Punggol Coast MRT station

Punggol Coast MRT station is a future underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North East line in Punggol, Singapore. Once completed, it will replace Punggol as the line's northern terminus.
The station will serve a mixed-use area in Punggol North which is slated to be an "enterprise district" called Punggol Digital District (PDD). PDD is slated to be completed from 2024, and will house digital and cyber-security industries, as well as the new Singapore Institute of Technology campus. It will also serve as the closest station to Coney Island.
History.
Planning.
On 17 January 2013, then Minister for Transport Lui Tuck Yew announced that the North East line will be extended northwards to Punggol North station, serving as the future northern terminus of the North East line. To coincide with the development of Punggol North and the new Punggol Downtown, the station will be constructed in tandem and with expected completion in 2030.
On 7 June 2017, then-Second Minister for Transport Ng Chee Meng announced that the single station extension will open in 2023, 7 years ahead of the original completion date of 2030. The station was renamed Punggol Coast station. The extension will span 1.6 km and will serve the future Punggol North area, including the Punggol Digital District.
Tenders for the construction of NELe tunnels, station and construction works were called in June 2017. Contract 715 for the design and construction of Punggol Coast Station and associated tunnels was awarded to China State Construction Engineering Corporation Limited (Singapore Branch) at a sum of S$79 million on December 2017. Construction started in 2017, with completion in 2024.
On 13 November 2020, Minister of Transport Ong Ye Kung announced that the station would be completed in 2024 instead due to delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This comes even as works progressed to 40% completion with the tunnels finished.


Alfred Lamy

Alfred Lamy (1886–1922) was a French maker of bows.
Son of Joseph Jean Baptiste Lamy was born in Mirecourt, Vosges, France. He was apprenticed in Mirecourt with Bazin and later worked for Eugene Cuniot-Hury.
Lamy established his own business around 1919.
He was the nephew of Joseph Alfred Lamy known historically as Lamy père.
Alfred Lamy left a small quantity of very good quality bows.
Branded "A.LAMY" or "ALFRED LAMY".
Lamy (bow makers)


Fengbang station

Fengbang () is a station under construction on the future Line 14 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at the intersection of Xiangfeng Road and Cao'an Highway in the city's Jiading District, the station is named after the nearby town of Fengbang and will serve as the western terminus of the line when it opens in 2021.


Corso Italia station

Corso Italia is an under construction infill station on the Trillium Line in Ottawa, Ontario. It is being constructed as part of the Stage 2 O-Train expansion and is scheduled for completion in 2022. The station will consist of two side platforms and is located north of Gladstone Avenue, near Preston Street. The station was known as Gladstone during development.


Willow Island disaster

The Willow Island disaster was the collapse of a cooling tower under construction at the Pleasants Power Station at Willow Island, West Virginia, on April 27, 1978. 51 construction workers were killed. It is thought to be the deadliest construction accident in U.S. history.
Background.
During the 1970s, many coal-powered power plants were being built in the valley along the Ohio River. The Allegheny Power System was building another, larger plant at Willow Island, which would have two electric generators with a total capacity of 1,300 megawatts. This was in addition to the two smaller units that were already installed there.
By April 1978, one natural draft cooling tower had been built, and a second was under construction. One of the contractors, New Jersey-based Research-Cottrell, was well known for constructing such towers around the country.
The usual method of scaffold construction has the base of the scaffold built on the ground, with the top being built higher to keep up with the height of the tower.
The scaffolding on the Willow Island cooling tower was bolted to the structure it was being used to build. A layer of concrete was poured; then, after the concrete forms were removed, the scaffolding was raised and bolted onto the new section. Cranes atop the scaffolding raised buckets of concrete. One lift of concrete was poured each day.
Collapse.
On April 27, 1978, tower number 2 had reached a height of . Just after 10:00 a.m., as the third bucket of concrete was being raised, the cable hoisting the bucket slackened, and the crane pulling it up fell toward the inside of the tower. The previous day's concrete then started to collapse. Concrete began to unwrap from the top of the tower, first peeling counter-clockwise, then in both directions. A jumble of concrete, wooden forms, and metal scaffolding fell into the hollow center of the tower. All fifty-one construction workers on the scaffold fell to their deaths.
Immediately following the collapse, other construction workers onsite began digging for their coworkers. Fire departments from Belmont, Parkersburg, Vienna, and St. Marys in West Virginia, and Marietta in Ohio, were called in. Ambulances from Parkersburg and Marietta hospitals were also dispatched.
The Volunteer Fire Department in Belmont was turned into a temporary morgue. Many of the men were only able to be identified by the contents of their pockets. All but one worker were identified by co-workers.
Investigation.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) investigation team arrived at the site the day of the accident. A team from the National Bureau of Standards (now called the National Institute of Standards and Technology) arrived two days later.
A number of safety lapses caused the collapse:
On June 8, 1978, OSHA cited Willow Island contractors for 20 violations, including failures to field test concrete and anchor the scaffold system properly. The cases were settled for $85,500, or about $1,700 per worker killed. OSHA referred the case to the United States Department of Justice for criminal investigation. A grand jury was convened, but no charges were filed.


Grand Central School of Art

The Grand Central School of Art was an American art school in New York City, founded in 1923 by the painters Edmund Greacen, Walter Leighton Clark and John Singer Sargent. The school was established and run by the Grand Central Art Galleries, an artists' cooperative founded by Sargent, Greacen, Clark, and others in 1922. The school was directed by Greacen, Sargent and Daniel Chester French and occupied on the seventh floor of the east wing of the Grand Central Terminal in New York City. Press accounts of the school's opening reception mentioned the following instructors: Greacen, George Pearse Ennis, sculptor Chester Beach, muralists Ezra Winter and Dean Cornwell, the illustrator and costume designer Helen Dryden, Nicolai Fechin, Julian Bowes and George Elmer Browne.
The school had more than 400 students its first year and soon grew to 900, making it one of the largest art schools in the city. Greacen engaged Arshile Gorky as an instructor, probably the school's most prominent teacher. Another instructor was Harvey Dunn, whose comments were captured by a student during one five-hour class session and were published in 1934 in a slim volume titled "An Evening in the Classroom". For some years the school held a summer session in Eastport, Maine. After nearly 20 years of operation, the school closed in 1944.
The school has no relationship to the current Grand Central Academy of Art, despite the similarities in name and a shared humanist perspective. The academy, also in New York City, was established by the Institute of Classical Architecture and Classical America (ICA&CA), founded as two separate nonprofit organizations in 1991 and 1968.


Charles (Tamil militant)

Shanmuganathan Ravishankar ( "Caṇmukanātaṉ Ravicaṅkar"; died 5 January 2008; commonly known by the nom de guerre Charles) was a leading member of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a separatist Tamil militant organisation in Sri Lanka.
Ravishankar was from Point Pedro. He joined the LTTE in December 1985, whilst still at school, and took on the nom de guerre Charles. His first duty was to be a sentry near Point Pedro army camp after school. He abandoned his education in 1987. He then worked in a shop run by the LTTE. Charles' first armed combat was in May 1987 during the Vadamarachchi Operation (Operation Liberation) in which the Sri Lankan military recaptured most of Vadamarachchi. He took part in the LTTE's retaliatory attack on the army camp at Nelliady Central College on 5 July 1987.
Charles then served under Captain Morris, the LTTE's commander for Point Pedro, taking part in operations against the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF). Charles then served in Manal Aru before returning to Jaffna peninsula. He was the LTTE's commander for Vadamarachchi when the IPKF withdrew to India in 1990.
Charles was introduced to the LTTE's intelligence head Pottu Amman by his body guard Kili. Pottu Amman chose Charles to prepare a base in southern Sri Lanka for attacks. Charles and some other intelligence operatives were sent to Colombo in early 1990. He returned to the north after war broke out again between the LTTE and the Sri Lankan military in June 1990. The LTTE then received intelligence that Deputy Defence Minister Ranjan Wijeratne and the Joint Operations Command were planning to assassinate LTTE leader V. Prabhakaran as he and his wife Mathivathani were praying at the Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna. Charles was sent back to Colombo in January 1991 to deliver the LTT's response to the assassination plot. Wijeratne was assassinated on 2 March 1991 and the Joint Operations Command building was blown up on 22 June 1991. Charles is alleged to have taken part in both attacks. He is also alleged to have taken part in the assassinations of Clancy Fernando (16 November 1992); Lalith Athulathmudali (23 April 1993); President Ranasinghe Premadasa (1 May 1993); and Gamini Dissanayake, Ossie Abeygunasekera, Weerasinghe Mallimarachchi, G. M. Premachandra and Gamini Wijesekara (24 October 1994). He is also alleged to have taken part in the attacks on the Kolonnawa fuel storage complex (20 October 1995) and Kelanithissa power plant (14 November 1997). Charles is alleged to have masterminded the Central Bank bombing on 31 January 1996. Prabhakaran is alleged to have given Charles a Mitsubishi Pajero as a reward for the Central Bank attack.
After the Sri Lankan authorities became aware of his presence in Colombo, Charles moved to the East, serving as the LTTE's intelligence head in Batticaloa-Ampara between 1997 and 2000. During this time he is alleged to have masterminded the assassinations of Neelan Tiruchelvam (29 July 1999); Lucky Algama (8 December 1999); and C. V. Gunaratne (7 June 2000). He is also believed to have been behind the unsuccessful assassination attempt on President Chandrika Kumaratunga on 18 December 1999. He led the successful commando raid on Bandaranaike International Airport on 24 July 2001 in which no civilians were hurt.
After the 2002 ceasefire Charles started expanding the LTTE's intelligence network in the Colombo region, particularly Sinhalese members of the police and armed forces. He is also worked to eliminate members of Tamil paramilitary groups and Tamils spying for the Sri Lankan authorities. In 2004 he was made head of the newly created Military Intelligence Wing of the LTTE. He is alleged to have been behind the Habarana bombing (16 October 2006) and attack on Galle Harbour (18 October 2006). He took part in gathering intelligence about the Anuradhapura air base prior to it being attacked on 22 October 2007. He was later placed in charge of all external operations and made commander of a special combat unit in Mannar District.
In early 2008 Charles was assisting Sea Tigers leader Soosai fortify the Sea Tiger base at Vidattaltivu, Mannar District. Lieutenant Colonel Charles and three other LTTE members were killed on 5 January 2008 by a claymore mine placed by the Army's Deep Penetration Unit (LRRP) as they travelled in van between Iluppaikkadavai and Pallamadu in Mannar District. There were conflicting reports about his age - the Sri Lankan military claimed he was 35 whilst others reported that he was 43. His remains were buried in the LTTE's heroes cemetery at Kanakapuram, Kilinochchi District. He was posthumously promoted to Colonel.


