Patton Mansion

Patton Mansion is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1907, and is a two-story, five-bay, double pile, Jeffersonian Revival Style brick dwelling. It has a hipped roof and a full-height Tuscan order portico covering the center three bays of the front facade. There is a small hanging balcony with Chinese Chippendale balustrade above the entrance.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.


Curtin House

Curtin House is a six-storey Commercial Palazzo style building on Swanston Street in the Melbourne city centre, built in 1922 for the Tattersalls Club with offices to rent, and transformed in the early 2000s into a 'vertical laneway', with a range of specialist retailing, dining, and entertainment spaces occupying every floor and the roof.
History.
Curtin House was built in 1922 as the Tattersalls Club, on the site of Nunans's Buildings destroyed by fire on April 13, 1921. The fire claimed one victim, Miss Gertrude K Riley. Morton Parker Pimentel, director of Federation Films on the third floor, was accused of having started the fire deliberately, but the evidence was slight.
The Tattersalls Club building contained shops on the ground floor, bar and dining room and meeting rooms on the next two floors for the Club members, who were from the horse racing world, and offices to let above. It was one of the first major works of architect Harry Norris, who went on to design many important city buildings in the interwar years. The Club either disbanded or merged with another club and left the building in 1937, when their rooms were put up for lease with the bar and other fitting sold off in 1940.
In the late 1930s and early 1940s, the building housed the offices of the Victorian Branch of the Communist Party and its youth wing the League of Young Democrats. As supporters of Stalin, who had made a pact with Hitler, the CPA Australia was anti-war, and so seen as unpatriotic, and their offices and library here were famously raided on 17 June 1940 minutes after the Federal Cabinet decided to ban the party, 'seizing enough literature to fill two vans'. The League of Young Democrats had been spared, but were also raided on 25 February 1941 minutes after it too was declared illegal by Cabinet.
By 1948, the name had been changed to Curtin House, when it was reported as having become the new home of the National Secretariat of Catholic Action, which included a range of Catholic organisations and a bookshop, in the old Club rooms on the first floor. It is presumed that the new name commemorated the wartime Labor Prime Minister John Curtin, who had died in office in 1945. He was a lapsed Catholic, but it is not known exactly why or when the name was changed.
In 1967, it was leased by the Academy of Modern Greek (the Academy), a private Greek language school established by a group of community leaders to address the language, history and culture learning-needs of the school-aged children of the growing Greek community. Spiro Liolios was appointed Principal of the Academy and within a few months, he and his wife, Koula Liolios, took over the ownership of the school. The school flourished under their educational leadership and was the largest Greek school in Melbourne for many years, outgrowing all six floors of Curtin House by 1977; subsequently moving to the Theosophical Society Building, 187 Collins Street, Melbourne, where it continued to operate successfully until the 1990s.
During the 60s and 70s, Spiro Liolios also operated a number of other businesses within the building, such as "Golden Guide Publishing," which distributed the free community telephone book and community services guide, the "Greek Golden Guide," to the Greek community; as well as the "Italian Golden Guide", to the Italian community. He also established (with his accountant, Andrew Petrakis, as partner) and successfully operated a secretarial college, "Swanston College", offering typing, shorthand, and office administration certificate and diploma courses. Spiro and Koula Liolios also successfully operated the "Academy Interpreting and Translating" for many years. All from within the six storeys of "Curtin House".
Through the 1980s and 90s, Curtin House was occupied by a range of business and organisations attracted by the cheap rent, such as the Genealogical Society, and eventually used for pop up exhibitions and not quite legal residential space. Famous residents included Barrie Kosky and Chunky Move dance company's artistic director Gideon Obarzanek.
Transformation.
In 2000 it was bought by group of investors led by Tim Peach.
Following some restoration the rejuvenated Curtin House was progressively leased to a range of 'creative industries' and multiple food and entertainment venues. In 2003, the first to open was the bar-cum restaurant Cookie, occupying the high-ceilinged former club room on the first floor, developed by Camillo and Monika Ippoliti. The design by Phillip Schemnitz retained the main surviving features and combined them with careful interventions, and won a Hall of Fame gong in the 2018 Eat Drink awards. Melbourne's first rooftop cinema simply called Rooftop Cinema opened in 2006, and the Toff in Town live music and performance venue opened on the second floor in 2007.
Other tenants Metropolis Bookstore which relocated from St Kilda in 2001. In 2019 tenants included the four street level shops, Cookie, the Toff, Metropolis, a rare record store, a hair salon and two clothes retailers on the 3rd floor, another clothes retailer, an architecture office, and brand designer in the 4th floor, a whole floor residence on the 5th, and Mesa Verde restaurant on the 6th, and the Rooftop Bar and Cinema.


Mikael Agricola Church

Mikael Agricola Church (, ) is a Lutheran church located in the Punavuori district of Helsinki, Finland. It was designed by Lars Sonck and built between 1933 and 1935. The church was inaugurated on 14 April 1935. It is named after bishop Mikael Agricola.
Architecture.
The church is made of red bricks. The tower of the church is 97 meters high, the top reaching up to 103 meters above sea level. The 30-meter spike of the tower can be retracted if necessary as it fits inside the tower structure. This was done in the Winter War and the Continuation War so that the tower wouldn't act as a navigational aid to enemy bombers.
The church hall seats 850 people. The crypt can also be used for events for 200 people.


Nikolo-Perervinsky Monastery

Nikolo-Perervinsky Monastery (Николо-Перервинский монастырь in Russian) is the southernmost historical monastery of Moscow. It is dedicated to Saint Nicholas the Miracle-Worker. It is situated at south of the district of Pechatniki between the Moscow river and the Lublino railroad classification yard.
The abbey was first mentioned in the city records in 1623, although it is believed that it had existed for more than a century prior to that. Its name (from the Russian verb "to interrupt") is explained by the fact that the Moskva River has repeatedly changed its flow at this place. The abbey began to expand in the mid-17th century and grew especially large at the turn of the century, when Patriarch Adrian made the cloister his summer residence and built the so-called Old Katholikon (1696–1700). In 1775, they opened a theological seminary on the premises of the monastery. Its main sources of income were Sukharev Tower, Iverskaya Chapel and other sketes, attached to it by the ecclesiastic authorities.
In 1908, the vast New Katholikon was consecrated to the Holy Icon "Our Lady of Iberia". The abbey was closed down in 1928. The Russian Orthodox Church resumed divine service in the Old Katholikon in 1991.


Chinese Garden of Serenity

The Chinese Garden of Serenity (Ġnien is-Serenità) is a public Chinese garden in Santa Luċija, Malta. Construction of the Garden of Serenity began in September 1996 as a gift to Malta from the People's Republic of China. The Prime Minister, Alfred Sant, opened it on July 7, 1997.
Symbolism of the Chinese Garden.
Chinese gardens are intended to encourage people to roam freely in their inner thoughts, and are designed around three principles. A garden must:
Rocks and water are the two important physical elements in a Chinese garden. Their combination forms the architecture and horticulture. Rocks and water symbolize the basis of nature, yin and yang, all that gives life. Rocks are the body of the world—the hills and valleys. The water is the world's spirit, providing oxygen, breath, the liquid clouds, blood running through the veins. The rocks symbolize all that is active, the work, the forces of work. The water symbolizes all that is contemplated—all that complements work, thought, freedom, silence, and reflection— in other words, serenity.


Rovaniemi library

Rovaniemi library is the main municipal public library of the city of Rovaniemi, Finland. The library building is notable for having been designed by the renowned Finnish architect Alvar Aalto.
History.
The Rovaniemi public library dates back to 1860.
The building where the library used to operate was, along with up to 90% of Rovaniemi's building stock, destroyed during the Lapland War by the retreating German forces, necessitating the rebuilding of the city centre. In January 1945, Rovaniemi commissioned a new urban design from the Finnish Association of Architects rebuilding unit, with the design work headed by Aalto.
Aalto's eventual design, approved in 1946, is called "Poronsarvikaava" (literally, "Reindeer Antler Plan"), and incorporates five arterial roads forming the shape of a reindeer antler. At the centre of the plan, a complex of Aalto-designed public and administrative buildings, commonly referred to as 'Aalto Centre', comprises the Lappia Hall arts and conference venue and the Rovaniemi city hall alongside the library. The complex has been designated and protected by the Finnish Heritage Agency as a nationally important built cultural environment ("Valtakunnallisesti merkittävä rakennettu kulttuuriympäristö").
The library building was completed in 1965.
Architecture.
The overall layout of the building consists of a long, rectangular office wing, and a central, fan-shaped area housing the main lending section and reading areas. The reading areas are situated in a lower-level, recessed 'reading well', a signature feature of many of Aalto's library designs. The fan-shaped section has extensive roof lights designed to allow the maximum amount of natural daylight to enter the building, especially falling on the bookshelves positioned along the interior walls.
Much of the public areas is furnished with light fixtures and furniture by Aalto's own furniture and interior design company, Artek.
The exterior roof is clad with copper plates.


Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool

Liverpool Philharmonic Hall is a concert hall in Hope Street, in Liverpool, England. It is the home of the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Society and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. It is not the original concert hall on the present site; its predecessor was destroyed by fire in 1933 and the present hall was opened in 1939.
Original hall.
The Liverpool Philharmonic Society was founded in 1840 but initially did not have a permanent concert hall. In 1844 the Liverpool architect John Cunningham was appointed to prepare plans for a hall. The initial requirement was for a "concert room" holding an audience of 1,500 which would cost at least £4,000 (equivalent to £ in ). Later that year the requirement was increased to a "new concert hall" to accommodate an audience of 2,100 and an orchestra of 250, plus "refreshment and retiring rooms". Subscribers were invited to both buy shares and to purchase seats along the sides of the hall. The foundation stone was laid in 1846 and plans were made for Mendelssohn to write a cantata to be played in his presence at the opening of the hall. Mendelssohn did not live long enough to write the work.
The hall cost £30,000 (equivalent to £ in ) and was opened on 27 August 1849 accompanied by a week long festival. A correspondent for "The Times" reported that it was "one of the finest and best adapted to music that I ever entered". The correspondent described the interior:
According to "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", the hall was universally agreed to have superb acoustics. A new organ was installed in the hall in 1930 at a cost of £2,000 (equivalent to £ in ).
The concert hall continued to be the home of the society until a fire broke out during the evening of 5 July 1933. Despite over 100 firemen attending the fire, the hall and new organ were damaged beyond repair. Over 10,000 people stood in the streets around the hall to view the fire. There were no serious injuries - the hall had closed for the day - though two boys fell into the basement while watching the fire and a number of onlookers fainted or collapsed. The next day the chairman of the Philharmonic Society announced that the hall would certainly be rebuilt, saying that until then they would need to find a replacement hall in which to play. The hall contained a number of autograph books dating from 1848; these were contained in a fire-proof safe and thus kept safe along with autographed pictures and some instruments, though the music library was lost. The building was insured, and the insurers paid £84,000 (equivalent to £ in ) for the hall itself, £9,503 (equivalent to £ in ) for other assets, and £6,000 (equivalent to £ in ) for the loss of two years' rental. The exact cause of the fire was not known; only that it originated in the roof of the building. Demolition work on the building's ruins began the next day.
Present hall.
History.
The building of a new hall was delayed by the demands of Liverpool City Corporation, which announced that it would not support the building of a venue suitable only as a concert hall. The corporation demanded an auditorium equally suited to cinema and theatre use. Controversy ensued with vocal opposition to the corporation's stance led by the doyen of British conductors, Sir Henry Wood. A compromise was reached and work began in June 1937.
Herbert J. Rowse was commissioned to design a new hall on the site of the previous hall. Rowse's design was in Streamline Moderne style. It incorporated an organ built by the Liverpool firm of Rushworth and Dreaper with a console which can be lowered from the stage. The hall was officially opened on 19 June 1939, and inaugurated the next day with a concert conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham. "The Manchester Guardian" commented, "The magnificent compliment Liverpool has paid to the cause of music in England almost takes one's breath away ... a hall of great size, noble proportions, and up-to-date appointments ... ready to take its place among the most eminent homes of musical culture in this or any other country". The final cost of the hall was a little over £120,000 (equivalent to £ in ) and the architect was paid £6,869 (equivalent to £ in ). An extension was added to the rear of the hall which was completed in 1992, designed by Brock Carmichael Associates. A major refurbishment of the hall was carried out in 1995 at a cost of £10.3 million. This included the complete replacement of the fibrous plaster interior with concrete, carried out again by Brock Carmichael, working with the acoustic consultant firm Lawrence Kirkegaard Associates. A local violinist, John Frederick Clarke, who was part of the famed RMS Titanic orchestra, and the other band members who died during the ship's sinking in 1912 are all commemorated on a memorial plaque within Philharmonic Hall.
A further renovation, costing around £14 million, was completed in October 2015, primarily refurbishing the main concert hall and auditorium, and adding a new performance space named the Music Room.
Architecture.
The hall is built with fawn-coloured facing bricks, and is mainly in three storeys. It has a symmetrical frontage with a canopied entrance flanked by semicircular stair turrets. Above the entrance are seven windows that are separated by piers surmounted by carved abstract motifs. Outside the hall and separated from it are two piers for the display of posters. The architectural historians Pollard and Pevsner and the author of the description in the "National Heritage List for England" agree that the design of the hall was influenced by the Dutch architect W. M. Dudok.
The windows above the canopy contain glass etched by Hector Whistler. Glass doors panels by Whistler, originally from the building, and depicting musical instruments in art deco style, were featured on the BBC One's "Antiques Roadshow" in March 2015. Thirteen Pilkington glass panels had been purchased from a market in France by a Liverpool dealer, who expressed an interest in donating some to local museums. Inside the entrance to the hall is a copper memorial to the musicians of the "Titanic" by J. A. Hodel, and on the landings are gilded reliefs of Apollo by Edmund C. Thompson. The interior of the auditorium is "sensuously curved". On the walls on each side are incised female figures in art deco style that represent "musical moods", also by Thompson. On the back wall above the platform was a kinetic structure, called "Adagio", designed by Marianne Forrest in 1995; however this was moved to the nearby Harold Cohen Library at the University of Liverpool in 2016.
The hall contains a 3-manual pipe organ built by Rushworth and Dreaper, with a console on a lifting platform that can be played on the stage or from the area below the stage, and a Walturdaw rising cinema screen.
Current use.
The hall stages over 250 events each year, of which more than 60 are concerts of classical music. The main hall has a capacity of 1,700 with smaller events taking place in the Music, Green and 1840 rooms. The other shows include music of all genres (including international artists such as Sir Cliff Richard, Bryan Ferry, Brian Wilson, Kraftwerk and Gilbert O'Sullivan), comedians, and films shown on the Walturdaw screen. Tours of the hall are arranged, and the hall can he hired for corporate or private events, including weddings.
References.
Citations
Sources


Hovingham Hall

Hovingham Hall is a country house built in the Palladian style in the village of Hovingham, North Yorkshire, England. It has been the seat of the Worsley family and the childhood home of the Duchess of Kent. It was built in the 18th century on a site the Worsleys have occupied since the 16th century.
It is built of limestone ashlar with Westmoreland slate roofs to an L-shaped floor plan. An attached stable wing forms the main entrance. The hall is Grade I listed on the National Heritage List for England. A Tuscan temple and the ornamental bridge over a waterfall in the grounds of the hall are both listed Grade II. The wall to the north and the east of the hall and a pigeoncote to the north are both also Grade II listed.
History.
The Worsley family bought Hovingham manor in 1563.
The present house was built between 1750 and 1774 by Thomas Worsley VI (1710–1778), who was Surveyor-General to the Board of Works under George III, and designed the building himself. Unusually, it was developed around the existing stable block, which now forms the main entrance (see picture} and once housed a Riding School where Thomas taught George III to ride. Thomas was Whig MP for Orford from 1761 to 1768 and for Callington from 1768 to 1774. He was succeeded by his son Edward and he in turn in 1830 by his nephew William (1792–1879) who in 1838 was made first Baronet Worsley of Hovingham.
In front of the house is a cricket pitch, possibly the oldest private pitch in England. Colonel Sir William Arthington Worsley, 4th Baronet was the captain of Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1928 and 1929. He was also Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire from 1951 to 1965. He was succeeded by his son Sir (William) Marcus John Worsley, 5th Baronet (1925–2012), who was MP for Keighley and Chelsea, Lord Lieutenant of North Yorkshire and High Sheriff of North Yorkshire for 1982–83. The 5th Baronet's younger sister was Katharine Lucy Mary Worsley, who became The Duchess of Kent.
The house is presently occupied by Sir William Ralph Worsley, 6th Baronet (eldest son of the 5th Baronet) and his wife Marie-Noelle. The house and gardens are open to the public for a limited time each year, usually four weeks in June.


Peery Hotel

The Peery Hotel in Salt Lake City, Utah, is a 3-story Prairie style building that incorporates Classical Revival design elements. The hotel was designed by Charles B. Onderdonk and Irving Goodfellow and constructed in 1910 in what is now the city's Warehouse District. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
The Peery Hotel was constructed at a time of rapid growth in Salt Lake City, and its location was close to the new commercial center, including what is now the Exchange Place Historic District. The Denver and Rio Grande Depot and the Salt Lake City Union Pacific Depot were constructed about the same time as the Peery Hotel. The hotel was financed by members of the David Harold Peery family with funds from the Peery Estate. David Henry Peery, heir and oldest son of Harold Peery, had planned a smaller hotel for the site in 1907, but construction stopped prior to his death later that year. New hotel plans were drawn in 1909, and the Peery Hotel opened in 1910 under the direction of Peery's mother, Elizabeth Peery.
Harry K. Miles leased the hotel in 1925, and in 1947 he purchased the property and named it the Miles Hotel.
External links.


Congregation Adath Jeshurun

Congregation Adath Jeshurun is a historic synagogue, now serving as a church, at 397 Blue Hill Avenue in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. As the Jewish community of Roxbury gradually moved away, its congregation dwindled and in 1967 it was sold to Ecclesia Apostolic Church. It was purchased by its present owner, the First Haitian Baptist Church, in 1978. The church has restored it to its present condition.
The Romanesque style building was designed in 1906 by Frederick Norcross and David Krokyn and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.


Grande Hotel of Ouro Preto

The Grande Hotel of Ouro Preto (Portuguese: "Grande Hotel de Ouro Preto") is a hotel in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Constructed in 1940, it is one of the early works of the architect Oscar Niemeyer (1907–2012). The Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico (SPHAN), the precursor to the Brazilian National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage, designated the city of Ouro Preto as a historic site and domestic tourist destination. SPHAN, in consultation with the architect Lúcio Costa, commissioned the construction of a modern hotel in the city. Niemeyer's design was chosen over that of Carlos Leão (1906-1983).


School of Arts and Crafts of Toledo

The School of Arts and Crafts of Toledo (Spain) was built in the 19th century (around 1881) for the training of artists and craftsmen in the city of Toledo, constructed by Arturo Mélida y Alinari. The school was built around the same time as his restoration of the "San Juan de los Reyes" convent.
The school's architecture had influences from the nationalist sentiments in Europe in the 19th century. The impact of this sentiment to art and architecture can be seen in Mélida's work where he demonstrates his style of "gothic hispanoflaminco" considered at the time a national style.


