Bremen Hauptbahnhof

Bremen Hauptbahnhof (German for "Bremen main station") is a railway station in the city of Bremen in northwestern Germany. It is the most important rail station for both the city and state of Bremen; InterCityExpress, Intercity, EuroCity, CityNightLine and DB NachtZug services call at the station, which is situated to the Northeast of the city centre. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn, NordWestBahn, Metronom and Erixx.
History.
Bremen's first train station was opened in 1847 on the site of today's station, on the line to Hanover. Later, lines leading to Vegesack (Bremen-Vegesack–Bremen line), Bremerhaven (then "Wesermünde", Bremen–Bremerhaven line), Oldenburg and Uelzen (Uelzen–Langwedel railway) were connected to the station. In 1870, the Köln-Mindener Eisenbahn, opening its Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg line ("Rollbahn"), built another station some hundred metres north of the old station, since the old station could not cope with the additional Rollbahn traffic. Eventually, it was decided that a single station would be better, and so today's station was built from 1886 to 1891 after plans by Hubert Stier, with sculptures by Diedrich Samuel Kropp and Carl Dopmeyer. In 1907, additional tracks were added. Whilst the station hall has been remodeled several times due to war damage and modernisation, its basic outline still resembles the original 1880s building.
The station hall was thoroughly renovated in the late 1990s and early 2000s, merging the two formerly separated passenger tunnels into a single concourse. Since 1973, it is protected by the monument protection act. The station's platforms, however, were only partially renovated, but are expected to be refurbished from 2008 on for €12.6 million.
Train services.
The following services currently call at the station:
Operational usage.
The station sees 100 long-distance and 410 regional trains per day. About 100,000 passengers per day use the station.
The station features nine platform tracks, of which seven are in the station hall. In the hall, two tracks serve as through tracks for freight traffic. The station is electrified since 1964 and has been thoroughly modernised during the late 1990s. Both the passenger and mail subways, which used to be separate, were joined together and the station's subway now features a rich selection of shops and food halls, akin to a shopping mall. The platforms have been partly modernised as well (most notably platforms 5 and 6, which carry most of the southbound long distance traffic), and lifts have been put in.
Trains usually depart from:
The station is connected to the Bremen tramway network operated by BSAG by a large, six-track tram station in front of the main hall.
Decorations.
The sculptures on the façade, among other railway-related symbolisms, depict the coats of arms of the cities of Bremen and Hamburg, the original destinations of the line.
There is a large mural inside the station's main hall, dating back to the 1950s and showing scenes from the city port. It went into oblivion when it was drywalled off and station announcement boards were put over it in the 1970s, but has been carefully renovated at the station's most recent interior overhaul and is now viewable to the public again.


Premier Street Sewer Vent and Cottages

Premier Street Sewer Vent and Cottages is a heritage-listed sewer vent and cottages at 24 and 26 Premier Street, Marrickville, Inner West Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by the New South Wales Public Works Department, which built it from 1898 to 1900. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 15 November 2002.
History.
The stack was built by the Public Works Department on the Metropolitan Water Sewerage & Drainage Board's behalf as part of the Western Suburbs Sewerage Scheme, put into service 1898-1900. The steel access door in the base of the stack opens to step-irons leading down to the penstock chamber below. The chamber is the junction of three sewer mains, the Eastern Main Branch (reticulating Marrickville, Petersham, Newtown, Leichhardt, Annandale & Camperdown), the Northern Main Branch (reticulating Marrickville, Petersham, Annandale, Leichhardt & Ashfield) and the Western Main Branch (reticulating Ashfield, Burwood, Drummoyne, Strathfield, Concord and Homebush). The Outfall Main originally led to the sewage farm at Rockdale, but from 1916 has been connected to the Southern and Western Suburbs Ocean Outfall Sewer (SWSOOS), terminating at the Long Bay treatment works at Malabar.
The stack was truncated by in 2017 to meet current earthquake and wind loading codes. A large crack in the vent was also repaired at the same time.
The cottages were sold by Sydney Water in 2018.
Description.
A pair of Queen Anne Revival workers cottages flank the 1898 brick sewer vent stack, which is sited amongst detached late Victorian and turn of the 20th century dwellings. The cottages form part of a fairly diverse architectural character streetscape, many of which are substantially intact, although late 20th century alterations have affected a few dwellings in the immediate visual catchment.
The brick stack is constructed of moulded bricks, with an overall classical proportion, detailing and entasis to the shaft. The shaft is presently fitted with steel bands as extra support fitted in the late 20th century. It appears as though a concrete band towards the capital of the shaft is a mid to late 20th century alteration but that is to be confirmed.
The construction of the cottages is load bearing brick in English bond with original timber joinery including: windows, doors, turned timber verandah posts and boarded verandah ends, Marseilles pattern terracotta tiles, brick chimneys and terracottag chimney pots. Internally the cottages are also substantially intact retaining much of their original finishes and joinery. The front fence is a conservation of the original.
No. 24 is the western cottage to the vent shaft. The lattice in the front garden of no. 24 is from the late 20th century.
In the early 1990s the two cottages were subject to a high quality programme of conservation works including authentic colour scheme which survives today.
The cottages and vent shaft are integral to the streetscape characteristics of the immediate area, and are in themselves excellent examples of their type, design and construction from that period.
Both the cottages and the shaft are substantially intact and are still used for their original purposes as dwellings and vent shaft although not necessarily as workers cottages from the Water Board. This is in itself a rarity in Sydney Water's system.
The vent shaft is a landmark particularly from the south west to the south eastern areas, as it is sited in an elevated position towards the southern side of the rise.
Heritage listing.
A rare, if not unique, combination of Queen Anne revival brick Water Board cottages and sewer vent exhibiting excellent qualities of the brick and stonemasons craft, the likes of which are not probable to be reproduced again.
Sewer Vent and Cottages was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 15 November 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
The cottages are tangible reminders of the historical importance employees were valued at the time of its construction. The vent stack historically is strategically placed at the junction of the western main sewer branches.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The vent stack is a prominent landmark within the area surrounding the cottages. The cottages and vent stack in themselves make a high quality contribution to the residential streetscape of Premier Street.
The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The cottages and vent stack are classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW) and with this group are likely to be held in high regard by members of the local community.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The cottages and sewer vent exhibit construction techniques and detailing, the quality of which is unlikely to be reproduced.
The vent is a prime strategic position for the function it plays in the maintenance and operation of the sewer main.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
They are collectively as a pair, unique examples of their type of vent and cottages in Sydney Water's system and rare, if not unique in NSW.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
The cottages, albeit of a high quality, are representative of the Queen Anne style of architecture around the turn of the 20th century.


Egbert H. Gold Estate

The Egbert H. Gold Estate, also known as the Marigold Lodge, is a summer estate located at 1116 Hazel Avenue in Holland, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The estate is owned by furniture manufacturer Herman Miller, which uses it as a training center and private hotel for its customers.
History.
Egbert H. Gold was born in 1868 in Cornwall, Connecticut. His family had been designers and manufacturers of steam heating systems; Gold's father invented the first cast-iron radiator. Gold went into the family business, but in 1901 struck out on his own and established a company based in Chicago. In 1913, while yachting with his wife Margaret, Gold anchored in Lake Macatawa and went ashore to explore this peninsula. Seeing potential in the land, he purchased the property in December of that year. He had the land built up, and in 1913 began construction of a lodge on the property. Gold hired architect Thomas Eddy Tallmadge to design the lodge, and H. D. Deam to build it. He named the property "Marigold" after his wife Margaret and daughter Mary Jayne.
Gold was an avid horticulturist, and imported plantings to landscape the grounds and built greenhouses on the property. During the 1920s, Gold expanded and remodeled the lodge, and he continued to visit until his death in 1928. Margaret Gold later met and married opera singer Mischa Thorgevsky, and the family continued to use the estate until her death in 1968. In 1969, Mary Jane Gold, Egbert and Margaret's only surviving child, donated the lodge and grounds to Hope College. However, the high cost of maintenance caused the college to eventually sell the estate to manufacturer Herman Miller in 1978. Herman Miller refurbished and updated the buildings and furnishings, and uses the estate as a training center and private hotel for its customers.
Description.
Marigold Lodge is located on a -acre peninsula which projects into Lake Macatawa. The main house is a two-story Prairie School structure with dark wood and stucco facades. The property also includes a guest house, as gazebo, and other modern structures. The main house has been converted into a visitor's center and hotel by Herman Miller. Other earlier structures have been replaced or reconstructed by Herman Miller.
The main lodge has a low pitched hipped roof covered with brown shingles, penetrated by red brick chimneys and pointed dormers. The facades are faced with stucco, and have horizontal bands of dark wood. The south facade has a one-story enclosed sun porch, now used as a dining room. The east and west facades have smaller enclosed porches. A service and guest wing is attached to the north facade.
Inside the lodge, the first story contains a living room, two dining rooms, a library, and sun porch. The service wing contains a modern kitchen, and office, and an employee lounge. The second story has eight bedrooms, each with attached bathrooms.


Alton Club

Alton Club, also known as the Jerry J. Presley Conservation Education Center, is a historic summer camp and national historic district located in the Current River State Park near Eminence, Shannon County, Missouri. The district encompasses 14 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 6 contributing structures associated with a summer retreat for the employees and customers of the Alton Box Board Company. It developed between about 1937 and 1945 and include the Main Lodge (c. 1938, c. 1985), Classroom / Pool Hall (c. 1940), Lower Dorm (c. 1940), Gymnasium (c. 1940), Barbeque House (c. 1940), Lake House (c. 1940), Manager's Residence (c. 1945), and Entrance Columns (c. 1940).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.


