Thomas Gray Hull

Thomas Gray Hull (May 20, 1926 – July 29, 2008) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee.
Education and career.
Born in Greeneville, Tennessee, Hull was a Corporal in the United States Army during World War II, from 1944 to 1946. Hull has also been a member of the Asbury United Methodist Church in Greeneville since 1940 and a member of the American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars since 1946. He went to Tusculum College and then received a Juris Doctor from the University of Tennessee College of Law in 1951. He was in private practice in Greeneville from 1951 to 1972. He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1955 to 1965. He was the chief clerk of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1969 to 1970. He was a judge of the 20th Judicial Circuit of Tennessee from 1972 to 1979. In 1979, he and his brother-in-law Carl Brandon bought controlling interest of a bank in Greeneville, now known as Andrew Johnson Bank. He also was instrumental in the formation of Greeneville Federal Bank, where his son serves as president. He was a legal counsel to Governor Lamar Alexander of Tennessee from 1979 to 1981. He was in private practice in Greeneville from 1981 to 1982.
Federal judicial service.
Hull was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on October 24, 1983, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee vacated by Judge Frank Wiley Wilson. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 9, 1983, and received his commission on November 14, 1983. He served as Chief Judge from 1984 to 1991. He assumed senior status on October 1, 2002. Hull served in that capacity until July 29, 2008, due to an extended illness which led to his death, in Greeneville.


Lorraine campaign order of battle

The following units and commanders participated in the Lorraine campaign from September 1 to December 18, 1944.
U.S. Third Army.
Lieutenant General George S. Patton Jr.
German Army Group G.
General der Panzertruppe Hermann Balck
First Army.
General der Panzertruppe otto von Knobelsdorff


Suffolk Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Siege of Suffolk of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. The casualties are derived from the Official Records.
Department of Virginia & VII Corps.
MG Erasmus D. Keyes
MG John A. Dix
Suffolk Garrison.
MG John J. Peck

North Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
Acting Rear Admiral Samuel P. Lee


337th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 337th Infantry Division () was a German Army infantry division in World War II. It was formed on 16 November 1940 in Kempten. The division was destroyed on the Eastern front in July 1944 and formed the stab of Divisionsgruppe 337 on 7 August 1944 which later was the basis of the 337. Volks-Grenadier-Division.


Mine Creek Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Mine Creek of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately.
Army of Missouri.
MG Sterling Price


Panzerfunker


General (Switzerland)

The General (, , , ) is an office and rank in the armed forces of Switzerland. It is held by the commander-in-chief of the Army in time of war only. Under the Swiss Constitution, he must be elected by the Federal Assembly, assembled as the United Federal Assembly, specifically for the purpose of taking on the war-time responsibilities.
Role.
Outside of wartime, the rank of "General" is not used in the Swiss military. Indeed, none of the ranks of general officer contain the word "general". In peacetime, the Chief of the Swiss Armed Forces is granted the rank of "Korpskommandant" (equivalent to Lieutenant-General).
The general is elected by a joint session of the Federal Assembly, known as the United Federal Assembly, wherein both the 200-seat National Council and 46-seat Council of States join together on a 'one member, one vote' basis. The Federal Assembly retains the sole power to dismiss the General, but the General remains subordinate to the Federal Council by the Council's ability to demobilise and hence making the position of General redundant.
Swiss law does not establish the precise conditions when a General is to be elected, merely that the Federal Assembly may do so "as soon as an important number of troops are to be mobilised." The Federal Assembly retains the sole power to dismiss the General, but the General remains subordinate to the Federal Council by the Council's ability to demobilise the armed forces. The General is, however, permitted to adapt the internal structure of the Armed Forces in response to the strategic imperatives.
History.
Prior to the establishment of Switzerland as a federal state in 1848, Guillaume Henri Dufour was nominated by the Swiss Diet to serve as general in response to the invasion of Ticino during the Sonderbund War. As a consequence of that civil war, the structure of the Swiss Confederation was revised and a new constitution was promulgated in 1848, creating the modern Swiss government.
During the 1850s, Dufour was called upon three more times to serve as General on behalf of the entire federal government: in 1849 to prevent possible incursions into Swiss territory during the Baden Revolution; in 1856, to pre-empt Prussian military intervention in the Neuchâtel Crisis; and finally in 1859, to keep belligerents in the Franco-Austrian War from entering Switzerland. No other individual has held the position of general of the Swiss Armed Forces more often.
The Sonderbund War marked the last time that a General was nominated for Switzerland to assume command of forces directly involved in armed conflict. Since then, the Swiss Armed Forces have been mobilised to safeguard the integrity of Swiss territory in times of European conflict or crisis. Such was also the case for the Franco-Prussian War, the First World War and the Second World War. The mobilisation of the armed forces was a demonstration of the principle of "Armed Neutrality".
Nowadays, the general staff of the armed forces comprises officers with the ranks of "Brigadier", "Divisionär" (Major General), "Korpskommandant" (Lieutenant General) and, although not currently held, General. The Chief of the Swiss Armed Forces is given the rank of "Korpskommandant," which may be held by other senior officers as well.
A common misconception would hold that a Swiss "general" serves as the head of the Swiss delegation to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission at the DMZ on the Korean Peninsula. Although the head is addressed as Major General for the duration of his mandate, this is a courtesy translation of the rank designation of "Divisionär," used within the Swiss Armed Forces.
List of generals.
The following Swiss officers have held the rank of General as the leaders of the Army in time of war:


Brigade major

A brigade major was the chief of staff of a brigade in the British Army. He most commonly held the rank of major, although the appointment was also held by captains, and was head of the brigade's "G - Operations and Intelligence" section directly, and oversaw the two other branches, "A – Administration" and "Q – Quartermaster". Intentionally ranked lower than the lieutenant colonels commanding the brigade's combat battalions, his role was to expand on, detail and execute the intentions of the commanding brigadier.
In 1913, staff captains of artillery in the British Army were re-styled as brigade majors to bring them into line with cavalry and infantry practice. In the 21st century, the title is no longer used except in the Household Division and in divisional-level artillery headquarters. As of 2014 the title is still retained by HQ London District.
During World War I, the brigade major was reportedly "a key personality who affected the health and happiness of the battalions." He was in most frequent contact with the front-line troops and was responsible for planning brigade operations. Many brigade majors held the rank of captain, e.g., the future prime minister, Anthony Eden, was a brigade major at the age of twenty-one.
The practice of using brigade majors has continued in some Commonwealth armies, such as that of India. The position was a standard fixture in the British Army and Canadian Army until between 1982 and 1984 when the NATO system was adopted and brigade G-3 (Operations), also known as "Chief of Staff", replaced the brigade major. In the old system, the brigade major was a Staff Officer 2 in charge of "G Branch", abbreviated "GSO2", General Staff Officer (Grade 2).


Philippine Sea order of battle

The Battle of the Philippine Sea was fought 19-20 June 1944 in the waters west of the Mariana Islands by elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy's Combined Fleet and of the United States Navy's Pacific Fleet. The battle exacted a terrible toll from the Japanese naval air arm, costing them most of their few remaining experienced pilots. The Combined Fleet was no longer capable of serious offensive operations after this engagement. Historian Samuel Eliot Morison characterized it this way:
"This was the greatest carrier battle of the war. The forces engaged were three to four times those in preceding actions like Midway, and victory was so complete that the Japanese could never again engage on such a scale. ... above all the skill, initiative, and intrepid courage of the young aviators made this day one of the high points in the history of the American spirit".
Since the Japanese assumed the tactical offensive, their forces are listed first.
 Japanese forces
 American forces
Ship losses during campaign

IJN: 2 fleet carriers, 1 old fleet carrier, 5 destroyers, 2 oilers, 4 1st-class submarines, 9 2nd-class submarines

USN: -none-

Aircraft losses

IJN: 243

USN: 130

Japanese order of battle.
Mobile Fleet

Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa in "Taihō"
Van Force.
Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita in "Atago"

Carrier Division 3 (Rear Admiral Sueo Obayashi):
Battleship Division 1 (Vice Admiral Matome Ugaki):
Battleship Division 3 (Vice Admiral Yoshio Suzuki):
Cruiser Division 4 (Vice Admiral Kurita):
Screen (Rear Admiral Mikio Hayakawa in "Noshiro"):
"A" Force.
Vice Admiral Ozawa

Carrier Division 1 (Vice Admiral Ozawa):
Cruiser Division 5 (Rear Admiral Shintaro Hashimoto):
Screen (Rear Admiral Susumu Kimura in "Yahagi"):
"B" Force.
Rear Admiral Takaji Joshima

Carrier Division 2 (Rear Admiral Joshima):
Screen:
Supply Forces.
1st Supply Force

2nd Supply Force

Submarine Forces.
Vice Admiral Takeo Takagi at Saipan

American order of battle.
US Fifth Fleet

Admiral Raymond A. Spruance in heavy cruiser
Task Force 58.
Task Force 58 – Fast Carrier Forces

Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitscher in fleet carrier

Task Group 58.1.
Carrier Division 13 (Rear Admiral Joseph J. Clark)

2 fleet carriers:
2 light carriers:
Cruiser Division 10: 3 heavy cruisers (Rear Admiral Leo H. Thebaud):
2 anti-aircraft light cruisers: (Rear Admiral Thebaud):
14 destroyers (Capt. Clark):
Task Group 58.2.
Carrier Division 3 (Rear Admiral Alfred E. Montgomery)

2 fleet carriers:
2 light carriers:
Cruiser Division 13: 3 light cruisers (Rear Admiral Laurance T. DuBose):
12 destroyers:
Task Group 58.3.
Carrier Division 2 (Rear Admiral John W. Reeves)

2 fleet carriers:
2 light carriers:
1 heavy cruiser:
Cruiser Division 12: 3 light cruisers (Rear Admiral Robert W. Hayler)
1 anti-aircraft light cruiser:
Screen:
Task Group 58.4.
Carrier Division 12 (Rear Admiral William K. Harrill)

Cruiser Division 14 (Rear admiral Wilder D. Baker)
1 anti-aircraft light cruiser:
14 destroyers:
Task Group 58.7.
Commander, Battleships, Pacific Fleet (Vice Admiral Willis Augustus Lee)

Battleship Division 6 (Vice Admiral Lee)
Battleship Division 7 (Rear Admiral Olaf M. Hustvedt)
Battleship Division 8 (Rear Admiral Glenn B. Davis)
Battleship Division 9 (Rear Admiral Edward Hanson)
Cruiser Division 6 (Rear Admiral C. Turner Joy)
14 destroyers:


Olustee Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Olustee of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.
District of Florida.
BG Truman Seymour


Subaltern (military)

A subaltern () is a primarily British military term for a junior officer. Literally meaning "subordinate", subaltern is used to describe commissioned officers below the rank of captain and generally comprises the various grades of lieutenant.
Ensign and Fähnrich stand for standard or standard-bearer and were, therefore, the ranks given to the junior officer who carried, or was responsible for, the flag in battle. The cornet carried the troop standard, known as a "cornet". These ranks have generally been replaced in army ranks by second lieutenant. Ensigns were generally the lowest ranking commissioned officer, except where the rank of subaltern itself existed.
United Kingdom.
In the British Army, the senior subaltern rank was captain-lieutenant, obsolete since the 18th century. Before the Cardwell Reforms of the British Army in 1871, the ranks of cornet and ensign were the junior subaltern ranks in the cavalry and infantry respectively, and were responsible for the flag. A subaltern takes temporary command of proceedings during Trooping the Colour. Within the ranks of subaltern, in a battalion or regiment, a Senior Subaltern may be appointed, usually by rank and seniority, who is responsible for discipline within the junior officer ranks and is responsible to the adjutant for this duty, although the adjutant is ultimately responsible to the commanding officer for the discipline of all the junior officers within the unit.
United States.
The Continental Army carried over the rank structure from the British Army including the subaltern ranks of lieutenant, cornet, ensign and subaltern. Continental Army subalterns ranks were supposed to wear green colored cockades in their hats. State militias in the American Revolutionary War period had ensign and sometimes subaltern ranks, with the subaltern rank below the ensign rank where they coexisted. In 1800, the United States Army's cornet, ensign and subaltern ranks were replaced by second lieutenant. In 1862, the United States Navy began using the ensign rank, which began using a gold bar as insignia in 1922. Second lieutenants received the gold bar insignia in 1917. When the United States Air Force became a separate military branch from the Army, it kept the Army's commissioned officers ranks and insignia.
Women's ranks.
From 1941 to 1949, the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) of the British Army used the ranks of second subaltern and subaltern, which were equivalent to second lieutenant and lieutenant respectively. From 1949 to 1950, the ATS's successor organization, the Women's Royal Army Corps, also used the same ranks until it abandoned them in favour of regular British Army ranks. Princess Elizabeth held the rank of second subaltern in the ATS during World War II.


Vicksburg Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Siege of Vicksburg of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign.
Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana.
Army of Vicksburg.
LTG John C. Pemberton, Commanding


J. Joseph Garrahy

John Joseph Garrahy (November 26, 1930 – January 24, 2012), known to Rhode Islanders as J. Joseph Garrahy or just "Joe", was an American politician. He served as the 69th Governor of Rhode Island from 1977 to 1985.
Early life.
Garrahy was born on November 26, 1930 in Providence, Rhode Island. Garrahy achieved the rank of Eagle Scout on August 25, 1947, at age 16. He attended La Salle Academy in Providence, and in 1952 he attended the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. In 1953, he attended the University of Rhode Island. Later that year, Garrahy joined the United States Air Force, where he served until 1955. After his military service, Garrahy married Margherite De Pietro with whom he had five children. Garrahy embarked on a business career, primarily as a salesman with the Narragansett Brewing Company.
Political career.
Garrahy was elected to the Rhode Island Senate in 1962 as a Democrat, and served there until 1968. While in the Senate, he also served as Deputy Majority leader from 1963 onwards.
In 1968, Garrahy was elected the 61st Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island, and served in that office until 1977.
Governorship.
In November 1976 Garrahy was elected Governor of Rhode Island, defeating Republican James Taft in the general election with 54 percent of the vote. He took office in January 1977 and served as governor until 1985, after being reelected in 1978, 1980 and 1982. By the end of his four terms, Garrahy was immensely popular, and likely could have served longer if he wanted. On his death in 2012, Garrahy was remembered as a "people's governor" and a friend of the working class.
Achievements.
During his time as Governor, Garrahy:
Blizzard of 1978.
The defining event of Garrahy's governorship was the Great Blizzard of February 1978. The blizzard paralyzed the entire state with up to 56 inches of snow. Garrahy lived in his office at the Rhode Island State House in Providence for three days until the crisis was under control. Garrahy was remembered for wearing a red and black plaid flannel shirt during the crisis. The shirt became widely associated with Garrahy; in 2000, he donated the shirt to the Rhode Island Historical Society, where it was placed on display. For years afterward, Garrahy would be asked about the shirt.
Garrahy's response to the storm became a template for public officials reacting to similar situations. Garrahy's calm demeanor and pleasant personality provided comfort to many Rhode Islanders in distress during the blizzard's aftermath.
In 1980, Garrahy traveled to the Soviet Union as part of an arms control delegation.
Although Republican candidates in Rhode Island were largely successful in the 1984 elections, Garrahy was not seen as a primary factor in their success. Despite political reform being a major campaign theme for Republicans that year, there were no scandals associated with Garrahy.
Later life.
In 1988, Garrahy was named to the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame. He served on the board of the Providence and Worcester Railroad since 1992. He was active in the Knights of Columbus, and was also an active Rhode Island Commodore. Garrahy summered in Florida, and died in West Palm Beach on January 24, 2012. He was buried at New Saint Francis Cemetery in South Kingstown.


Battle of Caporetto order of battle

The Battle of Caporetto (also known as the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo or the Battle of Karfreit as it was known by the Central Powers; ), took place from 24 October to 19 November 1917, near the town of Kobarid (now in Slovenia), on the Austro-Italian front of World War I. The battle was named after the Italian name of the town of Kobarid (known as "Karfreit" in German).
Italian Army.
Detailed order of battle.
Italian 2nd Army (Lieutenant General Luigi Capello)
In 1st line:
In 2nd line:
German and Austro-Hungarian Armies.
Detailed order of battle.
German 14th Army (General der Infanterie Otto von Below)
Army Group "Boroević" (Generaloberst Svetozar Boroević)<br>
Austro-Hungarian 2nd Isonzo Army (part) (General der Infanterie Johann Ritter von Henriquez)


Operation Goodwood order of battle

This is the order of battle for Operation Goodwood, a World War II battle between British and German forces in Normandy, France between 18 July and 20 July 1944.


Naval Strike Wing

The Naval Strike Wing (NSW) was a flying unit of the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy. It was formed on 9 March 2007 (following the re-forming of 800 Naval Air Squadron in 2006, and 801 Naval Air Squadron on 9 March 2007). It included elements of 801 and 800 Squadrons, amalgamated into a single operational unit for deployment either on land or aboard the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers. Equipped with Harrier GR7 and GR9 aircraft and based at RAF Cottesmore, NSW was the Naval component of Joint Force Harrier.
On 1 April 2010, NSW reverted to the identity of 800 NAS, flying the Harrier GR9 and GR9A variants. Following the decision to withdraw the Harrier from service in the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, a Harrier GR9 made its last flight from a Royal Navy aircraft carrier, , on 24 November 2010.


Stabshauptmann

Stabshauptmann (short: StHptm) meaning "Staff Captain", is a German Senior Captain rank and the highest military rank in the Bundeswehr for specialist officers ().
Bundeswehr.
Instead of being promoted to the rank of major, specialist officers that were holding the rank of Hauptmann (Captain) for a specific time are promoted to the rank of Stabshauptmann and given the salary of a Major. Sometimes regular officers are promoted to a post that is intended for a Stabshauptmann if there is no free post for a Major.
The badge of rank is four silver stars. It is one of the rarest ranks in the German military. The rank has no history outside the Bundeswehr and has been created especially for the MilFD officers. Those are former NCOs who have accomplished a special training programme through which they are given the opportunity to become officers. Their duties are, however, specific, similar to that of a Warrant officer in the English-speaking armies.
⇒ Artikle: Ranks of the German Bundeswehr
⇒ Artikle: Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr
Rank insignia.
On the shoulder straps (Heer, Luftwaffe) there are four silver pips (stars).
There is no corresponding rank for officers in Bundeswehr Joint Medical Service.
Historical background outside of Bundeswehr.
Historically, a rank named "Stabshauptmann" (also: "Stabskapitän") existed in several German armies in the 18th century. However, while the modern Stabshauptman is a Senior Captain senior to a regular Hauptmann, the historical Stabshauptmann was a Junior captain, ranking below Hauptmann rank. In 18th century armies companies often were "owned" by a noble man, who formally was the company's captain, but did not actually command the unit. Instead, the owner of the company appointed an officer from the company his "Stabshauptmann", who technically served as the Hauptmann's mere staff assistant, but actually led the unit in his place.
The reversing in ranking of "Hauptmann" and "Stabshauptmann" in modern times is consequence of the practice in modern German military organisations (Reichswehr, Wehrmacht) to name the highest rank of a rank group beginning with the prefix "Stabs-", indicating that the holder serves in staff position to officers of the next higher rank group, e.g. during World War II, the highest NCO rank in the German army was Stabsfeldwebel, who served as direct assistant to company-grade officers or in staff function. However, this is no longer represented in the Bundeswehr's post-World War II rank structure since the creation of rank levels senior to the "Stabs-" level of ranks, denoted by the prefix "Oberstabs-" ("Senior Staff-", e.g. Oberstabsfeldwebel). There are no plans to create the rank of "Oberstabshauptmann".
International comparison.
German pay grade of Stabshauptmann is A13, same as of Major (Hauptmann: A12). According to NATO's STANAG 2116, the NATO rank code of Stabshauptmann is OF-2, same as for regular Hauptmann and therefore equal to Captain rank in other NATO armies. To express the seniority of Stabshauptmann, "OF-2a" or other modifications of the official NATO rank code are in use unofficially.
A similar rank outside the German Bundeswehr is the "primo capitano" (First Captain) in the Italian military.