Joyce Grove

Joyce Grove is a country house built in a Jacobethan style in Nettlebed, Oxfordshire, England. It is owned by Sue Ryder National Charity which operates its Nettlebed Palliative Care Facility at Joyce Grove at Nettlebed in Henley-On-Thames, Oxfordshire. Joyce Grove is located approximately west of London.
Completed in 1908, Joyce Grove is a large Jacobethan style building designed by Charles Edward Mallows (1864–1915) for Robert Fleming (1845–1933), founder of Robert Fleming and Co. merchant bank. Joyce Grove is listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England.
History.
As early as 1637 Joyce Grove, named for Cornet George Joyce, was sold to James Thompson of Wallingford.
By 1840, Joyce Grove was registered as a freehold estate of 33 acres belonging to John Toovey. London businessman H. H. Gardiner purchased Joyce Grove estate in 1894.
Joyce Grove estate, including a William and Mary style manor house dating from 1725, was incorporated into the main Nettlebed estate in 1895.
In 1903, Robert Fleming purchased the Nettlebed Estate which included 2000 acres, cottages, clayworks, and Joyce Grove estate with its manor house and land. Shortly after purchasing Joyce Grove, Robert Fleming tore down the older manor house and in its place he commissioned Charles Edward Mallows of Bedford and London to build a replacement. The main construction material was red brick with Bath stone dressings. The house was completed in 1908. The huge building and its grounds provided many jobs for residents of Nettlebed as gardeners, servants, and grooms.
On November 14, 1913 a fire damaged the roof and the mansion was rebuilt and enlarged.
Robert Fleming's grandson, Ian Fleming, author of the James Bond novels, spent much of his childhood at Joyce Grove.
At Robert Fleming's death in 1933, his son Philip Fleming inherited the entire Nettlebed estate including Joyce Grove. In 1937, Philip gave Joyce Grove to Peter Fleming, his nephew. The next year, Peter donated it to St Mary's Hospital, who used it as a convalescent home.
By the 1950s, St Mary's Hospital had partnered with Royal Berkshire Hospital to train nurses at Joyce Grove.
Sue Ryder Charity purchased Joyce Grove mansion and estate from St Mary's and opened Joyce Grove as the Nettlebed Palliative Care Hospice, in 1979.
In November 2011 Sue Ryder Charity announced that the hospice was for sale and that they intended to vacate the building in 2013 when palliative care was to be transferred to Townlands Community Hospital in Henley-on-Thames. However, the project was delayed due to the re-structure of the NHS, so the transfer of palliative services are now scheduled to take place in May 2016. In December 2014 Sue Ryder announced that they would no longer be moving to 'Townlands' and would continue providing care at Nettlebed Hospice.
Movie and television location.
Joyce Grove has been a filming location for British television shows, documentaries and one movie. Joyce Grove was Deverill Hall in the episode "Right Ho, Jeeves" from "Jeeves and Wooster", a 1992 TV series. Stock footage of Joyce Grove was used in the 2000 biographical documentary "Ian Fleming: 007's Creator". In the "Midsomer Murders" TV series, Joyce Grove was Bledlow Manor for the 2008 episode "Blood Wedding". Joyce Grove was shown as the exterior of Meadowbrook School for the 2009 TV series episode "Agatha Christie's Poirot: Cat Among the Pigeons". Filming of the documentary "The Real Casino Royale" was done at several locations including Joyce Grove. In the 2013 movie The Imitation Game, about World War II code breaker Alan Turing, Joyce Grove was used for exterior shots of Bletchley Park. It will feature in HBO's new UK-based fantasy/super hero show "The Nevers".


Cornelius Sullivan House

The Cornelius Sullivan House, in Hillsboro, New Mexico, was built in 1893. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
It is located on the southwest corner of the junction of Elenora and 1st Ave. in Hillsboro.
It is an adobe, one-story, L-shaped, New Mexico Vernacular house.


Congregation Beth Israel West Side Jewish Center

Congregation Beth Israel West Side Jewish Center is an Orthodox congregation located at 347 West 34th Street, Manhattan, New York, in the Garment District, near Penn Station. Established in 1890, it constructed its current building in 1924–1925. Rabbis have included Joseph Schick, Norman Lamm, and Solomon Kahane. , the rabbi was Jason Herman.
Early history.
Congregation Beth Israel West Side Jewish Center was established in 1890 by Orthodox German Jews and Jews from Austria-Hungary. In its early years the congregation worshiped at 252 West 35th Street, a building later purchased by St. Paul Baptist Church.
In 1905, the congregation constructed a new synagogue building at 252 West 35th Street, designed by architect John H. Knubel. Its sanctuary sat 600. In 1924, it broke ground for its current three-story building at 347 West 34th Street. The "somber" neoclassical building, designed by Gronenberg & Leuchtag, was completed in 1925.
Dr. Joseph Schick became rabbi in 1926. Born in Ónod in Austria-Hungary in 1892, he served as a chaplain in the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I, and was the rabbi of Budapest's Beth Israel synagogue of 1918 to 1922, then emigrated to the United States. His books "The Kaddish: Its Power for Good" and "Joseph's Harvest" were published in 1928 and 1932 respectively. He served until his death in 1938, at age 49.
Schick was succeeded in 1939 by Harry M. Katzen and then William Novack, and then in 1940 by Leo Ginsburg.
1950s to 2000.
In 1952, Norman Lamm, later president of Yeshiva University for over 25 years, was appointed to the role. He would serve until 1958, before moving to the (unrelated) Upper West Side Jewish Center.
Solomon (Shlomo) Kahane, ordained in 1954 at Yeshiva University, was subsequently rabbi of the congregation for 38 years and widely considered the synagogue’s most prominent Rabbi.He died in April, 2004. He was a first cousin of Rabbi Meir Kahane, the founder of the Jewish Defense League and the Israeli political party Kach. The Jewish Defense League's first meeting was held at the West Side Jewish Center on June 18, 1968.
Events since 2000.
Kahane was succeeded by Dr. Richard Weiss. A licensed physician, the married Weiss subsequently became rabbi of Young Israel of Hillcrest in Queens.
Jason Herman succeeded Weiss as the congregation's spiritual leader. Herman received a degree at Yeshivat Chovevei Torah. He was an associate of the International Rabbinic Fellowship and a fellow at Rabbis Without Borders. Known for his activism, he was one of 22 Rabbis arrested at the United Nations in 2007 after a protest demanding Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad be barred from speaking to the General Assembly. In 2008, he was one of a group of individuals who boycotted kosher meat from Agriprocessors over concerns that the company's practices were unethical.
The synagogue was in the news in 2007. The congregation rents the entire side of its building for advertisements and parking and that year it was covered with a huge billboard for the film "". The image did not offend any members, according to Herman, and the congregation who mainly found out after the fact, we’re convinced that the additional income generated by the billboard helpful for maintaining the building.
In 2015 the congregation began a multi-year process with architect Esther Sperber to explore options for renovating the synagogue building. At one point it considered a proposal to demolish the existing structure, and replace it with a large, multi-story multi-use synagogue and condominium. However, in 2016 Herman, and the congregation president, stated that the membership had "quite overwhelmingly rejected any plans for demolition of our current synagogue building and any plan we might pursue will preserve our existing synagogue structure". The president stated that congregation would instead probably renovate the existing structure so that it conformed with current building codes, and develop the synagogue-owned parking lot next to the building. A recent article written in the JTA detailed some of these plans as of 2019.
Herman discovered in 2017 that his name had been added to a "blacklist" of 160 rabbis whose credentials were rejected for the purposes of certifying to the Chief Rabbinate of Israel that individuals in Israel claiming to be Jewish were, in fact, Jewish. He surmised that it was because of a letter he had written in 2012 vouching for a non-Orthodox Jewish woman. Oddly, after a different married rabbi vouched for the individual, the Rabbinate allowed Herman to officiate at the wedding.


East Barsham Manor

East Barsham Manor is an important work of Tudor architecture, a leading and early example of a prodigy house, originally built in the 1520s. It is located in the village of East Barsham, about north of the town of Fakenham and south west of the village of Walsingham in the English county of Norfolk. It is protected as a Grade I listed building.
History.
The two-storey manor house was built for Sir Henry Fermor in the 1520s. It was visited many times by Henry VIII with Anne Boleyn and Catherine of Aragon, including using it as a base for visiting the nearby Walsingham shrine.
After the Fermors the house passed to the Calthorpes who had married into the Fermor family. Later it was owned by the L'Estranges c1720 and then the Astleys. During these years, the house barely changed. However, in the 18th century it fell into decline.
By the 19th century it was largely derelict, and was visited by lovers of romantic ruins. It was restored in the 1920s and 1930s. The house was owned for many years by Sir John Guinness, a former diplomat who also helped found the National Heritage Memorial Fund. He sold it after the death of his wife in 2014 for £2.75m to the artist and entrepreneur Roy Griffiths who is now also trying to sell the property.
Brickwork.
East Barsham is noteworthy for its ornate Tudor brickwork, and its cluster of 10 chimneys. Sir Henry built it not only with "a brick gatehouse, ribbed, turreted and emblazoned with his coat of arms, but a grand exuberance of chimneys, clustered together in double banks of five, each individual stack to a different design." "
It was built contemporaneously with Sutton Place, Surrey (1520s), also built in brick, to which it is comparable.
Architectural legacy.
The entrance front of Dalmeny House in Scotland, designed by William Wilkins in 1814, is based on the facade of East Barsham Manor.


Ferdinand Fellner

Ferdinand Fellner (19 April 1847 – 22 March 1916) was an Austrian architect.
Biography.
Fellner joined his ailing father's architecture firm at the age of nineteen. After his death he founded the architecture studio Fellner & Helmer together with Hermann Helmer in 1873.