Jesuit Church, Warsaw

The Jesuit Church (), also known as Church of the Gracious Mother of God ("Kościół Matki Bożej Łaskawej"), is an ornate church within the Old Town precinct in Warsaw, Poland. The temple stands on Świętojańska Street, adjacent to St John's Cathedral, and is one of the most notable mannerist-style churches in Warsaw.
History.
The Jesuit Church was founded by King Sigismund III Vasa and "Podkomorzy" Andrzej Bobola (the Old) at Piotr Skarga's initiative, in 1609, for the Jesuits. The main building was constructed between 1609 and 1626 in the Polish Mannerist style by Jan Frankiewicz.
In 1627 the church was encompassed with three chapels, and in 1635 Urszula Meyerin, a great supporter of the Society of Jesus, was buried within. Meyerin funded a silver tabernacle for the church. She was also King Sigismund III's mistress, and was politically influential. Her grave was plundered and destroyed by the Swedes and Brandenburg Germans, in the 1650s, during the Deluge.
A vestibule was added to the interior of the temple in 1633, and a choir was added three years later. An altar made of silver was installed by Cardinal Charles Ferdinand Vasa in the 1640s. The interior of the church was damaged and looted in 1656.
An icon of Our Lady of Graces ("Matka Boża Łaskawa"), a gift from the Pope Innocent X, was introduced to the church and crowned in 1651. Its veneration has been growing, especially since the epidemic in 1664, when Blessed Virgin Mary was believed to save the city.
In later years the building became more and more ornate, with baroque furnishings and marble altars and floors. Two more chapels were added. When the order of Jesuits was dissolved in 1773, the church changed ownership several times. For some time it was a school church, later it was demoted to the role of the magazine of church furnishings, and then it was given to the order of Piarists. The Jesuits did not get the church back until the end of the First World War. In the 1920s and 1930s the church was renovated.
During World War II, after the Germans suppressed the Warsaw Uprising, they razed the Jesuit Church to the ground.
 All that remained of the four-hundred-year-old edifice was a great pile of rubble. Between the 1950s and 1973, the church was rebuilt in a simplified architectural style.
Interior.
The facade is Mannerist, although the interior is completely modern, because very few of the original furnishings of the church were preserved. Inside, there are preserved fragments of a tomb monument of Jan Tarło carved by Jan Jerzy Plersch in white and black marble in 1753, together with reconstructed epitaphs of Sarbiewski, Konarski, Kopczyński and Kiliński. A painting of Our Lady of Grace brought to Poland in 1651 by bishop Juan de Torres as a gift from Pope Innocent X is also displayed, along with a preserved wooden crucifix from 1383, a baroque sculpture of Our Lady of Grace, from the beginning of the 18th century, and a stone sculpture of a laying bear from the half of 18th century.


Stillwater Overlook

The Stillwater Overlook is a scenic overlook in Oak Park Heights, Minnesota, United States, just south of the city limits of Stillwater, near the junction of Minnesota State Highway 36 and Minnesota State Highway 95. The overlook was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 for having state-level significance in politics/government and landscape architecture. It was nominated as a leading example of the early wayside rests developed by the Minnesota Department of Highways Roadside Development Division, as well as for its sophisticated and well-preserved National Park Service rustic architecture, and for being an important work of Minnesota landscape architect Arthur R. Nichols.
The main structure on the site is a limestone wall that overlooks the St. Croix River valley. It was built by the National Youth Administration (NYA) between 1936 and 1937. The limestone was salvaged from the old Minnesota Territorial Prison, which was demolished by the NYA beginning in 1936. The construction is an excellent example of the National Park Service Rustic style, which emphasized the use of locally indigenous materials. The labor-intensive construction techniques also reflect the need to employ many people in federal relief projects. The overlook is very well preserved.
This overlook was one of several roadside development projects in the Stillwater area designed by Minnesota Highway Department landscape architect Arthur R. Nichols and built under Depression-era relief programs. Other projects in this time included an overlook north of Stillwater, a roadside parking area at the St. Croix Boom Site, and an Indian battleground historic marker. The roadside development in the Stillwater area reflected its importance as a tourist destination.


Casa dos Bicos

The Casa dos Bicos (Portuguese for "House of the Beaks/Spikes") is a historical house in the civil parish of Santa Maria Maior, in the Portuguese municipality of Lisbon. The house, built in the early 16th century in the Alfama neighbourhood, has a curious façade of spikes, influenced by Italian Renaissance palaces and Portuguese Manueline styles. It survived the disastrous 1755 Lisbon earthquake that destroyed much of the city, but over time was abandoned as a residence and used as a warehouse. After a 20th-century renovation, it became the headquarters of the José Saramago Foundation and a location of the Museum of Lisbon.
History.
The historical record indicates that as of 1506, Afonso de Albuquerque, the first governor of Portuguese India, had buildings in the area, if not ownership of the lands. In 1521, Albuquerque travelled to Italy in the company of the Infanta Beatrice, Duchess of Savoy, and spent some years there, where he observed the new trends in Renaissance architecture. The young Albuquerque, a courtier recognized for his humanist cultural leanings, was responsible for the construction of the "Quinta da Bacalhôa". It is presumed that he was influenced by urban palaces such as the Palazzo dei Diamanti (in Ferrara), so called in reference to its façade made up of thousands of small diamond-shaped pyramids. Between 1521 and 1523, Albuquerque returned to Portugal, and began work on this "Casa dos Diamantes" (House of Diamonds), incorporating Manueline (Portuguese late Gothic architecture) windows and portals, but died in 1581.
Between 1620 and 1642, after a protracted period of litigation within the family, the house passed into the hands of João Afonso de Albuquerque. The building was still in the possession of his heirs, the Menezes e Albuquerque family, when the 1755 Lisbon earthquake caused significant damage to the residence. It destroyed the principal façade (which was oriented to face the "Rua Afonso de Albuquerque"), and two floors along the "Rua dos Bacalhoeiros". It is unclear whether or not the building was completely reconstructed following this period, but by 1772 the building was partially reconstructed, but the 15th century structure had been profoundly restructured.
In 1827, Francisco Menezes e Albuquerque, owing to debts, allowed the house to be sold at public auction. It was sold to Caetano Lopes da Silva, a fishmonger, then a renter in the home. In 1838 the residence was returned to the Albuquerque family by a judicial decision. In 1873, the 11th and last Duke of Albuquerque, owing to debts, sold the building to another fishmonger, Joaquim C. Lopes da Silva, who began using the building as a warehouse for salted codfish.
The building remained in private hands until the 1960s, when it was acquired by the municipal council of Lisbon. The council commissioned architect Raul Lino to adapt the "Casa dos Bicos", then known as the "Casa de Goa", for use as a museum. The project was still unrealized by 1979, and passed to architects José Daniel Santa-Rita Fernandes and Manuel Vicente. Once again, the project was never completed, and in 1982, the commissioner for the 18th European Art, Science and Culture Exposition ("XVII Exposição Europeia de Arte, Ciência e Cultura") commissioned António Marques Miguel to restore and adapt the spaces for the event. The restoration began under the guidance of the "Direcção-Geral de Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais" (DGEMN). A team of archeologists began systematic excavations at the construction site, revealing remains from the Roman and Moorish periods. The two floors destroyed during the 1755 earthquake were restored, using the pre-1755 drawings and paintings; these included a Renaissance loggia along the third floor and Manueline-style windows. In the following year, architect António Marques Miguel was responsible for restoration of the windows and façade. Following the public works, it became one of the nuclei of the European Art, Science and Cultural Exposition, exhibiting paintings of the Avis dynastic family.
On 22 August 2006, the "Direção Regional de Cultura de Lisboa" (DRC Lisboa) incorporated the building in the Special Protection Zone that included the Pombaline downtown area, as well as the Castle of São Jorge, its walls and surrounding buildings. The "Conselho Nacional de Cultura" (National Council for Culture) proposed that the Special Protection Zone should be archived on 10 October 2011, and on 18 October asked the director of the "Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico" (IGESPAR) to define a new Special Protection Zone.
In June 2012, the Casa dos Bicos became the head office of the José Saramago Foundation, whose statutes were updated to reflect its new status as a public foundation, by an agreement with the Lisbon city council. The foundation opened a permanent exhibition titled "The Seed and the Fruits" about the life and public works of José Saramago. Other cultural events are presented in the building, including book releases, minor theater plays, talks and debates.
Architecture.
The Casa dos Bicos is situated along the northern side of the urban area, contiguous with other buildings and identifiable by the surface treatment of its façade. It is a rectangular building of four floors, with irregular fenestrations (windows) and a tiled roof.
The principal façade, to the south, is decorated in diamond-shape protrusions. The floors are demarcated by frames that run along the façade. The first and second floors are framed by doors and windows in stonework; the first floor includes four simple doorways of varying dimensions and asymmetrical distribution (some rectangular, while two doors marked by convex arcs). On the second floor are four rectangular windows of varying dimensions and asymmetrical distribution. The third and fourth floors are marked by windows of varying dimensions and asymmetrical placement, using stylized single, double and triple rounded windows. Two styles of windows prevail on these floors: simple rounded-arch windows (a triple-frame on the third floor and two double-framed windows on the fourth floor) and styled curvilinear windows, based on Manueline elements.
The interior has been substantially altered from its early conceptions, and includes a steep, clear marble staircase with bold lines and contrasting black walls.