Trail of the Cedars

The Trail of the Cedars is a hiking trail accessible from Going-to-the-Sun Road in Glacier National Park, Montana. The path is paved and has a raised boardwalk in some sections. Some of the cedars visible are over tall. The trail splits into two sections: one loops, while the other continues to Avalanche Lake which can reached after a hike with a elevation gain. In the middle of the half loop is a beautiful waterfall that has carved through colorful rock to make a channeled stream.


Anton Walter

Gabriel Anton Walter (5 February 1752 – 11 April 1826) was a builder of pianos. The "Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" describes him as "the most famous Viennese piano maker of his time".
Life.
Walter was born in Neuhausen auf den Fildern, Germany. The record of his marriage to a widow named Anna Elisabeth Schöffstoss in 1780 indicates that he had moved to Vienna by that time. His earlier surviving pianos are dated to this year.
His piano business was evidently successful. In 1790 he was awarded the status of Imperial Royal Chamber Organ Builder and Instrument Maker. By 1800 he was employing about 20 workmen. In that year he was joined in the firm by his stepson Joseph Schöffstoss, and the pianos came to be labeled "Anton Walter und Sohn" ("and son"). The last surviving Walter piano is dated 1825, and he died the following year.
Walter's pianos.
Walter's instruments are classified within the so-called "Viennese" school of piano design. This school originated with Johann Andreas Stein, who built pianos in Augsburg. In Viennese instruments, the head of the hammer is closer to the player than the hinge, and the hammer is made to rise when its short opposite end is caught on a hook. Like all early pianos, those of the Viennese school were of far lighter construction than modern instruments and had a quite distinct sound; for general discussion, see fortepiano.
Walter improved on Stein's design by adding to the action a back check, which caught the hammer on its descent, preventing it from bouncing up and down in lively playing. This innovation was generally adopted by other Viennese makers in Walter's time, and remains standard in the modern piano. Its importance is illustrated by an observation of Palmieri and Palmieri, namely that modern replicas of Stein pianos commonly include a back check even though it is not historically authentic on these instruments.
Walter's career extended over several decades, and his instruments evolved with the times, with ever heavier construction as the piano began its shift from the lightweight Classical-era norm toward its far heavier modern incarnation, achieved by about 1870. It appears that Walter eventually fell behind his competitors (notably Conrad Graf, who built much heavier instruments) and was less successful in the competition among makers during the last years of his career. He died in Vienna, aged 74.
Mozart's instrument.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart bought a Walter piano in about 1782, and employed it in one of the most important phases of his career, the composition and highly successful premieres of his mature piano concertos (see: Mozart piano concertos). In about 1800 (nine years after Mozart's death), this instrument was apparently considerably modified by the Walter firm. It survives today (and is kept in Salzburg, previously having been the property of Mozart's son Carl in Milan), but cannot provide reliable testimony for Mozart's own performance practice due to Walter's modifications: the type of hammer mechanism appears to have been changed and furthermore when Mozart owned the piano there may only have been hand operated levers for the dampers. A Walter instrument in Nuremberg, inv. MIR 1098, dated ca. 1790 by Latcham, uses hand operated levers. Contemporary and earlier instruments by Johann Andreas Stein, liked and played by Mozart, do have the knee levers for the dampers.
Surviving Walter pianos.
The following list is not complete. For more on Walter and his pianos, see the relevant chapter in: Michael Latcham, Pianos for Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven: change and contrast, published by Katzbichler, Munich and Salzburg, 2017
Walter's pianos as models for modern builders.
In modern times, fortepianos have been constructed by a number of builders for purposes of historically informed performance of 18th century and early 19th century music. For this purpose Walter's instruments have been important, serving as the model for instruments constructed by Philip Belt, Chris Maene, Paul McNulty, Paul Poletti, and Rodney Regier, among others.
References.
Notes
Sources


French corvette La Bastiaise

La Bastiaise was a of the French Navy ("Marine nationale"). The ship was built by the British shipyard Smiths Dock in their Middlesbrough shipyard, and was completed in June 1940, just before the French Armistice with Germany. She was sunk by a mine on 22 June 1940 during sea trials.
The name "La Bastiaise" was in honour of the inhabitants of the city of Bastia, Corsica.
War service.
At the outbreak of World War II the "Marine nationale" (French Navy) needed urgently ships for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) convoy escort and placed orders from Smiths Dock in South Bank, Middlesbrough for four Flower-class corvettes. Following this the "Marine nationale" ordered a further 18 ships, to be built both in British and French shipyards. These French Flower-class ships were identical to the British "Flowers" except that French and 13.2 mm AA guns were to be fitted.
On 22 June 1940, the day of France's capitulation, "La Bastiase" was undergoing sea trials in the North Sea when she struck a mine off Hartlepool and sank. The night before Luftwaffe planes had been dropping magnetic mines into the shallow coastal waters. Forty-three French sailors died, along with at least 18 British shipyard workers. "La Bastiase" was not part of FFL Navy as she was serving under the "Marine nationale" flag but France surrendered on the day of her loss. Her commander, Lieutenant de Vaisseau Georges Albert Lacombe, died in the sinking.
Legacy.
A memorial obelisk, with the names of all those who died when La Bastiaise hit a mine whilst on trials off the River Tees was dedicated at a service in Smiths Dock Park on Saturday 7 November 2015.
The crew members that died are remembered among the Forces Navales Françaises Libres members that died in the war.


Jesse Aaron

Jesse Aaron (1887-1979) was an American contemporary sculptor and wood carver. Aaron began making art in his early 80s. He gained rapid recognition, including a Visual Arts Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts. His work is held in the permanent collections of several museums including the High Museum of Art and the Smithsonian Museum of American Art.
Life.
Jesse Aaron was born on June 10, 1887 in Lake City, Florida. He was the eldest of twelve children born into a mixed race family descending from a Seminole grandmother and parents of African and European descent. He completed his formal education in the first grade when his parents removed him from school to hire him out as a farm-laborer for seven dollars per month. He continued sporadic agricultural labor until 1908 when he attended a technical college for his baker's certification. From then Aaron began working as a cook for the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad system, operated several bake shops, cooked for Hotel Thomas in Gainesville, FL, and then for various hospitals and fraternities later in his career. When he could not find work cooking, he worked in cabinetmaking, which gave him the skills and inspiration for woodcarving and sculpture.
In 1912, shortly after becoming a certified baker, Aaron met Lee Anna, a school teacher, whom he would marry and together raise one daughter, Ida Aaron Wells. In the early 1930s, Aaron built a home for his family in Gainesville, Florida, where he lived for the rest of his life. In the mid-1960s he bought three acres of land east of Gainesville and created his own farm and nursery there. He used to sell flowers and seedlings from the nursery for extra money. However, in 1968, he was forced to sell the nursery to partially pay for his wife's cataract surgery.
Aaron died on October 17, 1979 and Lee Anna shortly after on December 25, 1985.
Career.
According to Aaron, desperation and divine intervention inspired him to carve wood. In 1968, after selling his farm to fund his wife's cataracts operation, Aaron still did not have enough money to fully fund her surgery. As he recounted, at three o'clock in the morning on July 5, Aaron awoke to the voice of God commanding him to carve wood. This inspiration offered solutions both to Lee Anna's desperate need for surgery and Aaron's unemployment after losing his nursery. Thus, at 81 years old, Aaron began a new career as a sculptor.
Aaron's first carvings were on the trees surrounding his property and home in Gainesville. Aaron believed these trees and their carved faces to be protective. Aaron's first stand-alone carvings were carved from soft kindling wood that he got from a neighbor. Later, his more anthropomorphic wood sculptures, with their characteristically large, yellow eyes, would be sourced from the woods and swamps surrounding his property.
Process and Materials.
Aaron had a similar artistic process as other southern African American wood carvers of the mid-twentieth century, such as Bessie Harvey, Ralph Griffin, Archie Byron, Elijah Pierce, and Ulysses Davis, to name a few. Aaron would walk the swamp and forest to collect pieces of wood in which "he could bring forth human and animal shapes that, to him if not to anyone else, already existed." For the artist, there was a distinct difference between inspired and uninspired material and the power of distinguishing the two lay in his communion with God. He described his process as "I can see faces on anything. I can look at a tree stump and I know just how is gonna look 'fore I start, It all depends on what God has put there in the wood." Towards the end of his life, he would experience arthritic pain that prevented him from harvesting his own wood. Fruitlessly, he hired college students to help him source wood, complaining "These guys don't know what to look for. They can't see it. Most of the time, what they bring to me I can't see nothing in it."
Aaron most often worked with untreated hardwoods, Cedar and Cyprus, which are native to Florida and therefore bug-resistant. He began by roughly shaping with a chainsaw, then refined the pieces with hammers, chisels, and other hand-tools. He never painted, stained, or varnished the sculptures, but would often burn the surface of the wood to enhance color and texture. He created the iconic, large, aghast, yellow eyes from polyester resin. He also attached found objects, bones, old pipes, rusted guns, and hats to his pieces to further animate them.
His work ranged from pocket-sized sculptures to larger-than-life sized tree trunks. Although it is difficult to estimate how many carvings were completed in his short, eleven-year working period, several hundred examples of his work have survived into the contemporary cannon, making it likely that he completed many more pieces than that.
Acclaim.
Approximately one month after Aaron began carving and displaying his work in his front yard, Stuart R. Purser, a professor of art at the University of Florida, stumbled upon his work. He arranged a visit with the artist and was quickly taken by Aaron's prowess. In October 1968, Purser organized Aaron's first solo exhibition at the University of Florida. Two years later, with the attention of University of Florida art historian and curator, Roy Craven, Aaron had another gallery opening at the University. As Craven recalls, the gallery opened at 1:00 pm and all of Aaron's work was sold by 2:30 pm.
In 1975, Aaron was awarded the Visual Arts Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, one of the highest honors that an artist can receive in the United States.


