New York Academy of Medicine

The New York Academy of Medicine (the Academy) is a health policy and advocacy organization founded in 1847 by a group of leading New York metropolitan area physicians as a voice for the medical profession in medical practice and public health reform. The early leaders of the academy were invested in the reform movements of the day and worked to improve public health by focusing on the living conditions of the poor. In 1866, the academy was instrumental in the establishment of the Metropolitan Board of Health, the first modern municipal public health authority in the United States and the precursor of today's Department of Health. In recent years the academy has functioned as an effective advocate in public health reform, as well as a major center for health education. As of 2016, the academy will celebrate its 169th year. The academy's work now focuses on advancing urban health in New York City and around the world. Today, the academy has over three-thousand fellows, that include doctors, nurses, health care administrators, and professionals in all fields dedicated to maintaining and improving health.
History.
Founding.
The New York Academy of Medicine was founded on January 6, 1847. It began on December 8, 1846 with a notice being published in newspapers, requesting the city's doctors to meet three days later at the Lyceum of Natural History. It asked for cooperation of medical professionals in elevating the profession's character, advancing its interests, creating medical facilities, promoting harmony among members, and offering means of mutual improvement. The three signatories were doctors Valentine Mott, president of the New York University School of Medicine, Alexander H. Stevens, president of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Isaac Wood, president of the Medical Society of the City and County of New York. John Stearns, later first president of the academy, was made chairman for the first meeting.
In 1854, the academy was divided into sections by medical specialty or scientific discipline. Early sections included Theory and Practice, Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Anatomy, Surgery, and Chemistry.
In 1939, the academy prepared Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia's LaGuardia Commission report, which when released in 1944 infuriated Harry Anslinger and his campaign against marijuana.
During World War I, the academy made plans to sell its building at 10 West 44th Street in order to build an addition to its building on 15 West 43rd Street. A man named Louis Sherry (of Sherry's hotel and restaurant) made an offer on the property, which the academy reluctantly accepted around 1918. Sherry's offer included renting the building for $5,000 per year for ten years with the option to purchase the property outright for $100,000 within five years. While the academy originally paid $120,000 for the property, their special advisory Finance Committee urged them to take the deal. A peripheral fallout of this agreement was that the academy's live-in janitor, Felix Wesstrom, lost his living quarters. To compensate him for the loss, the academy increased his monthly salary by $30.
Architecture.
In 1926, the Academy moved to a new six-story building designed by York and Sawyer in an eclectic style; including touches of the Byzantine Revival and Lombardian Romanesque styles. The building is at East 103rd Street at the corner of Fifth Avenue, across from Central Park in the East Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Initial funding for the new building came from the Carnegie Corporation, approximately one million dollars towards the building, and the Rockefeller Foundation, providing 1.25 million dollars for an endowment.
Exterior.
The building's exterior uses a combination of varieties of limestone and sandstone. The main entrance, at 103rd Street, uses a series columns with Romanesque caps, topped with statues of lions. The doors are ornate bronze with floral designs and small figures of Asclepius, god of medicine and physicians, and Hygieia, daughter of Asclepius and goddess of health. The two gods are also carved into the entranceway's tympanum, attended by dogs, symbolizing vigilance and keeping death and illness away. The exterior also features many Latin inscriptions from notable authors, including Cicero, Hippocrates, Juvenal, Seneca the Younger, and Virgil. The first floor windows have exterior ornamental bronze grills, decorated in a Romanesque design. Those windows' lintels have figures of gods and fauna symbolic of medicine and additional Latin inscriptions.
Interior.
The building's design includes many decorative elements that evoke health and the history of the medicine. In addition to the exterior designs, other animals feature as bronze insets of the Levanto marble main lobby floor such as the goat (symbolizing lusty, reproductive power), snakes (the symbol of the god Asclepius, signifying long life and rejuvenation), rooster (emblem of fatherhood and restorer of health), goose (emblem of motherhood), and the mandrake root (believed in folklore to have curative properties). The lobby floor also has a variegated marble mosaic pattern and white Traniville marble border. The walls are made of Mankato marble, and the ceiling is square-beamed with hand-painted Arabesque designs of fauna symbolic of medicine.
Library.
The Academy Library is home to one of the most significant collections of medicine and public health and is open to the general public. It was first opened in 1847 when the academy first opened, but was not open to the public until 1878. The library includes about 550,000 volumes and original writings by Sigmund Freud and a prototype of George Washington's dentures, constructed from actual teeth that were donated. The library is part of the New York Academy of Medicine's Center for the History of Medicine and Public Health and also includes the Coller Rare Book Reading Room. The library's historical materials are conserved in the Gladys Brooks Book and Paper Conservation Laboratory.
Under President Walter Belknap James (served 1915-1918), in May 1918, the Library Council decided to build an addition on its building at 15 West 43rd Street and, consequently, to sell its property at 10 West 44th Street. Around this same time, the academy increased its number of fellows from 1,200 to 1,300. There was also a requirement for the fellows to be in practice for five years (as opposed to its previous requirements of three years).
Wartime years.
During World War I, the library (at its 15 West 43rd Street location) opened its doors to aid in wartime efforts. Not only was the library open to all, including soldiers, it also allowed the use of one of its prime spaces, Hosack Hall, for events related to the war, and additional rooms within the building for Medical Reserve Corps examinations.
Later years.
By 1947, the library had 252,000 volumes and was the second-largest medical library in the U.S., after the Surgeon General's Library (now the National Library of Medicine). The library was open to the public, although only fellows and some paid subscribers had borrowing privileges. At the time, the Librarian was Archibald Malloch, who had doubled the collection while Librarian, 1935 to 1949. Janet Doe succeeded him, followed by Gertrude L. Annan. These individuals were regarded by peers as "giants in their field". The library also has a Rare Book Room, which contains rare bibliographic works and medical artifacts, including a collection of cookbooks. In the early 1900s, the New York Public Library ceased adding to its own medical collection and donated approximately 22,000 medical works, in 1949, to the New York Academy of Medicine. This led the academy, for a time, to be the only public medical source in the New York metropolitan area.
Holdings.
The library holds the Edwin Smith Papyrus, an ancient Egyptian medical text and the oldest known surgical treatise on trauma. In 1928, the New York Academy of Medicine purchased the collection of incunable manuscripts of E.C. Streeter which was exhibited during the History of Science Society's meeting held in New York on 28th and 29th December. There were at least 130 books printed before 1501 which had strongly influenced the history of medicine at the time of their publication. Contents to be exhibited were mainly selected by Arnold C. Klebs.
The library also houses the archives of many health-related organizations that serve as primary sources for the history of medical education and practice in New York.
The academy produces a website for providing context and search capability to grey literature through its "Grey Literature Report", which is published bimonthly. The resources cited in the "Grey Literature Report" are cataloged and indexed using Medical Subject Headings.
Awards.
Every year since 1929, the academy has rewarded individuals who delivered exceptional contributions. There are currently five categories in these awards:


Frourio Hill

The Frourio Hill () is the historical acropolis of the city of Larissa, Greece. It was the citadel of the city in antiquity as well as in Byzantine times, and features a number of important archaeological sites.
The only height in the wider area, the Frourio hill has been inhabited continuously since the earliest settlement of the city.
As the citadel of the city in antiquity, it was the site of the main temples, as well as the First Ancient Theatre. Archaeological excavations in modern times have uncovered an early Christian basilica dedicated to Saint Achillios, an early Byzantine bath, remnants of the early Byzantine walls constructed under Justinian I (), and a middle Byzantine church.
Under Ottoman rule, the area was known as the "great "mahalla"" (τρανός μαχαλάς), and was the only Greek and Christian quarter of the city, which was otherwise settled by Turks. The Ottomans constructed a covered market, the Bedesten, at the centre of the hill, around which the city's market and bazaar grew. In the 19th century, the Bedesten was transformed into a fort, giving the area its modern name.


Old Effingham County Courthouse

The Old Effingham County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse in Springfield, the county seat of Effingham County in east central Georgia. It is located on Georgia State Route 21, at 901 North Pine Street in Springfield.
The courthouse was designed by Savannah architect Hyman C. Whitcover and was built from 1908 to 1909 at a cost of $40,000, soon after George Mills Brinson's railroad was extended to Springfield in August 1907.
The courthouse is in the Neoclassical style, with Palladian aspects. The building replaced a previous county courthouse built in 1849.
The Old Effingham County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1980.
Construction began on a new courthouse, officially the Effingham County Judicial Complex, in 2004, with construction complete by late 2006, occupation in January 2007, and a dedication ceremony in March 2007. The old courthouse is now used as the Effingham County district attorney's office. The offices of the county tax commissioner are also located in old courthouse. Other county administrative offices are located in separate building (formerly a church) near the new courthouse.