Rim Drive

Rim Drive is a scenic highway in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, United States. It is a loop that follows the caldera rim around Crater Lake. Due to its unique engineering and the surrounding park landscape, the drive was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
History.
Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7,700 years ago when the high Mount Mazama collapsed following a large volcanic eruption. Over the following millennia the caldera filled with rain water forming today's lake.
In 1886, William Gladstone Steel accompanied a United States Geological Survey party led by Captain Clarence Dutton to survey Crater Lake. During the visit, Steel named many of the lake's landmarks including Wizard Island, Llao Rock, and Skell Head. The lake's natural beauty made a great impression on Steel. As a result, when he returned from the survey expedition, he began advocating that Crater Lake be established as a national park.
On 22 May 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the Nation's sixth national park. The United States Department of the Interior was charged with developing road access and visitor services for the park. This was a difficult job because of the park's remote location at the summit of the Cascade Mountains. By 1905, a "steep and tortuous" road to the crater rim had been completed. This access road was essential for the future development of the park.
In 1913, Congress appropriated funds for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to construct a road around Crater Lake. The initial road survey identified the northern end of Munson Valley, three miles (5 km) south of the rim, as the best site for the road crew's seasonal headquarters and supply depot. Not only was Munson Valley a central location, the surrounding area provided timber for constructing support facilities. However, World War I slowed down road construction.
The road around the lake was finally finished in 1919. In July of that year, the National Park Service assumed responsibility for maintaining the new loop road known as "Rim Road". The roadway was only wide and had other serious limitations including sections of road with grades as steep as ten percent. As a result, a major upgrade was needed soon after the original road was completed.
Construction.
The current Rim Drive is a loop built by the Bureau of Public Roads and the National Park Service with help from the Civilian Conservation Corps. The new road was designed to be wide with shoulders. The new route was surveyed and graded in 1931 and 1932. The road foundation was built up during the following two years. In 1935, the initial paving was completed, and the old roadbed that was not covered by the new road was dug up and the landscape restored. Lane striping was added in 1938. Work on the road drainage, stone masonry guardrails, and observation points continued until 1941. Despite the difficult topography the entire project was completed for two million dollars, a significant engineering accomplishment.
One of the main goals of the Rim Drive construction project was to blend the road into the natural environment. This was successfully accomplished. The road is built with gentle curves and there are no switchbacks despite the rugged terrain. Rustic stone guardrails were constructed along curves, at drainages, and at most of the Rim Drive viewpoints. While the observation points and turnouts provide views of the lake, the road itself cannot be seen from most of the observation points. Because of its unique history, engineering, stone masonry, associated hiking trails, and vistas of Crater Lake, Rim Drive was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 30 January 2008. In addition, the American Automobile Association has named Rim Drive as one of the "ten most beautiful roads in the United States".
Route.
Rim Drive is located high in the Cascade Mountains. At its lowest point, Rim Drive is above sea level. The road reaches almost at its highest point on top of Cloudcap. Rim Drive has eight main viewing areas with roadside parking. Four of these observation points (Pumice Point, Skell Head, Cloudcap, and Kerr Notch) are located just off the road. Short trails from parking areas lead to the other four observation points (Sinnott Memorial, Discovery Point, Watchman Lookout, and Merriam Point). In addition to the main viewing areas, there are 15 turnout vista points along the road.
Heading northwest from the Crater Lake National Park headquarters in the Munson Valley Historic District, it is three miles (5 km) to Crater Lake rim and the Rim Village visitor area which is also a historic district. The Sinnott Memorial overlook is located in Rim Village. Leaving Rim Village, the speed limit is reduced to . Visitors reach the Discovery Point viewing area in just over one mile (1.6 km). From there, it is five miles (8 km) to the junction with the "North Entrance Road". Between these two way points visitors pass over the West Rim Summit. The section of Rim Drive between Rim Village and the North Entrance Road is known as "West Rim Drive". This part of the road is used heavily during the summer because it is the direct route between the park's north and south entrances and passes by the Rim Village visitor area and the park headquarters at Munson Valley. It also offers classic views of Crater Lake and Wizard Island along the way.
Continuing north on Rim Drive past the North Entrance Road junction, visitors traverse the back side of Llao Rock. This is the beginning of "East Rim Drive". The next turnout for viewing the lake is approximately two miles beyond the North Entrance Road junction. Viewpoints along East Rim Drive are generally not crowded except at the Cleetwood Cover parking area which is at the north end of Crater Lake. Cleetwood Cove is the trailhead for the only hiking trail down into the crater. The National Park Service maintains a marina for boat tours at Cleetwood Cove.
Beyond Cleetwood Cove, on East Rim Drive there are a series of seven turnout-parking vista points. These turnouts retain almost all of their original stone masonry and have views of Crater Lake. The first of these view points is located above Grotto Cove, about halfway around the lake from Rim Village. The next viewing area is Skell Head, about a half mile from Grotto Cove. The next five vista points are spread over the approximately seven miles. These stops are Cloudcap, Cottage Rocks, Sentinel Point, Reflection Point, and Kerr Notch. Each site has views of the lake and surrounding landscape include Mount Scott.
Kerr Notch, located from Rim Village, is the last observation point on the Rim Drive loop with a view of the lake. After leaving Kerr Notch the road cuts across the east face of Dutton Ridge offering a view of the Klamath Basin from near the East Rim Summit. Rim Drive then descends to the Sun Notch trailhead where visitors can hike to another viewpoint overlooking the lake. Rim Drive continues along the outer edge of Sun Meadow to a parking area in front of Vidae Falls, a cascade. Vidae Falls has a picnic area and a trailhead to a cinder cone called Crater Peak.
The final two miles (3 km) of Rim Drive passes by the Castle Crest Wildflower Garden. The half mile long Castle Crest Nature Trail takes visitor through a wetland wildflower meadow. The wildflower display is at its peak in July and August. Rim Drive terminates a half mile from the Castle Crest parking area, at the Munson Valley Road junction near the park headquarters and visitor center.
Access.
Rim Drive has two access points. The south access begins at the park headquarters in the Munson Valley Historic District sixty miles north of Klamath Falls, Oregon. The road to Munson Valley is open year-around. However, snowfall in the park is heavy and winter storms make driving in the Crater Lake area unpredictable.
The park's north entrance is nine miles (14 km) north of the Rim Drive junction across an area known as the Pumice Desert. From the north entrance, it is to Bend, Oregon. The North Entrance Road is closed in the fall and does not re-open until the following summer.
In the Crater Lake area, winter lasts eight months with an average snowfall of 533 inches (1,354 cm) per year, and many snow banks remain well into the summer. While the park headquarters and visitor center at Munson Valley and the Rim Village cafeteria are open year-around, Rim Drive is only open during the summer due to the heavy snowfall. In most places, the road is covered by more than of snow with drifts as deep as in some areas. Sensors buried in the roadway help snow removal crews locate the center of the road under the accumulated snow.
During the summer, the National Park Service charges a $30 fee for private passenger vehicles entering the park. In non summer months the fee is $15 for private passenger vehicles. Commercial vehicles are charged between $25 and $200 depending on the vehicle's capacity.


Frampton Court

Frampton Court is a Grade I listed country house and estate of about in Frampton-on-Severn, Gloucestershire, England. It has been owned by the Clifford family since the 11th century. The main buildings are the 18th century Frampton Court and, on the opposite side of the village green, Manor Farm. The gardens at Frampton Court have a Gothic orangery and ornamental canal in the style of William Halfpenny. The two houses, barn and orangery are all Grade I listed buildings in their own right, while the Gatepiers and Gates are Grade II* listed.
History.
The main estate originated from a lease of land granted to William Clifford and his family in 1320. The Feudal barony of Clifford had previously had their seat at Clifford Castle in Herefordshire. A moat once surrounded the original estate, but was built over by John Clifford in 1651 when a new brick house was built. This was rebuilt in 1731 using Bath stone. The architect is not known but may have been John Strahan or Nathaniel Ireson. The gothic garden house and canal were added in the 1750s, when the dovecote may also have been built.
In 1893, the property was put on the market following the death of Henry James Clifford, and described as having ten bedrooms, four dressing rooms, and stabling for up to twelve horses. The Clifford family resumed ownership of the premises in the early 20th century.
Since the 1980s the grounds have been the location for the annual Frampton Country Fair.
Architecture.
The estate is centred on the two principal houses set either side of the Green: Frampton Court, a Palladian house of the early 1730s often attributed to the Bristol architect, John Strahan, and Manor Farmhouse, of the mid-15th century with a contemporary wool barn that was restored by the Cliffords.
The primary building, Frampton Court, is stone built with the symmetrical front of the building having a central pediment with four ionic pilasters. to each side are smaller wings each of which has a chimney stack with an arched opening containing bells. Frampton Court has Jacobean panelled rooms with tiled fireplaces. It holds a collection of 18th century furniture and china. There are also a collection of Victorian watercolours known as the Frampton Flora. These representations of local wild flowers were painted by various members of the Clifford Family in the 19th century.
To the northeast of the main house is Gothic garden house, which is also known as the orangery, which was built in the mid 18th century. It consists of three octagonal towers, the largest of which has a small cupola. They are joined by single bay which has the front door. In front of the building is an ornamental canal, which is long and wide. The canal may be the remains of the moat around the earlier house. The building was repaired in the 20th century when the effects of an earlier fire were uncovered.
Within the grounds of Frampton Court close to the entrance from the green is an octagonal dovecote dating from the mid 18th century. There is also a granary and store at Manor Farm with a dovecote lantern on the roof.
Manor Farm was built, on the site of an earlier house, in the 15th century and added to in subsequent centuries. It has a courtyard plan with the service wings forming a "U" shape around the courtyard. The timber framing of the building is visible from inside and outside. The interior contains several stone fireplaces, one of which may have been brought into the house from elsewhere. The attached barn may have originally been built as a wool store. The timber framed building was constructed in the 15th century. The seven bay barn has a flagstone floor and an arch braced roof.
Gardens and parkland.
The gardens and surrounding parkland are Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.
Earlier gardens were replaced around 1806 from which the walled garden and yew hedges survive. The earlier garden included a parterre and kitchen garden. The current park is approximately by and is mostly grass with trees. South east of the house are lakes which were developed from earlier gravel pits. Surrounding the grounds are stone walls with ornate symmetrical gates and gatepiers.
References.
Citations
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Miller Tavern