Arnold Mikelson

Arnold Mikelson (1922-1984) was a Latvian artist who specialized in wood carvings. Starting in 1947, he was chief designer for Royal Crown Derby Porcelain of England, before working as an architectural draftsman for a number of years. In the late 1960s, he took up carving full-time. Mikelson's work includes the design of the Mind and Matter Gallery in White Rock, British Columbia. He had commissions from the forestry giant MacMillan Bloedel (now Weyerhaeuser Canada), the Province of British Columbia and the City of Surrey.
Early life.
Mikelson was born in 1922 in the small river town of Rauna, Latvia. He was the son of a cabinetmaker. At the age of four, a visiting aunt noticed him carving a piece of wood on his father’s workbench. From then until the age of 16, he studied various artistic crafts. Trained as a mechanical engineer, he retained his passion for art. At the age of 17, Mikelson was awarded a Gold Medal in the Latvian seaport capital of Riga for his contribution to the arts there.
Career.
Mikelson gave up painting at the age of 28 and settled on sculpture almost exclusively. In 1940, during World War II, the Russians invaded Latvia. Mikelson fled to Germany. Over seven years in war-torn Germany, Mikelson managed around 40 employees. These were artisans who made wooden hope chests, jewelry boxes, wooden plates and chandeliers. Mikelson created intricate carvings. Many churches throughout Germany contain carved chandeliers crafted by him.
England.
In 1947, after the war, Mikelson emigrated to England. Mikelson began working at the 200-year-old Royal Crown Derby Porcelain of England, hired to create three-dimensional sculptures. Mikelson was the company’s Chief Designer. His design leadership, including the "Chelsea Birds" now well known, helped revitalize and rebuild Royal Crown to some of its former grandeur. His work, consisting largely of bird sculptures, remains on display in the Royal Crown Derby Museum in England. In 1948 Arnold married Livija Mikkelson in Repton, United Kingdom. In 1953 Arnold, Livija, and their two young children sailed for Canada.
Canada.
On a 1954 visit overseas, Canadian Senator Donald Cameron, appointed to the government after a significant career in public education with the University of Alberta, encountered Mikelson’s work at an art exhibition in England. Cameron, among his many significant achievements, was head of the Banff School of Fine Arts in the 1930s, and maintained a leadership connection with that facility over the years. He acted as its head during his time as a Senator, and he kept that position until 1969. The Banff School was world-famous even in 1954, and Cameron didn’t hesitate when he approached Mikelson and offered him a management and teaching position in the facility that sits in the Tunnel Mountain in Banff National Park.
Mikelson accepted Senator Cameron’s offer and immigrated to Canada. However, when he travelled to Banff and saw the school, the finest in Canada with an international reputation, Mikelson turned down the opportunity, as the Banff facility was considered by European standards to be tiny and insignificant. Mikelson had no way of knowing at that time that this was the best that the comparatively new country of Canada had to offer, and he came, over time, to regret the decision he had made when he walked away from Senator Cameron’s offer.
Mikelson went to work as an architectural draftsman. He designed many schools, hospitals, and residential buildings throughout that province and British Columbia. In 1956, he carved moulds of the Canadian coat of arms for use in Alberta courtrooms.
After 11 years on the Prairies, Mikelson decided to leave Alberta for British Columbia, with his new wife Mary. In 1965 they settled in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, where Arnold designed and built The Mind and Matter Gallery.
Late career.
In 1971 the Amy Ryan Fine Arts Center in Abilene, Texas commissioned Mikelson to create three sculptures for its Fine Arts Center. "Roadrunner", a roadrunner attacking a rattlesnake was one of the pieces, depicting the state bird of New Mexico. The "Mockingbirds", the state bird of Texas, along with "Inspiration", a seven-foot angel completed the set. Today these works are on permanent display at the Amy Graves Ryan Center of Fine Arts in Abilene.
Exhibitions featuring his work were held at the British Columbia Provincial Museum, and at locations all across Canada. In 1976 on the grounds of the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto, he was invited to participate by the International Carvers Association with 1,500 entrants from all over the world. Mikelson’s work won in 11 out of 15 categories, he was given the Gold and Silver Medals for his accomplishment, and he was invited back the next year as a judge for the International Carvers Exhibition.
Mikelson died February 9, 1984 while recovering from open-heart surgery.
Materials and technique.
Mikelson favourite wood was satin walnut (eucalyptus), but he employed many other types, such as oak, teak, birch, and yellow cedar. After designing the sculpture, he roughly formed it with a bandsaw, laminated the parts, and then finished with a grinder, sandpaper, and varnish. For larger sculptures he worked on the components prior to gluing them together without clamps. He produced about 250 pieces each year.
Family.
Mikelson and his wife Mary had four children together; daughters Margit, Sapphire and Myra, and son Arnold Jr.


Aerotropolis railway station

Aerotropolis railway station is a proposed station on the Western Sydney Airport line that will serve Badgerys Creek. Scheduled to open in 2026, it will be the terminus of the line.
References.
[[Category:Sydney Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations scheduled to open in 2026]]


26 Avenue Southeast station

26 Avenue SE is a planned and approved CTrain light rail station in Calgary, Alberta, Canada part of the Green Line. Construction will begin in 2022 and complete in 2027 as part of construction stage one, segment one. The station is located in Alyth/Bonnybrook/Manchester near Barlow Trail.
The station is located to become the southern anchor for a future main street along 11 Street SE and will be elevated, similar to the existing Sunalta Station. The land surrounding the future station is city-owned and offers scenic views of the Rocky Mountains and the downtown Calgary skyline. The area will be redeveloped with transit oriented development, and approximately 7,600 new residents are anticipated to move to the area after construction of the station. Additionally, it will provide access to the Crossroads Market, as well as the southeastern portion of Ramsay and the industrial areas of Alyth, Bonnybrook and Manchester.


Ian Morrison (journalist)

Ian Ernest McLeavy Morrison (31 May 1913 – 12 August 1950) was an Australian journalist and war correspondent for "The Times". He was one of the first journalists to be killed in the Korean War. The Academy Award-nominated film "Love is a Many-Splendored Thing" is based on Morrison's love affair with author Han Suyin in Hong Kong.
Early career.
He was born on 31 May 1913 in Peking, as the oldest son to Australian adventurer and journalist George Ernest Morrison (1862–1920) and Jennie Wark Robin (1889–1923). His father had been living in Peking on and off since 1897, when he had been stationed there as "The Times"' first Peking correspondent. In 1919, the family moved to United Kingdom, where the father died in 1920. Ian Morrison and his two younger brothers, Alastair Gwynne (1915–2009) and Colin (1917–1990), were all educated at Winchester College before continuing to Cambridge University.
From 1935 to 1938, Morrison was appointed English lecturer at Hokkaido Imperial University in Sapporo, Japan. From 1938, he was secretary to the British ambassador in Tokyo, Sir Robert Craigie.
In 1941, Morrison married the Austrian/Czechoslovakian Maria Therese Neubauer in Hong Kong. They had met earlier in Shanghai. They had two children, Nicholas and Petra. In 1946, his brother Colin married Maria's sister, Steffi.
Second World War.
During the Second World War, Morrison covered the Pacific Front, being promoted from freelance contributor to full-time staff correspondent of "The Times." His first assignment was to cover the Battle of Singapore. During a November 1942 air raid during the Battle of Buna-Gona, he was mildly injured. In December 1943, he fractured his vertebrae and suffered head trauma as a result of a plane crash on New Guinea. He then telegraphed "The Times":
Regret involved in airplane accident enroute obtain eyewitness operational full stop hospitalised injuries seriouser than yestertime hope recover soon Dickson Brown newschronicler kindly consented cover next three days thereafter Curthoys sorry disappoint you good story
He did not return to combat journalism for seven months, and by the following December he had been shot once again, so he telegraphed "The Times":
Left hospital today. Thumb, in which fragments of Dutch bullet are lodged, will take at least a fortnight to heal up, but hope to resume filing about Thursday. Another bullet grazed side without doing any damage.
Morrison wrote three books related to World War II:
Between the wars.
After the war, he was stationed in Singapore as a correspondent for "The Times" and travelled widely for them. While visiting Hong Kong, he met and had a love affair with local doctor and future author Han Suyin (according to his aunt, he was a "ladies man" with paramours all over the Far East and in Australia). Their story was told in her semi-autobiographical first novel "A Many-Splendoured Thing" which was made into a very successful film (with him now American and played by William Holden) in 1955.
Korean War.
When the Korean War broke out in 1950, Morrison was despatched there by "The Times." He published his first article from the front on 10 July.
He died on 12 August 1950, when a jeep carrying him, Indian Colonel M. K. Unni Nayar, and British journalist Christopher Buckley, struck a landmine that killed all three.
He and Buckley were buried together at a private mission cemetery in Daegu with other correspondents acting as pallbearers. An American Guard of Honour fired a salute, and the Last Post was sounded.
His name is listed in the Hong Kong Foreign Correspondents' Club as a member killed in the line of duty.


