Deputies, and Chairman of the Committee on Science and Technology.
On 5 June 2010 he was proclaimed a CiU candidate for the Barcelona City Council, a post he had already held since 14 June 2003 as well as being Chairman of the Municipal Group of CiU. On 22 May he won the elections receiving 29% of the votes and becoming the new mayor on 2 July. In July 2011 he inaugurated the 5th edition of The Brandery show.
On 29 March 2020, during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, Trias was admitted to hospital after testing positive for COVID-19 and was discharged on 7 April.
Controversy.
Paradise Papers.
In November 2017 an investigation conducted by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalism cited his name in the list of politicians named in "Paradise Papers" allegations.


Greenfingers

Greenfingers is a 2000 British comedy film directed and written by Joel Hershman. It is loosely based on the true story about the award-winning prisoners of HMP Leyhill, a minimum-security prison in the Cotswolds, England, a story published in "The New York Times" in 1998.
Plot.
When Colin Briggs, a convicted murderer, is placed in an experimental programme to finish off his prison sentence, all he wants is peace and quiet. After his wise, elderly roommate Fergus, imprisoned for killing three wives, introduces him to gardening, Colin uncovers a talent and passion for plants. When he accidentally raises a patch of double-violets, the warden assigns him to cultivate a garden, with other prisoners as his assistants.
Teaming up with his fellow inmates, Colin gets the attention of celebrated gardener Georgina Woodhouse. Soon, the unexpected gardeners are preparing to compete for the Hampton Court Flower Show. When Colin meets Georgina's beautiful daughter Primrose, he discovers another reason to fight for his freedom: true love.
Production.
The film was shot in Britain in five weeks on a budget of £2 million, with the help of the Royal Horticultural Society and English garden designer Rosemary Verey.


Judson Laipply

Judson Laipply (; born March 22, 1976) is an American motivational speaker and dancer from Bucyrus, Ohio. He served as the state president of The Ohio Association of Student Councils from 1993 to 1994. He is best known for his performance in the Evolution of Dance viral video clip. He has worked as a public speaker since 2000.
"Evolution of Dance".
In 2003, Laipply originally performed "Evolution of Dance", at which time it consisted of 12 popular dance songs of the late 20th century. Three years later, he uploaded a video of the six-minute performance to YouTube. The clip received 70 million views in under 8 months. At that time, it was rated on YouTube as:
It has since been surpassed by other videos.
Evolution of Dance 2.
The Evolution of Dance 2 video was released in January 2009.
Evolution of Dance 3.
This was announced by Judson on June 16, 2010. He stated that it was in its early stages and that it was too early to give any details. In a YouTube comment he claimed he was trying to incorporate much older music and possibly include a second dancer. It was uploaded in April 2016, to commemorate the 10th anniversary of Evolution of Dance.
Popular culture.
In December 2007, Judson appeared in an advert on the BBC for the 'dance season' during the Christmas Holidays. "Evolution of Dance" was #1 on the show "Rude Tube" hosted by Alex Zane and Laipply was interviewed on the show. Judson was also featured in the music video for Weezer's song "Pork and Beans" along with several other Internet celebrities.
In February 2010 the video was used as a question reference on the game show "Jeopardy!" in the 2010 college championships. In "The Delivery" episode of "The Office", Andy Bernard does the dance sans music as a pregnancy distraction for Pam. In 2011, Judson also appeared on Tosh.0, hosted by Daniel Tosh. The video has been parodied numerous times on "The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon" through variations such as "Evolution of Mom Dancing" (guest-starring Michelle Obama) or "Evolution of Hip-Hop Dancing" (guest-starring Will Smith) among others.
He did another video, called "The Evolution of the Touchdown Dance", which included memorable NFL touchdown dances, like "The Ickey Shuffle", Joe Horn's cell phone celebration, and famous celebrations from Terrell Owens and Chad Ochocinco.
In December 2015, he appeared in YouTube's annual YouTube Rewind.