The Miller Tavern is a restaurant located in a historic building at 3885 Yonge Street in Toronto, Ontario. Originally called the York Mills Hotel and later named The Jolly Miller, the building dates from the 1850s.
History.
Early in the 19th century, a tavern keeper here named Vallière was offering food and shelter to soldiers returning from the battle area during the War of 1812. His was one of many taverns that for years lined what was little more than a muddy trail leading north from the Town of York. In fact, Yonge Street boasted more taverns than any other road in the province. There were drinking establishments, on one side or another, every half-mile between Toronto and Lake Simcoe.
The York Mills Hotel, known today as the Miller Tavern, was a hotel built circa 1857 to replace an earlier establishment which was destroyed by fire. The new hotel was constructed by John and William Hogg, who had developed the Hoggs Hollow subdivision on their York Mills property in 1856. A barn to house horses was located on the north side of the building. The York Mills Hotel was a focal point for the mill village, and a stopping place for the mail stage and omnibus between Toronto and Richmond Hill.
During Prohibition in the 20th century, the building housed a gambling den that was eventually closed down following several police raids. In 1930, the old hotel was remodelled with the intent of creating a prestigious dining establishment. It was renamed The Jolly Miller after a local mill owner. The sign board depicting a Jolly Miller was painted by noted Canadian artist Charles William Jefferys.
In more recent times, the building continued to function as a hotel and tavern, offering accommodation until about 1964. A skating rink (York Mills Skating Rink) was built on the flats behind the building, with a change room provided in the neighbouring two-storey Hogg General Store (a brick building destroyed by fire in 1978). The hotel was later renovated and turned into a seafood restaurant, and it was renamed with the current name.
Architecture.
The building evokes the Georgian Revival style of many 19th-century buildings in Ontario. Constructed of red brick, laid in a common bond pattern, it measures 2½ storeys high and is based on a rectangular plan. It features a high-pitched gabled roof with boxed eaves. Generous amounts of wall space in relation to the size of the windows can be noted on most elevations. Elements such as the plinth, belt courses, quoins, jack arches and ornate pendant frieze (east elevation) are highlighted in buff-coloured brick. The south wall is intact, as are the north, east and west walls above the ground floor level. The historic portion of the building has a rubblestone foundation that provides a basement under the west half of the building.
The symmetrical, 5-ranked front facade has a steep, centred cross-gable, containing a 6-over-6 sash window. The four corbelled chimneys at the gable-ends are restored versions of the originals. At one time, a hip-roofed veranda supported by several posts spanned across the entire front elevation.
The much-altered interior originally had a centre-hall plan. Vestiges of two fireplaces are thought to remain within broad projections on the south wall. Original interior elements of the building that also remain intact include mouldings, trims and doors located in the attic storey.


Hill Hall (Essex)

Hill Hall is an Elizabethan mansion located in Theydon Mount near Epping, Essex, England. Although owned by English Heritage, the building consists of many private apartments. It is a grade I listed building.
The importance of Hill Hall lies in two features. Firstly, it has some of the earliest classical decoration on any surviving building in Britain - the tiers of columns and friezes on the courtyard walls and the use of 'giant' column (that is, rising through two storeys) on the exterior facades. Secondly, the 1969 fire destroyed most of the interiors but not, miraculously, a series of wall paintings on the first floor completed more or less when the house was built in the late 16th century. There are an unusual survival of classically inspired mural paintings.
History.
The house was originally built for Sir Thomas Smith during the reign of Elizabeth I to replace a 12th-century house on the same site. Construction was carried out over several intervals (1567-8, 1572-3) interspersed between Smith's stints as ambassador to France. The hall stands in 50 hectares (120 acres) of parkland designed by Humphrey Repton.
The Smith, later Bowyer-Smyth, family remained in occupation until the mid 19th century.
Hill Hall subsequently became a prisoner of war camp during World War 2. Pregnant women from the east end of London were also evacuated from London during the early part of World Ward II and babies were also born there. Later, Hill Hall became a women's prison until a fire in 1969. It has since become part of the Heritage Trust. Limited tours are available to see the internal period wall paintings described by Croft-Murray of the British Museum as the most important survival of Elizabethan decorative figure painting in England.
According to local legend, Hill Hall was once the site of a duel between seven brothers, for the hand of a beautiful girl. Every brother was killed. It is also allegedly the haunt of a phantom black dog.


Roseau Cathedral

The Cathedral of Our Lady of Fair Haven of Roseau, originally known in French as , is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Roseau, the capital city of Dominica in the Caribbean. The church is the see of the Diocese of Dominica, suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Castries, Saint Lucia.
The cathedral is an example of European creolisation influence in Dominica. Built in the Gothic Romanesque revival style, the Cathedral's consecration, in its present form, is dated to 1916. Though it may appear small from the outside, the interior is spacious and well lit.
Etymology.
While Kalinago people originally called the region "Sairi", French woodcutters named the city Roseau, in the 18th century. "Roseau" () is the name of the river, the town, and the cathedral. The cathedral, originally called in French "", is popularly known as "Our Lady of Fair Haven". It was also known at one time as "Our Lady of Bon Port".
Geography.
The location of the cathedral is in the southern part of the town of Roseau on the banks of the Roseau River, which assures a good water supply. The availability of a large plane of land on the south river bank also dictated the cathedral's location. The cathedral is located to the north of the Fort Young Hotel and northeast of the Dominica Museum.
History.
The church at Roseau was initially a small wood hut with a thatched roof made of locally available reed. Carib people built the cathedral in the local building tradition.
In 1727, the plot of land was first surveyed for building. Three years later, in 1730, Father Guillaume Martel established a permanent church. He planned and built a by church made of solid wood (timber-framed) and stone flooring, to meet the growing congregational needs of settlers who had come from France and occupied territory on the south coast of the island nation.
In April 1796, Agostino Brunias was buried in the Catholic cemetery, located at the site of the church.
This church survived until 1816 when it was destroyed by hurricane. The present church, which was built 24 years later, located at the same site, was also found to be inadequate to meet the growing needs of church goers. This was a result of the abolition of slavery and permitting former slaves to attend church services. Black and white people sat together to worship in the pews without discrimination. The expansion program which began took almost 100 years to complete to its present form. The additions to the cathedral started with a steeple built in 1855, followed by a wooden ceiling for the cathedral in 1865 by the Kalinagos who cut and brought simaruba trees from the northeast of Roseau; it took them three months to build the wooden ceiling. During this period, a large stone pulpit was also erected. This stone pulpit was carved by prisoners who were kept in Devil's Island (located off the coast of French Guiana). In the year 1873, at the southeast end, the Chapel of St. Joseph came to be established along with a crypt where bishops and priests could be buried. In 1853, the town and the parish had a population of 6000 Catholics. As the Catholic Ministry did not support the building activity, the Catholic community carried stones to the site to build the church. A hurricane in 1863 caused substantial damage to the cathedral, which necessitated raising funds not only for its restoration, but also for many other churches on the island, which also had been destroyed by the hurricane. Funds were raised by imposing a levy on the French planters.
Following this, refurbishing started with stained-glass windows being added to the church, and the addition of new stone pillars in 1902. The steeple was added on the western end, which was built with stones brought from the old church at Point Michael, then demolished. Building this part of the church brought symmetry to the cathedral’s façade. Mention is also made that the cathedral's spire was completed in 1916. The cathedral was formally consecrated in 1925 by Bishop James Morris. After 1925, only minor additions in the form of electrical connections, a public address system and a clock have been made.
Architecture and fittings.
The cathedral is on Virgin Lane west of the Methodist Church. It is a stone edifice with an expansive interior. The Gothic Romanesque Revival style building is constructed of volcanic rock, both inside and out, and is built to withstand earthquakes. The bell tower is stubby with a giant clock. The windows are Gothic with stained glass in the upper section and aligned wooden shutters in the lower sections, to provide good ventilation. One of the stained glass windows is dedicated to Christopher Columbus. The building is well maintained.
The interior of the cathedral is finely carved and has Victorian pews. There are ornate Victorian murals behind the side altars, painted by the local artists. The east and west walls have windows from the entrance to the altar. The organ in the cathedral was installed in January 1883.


Gothenburg City Theatre

Gothenburg City Theatre () opened in 1934 at Götaplatsen square in Gothenburg, Sweden. The theatre was designed by Swedish architect Carl Bergsten who gave the exterior a Neo-Classical look with a touch of Streamline Moderne. The critics thought it to be a too old-fashioned building – the International Style had had a big breakthrough some years before at the 1930 Stockholm Exhibition. But the interiors of the building pleased the reviewers who thought the auditorium to be "intimate" and “democratic”. The theatre went through a major renovation some years ago and the auditorium was equipped with new technology and with new seats.
The big stage has a capacity of 600 people; there is also a smaller stage called the Studio.
Many of Sweden's big theatre profiles have passed the gates of the theatre: Gösta Ekman (senior) and Ingmar Bergman, just to mention two of them. And during the Second World War Torsten Hammarén made the theatre famous for its anti-Nazi productions. The current leader of the theatre is Anna Takanen and before that it was run by Bosnian-Swedish director Jasenko Selimovic, who during a ten-year period managed to please both audience and theatre critics.