Amanda Crowe

Amanda Crowe (July 16, 1928 – September 27, 2004) was an Eastern Band Cherokee woodcarver and educator from Cherokee, North Carolina. A graduate of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, her work has been widely exhibited and is held by a number of museums. Crowe dedicated much of her career to teaching and training the next generation of Eastern Cherokee artists.
Early life.
Crowe was born on July 16, 1928, in the Qualla Boundary, North Carolina. By the age of four, she had decided to become an artist. Of her childhood, Amanda said: "Every spare minute was spent in carving or studying anything available concerning art ... " At the age of eight, she was already selling her carvings.
Both of Crowe's parents died when she was very young. By the time she reached high school, her foster mother arranged for her to stay in Chicago, where she graduated from Hyde Park High School and attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC). She earned the John Quincy Adams fellowship for foreign study in 1952, and she chose to study sculpture with Jose De Creeft at the Instituto Allende in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. Crowe also earned her Master of Fine Arts degree from SAIC that year.
Art and teaching career.
In 1953, the Cherokee Historical Association invited Crowe back to North Carolina to teach studio art at Cherokee High School, where her uncle Goingback Chiltoskey was already teaching. She set up a studio in the Paint Town community and taught wood carving for almost four decades to over 2,000 students.
Her sculptures were often animal figures, and she was particularly known for her expressive bears. Her work is streamlined, highly stylized, and smoothly carved. She also worked with stone and clay, but wood was her favorite medium, and she carved with local woods such as wild cherry, buckeye, and black walnut.
Her art is sometimes compared to the work of Willard Stone. Art scholar Esther Bockhoff writes that Crowe was "undoubtedly one of the primary influences on the resurgence of Cherokee carving."
Public collections that own her work include the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, the United States Department of the Interior, and the National Museum of the American Indian. She has exhibited her work in such museums as the Art Institute of Chicago, the Atlanta Art Museum, the Denver Art Museum, the Mint Museum of Art in Charlotte, the Asheville Art Museum, and venues in Germany and the United Kingdom. Among many awards, Crowe won the North Carolina Folk Heritage Award in 2000.
She also illustrated the book "Cherokee Legends and the Trail of Tears", first published in 1956 and reprinted several times since.
Death and legacy.
Crowe died on September 27, 2004. Many of the contemporary Eastern Band Cherokee sculptors today studied under her. On November 9, 2018, Google recognized her with a doodle.


Murdoch Macdonald

Sir Murdoch MacDonald (6 May 1866 – 24 April 1957) was a notable civil engineer and British politician. Born in Inverness, Scotland, MacDonald was educated at the Farraline Park Institution there, and would serve later as the constituency's MP from 1922 until 1950.
A civil engineer by profession starting in 1890, MacDonald would work in British Egypt from 1898 to 1921. He established the firm of consulting engineers which eventually practiced under the name of Sir M MacDonald & Partners from 1927. In 1932, he became President of the Institution of Civil Engineers.
Engineering career.
MacDonald served his apprenticeship as an engineer with the former Highland Railway Company, and following its completion he spent some years as an assistant engineer on various railway construction projects in Northern Scotland. Among them, there was the building of the Black Isle line between 1890 and 1894, and the widening of the main line between Dalnaspidal and Blair Athol. Years later, MacDonald noted that his early railway work included the design and construction of a small earthen dam and hydroelectric plant.
In 1898, he was invited by Benjamin Baker to go to Egypt as assistant engineer to Maurice Fitzmaurice, the resident engineer in charge of constructing the first Aswan Dam. MacDonald's appointment as an assistant engineer during the building of this significant structure marked the beginning of a 23-year term of service in Egypt. During the same dam's first heightening between 1908 and 1912, MacDonald was director-general of irrigation for the Egyptian Government. He subsequently became Under Secretary of State for Public Works, and finally adviser to Egypt's Minister of Public Works.
For most of his years in Egypt, MacDonald's principal work was with the Aswan Low Dam and its first heightening. The initial dam provided storage capacity above the Nile's natural flow, for Egyptian agriculture requirements, and was capable of holding a summer water supply for lands reasonably expected to be converted to summer irrigation in the immediate future. By 1905 however, it appeared that Egypt was experiencing a cycle of low years in regard to the volume of water passing down the river during the summer. The Government was thus very soon faced with the problem of finding additional storage room to meet possible demands for the existing area, as well as making adequate provision for future extension. A scheme for thickening and heightening the existing Aswan Dam was prepared by Benjamin Baker, and a great deal of the work involved was undertaken by MacDonald. The project was brought to fulfillment principally under his direction, with the "first heightening" completed in 1912.
There were, however, several other projects initiated by Sir Murdoch during his years of service with the Egyptian Government. He was responsible for the planning and completion of overall drainage schemes for lower Egypt which finally dealt with about 3,000,000 acres. He also designed the Sennar Dam on the Blue Nile, and put into operation the first stages of the Gezira irrigation schemes for the conversion of virgin land in the Sudan for cotton growing.
MacDonald worked on the initial siting and design of Gebel Aulia Dam, which was built upstream in the Sudan, but also provided 4 billion cubic metres of regulated storage annually for irrigation downstream in Egypt. He designed and constructed the head works of the Menufia Canal, downstream of the Delta Barrage, the Esna Barrage downstream of Aswan, and effected large-scale improvements to Alexandria Harbour. But even in the 1910s, the propagation of many of these schemes for the development of Egypt aroused much controversy. One expert commission after another was set up to examine the projects and investigate the criticisms of them, and it was in this connection that MacDonald prepared a detailed report entitled "Nile Control", which is looked upon as an early valuable guide to the effective water resource management of the Nile.
Following his departure from Egyptian service and starting Sir M. MacDonald & Partners, he continued his work on Egyptian irrigation schemes. The firm was invited to submit proposals for a second heightening of the Aswan Dam, and the work was carried out between 1929 and 1933. About the same time, MacDonald was responsible for work undertaken to strengthen the Esna Barrage, and he advised on various schemes for land drainage and irrigation in Greece and Portugal. After World War II, he was again consulted by the Government of Egypt about the Aswan Dam, and submitted a report advising that a third heightening was practicable, though never carried out.
Between 1951 and 1953, he was engaged on the design of four new schemes, for the Egyptian Government, involving barrages and storage reservoirs on the Nile. Despite advancing years, he twice visited Egypt to discuss these works.
MacDonalds's principal work in his later years also included domestic projects associated with some of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board's schemes, and with the Great Ouse flood protection scheme. The latter was first considered early in 1938 following serious flooding in the Fens. Several proposals were put forward, and he was asked to formulate a protection scheme in conjunction with the River Great Ouse Catchment Board. Detailed surveys were made to determine the practicability of the works involved, and a report dealing with the whole problem was presented to the Board. The report was printed in early March 1941, but its construction was delayed by the war and until further serious flooding emphasised its urgency. In the mid-1950s the work was started in earnest under the direction of MacDonalds's firm, but he would not see its completion.
In addition to project work over his long civil engineering career, MacDonald gave his services to other spheres. He was elected an associate member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1892, and became a full member in 1909. He presented two papers to the Institution dealing with various aspects of the work on the Aswan Dam, and was twice awarded the Telford Gold Medal. He became president of the Institution in 1932. He was created a K.C.M.G. in 1914, and was awarded the honour of C.B. in 1917.
Political career.
MacDonald was elected as a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Inverness in 1922. He joined the National Liberal Party split in 1931, but resigned from the National Liberal group in the House of Commons in 1942 and according to some descriptions stood as an Independent Liberal MP at the 1945 general election. However "Who was Who", The Times and Whitaker's Almanack all show Macdonald with the description Liberal National in 1945. At his last election, he became the House's oldest MP. He remained a member of his constituency association, which was aligned with the National Liberals. He sat until he retired as the oldest MP in 1950, at age 83.
He died, aged 90, in 1957.
External links.


Naomi Kobayashi

 and is a Japanese textiles, paper, installation and sculpture artist.
Early life and education.
Naomi Kobayashi was born in Tokyo, Japan, and lives in Kyoto, Japan. She studied textiles, printing and weaving at Musashino Art University. She graduated in 1969. She was married to the late Masakazu Kobayashi, with whom she collaborated.
Career.
Early work.
Kobayashi started out as a weaver but became entranced by thread, by the paradox that she described as "so gentle" and "so strong". For the next fifteen years she explored the soft yet strong paradox in wall reliefs and sculptures. This involved using her own off-loom technique where she glued strands of yarn next to each other on a board creating a ribbed texture. On top of this she placed layers of fibre in parallel to this texture, which she built up to create a three-dimensional profile. These pieces dealt with the linearity of fibre, while introducing the element of volume
Later work.
In 1987 Kobayashi made a shift in her practice,using the same technique of building up using glue, she created a free hanging ring. While her early work focused on solids, these later works focused on voids. While her early work stayed in her thematic red and what, the later work has shifted some, including pink, which she said was white reflecting red. The scale of many of these pieces is monumental, as she received many architectural commissions during this period
Themes.
Formal contrasts are at the core of Kobayashi's work; the relationship of horizontal to vertical, of soft to solid straight to curved and ying to yang. For Kobayashi, the properties of her materials convey metaphysical messages. The cosmos and nature are themes She deals with, as well as "singing" with thread
Major Exhibitions.
Fiber: Sculpture 1960 – present.Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, USA, Wexner Center for the Arts Columbus, USA, Des Moines Art Center, Iowa, USA, 2015
Tradition Transformed: Contemporary Japanese Textile Art and Fiber Sculpture: Sheila Hicks, Masakazu Kobayashi, Naomi Kobayashi, Chiaki Maki, Kaori Maki, Toshio Sekiji, Hiroyuki Shindo, Chiyoko Tanaka, Jun Tomita. Browngrotta Gallery, Wilton, Conn. USA
Structure and Surface: Contemporary Japanese Textiles. The Museum of modern art NYC, USA, 1998
Biennale Internationale de la Tapisserie [ Laussane Biennale] Laussane, Switzerland, 1977, 1979, 1985, 1989, 1992 ( with Masakazu Koyayashi)
FiberWorks—Europe and Japan. National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo & National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto Japan, 1976
Galleries Representation.
Art2 Gallery in Singapore
Public collections.
The MET
Cleveland Museum of Art
The V&A