Our Lady of Good Counsel Church, Porsgrunn

Our Lady of Good Counsel Church () is a Roman Catholic parish church in the city of Porsgrunn in Vestfold og Telemark, Norway.
The church is located in the center of town just south of Porsgrunn River, at the intersection of Sverresgate and Aallsgate. The church was built in 1899 by Haldor Larsen Børve and is a classic example of Dragestil architecture.
History.
In February 1887, the Porsgrund porcelain factory () began operations in Porsgrunn, and with few Norwegians skilled in porcelain production, the factory management decided to recruit workers from abroad. In the next few years, more than 70 craftsmen and their families moved from Bohemia, then part of Austria-Hungary, to Porsgrunn to work in the factory. Suddenly, Porsgrunn had a huge population of immigrant workers, most of whom were Catholic. This influx of Catholics was especially drastic when seen in context: in Norway's 1900 census, there were only 1,969 Catholics in the entire country.
The burgeoning Norwegian Catholic Church saw the opportunity to expand their ranks, and in 1889 they sent one of their assistant priests in Christiania, Dutch minister Johannes Henrik Blom, to Porsgrunn with the intention of starting a church there. Blom bought the plot of land on which the church was to be built on 25 June of that year. He also rented a small room in a house belonging to the Catholic Vauvert family in the Osebakken neighborhood of Porsgrunn, and made it into a makeshift chapel to hold sermons. The chapel was consecrated on 14 September 1889, representing the start of a practicing Catholic faith in Telemark.
The chapel was also used to hold meetings for some Sisters of St. Joseph of Chambéry who had moved to the area from Oslo with the intention of starting a hospital there. The sisters had moved to Norway in the 1840s after Storting lifted the ban on non-Protestant public religious services, and they would eventually go on to build hospitals in five different Norwegian cities. When Porsgrunn's St. Joseph's Hospital was completed on 14 October 1894, the chapel was moved into the hospital building. However, this too was only a temporary arrangement, and a few years later the Catholic Church in Norway began planning for a new church to be built on Blom's empty lot.
Construction.
The church was commissioned to local architect Haldor Larsen Børve. Børve had at that time made a name for himself by acting as primary architect in the construction of the Langangen Church in the nearby village of Langangen and the Dalen Hotel in Tokke, a giant wooden hotel in the Dragestil style that was at the time a popular destination for Europe's royalty. He would later go on to design many other buildings in the area, such as the new Porsgrunn City Hall and a funeral chapel for Østre Porsgrunn Church just down the road. The leader of Norway's Catholic Church at the time, Johannes Olav Fallize, was adamant that new churches should reflect traditional Norwegian architecture and pious values, and Børve was seen as the perfect man for the job.
Børve's design incorporated elements from stave churches across Norway along with a few more recent elements, such as the copper-plated bell tower at the church's apex. Construction began on 4 January 1899, by the firm Thovsen & Torjussen, who enlisted the talents of many local craftsmen for detail work. The stained glass windows were imported from Berlin, and the church bells from the Olsen Nauen Bell Foundry in Sem, Tønsberg, which also manufactured bells for many other churches across Norway including the Oslo Cathedral and Trinity Church in Arendal. Construction was finished on 8 October of the same year, and the church was consecrated on the same day to Our Lady of Good Counsel. The church cost about 12,000 kroner in all, which was funded in part by a significant donation from local politician and Catholic convert Carl P. Wright.
Relocation.
The church sat on that same property for 38 years. However, in the 1930s a change in Porsgrunn's road system left the church in a very inconvenient location, and a planned new Folkets hus would leave it almost boxed in. Therefore, it was decided that the church be moved to its current location on the other side of Sverresgate. A new foundation was built across the street, and special iron rails were built, upon which the building would be moved on many iron rollers. In 1937, the church was moved across the street, drawing a large crowd of local residents. One sister of St. Joseph who witnessed the event wrote in her memoirs: "The whole town attended the event with excitement ... Suddenly the Catholic church was the center of all attention, especially when the building stood for a few days in the middle of the street, blocking all traffic." After the church was moved over to the new foundations, a new weaponhouse room was added which included an overhead gallery to provide room for extra seating. The church was consecrated again at its new location on 10 October 1937.
Today, Our Lady of Good Counsel Church is the last of the Dragestil churches commissioned by Fallize still holding mass, with the other churches in Stavanger, Drammen, and Fredrikstad having since been replaced with newer and larger buildings.
Our Lady of Good Counsel Parish.
The church is the parish church of the Our Lady of Good Counsel Parish of Norway, and thus the parish shares its name as is custom. The parish comprises the entire Telemark county, except for the western municipalities of Nissedal and Fyresdal. The parish borders the parishes of St. Franciskus Xaverius in Arendal to the southwest, St. Paul in Bergen to the west, and St. Laurentius in Drammen and St. Frans in Larvik to the north. As of 2012, the parish priest is Sri Lankan-born Father Clement Inpanathan Amirthanathan, replacing Father Reidar J. D. I. Voith who had moved to the position of parish priest in Stavanger.
As of 2011, the parish has almost 2,300 members, and just like the church's early days, it includes a large immigrant population. Our Lady of Good Counsel's membership includes people of about 80 different nationalities, and it holds mass in four languages: Norwegian, English, Polish, and Vietnamese. Of the parish's population, only slightly over half were born in Norway, with the next most common nationalities being Vietnamese, Filipino, and Polish. Most of the church's members live in the Grenland area, since Porsgrunn contains the only church in the parish, but there are also masses held once or twice a month at chapels in Kragerø, Notodden, Rjukan, Tokke, and Drangedal.
Convents.
Apart from the five chapels across Telemark, the parish also features a small monastery near Lake Tinn, built in 1977. The monastery was started by Robert K. Anderson OCSO, an immigrant from Minnesota, on a disused farm called Hylland. There is now a small community of trappist monks on the site and a small chapel they built by hand, in which they hold mass for Eastern Rite twice weekly.
Benedictine convents such as the one at Hylland are not unusual for the area: in fact, there is evidence of such convents existing all the way back in the 12th century. When the lendmann Dag Eilivsson returned home from the Norwegian Crusade, he was inspired by the monastic life he had seen while wintering in southern England. He decided to build a covenant on his property on Gimsøy island, approximately where Dir. Smidths gate lies in Skien today. The Gimsøy Abbey, as it became known, served as a nunnery for centuries until the 1500s, when the Reformation caused its dissolution. Nuns from this abbey are likely what gave Porsgrunn its name, as they often went into the area to gather "pors" (Myrica gale). The buildings burnt to the ground in the 1500s, and there is no trace of them on the island today.


John and Margarethe Kemp Cabin

The John and Margarethe Kemp Cabin is a log cabin built in 1863 by a German immigrant pioneer family in the Town of Mazomanie, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
History.
John and Margarethe Kemp married in Prussia, had two children there, then immigrated to America. In 1863 they bought the 80 acre parcel that contains the cabin. They were probably the first settlers on the land, and put up the cabin quickly, flattening only one side of the logs to make a smooth inner wall, and joining the corners with simple square notches and wooden pegs. The Kemps lived on the farm until around 1900, and despite its simple construction, the cabin served as a home into the 1920s.
After the Kemps, Andrew Williams owned the farm for about ten years, then the George Wachter family farmed it for fifty years. It was bought by Larrie and Diana Isenring in 1961, and they used the cabin as the office of their campground. The Isenrings would sell the site to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in 1989, and it now lies within the Blackhawk Unit of the Lower Wisconsin Riverway recreational area.


Holy Trinity Church, Skipton

Holy Trinity Church is in High Street, Skipton, North Yorkshire, England. Medieval in origin, the church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.
The older active Anglican parish church in the town, it is located in the deanery of Skipton, the archdeaconry of Craven and the Diocese of Leeds. Its benefice is united with that of a church in a neighbouring village: St Augustine, Draughton.
History.
The first church on the site was built in the early 12th century, probably in wood. The present church dates from about 1300, and was extended to the east in the late 15th century. The church was damaged during the Civil War, and was repaired and restored in the 1650s with financial assistance from Lady Anne Clifford of Skipton Castle, whose father's tomb is in the church.
In 1853 the tower was struck by lightning. The church was restored in 1909 by the Lancaster architects Austin and Paley. During this process, the galleries were removed, a north transept and new vestries were added, and new seating was installed. The church was struck by lightning again in 1925, causing a fire that destroyed the organ and damaged the roof. The roof was repaired, and a new organ case was installed, again by Austin and Paley. In 1979 the Lady Chapel was created in the southeast corner of the church, and more recently a Prayer Corner was developed in a corresponding position at the northeast of the church.
Architecture.
The plan of the church consists of a nave with a clerestory, a south porch, a north transept containing the organ and vestries, a chancel with the Lady Chapel to the south and the Prayer Corner to the north, and a west tower embraced by the nave. The window tracery is mainly in Perpendicular style, with some in Decorated style. The font stands at the west end of the nave, and has a Jacobean cover. The rood screen dates from 1533. In the chancel is a triple sedilia. There are monuments in the church dating from the 16th and 17th centuries to the memory of members of the Clifford family. One of the windows contains stained glass by Kempe. The original pipe organ was built in 1803 by Lincoln of London. It was sited in a gallery on the northeast of the church, and had been moved by 1855 to the southeast corner of the church. In 1875 a new organ was built by Jardine, and it was moved in 1888 to a new organ chamber on the northeast of the church by Abbott and Smith of Leeds. Following the destruction of this organ in 1925, a new three-manual organ, built by Rushworth and Dreaper of Liverpool and designed by Edward Bairstow, was installed. This organ was rebuilt and reduced to two manuals in two phases in 1966 and 1970, and moved into the left bay of the north transept by Laycock and Bannister of Keighley. There is a ring of eight bells, all cast by John Taylor & Co. of Loughborough in 1921.
References.
Citations
Sources