Towers Cinema

Towers Cinema was a former cinema in Hornchurch, England. It was built in 1935 on part of the former Grey Towers estate and was noted for its Art Deco style of architecture. From 1973 it was used as a bingo hall until it closed in 2015. Despite the efforts of a local campaign to preserve the structure and to have it listed by Historic England, the building was demolished to make way for a Lidl supermarket.
History.
The Towers Cinema was built on part of the former Grey Towers estate, a stately home which was demolished in 1931. During World War I, the estate had been requisitioned by the Army Council for use as a military hospital and army camp. Soldiers from Grey Towers set up a cinema on station lane, which later became the Queen's Theatre. A new Cinema, named "The Towers" after the old mansion house, was built on the southern boundary of the Grey Towers estate, at the west end of Hornchurch High Street.
The cinema was commissioned by David J. James, a brewing industrialist turned cinema impresario, for his D.J. James Cinema Circuit. It was designed by Leslie Hagger Kemp (1899–1997) and Frederick Edward Tasker, of the Kemp & Tasker partnership, which designed new and renovated existing cinemas for James' independent chain. Opening its doors on 3 August 1935, it provided facilities including an auditorium to seat 1799 patrons; a shallow stage with dressing rooms; a café-ballroom on the first floor that could seat 200; a cosmetics saloon for use by ladies; and an ample car park. The ornate interior of the cinema, including the auditorium, was designed by the firm Clark & Fenn. The opening programme was a double-bill screening of "The Phantom Light" starring Binnie Hale and "Vagabond Lady" starring Robert Young.
In March 1937 James sold his chain of cinemas for a considerable sum to Eastern Cinemas (GCF) Ltd which were then taken over by the Odeon chain in 1943. The characteristic neon ODEON signage was then applied covering the word "Towers" (which is cut into the fabric of the building but later restored in 2010).
The cinema closed on 6 October 1973, with a screening of the James Bond film "Live and Let Die" as the final show. The building was converted into a Top Rank bingo hall (later Mecca Bingo) later in 1973, and it remained in use as a bingo hall until the facility closed in 2015.
Architecture.
When the cinema was converted into a bingo hall, many alterations to the foyer and lower auditorium were made.
The café-ballroom was divided into smaller offices by the installation of dividing walls and a false ceiling which covered a highly ornate coffered ceiling. Many other original features still remained, including the wall and ceiling decoration and the private boxes in the main auditorium.
The architects' firm Kemp & Tasker designed a number of Art Deco cinemas in the south of England, among them the Odeon Cinemas in Romford and Stepney. Their Odeon Cinema building in St Albans, Hertfordshire was restored and re-opened in 2015. Leslie Hagger Kemp designed the former Union Cinema in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, built in 1936–37 which has achieved Grade II listed status; he was associated with the Regal in Camberwell built in 1938–39 also listed at Grade II. Apart from cinemas, Kemp and Tasker won the "Daily Mail" 'Ideal House' competition in 1934 (at the same time they were working on The Towers Building).
Preservation campaign.
The building was sold in 2015 to the retail chain Lidl and was to be demolished to be replaced by a supermarket. Following a campaign to save the building, Havering London Borough Council temporarily protected it in 2015 so Historic England could assess its heritage value. Demolition was opposed by the heritage charity, the Twentieth Century Society.
An approach was made by the Everyman Cinemas chain to purchase the building, but submitted their offer too late. In August 2016, Havering Council approved the scheme to demolish the Towers Cinema, and Lidl announced a plan to retain the “Towers” concrete lettering and to create a public art installation at street level.
Demolition.
The former Towers Cinema building was demolished in April 2017 to permit construction of a new supermarket on the site. The Hornchurch branch of Lidl opened for trade on 15 March 2018.


Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto

Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria di Montesanto are two churches in Rome.
They are located on the Piazza del Popolo, facing the northern gate of the Aurelian Walls, at the entrance of Via del Corso on the square. The churches are often cited as "twin", due to their similar external appearance: they have indeed some differences, in both plan and exterior details.
Looking from the square, the two churches define the so-called "trident" of streets departing from Piazza del Popolo: starting from the left, Via del Babuino, Via del Corso and Via di Ripetta. The first two are separated by Santa Maria in Montesanto, the latter by Santa Maria dei Miracoli.
The origin of the two churches traces back to the 17th-century restoration of what was the main entrance to the Middle Ages and Renaissance Rome, from the Via Flaminia (known as "Via Lata" and "Via del Corso" in its urban trait). Pope Alexander VII commissioned the monumental design of the entrance of Via del Corso to architect Carlo Rainaldi. This included two churches with central plans, but the different shapes of the two areas available forced deep modifications to the projects.
Both were financed by cardinal Girolamo Gastaldi, whose crest is present in the two churches.
Santa Maria in Montesanto.
Santa Maria in Montesanto, erected over a church with the same name that lay at the beginning of Via del Babuino, was occupied by Carmelite monks. The name Montesanto (Holy Mountain) referred to Mount Carmel in Israel. The construction of the present church was begun on July 15, 1662, under the patronage of Cardinal Girolamo Gastaldi, and finished in 1675, with other additions by 1679. Originally designed by Carlo Rainaldi, the plans were revised by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and ultimately completed by Carlo Fontana. A belfry was added in the 18th century. The statues of saints on the exterior have been attributed to Bernini's design. The interior has an elliptical plan, with a dodecagonal cupola. In 1825, the church was made a minor basilica.
On August 10, 1904, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, the future Pope John XXIII, was ordained to the priesthood by Patriarch Giuseppe Ceppetelli in this church.
In 1953, Monsignor Ennio Francia established the tradition of the Mass of the Artists. On the last Sunday of October till June 29, a mass is held every Sunday with a reading by an artist, and animated by music. At the end of the mass, a prayer for
the artists is read. For these reasons the Montesanto church is also called the "Church of the Artists".
Interior decoration.
The first chapel to the left is the cappella di Santa Lucia ("Saint Lucy"). The second chapel is dedicated to Santa Maria Magdalena de Pazzi, designed by Carlo Rainaldi to honor the Carmelite nun canonized by Pope Clemente XI in 1669. The ceiling and the altarpiece of the "Miracle of the saint" (c. 1685) was painted by Ludovico Gimignani.
The third chapel is the "cappella Montioni". The Monitoni family commissioned the design by Tommaso Mattei, pupil of Carlo Fontana. The altarpiece of the "Madonna with Child and Saints Francis and Jacob" (c. 1687) was completed by Carlo Maratta. The "Assumption" fresco was painted by Giuseppe Chiari. Upon the altar is a modern statue of the "Angel for the artists" by Guelfo (1937–1997). At one time, the sacristy held frescoes by Baciccia.
The presbytery is stuccoed with angels by Filippo Carcani and houses the miraculous 15th-century altarpiece of "Virgin of Montesanto", which tradition holds was painted by an 11-year-old girl. The sacristy has a frescoed vault with angels and the instruments of passion, the altarpiece of the "Deposition "(c. 1600) is attributed to Biagio Puccini.
Santa Maria dei Miracoli.
Santa Maria dei Miracoli was begun in 1675 and finished in 1681. With a circular plan, it has an elegant 18th-century bell tower by Girolamo Theodoli and an octagonal cupola. The interior has a rich stucco decoration by Antonio Raggi, Bernini's pupil. The monuments for Cardinals Benedetto and Gastaldi were designed by Carlo Fontana, who also provided design for the cupola and the lamp. The busts in bronze were completed by Girolamo Lucenti.
At the high altar is the miraculous image of the Virgin which has given the church its name. The first chapel on the right-hand side has an altar dedicated to Our Lady of Bétharram, named after a shrine near Lourdes. The Society of Priests of the Sacred Heart was founded at Bétharram. There is a reproduction of Renoir's Madonna at Bétharram.


Transportation Building (Ottawa)

The Transportation Building, 10 Rideau Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada is a historic Gothic revival/Chicago school office tower. The building stands at the intersection of Sussex Drive and Rideau Street.
It was designed by architect John Albert Ewart built by C. Jackson Booth, son of lumber baron J.R. Booth in 1916. It was across the street from Union Station, now the Senate of Canada Building, and was thus named the Transportation Building.
When Ottawa's second city hall was destroyed in a fire in 1931 the building became Ottawa's temporary city hall. Originally the city only occupied part of the building, but eventually it took over the entire structure. The city left for a new city hall on Green Island in 1958.
In 1965 it was expropriated by the federal government and became home of federal workers.
The bottom levels of the structure are today integrated into the Rideau Centre.


Warringah Shire Hall

The Warringah Shire Hall was an Australian municipal town hall located on Pittwater Road opposite Robert Street in Brookvale, a suburb of the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales. Initially built in 1910 as a Federation bungalow, the complex was expanded with the addition of "Shire Hall" in 1912, the final form was completed in 1923 with the addition of a second floor to a design by Trenchard Smith and Maisey. The Shire Hall was the seat of Warringah Council from 1910 to 1973, when the council moved to a new purpose-built Civic Centre on further down Pittwater Road in Dee Why. The Shire Hall survived amid uncertainty over its future but was eventually sold and demolished in 1978.
History.
Council Chambers, 1910–1923.
When Warringah Shire Council was formed in 1906, the Council first met in the Narrabeen Progress Hall on 14 June 1906, before moving to Brookvale. From March 1907 the Council leased "Smith's Hall" (later to be known as "Empire Hall") in West Street, Brookvale from Mr W. Smith to act as their council chambers. On 26 February 1910, a more permanent chambers was built on Pittwater Road, facing the land that would soon become Brookvale Oval. The opening was conducted by Shire President Alexander Ralston and was attended by Dr. Richard Arthur, Member for Middle Harbour. This first Council Chambers was a small Federation Bungalow style building which served both as council offices and the Shire Clerk's residence.
First Shire Hall, 1912–1923.
In July 1912 the council commissioned architect James Campbell to design and build a larger Shire Hall, also in the Federation style, next to the council chambers building for the sum of £945. On 16 November 1912 the Shire Hall was officially opened by Shire President William Hews, with speeches on the occasion from Sir Granville Ryrie (Federal Member for Warringah), Dr. Richard Arthur MLA and Alderman Ellison Quirk.
Second Shire Hall, 1923–1978.
In 1923, the council commissioned the construction of a new Shire Hall to remodel the previous hall in a more modern style. The new Shire Hall was designed by Manly architects Frederick Trenchard Smith and Samuel Maisey (of the firm Trenchard Smith & Maisey) in an Inter-war Stripped Classical style with a much more imposing two-storey facade along Pittwater Road. Local builder H. E. Jackson was contracted for the construction of the new Shire Hall. One notable feature of the new Shire Hall facade was the inclusion of two concrete Doric-style fluted columns. The alterations, which were completed in 1926, were also notable in that it was one of the last construction projects in the greater Sydney area to use shell lime mortar.
The revival design was very similar to Trenchard Smith & Maisey's later work in designing the new Manly Town Hall (1937). In 1928 Trenchard Smith & Maisey were again contracted to design and build various extensions and additions to the existing Shire Hall, including the council public office next door. On 1 September 1951, the Mackellar County Council was established, consisting of three representatives from Warringah Shire and three from Manly Municipality, and its technical offices were located in this new extension on Pittwater road.
Later history.
By the late 1960s, council had recognised the inefficiencies of the Shire Hall and that it was far too small for the needs of the growing council and debate continued on the initiation of a new civic centre for the council. In December 1968, the Shire President Colin Huntingdon noted that "A new Shire Hall is so overdue it isn't funny. The staff are working in rabbit warrens which doesn't help efficiency."
Brookvale remained the administrative centre for Warringah until 1971 when the council resolved to commence the construction of a new Civic Centre in Dee Why. When the council eventually moved to the Civic Centre in 1973, the Shire Hall in Brookvale was threatened with demolition in the mid-1970s. Despite some calls for the historic hall to be saved and be used as a community centre, their efforts were to no avail and the hall was demolished in late 1978.