Driver Proficiency Badge (Wehrmacht)

The Driver Proficiency Badge () was a German military badge awarded to drivers of military transport vehicles during World War II.
Eligibility.
The Driver Proficiency Badge was established on 23 October 1942 to reward drivers of military transport vehicles, including trucks, cars and motorcycles, who served for specified periods in a war zone after 1 December 1940. Both service personnel and civilian drivers under Wehrmacht command could qualify, as could foreign volunteers, but not members of forces allied to Germany.
The requirement for the award was to have served since 1 December 1940 on the front line or in rear areas on the Balkan, North African and Eastern Fronts, with other areas added as the war progressed. The qualifying period depended on the type of vehicle driven. For the bronze badge this was:
The silver badge was awarded where these requirements were met for a second time; with the gold for a third time. The badge could be awarded for shorter periods where drivers faced particularly arduous conditions, or for special driving achievement. Awards were authorised by battalion commanders and above or, for civilians, by the Ministry of the Interior.
The award could be forfeited, for example if the recipient drove dangerously or failed to maintain his vehicle. It could not be awarded posthumously.
Design and wear.
The badge consists of a laurel wreath, 44 mm high and 41mm wide, containing a depiction of a steering wheel. It was made from iron or zinc alloy, with the appropriate colour finish. Attached to a fabric base, it was sewn on the uniform jacket above the left cuff.
Wear of Nazi era awards was banned in 1945. In 1957 the Driver Proficiency Badge was among the World War II decorations re-authorised for wear by qualifying veterans by the Federal Republic of Germany. While many awards were re-designed to remove the swastika, the original Driver Proficiency Badge could be worn unaltered as it did not bear this symbol. Members of the Bundeswehr who earned the badge during the war could wear it on the ribbon bar, represented by a small replica of the award on a field grey ribbon.


Fortress Division Warsaw (Wehrmacht)

The Fortress Division Warsaw (German: "Festung-Division “Warschau”") was a fortress division of the Army Group A of the German Wehrmacht in World War II.
Ordered formed on 12 January 1945, the Fortress Division Warsaw was formed in Warsaw by converting a number of various units into the division. The division was destroyed in the fighting for the capture of Warsaw by the Soviets, its remains being either captured or fleeing back into Germany.
Divisional history.
The division was set up in early January 1945 in the Polish capital Warsaw to defend the same against the Red Army as part of the strategy of permanent positions.
The dissolving division, subordinate to the 9th Army, was initially probably enclosed in Warsaw (on January 16, the defense consisted of only four battalions of the fortress division). and later, after the city was captured, on January 18, 1945, almost completely destroyed by the Red Army. Then the remnants of the Fortress Division Warsaw united with the 73rd Infantry Division to strengthen the defense of Festung Thorn. Previously, the commander of the 9th Army, "General der Panzertruppe" Smilo von Lüttwitz, had given up the defense of the city without a higher order, which dissolved the cohesion of the troops. "Generalleutnant" Friedrich Weber, the commander of the fortress division, was then transferred to the Führerreserve, sentenced to parole at the front and no longer received a military command.
The division was officially disbanded on February 27, 1945.
Commander.
"Generalleutnant" Friedrich Weber (January 1945).


La Hogaza order of battle

The order of battle for the Battle of La Hogaza, on December 2, 1817 in the Venezuelan War of Independence during the Spanish American wars of independence proceeded as follows:


Robert Pirosh

Robert Pirosh (April 1, 1910 – December 25, 1989) was an American motion picture and television screenwriter and director.
Early years.
Pirosh was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and graduated from the Baltimore City College high school in 1928. His preparation for a career in Hollywood included study at the Sorbonne in France and the University of Berlin in Germany.
Career.
Pirosh began his film career in 1934 as a junior writer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, working with fellow newcomer George Seaton. The two collaborated on the Marx Brothers' 1935 comedy "A Night at the Opera" and their next film, "A Day at the Races", in 1937. He and Delmer Daves adapted Ayn Rand's "Night of January 16th" for a 1941 film of the same name directed by William Clemens. In 1942 he collaborated on the screwball comedy "Rings on Her Fingers" for Henry Fonda and Gene Tierney.
Pirosh served in World War II as a Master Sergeant with the 320th Regiment, 35th Infantry Division. He saw action in the Ardennes and Rhineland campaigns. During the Battle of the Ardennes, he led a patrol into Bastogne to support the surrounded American forces there. In 1944 he produced his first film, Danny Kaye's "Up in Arms".
He earned an Academy Award for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay in 1949 for his script for the World War II drama "Battleground", a film he also produced, that was the first based on the Ardennes battle. His work was also honored in other venues that year. Pirosh won the Golden Globe and the Writers Guild of America awards.
In 1951, he was nominated for another Academy Award for the screenplay "Go for Broke!". This was his directorial debut. He would go on to write the story for the highly regarded Steve McQueen World War II film "Hell Is for Heroes", directed by Don Siegel, believed to be the basis for TV's "Combat!" (which he created). He also directed 1954's "Valley of the Kings" and 1955's "The Girl Rush".
Pirosh wrote the episode "The Man From Leadville" for the 1976 CBS western television series "Sara".


Military ranks of Tajikistan

The Military ranks of Tajikistan are the military insignia used by the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan. Being a former member of Soviet Union, Tajikistan shares a rank structure similar to that of Russia. Since 2018, the State Language Committee of Tajikistan operated a working group that sought to replace the Russian military ranks with pure Tajik/Persian terms. An example of this would be the rank of Colonel, which is currently "Полковник/Polkovnik" would be changed to "Сарлашкар/Sarlashkar". Tajikistan is a landlocked country, and does therefore not possess a navy.
Commissioned officers.
The rank insignia for commissioned officers for the ground forces and air force respectively:
Enlisted.
The rank insignia for enlisted personnel for the army and air force respectively.
Name change.
Guided by the principles of historicism, continuity, unification and standardization of military terminology between Persian-speaking states, the Committee on Language and Terminology, in 2018, invited the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Tajikistan to adopt the names of formations from the Iranian Armed Forces and restore the historical names of units as follows:
Based on the fact that in the Persian-Tajik language military ranks traditionally come from the names of units and formations, the following military rank system for the Tajik Armed Forces was proposed:
Non-officer ranks.
The proposed system of Tajik military ranks sent to the National Security Council of Tajikistan.


Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa

The Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa (French: "Bataillons d'Infanterie Légère d'Afrique" or BILA), better known under the acronym Bat' d'Af', were French infantry and construction units, serving in Northern Africa, made up of men with prison records who still had to do their military service or soldiers with serious disciplinary records.
History.
Creation.
Created by King Louis Philippe I on 13 June 1832, shortly after the French Foreign Legion, the Bat' d'Af' were part of the Army of Africa and were stationed in Tataouine, Tunisia, in one of the most arid and hostile regions of the French colonial empire. The original "Ordonnance royale" (Royal order) creating this corps provided for 2 battalions, each of 8 companies. A third battalion was created in September 1833. According to the order the rank and file of these units were to be drawn from:
(i) serving soldiers who had been sentenced to existing disciplinary companies and who had not completed their period of army service upon release; and
(ii) civilian convicts who upon completing terms of imprisonment had still to meet their obligations for compulsory military service.
Initial service.
The newly raised Bat' d'Af' saw active service for the first time during the conquest of Algeria. They participated in operations at Bougie in 1835 and took part in the siege of Constantine the following year. Between 3 and 6 February 1840 at Mazagran in Algeria, a detachment of 123 chasseurs of the 1st BILA, under Captain Lelievre, held off repeated assaults by several thousand Arabs. This action won the first battle honour for the corps and was subsequently commemorated in all battalions by memorial ceremonies on 6 February each year. A platoon of the Bat' d'Af' served at the Battle of Taghit when the French fort of Taghit was besieged by 4,000 Moroccan tribesmen, who were eventually repelled.
Subsequent history until 1920.
As discipline and living conditions in the Bat' d'Af' were extremely harsh, "Bataillonnaires", colloquially named "Zéphyrs" or "Joyeux" ("Joyous ones"), usually nicknamed their unit "l'Enfer" ("the Hell") or, ironically, "Biribi" (a game of chance of that period). However, they fought credibly in the Crimean war plus the Mexican Intervention; and won honours during the First World War and in the various colonial wars. They also assumed the role of construction troops, building not only desert forts but also roads and bridges.
"Biribi" reached a peak between the 1880s and 90s, when it played its most conspicuous role. In May 1888 the corps was enlarged to 5 battalions, each of 6 companies. Three battalions (3rd, 4th and 5th) were based in Tunisia while the remaining units served in the southern districts of Algeria. On the eve of World War I 2 battalions were on active service in Morocco. During 1914-18 3 "bataillons de Marche" (temporary "marching battalions" formed for particular purposes) served on the Western Front with distinction (see Battle Honours and Fourragères below). The permanent units remained in French North Africa, providing garrisons and mobile columns.
Character.
One of the considerations behind the creation and expansion of the French army's disciplinary battalions was the need to resolve a seeming contradiction: men, whose crimes in civilian life had resulted in the loss of civil rights, gained an undeserved privilege in being exempted from military service. As their enlistment in regular units could have spread indiscipline among serving soldiers, the solution was to draft them into separate disciplinary battalions.
Although the Bats d'Af are commonly described as penal units, their purpose was not punishment but segregation in what were officially described as "redemptive combat units" ("corps d'epreuve"). In addition to petty criminals and military offenders, the rank and file also included a number of soldiers suspected of Communard sympathies during the 1870s and the ringleaders of several mutinies in metropolitan regiments in the early 1900s. Finally, there were also some volunteers who chose for reasons of promotion or other motives to serve in the Bats d'Af.
In opposition to prevailing assumptions about criminality at the time, influenced by Cesare Lombroso's eugenistic theories, the disciplinary battalions of the French Republic were supposed to show that criminals could be redeemed through hard work and combat.
Georges Darien, a soldier condemned for insubordination was sent for 33 months in the Bat' d'Af'. In 1890, he published a novel, named "Biribi", where he described and denounced the horrific treatment and corporal punishments which he endured in the Bat' d'Af'.
Many "Bataillonnaires" displayed tattoos covering much of the body, as was customary in the French criminal underworld of the early 20th century (see examples here).
Interwar period and World War II.
Their bad reputation and doubts about their efficiency as a mean of rehabilitation led to the dissolution of most Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa during the interwar period. Following the disbandment of the 1st and 2nd Battalions, serving personnel were transferred to the 3rd Battalion in 1927. In the course of France's general mobilisation in 1939, 12 additional battalions of Light Infantry (BIL) were created but the historic title of Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa (BILA) was retained only by those units continuing to serve in French North Africa. During 1939-40 both the BIL and the BILA served primarily as construction units, working on fortifications, railways and roads in France, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. All were disbanded between July and October 1940 following the battle of France.
Final years and disbandment.
A single company of the BILA was re-established in April 1944, becoming a full battalion in September 1948. It was based at Tataouine, the original garrison of the Bat' d'Af'. This formation provided a marching battalion, renamed the "Bataillon d'Infanterie légère d'Outre-Mer" (BILOM) which participated in the First Indochina War by manning a number of posts in the Bencat sector. Upon returning to Tunisia in November 1952 it was merged with the depot detachments of the BILA. Now designated as the 3rd BILA, the unit was transferred to Algeria following Tunisian independence in November 1956. The battalion was reduced to one company in October 1962, which was stationed near the French nuclear testing facilities in the Sahara from 1963 to 1966. This last remaining component of the Bat' d'Af' was then transferred to French Somaliland where it was disbanded on 31 March 1972.
Between 600,000 and 800,000 men served in the Bat' d'Af' from 1832 to 1970, mostly from the working class of Paris and Marseille.
Uniforms and insignia.
Throughout most of their history the Bat' d'Af' wore the uniform of the French line infantry, modified according to the overseas conditions under which they had to serve and with some regimental distinctions. The latter included yellow piping on the blue and red kepi, yellow collar numbers, and for full dress, red epaulettes with green woollen fringes. As light infantry the Bat' d'Af' wore silver buttons and rank braiding rather than the bronze or gold of the line regiments. A bugle horn appeared on buttons and other insignia.
Prior to 1914, the most commonly worn uniform of these units was white fatigue dress with white covered kepi and blue waist sash. The medium blue greatcoat of the French infantry was worn on the march. A full dress uniform of dark blue tunic and red trousers (white in hot weather) could be worn on parade or for off-duty wear. From World War I onwards the Bat' d'Af' were distinguished by "violet" (light purple/red) collar patch braiding and numbers on their khaki drill uniforms. Khaki pith helmets appeared during the 1920s and 30s as an alternative to the kepi, which itself could be worn with khaki or white covers according to the occasion. White dress uniforms were reserved for cadres.
March.
The march of the Bat d'Af is "Les Bataillonnaires":
(*) note that "on s'en fout" would be more accurately translated into "we don't give a fuck" than "we don't care"
Fourragères.
Those units received the fourragères of the following medals :
Battle honours.
On the Regimental flag of the Bat' d'Af' were embroidered those battle honours :
Cadres (NCOs and officers).
The difficult task of obtaining sufficient non-commissioned officers for the Bat' d'Af' was resolved by creating two categories of "sous-officiers". The "cadres blancs" ("white cadres"), like the officers, were professional soldiers who served a term with the BILA before continuing their careers with other regiments. The "cadres noirs" ("black cadres") were former "bataillonnaires" who chose to remain with the Bat' d'Af' on promotion, after finishing their original terms of service.
Disciplinary companies.
The Bat' d'Af' should not be confused with the "compagnies d'exclus" ("companies of the excluded" i.e. thieves) of the French Army, which were stationed at Aîn-Sefra in Southern Algeria. These penal units consisted of military convicts condemned to five years or more hard labour and were judged unworthy to carry weapons. Upon completion of their sentences such convicts might however be required to complete their military service in the Bat' d'Af'.