Bonn-Bad Godesberg station

Bonn-Bad Godesberg station is on the Left Rhine line () in the Bonn district of Bad Godesberg in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It is a four-track through station, which does not have a “home” platform attached to the station building. Instead, it has two through and overtaking tracks on two island platforms, with one platform numbered 1 and 4 and the other 2 and 3, which is unusual in Germany, but occurs several times on the Left Rhine line.
History.
The station was inaugurated on 15 October 1855 as part of the extension of the Left Rhine line from Bonn to Rolandseck station. The need for Godesberg station, which was then in open fields, was said to stem from the fact that Godesberg was the location of the summer homes of many shareholders of the Bonn–Cologne Railway Company and the president of the Rhenish Railway Company. For years the shareholders had a table in the station buffet and insisted on almost all trains stopping in Godesberg.
From the turn of the century Godesberg grew rapidly and established itself as a resort and retirement home for retired Prussians, increasing the importance of the station. The old neoclassical entrance hall was too small and in 1908 it was replaced by the Art Nouveau building that still exists, with even its interior largely preserved; this is located just south of the old station. At the same time, the route of the railway line was raised by about a metre and subways were built under the line for the streets of Friedrichallee, Rheinallee and Bürgerstraße. As Godesberg's name was changed to Bad Godesberg in 1925, the name of the station was also similarly changed. After the city was incorporated was to Bonn in 1969, the station was again renamed in the summer 1971 timetable and received its present name of Bonn-Bad Godesberg. Since the mid-1980s express trains have not served Bonn-Bad Godesberg, except for a period in the early 1990s, when at first InterCity Night services stopped at Bad Godesberg and later Intercity-Express trains on the Bonn–Berlin route started and ended in Bad Godesberg.
Operations.
Platform track 1 is served by regular regional trains to the south (Koblenz and on to Mainz). Track 2 is used by regional trains to the north (Bonn and on to Cologne). Tracks 3 and 4 are only used as sidings and as passing tracks.
Train services.
Today the station is served by Regional-Express and Regionalbahn services and is served by four routes each hour, so that to and from Bonn Hauptbahnhof there are services at approximately 15-minute intervals. The station is above a Deutsche Bahn ticket office and some small shops. The main station building is now occupied by the "Klangstation", a concert, theatre and lecture hall.
The station is served by the following services:
Stadtbahn services.
Since 1994, a station of the Bonn Stadtbahn has been located under the Bad Godesberg railway station:
Plans.
Between 2014 and 2016, an extensive modernisation and renovation of the station is to be carried out, including the complete renovation of the pedestrian underpass and the installation of lifts on the platforms.


Ablington Manor

Ablington Manor is a Grade I listed country house in Potlicker's Lane, Ablington within the parish of Bibury, Gloucestershire, England. The estate was owned by the Howse family, until John Coxwell purchased it in 1574. Coxwell built the house in 1590, and alterations and additions were added in around 1780. The house is a Grade I listed building.
History.
The Manor at Ablington was originally the property of Gloucester Abbey. After the dissolution of the monasteries, it was leased to the Howse family before being bought in 1574 by John Coxwell. He was a self-made man who had made his money in the wool trade. He raised his family's social status from middle class to being members of the gentry, and by the time he died, aged about one hundred, he owned he owned part of the Manor of Siddington and all of the Manor of Ablington. The manor house was built in about 1590, and his descendants lived there until at least 1829, when Charles Coxwell was the incumbent. After the English Civil War, the wool trade improved and a number of elegant large barns were built. The barn at Ablington Manor was one of these, and has a date stone "1727 JC", denoting the fact that the lord of the manor at the time was John Coxwell.
The house.
The house is built of rubble limestone with roughcast render and a stone slate roof. It is a two-storey building with attic and cellar. The house of 1590 had a three-room plan but later additions in the seventeenth century and around 1780 enlarged this, and internal remodelling was done in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The gardens.
Ablington House is set in extensive grounds. The pleasure gardens are described as "consisting of terraced lawns with parterres and a sundial, shaded by specimen trees. The gardens ran down to the River Coln which flowed under a picturesque bridge on the estate and had a summerhouse on its bank. There were also croquet, archery and tennis lawns. It became a Grade I listed building on 23 January 1952.


Smithfield Public Library

The Smithfield Public Library, at 25 N. Main St. in Smithfield, Utah, is a Carnegie library which was built in 1921. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.
It was designed by architect Fred W. Hodgson in Prairie School style.


Mallard Cottage

Mallard Cottage is a heritage-designated building located within Quidi Vidi Village in the City of St.John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The cottage is a one-and-a-half-stories with a hipped roof and central chimney. The architecture is an example of early 19th century vernacular style patterned on Irish thatched-roofed cottages. Though the exact date of construction cannot be confirmed, based on evidence from construction techniques, architectural style, and oral history the date for its construction are placed between 1820 and 1840, making it one of the oldest residential structures in St. John's. Two other buildings in St.John's of the same style are Anderson House, built 1804–1805, and Martin McNamara House, exact construction date unknown. These three structures are the best preserved examples of late 18th and early 19th century architecture in St.John's.
History.
Mallard Cottage was built by the Mallard Family, an Irish-immigrant family of fisherfolk and farmers, who resided in the property from its construction until the early 1980s. Though the date of construction is unclear there is a transaction shown in the Registry of Deeds dating to 1803 showing an exchange of chattels between a William Mallard, fisherman, and Messrs. Cunningham, Bell, and Co of St. John's.
Restoration and heritage designation.
In 1985 the property was purchased by Peg Magnone. After purchasing, the property underwent major restoration and modernization work. At the time of purchase the property did not have electricity, running water, or an indoors bathroom. Great care was taken in the renovation to preserve the historical significance of the property while also making it usable as an antique shop. The cottage was successfully operated as an antiques store from 1985 until it was purchased from Magnone's granddaughter in 2011.
After Mallard Cottage was purchased in 2011, work began on converting it into a restaurant, including an extension at the rear to create additional dining area of 30 square metres. In addition to the extension a major structural overhaul was completed due to the advanced state of deterioration in certain parts of the cottage when it was purchased. For their success in restoring the cottage as close as possible to its original condition, the owners were presented with the Southcott Award in 2013.
Mallard Cottage was designated a National Historic Site by Parks Canada in fall 1983, a Registered Heritage Structure by the Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador in December 1986 and a Heritage Building by the City of St. John's in 2006.
Current usage.
Since November 2013, Mallard Cottage has been run as a restaurant. Known for their use of local ingredients and culinary inspiration, the restaurant created by chefs Todd Perrin, Kim Doyle and Sommelier Stephen Lee has won many accolades including being ranked the 22nd best restaurant in Canada by Canada's 100 Best in 2018.


Lewisham Sewer Vent

Lewisham Sewer Vent is a heritage-listed sewer vent shaft at The Boulevarde, Lewisham, Inner West Council, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by NSW South Wales Public Works Department and built from 1909 to 1909. It is also known as The Boulevarde Sewer Vent. The property is owned by Sydney Water. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 15 November 2002.
History.
The Northern Branch Main sewer was partly completed by 1901 and was completed before the Western Main Branch. This Branch was a siphon at the low point in Illawarra Road near Sydenham Road. The siphon is maintained by the sewage being diverted temporarily to SPS 271 for flushing purposes. This pumps it to the Eastern Branch Main Sewer.
The Dobroyd Submain discharges into this Branch at Lewisham at the point where the Lewisham Vent Shaft is located. This vent was completed in 1909 and is only one of a handful of like shafts in Sydney Water system.
Steel straps to the shaft were added in the mid to late twentieth century.
Description.
Located some 25 metres north of Hunter Street and fronting the Boulevard is a Queen Anne revival brick and stone fence and timber entrance doors behind which is the brick and stone vent shaft. This shaft is an excellent example of the brick and stonemasons craft built in 1909. The overall height of the vent shaft is approximately 9 storeys with rubbed red and cream glazed brick decoration. The pedestal is octagonal in plan with the shaft emanating at a stone transition to circular in plan with entasis from the base. The bottom of the pedestal is coursed rock faced stone to rusticated stone to 19 courses of English bond brick, upon which is the stone transition course from octagonal to circular. The pedestal extends in a circular brick form of 36 courses in English bond to a stone coursed base of the shaft, the brick shaft being surmounted by a stone course with brick cap. It is possible there was a decorative cowl however there is no evidence of that now. Directly around the base is a reconstructed federation period domestic dwelling (using the base as part of their land use). Across the road in The Boulevard is a public school and the remaining houses surrounding the vent shaft are generally detached late Victorian and Federation period dwellings. The vent shaft is particularly noticeable on the vista from Wardell Street.
The pediment above the entrance reads MBW-S&S; 1909.
The entrance doors are in timber and likely to be original although the panels may be later.
The structure is substantially intact and in good condition apart from the need for repointing in strategic places particularly of the fence and in areas of the shaft. Three steel bands are fitted to the upper portion of the shaft to assist in stabilising the fabric. The fence in its design and scale sits well with the adjoining streetscape.
Heritage listing.
The strategic use of polychrome brick work and moulded brick details along with a considerably intact entrance fence and shaft make this structure arguably the most elaborate one of its type left in the Sydney Water system, or in NSW. The quality of workmanship and detailing is unlikely to be seen again in this type of structure. The shaft is a landmark in the area which can be seen as far as surrounding ridge tops.
Lewisham Sewer Vent was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 15 November 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
The vent shaft is an important historical element in the operation of the northern branch main and Dobroyd submain.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The sewer vent is a landmark and highly visible and well detailed element of the townscape.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The vent shaft is likely to be held in high regard by the local community as a landmark structure in the locality, and has been recognised by the National Trust of Australia (NSW).
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The vent shaft exhibits qualities of craftmanship which is highly detailed and well executed, the likes of which is difficult to consider will ever be repeated again.
The vent performs an essential function in the proper operation of the sewer system.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
As part of a small collective number of like Sydney Water Vent shafts, and in the quality they have been undertaken, they are a Statewide significant piece of infrastructure.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
In terms of venting function solely, it is representative of like items in the systems.


Fire Station No. 2 (Topeka, Kansas)

The Fire Station No. 2 in Topeka, Kansas, at 719-723 Van Buren, is a fire station which was built in 1927. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 as Fire Station No. 2-Topeka.
It was designed by architect Thomas Wilson Williamson in 1927 to serve as Topeka's Fire Department Headquarters and as fire station for Company No. 2.
It is a two-and-a-half-story building with elements of Mediterranean Revival style (within broader Spanish Colonial Revival style) including its wrought iron balcony railings and its Spanish tile roof. Its modern features included a high fire drill tower, which was removed in 1967, and a fire alarm center.
It was remodeled in 1979 to serve as the Topeka Emergency Communication Center (TECOM), Topeka's then-new combined fire and police dispatch and 911
center.