Kunath

Kunath is a recorder maker in Fulda Germany.
Joachim Kunath, who formerly worked for Mollenhauer, offers several lines of school recorders and reed instruments as well as the Paetzold by Kunath square recorders. Around 1975, Herbert Paetzold began to offer a square contrabass recorder made out of plywood that had been invented by his uncle Joachim Paetzold. In 1977 Frans Brüggen ordered three of these instruments for his trio Sour Cream, and they soon became popular among performers for their strength in low consorts. The line has expanded to include great bass, basset and subcontrabass instruments. Herbert Paetzold merged his workshop with Kunath in 2011.


Sahiwal Coal Power Project

The Sahiwal Coal Power Project is a coal power plant project located in the province of Punjab in Pakistan by the name of Huaneng Shandong Ruyi (Pakistan) Energy (Limited). It has an installed capacity of 1320 MW. It commenced full operations on 3 July 2017.
Project details.
The power plant is located about () from Sahiwal and () from Okara cantonment, just north of the road which connects the two towns, in Pakistan's Punjab Province.
The power plant is Pakistan's first supercritical coal power plant, and consists of two plants for a combined capacity of 1,320 MW. This is the first phase, and may be followed by a possible second phase which will include two plants.
Though the plant is now considered to be part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) which was announced in April 2015, the symbolic ground breaking for the project actually preceded the announcement of CPEC and took place in May 2014, as the government of Punjab in March 2014 invited bids for the construction of two 660MW power plants in order to help alleviate Pakistan's energy shortfalls.
The plant was built by a joint consortium of China's state-owned China Huaneng Group which will own 51% of shares, and the Shandong Ruyi, which will hold 49% of shares. The Government of Pakistan will purchase electricity from the consortium at a tariff of 8.3601 US Cents/kWh. The project was built on a build, operate, transfer basis in which the plant's ownership will be transferred to the Government of Punjab after 30 years of operation.
The project site spans a total of , given by the Government of Punjab free of charge. The project includes the construction of a railway siding from the village of Yusuf Wala to the site for exclusive use of the plant.
The plants each consist of one boiler, steam turbine and generator, and are fueled by sub-bituminous coal which will be offloaded at the project's purpose-built rail terminus. The plants generate a total of 1,320 megawatts of electricity, with a gross efficiency of 42.11% by the use of a supercritical steam generator operating at temperatures of up to 580 degrees Celsius.
The plant includes an air quality monitoring system(Flue Gas Desulfurization), and an electrostatic precipitator in order to reduce ash and sulfur emissions from the plant. It requires 60,000 cubic meters of water daily for operation, with water being drawn from the Lower Bari Doab Canal. Raw materials for the plant, including cement, sand, wood, and other buildings materials are being sourced from Pakistan, while furniture from the plants is being procured specifically from markets in nearby Sahiwal.
Construction.
While symbolic ground breaking for the project took place in May 2014, commencement of actual civil works began on July 31, 2015. The first of the two 660MW plants was put into operation on May 12, 2017, while the second 660MW plant was put into operation on May 24, 2017. An estimated 350 personnel are required to operate the plant, including 200 Pakistani engineers who are to undergo training in China. Approximately 3000 laborers are required for construction of the plant.
Boiler foundations, and the plant's turbine steel structure have been completed, while the 9-storey tall boiler structure, chimneys, and cooling towers are under construction as of May 2016. In order to transport coal, a purpose built railway line will be built from the Pakistan Railway at Yusuf Wala to the power plant itself. From there, the coal is to be transported via the purpose built railway line. In order to assist in coal transportation, Pakistan Railways has signed a $214 million contract for the purchase of 55 diesel electric locomotives from General Electric. Pakistan Railways will also procure a further 20 diesel electric locomotives specifically for coal transport.
In January 2016, the Pakistan Railways signed a $37 million contract with Jinan Railway Vehicles Equipment Company for the supply of 800 hopper wagons which will be used to transport coal to the Sahiwal Coal Power Plant; 580 of these wagons are to be constructed at the Mughalpura railway workshop.
In order to connect the plant to the national electrical grid, a 9.5 kilometer 500 kilovolt single circuit transmission line will be constructed from the site to the Sahiwal Substation.
Coal Source.
As with the Pakistan Port Qasim Power Project, most of the coal used for the power plant is imported from Indonesia and South Africa, and is transported by rail from the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim in Pakistan's Sindh Province to the nearby village of Yusuf Wala on Pakistan's existing railway infrastructure.
An estimated 4.48 million tons of coal will be required annually for the plant, based on a calculation of 22 hours of power generation per day. Indonesia is identified as a primary source for its high quality coal, reliable production, and short transit times to Pakistan. Coal from Pakistan's own Thar coalfield was found to contain excessive amounts of sulfur and lime, and was not deemed to be of high enough quality for the project. The supply of reliable coal from the fields was also considered to be inadequate. A mixture of Pakistani indigenous coal with imported coal was also deemed to be unsuitable as it would decrease heat production from coal, and would compromise safety of the boilers which are to be used in the project.
Financing.
The project is expected to cost a total of $1.8 billion. Of this, the Chinese consortium bore 20% of the cost ($356.4 million) while the remaining 80% ($1.4256 billion) was be financed by a loan from the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
Tariff.
The Government of Pakistan will purchase electricity from the plant at a tariff of 8.3601 US Cents/kWh.
Is Sahiwal a suitable site for this project?
Sahiwal is located in the Central Punjab, Pakistan with a very productive agrarian land of extreme fertility. This raises in the minds of people concerned, a critical question related to the site of the project and the possible risks linked with pollution and soil fertility decline.
The answers to such questions might be a bit scientific but easily understandable.
Though thermal poweplants which involve coal as the main burning substance increase the risk factors of pollution but certain precautions can minimize the harmful effects resulting from the thermal procedures. For this purpose, modern electrostatic precipitator and desulphurization technology has been fitted in this project which will take care of the quality of air by eliminating dust particles, ash and sulphur contents from the outgoing flowing gas. An anti seepage ash yard has been built in the system to prevent ash water from entering the ground. Furthermore, the most advanced air quality monitoring system has been fitted in the site to monitor and maintain the air quality of the surroundings.
The question related to the disturbance in the balance of water supply for agriculture is answered by the logic that only 60,000 cubic metres of water per day from Lower Bari Doab is needed for complete operation of the plant which does not have any impact on the water being used for agrarian purposes of the surrounding agricultural land.
So, Sahiwal proves to be a very suitable site for Coal Power Plant despite the concerns of some people.


Graveyard Fields

Graveyard Fields is the name of a flat mountain valley in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina. The valley, itself over 5,000 feet in elevation, is surrounded by mountains exceeding 6,000 feet in elevation, such as Black Balsam Knob, Tennent Mountain, and Sam Knob. These high peaks form the source of the Yellowstone Prong of the Pigeon River, which flows through Graveyard Fields valley.
The valley's name may originate from a time when a great windstorm fell hundreds of spruce and fir trees on its slopes. These moss-covered stumps resembled graves. Another theory says that extensive logging during the early 1900s left stumps behind. Mosses and lichens grew on the stumps, resembling an overgrown graveyard.
Later, during the time when this area was logged, major forest fires swept through the area. These fires devastated the entire valley, and heated the soil enough to sterilize it. Even now, plants have difficulty growing in the fire-ravaged soils, although some trees, shrubs, and grasslands are slowly beginning to thrive.


Luddenham railway station

Luddenham railway station is a proposed station on the Western Sydney Airport line that will serve Luddenham. It is scheduled to open in 2026.
References.
[[Category:Sydney Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations scheduled to open in 2026]]


Daniel Balch

Daniel Balch (died November 30, 1790) was an American clock maker. He is perhaps best known for his exquisite workmanship, his high quantity of extant samples, and a particular piece that was sold at Sotheby's to Leigh Keno for over $55,000.
Daniel's ancestor, John Balch, first came to America in 1623. Not much is known about Daniel Balch's life, but it is likely he was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts in the first half of the 18th century. He signed his work "Dan Balch", and may have spent time in nearby Newbury, Massachusetts. He would later die in Newburyport (1790), and is interred in Old Hill Burying Ground.
His extant work tends to be from the 1760s. In 1789, shortly before his death, he bequeathed his Balch coat of arms to his eldest son, also named Daniel.
Some of his work can be seen at the Cushing House Museum and Garden in Newburyport.


Gannawarra Energy Storage System

Gannawarra Energy Storage System (GESS) is a grid-connected energy storage system adjacent to the Gannawarra Solar Farm in Wandella in the Shire of Gannawarra, 14km west of Kerang.
The Gannawarra Energy Storage System was partially funded by grants from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency and the Victorian Government. It is owned by Wirsol and Edify Energy and operated by EnergyAustralia. The batteries were provided by Tesla, Inc. and Engineering, procurement and construction was provided by RCR Tomlinson. It helps to ease the demand on a constrained transmission line and balances higher levels of renewable energy on the grid. It first exported electricity to the grid in October 2018.