NATO Rapid Deployable Spanish Corps

The NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Spain (NRDC-SP) (also Rapid Deployable Spanish Corps) is a corps headquarters of the Spanish Army. It was established in 2000 as a High Readiness Force (HRF) of NATO. The staff of NRDC-SP is located in Valencia in Spain.
History.
The NATO Rapid Deployable Headquarters - Spain was established in 2000.
Structure.
The NATO Rapid Deployable Headquarters can be quickly deployed for disaster management, humanitarian assistance, peace support, counterterrorism and high-intensity warfighting.


Emir of Transjordan


25th Dragoons

The 25th Dragoons was a cavalry regiment of the British Army from 1941 to 1947.
Previous regiments bearing the number have been:
The 1941 regiment was raised in Sialkot, India, in February 1941 from a cadre of personnel taken from the 3rd Carabiniers along with volunteers from infantry regiments. It was initially assigned to the 4th Indian Armoured Brigade (which later became 254th Indian Armoured Brigade and, still later, the 254th Indian Tank Brigade). In 1943, it was reassigned to the Indian XV Corps and transported in great secrecy to Arakan prior to taking part in the Battle of the Admin Box, in which its M3 Lee tanks proved decisive.
The 25th Dragoons was the home of British communist, painter, and former International Brigadeer Clive Branson, who was killed by the Japanese at the Battle of the Admin Box.
It spent the remainder of the war in India and Burma. It was part of the 50th Indian Tank Brigade and based in Madras and Bangalore prior to being disbanded in 1947.


40th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment

The 40th Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was a three-year infantry regiment of the Union Army that served in the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, the Army of the Potomac, and the Department of the South during the American Civil War.
Service.
The 40th Massachusetts Infantry was organized at the old militia training camp, renamed Camp Stanton, in Lynnfield, Massachusetts in response to Lincoln's 4 July 1862 call for 300,00 men to serve for three years. On 7 July, Governor Andrew issued General Order 26 which clarified that the Commonwealth's quota for this call was 15,000 men and broke the quota down by cities and towns. As the Commonwealth was already in the process of recruiting and training thee 32nd, 33rd, and 34th, the Adjutant General decided to add the 36th, 37th, 38th, 39th, and 40th to the commitment. In addition to the new regiments, 4,000 men were recruited to reinforce Massachusetts regiments already on active service.
The 40th began training in Lynnfield in August 1862, and mustered for a three-year enlistment by companies between 22 August, and 5 September 1862. Major Burr Porter of New Jersey, a regular officer who had served on Fremont's staff was appointed commander of the regiment and promoted to Colonel. He would not join the regiment until they reached Washington DC. In his stead, Lieutenant Colonel Joseph A. Dalton, a seasoned militia officer took command at Stanton and led it as it left Massachusetts on 8 September by train, arriving in Washington on the night of 11 September where Burr took command.
Defense of Washington.
The regiment arrived at Fort Ethan Allen across the Potomac from the Capitol on 12 September, 1862. It remained manning the defenses of Washington DC, under the operational and administrative control of the 2nd Brigade, Abercrombie's Division, Military District of Washington, until February 1863. This time was relatively uneventful for the regiment save for the response to a raid on 28 December by Stuart's rebel cavalry where they arrived only in time to capture a small number of the cavalry's rear guard. The regiment remained in the defenses south of Washington through the winter and early spring of 1863. On 2 February, the forces defending Washington were reorganized into the XXII Corps. The 40th was assigned to the 2nd Brigade of Abercrombie's Division. On 4 March COL Porter took over command of the brigade and the experienced militia man, Dalton, took command of the 40th.
Operations in Tidewater.
In response to Lt. Gen. Longstreet's Siege of Suffolk, The 2nd Brigade was detached on 15 April 1863, from XXII Corps and sailed down the Potomac to Hampton Roads as part of the relief force.Arriving at midnight on the 17th,the 40th and its brigade became 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, VII Corps, Department of Virginia. After Longstreet lifted the siege to rejoin Lee, the 40th moved across the James to Newport News where it remained for the remainder of May.
Remaining in the Tidewater Virginia during the Gettysburg campaign, the regiment and the corps skirmished regularly with rebel forces keeping it under observation. On 1 July, the Corps raided toward Richmond. While the Army of the Potomac was engaged on its left on 2 July in Pennsylvania, the 40th's sharp repulse of a cavalry raid in force averted a disaster on the raid. After nearing to within fifteen miles of Richmond, the force returned to its positions near Yorktown as the Army of Northern Virginia retreated across the Potomac pursued by Meade.
Traveling by boat and rail, the brigade left the peninsula and joined the Army of the Potomac in Frederick, Maryland. The brigade was broken up as the 40th's brethren regiments were nine-month volunteers and had reached the end of their enlistments. The regiment was temporarily assigned to the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XI Corps, Army of the Potomac, until August 1863. With XI Corps, the 40th joined the pursuit of Lee through the end of July.
Siege of Charleston.
On 7 August, the regiment was embarked for Folly Island south of Charleston, South Carolina. Arriving 13 August, it joined BG Adelbert Ames' 2nd Brigade, BG George H. Gordon's South End of Folly Island Division, MG Quincy A. Gillmore's X Corps, Department of the South. It went up the beach to the trenches in front of Fort Wagner on 15 August where the regiment remained until the attrition inflicted on the defenders forced them out on the night of 6 September.
Jacksonville Expedition.
The 40th remained in the forces besieging Charleston until 16 January, 1864 when relocated to Hilton Head, South Carolina, on 18 January. On the island, the regiment joined the 2nd Battalion, 4th Massachusetts Volunteer Cavalry Regiment (operating as the Independent Massachusetts Cavalry Battalion), and Battery B (Horse Artillery), 1st U.S. Artillery to form the Light Brigade attached to BGEN Truman Seymour's Jacksonville Expedition forces. The 40th received horses and cavalry equipment and drilled as mounted infantry until its embarkation for Jacksonville on 4 February.
Landing in the Union enclave in Jacksonville, the brigade started roaming the countryside. During Seymour's expedition, the Light Brigade's duties were the usual of a cavalry force with the added weight of a battery and infantry command. On 15 February, a detachment of the 40th captured Gainesville for several hours and brought away a large amount of war supplies before rejoining the Union forces. During the defeat at the Battle of Olustee the Light Brigade protected both Union flanks and screened the force on its retreat to Jacksonville. It repulsed rebel attempts on 1 March at the Battle of Cedar Creek and kept them out of the outskirts of Jacksonville until the expedition re-embarked on 22 March.
Army of the James.
Arriving back in the Yorktown area 28 March 1864, the regiment turned in its horses and cavalry equipment and reverted to infantry. General Butler, at Grant's direction was organizing the Army of the James. The regiment was assigned to Henry's 3rd Brigade, Brooks's 1st Division, Smith's XVIII Corps. It participated in the unsuccessful Bermuda Hundred campaign during May 1864.
On 28 May, XVIII Corps detached from the Army of the James and sent to join the Army of the Potomac at Cold Harbor. As the Siege of Petersburg commenced, XVIII Corps as part of the Army of the James took up the left, southern wing of the Union forces. Through its time in the siege, the regiment suffered many losses so that when it came out of line at the end of the Battle of the Crater, on 27 August, only two officers and forty-five men could muster. After a month of rest and provost duty, the regiment was back up at strength from the return of wounded and new reinforcements. When it returned to the front, it did so at Bermuda Hundred.
In December, the Army of the James was reorganized into XXIV and XXV Corps. The 40th found itself in the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, XXIV Corps. It remained with this organization through the end of hostilities. The regiment continued in the lines until the fall of Petersburg and the evacuation of Richmond on 2 April. Occupying Richmond on the 3 April, it moved to the outskirts of the city where it was on the day the war ended.
The 40th Massachusetts Infantry mustered out of service June 16, 1865 and was discharged at Readville, Massachusetts on June 30, 1865.
Casualties.
The regiment lost a total of 197 men during service; 5 officers and 67 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 125 enlisted men died of disease.