List of colonial buildings in Medan

Colonial buildings in Medan include those that were constructed there during the colonial period of Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia. Following the establishment of the Deli Company in 1869, the city was transformed rapidly from a small kampong (village) of a few hundred people in 1869 into the largest city in Sumatra. When the Sultan of Deli moved his residence there in 1891, Medan became the capital of North Sumatra. Subsequent rapid development ushered in a western-centric architectural style used in a number of colonial buildings built in Medan. These buildings range from houses, offices, hotels, stores, houses of worship, hospitals, and schools. Despite its relatively late modernization compared to older established cities like Jakarta and Makassar, Medan has an abundant colonial architectural heritage. 42 buildings have been declared of significant historical value.
Urban planning.
The urban center of Medan is divided into three areas: the colonial district, the Chinese district, and the sprawling native settlements. The colonial district is the core of the city and contains the most important government buildings and infrastructure. The shopping street in Kesawan, the military area between the Deli and the Babura Rivers, the affluent tropical garden city of Polonia, the central market, churches, hospitals, schools, factories, train station, and the airport are all in the colonial district. The Chinese district is a dense area on the eastern side of the Deli River, and intersects with the Colonial area in Kesawan. The sprawling Muslim native settlement is located around the Istana Maimun (1888), Istana Lama (late 19th-century, now demolished) and the Great Mosque (1907) at the southern end of the city next to the Kesawan business district and the Chinese area. The Dutch redesigned the main buildings in this largely Muslim area in an Orientalistic-Imperialist architectural style, an expression of the dominance of the colony's cultural and political control.
The development of Medan was closely linked to the city development on Penang Island, not just through its trading activities but also by its urban design and architecture. Wealthy residents of Medan and the colonial government hired British planners and British and Dutch architects from the Straits Settlements to be involved in the city planning and construction. The open plaza in the middle of colonial Medan was referred to as the "Esplanade", similar to the one in George Town. Shophouse (commercial/residential) building construction and facades mimic those found in the Straits Settlements. In Kesawan, the architectural style was a fusion of Dutch-British Tropical style. Unfortunately, many of these shophouses have been demolished.
In colonial Medan, junctions were designed as nodes, where the corner buildings were planned to have a unique facade or architectural elements facing the junction. These included towers, a rounded or oblique construction, or a set-back, giving each building a unique identity resulting in different urban nodes. One example of a surviving corner building is the AVROS building (now the BKS-PPS building) and the Medan "warenhuis" (department store) (now the mostly abandoned Angkatan Muda Pembaharuan Indonesia building). This urban design is similar to that in other Dutch colonial modern cities in the Indies e.g. Bandung, Semarang, and Malang.
List of buildings.
Below is a list of colonial buildings found in Medan. The list is divided into the colonial architectural styles: Eclecticism (before 20th century), Dutch Rationalism and Traditionalism (1900s–1920s), and Modernism (1920s–1930s). The list is sorted alphabetically according to its official (local) name. The list can also be sorted by category.
Eclecticism (before 20th century).
Some of the first colonial buildings of Medan were concentrated around the "Esplanade" (now the Lapangan Merdeka), the station area, and around the Sultan's palace. Many of the first buildings were simple wooden structures, such as the "hoofdkantoor van de Deli Maatschappij te Medan" (The head office of the Deli Company in Medan), which during the time of its opening in 1870 was also used for a church, an administration building, a hospital and a feast hall, and the large wooden Old Sultan's Palace.
Rationalism and Traditionalism (1900s – 1920s).
New technological possibilities gradually transformed the architectural style used in Medan into a modern form. Two architectural movements appeared in the Netherlands and the Netherlands East Indies: Dutch Rationalism and Traditionalism.
The works of Hendrik Petrus Berlage were the main inspiration for Dutch Rationalism; the subsequent style in the tropical climate of Indonesia is known as the New Indies Style. The style is the result of an attempt to develop new solutions to integrate traditional precedents with new technological possibilities. The best example in Medan is the Medan Post Office, a fusion of Romanesque arch, traditional Dutch-styled gables, and new technology.
The Traditionalist movement appeared in the 1910s. It is basically the revival of the late 19th-century eclecticism, but was inspired mainly by classicism. The best examples in Medan are Bank Indonesia (the former Javasche Bank, 1909) and the old Medan City Hall (1909). Unlike earlier low-quality architecture, the new traditionalist movement made use of modern materials, for example reinforced concrete and steel frames behind its classical facade. The classical facades are mostly of natural stone. The monumental character of this style was popular for offices, warehouses and garages.
Modernism (1920s-1940s).
This period saw the emergence of Modernism and its varieties, namely Art Deco, Nieuwe Bouwen, Amsterdam School and other variations. Art Deco evolved from earlier Dutch Rationalism. The form is symmetrical and exudes technological progress and glamour, with rich colors and bold geometric shapes.
In the following period between the late 1930s and 1940s, Art Deco evolved into a new style known as Nieuwe Bouwen (the Dutch term for Modernism) or Functionalism. Instead of creating decorative styles on the facade, the architect creates style in the clear arrangement of space. These Nieuwe Bouwen buildings were less symmetrical and more expressive in form, using simple universal form such as cylinders or tubes, apparent in buildings such as the de Rex cinema building, now the Ria Restaurant (which was clumsily restored as an Art Deco style building) and the new building of the Medan railway station. Architect J.M. Groenewegen has made his mark on many of Medan's Nieuwe Bouwen buildings.
Medan also became the ground for the implementation of Amsterdam School-styled buildings not found in many parts of Indonesia. The St. Elizabeth's hospital (1929) by J.M. Groenewegen and the original plan of Centrale Pasar (destroyed in a fire) show the influence of the Amsterdam School.
Decline.
Despite the abundance of Dutch colonial architectural heritage in Medan, colonial buildings are being demolished at an alarming speed. Non-governmental organizations claimed that almost 90 percent of the 42 protected buildings had either been demolished or modified, despite provincial ruling No. 6/1988 which bans the modification of these buildings. 73 buildings had not yet been protected, one example is the Mega Eltra building, constructed in 1912. It has since been demolished. Other heritage buildings that have been demolished are the Kerapatan building on Jl. Brig. Jen. Katamso, a bank building on Jl. Pemuda and the Public Works office on Jl. Listrik. The lack of city planning by the city's officials and the minimal awareness of history in Medan has caused many Medan colonial buildings to be demolished.