Skyline Towers collapse

On March 2, 1973, the 26-story Skyline Plaza condominium building, under construction in Bailey's Crossroads in Fairfax County, Virginia, collapsed, killing 14 construction workers and injuring 35 others.
History.
The construction of the Skyline Plaza began in the early 1970s. The site was just south of Bailey's Crossroads in Northern Virginia, on the site of the Washington-Virginia Airport. It sat on a prime piece of real estate that bordered both Seminary Road and Route 7.
Skyline Center, location of Skyline Plaza, was going to be one of the largest complexes in Northern Virginia at the time. The building that collapsed was to have contained 468 condominium apartments.
The building was set to open in August 1973. All condominium apartments had been sold and ranged in price from $23,000 to $62,000 according to the sales office.
Skyline Plaza was the second major fatal accident involving Smith projects within five years. In June 1968, two floors caved in at a Crystal City office building, killing three men and injuring 29 others. Arlington County investigated the 1968 incident and blamed the accident on insufficient wooden shoring to hold up concrete being poured to form the floor above it.
Martin Lowton, 56, of Alexandria, Virginia, was inside the Skyline Plaza Tower 1 when it collapsed in 1973. He huddled under a fourth-floor staircase as concrete fell around him. He was able to escape after digging himself out of knee-deep rubble. Lowton said he was also on the construction crew at the Crystal City building collapse in 1968.
Collapse.
The building collapsed while shoring was being removed from newly poured concrete between the 22nd and 23rd floors of the building, and more concrete was being placed on the 24th floor. A climbing crane on the 24th floor fell to the ground in the collapse. It was initially falsely assumed that the collapse was related to the fall of the crane. The collapse left a gap wide in the building from top to bottom, leaving it looking like two separate buildings.
A Fairfax County police officer witnessed the collapse and radioed the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) at 2:18 p.m. Units responded from Fairfax County, Arlington County and Alexandria, Virginia.
According to local officials, 55 men were working in the area. The day following the collapse, it was speculated that the cave-in stretched all the way to the second or third basement floor.
Cause.
Fairfax County hired Professor Ingvar Schoushoe of the University of Illinois, Urbana, a civil engineer, to investigate the cause of the collapse. He determined that the collapse occurred because of the premature removal of shoring from beneath newly poured floors.
George Taylor, a workman for Northwest Sheet Metal, Inc., claimed that workmen were pulling concrete supports "out too fast. They're trying to hustle the job too fast."
Costs.
Marvin Dekelboum, executive vice president for the Smith Co., estimated the property damage at $12.5 million of the $24 million apartment building.
The concrete subcontractor at the Skyline Plaza condominium complex, Miller & Long's vice president Roger Gilbert Arnold was indicted on manslaughter charges for the deaths of Danny Ray White, Clemons Riley Holcomb, and Daniel R. Wilhite. Arnold was charged because, as the senior Miller and Long official present he was responsible for the actions of the men who removed the shoring. The maximum punishment for felony involuntary manslaughter was 1 to 5 years imprisonment. Arnold was later acquitted of all charges.
Miller & Long was fined $300 for failing to use adequate shoring beneath newly poured concrete floors. It was ruled by a judge that the building's owner, the Charles E. Smith Co., could not be held criminally responsible for the actions of its subcontractors.
Federal officials charged Miller & Long $13,000 for violations of worker safety codes.
Fairfax County barred resumption of construction at the site for 16 months following the accident. Permission to resume construction was later granted. Work resumed in July 1974 and was completed in 1977.


Misao Jo

 was a Japanese textile artist, weaver, and educator. She was born in Sakai, Osaka Prefecture. She is famous for establishing the modern Japanese style of weaving known as Saori, as well as a philosophical framework for weaving which included Zen philosophy.