4th Mounted Rifles

The 4th Mounted Rifles were a light cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army. The regiment was formed 1 October 1906 in Graudenz.


Tibor Rubin

Tibor "Ted" Rubin (June 18, 1929 – December 5, 2015) was a former Hungarian–American Army Corporal. A Holocaust survivor who immigrated to the United States in 1948, he fought in the Korean War and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the war, as a combatant and a prisoner of war (POW).
Rubin received the award from President George W. Bush on September 23, 2005, 55 years after the Korean war. Rubin was repeatedly nominated for various military decorations, but was overlooked because of antisemitism by a superior. Fellow soldiers who filed affidavits supporting Rubin's nomination for the Medal of Honor said that Rubin's sergeant "was an anti-Semite who gave Rubin dangerous assignments in hopes of getting him killed". In November, 2016, President Obama signed legislation renaming the Long Beach California VA Medical Center after Rubin.
Early life.
Rubin was born on June 18, 1929, in Pásztó, a Hungarian town with a Jewish population of 120 families, one of six children (by three marriages) of shoemaker Ferenc Rubin.
When Tibor was 13, Ferenc and Rosa Rubin (stepmother) tried to send him to safety in neutral Switzerland, but he was caught and sent to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. He was liberated 14 months later by American combat troops. Both of his parents and a sister perished in the Holocaust.
Emigration to the United States.
Rubin entered the United States in 1948, settled in New York and worked first as a shoemaker. He then apprenticed as a butcher at Michael Bela Wilhelm's Hungarian butcher shop on Third Avenue in the Yorkville neighborhood for about a year.
In 1949, he tried to enlist in the U.S. Army. He failed the English language test, but tried again in 1950 and passed with some judicious help from two fellow test-takers.
Antisemitism in the army.
By July 1950, Private First Class Rubin found himself fighting in South Korea with I Company, 8th Cavalry Regiment, First Cavalry Division. According to lengthy affidavits submitted by nearly a dozen men who served with Rubin in South and North Korea, mostly self-described "country boys" from the South and Midwest, an antisemitic sergeant named Arthur Peyton consistently "volunteered" Rubin for the most dangerous patrols and missions.
During one mission, according to the testimonies of his comrades, Rubin secured a needed route of retreat for his rifle company by single-handedly defending a hill for 24 hours against waves of North Korean soldiers. For this and other acts of bravery, Rubin was recommended four times for the Medal of Honor by two of his commanding officers. Both officers were killed in action shortly afterwards, but not before ordering Rubin's sergeant to begin the necessary paperwork recommending Rubin for the Medal of Honor. Some of Rubin's comrades were present and witnessed the order being issued, and all are convinced that Peyton deliberately ignored his orders. "I really believe, in my heart, that [the sergeant] would have jeopardized his own safety rather than assist in any way whatsoever in the awarding of the Medal of Honor to a person of Jewish descent", wrote Corporal Harold Speakman in a notarized affidavit.
Chinese POW camp.
Towards the end of October 1950, massive Chinese troop concentrations had crossed the border into North Korea and were attacking the unprepared American troops now trapped far inside North Korea. Most of Rubin's regiment had been killed or captured. Rubin, severely wounded, was captured and spent the next 30 months in a prisoner of war camp.
Faced with constant hunger, filth, and disease, most of the GIs simply gave up. "No one wanted to help anyone. Everybody was for himself", wrote Leo A. Cormier Jr., a former sergeant and POW. The exception was Rubin. Almost every evening, Rubin would sneak out of the prison camp to steal food from the Chinese and North Korean supply depots, knowing that he would be shot if caught. "He shared the food evenly among the GIs," Cormier wrote. "He also took care of us, nursed us, carried us to the latrine..., he did many good deeds, which he told us were mitzvahs in the Jewish tradition... he was a very religious Jew and helping his fellow men was the most important thing to him". The survivors of the prison war camp credited Rubin with keeping them alive and saving at least 40 American soldiers.
Rubin refused his captors' repeated offers of repatriation to Hungary, by then behind the Iron Curtain.
Awards and Decorations.
Medal of Honor.
In 1993, a study was commissioned by the United States Army to investigate racial discrimination in the awarding of medals. In 2001, after considering the case of Leonard M. Kravitz, Congress directed the military to further review certain cases. The ensuing investigation showed that Rubin had been the subject of discrimination due to his religion and should have received the Medal of Honor.
In 2005, President George W. Bush presented the Medal of Honor to Rubin in a ceremony at the White House, for his actions in 1950 during the Korean War.
Later life and death.
After his military service, he worked in his brother's Long Beach liquor store. Rubin was a resident of Garden Grove, California.
He regularly volunteered at the Long Beach Veterans Hospital; having earned an award for more than 20,000 hours of volunteer work. On May 10, 2017, the Medical Center was renamed in his honor as the "Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center".
Rubin died December 5, 2015, at his home in Garden Grove. He was survived by his wife Yvonne and their two children, Frank and Rosie.
"Finnigan's War".
Tibor Rubin is one of the Korean War heroes honored in the 2013 documentary "Finnigan's War", directed by Conor Timmis. Rubin recalls his Holocaust experience and Korean War POW experience. Rubin's interview is intercut with footage of President George W. Bush telling Rubin's life story during his 2005 Medal of Honor ceremony. Actor Mark Hamill narrates Rubin's Medal of Honor citation in the film. Filmmaker Conor Timmis was greatly impressed by Rubin's positive attitude and sense of humor despite all the suffering he endured during his life.


Kernstown II Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the American Civil War's Second Battle of Kernstown on July 24, 1864 in Kernstown, now part of the Virginia city of Winchester. The Union order of battle is shown separately.
Army of the Valley.
LTG Jubal A. Early
Breckinridge’s Command.
MG John C. Breckinridge


Five Forks Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Five Forks of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately.
Confederate Army.
MG George Pickett, Commanding
Cavalry Corps.
MG Fitzhugh Lee


John H. Pruitt

John Henry Pruitt (October 4, 1896 – October 4, 1918) was a United States Marine during World War I and is one of only 19 people who have received two Medals of Honor.
Biography.
John Henry Pruitt was born on October 4, 1896, in Fayetteville, Arkansas. He entered military service from Phoenix, Arizona, in May 1917.
As a corporal in the Marine Corps, Pruitt attacked and captured two enemy machine guns, and later captured forty of the enemy. The U.S. Army and later the U.S. Navy awarded him the Medal of Honor for his bravery on October 3, 1918, at the Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge, France. The next day, his 22nd birthday, he was killed by shell-fire.
His remains were returned to the United States and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia.
Military awards.
Namesake.
The United States Navy named a destroyer in his honor and he was listed in Pershing's 100. Pruitt Hall on Marine Corps Base Quantico is named for him.
Decorations.
Pruitt's military decorations and awards include:


Foreign ninja

This article lists non-Japanese people who were ninja, or similar covert agents influenced by ninja.
Strictly, there were very few foreigners recognized as ninja except for legendary figures. However, some other foreign soldiers and agents engaged in infiltration and espionage with Japanese forces.
Foreign-born kanja.
"Kanja"(間者) is the Japanese word for spy. Ninja could act as kanja though their activities were not limited to espionage and ninja sometimes used kanja as their subordinate.
This list includes foreign-born Japanese spies who were not recorded as ninja at that time.
Legendary foreign ancestors of ninja.
According to "Bansenshūkai", ninjustu was invented by ancient Chinese hero Fuxi and developed by Yellow Emperor though this account is considered fiction to give authority to ninja.
Also according to "Bansenshūkai", "The Art of War" of Sun Tzu was oldest account of ninjutsu, the art of espionage.
Foreign agents who have been called "Ninja" but are unrelated to Japanese ninja.
See


Alexander V. Acebo

Alexander Valentino "Tino" Acebo (September 5, 1927 – April 11, 2019) was an American politician who served for over 20 years as Vermont State Auditor.
Biography.
Alexander Valentino Acebo was born in Barre, Vermont on September 5, 1927. His parents, Fermin Acebo and Lorraine Elvira (Lastra) Acebo, were natives of Spain who immigrated to Vermont. He was educated in Barre and graduated from Spaulding High School in 1946, where he played baseball, basketball, and football.
Acebo served in the United States Army beginning in 1946, including a posting to Japan during the post-World War II occupation. He attained the rank of Staff Sergeant in the Finance Corps, and was discharged in 1949.
In 1952 Acebo graduated from Bryant College in Providence, Rhode Island, receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in business administration. After graduating, Acebo was employed as an accountant at Modern Printing Company in Barre. Active in local civic affairs, Acebo served as a member of the Barre City School Board, including time as the board's chairman.
Acebo began work in the State Auditor's office in 1961. He was serving as chief staff auditor in 1970 when incumbent Robert T. King died in office. Maurice T. Keefe, the Deputy State Auditor, declined Governor Deane Davis's appointment to the State Auditor's position. Davis then offered it to Acebo, who accepted. (Keefe continued to serve as Acebo's Deputy.) Acebo was also selected by the Vermont Republican Party as its nominee for Auditor in the 1970 election.
In November, 1970 Acebo was elected to a full term. He won reelection every two years until 1990, and served from September 1970 to January 1993. He did not run for reelection in 1992.
Retirement and death.
In retirement Acebo relocated to Wells Beach, Maine. Acebo died in Wells, Maine on April 11, 2019. He was interred at Hope Cemetery in Barre.
Family.
In 1950, Acebo married Lorraine Nancy Sauter of Madison, Connecticut. They were the parents of three children, Wendy, Lynn Anne, and Mollie, and divorced in 1974. Later that month, Acebo married Helen (Morrie) Franco (1928-2003). They divorced in 1982, and in 1987, Acebo married Donna K. Murray. They divorced in 1997.