Altair Campground Community Kitchen

The Altair Campground Community Kitchen, also known as Altaire Campground Community Kitchen, was built in Olympic National Park to serve the Altair Campground. It is an open rectangular shelter built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps personnel from the Elwha River Camp in the National Park Service Rustic style.
Located near the Elwha River, the peeled log structure is capped with a cedar shake roof, enclosing a cooking fireplace and chimney. It measures about by , with a stone cooking fireplace in the middle, rising through the roof. The lower portions of the log columns have been replaced with concrete piers due to deterioration, and the original peeled log railings have disappeared.
The Altair and Elwha Campground Community Kitchens are the only such structures remaining in Olympic National Park. The Altair campground was named after the USS "Altair", whose crew regularly used the site in the 1920s and 1930s. The kitchen structure was listed on National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 2007.
By 2014 the Elwha Dam and all other dams along the Elwha River were removed. When the river flooded in November 2015, both Altair and Elwha Campgrounds were severely damaged by water. National Park Service has no plans to restore the two campgrounds. The actual state of buildings in the two areas is not clear.


Mosholu Jewish Center

The Mosholu Jewish Center was an Orthodox synagogue located in the Norwood neighborhood of the Bronx in New York City at 3044 Hull Ave and was founded in 1927. From 1947 to its close in 1999 (due to the declining Jewish population of the Bronx), it was the pulpit of Rabbi Herschel Schacter
The Neo-Renaissance synagogue building
currently houses the "Msgr. Boyle Head Start program", run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York


Besarabsky Market

The Besarabsky Market (, "Besarabs'kyi rynok"), also referred to as the Besarabka (), is an indoor market located in the center of Kyiv on the Bessarabska Square at the southwest end of the city's main thoroughfare, the Khreshchatyk. Constructed in 1910-1912 to a design of Polish architect Henryk Julian Gay, the market features of market space.
Its name originates from Bessarabia, a region conquered by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Turkish Wars and now partially located in southwestern Ukraine on the territory of the Odessa Oblast (province).


Propeller Island City Lodge

Propeller Island City Lodge is a hotel and art installation in Berlin, Germany designed by artist Lars Storschen and located in the borough of Wilmersdorf. The hotel is known for its eclectic and elaborately themed rooms.
History.
In December 1997, German musician and artist Lars Storschen rented out rooms in his Berlin home to supplement his income. Bored with the idea of a traditional guest room, Storschen decided to create four uniquely themed rooms for his guests: the Symbol room, the Orange room, the Castle room, and the Mirrors room. He named the hotel Propeller Island City Lodge, based on the pseudonym he had adapted from the Jules Verne novel of the same name.
As the hotel's popularity grew, Strochen purchased vacant space in the same building and in 1998 began designing 27 new guest rooms. Floors 1 and 2 were opened in 2001, and the hotel's 3rd floor was completed in August 2002. As of 2013, the hotel consists of thirty rooms, including an art gallery, reception area, and Frühstücksraum (breakfast room).
Rooms.
Each room is considered more a work of art than a practical living space, and as such many are furnished with damageable or fragile materials. Guests are provided with a manual outlining specific rules for the care of their room's decorative touches. The rooms are not equipped with television or commercial radio, but there is a sound system featuring soundscapes recorded by Strochen. Since the opening of the hotel, some of the rooms have been redecorated.


Ibirapuera Park

Ibirapuera Park () is an urban park in São Paulo. It comprises 158 hectares between Av. República do Líbano, Av. Pedro Alvares Cabral, and Av. IV Centenário, and is the most visited park in South America, with 14.4 million visits in 2017.
Ibirapuera Park was the first metropolitan park in São Paulo, designed along the lines of other great English landscape gardens built in the 20th century in major cities around the globe, but inspired on modern drafts from the landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx. It was inaugurated on 21 August 1954 for the 400th anniversary of the city of São Paulo with buildings designed by architect João Felipe Pereira and landscape by agronomist Otávio Augusto Teixeira Mendes. The construction of several pavilions in the park was controversial when the park was designed, and group of people advocated for an exclusively green park rather than one that included buildings. In the 90s, its green areas were graded heritage-listed status by the city and the state of São Paulo to avoid further construction and keep its historical gardens and green open spaces preserved. In 2016, the complex of buildings designed by Niemeyer in the park were also registered as national landmark by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute.
Ibirapuera is one of Latin America's largest urban parks, together with Chapultepec Park in Mexico City and Simón Bolívar Park in Bogota, and its iconic importance to São Paulo is often internationally comparable to that of Central Park to New York City. The park is often cited as one of the most vibrant and photographed parks in the world, as together with its large area for leisure, jogging and walking, it hosts a vivid cultural scene with museums, a music hall, and popular events such as São Paulo Fashion Week, congresses and trade shows. It is claimed to be the most visited urban park in South America, is listed as one of the best parks in the world, and has been described as "a green oasis at the heart of a concrete jungle".
The park has been managed for decades by the city of São Paulo, but the local government plans to concession all its parks' management to private hands, starting with Ibirapuera Park. Since 2014, the park also has the support of the Ibirapuera Park Conservancy ("Parque Ibirapuera Conservação"), a strong community nonprofit that supports park stewardship and conservation actions through a capital improvement plan, engagement projects and volunteer work. Admission to the park has been free since 1954, and it is open from 5am until midnight every day.


Church of the Ascension, Susat

The Church of the Ascension of the Lord () ― is a Russian Orthodox church in Susat village, Semikarakorsky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia. It belongs to Semikarakorsky Deanery of Volgodonsk and Salsk Diocese of Moscow Patriarchate. It was built in 1914 in Russian Revival architecture style.
History.
It is known that before the Church of the Ascension was built, there had already been two churches in the settlement: the wooden Church of the Ascension of the Lord, which was completed in 1863, and the second one that was erected in 1891 at its place. When eventually it also became decayed, it was decided to erect a new church, this time a stone one. The Church of the Ascension in the village of Susat was founded in 1906, and construction works continued until 1914.
Two chapels of the church were consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and Feast of the Cross.
In 1929 the church was closed, and its premises were used for a local recreation centre, and then for the granary and warehouse of the shopping center.
In 1989 the church was handed over to the Russian Orthodox Church, and in the following year the liturgy was held there again. Soon after the building was repaired and interior decoration were also restored.
Exterior.
The church was built in Neo-Russian style. The building is cross-shaped in plan, it is adjoined by a three-tiered bell tower. On the roff there are small stained-glass windows. In front of the church building there is a memorial dedicated to the villagers who were killed during Great Patriotic War.


Roman Baroque

Roman Baroque may refer to either:


University Hall (Uppsala University)

University Hall or the University Main Building (Swedish: "Universitetshuset") is the main building of Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden. The building is situated in University Park close to Uppsala Cathedral. It was designed in Italian renaissance Beaux-Arts style by architect Herman Teodor Holmgren (1842-1914) and completed in 1887.
The building should not be confused with Carolina Rediviva, which is the Uppsala University Library building, or Gustavianum, the previous main building, which today is a museum.
History.
Before the completion of the present building, the main lecture hall of the university had been housed in the nearby Gustavianum, while the administration was housed in the Consistory House ("Konsistoriehuset") and the academic ceremonies took place in the Carolina Rediviva university library building. The chosen site for the new building was previously occupied by a riding exercise court belonging to the university. Planning and construction took place during a 10-year period, with the winning proposal designed by Herman Teodor Holmgren, a student of Fredrik Wilhelm Scholander. Holmgren had studied Beaux-Arts architecture in France, Italy and Germany and the University building became the largest of his works and the most well-known, counting among the foremost examples of this architectural style in Sweden and Scandinavia. The building contract was awarded to the C H Hallström building company.
During the excavations for the building and the University Park, remnants of the foundations for the 14th-century Archbishop's Castle were unearthed, but subsequently buried below the park. Budget problems and the problematic ground conditions, due to the steep incline and castle foundations, caused delays and redesigns during the construction period. The building was finally inaugurated by King Oscar II in May 1887.
The new building brought many advantages to the university, as the previous building Gustavianum only had two unheated lecture rooms. Several of the University Hall lecture rooms are still in use today, notably the Grand Auditorium, which seats 1,800 people. The inscription above the entrance to the main auditorium is an aphorism by the Swedish 18th-century philosopher Thomas Thorild (1759-1808), which famously reads:
Between 1996 and 2001, the building underwent a major renovation during which the paintwork in the entrance hall was restored to the original 19th century colors, which had been painted over during the 1970s.
Present use.
Today, the University Hall is mainly used for lectures, conferences, concerts and ceremonies, as well as formal receptions and consistory meetings. Many of the original administrative and academic functions of the building have been moved to modern buildings since the 19th century as the university has grown, but the University Hall retains its status as the formal main building. The building also houses a significant part of Uppsala University's extensive art collection and the Uppsala University Coin Cabinet.
As the building is still in use by the University, some of the rooms are normally inaccessible to the general public. Formal receptions for guests of the "rector magnificus", the Vice-Chancellor, are held in the Chancellor's room upstairs, and the adjoining suite of rooms is used by the four original faculties of Uppsala University, decorated with portraits of past professors and alumni of Uppsala University. It also contains a minor exhibit on the University's Nobel laureates. The Consistory, the governing body of the university, meets in an ornate board room on the entrance level, which is decorated with portraits of previous monarchs of Sweden from the Protestant reformation to the 20th century.