Cardiff Central railway station

Cardiff Central railway station () is a major station on the South Wales Main Line, located in the capital of Wales, Cardiff. It is one of the city's two urban rail network hubs, along with Cardiff Queen Street. Opened in 1850 as "Cardiff" station, it was renamed "Cardiff General" in 1924, and then "Cardiff Central" in 1973.
The station is located at Central Square, in Cardiff city centre. The Grade II listed building is managed by Transport for Wales Rail Limited, and is both the largest and busiest station in Wales.
Cardiff Central is one of twenty railway stations in the city and one of two in the city centre, serving as a hub for the Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes. It is an interchange for services between South Wales, West Wales and North Wales, as well as other major British cities.
Transport for Wales Limited operates services to most destinations in Wales and to Manchester; while CrossCountry operates trains to , Birmingham and . Great Western Railway runs all London Paddington intercity services via Bristol and to , as well as some regional services to Bath, and Portsmouth via Southampton Central.
History.
Early history.
In the early 1840s the South Wales Railway was trying to find a suitable site for a railway station, but the area that is now Cardiff Central railway station was prone to flooding. It was Isambard Kingdom Brunel's solution to divert the River Taff to the west, creating a larger and safer site for the station. The initial part of the South Wales Railway between and through Cardiff was opened on 18 June 1850, with all trains operated by the Great Western Railway (GWR) under a lease agreement. Through services from Cardiff to London Paddington began on 19 July 1852, when the Chepstow Railway Bridge was opened, completing the connection between the South Wales Railway and the Great Western Railway. The South Wales Railway was absorbed into the GWR in 1863.
The South Wales Railway had originally been built as a broad-gauge railway, but on the weekend of 11–12 May 1872, the entire South Wales system was converted to standard gauge.
Cardiff to London trains originally ran via the circuitous route via and took an average of five hours. This was reduced to around four hours from 1886 when the Severn Tunnel was opened creating a shorter route via Bristol and Bath. In 1903 another shortcut, the Badminton railway line was opened, bypassing Bath and Bristol, and this reduced the Cardiff-London journey times by another hour. By the 1930s, the fastest Cardiff-London trains took around 2 hours 40 minutes, and this remained fairly static until 1961, when the diesel Blue Pullman service reduced the fastest journey time to 2 hours 7 minutes. In October 1976 the current InterCity 125 service was introduced, reducing the fastest journey times to 1 hour 53 minutes.
The original 'Cardiff' station as it was then known had four through tracks running through the site, and consisted of two through platforms each with its own bay platform. During the 1890s the station underwent considerable expansion, in 1896 a flying junction was constructed connecting the station to nearby Cardiff Queen Street station, and extra platforms were added to accommodate the new Taff Vale services, bringing the total number up to six.
Initially named "Cardiff", the station was renamed "Cardiff General" in July 1924 and then "Cardiff Central" by British Rail in May 1973.
1930s rebuild.
Between 1931 and 1934, the station underwent a major rebuild, designed by the GWR's architects department under their chief architect Percy Emerson Culverhouse, the centrepiece of this was a new Art Deco entrance building faced in Portland stone, containing a booking hall and concourse with noted Art Deco light fittings, all topped by a clock cupola. The current Art Deco lamps in the booking hall are replicas of the originals, installed in 1999, having been funded by the Railway Heritage Trust. A GWR war memorial is located at the eastern end of the concourse.
The Great Western Railway has its full name carved onto the façade (larger than the name of the station). The rebuild also saw a number of other improvements including the lengthening of the platforms, the widening of the Taff River railway bridge to allow the approach lines to the station to be quadrupled, and the installation of colour-light signalling. The rebuild of the station cost the GWR £820,000 (), and was formally opened by the then Minister of Transport Oliver Stanley on 26 February 1934.
In July 1934, the GWR began a pioneering diesel railcar service with a buffet between Cardiff General and which had only two stops at and . This was the first long distance diesel express service in Britain, covering the between Cardiff and Birmingham in 2 hours 20 minutes. It proved so successful that larger railcars with more seating and no buffet had to be introduced to cope with demand, and even this had to be augmented by a normal locomotive hauled service. During the Second World War, two such trains ran to and from Cardiff daily. At this time it consisted of a three car train consisting of a standard carriage sandwiched between two railcars, and a stop at was introduced.
As a result of representations by the GWR, a nearby working-class district, Temperance Town, was cleared during the late 1930s in order to improve the outlook of the rebuilt station.
In 1992, the station, its buildings and platforms, became Grade II listed.
Cardiff Riverside railway station.
On 14 August 1893 the GWR opened the adjacent Cardiff Riverside station which had two platforms located to the south of and adjacent to the main Cardiff station which curved away to the south on the Cardiff Riverside Branch, which ran to its terminus at about one mile to the south. Riverside station was rebuilt as an island platform with two platform faces in the early 1930s at the same time as Cardiff General was being rebuilt. On 28 October 1940 Riverside station was formally incorporated into Cardiff General station with its platforms being designated 8 and 9. The Riverside platforms were closed for passenger use on 16 March 1964, but they continued to be used for parcels and newspaper traffic for a number of years after. They were demolished in 1994 after becoming disused.
21st century developments.
Electrification.
In June 2010, Network Rail began its £5 billion Great Western electrification project which promised the construction of overhead line equipment, station improvements, and resignalling along parts of the Great Western Main Line and the South Wales Main Line. The changes would see the retirement of InterCity 125 trains on London services, and the introduction of Hitachi-designed British Rail Class 800 electric trains, under a side project named the Intercity Express Programme.
Plans to install overhead equipment as far as were withdrawn in 2017 when the Department for Transport announced it would no longer fund the Cardiff-Swansea project, instead ordering bi-mode trains which switch to diesel when departing Cardiff for west Wales. Electrification to Cardiff was to be completed by 2018, but late that year Network Rail announced that completion would be delayed a further year.
The first electric services began at Cardiff Central on 5 January 2020, starting with a single 5-car Class 800 forming the 08:50 Cardiff to London. As of January 2020, trains have remained unable to operate on electric power through the Severn Tunnel. This has been attributed to difficult operating conditions in the 133-year-old tunnel.
Station improvements.
In 2011 it was announced that Cardiff Central would be enhanced with a new platform ('Platform 8') and a new two-storey southern entrance and booking hall. This was part of a £200m regeneration scheme to boost train capacity in Cardiff and the surrounding areas. With work planned to start from June 2014, the Assembly Government committed £7m for the overall programme.
The old Grade II listed Water Tower (next to Platform 0 and the River Taff) was repainted in 2012 in the original brown and beige colours of the Great Western Railway.
The new entrance on the south side of the station, was opened in September 2015, and the new platform 8 on the south side of the station, opened in January 2017, allowing the number of trains on the busy Cardiff Central to Cardiff Queen Street corridor to be increased from 12 to 16 per hour. This was opened in conjunction with a resignalling scheme in the station, which saw all of the station's platforms signalled to become bi-directional, in order to increase the flexibility of the operations.
Central Square.
A major redevelopment scheme began in 2015 of Central Square in front of the main station entrance, of which Network Rail owned part. 500,000 square feet of new office space were planned for the area formerly occupied by Cardiff Central bus station. The landscaping, designed to create a positive impression to visitors exiting the railway station, would include a major pedestrianised route between the railway station and the Millennium Stadium.
Future proposals.
In 2015, plans were unveiled to substantially redevelop the station in order to cope with the expected rise in passenger numbers, which are projected to rise from the current 13 million to 32 million by 2043. The proposed redevelopment would see an enlarged glass fronted concourse which would leave the current 1930s façade intact.
It was announced in July 2019 that significant upgrades would take place at Cardiff Central under a £38m improvement project, which also proposes a £20m West Wales Parkway station north of Swansea in order to reduce journey times between Cardiff and West Wales.
Station layout and platforms.
There are two entrances to the station. The northern main entrance leads to the main concourse and is on Central Square. The Millennium Stadium is a short distance to the northwest.
The southern entrance is at the rear of the station on Tresillian Way, accessed from Penarth Road, where the station car park is found.
The railway lines are above the station concourses. Two subways, one each at the eastern and western side of the station, run parallel under the tracks linking the two main entrances, from which the platforms are accessed by stairs and lifts, with the exception of Platform 0 which is accessed from the main concourse near Marks and Spencer.
Cardiff Central has eight platforms, numbered 0, 1, 2, 3a/b, 4a/b, 6, 7 and 8. There is no longer, despite signage, a Platform 5; this was a west-facing bay platform situated between Platforms 3 and 4 which was removed in the 1960s. Platform 0, a short through platform at the north of the station was created in 1999.
The station has ten tracks running through it. All but two of the tracks have an adjacent platform, and the remaining two are through lines for goods trains and other non-stopping traffic.
Platforms 3 and 4 are divided into 'A' and 'B' sections and are capable of holding two local trains or a nine car Class 800 train. Other platforms can be used by more than one train, but are not sectioned.
Platforms 6 to 8 at the south side of the station are used by Valley Lines trains between , the north of Cardiff, the Valleys, and the Vale of Glamorgan.
Platforms 0 to 4 are typically used by longer distance regional and national services operated by Transport for Wales Rail Limited, Great Western Railway, and CrossCountry to destinations including London Paddington, , , , Derby, Nottingham, , , , Taunton, , , Holyhead and Chester.
To the West of the station lies Canton TMD, operated by Transport for Wales Rail Limited, as well as the junction splitting trains to Penarth and the Vale of Glamorgan, Swansea, and Valley line services via Ninian Park and Radyr. To the East of the station lies Cardiff Queen Street (for Cardiff local and Valley Line services), and the mainline toward Newport, Bristol and London.
Facilities.
The majority of facilities are in the main concourse, including ticket desks and machines, cash machines, an information desk, departure and arrival screens, public telephones, a newsagent, and food shops. The station has the only First Class waiting room in Wales. Outside, an pay-and-display car park provides 248 spaces.
British Transport Police maintains a presence at Cardiff Central.
Additional ticket barriers were installed in the main entrance of the station in November 2019 as part of plans to reduce congestion at the station at peak times. A study found that the station can see over 40,000 people use the station on major event days in the city. The work was funded by Transport for Wales, who also aimed to refurbish toilets, install more ticket machines, phone charging points, and build cycle storage in 2020. Cardiff Central's customer numbers are forecast to top 34 million users annually by 2043.
In January 2020, Transport for Wales installed a dedicated passenger assistance meeting point in the ticket hall of the station, stating it would provide a comfortable and identifiable location for those needing assistance to wait while their booked assistance is prepared, for example the preparation of boarding aids.
Services.
Three train operators run services to Cardiff Central, a summary is as follows:
Incidents.
On 4 May 1998, eleven wagons of freight train which was carrying iron ore from Port Talbot derailed just east of the station, causing substantial damage to the track, as well as blocking the main line into the station. This caused enormous disruption to the services which lasted for several days. No-one however was injured in the incident.
To the east of the platforms, the Valley Lines tracks rise up and cross over the South Wales Main Line using a bridge. Rail services were severely disrupted in August 2012 when the retaining wall between the tracks partially collapsed, spilling five tonnes of earth. The South Wales Main Line was swiftly reopened, but all services between Cardiff Central and were cancelled, with a replacement bus service operating. It was expected that repairs could take two weeks. There were worries that the bronze medal match in the 2012 Summer Olympics men's football competition, held at the nearby Cardiff Millennium Stadium could be disrupted, but most fans were due to arrive by the main line rather than the Valley Lines. There had been severe congestion at the station earlier in the month due to another Olympic match.
In December 2016, a serious accident was narrowly averted by the alertness of a driver. During the Cardiff Area Resignalling Scheme, a set of points had been left in an unsafe condition, and undetectable by the signalling system. The Rail Accident Investigation Branch report into the incident revealed that lessons learnt following the Clapham Junction rail crash in December 1988 appeared to have been forgotten. Excessive working hours and a lack of detailed planning were cited as contributory factors.
Media.
in 2020, the Rail Delivery Group nominated Cardiff Central as one of the Welsh stations as a contender for the World Cup of Stations. It passed the group stages and was the Wales contender in the semi-finals. However, it lost to Stourbridge Junction railway station to reach the final in the west region.


Red Lodge Communal Mausoleum

The Red Lodge Communal Mausoleum is in the Red Lodge City Cemetery on Montana Highway 78 in Carbon County, Montana, near Red Lodge, Montana. It was built in 1922. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
It is a 232-crypt community mausoleum built in the early 1920s for the citizens in and around the City of Red Lodge, Montana. It is within the Catholic Cemetery portion of the overall cemetery, which has an additional , and it is the largest structure.
It was built by the Consolidated Mausoleums Company of Billings, Montana in a modified cruciform plan. It includes a chapel.
It was deemed significant as "a very well preserved and rare example of a community mausoleum in Montana from the
early twentieth century. Only two other community mausoleums are known to have been built in the state during the era, one in Billings and the other Great Falls. Of the three, only the Red Lodge and Billings facilities retain historic integrity. / The Red Lodge Communal Mausoleum also has architectural significance as an important local expression of one of the few solely American architectural forms, the Prairie School Style. Components of the building reflective of the style include its form (i.e., a tall central mass flanked by lower subordinate wings), a heavy application of rough textured stucco on the exterior walls and horizontal rows of window rows."