Spanish battleship Alfonso XIII

Alfonso XIII was the second of three dreadnought battleships built in the 1910s for the Spanish Navy. Named after King Alfonso XIII of Spain, the ship was not completed until 1915 owing to a shortage of materials that resulted from the start of World War I the previous year. The "España" class was ordered as part of a naval construction program to rebuild the fleet after the losses of the Spanish–American War; the program began in the context of closer Spanish relations with Britain and France. The ships were armed with a main battery of eight guns and were intended to support the French Navy in the event of a major European war.
Despite the reason for the ships' construction, Spain remained neutral during World War I. "Alfonso XIII"s early career passed largely uneventfully with routine training exercises in Spanish waters, though she was used to assist civilian vessels in distress and to suppress civil unrest in Spain. In the 1920s, she took part in the Rif War in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, where her sister was wrecked. In 1931, Alfonso XIII was deposed and the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed; the new republic sought to erase remnants of the royal order, and so "Alfonso XIII" was renamed España. As part of cost-cutting measures, the ship was then reduced to reserve. Plans to modernize "España" and her sister in the mid-1930s came to nothing when the Spanish coup of July 1936 initiated the Spanish Civil War.
At the start of the conflict, the crew murdered the ship's officers and attempted to resist the Nationalist rebels in Ferrol, but after the Nationalists seized coastal artillery batteries, they surrendered. "España" then became the core of the Nationalist fleet and she was used to enforce a blockade of the north coast of Spain, frequently patrolling and stopping freighters that attempted to enter the Republican-controlled ports of Gijón, Santander, and Bilbao. During these operations on 30 April 1937, she was fatally damaged when she accidentally struck a mine that had been laid by a Nationalist minelayer. Most of her crew was evacuated by the destroyer before "España" capsized and sank; only four were killed in the sinking. The wreck was discovered and examined in 1984.
Design.
Following the destruction of much of the Spanish fleet in the Spanish–American War of 1898, the Spanish Navy began a series of failed attempts to begin the process of rebuilding. After the First Moroccan Crisis strengthened Spain's ties to Britain and France and public support for rearmament increased in its aftermath, the Spanish government came to an agreement with those countries for a plan of mutual defense. In exchange for British and French support for Spain's defense, the Spanish fleet would support the French Navy in the event of war with the Triple Alliance. A strengthened Spanish fleet was thus in the interests of Britain and France, which accordingly provided technical assistance in the development of modern warships, the contracts for which were awarded to the Spanish firm (SECN), which was formed by the British shipbuilders Vickers, Armstrong Whitworth, and John Brown & Company. The vessels were authorized some six months after the British had completed the "all-big-gun" , and after discarding plans to build pre-dreadnought-type battleships, the naval command quickly decided to build their own dreadnoughts.
"Alfonso XIII" was long at the waterline and long overall. She had a beam of and a draft of ; her freeboard was amidships. The ship displaced as designed and up to at full load. Her propulsion system consisted of four-shaft Parsons steam turbines driving four screw propellers, with steam provided by twelve Yarrow boilers. The engines were rated at and produced a top speed of . "Alfonso XIII" had a cruising radius of at a speed of . Her crew consisted of 854 officers and enlisted men.
"Alfonso XIII" was armed with a main battery of eight 50-caliber guns, mounted in four twin gun turrets. One turret was placed forward, two were positioned en echelon amidships, and the fourth was aft of the superstructure. This mounting scheme was chosen in preference to superfiring turrets, as was done in the American s, to save weight and cost. For defense against torpedo boats, she carried a secondary battery that consisted of twenty guns mounted individually in casemates along the length of the hull. They were too close to the waterline, however, making them unusable in heavy seas. She was also armed with four 3-pounder guns and two machine guns. Her armored belt was thick amidships; the main battery turrets were protected with the same amount of armor plate. The conning tower had thick sides. Her armored deck was thick.
Service history.
Early career.
The keel for "Alfonso XIII" was laid down at the SECN shipyard in Ferrol on 23 February 1910 and her completed hull was launched on 7 May 1913. Fitting-out work was delayed by the start of World War I in July 1914, since much of the equipment, including her guns and fire-control systems, were supplied by British manufacturers that were now occupied with production for the British war effort. "Alfonso XIII" was completed on 16 August 1915, albeit with an improvised fire-control system that was secured through neutral countries. After Italy, a member of the Triple Alliance, declared neutrality at the start of the war, Spain followed suit, since the participation of its fleet in the pre-war agreements with Britain and France had been predicated on the need to reinforce the French fleet against the combined Italian and Austro-Hungarian navies. After entering service, "Alfonso XIII" sailed with her sister to Santander, where the ship's namesake, King Alfonso XIII was aboard his yacht "Giralda". The two battleships then took part in training exercises off Galicia. At the end of the year, "Alfonso XIII"s crew won the Spanish Christmas Lottery.
The peacetime routine of the Spanish fleet included training exercises, frequently held off Galicia, and a fleet review off Santander during the King's usual summer vacation there. The year 1916 passed uneventfully until September, when "Alfonso XIII" joined the search for the destroyer , which had encountered severe weather in the Bay of Biscay and had been disabled by storm damage. The battleship assisted the tugboat "Antelo" in April 1917 after the latter vessel had run aground off Cabo Prior. The tug had been carrying a load of mines, which "Alfonso XIII" took aboard to lighten "Antelo" so she could be pulled free. By this time, socialist and anarchist groups in Spain campaigned for a general strike and a revolution against the monarchy, prompting the military governor of Bilbao to request "Alfonso XIII"s presence to help restore order in August. The ship's landing party went ashore to guard a rail line and several mines. In a clash with revolutionaries, one man from the ship's crew was killed and several were injured, while twenty-two revolutionaries were arrested and held aboard the ship. "Alfonso XIII" again helped to suppress striking workers in early 1919, when, after having sailed to Barcelona for the commissioning of the submarine , she arrived in the midst of the La Canadiense strike against the Barcelona Traction company. "Alfonso XIII" again sent men ashore to protect the company during the strike that lasted for forty-four days.
In 1920, the Spanish Navy embarked on a series of long-distances cruises to show the flag, in part to demonstrate its growing power. "Alfonso XIII" was sent to tour the Caribbean Sea and visit the United States, departing Ferrol for Havana, Cuba, by way of a stop in the Canary Islands on 22 June. On arriving in Havana on 9 July, she met an enthusiastic reception that belied the Cuban rebellion against Spanish rule in the 1890s. "Alfonso XIII" then steamed to Puerto Rico, which had also been part of the Spanish colonial empire until the war of 1898, and where the ship was also warmly received. The ship also visited Annapolis in the United States; the unprotected cruiser , a former Spanish cruiser that had been captured during the war with the United States and commissioned into the US Navy, flew the Spanish flag to honor her visit. "Alfonso XIII" concluded the tour with a stop in New York City in mid-October, after which she re-crossed the Atlantic, arriving back in Spain in November. In April 1921, the ship visited Lisbon, Portugal, during ceremonies held to commemorate the country's soldiers who had been killed during World War I.
Rif War.
Throughout the early 1920s, she provided naval fire support to the Spanish Army in its campaigns in Morocco during the Rif War that had broken out in mid-1921. At the start of the conflict on 16 July 1921, "Alfonso XIII" was operating on the northern coast of Spain. She took on a full stock of coal at Santander on 22 July and immediately got underway to provide gunfire support to Spanish forces in the colony. She arrived off Melilla on 10 August and began shelling rebel positions the next day. Her landing party went ashore to reinforce the Spanish soldiers in the area. On 17 September, she and "España" bombarded Rif positions south of Melilla while Spanish Foreign Legion troops assaulted the positions. "Alfonso XIII" continued to operate off the coast of Spanish Morocco through 1922, including a bombardment of Rif artillery batteries that were being used to target coastal shipping. The batteries scored several hits on the ship, but she was not significantly damaged and her crew suffered no casualties.
In August 1923, she participated in the first combined arms operation in Spanish military history that included aircraft, warships, and ground forces operating together. The fleet was used to support an amphibious assault at Melilla. On 26 August, during the operation, "España" was wrecked off Cape Tres Forcas. "Alfonso XIII" came alongside to take off her crew, ammunition, and other supplies to lighten the vessel so she could be pulled free. Over the next year, work continued to refloat the vessel that ended in failure when a storm destroyed the ship in November 1924. During this period, tensions over the European colonial holdings in North Africa—predominantly stoked by Italy's fascist leader Benito Mussolini over the perceived lack of prizes for Italy's eventual participation in World War I on the side of the Entente—had led to a rapprochement between Italy and Spain in 1923, which was at that time ruled by the dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera. Primo de Rivera sent a fleet consisting of "Alfonso XIII", her sister , the light cruiser , two destroyers, and four submarines to visit the Italian fleet in late 1923. They departed Valencia on 16 November and stopped in La Spezia and Naples, arriving back in Barcelona on 30 November.
By 1925, the Rif rebels had widened the war by attacking French positions in neighboring French Morocco. Spain and France planned a major landing at Alhucemas, consisting of some 13,000 soldiers, 11 tanks, and 160 aircraft, to attack the core rebel territory in September. The Spanish Navy supplied "Alfonso XIII", "Jaime I", four cruisers, the seaplane tender "Dédalo", and several smaller craft, with "Alfonso XIII" serving as the Spanish flagship. The French added the battleship , two cruisers, and several other vessels. Both fleets provided gunfire support as the ground forces landed on 8 September; the amphibious assault was a success, and after heavy fighting over the next two years, the Rifian rebels were defeated.
Decommissioning and planned modernization.
After completing the annual training routine in 1927, "Alfonso XIII" embarked her namesake and his wife Victoria Eugenie in September for a cruise along the coast of Galicia. They returned to the ship in October to visit Ceuta and Melilla in North Africa, where rebellions against Spanish rule had recently been suppressed. "Alfonso XIII" was escorted by the cruisers "Reina Victoria Eugenia" and and the destroyer . "Alfonso XIII" participated in a fleet review with British, French, Italian, and Portuguese warships during the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition that began in May and continued until January 1930. By this time, the effects of the Great Depression had spurred significant domestic opposition to the regime of Primo de Rivera, leading to his resignation on 28 January, and ultimately to Alfonso XIII's exile in April 1931. On 17 April, three days after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic, the new government ordered "Alfonso XIII" renamed "España".
Immediately thereafter, the new government began a series of cost-cutting measures to offset the deficits that had been incurred during the Rif War, and as a result, both "España" and "Jaime I" were placed in reserve in Ferrol on 15 June 1931. "España" was decommissioned on 15 November and remained out of service for the next five years, during which time some of her secondary battery and anti-aircraft guns were removed for use ashore. By the early 1930s, the warming of Spanish relations with Italy proved to be short-lived, owing to Alfonso XIII's choice of Rome as his residence in exile and the Spanish government's preference for republican France over Fascist Italy. Plans to modernize the "España"-class battleships traced their origin to the 1920s, but the increased risk of conflict with Italy by the mid-1930s put increased pressure to begin the work. One proposal, advanced in 1934, advocated rebuilding the ships into analogs to the German s with new oil-fired boilers. The ships' hulls would have been lengthened, and the main battery turrets rearranged so they would all be on the centerline. The ships' secondary batteries would have been replaced with dual-purpose (DP) guns. The plan ultimately came to nothing, the result of financial weakness during the Great Depression and continued political instability.
The finalized plan for "España" and "Jaime I" involved increasing the height of the wing turrets' barbettes, improving their fields of fire and allowing them to fire over the new secondary battery, which was to consist of twelve 120 mm DP guns placed on the upper deck in open mounts. A new anti-aircraft battery of either ten or eight guns were to be fitted. Other changes were to be made to improve fire-control systems, increase crew accommodation spaces, and install anti-torpedo bulges, among other improvements. Work was slated to begin in early 1937, and a limited refit was conducted in 1935–1936 in preparation for her recommissioning. Her fore and aft turrets were restored to operational status (though the wing turrets remained out of service) and her boilers were re-tubed. The scheduled modernization was interrupted by the Spanish coup of July 1936, which plunged the country into the Spanish Civil War.
Spanish Civil War and loss.
When the coup, led by Francisco Franco, against the Republican government began on 17 July, "España" was at anchor in Ferrol, in use as a barracks ship. After a brief period of uncertainty, Lieutenant Commander Gabriel Rozas, the acting commander of "España", ordered a landing party to go ashore, though he refused to explain his intentions, prompting elements of the crew to murder Rozas and several other officers. They then went ashore to assist the Republican forces attempting to break into the Ferrol Arsenal, then held by Nationalist rebels. They were repulsed by Nationalist fire and returned to the ship. Some army detachments, including some coastal artillery units around the harbor, sided with Franco. The destroyer also defected to the Nationalist side. An artillery duel between the batteries and "Velasco" on the Nationalist side and "España" and the cruiser , the crew of which also decided to side with the government, resulted in considerable destruction in the harbor and significant damage to "Velasco". After two days of fighting, the crews of "España" and "Almirante Cervera" reached a negotiated settlement with the Nationalists who had gained control of the harbor, surrendering their vessels to the Nationalists.
With the shipyard under Nationalist control, work began to ready "España" for offensive operations as quickly as possible. She set sail on 12 August; by that time, her wing turrets were still not operational, and she carried only twelve of her 102 mm guns. The crew was composed of volunteers and cadets from the Escuela Naval Militar (Naval Academy) in Marín. In company with "Almirante Cervera" and the repaired "Velasco", she patrolled the coast of Cantabria and enforced a blockade of the northern coast of Spain. The Republican government designated the ships as pirate vessels on 14 August, while they patrolled as far east as the French border. On 15 August, "España" bombarded Republican positions in Gijón, which housed significant industrial resources. She and "Almirante Cervera" then shelled fortifications in Gipuzkoa that blocked the advance of Nationalist forces; over the span of the next few days, she fired 102 shells from her main battery. The ship returned to Ferrol on 20 August, where her port wing turret was returned to service.
On 25 August, "España" sortied in company with "Velasco" to make further attacks on the Republican-held coast between Santander and San Sebastián. They captured the Republican freighter () on 26 August and later seized the small fishing boat "Peñas" (209 GRT) before returning to Ferrol on 1 September. She sortied again to bombard Gijón again shortly thereafter and arrived back in Ferrol to be dry-docked for maintenance on 14 September. In response to these attacks, the Republicans sent a flotilla of five submarines from the Mediterranean, though one was sunk by Nationalist forces en route. They also briefly deployed "Jaime I", a pair of light cruisers, and six destroyers to Gijón, arriving on 25 September, but the squadron departed already on 13 October without having engaged "España" or any other elements of the Nationalist fleet. "España" was still dry-docked during this period, and she was ready to go to sea again by mid-October. On the 21st, she captured a pair of fishing boats—"Apagador" (210 GRT) and "Musel" (165 GRT)—and on 30 October, she seized the freighter (3,314 GRT). Early that morning, while "España" was on patrol, the submarine launched four torpedoes at the ship in two attacks, but all four missed. The battleship seized another freighter the next day: (2,667 GRT).
"España" underwent a refit in November that included the installation of four German-supplied SK C/30 anti-aircraft guns and their corresponding fire-control directors and a pair of Flak 30 autocannon. She returned to service by December for further attacks on the Republican coast. On 20 December, she attacked El Musel, the port of Gijón, where the Republican destroyer and other Republican vessels were anchored. She was joined in the attack by "Velasco" and the auxiliary cruisers and , though they failed to sink the Republican ships. On 30 December, "España" shelled the lighthouse at Cabo Mayor near Santander. Republican bombers attacked Ferrol in early January 1937 but inflicted little damage. At the same time, the Republicans laid a series of defensive minefields off Gijón and Santander. "España" captured the Norwegian freighter (3,105 GRT) on 22 January and three days later, she seized the coaster "Alejandro" (345 GRT). The ship, escorted again by "Velasco", carried out another bombardment of Bilbao in February. "España" seized the Republican freighter with a cargo of iron ore on 13 February.
After returning to Ferrol, she once again entered the dry dock for maintenance that lasted until 3 March. Another patrol along the northern coast followed immediately after "España" emerged from the dry dock and on 8 March, she stopped the freighter (2,733 GRT). While on patrol on 30 March, she encountered "José Luis Díez" but neither side pressed the attack. The next day, she captured the merchant ship (3,481 GRT); during the seizure, a group of Republican aircraft attacked the ship but inflicted no damage. She also came under fire from coastal artillery that day, but again emerged unscathed. The battleship returned to shell El Musel on 13 April in another failed attempt to sink "José Luis Díez". During her patrols in March and April, she repeatedly encountered units of the Royal Navy that had been sent to ensure that British-flagged vessels safely passed through the Nationalist blockade. A pair of these incidents took place on 30 April; while searching for blockade runners off Santander, "España" and "Velasco" encountered the British steamer , which was fired upon by "España" and forced to sail away, assisted by the destroyer HMS "Forester".
Later that morning, at around 07:00, the Nationalist vessels spotted the British steamer . "Velasco" fired warning shots to force the freighter to alter course, but when "España" turned to support "Velasco", she inadvertently entered one of the minefields that Nationalist minelayers had set in an attempt to block the port. She struck one of the mines at 07:15, which detonated against her port side engine room and boiler room, tearing a large hole in the hull and causing significant flooding. "España" took on a list to port but remained afloat for some time, which allowed "Velasco" to come alongside and evacuate most of her crew, apart from three men who had been killed by the mine explosion. A fourth man died of his wounds aboard "Velasco". During the evacuation, Republican aircraft launched three strikes on the vessels, but anti-aircraft gunners aboard both ships successfully drove them off. By around 08:30, "España"s crew had been taken off. Her list was increasing, and by the time "Velasco" departed, her decks were awash. Shortly thereafter, she capsized to port and sank.
Wreck.
In May 1984, divers from the Spanish Navy's salvage vessel located "España"s wreck at a depth of about , lying upside down, displaying the large hole created by the mine explosion. Contemporary, official reports from the Nationalist government claimed that the sinking had been the result of a Republican mine that had broken loose from its mooring, but an examination of the wreck proved that it had been a Nationalist mine, making the loss of "España" one of the largest self-inflicted casualties in naval history. Several proposals to raise the wreck to be scrapped have been made since her discovery, but the cost of such an enterprise have prevented any work being done.