Bochum-Langendreer station

Bochum-Langendreer station is now a stop on the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn in the district of Langendreer in eastern Bochum in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Langendreer formerly had a 40 hectare marshalling yard, which is now used as a depot, with the location code of EBLA. Until the 1980s, the yard was also the location of a passenger station, which was served by express trains.
Services.
Bochum-Langendreer S-Bahn station is on the Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg line and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. It consists of two tracks on either side of a central platform. Both tracks are used for regular Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn services. It is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn line S 1 (Dortmund–Solingen) on week days every 15 minutes during the day between Dortmund and Essen.
The station is served by bus lines 369, 378 and 379 operated by BOGESTRA, at least once every 20 minutes. The station can also be reached by tramline 302 (Bochum Langendreer S - Gelsenkirchen Buer Rathaus), which is continued from the old endpoint Laer Mitte, to the new endpoint Langendreer station and tramline 305 (Bochum Langendreer S - Bochum Höntrop Kirche), which is a new tramline since December 2019. At night (weekend), the night buses NE3 to Bochum Hbf and NE17 to Witten run here.
Since November 2020, the tramline 309 (from Witten-Heven) has its endpoint at the station of Bochum Langendreer, too. Nearby the station the tramline 310 runs from Witten via Langendreer Markt to Bochum Höntrop Kirche. Langendreer Markt can be reached within walking distance or by tram lines 302, 305 and 309 or by bus.
History.
The first station in Langendreer was opened on 26 October 1860 by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company ("Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft", BME) on its line from Witten Hauptbahnhof. In 1862, this line was completed to Dortmund and Duisburg and now forms the Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg railway, one of the most important lines in Germany. In 1862 the line to Bochum-Laer was also opened exclusively for coal trains to the Dannenbaum colliery. In 1870, it was extended to Bochum-Dahlhausen and general freight trains began to run on it.
The BME station was quite far from the former village of Langendreer, approximately at the location of today's Bochum-Langendreer West station. The station primarily served freight transport, connecting in particular to the nearby Mansfeld, Vollmond and Neu-Iserlohn mines, while passenger traffic was only of secondary importance. As a major node in the BME network, the station was equipped with a large entrance hall, a large goods shed, built north of the railway tracks on Gasstraße, a rectangular engine shed with a turntable and a water tower. In 1874, the BME built a small marshalling yard, which was continually expanded over the years.
On 19 November 1874, the Rhenish Railway Company ("Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft", RhE) opened another station in Langendreer, located to the east of the BME station at today's "Kulturzentrum Bahnhof-Langendreer" (“Langendreer culture centre station”). This six-track through station was located to the north of the BME tracks on the line from Bochum Nord to Dortmund Sud. The relationship of the two railway companies was characterised by fierce competition, as shown by the controversy over the connection to the Siebenplaneten mine. This mine received a connection to both routes in 1877. In December 1880 the Rhenish Railway opened a branch line to Dortmund Löttringhausen.
Both the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company and the Rhenish Railway Company were nationalised between 1880 and 1882 and absorbed by the Prussian state railways. The former BME station was subsequently renamed "Langendreer-Süd" (south) and the former RhE station was renamed "Langendreer-Nord" (north). Further increases in traffic in the early 20th century resulted in a fundamental transformation of the railways in Langendreer, leading to the creation of separate passenger and freight rail networks. A new, two-sided marshalling yard (with separate yards for traffic in each direction) was built for freight in 1906, a six-track passenger station was built at Langendreer Nord. In 1907 and 1908 station building was built to a design by the architect Schlomeyer, which consisted of three buildings in the Art Nouveau style with a pitched roof. The Langendreer-Süd was closed and was redeveloped for residential building.
With the incorporation of Langendreer in Bochum, the station was renamed on 1 August 1929 as "Bochum-Langendreer". At the time of the Weimar Republic, the line was quadruplicated to Bochum, and Langendreer station was also served by the Ruhr rapid-transit network ("Ruhrschnellverkehr"), the predecessor of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn network. During the Second World War, the station was damaged, but only slightly compared to other similar stations.
Due to the closure of coal mining in the Ruhr, freight traffic dropped drastically in the 1950s. The western hump-yard was shut down in 1962, its marshalling operations were transferred to Bochum-Dahlhausen and Wanne-Eickel. The establishment of two Opel car factories in Bochum in 1962, changed the nature of freight traffic in Langendreer: in addition to new cars, car components from within General Motors Corporation were transported by rail. In 1967 a container terminal was opened; it was closed in 2000.
In the 1970s, there were limited regional passenger services serving Langendreer, on the line to Dortmund-Löttringhausen for example, there were two pairs of trains in the 1976 summer timetable. In 1982, Langendreer was abandoned as a stop for express trains. Since September 1983, the station has been served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn line S 1 S-from Bochum Hauptbahnhof via Langendreer to Dortmund. The newly built S-Bahn line runs south of the freight tracks, while the old lines ran to the station to the north of the freight tracks. With the opening of the S-Bahn line with two new stations of Langendreer West and Langendreer, the old passenger station was closed. Consequently, the direct passenger service towards Witten was abandoned. In 1985 the reception building was saved from demolition. The building was heritage-listed and extensively renovated in 1986 and re-opened as the Langendreer station culture centre ("Kulturbahnhof").
In the summer of 1998, the operations of the eastern marshalling yard was closed. Parts of these yard are now used as a train depot.


Katoomba Post Office

The Katoomba Post Office is a heritage-listed former post office and now retail building at 59-61 Katoomba Street, Katoomba, City of Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by NSW Government Architect's office. It is also known as Katoomba Post Office (former). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 December 2000.
Description.
Parapet wall to ends; two storey face brickwork; lower level base of face brickwork with upper and pilasters; face brickwork chimneys with terracotta chimney pots; multi-paned double hung timber windows.
Condition.
As at 26 October 2000, the condition of the post office was good.
Heritage listing.
As at 26 October 2000, historically and socially significant as a Post Office closely associated with the commercial centre of Katoomba and communications within the region. As an individual building the Post Office makes a strong contribution to the character of the Katoomba Street commercial shop group and streetscape.
Significant in demonstrating the transfer of control of Post Offices from State to Commonwealth. The NSW Government continued to design and build Post Offices until 1916 after which the Commonwealth took control. The Georgian Revival style of the state-built Katoomba Post Office (1910) was used as a model for a large series of new Post Offices built up to 1930 by the Commonwealth Department of Works and Railways.
Katoomba Post Office was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 December 2000.


Manderston

Manderston House, Duns, Berwickshire, Scotland, is the home of The Rt Hon. The 4th Baron Palmer. It was completely rebuilt between 1901 and 1903 and has sumptuous interiors with a silver-plated staircase. The proprietor, Sir James Miller, 2nd Baronet (1864–1906), told the architect, John Kinross, that there was no budget: "It doesn't matter". The house is a Category A listed building and the surrounding area, which includes the farm complex at Buxley, is listed in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.
Origins.
Manderston was an estate of the powerful Hume family, and their tower house appears on General Roy's map of 1750. Alexander Hume, of Manderston, "de jure" 5th Earl of Dunbar (1651–1720), seems to be the last member of this family who owned the estate. On 14 October 1689, King William III & II confirmed the Earldom of Dunbar to him, exemplifying the previous confirmation thereof by King Charles II. The estate was later owned for a short time by the head of the Swinton family, who now resides at Kimmerghame House nearby, and from whom the actress Tilda Swinton is descended. The present big house at Manderston incorporates the earlier Georgian house built about 1790 for Dalhousie Watherston (1752–1803).
Buildings.
The original c.1790 house underwent alterations in 1870 and was then extensively remodelled by John Kinross at the start of the 20th century. It is one of several Category A listed buildings in the estate along with the stables, a boat house and a gamekeeper's cottage; all of which were built by Kinross. Kinross was also responsible for the group of buildings at Buxley at the north of the estate.
Near to the house is a Category C listed cricket pavilion. Manderston cricket club was founded in 1899 and is one of the oldest in Scotland. The pavilion, built c.1900, was renovated in 1999 as part of the club's centenary celebrations following a successful Heritage Lottery Funding bid.
Family.
Sir James Miller's father, Sir William Miller, 1st Baronet (1809–1887), had, with his father James, made a fortune trading in Russia, mainly in herring and hemp. He was British Vice-Consul at St. Petersburg (1842–1854), Member of Parliament for Leith (1859–1868), and Berwickshire (1873–1874).
Sir James Miller, 2nd Baronet, had married Eveline, daughter of Alfred, 4th Baron Scarsdale, and his grand house remodelling scheme was said to be to remind his wife of the splendour of her family home, Kedleston Hall. They had no children and the estate passed to his brother John Alexander Miller, 3rd Baronet, (1867–1918). He also had no children by either of his two wives, and the estate passed to his sister Amy Elizabeth Miller, the present Lord Palmer's great-grandmother.
The house contains the world's largest collection of Huntley & Palmers biscuit tins, dating back to 1868. It is open to the public on selected days only.
Films.
The house was used in


Temple Beth Israel (Macon, Georgia)

Temple Beth Israel () is a Reform synagogue located at 892 Cherry Street in Macon, Georgia. Formed in 1859 by Jews of German background as Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Israel, it was originally Orthodox, and followed the German minhag.
The congregation constructed its first building on the corner of Poplar and Second Streets from 1871 to 1874. The congregation's current building was constructed on the corner of Cherry and Spring Streets in 1902.
, the rabbi was Larry Schlesinger. Rabbi Larry Schlesinger retired in June 2017 and is honored with Emeritus status. He is succeeded by Rabbi Aaron Sataloff.
External links.
Temple Beth Israel website


Hamburg Dammtor station

Hamburg Dammtor is a railway station for long distance, regional and suburban trains on the Hamburg-Altona link line, located in Central Hamburg, Germany. In front is a bus station of the same name for public transport.
The railway station is one of four long distance train stations in Hamburg. The other stations are Hamburg Hauptbahnhof, Hamburg-Altona and Hamburg-Harburg. Despite its size and importance, the station is classified as a railway stop ("Haltepunkt") because it does not have any switches, a requirement for a station ("Bahnhof") according to the regulations.
History.
The name "Dammtor" originates from an old city gate located here until the end of the 19th century. The present railway station was opened on 7 July 1903. A previous station, built in 1866, was located around away.
Location.
Hamburg Dammtor is close to the Wallring and the center of Hamburg, located in the quarter Rotherbaum of the Eimsbüttel borough. Nearby are also the University of Hamburg and the Congress Center Hamburg. As a result, the railway station signs have the addition "Messe- und Kongressbahnhof" (trade fair and congress station).
Service.
The railway station has 4 elevated tracks, on two island platforms, one servicing the regional and long distance trains, the other platform servicing the S-Bahn.