Gardiner Street

Gardiner Street () is a long Georgian street in Dublin, Ireland laid out in the 1790s by Luke Gardiner, 1st Viscount Mountjoy the son of Charles Gardiner and grandson of Luke Gardiner. It stretches from the River Liffey at its southern end via Mountjoy Square to Dorset Street at its northern end. The Custom House terminates the vista at the southern end, and the street is divided into Gardiner Street Upper (north end), Gardiner Street Middle and Gardiner Street Lower (south end).
History.
Named for Luke Gardiner, the thoroughfare is called Old Rope Walk on John Rocque's 1756 Dublin map. Gardiner Street was intended to be Dublin's largest, widest, longest and grandest street. However, owing to the Acts of Union in 1801, the economic depression that Dublin experienced and the associated drastic fall in demand for city townhouses, the street was never fully completed to its intended grandeur and scale.
Lower Gardiner Street South leads from Mountjoy Square to the Georgian Custom House overlooking the river Liffey. Several hostels are on this part of the street as well as Trinity Church. The DART line crosses near the intersection with Beresford Place behind the Custom House; this end is only a few minutes walk from Connolly station, and around the corner from Lower Gardiner Street is the Luas red line stop at Busáras. There is heavy road traffic on Lower Gardiner Street as it is also part of Dublin City Council's Inner Orbital Route with traffic creating a bottleneck as it comes down Gardiner Street as well as filtering in from Talbot Street at this point.
Middle and Upper Gardiner Street are separated from the lower street by the west side of Mountjoy Square. On Upper Gardiner Street is located Saint Francis Xavier Church, a notable stone Classical building dating from 1829 and with a connection to the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins, Blessed John Sullivan SJ, is interred in the church. Gardiner Street has another notable poetic connection by way of featuring in Patrick Kavanagh's poem "Memory of My Father".
The core part of the street was commenced in 1792 and finished around 1820. Gardiner's grand vision was to see a crescent built where the Mater Hospital now stands while the other end would culminate with a view of The Custom House.
Georgian terraces still remain largely intact at the lower end of Lower Gardiner Street approaching the Custom House, at Mountjoy Square and in surrounding streets however large tracts of the street between Mountjoy Square and Railway Street were controversially demolished in the 1970s and 1980s to make way for social housing and an IDA campus on the corner of Summerhill. A new park called Diamond Park near was also built where the street meets Seán MacDermott Street. In the 2010s the IDA campus was replaced with student accommodation.
Historic former residents.
Playwright, producer and actor Dion Boucicault (1820–1890) lived in number 47 Lower Gardiner Street. Boucicault was involved with over 150 plays, and is best known for "The Shaughraun", other works include: “Napoleon’s Old Guard”, “A Legend of the Devil’s Dyke”, “London Assurance”, and “The Colleen Bawn”. His mother was a relative of the first Arthur Guinness. Both Seán O'Casey (see also Mountjoy Square) and John Millington Synge acknowledged him as being a major influence on their dramatic works.
Number 41 Gardiner Street Upper was home of Joe McGuinness, elected as a Sinn Féin TD for Longford South to the first Dáil in 1918 while in Lewes Gaol, under the slogan of “Vote him in to get him out”. During the Easter Rising in 1916 McGuinness was also involved in commandeering the Four Courts for the volunteers.


Otaniemi water tower

The Otaniemi water tower is a structure designed by the well-known Finnish architect Alvar Aalto in 1971. The water tower is located in Otaniemi area, Espoo, Finland. The total capacity of the tower is 6000 m³.


Cremorne Girls High School

Cremorne Girls High School, (abbreviation CGHS) is a former high school located on Murdoch Street in the Sydney suburb of Cremorne, New South Wales, Australia. It was a girls high school operated by the New South Wales Department of Education with students from years 7 to 12. The school was first established in 1927 as Neutral Bay Girls Intermediate High School. However, due to declining enrolments the school was declared surplus to the needs of the department and officially closed in 1987. The school and its heritage-listed buildings are now a satellite campus of Redlands.
History.
The school was first established in 1927 as Neutral Bay Girls Intermediate High School, but traced its history back to the establishment of the Neutral Bay Public School in 1886. However, within a few years, the buildings on the site on Murdoch Street, Cremorne, were considered to be inadequate. The foundation stone of the new main building was laid by Minister for Education David Drummond on 6 October 1934 in the presence of the Mayor of North Sydney, Ald. Hodgson, who noted that the "new building had been long needed, as the conditions for staff and scholars at the old school were deplorable." A year later the buildings, which contained seven classrooms, an assembly hall, science room, preparation room, and staff rooms erected at a cost of £8079, were completed and were opened by the local Member for Neutral Bay, Reginald Weaver, on 6 July 1935. In January 1941 the school was upgraded in status and became known as Neutral Bay Girls Junior High School, which continued until April 1952 when the school was renamed as Cremorne Girls High School.
Closure.
Enrolments had been declining at the school since 1947 and by 1985 enrolments stood at 380. As a consequence, the Minister for Education Rodney Cavalier, made an announcement on 1 July 1985 that the school was economically and educationally unviable and would be closed (alongside Ryde and Wilkins high schools) by 1987, with no year 7 intake for 1986 and the remaining students transferred to Mosman High School or Willoughby Girls High School. As a result, a concerted campaign was started by the students and staff of the school with the local community to save the school: over 300 girls marches across the Harbour Bridge on 21 August in protest, a small delegation later met with the minister and a community organisation was formed, known as the 'Save Cremorne Action Committee'. These efforts were ultimately unsuccessful and during the lead up to the closure in mid-1987, the final Principal of the school, Ruth Readford, noted that "There are too few students in this part of the metropolis. Or, to put it another way, there are too many schools, both State and Private."
Despite various calls to keep the school site in public hands, by 1989 the Minister for Administrative Services, Robert Webster, put the site up for sale by public tender. The site was subsequently purchased by SCEGGS Redlands to be transformed into their new senior campus. On 2 August 2013, the 1934 Inter-war Neo-Georgian style main building of the former Cremorne Girls High School was given heritage listing in the North Sydney Local Environment Plan.


The Lenru

The Lenru is a co-operative apartment building in the Norwood neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City.
The Lenru, (named after its original owner and his sister, Lenny and Ruth Kandell), was built in 1928 in the Jacobethan Revival style, which combined Tudor Revival and Gothic Revival or Elizabethan accents and was earmarked for restoration by the Mosholu Preservation Corporation in the late 1980s, becoming the corporation’s first rehabilitation project. It sold to the Lenru Apartment Corporation to complete its conversion into a co-op in 1991.
The structure stands across from the Williamsbridge Oval Park, the former site of the old Williamsbridge Reservoir. It contains 104 units and has 6 stories.


Yelagin Palace

Yelagin Palace (Елагин дворец; also "Yelaginsky" or "Yelaginoostrovsky Dvorets") is a Palladian villa on Yelagin Island in Saint Petersburg, which served as a royal summer palace during the reign of Alexander I. The villa was designed for Alexander's mother, Maria Fyodorovna, by the architect Carlo Rossi. It was constructed in 1822 on the site of an earlier mansion built during the rule of Catherine the Great. The house was destroyed during World War II but was rebuilt and currently houses a museum.
The isle to the north of the imperial Russian capital owes its name to its former proprietor, Ivan Yelagin (1725–94), a close ally of Catherine II from her early days as Grand Duchess. The first villa on the site might have been designed by Giacomo Quarenghi. Yelagin was fascinated with the idea of extracting gold from ordinary materials and retreated to the villa for his secretive research in alchemy. Count Cagliostro was summoned by Yelagin to help him in these activities, but fled the island after Yelagin's secretary slapped him in the face.
After the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna declared that she was too old to make daily trips to such distant residences as Pavlovsk Palace and Gatchina Palace, her son Alexander I bought the estate from Yelagin's heirs and asked Carlo Rossi to redesign the villa. Its lavish Neoclassical interiors were decorated by Giovanni Battista Scotti, Vasily Demuth-Malinovsky, and Stepan Pimenov.
After Maria Feodorovna's death, the palace remained deserted for long periods of time. In June 1908 Stolypin lived in a wing of the Yelagin Palace; in July 1914 also the Council of Ministers under Ivan Goremykin convened there. The Bolsheviks turned the palace compound into "a museum to the old way of life". In the siege of Leningrad it was damaged by a shell and burnt to the ground.
The house was rebuilt in the 1950s to serve as a resort for workers. Since 1987 it has housed a collection of objets d'art from the 18th and 19th centuries, notably precious glassware. The entrance is guarded by two lion sculptures, inspired by the "Medici lions" in Florence.