Sapphire Styx

Sapphire Styx is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
Fictional character biography.
At the Princess' Bar on Madripoor, Sapphire Styx is first seen witnessing Wolverine defeating Roche's gang. She posed as a hostage where her tormentor is scared away by Wolverine. Before she can kiss him, Wolverine mentioned the name Dave Chapel causing her to pull out a gun like everyone else in the Princess' Bar. After putting away her gun alongside everyone else, Sapphire Styx began to bother Wolverine until he left the Princess Bar. Upon finding Wolverine lying on the street, Sapphire Styx offered him her place to stay for the night. When Wolverine wasn't up to it, she gave him a kiss enough to drain his lifeforce and even continued to drain it after he was attacked by Razor Fist. After Wolverine woke up, Sapphire Styx arrived and drained his lifeforce again. She mentioned that she liked his primal essence and apologizes that she'll have to leave him at Roche's mercy. Sapphire got bored with Roche's group torturing Wolverine and later left with them when Wolverine fell unconscious. Wolverine had a nightmare of running into Sapphire Styx and Roche's men.
Sapphire Styx watched Roche torture O'Donnell and was annoyed when Razor Fist got all the fun. Roche sent Sapphire Styx after O'Donnell where she started to drain his lifeforce until she got shot by Tyger Tyger. After defeating the Inquisitor, Tyger Tyger fought Sapphire Styx where she threw her around and started to drain her lifeforce. Tyger Tyger broke free and used the Inquisitor's heating iron to burn Sapphire's face. Tyger Tyger then collapsed while Sapphire Styx fled from Roche's estate alongside the Inquisitor.
Sapphire Styx later started causing trouble again where she stole a box from Tyger Tyger. When called in to pursue Sapphire Styx, Wolverine pursued Sapphire to Madripoor's harbor. Sapphire tried to seduce Wolverine only for him to resist and beat her up. Hearing about Sapphire's defeat, Tyger Tyger planned to make arrangements for her.
During the "Hunt for Wolverine" storyline, Sapphire Styx is among the villains with Viper that attack Kitty Pryde's group as the latest member of the Femme Fatales. She crashed Psylocke's battle with Mindblast where she started draining Psylocke's lifeforce. Viper later talks with a representative of her client as she mentions that Sapphire Styx is still draining off of Psylocke just like she did with Magneto ever since the client gave Sapphire to her. The representative tells Viper that Sapphire Styx tends to prefer the life force of the mutants and tells Viper to focus on delivering the package as all that they are serves the will of Soteira. As Snake Whip asks if they are going to ignore Sapphire Styx' vampiric appetite, Viper says that they have to obey the representative's orders and "let the @#$%& feed." Meanwhile, Sapphire Styx still has Psylocke in her possession as she states that Psylocke's soul is magnificent as it could keep her revitalized for years only to sense that she is dead. As Storm's claustrophobia brings a rainstorm to Madripoor, Sapphire Styx comments that she hasn't felt rain that primal for decades. As Sapphire gloats to Psylocke that she died to soon, she is surprised to see what appears to be Wolverine in his Patch alias sitting near Psylocke as he plans to dish out the proper punishment on her. Viper and Snake Whip check up on Sapphire Styx who claims that she can see Wolverine's Patch alias even though she is the only one who can see him. Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee catch up to Sapphire and Kitty figures out that Psylocke is playing a mind trick on her. Psylocke's voice is heard quoting "NO MORE SOULS" as Sapphire's body begins to shatter. Inside Sapphire Styx's body, Psylocke's soul sliver fights past the other souls where she finds a soul sliver of Wolverine. With help from Wolverine's soul sliver, Sapphire was overpowered from within and shatters. Her remaining soul power enabled Psylocke to create a new body for herself.
Powers and abilities.
Sapphire Styx can drain the lifeforce out of anyone she comes in contact with. The more lifeforce she absorbs, the stronger she gets.
Sapphire Styx is also an expert at armed combat, but rarely uses a gun in battle.


Battle of the Scheldt order of battle

The order of battle for the Battle of the Scheldt lists the Allied and German forces that participated in said World War II battle from October 2 to November 8, 1944.


Andre Rush

Andre Rush is an American celebrity chef and military veteran. Rush worked as a chef in the White House as a Chef for four administrations. Rush, a retired Master Sergeant of the US Army, gained attention for his large biceps and muscular physique.
Life.
Rush grew up in Columbus, Mississippi. He played football in the position of running back at Lee High School in Columbus. He holds a bachelor's degree in Business Management from Trident University International, an associate degree in Hotel Restaurant Management from Central Texas College and an associate degree from Culinary Stafford University.
Rush enlisted as active duty in the US Army in 1993. He has been deployed several times, and has served as a trainer in hand-to-hand combat and food service. In 1997, he began to cook at the White House. He has served the presidential administrations of Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump. He worked at the White House part-time while simultaneously working at The Pentagon. He was in the gym of the Pentagon when it was hit during the September 11, 2001 attacks, and chose to enlist in combat duties afterwards.
In June 2018, Rush received notoriety when he was photographed by CNN reporter Kate Bennett preparing a Ramadan meal for a White House dinner. The photo of him cooking on the White House lawn during the annual White House Iftar dinner circulated on Twitter, and subsequently went viral. Later that year, Rush signed a deal to produce a television show entitled "Chef in the City". He has since left his job as a White House chef.
In 2020, Rush attended the opening of a Salvation Army in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, whereupon they gave him a celebration of service award.
Rush was a member of the U.S. Army Culinary Arts Team. In addition to cooking, Rush's other pursuits include ice carving, motivational speaking and life coaching.
Fitness.
Rush is known for his physique and large 24 inch biceps that gave him notoriety on social media. As a high school senior he reportedly could bench press while weighing just . In 2010, he was reported to be able to bench press . Rush states he does 2,222 pushups daily as part of the 22 pushup challenge, with the goal to raise awareness for the roughly 22 veterans who commit suicide a day.
In 2021, "Men's Health" published an article featuring Rush's daily routine, which included him eating eight meals a day and up to 10,000 calories. Some of his claims were received with skepticism by the professional bodybuilding community.