Coal Creek Patrol Cabin

The Coal Creek Patrol Cabin in Glacier National Park, Montana, is a rustic backcountry log cabin. Built in 1925, the cabin has a single room with a board floor and a small cellar for a food cache. The cabin was used by rangers on patrol routes from the Nyack and Paola ranger stations.
The cabin is notable for its original roof construction, which consisted of peeled logs laid along the pitch of the roof, culminating in a log ridgepole. The added weight was borne by double log purlins, one on top of the other. The configuration was apparently intended to protect against deadfalls, falling trees or branches. The logs were replaced by shingles in the 1940s and by metal in the 1960s. While the Paola ranger station was abandoned in 1932, as well as the Nyack station, the Coal Creek cabin is maintained and used by trail maintenance crews.


Lichfield Court

Lichfield Court, in Richmond, London, consists of two Grade II listed purpose-built blocks of flats. Designed by Bertram Carter and built in fine Streamline Moderne style, it was completed in 1935.
Lichfield House.
Lichfield Court is built on the site of Lichfield House, named when the London residence of the Bishop of Lichfield. Wealthy sugar factor Henry Lascelles (1690–1753) bought the house and died there by suicide. Novelist Mary Elizabeth Braddon (1837–1915), lived there from before 1874 until her death. The house was described in 1907 as a "grand old red brick building with a beautiful formal garden". Sir Henry George Norris was the final resident. The house and grounds were acquired in 1933 by George Broadbridge and redeveloped into the present two blocks of flats.
Design.
The company estate office and porters' office are situated in the main lobby of the major block. The buildings are surrounded by estate grounds which are a mix of gardens and unallocated parking, the major block having a decorative inner courtyard garden and pond. Initially intended for the rental market, the flats conformed to six different types ranging from studio flats with no alcove, to studio flats with one alcove or two alcoves, and one to three-bedroom flats, some with balconies.
Listed status.
The buildings were awarded grade II listing in January 2004. The Twentieth Century Society reported the listing, saying:
Popular culture.
Lichfield Court was used as Gerda's flat in the TV adaptation of Agatha Christie's novel "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe".


Congregation Shaare Zedek (Manhattan)

Congregation Shaare Zedek (Gates of Righteousness) is a Conservative synagogue located on West 93rd Street in Manhattan.
On July 27, 2017, despite the efforts of preservationists to save it, a New York State Supreme Court judge approved the sale of the building to a developer who planned to tear it down and build a 14-story condominium.
History.
Founded in 1837, by Polish Jews, Shaare Zedek is the third oldest Jewish congregation in New York City. The congregation originally met at 38 Henry Street on Manhattan's Lower East Side. In 1850, it purchased a building at 38 Henry Street (still on the Lower East Side) that was originally built by a Quaker congregation in 1828 that had been converted for use as a synagogue by congregation Ansche Chesed in 1840. The congregation replaced this building with a new building on the same property in 1891, and in 1900 opened a Moorish style branch synagogue at 25 West 118th Street in the newly fashionable neighborhood of Harlem, in time for the Jewish New Year. The Henry Street building was sold to Congregation Mishkan Israel Anshei Suwalk in 1911, and the two branches consolidated uptown. In 1922, the Harlem building was sold to Chevra Talmud Torah Augustow as their current Neoclassical building was being designed and built by the architecture firm of Sommerfeld and Steckler.
Over the years, Shaare Zedek has been home to some of the country's great rabbis including Philip R. Alstat, Israel Goldfarb, and Isaac Kurtzlow along with such esteemed cantors as David Roitman, Frank Birnbaum and Martin Kozlowsky.
Recent years.
From 2009 to 2014, the congregation was led by Rabbi William Plevan. Although Shaare Zedek was the last Conservative synagogue in the area to allow fully egalitarian worship, women now participate in every aspect of the service and the congregation was recently served by a female rabbi. While preserving the traditional liturgy quite closely and committing to a fairly strict observance of Jewish law, the community is generally politically and socially progressive.
In October 2016, citing financial problems connected with the upkeep of the building as well as the Bayside Cemetery in Queens, the synagogue announced that it had signed a contract with a developer to sell the building, which would be replaced with a 14-story condominium, of which Shaare Zedek would own and occupy three floors. The sale price was $34.3 million, which would enable the synagogue to "get out of the cemetery business," according to its president. In response, resident of the area, concerned not only about the loss of an historic building, but about the loss of air and light from the planned condominium, filed a Request for Evaluation with the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in an attempt to have the building landmarked. They wanted the Commission to hold an emergency hearing before the building was torn down. Then, in July 2017, the appeals of the West Nineties Neighborhood Coalition to the NYCLPC and Community Board 7 and city officials had come up empty, and a State Supreme Court judge approved the synagogue's petition to sell the building to the developer, leaving the preservation effort out of options. The congregation plans to move out of the building to its temporary location at the Franciscan Center on West 97th Street after Yom Kippur.


Shardeloes

Shardeloes is a large 18th-century country house located one mile west of Amersham in Buckinghamshire, England, UK (). A previous manor house on the site was demolished and the present building constructed between 1758 and 1766 for William Drake, Sr., the Member of Parliament for Amersham. Shardeloes is a Grade I listed building.
Design and construction.
The architect and builder was Stiff Leadbetter; designs for interior decorations were provided by Robert Adam from 1761. Built in the Palladian style, of stuccoed brick, the mansion is nine bays long by seven bays deep. It was constructed with the piano nobile on the ground floor and a mezzanine above. The north facade has a large portico of Corinthian columns. The terminating windows of the piano nobile are pedimented and recessed into shallow niches, as are the end bays of the east front. The roof, typically for the palladian style, is hidden by a balustrade. The original plans of the house by Leadbetter show a design closer in appearance to Holkham Hall, with square end towers. Adam cancelled this idea, but embellished the front with the portico.
The interior of the house has fine ornamental plaster work by Joseph Rose. The entrance hall by Adam has fluted Doric pilasters and massive doorcases in the north and south walls. The dining room has stucco panels and an oval panel in the ceiling. The library was designed by James Wyatt in a classical style and has painted panels by Biagio Rebecca. Nikolaus Pevsner describes the staircase as "surprisingly small." Pevsner, for once, rather misses the point: as the house was designed, all rooms of importance, including the bedrooms, were on the principal ground floor; thus, there was no need for a grand staircase, as no grandee would ever need to ascend to the secondary floor above. Blenheim Palace is another house with a small staircase for the same reason.
The house is flanked to the west by a service block and stable yard of the same period as the mansion, complete with clock tower. The stable yard is entered through five archways; the rectangular building has projecting wings and a pitched roof.
Grounds.
Humphry Repton was commissioned to lay out the grounds in the classical English landscape fashion, in the lee of the hill upon which the mansion stands. Repton dammed the River Misbourne to form a lake.
Cricket ground.
The grounds house a cricket ground, which is the home ground of Amersham Cricket Club, which has played at the ground in two periods from 1856 to 1886 and from 1905 to present. The ground has been used for minor counties matches by Buckinghamshire in both the Minor Counties Championship and the Minor Counties Twenty20. Buckinghamshire also played one List A one-day match when there when they were permitted to play List A cricket, playing against first-class opposition in the form of Glamorgan in the 1972 Gillette Cup. A combined Minor Counties South team also played five List A matches there in the Benson & Hedges Cup between 1973 and 1977.
Recent history.
The mansion remained the ancestral home of the Tyrwhitt-Drake family until the Second World War, when the house was requisitioned as a maternity hospital for evacuated pregnant women from London; some three thousand children were born there, including lyricist Sir Tim Rice in 1944. Following the war the house seemed destined to become one of the thousands of country houses being demolished, until a local conservation society, the Amersham Society, assisted by the Council for the Protection of Rural England fought a prolonged battle to save the house: eventually a preservation order was put on the building preventing its demolition. Although inhabited in parts, the building fell into a state of neglect through the 1960s and was eventually purchased in the early 1970s by local property developer Richard Watson. His company, Landstone Limited, completed a comprehensive renovation of the building and converted unused parts into further apartments. Shardeloes today is a complex of private flats; the principal reception rooms are preserved as common rooms for the residents.


Old Royal Palace

The Old Royal Palace ( "Palaiá Anáktora") is the first royal palace of modern Greece, completed in 1843. It has housed the Hellenic Parliament since 1934. The Old Palace is situated at the heart of modern Athens, facing onto Syntagma Square.
History.
The palace was designed by Bavarian architect Friedrich von Gärtner for King Otto of Greece, with funds donated by Otto's father, King Ludwig I of Bavaria. Previous proposals had placed the new palace at the sites of Omonoia Square, Kerameikos and even on top the Acropolis of Athens. Construction work started in 1836 and was completed in 1843.
After suffering fire damage in 1909, it entered a long period of renovation. During renovations the King and his family moved to the Crown Prince's Palace, from then on known as the "New Palace", one block to the east on Herodou Attikou Street.
Some of the royal family, chiefly the dowager Queen Olga, continued to reside in the "Old Palace" until 1922. In 1924, a referendum abolished the monarchy. The building was then used for many different purposes—housing a variety of government and public services in the 1920s, functioning as a makeshift hospital during World War II, a refugee shelter for Greek refugees from Asia Minor in 1922, a museum with the personal effects of King George I (now part of the collection of the National Historical Museum), and other uses.
In November 1929 the government decided that the building would permanently house Parliament (previously housed in what is now called the Old Parliament House). After more extensive renovations, the Senate convened in the "Old Palace" on 2 August 1934, followed by the Fifth National Assembly on 1 July 1935. Although the monarchy was restored that same year, the building has housed Parliament ever since.