Russian Church, Geneva

The Russian Church, Geneva (French: Cathédrale de l'Exaltation de la Sainte Croix, "Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross") is a historic Russian Orthodox church in Geneva, Switzerland.
Grand Duchess Anna Fyodorovna, who resided in Bern and Geneva after she chose to separate from Grand Duke Constantine, gave funds to build the church in 1863. It was designed by David Grimm of the Imperial Academy of Arts and completed in 1866 in the fashionable Les Tranchées neighborhood of Geneva. The Russian revival church, with its Byzantine striped arches and gold onion domes, underwent restoration in 1966. The church remains in active use.


Always Ultra Bridge


Free Church, Great Charles Street, Dublin

Free Church, Great Charles Street, Dublin was a proprietary episcopal chapel in Summerhill, off Mountjoy Square in Dublin.
Built by Methodists, in 1800, designed by architect Edward Robbins, and initially known as the "Wesley Chapel". Following a schism in the congregation in 1816, a group called the Primitive Wesleyan Methodists split from the Methodist Church, it became known as the free church. Due to the free church being too large for their numbers, the Primitive Wesleyan Methodists opened a new Chapel nearby in Langrishe Place, Summerhill, in 1825.
The Free Church was used by the Anglican congregation from the nearby St. George's Church, Dublin while it was being constructed.
It was reconsecrated a church within the Anglican Community on 4 May 1828 by Archbishop Magee. The landlord, the Methodist printer (who was treasurer of the Primitive Methodist Society Home Mission) R. Bennett Dugdale(1756-1826), wanted to prevent it becoming a Catholic church, and sold it in 1826, to the Church of Ireland. After this it was sometimes referred to as the "Free Episcopal Chapel, Great Charles St.". Rev. John Hare was Chaplain, assisted by the organist the Rev. Richard William Beaty, from 1828 until 1877, he was succeeded by his pupil Richard Harrison. Rev. Oswald Garrow Fischer BA, who served as chaplain to the forces was attached to the Free Church for a time, as was Rev. Ernest Fischer who was Chaplain. C.R.R. Magrath who preached at and was Honorary Secretary of the Free Church (Dublin) wrote a short history of the church.
It served as a chapel of ease for St. George's Church, Dublin during its popularity in the early 20th century.
It closed as a church in 1988. It was refurbished and adapted around 1990 becoming Pavee Point, for use as Dublin Travellers' Education and Development Group.


Deichtorhallen

The Deichtorhallen in Hamburg, Germany, is one of Europe's largest art centers for contemporary art and photography. The two historical buildings dating from 1911 to 1913 are iconic in style, with their open steel-and-glass structures. Their architecture creates a backdrop for spectacular major international exhibitions.
In 2003 the southern hall was dedicated to the medium of photography, creating the House of Photography. Since 2011, the two buildings at the interface of Hamburg's Kunstmeile and Hafencity have been supplemented by a satellite in Hamburg's Harburg district, the Sammlung Falckenberg.
History.
Between 1911 and 1914, the "Deichtorhallen" ("the levee gate halls") were built as market halls on the grounds of the former Berliner Bahnhof railway station, Hamburg's counterpart to Berlin's Hamburger Bahnhof. They constitute one of the few surviving examples of industrial architecture from the transitional period between Art Nouveau and 20th century styles. The two halls are open steel structures, the northern hall is a longitudinal edifice boasting three naves and a 3,800 m2 footprint; the southern hall (1,800 m2) is a building with a lantern roof. Rupprecht Matthies created two "language cylinders" visitors can walk through for Deichtorplatz, which is also home to a Richard Serra sculpture. In the northern hall, there is a line of neon writing by Mario Merz and a "Blue Disc" by Imi Knoebel.
The Körber Foundation gifted the restored Deichtorhallen to the City of Hamburg. In 1989, they were assigned to a limited liability company: Deichtorhallen-Ausstellungs GmbH. On 9 November 1989, Deichtorhallen's international art exhibition program opened with the show "Einleuchten", curated by Harald Szeemann.
Deichtorhallen Hamburg has emerged as an exhibition center for photography and contemporary art with three pillars of activities, three institutions under the single Deichtorhallen brand. Since 2009, Dirk Luckow has been Artistic Director of Deichtorhallen Hamburg.


Old Iron Bridge, Merthyr Tydfil

The Old Iron Bridge of 1800, originally known simply as Merthyr Bridge before 1809, in , South Wales, was a cast-iron bridge across the .
Although an important early example of iron bridge-building and well known as a local landmark within living memory, the bridge has largely disappeared from engineering history.
Early iron bridges.
 across the Severn near Coalbrookdale opened in 1781 and is generally regarded as the world's first cast-iron bridge. It had little immediate influence on bridge design and few other important iron bridges were built as a result. However a flood in 1795 washed away many bridges on the Severn, but the Iron Bridge survived. This survival had more influence on bridge design, as did the completion of Wearmouth Bridge the following year. Cast iron was now established as a viable material for bridges and a number were produced in the years immediately afterwards.
Earlier bridges in Merthyr.
's was on the West bank of the River Taff, the opposite side from the centre of the developing town.
The previous stone bridge had collapsed in the winter of 1798–99. This left the only bridge across the Taff as Jackson's Bridge, which had been built in 1793 by the . This was an inconvenience to the inhabitants of Merthyr, many of whom now worked for the Cyfartha ironworks, who needed to cross the river to get to the works. Rivalry between the ironmasters was also intense and it was a matter of prestige for Cyfartha workers to not be dependent upon another company's bridge.
Small iron bridges already existed at Merthyr, crossing the Glamorganshire Canal. This was a far smaller watercourse than the Taff and only needed a simple single-panel bridge. One of these still survives, although now only kept as a monument in a park.
Construction.
Richard Crawshay commissioned a new bridge and had Watkin George, his principal engineer at Cyfartha and who had also designed the nearby Pont-y-Cafnau in 1792, design it. The bridge was built in 1799 and opened at the end of April 1800.
The river needed a span of around , which was too much to have been cast in one piece, or then installed, with the equipment of the time. Although structurally an arch bridge, the bridge was cast in three sections, each almost straight. The outer panels were straight, the centre had a rise of in its length. The sides of the bridge were cast as three rectangular panels, including their balustrade. The ends of the arch were supported on triangular cantilever brackets, cast in two sections. The abutments of the bridge were stone, battered back with sloping faces so that they met the ends of the arch panels perpendicularly. Where the iron castings abutted against each other was packed with oak planks, two or three inches thick and the width of the iron parts. These were bolted through and clamped. The intention was to give the iron structure some degree of flexibility, as otherwise it would be too brittle. However the short life of the timber gave trouble twenty years later and the bridge required extensive repairs.
The balustrade of the bridge did not form a structural part of it, although it was cast in situ with the main panels. There were three perpendicular uprights to each panel, with strips forming a pair of intertwined waves between them, giving an 'X' shape in each of the four spaces. These were cast integrally, but had the appearance of wrought ironwork. Three horizontal strips of wrought iron were riveted to the back, to make the gaps in the balustrade smaller, and these appear to have been added later. Its parapet also included 'heart-shaped' motifs at the centre of the bridge, distinctive to the work of Watkin George.
The deck of the bridge was formed of cast iron crossbeams. These were an inverted T in section, six inches on each arm and " in section thickness. With a length of twelve feet, they gave a useful carriageway wide. These crossbeams may have been added in the extensive 1817 repairs. The surface of the bridge was formed of stone setts or cobbles, but these gave a poor surface for walking as they were uneven between the gaps and slippery in rain. In later years the surface was dressed smooth with a layer of the abundant ironworks slag.
The iron sections are thought to have been cast in open-backed single-sided sand moulds, as one surface shows evidence of surface bubbles.
Repairs.
A series of inspections and repairs were made to the bridge, at two year intervals, from 1801 to 1809. Most of these were to the stonework of the bridge abutments or the stone retaining walls of the riverbank, particularly for improvements to reduce the effects of flooding. The 1809 report on its condition was the first time the name 'Iron Bridge' was recorded.
1817 repairs.
In 1817, major repairs were made to the ironwork of the bridge itself. , Watkin George's successor as chief engineer of the ironworks, made a report on its condition and recommended that an iron decking of flat plates should be applied over the existing structure, then a pavement of stone or iron treads be applied over that. The work carried out is not known, but the costs of it exceeded those that would be expected for a mere re-surfacing. The total cost £354 1s 10d, with £196 11s 6d paid for castings and £147 0s 2d for labour. Williams was paid 10 guineas for his involvement.
It has been suggested that the cross girders directly beneath the surface of the bridge had been installed during the 1817 repairs, their cost explaining the large sum of paid for castings.
1816 and 1817 were boom years for the building of iron bridges in Britain and many surviving bridges date from this period. Waterloo had ended land warfare in Europe but this led to widespread economic and civil disruption. Despite this, ironmasters sought markets for their increasing capacity and to recover the lost markets for military ordnance. Roadbuilding and bridge projects could stimulate a local economy and trade, whilst also providing employment to the demobilised soldiers.
1852 repairs.
The 1852 report was carried out Henry Wren, Superintendent of the local Board of Health. He found that the bridge was significantly decayed, particularly the timber packing between the castings. He went so far as to suggest that the bridge was both unsafe in its current state and that it was beyond economic repair, largely due to the need to dismantle it almost completely. He suggested instead that the first consideration be given to a replacement, and that this replacement should be in the location of the later Ynysgau Bridge. Such a bridge could be wider, better suited to vehicles, and would be aligned with the two main roads on each side of the river.
However a committee of three was tasked with deciding on what to do with the bridge and they chose instead to repair it. The cost was £66 12s 6d, more than half of which was for timberwork.
1860 report.
By 1860, after a long delay, the Board of Health decided to seriously consider replacement and began with a traffic survey of the current bridge. For a week in June-July, daily traffic from 8am to 8pm was counted:
The recommendation was to construct a new bridge and an estimate of £1,700 was given as the cost of this.
Replacement.
A replacement bridge was long overdue; apart from the concerns over its structure, its narrowness and the amount of traffic using it led to accidents. In 1872, a young girl lost both her legs after being run down by a cart.
Ynsygau Bridge.
In March 1880, a new and larger bridge, the Ynysgau Bridge, also called the New Iron Bridge, was eventually opened next to the old bridge.
The had been built in 1749 on the East bank of the Taff, adjacent to where the first bridge would be built. The Old Bridge has sometimes been referred to as the Ynysgau Bridge, but this is a modern anachronism, after both had been demolished, and the name belongs to the later bridge.
The original bridge crossed the river perpendicularly, so as to be the shortest span. The new bridge was on a skew, giving a straighter alignment between Penry Street on the West and into Victoria Street. This required a longer bridge, and it was also widened to be more easily capable of carrying vehicle traffic.
This bridge was made of wrought iron as a structure. This allowed it to have a flat and horizontal deck all the way across.
Removal.
The bridge remained in use until WWII, although as just a footbridge with bollards to prevent vehicles, after which the ends were fenced off, pending its demolition. However, once again, the bridge's demise was postponed and it remained in use through the 1950s.
In the late 1950s, concern at protecting the town from the river's near annual floods, and the increasing number of motor vehicles, led to a widespread scheme to widen the river and canalise it between robust banks. This included a new, wider, bridge in 1958, just north of the iron bridges, a weir to control flow, and demolition of several buildings adjoining the river.
By September 1963, the bridge was still standing but the surface material had been removed, exposing the cross-girders. The complete bridge had gone by the end of November.
By January 1967, all trace of both iron bridges had been removed and the Taff had new, wider concrete banks. The Ynsgau Chapel was demolished a few months later.
Storage.
Components are still stored in the grounds of by , for possible re-erection. Little is known of them and there are no plans to re-erect them. They are not on general display and many heritage groups are even unaware of their existence. They were photographed there in 2015 by Christopher Tipping. Some damage is evident, either in storage or during demolition.