Antoinette LaFarge

Antoinette LaFarge is a new media artist and writer known for her work with mixed-reality performance and projects exploring the conjunction of visual art and fiction.
Biography.
LaFarge received her M.F.A. degree in Computer Art from the School of Visual Art, New York, in 1995, and her A.B. degree from Harvard University. She also briefly attended the San Francisco Arts Institute from 1980–1981 where she studied with Jim Pomeroy, Jack Fulton, and Robert Colescott. At Harvard University, her thesis was "Proust and the Function of Metaphor".
She is the great-great-granddaughter of American artist John La Farge.
She has been a member of the College Arts Association since 1996 and was a member of SITE Gallery, Los Angeles from 1989 to 1991. She is currently Professor of Digital Media at the University of California, Irvine, and she previously taught at the School of Visual Arts, New York, in the Computer Art M.F.A. program and in the Photography and Related Media M.F.A. program (1995–1999).
Work.
In 1994, LaFarge founded the Plaintext Players, an internet performance group that began creating original pieces early in the Web era. Initially, the Plaintext Players performed solely in text-based virtual environments such as MOOs, creating directed cyberformances or "netprovs" viewable by both online audiences and visitors in real spaces, where the performances were viewed as projections. These improvisatory works were a kind of "virtual vaudeville" in which boundaries between performers and viewers were fluid and unstable, allowing for highly kinetic and absurdist interactions. LaFarge served as the "Digital.Director" of many of these performances, directing them in real time. The first series, "Christmas" (1994–95), was followed by several others, including "LittleHamlet" (1995), "Gutter City" (1995), "The Candide Campaign" (1996), forming one of the most extensive oeuvres of early cyberspace performance.
Starting in the late 1990s, LaFarge and the Plaintext Players worked with theater director Robert Allen on several telematic mixed-reality performance works, including "The Roman Forum" (2000), "The Roman Forum Project" (2003), and "Demotic" (2004/2006). A recurrent theme in these works is the struggle of individuals to come to terms with the nexus of history, politics, mythmaking, and media. For instance, the two "Roman Forum" projects took a close look at contemporary presidential politics through the eyes of 2000-year-old citizens of the Roman empire, while "Demotic" examined the many voices that vie to be heard within the American polity. LaFarge and Allen coined the term "media commedia" to describe their melding of political comedy with media-rich performance work.
Other performance works and installations by LaFarge include "Reading Frankenstein" (2003, with director Annie Loui), "Playing the Rapture" (2008, with Robert Allen), "Hangmen Also Die" (2010, with Robert Allen), "Galileo in America" (2011, with Robert Allen), and "Far-Flung follows function" (2012, with Ursula Endlicher and Robert Allen). "Playing the Rapture" spun off two related video installations that continued the original work's theme of conscious reflection on a game world in which two gamers are beta-testing a game about the Rapture. A recurrent theme in these works is the struggle of individuals to come to terms with the nexus of history, politics, mythmaking, and media. Over the years she has worked with performer-director Kim Weild, visual artist Adrianne Wortzel, sound artist Cuca Esteves, writer Aida Croal, and many other theater artists, performers, and programmers.
LaFarge also co-curated two very early U.S. exhibitions showcasing computer games: the 2000 show "SHIFT-CTRL: Computers, Games, and Art" and 2004's "ALT+CTRL: A Festival of Independent and Alternative Games", the latter of which was supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. Both were produced by the Beall Center for Art + Technology at the University of California, Irvine. In her show catalog essay "WinSide Out", LaFarge traces how the historical links between art and games have become strengthened in the computer era by various forces that promoted "a culture of involvement on the part of players."
Another area of interest for LaFarge has been forgery, and in 1991 she founded the Museum of Forgery, a conceptual art project exploring the taboos around forgery.
LaFarge's writing ranges from essays on new media, performance, games, and fictive art to performance scripts and fiction. Since 1990, LaFarge has been an Associate of the Institute of Cultural Inquiry, a Los-Angeles-based nonprofit, for which she has designed several books, including "Benjamin's Blind Spot" (2001) and "Bataille's Eye" (1997).