Corradino Batteries

The Corradino Batteries () were a series of artillery batteries on Corradino Heights, near Paola, Malta, that were built by Maltese insurgents during the French blockade of 1798-1800. The batteries formed part of a chain of batteries, redoubts and entrenchments encircling the French positions in Marsamxett and the Grand Harbour.
The Corradino Batteries were built on the grounds of the Grand Master's Stables, a large Baroque building on the summit of Corradino Heights. During the siege, the stables served as barracks for the insurgents. There were three batteries, overlooking Għajn Dwieli, Senglea and the Floriana Lines respectively:
The batteries were linked together with long rubble wall entrenchments. A Belvedere Tower was also located north of the batteries. By the end of the siege, the batteries were armed with five cannons, including an 18-pounder which had been taken from St. Julian's Battery.
The architect Michele Cachia had a leading role in the construction of the batteries, which were completed in January 1799.
The batteries and adjoining camp was one of the largest and most important insurgent positions. The camp fell under the overall command of Emmanuele Vitale and was garrisoned by 224 men from Rabat and Dingli.
On 21 November 1798, French troops attacked Corradino, but were repelled by the Maltese. Throughout the siege, the guns of Valletta's Saluting Battery were trained on Corradino to counter the insurgents.
The Grand Master's Stables were extensively damaged by French bombardment, and the ruined structure was demolished by an order of 21 January 1811. The adjoining batteries were presumably also dismantled at this point. The area formerly occupied by the stables and battery is now heavily industrialized.


Spencer Buford House

The Spencer Buford House is a property in Thompsons Station, Tennessee, United States, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The main house was built about 1813. The property is also known as Roderick, in honor of the horse Roderick, a favorite horse of Confederate cavalry and irregular forces Nathan Bedford Forrest.
It was a two-story brick side Side passage plan farmhouse built c.1820. It is unusual in Williamson County for the side passage plan. Its "doorway displays excellent Federal detailing." It was built of bricks made by slaves in kiln on the farm.
Besides the house the property included one non-contributing building. The listing was for an area of .
The property was covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.
In November 2015 the house was evaluated as having lost its historic integrity, because it had been altered with "unsympathetic" additions that subsumed much of the original house, and yet lost the interior details in the original portion retained.
It was removed from the National Register in 2015.


Osterley tube station

Osterley () is a London Underground station in Osterley in west London. The station is on the Heathrow branch of the Piccadilly line, between Boston Manor and Hounslow East. The station is located on Great West Road (A4) close to the National Trust-owned Osterley Park. It is in Travelcard Zone 4.
History.
Osterley station was opened on 25 March 1934 adjacent to the Great West Road which had been opened in 1925. The station was designed by Stanley Heaps in the modern European style used elsewhere on the Piccadilly line by Charles Holden. The design uses brick, reinforced concrete and large areas of glass and features a brick tower topped with a concrete "obelisk". Osterley station was a replacement for an earlier station, "Osterley & Spring Grove", located about 300m to the east on Thornbury Road, which was closed when Osterley opened. The old station buildings and platforms remain.
The station was served from its opening by trains from the District and Piccadilly lines, although District line services were withdrawn on 9 October 1964.
Step-free access.
In 2009, because of financial constraints, Transport for London decided to stop work on a project to provide step-free access at Osterley on the grounds that it was a relatively quiet station and within one or two stops of an existing step-free station, Hounslow East where step-free access has been available since 2005. In 2017, TfL announced that Osterley station would receive funding for step-free access, with work commencing in 2018. It is due for completion in 2020.


Oatman Drug Company Building

The Oatman Drug Company Building, located at 1 Main St. in Oatman, Arizona, was built in 1915. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2006. The building has served as a restaurant, as a drug/general store, as a medical business/office, as a professional building, and as a financial institution.
It is a two-story false front building, at the eastern edge of Oatman near the locally noted "Elephant's Tooth" rock outcropping.
The building is significant for association with commercial activity—including historic Route 66 business—in Oatman. It is one of few surviving buildings from Oatman's boom years, c.1913-1934, since many buildings were destroyed in a 1921 fire.


Residential House of Police Officers

Residential House of Police Officers is a historic building in Pushkin, Saint Petersburg, Russia, that was built between 1889 and 1901 as a residence for policemen serving the royal palace.
Today the police residence is an object of cultural heritage. The building is located on 32/24 Pushkinskaya Street on the north side of Saint Isaac's Square.
History.
The building was originally occupied by the Material Yard, where warehouses, workshops were located and their employees lived. The need for a police residence arose because the Tsar and his court stayed at Tsarskoe Selo only six months per year. This forced the palace police to rent apartments for their families in more than one locality.
On the instructions of the Governor of the Tsarskoye Selo Palace, the residence construction was carried out by the architect A. R. Bach and paid for by the Ministry of the Imperial Court. The residence was solemnly laid on July 20, 1899. By the summer of 1901, it was finished.
During the 1920s, the police residence was transferred to the St. Petersburg State Agricultural University, which turned it into a student hostel. In July 1924, the building housed a student literary circle that was frequently visited by Sergei Esenin.
The police residence remained a hostel until 1997, when the University began reconstruction.
Architecture.
The police residence is a four-story building decorated in eclectic style. The building housed 70 apartments, it was supplied with electricity, central heating, lift, and mechanical ventilation. In the basement was a laundry. The building hasmosaic floors and terrazzo slabs that were supplied by the firm "Brothers Botta".


Old Nichols Library

The Old Nichols Library is a historic building on Washington Street in Naperville. The building was designed by Mifflin E. Bell in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The building served as the original public library for Naperville from its construction in 1897 until 1986, when the library operations moved to the new, modern Nichols Library on Jefferson Avenue in Naperville.
The building is constructed with yellow brick and indigenous limestone, of a much lighter design than is typical for the style. The building has a hipped roof with a gable centered in front. The center of the primary facade is stepped forward, with a broad, rough limestone arch that rises over the front door.
James L. Nichols, a professor at North-Western College (now North Central College) and successful author and publisher, established the library with a $10,000 bequest. In 1962, the City of Naperville built an addition, of a modern design, connecting to the south wall of the original building.
In 1996, the City sold the building to a local church. A developer bought the building from the church in 2017.
The Old Nichols Library building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing resource to the Naperville Historic District.
In 2017, the City designated the building as a local landmark under Naperville historic preservation ordinances.


Opernhaus Wuppertal

Opernhaus Wuppertal (Wuppertal Opera House) is a German theatre in Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia. It houses mostly performances of operas, but also plays, run by the municipal Wuppertaler Bühnen. The house is also the venue for dance performances by the company created by Pina Bausch.
The house was built in 1905 on a design by Carl Moritz as the ("Barmen Municipal Theatre"). It was rebuilt after being severely damaged during World War II, and again restored over the period 2006–2009. The theatre is located in the center of Wuppertal-Barmen, served by the Wuppertal Suspension Railway and Wuppertal-Barmen station.
History.
The original building was the ("Barmen Municipal Theatre"), an all-purpose theatre for opera and plays built in 1905 before Barmen was merged into Wuppertal. It was designed by the architect Carl Moritz in a style drawing on neo-Baroque and Jugendstil. It was completed in 1907. The theatre was severely damaged during a World War II air raid on the night of 30 May 1943, which destroyed the hall completely and also damaged the stage area. It was rebuilt from 1954 to 1956, but with restricted Jugendstil elements which the leader of the project termed "schwerverdauliche Formensprache" (a language of forms hard to digest). The house reopened on 14 October 1956, one of the first war-damaged theatres in Germany to resume operations, with a gala performance of Paul Hindemith's .
The theatre was extended in the 1970s and renovated from 2006 to 2009. Since 1989, the building has been protected as an architectural monument.
Premieres and revivals.
World premieres have included "Yvonne, Prinzessin von Burgund" by Boris Blacher, after the play by Witold Gombrowicz, which debuted on 15 September 1973. "Die fünf Minuten des Isaak Babel" (The five minutes of Isaac Babel) by Volker David Kirchner, subtitled "A Scenic Requiem", premiered on 19 April 1980, conducted by Hanns-Martin Schneidt and staged by Friedrich Meyer-Oertel. The first complete performance of "Kyberiade", an opera by Krzysztof Meyer based on The Cyberiad stories by Stanisław Lem, was staged on 11 May 1986. Kirchner's "Erinys", "Threnos" in two parts after the "Oresteia" by Aeschylos was first performed on 15 April 1990. A commissioned opera, "Gormenghast" by Irmin Schmidt on a libretto by Duncan Fallowell, was first performed on 15 November 1998.
The Opernhaus Wuppertal is known for revivals of operas that are not part of the standard repertoire, or have not been for a very long time. Monteverdi's "Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria" was performed in 1959 in a version by Ernst Krenek. E. T. A. Hoffmann's "Undine" was revived in 1970. In 1981 Meyer-Oertel staged Wagner early "Die Feen", and in 1994 Schubert's Fierrabras, conducted by Peter Gülke. In the 21st century, Haydn's "L'incontro improvviso" was performed in a German translation under the title "Unverhofft in Kairo" on 8 January 2011, and Wolfgang Fortner's "Bluthochzeit" was revived in 2013.
Affiliated performers.
Fritz Lehmann was "Generalmusikdirektor" (GMD) from 1938 to 1947, János Kulka from 1964 to 1975, Hanns-Martin Schneidt from 1975 to 1985. Peter Gülke from 1986 to 1996, and George Hanson from 1998 to 2004. Since 2016, the current "Generalmusikdirektorin" of the company is Julia Jones, the first female conductor ever to be GMD of the company. Jones is scheduled to stand down as Wuppertal GMD at the close of the 2020–2021 season. In July 2020, the company announced the appointment of Patrick Hahn as its next GMD, effective with the 2021–2022 season.
Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt began his career as a repetiteur in 1923. Horst Stein was repetiteur from 1947 to 1951. Other conductors have included Imre Pallo (1964–1968).
Andreas Meyer-Hanno was director of opera director from 1959 to 1964, and Friedrich Meyer-Oertel from 1979 to 1996.
Ingrid Bjoner, who had made her stage debut in 1957 as Donna Anna in Mozart's "Don Giovanni" with the Norwegian National Opera, performed the part the same year in Wuppertal. Ticho Parly performed in 1962 the part of Mephisto in Busoni's "Doktor Faust" and the title role in Britten's "Peter Grimes". Peter Hofmann sang his first Siegmund in Wagner's "Die Walküre" in 1974, the role which he repeated in Patrice Chéreau's historic centennial production of "Der Ring des Nibelungen" at the 1976 Bayreuth Festival.
Tanztheater Wuppertal.
The opera house is the home base for the dance company Tanztheater Wuppertal, founded by Pina Bausch. Performances have included 1975's "Frühlingsopfer" (The Rite of Spring) on a stage covered with soil, a production which has been revived many times; "Café Müller", 1978, in which "dancers stumble around the stage crashing into tables and chairs"; "Kontakthof", 1978, performed by an ensemble aged between 58 and 77; and 2005's "Nelken".
References.
Notes
Sources