Tinemaha Reservoir

Tinemaha Reservoir is a reservoir created by a dam on the Owens River in the Owens Valley. It is located in Inyo County, eastern California.
It is part of the Los Angeles Aqueduct system, operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.
The 1938 western film "Under Western Stars" starring Roy Rogers was filmed here.
The reservoir is a hotspot for migratory birds, particularly waterfowl and shorebirds like loons and American white pelicans. Tundra swans can be found wintering at the reservoir.


Development in the Americas

Development in the Americas (DIA) is the flagship publication series of the Inter-American Development Bank. Published annually, the report contains the results of research compiled over a span of two to three years related to economic development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Reports have included topics such as tax systems, education, public spending, childhood development, productive development policy, saving, information technology, productivity, and quality of life.
Development in the Americas 2018.
The 2018 DIA, "Better Spending for Better Lives," analyzes government spending in Latin America and the Caribbean. The research details widespread waste and inefficiencies that could be as large as 4.4 percent of the region’s GDP, suggesting there is room to improve services without increasing expenditures. The report provides policy recommendations on how to improve the efficiency of government spending. It argues against across-the-board cuts and suggests countries re-align their spending to meet priorities, including taking into account if given expenditures increase or decrease inequality.
Development in the Americas 2017.
The 2017 DIA, "Learning Better: Public Policy for Skills Development," documents the state of education in Latin America and the Caribbean, finding deficiencies in education which include years of completed schooling, educational attainment, academic achievement as measured by PISA scores, and equality in access to education. These deficiencies in turn result in skills deficits that impede countries’ attempts to shrink a large informal sector and their efforts to participate in a knowledge economy. The report advocates increasing efficiency in educational spending and support of lifelong learning through apprenticeships and on-the-job training as well as formal education.
Development in the Americas 2016.
The 2016 DIA, "Saving for Development: How Latin America and the Caribbean Can Save More and Better," documents the longstanding problem of the region’s low savings rates, including domestic savings. The report identifies three systemic sources of low saving: small and inefficient financial sectors, private pension funds that fail to encourage adequate worker contributions, and governments’ tendency to favor current spending to the detriment of public investment. In addition to systemic improvements, the report advocates the promotion of financial literacy to increase saving.


Samuel Diescher

Samuel Diescher (June 25, 1839 – December 24, 1915) was a prominent civil and mechanical engineer.
Biography.
Born in Budapest, Diescher was educated at Karlsruhe Polytechnique and the University of Zurich. Emigrating to the United States in 1866, he settled in Cincinnati, where he built his first inclined plane. He came to Pittsburgh and was associated with John Endres, the builder of the Monongahela Incline. In 1872, he married Endres's daughter, Caroline Endres, at the St. Paul German Evangelical Church in Cincinnati, Ohio. She was one of the first female engineers in the United States. Thereafter, the Dieschers made their home on Mount Washington. His sons entered into partnership with him in 1901, under the name of Samuel Diescher & Sons.
Diescher designed water works, industrial buildings and plants, coal handling equipment, furnaces for the steel industry, and miscellaneous machinery for tasks ranging from soap making to steel fabrication to sugar beet processing. He also designed the majority of inclined planes in the United States, including numerous inclines in Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania. The most notable of these is the Duquesne Incline which has become a popular tourist attraction in the city of Pittsburgh. Other works attributed to him include the Castle Shannon Incline, the Castle Shannon South Incline, Penn Incline, Fort Pitt Incline, Troy Hill Incline (more probably designed by Gustav Lindenthal), Nunnery Hill Incline, Clifton Incline, Ridgewood Incline (alternatively credited to J. Ford Mackenzie) and the Johnstown Inclined Plane; as well as inclines in Wheeling, WV, Cleveland, OH, Duluth, MN, Orange, NJ, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Girardot and Camboa, Colombia. He was the chief engineer for the Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Railroad.
He also designed the machinery for the famous Ferris wheel at the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and an energy generating plant for the U. S. Wave Power Company in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
He was active in highway engineering and street-railway construction, and he was well known for designing and building coal-washing plants, coke works, water works, machine shops, and rolling mills. He retired in 1908 and died on December 24, 1915.


Guiqiao Road station

Guiqiao Road () is a station under construction on the future Line 14 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at the intersection of Jinsui Road and Chuanqiao Road in Pudong, the station will serve as the eastern terminus of the line and is scheduled to open with the rest of Line 14 in 2020. Previously, this station was given the name Jinsui Road.


Campbell Apartment

The Campbell is a bar and cocktail lounge in Grand Central Terminal in New York City. The space, long known as the Campbell Apartment, was once the office of American financier John W. Campbell, a member of the New York Central Railroad's board of directors. It was later used as office space, as a studio by CBS and as a jail by Metro-North Railroad. Renovations in 1999 and 2007 restored the space to its original opulence at a total cost of nearly $2 million. Temporarily closed in 2016, the bar was reopened the following year under new management.
Located in the southwestern corner of the Grand Central Terminal building—above the northeastern corner of 42nd Street and Vanderbilt Avenue—the space is reached by a staircase from the terminal's balcony level.
History.
The space was first leased in 1923 by John Campbell from William Kissam Vanderbilt II, whose family built the Terminal. The space was a single room long by wide with a ceiling and an enormous faux fireplace in which Campbell kept a steel safe. At that time, it was the largest ground-floor space in Manhattan. Campbell commissioned Augustus N. Allen, an architect known for designing estates on Long Island and town houses in Manhattan, to build an opulent office, transforming the room into a 13th-century Florentine palace with a hand-painted plaster of paris ceiling, leaded windows, and a mahogany balcony with a quatrefoil design. The Persian carpet that took up the entire floor was said to have cost $300,000, or roughly $3.5 million today. Campbell added a piano and pipe organ, and at night turned his office into a reception hall, entertaining 50 or 60 friends who came to hear famous musicians play private recitals. He had a butler named Stackhouse.
After Campbell's death in 1957, the rug and other furnishings disappeared from his office and the space eventually became a signalman's office and later an MTA Police office, where officers stored guns and other equipment. It also had a small jail, in the area of the present-day bar.
After falling into disrepair, the space was restored and renovated in 1999. The walls and ceiling were brought back to their former glory and the original steel safe, once hidden behind a wall, now sits in the massive fireplace as a reminder of Campbell's wealth. The new bar is done in the same quatrefoil mahogany style as the balcony. The renovation cost an estimated $1.5 million. A 2006 renovation replaced a largely blue palette with a largely red one, including new carpet, bar stools and chairs. To avoid closing for even one night, it took place in less than 12 hours and cost $350,000.
The Campbell Apartment lost its lease in June 2016 after a protracted battle with its landlord and closed its doors at the end of the following month.
In May 2017, the bar reopened as The Campbell.
Popular culture.
The Campbell Apartment was seen in the premiere episode of "Gossip Girl" in 2007.
The bar is mentioned in Nell Zink's novel "Doxology".