German World War II destroyers

At the outbreak of the Second World War Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" had 21 destroyers (Ger: "Zerstörer") in service, while another one was just being completed. These 22 vessels – comprising 3 classes (Type 34, 34A and 36) – had all been built in the 1930s, making them modern vessels (no destroyers remained in German hands following the close of the First World War). Including that final pre-war vessel, a further 19 were brought into service during the war and more were captured from opposing navies, including the Italian Navy ("Regia Marina") after the Italian Armistice with the Allies in 1943.
German destroyer classes were generally known by the year of their design. Because of their size, use and weaponry, some vessels classified as "fleet torpedo boats", "Flottentorpedoboot", are also described as destroyers. During World War II, destroyers were administratively grouped into one of several destroyer flotillas.
Class general characteristics are taken from the first of each class, and may differ slightly for individual ships, particularly when they were refitted. Post-war, some surviving ships had significant changes to armament.
Zerstörer 1934.
This class of four ships was the first German destroyer class. It was designed around a new type of engine, using high pressure steam. This should have allowed higher speed, while saving space and crewmembers. The engine was however so complicated and prone to breakdown, that it forced the navy to assign even more very highly qualified personnel on board to operate and service them. As a result of stability problems, the range of the ships had to be restricted by navy regulations, allowing them to use only half of the fuel carried, to prevent the ships from becoming too light. The bow proved to be of faulty design, resulting in the ships being rather wet in heavy seas. This was fixed by rebuilding all four ship of the class before 1939. Four destroyers were laid down between October 1934 and January 1935. Only one ship survived the war. The ships were named after German navy personnel killed in World War I.
The ships were:
Zerstörer 1934A.
Twelve destroyers laid down between July and November 1935. They were only slightly modified from the design of the preceding 1934 class and continued their predecessors' limited endurance and magazine capacity – factors which contributed to the heavy German losses in the Second Battle of Narvik. Five survived the war.
Zerstörer 1936.
These 6 ships (of 26 planned) ordered under the 1935 Program were improved and enlarged versions of the 1934 and 1934A classes. Most of the serious faults of the earlier ships had been resolved: engine reliability and the structural integrity was much improved and they were much better seagoing ships, shipping less water through an improvement in the design of the bows. Despite this, five of this newer type were also lost at Narvik in April 1940.
Zerstörer 1936A "Narvik".
Eight destroyers intended to carry new 150 mm (5.9 inch) guns in single turrets with a twin turret at the bow. The twin mountings were not ready in time and so singles were first used, and the twins fitted later. Anti-aircraft armament was substantially improved.
Despite reusing earlier ship designs as a basis, with modifications to improve seaworthiness, the ships were wet in heavy seas, especially fitted with heavy turrets. After much effort, the problem was traced to a newly designed stern. However, this problem was somewhat offset by the fact that the twin mount was fully enclosed and had a high maximum elevation, allowing limited use against aircraft.
These ships reverted to the traditional German practice of giving torpedo ships numbers rather than names. Four survived the war.
Zerstörer 1936A (Mob).
When war broke out in 1939, planned new destroyer classes were cancelled and twelve additional 1936A vessels ("Z.31" to "Z.42", although the last three were to be cancelled) were ordered with slight modifications to speed construction and save materials. "Mob" stands for "Mobilmachung" (Mobilisation). The 150 mm twin turrets had been manufactured for planned, but never built, "O" class battlecruisers. In war service, the engines were more reliable than in earlier ships but at the end of the war, heavy corrosion was discovered.
Seven of this sub-class were built: one was sunk, another two were severely damaged and not repaired. The remaining four were war booty allocated to the Allies.
Zerstörer 1936B.
The main armament of this class reduced back to single mounted 128 mm guns and the anti-aircraft armament was increased. The efficacy of this change was not proven in high seas as this sub-class only operated in the Baltic and coastal waters.
Eight ships to this design were ordered, but the orders for "Z.40", "Z.41" and "Z.42" (all three ordered from Germaniawerft at Kiel) were replaced by orders for three "Spähkreuzer" ("scout cruisers"), to be numbered "Sp.1", "Sp.2" and "Sp.3" respectively. Two ships ("Z.44" and "Z.45") were never completed, being suspended in 1944 and scuttled incomplete after the war. The three that were commissioned were all lost.
Zerstörer 1936C.
Five ships of this class were ordered in 1942 and 1943 ("Z.46" – "Z.50"), all from A.G. Weser at Bremen; none were launched, just two were started – "Z.46" and "Z.47" – and both were bombed by Allied aircraft while under construction and were scrapped on the slipways in 1945. This design was a response to the vulnerability to air attack of early German destroyers and would have used six new 128 mm Flak 40 guns (originally designed for the Luftwaffe) as dual purpose weapons in twin mountings. The number of smaller calibre anti-aircraft guns would have also been increased.
Zerstörer 1938A/Ac.
In order to provide support for larger German warships operating far from their bases, the development of large ocean-going destroyers started in the late 1930s. They would have had dual power systems to enable long endurance cruises. Twenty-four of these were planned under Plan Z but were not actually ordered – the concept was developed further into the "Spähkreuzer" (see Type 1936B above).
Zerstörer 1938B.
Ships of this class would have been small destroyers designed to patrol and operate in Baltic and coastal waters, but would have had quite big operational range for such purpose, and could have also been used in high seas. Twelve ships were ordered in the summer of 1939, but after the start of World War II, all were cancelled.
Zerstörer 1942.
Experimental testbed destroyer powered by diesel engines for long-range operations. Based on design of unbuilt Type 1938B destroyer, with six diesels driving three shafts, with an estimated speed of and an operating radius of . One example ("Z.51") was laid down in 1943 and launched in 1944, but was sunk by Allied bombers on 21 March 1945 while fitting out.
Zerstörer 1944.
While "Z.51" was a testbed for diesel propulsion, the Type 1944 destroyer was a production class of large, diesel powered destroyers. They were planned to have a revised armament, with six 128 mm Flak 40 dual purpose main guns, and an all-new anti-aircraft armament, with three 5.5 cm Gerät 58 intermediate calibre anti-aircraft guns and a close-in armament of 14 30 mm guns in seven twin mounts, with eight torpedo tubes.
Five of these ships ("Z.52"–"Z.56") were ordered from A.G. Weser at Bremen and were laid down in 1943, but none were completed, being cancelled in July 1944 and broken up on the slips. A further two ships ("Z.57" and "Z.58") were ordered from Germaniawerft at Kiel, but were cancelled before construction started.
Zerstörer 1945.
Project for high-speed design reverting to steam-turbine propulsion. Unbuilt.
Zerstorer 1937J.
A project for a high-speed design with a long range.
Destroyer sized craft.
The "Kriegsmarine" had several torpedo boat classes with displacements between 1,000 and 1,300 tons (for example the "Möwe"-class Fleet Torpedo boats and Torpedo boat type 35). They sat in size between torpedo-equipped fast attack boats (known to the Allies as E-boats) and the destroyers. In 1939, the Germans started work on new designs that were a response to the weaknesses of earlier designs. These "Fleet Torpedo Boats" ("Flottentorpedoboot") were large, 1,755 tons, and more able as escorts and for anti-aircraft defence as well as torpedo attacks and they were comparable in most respects to some of the British destroyer classes. They were all laid down during the war.
Flottentorpedoboot 1939 (Elbing-class).
The first of the fleet vessels, they were comparable in most respects – size, armament, and use – to standard British destroyer types. Fifteen were laid down between 1940 and 1942, in the Schichau shipyard in Elbing (now Elbląg) and from that the Allies referred to them as the Elbing-class.
The last was commissioned at the end of 1944; three survived the war and served in Allied navies. The ships were numbered T22 to T36.
Flottentorpedoboot 1940.
Following the capitulation of the Netherlands, Dutch shipyards were contracted to build 24 boats based on a Dutch design. Only three of these 2,600 ton vessels were launched. These three were moved to the Baltic in 1944 for work, but none were completed.
Flottentorpedoboot 1941.
This was a development of the 1939 class, with bigger engines and more anti-aircraft weapons. Fifteen were laid down or launched from 1942 but, by the end of the war, none had been completed.
Flottentorpedoboot 1944.
These were to have been ocean-going vessels, as opposed to North Sea or coastal vessels, capable of operating with the fleet, with greater range and an emphasis on anti-aircraft weaponry. Nine were ordered in March 1944; however, the order was subsequently cancelled without any building having started.
Torpedoboot Ausland.
Several destroyer-sized ships were captured by the Germans and put into service as "Torpedoboot Ausland".
Flottenbegleiter.
These 10 fleet escort vessels of the F class were the German equivalent to the Allied destroyer escorts and frigates.
Captured ships.
Some destroyers were captured and used by the Germans; for full list see Torpedoboot Ausland.
ZH1.
The Dutch destroyer Hr.Ms. "Gerard Callenburgh" was built by RDM Rotterdam and launched on 12 October 1939. The Dutch attempted to scuttle this ship during the German invasion, but the destroyer was salvaged and completed under German control with technical guidance from Blohm & Voss. She was commissioned as the ZH1 on 11 October 1942. The Germans retained most of the Dutch armament and equipment. The ZH1 spent most of her life on trials in the Baltic, but transferred to Western France via the English Channel in November 1943. When the western allies invaded Normandy in 1944, the German destroyers based in western France attempted to interdict the invasion armada. The German squadron was intercepted by an Allied force – the 10th Destroyer Flotilla (HMS "Tartar", "Ashanti", "Eskimo", "Javelin", HMCS "Haida", "Huron", and ORP "Błyskawica", "Piorun"). In the night action, ZH1 was torpedoed and sunk by "Ashanti" on 9 June 1944; 33 men were lost.
ZF2.
The hull of the French "Le Hardi"-class destroyer "L'Opiniatre" was captured intact and 16% complete in Bordeaux. The Kriegsmarine intended to complete her for service. Since French armament was not available, and for standardisation with the rest of the German Navy, 127 mm guns and German pattern torpedo tubes were ordered. Work proceeded tardily until all progress was abandoned in July 1943. The hull was eventually broken up on the slip
ZG3 ("Hermes").
The Greek destroyer "Vasilefs Georgios" was captured in damaged condition after the fall of Greece, then repaired in Greece with assistance from the Germaniawerft and commissioned by the Kriegsmarine as the ZG3 or the "Hermes". She was the only major Kriegsmarine surface ship in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II, and she was involved in escorting convoys to North Africa and the Aegean Islands.
"Hermes" detected and depth charged the Royal Navy submarine HMS "Splendid" off Capri, Italy, on 21 April 1943, forcing it to surrender; "Splendid" was scuttled by her crew. "Hermes" was damaged by air attacks off Tunisia. "Hermes" had to be scuttled in La Goulette, Tunis, on 7 May 1943.
The "Sleipner"-class Destroyers.
Four out of six of Norway's s were captured following Germany's conquest of Norway. , renamed "Löwe" & , renamed "Panther" were captured at Kristiansand. , renamed "Tiger" & , renamed "Leopard" were captured while still under construction, but completed by the Germans. While in Kriegsmarine service, they were reclassified as torpedo boats. "Löwe" was one of the escorts for the MV "Wilhelm Gustloff" on her last voyage. When "Wilhelm Gustloff" was torpedoed and sunk, she stood alongside and rescued 427 of her passengers and crew. After the war, the ships were returned to Norway and given back their original names, and remained in service until the late 1950s.
"Troll".
The Norwegian , HNoMS "Troll" was captured by the Germans in Florø on 18 May 1940. Following Norway's surrender, she had been ordered to sail to the UK with her sister, HNoMS "Draug", but due to lack of crew and coal, she was unable to do so. Once placed under the German flag, she was considered too old and obsolete for military service, and was converted into a distillation and steam supply ship, having her whole superstructure removed, and was stationed at Bergen. She retained her name throughout the war. She survived the war and was returned to Norway, but her condition and age made her unfit for future service and was sold for scrap in 1949.
"TA32".
The Royal Yugoslav Navy destroyer leader, KB "Dubrovnik", was captured by Italy in the Bay of Kotor on 17 April 1941. She was recommissioned in the Regia Marina as "Premuda", and served in the Mediterranean Sea until 1943. She was undergoing repairs in Genoa when Italy surrendered and joined the Allies. With this, she was seized by the Germans and commissioned into the Kriegsmarine as "TA32". In 1944, her repairs were completed with German modifications and soon saw action shelling Allied positions along the Italian coast. While on minelaying duty off Genoa, she engaged the American destroyer, , but escaped undamaged. On 18 March 1945, while on minelaying duty off Corsica, she was engaged by 2 British destroyers in what became the Battle of the Ligurian Sea. While both her escorts were sunk, she escaped with a damaged rudder. With the Allies advancing further into Northern Italy, she was scuttled in Genoa on 24 April 1945, and her crew retreated. She was raised and broken up in 1950.
"TA43".
The Royal Yugoslav Navy , KB "Beograd", was captured by Italy in the Bay of Kotor on 17 April 1941. She was recommissioned in the Regia Marina as "Sebenico", and served in the Mediterranean Sea until 1943. Following Italy's surrender and joining the Allies, she was captured by the Germans in Venice on 9 September 1943. She was then recommissioned into the Kriegsmarine as "TA43". However, at the time of her capture she was damaged and not operational. While being repaired, her anti-aircraft armament was improved and reentered active service in February 1945. She operated in the northern Adriatic Sea, but saw little action other than escort work and minelaying. Sources differ on her fate. One claim is that while docked in Trieste, she was sunk by artillery fire of Yugoslav forces on 30 April 1945. Another is that she was scuttled by her crew in Trieste on 1 May 1945. She remained sunk in Trieste until 1947 when she was raised and broken up.
"TA14".
The Regia Marina , "Turbine", was captured by the Germans in Piraeus on 8 September 1943, following Italy's Armistice with the Allies. She was recommissioned as "TA14" and operated in the Aegean Sea. Her anti-aircraft armament was upgraded during her time in German service. She operated as an escort ship off the Greek coast. On 19 June 1944, she was badly damaged by an explosion and sent to Salamis for repairs. While docked in Salamis, on 16 September 1944, she was sunk by American aircraft rockets before repairs were completed.


2nd Medical Regiment

2nd Medical Regiment, Royal Army Medical Corps, is the task Medical Regiment of 102 Logistic Brigade.
History.
2nd Medical Regiment was officially formed on 4 July 2008 following the amalgamation of (A)29 Squadron and (B)28 Squadron of 1 Close Support Medical Regiment. The Regiment was based at Bergen-Hohne Garrison in Germany from its inception.
In March 2009, the Regiment was deployed to Afghanistan on its first full operational deployment, contributing to Operation Herrick as the major component of the Joint Force Medical Group. The majority of the Regiment was deployed to Helmand Province, with detachments in Kandahar and Kabul. The Regiment returned to Hohne in October 2009.
In June 2015, 2nd Medical Regiment was reformed to Adaptable Force (AF) under Army 2020 and were re-based to St George's Barracks in Rutland, North Luffenham. 2nd Medical Regiment are "hybrid" in nature, with one Medical Squadron (29 Medical Squadron) being a full-time regular deployable Squadron, with two Area Support (Reserve) Squadrons based in Leicester and Hull.
2nd Medical Regiment serves 1st (United Kingdom) Division and is part of the Allied Forces Medical Group under 102 Logistic Brigade.
In June 2015, the Regiment marched out of Hohne Garrison to complete its re-basing. After returning from Germany, the regiment relocated to St George's Barracks, North Luffenham.
The Regiment deployed to Kenya in summer 2018 to take part in Exercise Askari Serpent 2018 delivering medical care to the local population.
The regiment remained at St George's Barracks until late 2018.
A written statement in December 2016 stated that it will be rationalised, with all manpower in this unit being redeployed to other areas of the British Army.