Minolta helps the day drift by


Anne Revere

Anne Revere (June 25, 1903 – December 18, 1990) was an American actress and a progressive member of the board of the Screen Actors' Guild. She was best known for her work on Broadway and her film portrayals of mothers in a series of critically acclaimed films. An outspoken critic of the House Un-American Activities Committee, her name appeared in "Red Channels: The Report on Communist Influence in Radio and Television" in 1950 and she was subsequently blacklisted.
Revere won an Academy Award for her supporting role in the film "National Velvet" (1945). She was also nominated in the same category for "The Song of Bernadette" (1943) and "Gentleman's Agreement" (1947). She won a Tony Award for her performance in Lillian Hellman's play "Toys in the Attic" in 1960.
Early life.
Born in New York City, Revere was a direct descendant of American Revolution hero Paul Revere. Her father, Clinton, was a stockbroker, and she was raised on the Upper West Side and in Westfield, New Jersey. In 1926, she graduated from Wellesley College. Despite her unsuccessful attempts to join dramatic groups in high school and (initially) in college, she eventually was successful at Wellesley and studied dramatics there. She went on to enroll at the American Laboratory School to study acting with Maria Ouspenskaya and Richard Boleslavsky.
Career.
Revere gained early acting experience in regional and stock theater troupes. She made her Broadway debut in 1931 in "The Great Barrington". Three years later, she went to Hollywood to reprise her stage role in the film adaptation of "Double Door". She returned to Broadway to create the role of Martha Dobie in the original 1934 production of "The Children's Hour", and in later years, she appeared on the New York stage in "As You Like It", "The Three Sisters", and "Toys in the Attic", for which she won the 1960 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play.
Revere worked steadily as a character actress in films, appearing in nearly three dozen between 1934 and 1951. She frequently was cast in the role of a matriarch and played mother to Elizabeth Taylor, Jennifer Jones, Gregory Peck, John Garfield, and Montgomery Clift. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress three times and won for her performance in "National Velvet". Additional screen credits included "The Song of Bernadette", "Gentleman's Agreement", "The Keys of the Kingdom", "Body and Soul", and "A Place in the Sun".
In 1951, Revere resigned from the board of the Screen Actors Guild. At the time, she was an active member of the American Communist Party. She later pleaded the Fifth Amendment and refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee. "A Place in the Sun" was her last film role for two decades. She returned to the screen in "Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon".
In 1962, television director Joseph Hardy fought for Revere to appear in the popular soap opera "A Time for Us". ABC finally agreed to cast Revere in the role and after that Revere appeared frequently in television soap operas like "A Flame in the Wind", "The Edge of Night", "Search for Tomorrow", and "Ryan's Hope".
Revere and her husband, theatre director Samuel Rosen moved to New York and opened an acting school, and she continued to work in summer stock and regional theater productions and on television.
Personal life.
Revere married Rosen on 11 April 1935, and they remained wed until his death in 1984. Revere was a Democrat who supported the campaign of Adlai Stevenson during the 1952 presidential election.
Illness and death.
Revere died of pneumonia in her home at Locust Valley, New York at the age of 87. She was survived by one sister. She was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.


Kirpal Singh (spy)

Kirpal Singh was a soldier of the British Indian Army who is best known for his role in passing on to the Punjab Criminal Investigation Department (CID) the intelligence on the date of the Ghadar Conspiracy in February 1915 during World War I.
The CID recruited the services of Kirpal Singh in early 1915 following the reports and intelligence it received on the proposed plans for instigating revolt in the British Indian Army in Punjab.Singh, who had a Ghadarite cousin serving in the 23rd Cavalry, was able to infiltrate the leadership, being assigned to work in his cousin's regiment. Singh was soon under suspicion of being a spy, but was able to pass on the information regarding the date and scale of the uprising to British Indian intelligence.
As the date for the mutiny approached, a desperate Rash Behari Bose brought forward the D-day to the evening of 19 February, which was discovered by Kirpal Singh on the very day. No attempts were made by the Ghadarites to restrain him, and he rushed to inform Liaqat Khan of the change of plans. Ordered back to his station to signal when the revolutionaries had assembled, Singh was detained by the would-be mutineers, but managed to make good his escape under the cover of answering the call of nature.