Real Colegio de Doncellas Nobles

The Colegio de Doncellas Nobles is a former girls' school in Toledo (Castile-La Mancha, Spain). It was founded in 1551 by the archbishop of Toledo and cardinal Juan Martínez Silíceo.
The project, which had as its patron the king Philip II as well as the archbishop, had as its object the education of young women to be good mothers. Some came from humble families (proposed by the archbishop) and others from noble families from all over Europe (proposed by the king). They were expected to be of "clean blood". Funding was provided for the dowries of former pupils.
The College encountered financial problems after some of its endowments were confiscated in the 19th century, but it expanded around 1900. In 1990 it became a University Residence. The building is included in the list of Royal Sites of the Spanish heritage organisation Patrimonio Nacional.
Buildings.
To provide accommodation for his new College the Archbishop acquired houses from Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y de la Cerda, prince Mélito. In the 17th century the building underwent restorations, and at the end of the 18th century new works were realized, paid for by the cardinal Lorenzana and directed by Ventura Rodríguez, who respected the original characteristics of the construction of the 16th century: a structure organized around a narrow courtyard with granite columns, two elongated rooms, located on the opposite sides of the courtyard, and wide stairs to the upper floor.
When the College needed to expand its construction, being then its director Luis Fernández de Lara, it was thought in a plot near property of the College, where existed two old houses. Communicated with the existing building and in this plot is built, between 1900 and 1903, a building designed by the architect Santiago Castellanos.
Description.
It is a building of square plant with chamfered corners, rear garden and interior courtyard. In some of its points it has four plants.
The whole building rests on a basement of granite stone that serves as base to the brick canvases. The exterior spans retain a symmetrical composition and are repeated with some equidistance and rhythm. These are lined and protected by bars. Among them are the multiple geometric combinations of the bricks, which become the basis of the decoration. Horizontal lines composed of decorated ceramic tiles are introduced.
The building has in its treatments a Neo-Mudéjar historicist character. Constructively it is realized with metallic structure, which becomes evident in singular elements, like the elevated passage that communicates the primitive building with this enlargement, where the roblonada structure is evidenced. These solutions also stand out in the covered galleries of the inner courtyard.
The main facade, oriented at noon, has two front doors, one entrance to the college and the other that gives way to the church. The first is of Doric order, in ashlar, with royal shield, and another with the arms of the founder. The second has two bodies: the lower one, with a half-point span framed by four pilasters in Doric order, and on which is seen a shield with arms of the Cardinal Silíceo. Both portals are Baroque classicists.
In the place of the old main hall, there is now the church-chapel of the college. It consists of a nave covered by a barrel vaulted ceiling with lunettes, cruise on pendentives and flat plateau. It has a main altarpiece with canvas of the Virgin of the Remedies, titular of the College. To the sides of the nave Baroque altarpieces, with the virgin Virgen del Pozo and Saint Jerome. At the foot of the church is the choir of chaplains and in the upper floor, guarded with grating, the choir of schoolgirls, with vault of edges.
Access.
Since 2016 it is open to sightseeing, thanks to an agreement between Patrimonio Nacional and the Archbishopric of Toledo.
Visits are managed by the Archbishopric.


Shadow Mountain Lookout

The Shadow Mountain Lookout, also known as the Shadow Mountain Patrol Cabin, was built in Rocky Mountain National Park in 1932, to the design of the National Park Service San Francisco Landscape Architecture Division. It was regarded as one of the best National Park Service Rustic buildings in the national park system. It is now the only fire lookout surviving in Rocky Mountain National Park. Three other lookouts, now gone, were located at Twin Sisters Peak, the north fork of the Thompson River and near Long's Peak. The lookout was built by Civilian Conservation Corps labor.
Situated at an elevation of 9923 feet, the lookout is a three-story structure, with the first two stories in stone masonry, appearing to grow from a rock outcropping. The frame third story is topped by a pyramidal roof. The structure is near the summit of Shadow Mountain, looking over Grand Lake. The first floor has been used for visitor contact, while the second floor has been used as employee accommodation, usually for a married couple who would keep watch and deal with the public. The last summer season for use was 1978.


Drum Tower of Nanjing

The Drum Tower of Nanjing () on Gulou Mountain in the Gulou District of downtown Nanjing, was first built in the 15th year of the reign of Hongwu, of the Ming Dynasty (1382 AD).
The Drum Tower, which is an important part of Drum Tower Park, is 44 meters long, 22 meters wide and 30 meters high. Its shape is like a Chinese traditional city gate, with a square foundation pedestal made of stone. In the pedestal, there are three arch gateways, one larger in the middle and two smaller on the side. In the side gateways, there are four side-rooms, which were guarded by the imperial drumming officers with hundreds of soldiers during the ancient dynasty. On the pedestal is a red two-story watch tower, made of wood and bricks, which was a sacred place to hold some important ceremonies, such as giving a correct time, welcoming honorable guests, offering sacrifices to the god, and others.


National Opera of Ukraine

The Kyiv Opera group was formally established in the summer of 1867, and is the third oldest in Ukraine, after Odessa Opera and Lviv Opera. Today, the Kyiv Opera Company performs at the National Opera House of Ukraine named after Taras Shevchenko in Kyiv.
History.
Early history: 1867 - 20th century.
Established in the summer of 1867 by Ferdinand Berger (? - 1875). Berger succeeded in inviting many talented singers, musicians, and conductors, and the city council (duma) had offered the newly created troupe to use the City Theatre (constructed in 1856, architect I. Shtrom) for their performances. Officially, the theatre was named the City Theatre but was most commonly referred to as the Russian Opera. The day of the first performance, November 8 (October 27 old style), 1867 was made a city holiday. The performance of the opera "Askold's Tomb" by Alexey Verstovsky was the troupe's debut. The initial success is attributed to the vocal talents of that time of O. Satagano-Gorchakova, F. L'vov, M. Agramov but also the captivating plot taken from some principal pages of the ancient history of the city.
Early performances were mostly Russian operas, including "Ruslan and Ludmila" by Mikhail Glinka, "Rusalka" by Alexander Dargomyzhsky, "Maccabees" by Anton Rubinstein and "The Power of the Fiend" by A. Serov, as well as translated European operas including "The Barber of Seville" by Rossini, "The Marriage of Figaro" by Mozart, "Der Freischütz" by Weber, "Lucia di Lammermoor" by Donizetti, and operas by Giuseppe Verdi, which became the favorite of the Kyivites.
On February 4, 1896, after a morning performance of "Eugene Onegin" by Tchaikovsky, a fire erupted from an unextinguished candle in the theatre. The fire consumed the whole building within several hours. One of the largest musical libraries in Europe along with numerous costumes and stage props of many performances were lost during the fire. After the fire of the City Theatre, the troupe performed on other stages for several years, including Bergonie's Theatre (now the National Theatre of Russian Drama named after Lesya Ukrainka), Solovtsov's Theatre (now the National Theatre named after Ivan Franko) and even on the arena of the famous Krutikov's Circus.
Early 20th century.
After the fire, the City Council had announced the international competition to design a new building for the Opera Theatre in Kyiv. The winning proposal was by Victor Schröter. The exterior was designed in Neo-Renaissance style and had accounted for the needs of the actors and the spectators. The interior was redesigned in a classical style and called "Viennese Modern". However, his greatest achievement is considered to be the stage - one of the largest in Europe designed to the latest engineering standards.
On , the solemn opening of the new premise of the theatre took place with a performance of cantata Kyiv by composer Wilhelm Hartweld (1859 - 1927) and a presentation of the opera "Life for the Tsar" by M. Glinka.
On , there was a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" at the Kyiv Opera House in the presence of the Tsar and his two oldest daughters, the Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana. The theater was occupied by 90 men posted as interior guards. During the intermission of a performance Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin was killed.
According to Alexander Spiridovich, after the second act "Stolypin was standing in front of the ramp separating the parterre from the orchestra, his back to the stage. On his right were Baron Freedericks and Gen. Suhkomlinov." His personal body guard had gone to smoke. Stolypin was shot twice, once in the arm and once in the chest by Dmitry Bogrov, a leftist revolutionary, trying to rehabilitate himself. Bogrov ran to one of the entries and was subsequently caught. "He [Stolypin] turned toward the Imperial Box, then seeing the Tsar who had entered the box, he made a gesture with both hands to tell the Tsar to go back." The orchestra began to play "God Save the Tsar." The doctors hoped Stolypin would recover, but, despite never losing consciousness, his condition deteriorated. The next day, the distressed Tsar knelt at Stolypin's hospital bedside and kept repeating the words "Forgive me". Stolypin died three days later.
In the first decade of the 20th century, the Kyiv Opera Theatre attracted the most outstanding Ukrainian and Russian singers, including O. Petlyash, P. Tsecevich, K. Voronets, M. Medvedev, K. Brun, O. Mosin and O. Kamionsky and famous opera stars from the West often came on tours. Several unusual for the time performances took place on the stage: "Die Walkure" by Wagner, "Sadko" by Rimsky-Korsakov and "Mefistofele" by Arrigo Boito.
As Kyiv began to grow and with the conclusion of World War I, the Kyiv Opera occupied a special place in the USSR and the world. The Kyiv Opera Theatre was considered to be one of the most prestigious in Ukraine and Russia. Kurt Adler was First Conductor from 1933-1935.
In 1981 the world premiere of a ballet based on the life of Olga of Kiev was performed to commemorate the 1500th anniversary of the city.
References.
Notes


82-84 Windmill Street, Millers Point

82-84 Windmill Street, Millers Point is a heritage-listed residence and former residence and office located at 82-84 Windmill Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of Millers Point in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as the Royal College of Pathologists (former) and Terrace. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
History.
Millers Point is one of the earliest areas of European settlement in Australia, and a focus for maritime activities.
82-84 Windmill Street is a Georgian Revival style Victorian townhouse built , once the home of naturalist John William Brazier, and also part of the Royal College of Physicians.
In 1958 architect John Fisher (member of the Institute of Architects, the Cumberland County Council Historic Buildings Committee and on the first Council of the National Trust of Australia (NSW) after its reformation in 1960), with the help of artist Cedric Flower, convinced Taubmans to paint the central bungalow at 50 Argyle Place. This drew attention to the importance of for the first time. As a result, Fisher was able to negotiate leases for Bligh House (later "Clydebank") and houses in Windmill Street for various medical societies.
In 1971, a 20-year lease was granted by the City of Sydney for the use of premises at 82 Windmill Street to the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia. In 1974 a lease to the College was granted by the City over 84 Windmill Street. The College renovated both buildings and use them as offices until 1984 when the College purchased Durham Hall in and relocated to that property.
Description.
Victorian Georgian, two storey townhouse with attic and basement. Shutters to all windows, fanlight over front door. Storeys: 2 Construction: Painted rendered masonry, slate roof. Painted timber joinery. Iron lace balustrade. Style: Victorian Georgian.
Condition.
External: Good.
Heritage listing.
As at 23 November 2000, this Victorian Georgian townhouse was constructed . Once the home of noted naturalist John William Brazier, it was also formerly part of the Royal College of Physicians. It is part of the Millers Point Conservation Area, an intact residential and maritime precinct. It contains residential buildings and civic spaces dating from the 1830s and is an important example of 19th century adaptation of the landscape.
82-84 Windmill Street, Millers Point was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.