Allied order of battle for Operation Mascot

This article provides an order of battle for the Allied forces involved in the Operation Mascot attack on the German battleship "Tirpitz" on 17 July 1944.
Home Fleet forces dispatched.
The attack force comprised the following ships and Fleet Air Arm units:
Strike force.
The strike force launched in the early hours of 17 July comprised the following units:


Spotsylvania Court House Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 8–21, 1864) of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization May 7–12, 1864, army organization May 13–25, 1864, the army organization during the Campaign and the reports.
Army of Northern Virginia May 8–13, 1864.
Gen Robert E. Lee
General Staff:
First Corps.
MG Richard H. Anderson
Second Corps.
LTG Richard S. Ewell
General Staff:
Third Corps.
LTG Ambrose P. Hill

MG Jubal A. Early
Cavalry Corps.
MG J.E.B. Stuart (mw)
Army of Northern Virginia May 14–21, 1864.
Gen Robert E. Lee
General Staff:
First Corps.
MG Richard H. Anderson
Second Corps.
LTG Richard S. Ewell
General Staff:
Third Corps.
MG Jubal A. Early

LTG Ambrose P. Hill


Seven Pines Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Seven Pines of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is shown separately.
Army of Northern Virginia.
Gen Joseph E. Johnston (w)

MG Gustavus W. Smith

Gen Robert E. Lee
Left Wing.
MG Gustavus W. Smith
Right Wing.
MG James Longstreet
Reserve.
MG John B. Magruder


America Supports You

America Supports You was a United States Department of Defense program proving opportunities for citizens to show their support for the U.S. armed forces. The program was launched in November 2004 to highlight citizen support for U.S. military men and women.
America Supports You connected individuals, organizations and companies to hundreds of non-profit support groups, called homefront groups, offering a variety of support services to the military community. The groups provide support in many ways, including writing letters and e-mails, sending care packages, offering scholarships, and helping wounded service men and women when they return home. The America Supports You program also connected military service members and their families to homefront groups that provide assistance.
Dozens of corporations, recognized on the program’s website, were also America Supports You supporters.
Controversy.
In May 2006, "The New York Times" reported on allegations that money had been improperly moved from the "Stars and Stripes" newspaper budget to fund the public relations program. In October 2007, Stars and Stripes reported "documents obtained Friday show that Stars and Stripes awarded a $499,000 purchase agreement in July 2006 for a public relations firm".


Jagdgeschwader 232

"Jagdgeschwader" 232 was a fighter wing of Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe in World War II.


Central Force

GHQ Central Force was a home command of the British Army during the First World War.
Central Force, based in London, was formed on 5 August 1914 under Sir Ian Hamilton, who had the title of Commander-in-Chief Home Army. This was a retitling of the post of Inspector-General of the Home Forces and did not imply command over all forces based in Great Britain. Central Force supported the British Expeditionary Force in France and was responsible for Territorial Force troops charged with coastal defence. Subordinate formations were First Army based at Bedford, Second Army at Aldershot (later at Tunbridge Wells) and Third Army at Luton. Also attached to Central Force were the 1st and 2nd Mounted Divisions, the West Riding Division and the Northumbrian Division.
Sir Leslie Rundle became C-in-C Home Army in March 1915 when Hamilton left to take command of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. GHQ Central Force was redesignated as GHQ Home Forces in December 1915 when Sir John French was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces.


List of vice-admirals of Hampshire

The Vice-Admiral of Hampshire was responsible for the defence of the county of Hampshire, England.
History.
As a vice-admiral, the post holder was the chief of naval administration for his district. His responsibilities included pressing men for naval service, deciding the lawfulness of prizes (captured by privateers), dealing with salvage claims for wrecks and acting as a judge.
The earliest record of an appointment was of Sir Adrian Poynings 1558–1571.
In 1863 the Registrar of the Admiralty Court stated that the offices had 'for many years been purely honorary' (HCA 50/24 pp. 235-6). Appointments were made by the Lord High Admiral when this officer existed. When the admiralty was in commission appointments were made by the crown by letters patent under the seal of the admiralty court.
Vice-admirals of Hampshire.
This is a list of people who have served as Vice-Admiral of Hampshire. A separate Vice-Admiral of the Isle of Wight was appointed from 1569 to 1571, and from 1734 to 1807, although during the latter period, the Vice-Admiral of Hampshire intermittently held both posts.


73rd Regiment of Foot (Invalids)

The 73rd Regiment of Foot (Invalids) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1762 to 1768.
History.
The regiment was originally raised as a regiment of invalids in February 1762, and numbered the 116th Foot; it was renumbered as the 73rd the following year, and disbanded in 1769.


Harve Bennett

Harve Bennett (born Harve Bennett Fischman; August 17, 1930 – February 25, 2015) was an American television and film producer and screenwriter.
Early years.
Bennett was born to a Jewish family in Chicago, Illinois in 1930, the son of Kathryn (née Susman), a journalist, and Yale Fishman, a lawyer. As a young boy, Bennett appeared on the radio program "Quiz Kids", which introduced him to show business. By the time Bennett had reached college age, the radio business was in decline, and he turned to the world of film. He entered the University of California, Los Angeles and graduated from their film school. Following his graduation from college, in 1953 Bennett joined the United States Army. He served in the Military Police Corps, based at the United States Disciplinary Barracks in Lompoc, California. He was honorably discharged in 1955 with the rank of corporal. Bennett then began his career as a production executive. He first worked at CBS in New York City and later moved to the programming department of ABC, becoming Vice President of Daytime Programming. At ABC, he rose to become Vice President of Programming for a time.
Move to production.
Following his work with ABC, Bennett moved over to production. His first project was to develop a television series with producer Aaron Spelling called "The Mod Squad", which Bennett produced from 1968 until 1973.
Following "The Mod Squad", Bennett joined Universal Studios where he produced a variety of television series and miniseries. The best known of these series are probably "The Six Million Dollar Man" (1973–78) and "The Bionic Woman" (1976-78). Other series and miniseries he produced at Universal include "Rich Man, Poor Man" (1976), "The Invisible Man" (1975) and "Gemini Man" (1976).
Bennett then moved to Columbia Pictures Television where he continued as a television producer. His projects at Columbia Pictures included the series "Salvage 1" (1979) and the miniseries "The Jesse Owens Story" (1984).
While working at Columbia Pictures TV, Bennett was also brought to Paramount Pictures to work in their television division producing television series. One of his first productions for Paramount was a television miniseries for Paramount Domestic Television, "A Woman Called Golda" (1982), which was Ingrid Bergman's final role and which co-starred Leonard Nimoy.
"Star Trek".
In 1980, only a few weeks into his contract with Paramount, Bennett was called to a meeting with then top executives of Paramount Barry Diller and Michael Eisner, along with Charles Bluhdorn who was then head of Paramount's parent Gulf+Western. Bluhdorn, dissatisfied with the results of "", was looking for someone new to take over the next film in the series.
According to Bennett, Bluhdorn asked him what he thought of the first "Star Trek" film and, after Bennett said he found it boring, Bluhdorn asked him if he could make a better picture and if he could do it for less than $45 million (the eventual budget of the first film). When Bennett said that he could, Bluhdorn said "do it" and he was hired.
To prepare for the job of producing a "Star Trek" film, Bennett first screened all 79 episodes of the original "" series in a projection room at Paramount. He was particularly drawn to the episode "Space Seed" which featured Ricardo Montalbán as the genetically enhanced supervillain Khan Noonien Singh. At the conclusion of the episode, Khan and his followers are exiled to an uninhabited planet, and James T. Kirk and Spock wonder what will become of them. This gave Bennett the 'hook' he was looking for, and led him to develop a sequel to the episode.
Bennett's idea formed the beginnings of what would become "". Bennett himself developed the original story premise, and then worked with screenwriter Jack B. Sowards on the early drafts of the screenplay. Nicholas Meyer was later introduced to Bennett and completed the final drafts of the script, in addition to directing the film with Bennett as executive producer and Robert Sallin as producer. "Star Trek II" proved to be an enormous success, both in terms of the box office receipts and fan response.
Following the success of "Star Trek II", Bennett served as producer on the next three "Star Trek" films: ', ' — which for a long time stood as one of the most successful of the "Star Trek" films — and "". In addition to serving as producer, Bennett also wrote "Star Trek III", co-wrote the story and screenplay for "Star Trek IV", and co-wrote the story for "Star Trek V". Bennett also made cameo appearances in "Star Trek III" (as the voice of the flight recorder) and "Star Trek V", (as a Starfleet Chief of Staff Admiral who gives Captain Kirk his orders).
Following "Star Trek V", Bennett developed an idea for a sixth "Star Trek" film that would take a different approach from the previous films. Titled "The Academy Years", it would have focused on the characters of Kirk and Spock when they were much younger and cadets at Starfleet Academy. It would have delved into the early relationships between these characters, and shown how they developed such a close friendship over the years. While William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy would have had cameos at the beginning and end of the film to "bookend" the story in flashback form, new actors would have portrayed most of the roles in the film, including the young Kirk and Spock.
Although Paramount was initially enthusiastic about the idea, feedback from fans was almost universally negative over a "Star Trek" film without the established actors that fans had come to know and love. Also, Martin Davis who at the time was the head of Gulf & Western, wanted a film featuring the original cast to mark "Star Trek"s 25th anniversary in 1991. Paramount offered Bennett the opportunity to produce this film with the original cast, even offering to produce his academy film afterward, but Bennett declined, citing multiple reasons including a lack of story ideas for the requested film and the rushed time frame in which the film would have to be completed in order to coincide with "Star Trek's" 25th anniversary.
This marked the end of Bennett's association with the "Star Trek" franchise, and shortly thereafter he left Paramount.
Later works.
After producing the "Star Trek" films, Bennett wrote the television movie "Crash Landing: The Rescue of Flight 232" (1992). He co-created and produced the science-fiction television series "Time Trax" (1993–1995), and produced the animated miniseries "Invasion America" (1998), for which Nimoy was a voice actor.
Death.
Bennett died on February 25, 2015, in Medford, Oregon, due to a burst embolism in his small intestine and a second one found in his lung. His death occurred two days before that of Leonard Nimoy.