Clapham South tube station

Clapham South is a station on London Underground's Northern line between and Balham. The station is located at the corner of Balham Hill (A24) and Nightingale Lane, at the southern edge of Clapham Common. It is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Travelcard Zone 3.
History.
The station was designed by Charles Holden and was opened on 13 September 1926 as the first station of the Morden extension of the City and South London Railway, which is now part of the Northern line. Other proposed names for the station prior to opening were "Balham North" and "Nightingale Lane".
The apartments above the station, named Westbury Court, were a later addition, built in the mid-1930s. The parade of shops along Balham Hill was extended as part of the same development using the same style as the original three closest to the station.
The station was refurbished in the 1990s, with new flooring, tiling and CCTV - albeit ensuring that original Charles Holden features were restored or reproduced. The restoration work was awarded a National Railway Heritage Award.
It is one of eight London Underground stations with a deep-level air-raid shelter underneath it. In 1948, the deep shelter was used as temporary accommodation for immigrants from the West Indies. The arrived at Tilbury in 1948 carrying 492 immigrants. London had a severe labour shortage after the war and the Colonial Office had sought to recruit a labour force from Jamaica. An advertisement had appeared in Jamaica's "Daily Gleaner" on 13 April 1948 offering transport to the UK. The "Windrush" was quickly filled. As there was no accommodation for all of the new arrivals, the Colonial Office housed many of them temporarily in the deep-level shelter at Clapham South. The underground shelter opened its doors to the public in 2016.
Connections.
The station is served by London Buses routes 50, 155, 249, 355, G1, 690, and also by night route N155.


Co-Cathedral of Guadalajara, Spain

The Co-cathedral of Santa María de la Fuente la Mayor (Spanish: "Concatedral de Santa María de la Fuente la Mayor") is a co-cathedral located in Guadalajara, in Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sigüenza-Guadalajara.
The building is in mudejar style.
It was declared "Bien de Interés Cultural" in 1941.


Villa Aalto

The Aalto House, the home of Academician Alvar Aalto is located in Munkkiniemi, Helsinki, at 20, Riihitie. The house is part of the Alvar Aalto Museum, which functions in two cities, Jyväskylä and Helsinki. The other location in Helsinki where the museum functions is Studio Aalto, which is located ca. 450 metres from the house, at Tiilimäki 20.
Background.
Aalto became acquainted with Munkkiniemi and developed a liking toward it when he was drafting a proposition for building of the shores of Laajalahti Bay for the company of M.G. Stenius. The proposition never materialised, it would have meant that the shores would have been lined with long, white apartment buildings. However, in 1934 Aino and Alvar Aalto acquired a lot in Munkkiniemi, in a place that was still nearly in its natural state, and designed for the lot a house, which was completed in August 1936, roughly at the same time as the Viipuri Library. When he house was under construction, passers-by are said to have wondered what kind of a henhouse it was going to be, as the house was radically different from anything that had been built in Munkkiniemi by that time.
Features of the house.
The house was designed to be both a home for the family and the studio of an architect. The slender office wing is in white-painted, lightly rendered brickwork. The positioning of the windows still shows clear hints of functionalism. The residential part is clad with slender, dark-stained timber battens. The roof is flat and on the courtyard side there is a large terrace opening up to the south.
The façade is toward the street, it is closed-off and harsh, but it is rendered softer by climbing plants and a slate path leading up to the front door. The house anticipates the later Villa Mairea, and it bears hints of a “new” Aalto, of romantic functionalism. This is seen in the plentiful use of wood as a finishing material and in the four fireplaces built of brick. But in contrast to Villa Mairea, this house is not a luxurious residence but a cozy and intimate living quarters, in which simple, uncluttered materials are used.
Later, in 1955, Studio Aalto was completed, also in the Tiilimäki neighbourhood of Munkkiniemi, but the architect is known to have enjoyed working in Villa Aalto even after that.
Details of and episodes at the private home.
The living room is dominated by a grand piano, which Aino Aalto is known to have enjoyed playing. The whole interior is designed by Aalto, except for three Renaissance chairs, which were a memory from their honeymoon trip to Italy.
Many times tourists, who came from far-away countries tried to peek at the house from a nearby sports field. The locals knew that Aalto and his wife liked to take “open air baths” naked in the yard when services were held at the nearby church. Especially Japanese tourists tried to climb over the fence and into the garden, and this habit of the resident couple came as a surprise to them. The neighbours could always hear it when this reality dawned upon the tourists. The locals were under the impression that the Aalto's found all this amusing.
Aalto lived in the house up to his death in 1976, and after this his second wife Elissa Aalto lived there until her death in 1994. The house was protected by a law in 1982, and it was renovated inside and out in the early years of the new millennium, funded by the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture and the city of Helsinki.
Open hours.
The house is open much the same as any museum in the country. Guided tours are given regularly, more often in the summer (several times a day in August) and less so in the winter (on only one day each week in December and January).


Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel

Congregation KTI (), also known as Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel, is a Conservative Jewish congregation located at 575 King Street, in Port Chester, New York, United States.
Early years: worship in members' homes.
Founded in September 19, 1887 (the first day of Rosh Hashanah in the year 5648) in the home of one of its members. In its early years, the congregation was made up of Jews who were "dissatisfied" with "a service that did not reflect their achievements and aspirations" nor satisfy their "emotional need for acknowledgement of their European roots" (93 The Jews of Westchester by Shragel and Drimmer). It was a time when Jewish communities bifurcated "as much for social reasons as for differences in ideology" (94). While mostly Orthodox in background, many of the members began to look more flexibly at traditions, which was seen as a somewhat necessary step. Some favored Friday evening services where men could linger. However, social strife crept in and "uncomfortable with the presence of German Jews at Port Chester's Kneses Israel," eight Russian peddlers split off to create Congregation Tifereth Israel in 1903. Both groups were drawn to more flexible conservative practice, which was not yet recognized, but were not seeking the more popular Reform movement. Finding their roots in a more Conservative practice that preserved the bulk of their religious and social traditions, the two congregations merged in 1927, forming what is now Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel.
With more members, meeting at congregants' homes became untenable, and they sought to acquire property. While it is not clear when it was purchased, KTI was housed, for some time, in the Traverse Avenue Synagogue and was sold in 1960 to the Port Chester Carver Center. In 1953, the congregation purchased the land on which it remains and the campus currently houses four buildings (two residences for clergy, the Gantz School building, and the main sanctuary). Today, the congregation draws membership from the greater Westchester area—specifically from Rye, Port Chester, Rye Brook, and nearby Greenwich, CT.
Design and architectural significance.
The building was designed by the architect Philip Johnson in 1954-56 in the International Style, with a simple interior and a ceiling of curving plaster panels, and completed in 1956. He did not charge a fee, and this has been called "a form of atonement" for his previous anti-Semitism.
The design of the building was intended to scale for the high holidays when attendance "swells." The original design included a bema decoration by sculptor Ibram Lassaw. The majority of the bema decor was acquired by the Jewish Museum in Manhattan following the renovation of the sanctuary in 2006 to increase accessibility and meet the changing needs of the congregation.
Building uses.
In 2013, the campus was chosen to be used as the site of Jonathan Tropper's film adaptation of "This Is Where I Leave You". Interior and exterior scenes of the synagogue were shot on the site and approximately 40 congregants were used as extras.
External links.
Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel website