American Red Cross Volunteer Life Saving Corps Station

American Red Cross Volunteer Life Saving Corps Station is a national historic site located at 2 Ocean Front North, Jacksonville Beach, Florida in Duval County. The building, constructed in 1947, is an example in the Art Modeme Style of local architect Jefferson Davis Powell.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 5, 2014.


Colonial architecture in Surabaya

Colonial architecture in Surabaya (Dutch: Soerabaja) includes the legacy of neoclassical architecture and Dutch architecture built during the Dutch East Indies era. The old city in Surabaya is a tourist attraction but faces problems with the deterioration of older buildings. It includes Dutch architecture, has an Arab quarter and areas exhibiting Chinese influence. Jembatan Merah is an area known for its Dutch architecture.
Cosman Citroen designed a city hall in 1916 and planned the area of Ketabang. Museum Bank Indonesia, Surabaya is located in the former De Javasche Bank building. The House of Sampoerna i s a museum devoted to the history of clove cigarette (kretek) manufacturing in Indonesia and is housed in a Dutch colonial building (originally an orphanage) dating to 1864.


Villaggio Mall

Villaggio Mall is a shopping mall located in the Aspire Zone in the west end of Doha, the capital city of Qatar. It is located on Al Waab street between the Hyatt Plaza and Sports City and has over 200 stores, including many famous brands in the U.S., U.K., Italian and German markets.
Inside, the interiors are Italianate-themed both as an Italian hill town, but also with a 150-meter long indoor canal with gondolas.
The Mall was partially re-opened on September 20, 2012, after meeting strict safety standards following the May fire that resulted in 19 lost lives. Portions of the mall remain closed as a result however, the food court, ice rink, movie theater, Carrefour hypermarket, and many stores are open for business with more opening as they are able to restock their shelves.
Gondolania Theme Park.
The mall contains the Gondolania Theme Park, an indoor theme park which includes the Gondolania Ice Rink, one of two ice hockey rinks in Qatar, which is the home of the Qatar Ice Hockey League and the regional Desert Cup tournament. It is the only Olympic-size rink in Qatar. Also included are a ten pin bowling center and a roller coaster.
2012 fire.
On 28 May 2012 at around 11 A.M. a major fire broke out in the Villaggio Mall, triggering an alarm described by an eyewitness as being "a very benign fire alarm, almost like a door bell". At first many were not worried as there had been a recent false alarm.
As the fire engulfed the Gympanzee nursery, the entrances to the nursery became blocked by smoke, trapping 13 children and four staff inside. Firefighters from the Qatari Civil Defense force were forced to break a hole in the roof of the mall to attempt a rescue. Along with the 17 trapped in the nursery, two firefighters were killed. The victims included children from Spain, New Zealand, France, Japan, South Africa and The Philippines; along with three Filipino teachers and one teacher from South Africa.
There were also 17 injured persons as a result of smoke inhalation, most of them members of the Qatari Civil Defense force. A total of 19 people lost their lives - 13 being children; three of them triplets from New Zealand. The investigation committee revealed that an electrical fault at the Nike store as the cause of the deadly fire. It also found that all parties concerned had lacked adherence in varying degrees to related laws, systems and safety measures.
The father of the killed triplets later said proper post-mortems weren't carried out on his children, despite the presence of "highly flammable paint and illegal flammable mouldings" at the mall. He blamed a closed emergency exit at the mall's daycare centre for the children's deaths.
It is still unclear whether or not Gympanzee was operating without a license from the Supreme Educational Council, as they had recently relinquished licensing duties to the Ministry of Social Affairs. An official at the ministry claimed that no license had ever been issued by their offices.
Response and trials.
Shortly following the fire, Qatar's Attorney General, Dr. Ali al-Marri, issued the arrest of five people in connection with the incident, as well as the detention of both the manager and assistant manager of Villaggio, Tzoulios Tzoulio and Rami Itani, respectively. The assistant director of mall security, Mohammed Abdul Rahman, was also detained in connection with the case.
In June 2013, a lower court found five defendants guilty of involuntary manslaughter, and sentenced each to six years in jail (the maximum allowable sentence). Rami Itani and Mohammed Rahman were both acquitted. Husband and wife co-owners of Gympanzee, Sheikh Ali bin Jassim al-Thani and Iman Al-Kuwari were among those convicted, along with Tzoulios Tzoulio and Abdulaziz bin Mohammed al-Rabban. The last guilty verdict fell to Mansour Nasir Fazza al-Shahwani, the Ministry of Business and Trade employee that issued Gympanzee its permits, Mr. al-Shahwani was sentenced to five years in jail.
Co-owner of Gympanzee, Sheikh Ali bin Jassim al-Thani, is Qatar's ambassador to Belgium and is part of the powerful al-Thani family, his wife, Iman al-Kuwari, is the daughter of the then-Minister of Culture, Art, and Heritage, Hamad Bin Abdulaziz Al-Kawari.
Abdulaziz bin Mohammed al-Rabban is a private-businessman who owns the Qatari Company for Real Estate and Commercial Projects (Villaggio). During his closing arguments, which are reported to have lasted approximately five hours, Mr. Rabban's defense attorney claimed that his client didn't own any shares in the mall and was not a partner in the company that owned the mall. Despite these claims, Mr. Rabban remained listed on the mall's website under “key people” as Villagio's chairman. Mr. Rabban's defense attorney's tactics were heavily criticized by one of the parents of the victims that attended the hearing: “It is quite frustrating how the defense lawyer continues to make a mockery out of court, joking around inappropriately and wasting time. Additionally, what’s absurd is for him to the pin the blame on the Nike store employee,” Raghda Kabbani – who lost her three-year-old daughter Hana in the fire.”
Appeal process and acquittal.
During the appeal process, all those convicted remained free and able to travel; this was most clearly evident in the case of Sheikh al-Thani who remained in Brussels as a diplomat despite being convicted of manslaughter nearly two years prior. Furthermore, all defendants were absent from the final appeal hearing. During the hearing, Judge Abdalrahman al-Sharafi declared that he would be excluding all testimonies given by the victim's family as evidence, claiming that one cannot be a witness and a plaintiff in the same case.
Judge al-Sharafi further agreed with the owners of Gympanzee in their claim that it was not technically nursery, but an “entertainment centre”. This decision fell inline with the civil employee that decided to license it as such. After establishing that Gympanzee was an entertainment centre rather than a nursery, the co-owners were fare less criminally-accountable under Qatari law.
On the 26th of October, 2015 Qatar's Appeals court overturned all five convictions and dropped all charges. The decision was met with shock and disappointment by the families of the blaze victims. During the judge's five-hour reading of the verdict some victim's family members reportedly stormed out of the court in anger.
While Mr. Rabban was also cleared of his involuntary manslaughter charge, the court found that his company was guilty of the same crime and, as such; Villaggio and its insurance company would have to pay a fine of only $5,500, and compensation to the victim's families.


John M. Winstead Houses

The John M. Winstead Houses, also known as Pleasant Hill, are three antebellum houses in Brentwood, Tennessee that were together listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
A 1988 study of Williamson County historic resources lists two buildings, each named John Winstead House, that are designated as county historic resources WM-107 and WM-108.
The house designated WM-108 comprises two log structures. The first was built as a single log pen home around 1800 by John Winstead, Sr., who was one of the first white settlers in the Williamson County area, having arrived in 1799. Around 1820, by which time Winstead had extensive land holdings and owned 10 slaves, he built a second single pen log cabin, oriented diagonally to the first cabin. Winstead, Sr., died in 1822, and his family continued to live on the property. Around 1870 the two cabins were connected by a framed-in structure. Similar construction is found in the Lamb-Stephens House and the Abram Glenn House.
The house designated WM-107, now known as Pleasant Hill Mansion, was built near the cabins by John M. Winstead, Jr., who by then owned about of farmland. It is a two-story brick central passage I-frame home that was started in 1855 and took three years to complete. It has a central-bay entrance with Greek Revival detailing, including a two-story portico with square columns topped by capitals with Doric motifs. John Winstead, Jr., lived in this home until his death in 1896, after which ownership of the home passed to a related family named Edmondson. The house is now used as the clubhouse of the Governors Club golf course. It is similar in design to the James J. Sayers House (deemed National Register-eligible but not listed due to owner objection), and the National Register-listed John Seward House, Newton Jordan House, and Thomas Holt House.
When listed on the National Register, the property included three contributing buildings and three other contributing structures on an area of .