Michelin House

Michelin House at 81 Fulham Road, Chelsea, London, was constructed as the first permanent UK headquarters and tyre depot for the Michelin Tyre Company Ltd. The building opened for business on 20 January 1911.
Brief history.
Designed by one of Michelin's employees, François Espinasse, the building has three large stained-glass windows based on Michelin advertisements of the time, all featuring the Michelin Man "Bibendum". Around the front of the original building at street level there is a number of decorative tiles showing famous racing cars of the time that used Michelin tyres. More tiles can be found inside the front of the building, which was originally a tyre-fitting bay for passing motorists. People walking into the reception area of the building are still greeted by a mosaic on the floor showing Bibendum holding aloft a glass of nuts, bolts and other hazards, proclaiming "Nunc Est Bibendum" (Latin for "Now is the time to drink"). The reception area also features more decorative tiles around its walls. Two glass cupolas, which look like piles of tyres, frame either side of the front of the building. The Michelin company's close association with road maps and tourism is represented by a number of etchings of the streets of Paris on some of the first-floor windows.
Michelin moved out of the building in 1985, when it was purchased by publisher Paul Hamlyn and the restaurateur/retailer Sir Terence Conran, who shared a love for the building. They embarked on a major redevelopment that included the restoration of some the original features. The new development also featured offices for Hamlyn's company Octopus Publishing, as well as Conran's Bibendum Restaurant & Oyster Bar, and a Conran Shop. All three businesses opened in August 1987.
Design and construction.
Patents owned by Dunlop prevented other manufacturers from selling their tyres in Britain, except under licence. The patents were due to expire in the autumn of 1904, and in anticipation of this, Michelin opened an office in Tavistock Place, South Kensington. Michelin sent four employees over from France to Britain to establish the new British branch of the company. Fourteen local staff were also recruited. In June 1905, the Michelin Tyre Company Limited was incorporated. Within a year, the staff had increased to over forty and the company moved into new premises in Sussex Place. When it soon became apparent that the company needed much larger premises, the search for a new site began. A number of different sites were looked into and the earliest plans for a purpose-built London Headquarters date from 1906 for a site on Vauxhall Bridge Road. In 1909, a site on Fulham Road was offered to the company. Fulham Road, one of the main routes into London was considered a great location. Later that same year, a piece of land bordered by Fulham Road, Sloane Avenue, Leader Street and Lucan Place was purchased freehold from Cadgan and Hans Estate Co. Work on a design for the building had already begun and on 4 April 1910, the final designs for Michelin House were completed. Shortly after, work began on the building's construction.
Technical aspects.
Michelin House is known for its decorative design. What cannot be seen from its exterior or interior design is that it is an early example of concrete construction in Britain.
The building was constructed using Hennebique's ferro-concrete construction system. The ferro-concrete system offered great benefits for the construction of clear open spaces (ideal for storing tyres in the most efficient way). It also offered fire resistance properties which were very important when storing large quantities of highly flammable tyres.
The system also had the advantage of quick construction; Michelin House took only 5 months to build. The original floors were constructed using hollow pot tiles. This flooring system as well as being highly durable also offered very good fireproofing qualities.
Other interesting original features in Michelin House were automatic doors into the entrance hall and a weighing bay in the fitting area which weighed customers' cars so the correct tyre pressure could be applied.
Architect.
The architect behind Michelin House was François Espinasse (1880–1925), who was employed as an engineer in the construction department at Michelin's headquarters in Clermont-Ferrand. It is believed that he worked on the design of Michelin's Headquarters in Paris (1908), but this is the only other known architectural work of his. The French Order of Architects in Paris have no record of him. Not much else is known about him other than he spent most of his working life at Michelin.
Architectural style.
Michelin House is a unique building that is fine example of late Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style) and early Art Deco. It was designed and built at the end of the Art-Nouveau period; parts of this style can be seen in the decorative metal work at the front of the building above the fitting bays, and the tangling plants round the tyre motifs at the front and side of the building, and also in the mosaic in the entrance hall. Despite this, Michelin House is very much like an Art-Deco building, the popular style of the 1930s with its prominent roadside position and its strong advertising images and symmetry. In this respect, Michelin House is a building twenty years before its time and is also the first of the highly decorated buildings 'built on tyres', as Michelin House was built before Fort Dunlop (1916) and the Firestone Building (1928–1980).
Michelin House has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England since April 1969.
Rise and fall.
On 20 January 1911, Michelin House was officially opened. The building offered everything the motorist of the time required. Fitting bays at the front of the building allowed motorist to have their tyres speedily changed by Michelin fitters from the stock of over 30,000 stored in the basement. Tyres were brought up on a lift and rolled to the front of the building along the purposely sloped floor. To the left of the front recipient, a 'Touring Office' provided maps and writing implements for the keen motorist to plan his or her journey.
Within a year of opening, work started on an extension to the building to provide additional office space and included a second floor. The extension was built along the Lucan Place side of the building. A further extension was built in 1922, ten years after the first. Located where a garage had stood, it reached three floors.
In 1927, Michelin built a factory in Stoke-on-Trent using the firm of Peter Lind & Company of London. The factory started producing the first British made Michelin tyres and in 1930, the company moved their head office to Stoke-on-Trent. Michelin continued to use the basement and the ground floor of the building, but over two-thirds were left empty. Between 1933 and 1940, the upper storeys were let as a furniture warehouse, a workshop and offices for the Air Ministry.
In 1940, because of the risk of bombing, Michelin removed the three stained glass windows. They were carefully packed into wooden crates and sent to the Stoke-on-Trent factory for safe keeping. After the war, Michelin returned its headquarters to London. The reduced staff meant only the front, original part of the building was occupied, while the rest of the building was leased. In 1950, a long term lease was signed by a new tenant for the space created in the 1912 and 1922 extensions. In 1952, an extension was added for the tenant. A steel frame construction, it extended part of the second floor and added a third floor along the Lucan Place side of the building.
In 1960, Michelin and their tenant began a modernisation programme for the interior of the building. The programme went along with the general taste of the time, dividing the open plan office and making much use of wood panelling. Although the work concentrated on the interior of the building, updating the exterior of the building with a cement rendered facade was considered.
On 15 April 1969 the original front section of the Michelin Building was given a Grade II listing. Despite this, outline planning permission was granted to demolish all but the listed part and build a ten-storey office block. Michelin instead decided to spend the money on a new factory in North America.
Sale.
In 1985, Michelin put the building up for sale. It was located in an expensive and fashionable part of London, but did not fit their office requirements.
Of the many people who made bids to buy Michelin House, the restaurateur and retailer Sir Terence Conran and Paul Hamlyn, owner of the Octopus Publishing Group, were friends who when they discovered they had been bidding against each other, formed a partnership to purchase it. In August 1985, it was sold to them for 8 million pounds. Plans were then set into action to create a new lease of life for Michelin House.
Rebirth.
Conran and Hamlyn set up Michelin House Developments to redevelop the building, to include a major retailing store, restaurant, bar and large office space. In November 1985, Conran Roche and YRM, the architects and designers placed in charge, made an application for planning permission to increase the existing floor area from 90,000 to . This was to be achieved by building a new steel and glass structure that would fill the space occupied by the side loading bay on the Sloane Avenue side, and by also adding a new neater front end to the third floor plus a new fourth floor and plant room above. Planning permission was granted and work began.
The chief contractor was Bovis, who worked on the shell and core. Conran Roche worked on the interior of the new Conran Shop, and YRM worked on the interiors of the Octopus Publishing offices.
Conran Roche and YRM had to search for suppliers to recreate many of the building's original features. The three stained glass windows which had been removed for safety during the Second World War had been lost and the glass cupolas at the front of the building had disappeared. After a long search, suppliers were found, and replicas of the windows and cupolas were made using original drawings, photos and posters.
In August 1987, Michelin House re-opened.
Recent history.
In the late 1990s, Reed/Octopus Publishing moved out. In 1999, Monitor Group, an international business consulting firm, moved into the office space.
Centennial.
20 January 2011 marked the 100th anniversary of the building's opening. The event was celebrated by the building's then occupants, Bibendum Restaurant and The Conran Shop, and the former owner, Michelin.
As part of the centennial, Michelin has renewed its efforts to find the original stained glass windows. A stained glass amnesty website and hotline have been set up for this purpose.


Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina

The Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina (sometimes referred to as "Padre Pio Pilgrimage Church") is a Catholic shrine in San Giovanni Rotondo, Province of Foggia, Italy, owned by the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. Its surface area is 6,000 square meters. Built in devotion to Saint Pio of Pietrelcina, it can accommodate 6,500 people seated at worship, with standing room for 30,000 people outside. The Genoan architect Renzo Piano designed the church. It is located in front of Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza ("Home for Relief of the Suffering"), a large Italian hospital and research center, founded by Padre Pio.