Horton Hall

Horton Hall, known locally as Horton House, was a stone-built Georgian stately home, now demolished, located on a 3,764 acre estate stretching across nine parishes on the Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire borders.
History.
The earliest entry for Horton can be found in the "Domesday Book" from 1086, when Odbert held 2 hides "in Hortone". The land passed down to his son Alouf de Merke in the following century but it is not until the early 14th century that Ralph de Botyler is certified Lord of the Manor of Horton, implying the existence of a messuage of some significance. The manor passed to John Mortimer of Grendon who passed it on to Roger Salisbury, commemorated in 1492 by a brass plaque in St. Mary's Church at Horton. Roger's grand-daughter Mary married William Parr, uncle to Henry VIII's sixth and last queen, Catherine Parr. Having become Lord of the Manor, William was created Baron Parr of Horton in 1543 and is memorialised with his wife Mary in a fine alabaster altar tomb in Horton Church.
Descendants of the Parrs succeeded to the Manor until ownership passed to the first Earl of Manchester Henry Montagu in the early 17th Century. Over the next 160 years, six generations of the Montagu family added to the house and extended the grounds. An estate map of 1622 reveals a sizeable Tudor mansion built around two courtyards and an octagonal tower in its southeastern corner, the birth place of Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, who later established the Bank of England. By 1721, the Montagus had set about developing the house and estate, surrounding the house with formal gardens in keeping with their growing influence both locally and in Parliament. The last Montagu to live at Horton, George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, extended the house even further commencing around 1742, eventually completely replacing the original medieval edifice with a grand Palladian mansion designed by Daniel Garrett, completed by Thomas Wright after 1753, when Garrett died. Contemporary drawings reveal a central dome and two bows topped by domes, the latter observed by Horace Walpole when he visited in 1763.
By 1781, the Montagus had run out of male heirs and the entire estate was sold to Sir Robert Gunning. Horton House was described in 1791 as a spacious mansion of great beauty set in an extensive park with a pavilion at both ends of the park with follies, a menagerie, temples, serpentine lakes as well as out-buildings. By the time that James Storer presented his engraving of the house in 1812, the house looked much as it did in 1935 but with the domes missing, presumed demolished. Four generations of the Gunning family lived at Horton Hall until 1888 when it was sold for its investment potential to Pickering Phipps II, a Northampton brewer. Phipps leased the house as a boarding school until 1899, when the lease expired. Horton Hall had been neglected but was purchased the same year by George Winterbottom, a wealthy industrialist, together with the greater estate including land and properties in the villages and parishes of Horton, Hackleton, Piddington, Quinton, Preston Deanery, Stoke Goldington, Ravenstone, Roade and Hanslope. Winterbottom set about extending the house, adding a new front and entrance hall to the north side, squaring the building off and completely refurbishing the interior, commissioning a series of large murals on canvas by Sir Frank Brangwyn. Winterbottom breathed new life in to the estate by building a new village hall at Hackleton and donating a cricket ground and pavillion for the newly formed Horton House Cricket Club, which thrive today.
"Gone but not Forgotten".
Winterbottom died in 1934, leaving his considerable fortune and estate to be divided amongst his widow and six children. Horton Hall had been refurbished, modernised, augmented with pleasure gardens and a swimming pool, and was just too large for private buyers in the midst of The Depression. The House and gardens were sold to a developer and were demolished in 1936 to make way for new housing. Of the original 18th and 19th century buildings associated with the main house, four are grade II listed and remain in use today. These include dual lodges, The Menagerie, fully restored by Gervase Jackson-Stops, The New Temple, "as fine as any at Stowe or Stourhead", which was converted so that the portico forms the centre of a substantial property and was renamed Temple House, and finally the brick stable block and coach house, which was restored, converted and renamed Captain's Court. The beautiful interiors, fireplaces, marbles, panelled rooms, main staircase, "stone and door knob" were all auctioned, with some of the murals now held by the Dunedin Public Art Gallery, and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa both in New Zealand.
Horton Hall was an historic building whose owners, as certified Lords of the Manor, had a duty of care to a large community of villages and tenants that was neither sustainable nor appropriate as a social model in the 20th century. Those same owners were often historic world figures, six of whom were appointed High Sheriffs to a grateful County, from Roger Salisbury in 1467 to George Winterbottom in 1906. What remains of the original house are valuable fragments of the social history of England, some scattered across the globe.
External links.
Horton House Cricket Club


St Michael Bassishaw

St Michael Bassishaw, or Basinshaw, was a parish church in Basinghall Street in the City of London, standing on land now occupied by the Barbican Centre complex. Recorded since the 12th century, the church was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666, then rebuilt by the office of Sir Christopher Wren. The rebuilt church was demolished in 1900.
History.
St Michael Bassishaw was one of seven churches in the City of London dedicated to the Archangel Michael.
The earliest surviving reference to the church is in a deed of 1196, as “St Michael de Bassishaghe”. This has been interpreted as Basing’s haw, in which Basing is the name of a prominent family in medieval London and ‘haw’ means yard.
The north wall of the 12th-century church was built over Roman and medieval rubbish pits, so that it had to be strengthened by buttresses. This was established by excavations in the late 19th century and in 1965.
A 14th-century parish priest of St Michael’s, by the name of William, dug a ditch outside the church to assert his ownership and control of the right of way, but was obliged by the Corporation of London to fill it in again.
The church was rebuilt in the 15th century. John Burton, a mercer, and his wife Agnes were major contributors to the cost "as appeared by his mark placed throughout the whole roof of the Choir, and the middle Isle of the Church". Burton died in 1460 and was buried in the choir of the new church.
From the fifteenth century, the dean and chapter of St Paul's Cathedral were patrons of the parish, meaning they appointed its clergy.
A chapel was built on the north side of the choir by Sir James Yerford (or Yarford), Lord Mayor in 1520. He was buried there in 1527. The building restored in 1630, but all was lost in the Great Fire of 1666.
In 1662, Francis Hall, a chaplain to Charles II, was appointed as Rector. He fled the parish on the outbreak of the Great Plague of London in 1665, and returned only in 1670 to collect his stipend. His substitute, a priest called Williams, succumbed to the plague in September 1665, along with his wife and three children.
17th century rebuilding.
Following the Great Fire of London, a new church designed by Wren was begun in 1675 and was completed four years later. The contractor, John Fitch, encountered problems with the foundations at the east end, so removed them and piled the ground. The walls were faced with brick, instead of the usual stone, and there were load-bearing Corinthian columns. Fitch’s work was unsatisfactory to the parish, and his columns were later described as "specimens of... jerry-building... made up of several sorts of materials and plastered over." By 1693, the parish was lobbying Wren to pay for repairs. By 1700, the church was being shored up and was in need of repair. This was undertaken in 1713, when the upper parts of the walls were taken down and rebuilt, the slate roof was replaced with a lead roof, and a steeple was added. The total cost of rebuilding was £5,704, then a gigantic sum.
The tower, also of brick, was to the west of the church. The steeple, probably designed by Robert Hooke, took the form of an octagonal drum surmounted by a lantern, from which emerged a trumpet-shaped cone. On top of this was a ball and finial, which survived the demolition and are now on the spire of St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe.
In 1839, George Godwin described St Michael's as "a plain substantial building without any striking features". It was 70 feet long and 50 feet wide, divided into a nave and aisles by Corinthian columns, which supported an elaborate entablature and a coved ceiling. The plan was irregular, and the building was smaller than the pre-Fire church. The main front was on the east side, facing onto Basinghall Street, and was unadorned except for a large round-headed window flanked by two round windows.
In 1821, the brickwork was rendered with stucco and pointed in imitation of stone.
Burials.
The Harleian Society copied the parish registers and compiled a series of books in 1944. Volume 74. The work was transcribed and edited by A.W Hughes Clarke F.S.A. It lists the baptisms, marriages and burials in this parish between 1733-1852. It comprises 189 pages of names dates and other details.
Demolition.
In the late 19th century, sanitary regulations obliged the church to clear its crypt of human remains. The work revealed the weakness of the foundations, and in 1892 the church was judged unsafe and was closed, its parish combined with that of St Lawrence Jewry. St Michael Bassishaw was demolished in 1900 and the land sold to the City of London Corporation for £36,000. Part of the proceeds was used to build two new churches in Edmonton, in north London, St Aldhelm's church, Silver Street, London, N18 (consecrated 1903; architect W. D. Caroe, 1857–1938), and St Michael's church, Bury Street, London, N9 (consecrated 1901; architect W. D. Caroe, 1857–1938). St Michael's was declared redundant in 1982 and converted into apartments.
An office building called Bassishaw House was built on the site of the City church. This was demolished in 1965. An archaeological excavation was carried out, during which some remains of the church's mediaeval foundations were uncovered. Today the site once occupied by St Michael’s lies beneath the courtyard of the Guildhall offices and the Barbican highwalk.
A plaster royal coat of arms from St Michael Bassishaw – the grandest of those in any Wren church – can now be found in the Guildhall complex. The weathervane went to St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe and the organ to King's College, Taunton.


Childress Commercial and Civic Historic District

The Childress Commercial and Civic Historic District is a historic district in Childress, Texas which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. The district includes 93 contributing buildings, five contributing structures, three contributing sites, and two contributing objects, as well as 30 non-contributing buildings.
Over 60 acres are in the city's Fair Park, and it includes about 17 city blocks plus a discontiguous 1.3 acre parcel holding the former J.J. Rhoads School gymnasium and auditorium, a landmark in an historically African-American neighborhood.
The majority of its buildings are one-part or two-part commercial buildings, built of cast iron, brick, wood, stone and glass. It includes brick-paved streets installed in the 1920s in much of the commercial area.
Two properties within the district are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks (RTHL). These and other significant buildings include: