Helmut Pfeiffer

Helmut Roland Heinrich Pfeiffer (November 2, 1907 – April 17, 1945) was a German lawyer and SS officer who rescued people hunted by the Nazi regime.
Professional career.
Pfeiffer was born in Eiringhausen, near Plettenberg in Westphalia (Germany) the only child of commercial manager Heinrich Pfeiffer and his wife Selma, née Breddermann. After passing his exams at Grammar school in Altena, he studied Law at Cologne University. He obtained a Master's degree ("Referendarexamen") in 1931 and in 1935 he successfully completed his bar examinations ("Assessorexamen").
From 1932 he was CEO of NSDAP Gaurechtsamt South-Westphalia and additionally in 1933 legal adviser to the Reich Labour Service District (Gau) 20B. From 1934 he was "Organisationswalter" of NS-Rechtswahrerbund and afterwards was promoted to Hauptstellenleiter at National HQ of NSDAP im Reichsrechtsamt. From 1934 he worked as an unpaid adviser to the Organisation of Industrial Commerce, and became chairman of an arbitration body for metal industries.
From November 1, 1939, Pfeiffer was head of the Department of Economy ("Hauptabteilung Wirtschaft") of the Berlin Bureau of the Occupied Polish Territories, whose head, Reichsamtsleiter Dr. Wilhelm Heuber, had plenipotentiary power for the Governor General of the Occupied Polish Territories.
After the foundation of the International Chamber of Law in 1941 he was appointed its first general secretary. This organisation was founded by Hans Frank. Temporarily based in the building of the "Nationalsozialistischer Rechtswahrerbund" (20/21 Tiergartenstrasse, Berlin) it moved to permanent quarters at 27 Unter den Linden. From November 1941, Pfeiffer was SS-leader with the staff of SS-Hauptamt and from November 1942 SS-leader with Reich Main Security Office (RSHA). In winter 1944 he was Chief Assault Leader (SS-Hauptsturmführer) with RSHA Amt VI-III-Kult.
Alongside his career in the NSDAP, he had a private legal practice, which provided him with the cover for his rescue activities.
Political career.
In 1927 as a student at Cologne University, Pfeiffer came into contact with National Socialism. From 1929 to 1931 he spent his university holidays as a legal counsellor to the local NSDAP-Ortsgruppenleiter. He joined the party on 1 February 1932 (Membership no. 894.201). He was probably a member of the Storm Detachment ("Sturmabteilung" - SA) between 1933 and 1934.
In November 9, 1938, thanks to a recommendation by Senior Group Leader (SS-Obergruppenführer) Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger, Pfeiffer joined the Protection Squadron (SS) (membership no 310.479) with the rank of a SS-Hauptsturmführer (Captain).
Pfeiffer was a student of the constitutional legal scientist Carl Schmitt and later on worked closely and socialised with him. Pfeiffer also worked for and got to know well the future Reichsminister Hans Frank (from 1941, the Governor-General of the General Government for the Occupied Polish Territories): first at the Rechtswahrerbund, then within the General Government and finally at the International Chamber of Law.
Early in summer of 1943 Pfeiffer was involved in communicating to the Nazi Government a separate treaty proposal by Joseph Stalin as can be read in the memoirs of Henry Picker: "When I was ordered by Bormann to see him in his residency at Obersalzberg to discuss my planned publication of "Hitler's Table Talks", I overcame my fear and informed him about a separate treaty proposal by Stalin which had been sent by Stalin to Stockholm. I did so at a request of a Berlin friend, the General Secretary of the International Rechtskammer, Dr. Helmut Pfeiffer."
Rescue operations.
In the autumn of 1942, the Berlin Jewish pharmacist Dr. Ernst Silten was told "that [Pfeiffer] would be able to prevent my deportation, if it was claimed that I was working on projects of economic importance." His long-time business-partner, Lubeckian industrialist Dr. Heinrich Dräger, hired Helmut Pfeiffer to organise this, but before it could be arranged Dr. Ernst Silten committed suicide in March 1943 when the Gestapo came to arrest him.
In 1938, Ernst Silten's son Dr. Fritz Silten had already emigrated from Germany, together with his wife Ilse, their daughter Gabriele and his mother, and had settled in Amsterdam. After the occupation of the Netherlands by the German Wehrmacht, their planned emigration to Argentina was refused. In June 1943 the family was deported to the Westerbork transit camp, and in January 1944, to the Theresienstadt ghetto. Using his contacts, Pfeiffer sought to prevent or delay their deportation. Thanks to this and Dr. Dräger's efforts, Fritz, Ilse and Gabriele Silten eventually survived the Nazi regime.
Pfeiffer attempted to rescue not only the Siltens but also the attorney Dr. Philipp Kozower (1894–1944), board member of Berlin's Jewish community, who was deported to Theresienstadt in January 1943, with his wife and three young children. Unfortunately, Pfeiffer's efforts in this case came too late; in autumn of 1944 the family had already been deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp and had been murdered.
With Danish lawyer Erik Reitzel Nielsen, Pfeiffer worked for the release of Danish textile merchant Willy Levysohn (1889–1944) from Theresienstadt after his arrest in August 1943. Most Danish Jews, including his wife and two children, managed to escape by September 30, 1943. Levysohn was transported to Theresienstadt on October 14, 1943 (in transport XXV/3) and died from "pneumonia" the following March.
There are a few more reports about Pfeiffer's activities which appear reliable though remain unverified: in 1942, or 1943, Pfeiffer sued Gestapo members in Poland who had stolen the property of a so-called 'Non-Aryan'. Consequently, the Gestapo reported Pfeiffer for this act.
Pfeiffer got involved with the approximately 2000 Danish policemen who, in September 1944, had been arrested and deported by the German occupation forces, first to the Neuengamme concentration camp and further on to Buchenwald. Details of his activities are not known yet, but his intervention was repeatedly mentioned in the report of the Danish congressional investigation committee dated October 25, 1950.
Another account of his rescue activities is a witness report by Dr. Mirjana Tomljenovic-Markovic, but due to a lack of further evidence this has so far not been confirmed: his last attempt to save people involved four Polish subjects (names unknown), three of them Jewish, whom he had already smuggled into Denmark. In April 1945 he unsuccessfully attempted to flee with them to Sweden. They were also transported to Gestapo HQ in Copenhagen and then to Vestre Prison, where it was intended to execute them on April 27, 1945. However, because of the increasing disorganisation of the Third Reich, these executions did not take place.
Due to insufficient written proof of evidence, Helmut Pfeiffer, so far, has not been included in respective databases and memorials to rescuers.
Military career.
Initially Pfeiffer was considered unfit for active service because of a cardiac defect. As the war progressed he occupied "protected positions" that prevented him for being called up (so called 'uk'). Around the beginning of 1944, his exemption from military service was cancelled due to doubts about his political soundness. Even so, he was able to postpone being called up for a while. When he was eventually called up for SS tank destroyer troop training- and replacement-unit 1 (Rastenburg, East Prussia) on January 5, 1945, he planned his escape to Denmark.
Last weeks and death.
Friends arranged a fake appendectomy in a Copenhagen hospital to protect him from being arrested by the Gestapo. His stay in hospital was even prolonged with pyrogenic drugs. On the night of April 10/11, 1945, he tried to escape to Sweden by boat, but in vain. The boat was captured either by water police or by the marine coast-guard. Pfeiffer and his comrades were taken to Gestapo-HQ (Dagmar House) and subsequently transferred to Vestre Prison. On April 17, 1945, he was found strangled in his cell. Pfeiffer is buried in Copenhagen's Vestre Kirkegaard (E / 1 / 3071 1314). His grave is looked after by the German War Graves Commission.
His client, Heinrich Dräger, successfully hid his involvement with the rescue of Jews until the end of World War II.


The Truth Shall Not Sink with Sewol

The Truth Shall Not Sink with Sewol (; lit. Diving bell) is a South Korean documentary film about the sinking of the MV "Sewol", directed by Lee Sang-ho and Ahn Hae-ryong.
Director Ahn said about this film "Families of the deceased are also important and I understand their sorrow, but we need to throw a question to reveal the truth.
Style.
The documentary revolves around the story of Lee Jong-in, who is the head of a private diving company who offered the use of his equipment to assist in the rescue and recovery of the victims. He reportedly showed up during the disaster, with the equipment called a "diving bell" which can provide divers a place underwater to eat and rest, breath, and can extend the time divers are underwater, and help place a diver in a specific location. While he was at first stonewalled by officials at the site, Lee Jong-in worked at his own expense before canceling his attempts. He was called back to continue work by government authorities, after victims families insisted that he return, but he reportedly found similar road blocks from government and military officials.
Awards and recognition.
It won Grand Prize at the Fukuoka Asian Film Festival in 2015.
Criticism.
The co-director of the film Lee Sang-ho, has been criticized for bias in reporting coverage of the ferry disaster and took up the work of the documentary project after his dismissal from the national broadcaster Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, for allegedly becoming too personally involved in the initial stages of the disaster.
Prior to the film festival opening, earlier in the month family members of some of the victims hand-delivered a letter of protest to the Mayor of Busan Seo Byung-soo to protest the film. The families also held a press conference against the film stating it was a "one-sided claim" that "hurts bereaved families wishing to move on".
Reactions.
The documentary was reportedly almost not allowed to be screened in the city of Busan, after the Mayor reportedly claimed the film was too political for the film festival, as it was partially funded with taxpayer money.
Joshua Oppenheimer, a film director was struck by the "incredibly incompetent rescue mission" depicted in the documentary and after viewing the film began to question the role of media in South Korea and the rest of the world.


Otzumer Balje

The Otzumer Balje is a gat in the North Sea.
The gat runs in a north-south direction between the eastern end of the North Sea island of Langeoog and the western end of neighbouring Spiekeroog. About five kilometres below the "Otzumer Balje" there is a salt dome, 1.5 to 3 kilometres thick and 6,000 metres in diameter - containing Zechstein salts. The shipping channel is marked by navigation aids and has a depth of up to 19 metres. On 5 December 1917 the steamer, "Heinrich Horn", built in 1900, sank here. Its wreck is still visible at low tide.


Henry Seton-Karr

Sir Henry Seton-Karr (5 February 1853 – 29 May 1914) was an English explorer, hunter and author and a Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1906.
Seton-Karr, born in India in 1853, was the son of George Berkeley Seton-Karr, of the Indian Civil Service (resident Commissioner at Baroda during the Indian Mutiny); and his wife Eleanor, the daughter of Henry Usborne of Branches Park, Suffolk. He was educated at Harrow School and Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford gaining an MA in Law in 1876. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1879. Seton-Karr owned a cattle ranch (Pick Ranch) in Wyoming, USA and was a director of Capitol Freehold Land and Investment Co. He was an explorer, big game hunter and writer.
Seton-Karr was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for St Helens in the 1885 general election and held the seat until his defeat at the 1906 general election. He did not stand again in St Helens, but at the January 1910 general election he stood unsuccessfully in Berwickshire.
He became a Deputy Lieutenant of Roxburghshire in 1896. and was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in October 1902.
He was also Chairman of the Liverpool, St Helens and South Lancashire Railway at the time of its opening in 1900 and Chairman of the Lancashire and Cheshire Workingmen's Federation in the late 1890s.
On 11 November 1880 Seton-Karr married Edith Eliza Pilkington (1860-1886), daughter of William Roby Pilkington and Elizabeth Lee Watson of Roby Hall, Liverpool. They had three children: George Bernard (born 12 September 1881), Malcolm Henry (born 21 October 1882) and Edith Muriel (born 1884). Both George and Edith Muriel died in their teens. After the death of his wife in 1884, he remarried in 1886 to Jane Jarvie Thorburn (1862-1953). They had two children: Helen Mary (born 6 October 1888) and Kenneth William (born 21 March 1897).
At Grange Park Golf Club, St Helens an annual competition is still played in the name of Seton-Karr. This is the most prestigious competition in the clubs calendar.
Seton-Karr died in Canada's greatest peacetime maritime disaster when the "Empress of Ireland" sank in the St. Lawrence River when he was returning to England from a hunting trip in British Columbia. He was interred at the Mount Hermon Cemetery, Sillery.


Kayo Hatta

Kayo Hatta (March 18, 1958 – July 20, 2005) was an American filmmaker, writer, and community activist. She directed and co-wrote the independent dramatic feature-length film "Picture Bride", which won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award in 1995 for Best Dramatic Film.
Early life.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Hatta grew up in New York. She graduated from Stanford University and obtained a master's degree in film from UCLA.
Film career.
"Picture Bride" was an Official Selection at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section, and received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for best first film. Distributed worldwide by Miramax, the film was praised for its authenticity (including extensive use of Hawaiian pidgin dialogue), and continues to be used in the curriculum at a number of Hawaii universities and schools.
While at UCLA, she began "Picture Bride" as a short film, but felt the material deserved to be feature length. Hatta describes the long process of developing and finding financing for the film on the DVD version of "Picture Bride", released by Miramax Home Entertainment, in 2004. The DVD includes a "making of" documentary featuring an extensive interview with Hatta and cast members, archival historical footage, and behind-the-scenes clips from the movie set. She recounts how the film encountered many technical difficulties during production, and ran out of funding halfway through the shooting. However, the lead actress, Japanese star Youki Kudoh, was able to make phone calls from the set to convince a Japanese lingerie company, for whom she had modeled, to buy the Japanese rights to the film, and production was able to continue. Hatta was also able to enlist the participation of a number of other established actors, such as legendary Japanese actor Toshirō Mifune, and Tamlyn Tomita.
Other projects.
Hatta directed a number of short films, including "Otemba" ("Tomboy") (1988), a semi-autobiographical film which the Pan-Asian Filmmakers Foundation cited as one of three "Defining Moments in Asian American Cinema." Despite the success of "Picture Bride", however, Hatta was unable to find studio financing for her subsequent feature film projects, which included a screen adaptation of Cynthia Kadohata's acclaimed novel "The Floating World" (1989), about the transient life of a young Japanese-American girl and her family following their release from the World War II internment camps. In 1999, Hatta narrowly lost out on the chance to direct the film adaptation of "Snow Falling on Cedars", in which Youki Kudoh played a starring role.
As a collaborator, Hatta played key roles in the development and production of several independent films. She was co-producer of the award-winning film "The Olive Harvest" (2003), a romantic allegory of Palestinian culture today, directed by Hanna Elias . The film was the Palestine Authority's entry to the 2005 Academy Awards and the Golden Globe Awards, and was recognized at the 2003 Cairo International Film Festival as "Best Arabic Film." Hatta was cinematographer " for Liz Cane's documentary film "Eager for Your Kisses: Love and Sex at 95" (2006) a portrait of the filmmaker's 95-year-old grandfather. She is also remembered for her involvement in social justice issues , and for her mentorship and support for emerging Asian American artists and filmmakers . She served on the Board of Directors for Independent Feature Projects/West "Project Involve" Mentorship Program and was Assistant Professor at UCLA's School of Theater, Film and Television and the Art Institute of Los Angeles, where she taught film directing and video production. She also served on the dramatic film jury at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival.
In 2005, Hatta completed work on "Fishbowl" "", which she wrote, directed, and co-edited; the film is based on the novel, "Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers", by Hawai'i author Lois-Ann Yamanaka. Hatta had intended to adapt the novel into a feature-length film but was unable to secure sufficient funding, so she decided to develop a 30-minute short film from a few key episodes in the book. . The coming-of-age tale of plantation kids searching for a better life premiered at the San Francisco International Asian American Film Festival and aired nationally on PBS in March 2006. "Fishbowl" won the 2006 Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences Hawaii Film & Videomaker Award. In May 2007 the film also won a Regional Emmy Award (Northern California/Hawaii Area), in the category of Historical/Cultural – Program/Special.
Awards.
Over the course of her career, Hatta received numerous honors, including the Asian CineVision's Asian American Media Award for Outstanding Achievement and Contribution to Asian American Media; the Asian American Arts Foundation Golden Ring Award for Artistic Achievement; and the MANAA (Media Action Network for Asian Americans) Media Achievement Award. Her honors in Hawaii include the Hawaii Council of the City and County of Honolulu Certificate Honoring Women Filmmakers of "Picture Bride" for Outstanding Achievement in Film; a Hawaii State Senate Testimonial of Commendation; and a Hawaii State House of Representatives Testimonial of Commendation.
Death and legacy.
In July 2005, Hatta drowned in Encinitas, CA outside of San Diego. She did not live to see the reaction to her last work.
In October 2005, three months after her death, the State of Hawai`i posthumously recognized Hatta with its Film in Hawai’i Award at the Hawaii International Film Festival, "presented by the State of Hawai‘i to the film or television entity that has significantly contributed to promoting the local film industry.".
External links.
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in California]]
[[Category:Drowning deaths in California]]
[[Category:American women film directors]]
[[Category:American film directors of Japanese descent]]
[[Category:Sundance Film Festival award winners]]
[[Category:UCLA Film School alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century American women]]
[[Category:20th-century American people]]


George Pirie

George Pirie (1799–1870) was a Canadian newspaper publisher.
He emigrated to Canada from Aberdeen, Scotland. His father, also George Pirie, was a prominent Aberdeen merchant and ship owner. His mother was Katherine (Catherine) Mitchell Pirie, a daughter of the Rev. Thomas Mitchell, of the parish of Tarves, Aberdeenshire. He was educated in Scotland and in London, where he was apprenticed to his relative, Sir John Pirie, at one time the Lord Mayor of London.
Mr. Pirie and his first wife, Mary Robieson, and their children, arrived in Canada in 1838. They settled in a Scottish settlement named Bon Accord after the town motto of Aberdeen. This settlement was located in Upper Nichol Township near present-day Elora. The transition to Canadian pioneer life was much more difficult than had been anticipated during the planning stages in Scotland. Mr. Pirie's wife died a few years later and was one of the earliest burials from the settlement. The Pirie's, formerly residents of downtown Aberdeen, had no prior experience with farming.
Mr. Pirie decided to abandon farming and purchase a newspaper. In 1848, he took over the two-year-old "Guelph Herald" and moved with his family to downtown Guelph. The printing and publishing office for the "Herald" was on Wyndham Street. The paper was printed once weekly and the office covered job printing and issued marriage licenses.
Mr. Pirie's correspondence to his eldest son George Mitchell Pirie detailed his struggles to make the newspaper profitable and collect payment for advertisements and subscriptions. He also faced lawsuits over content. They were often short staffed with his son, Alexander Fraser Pirie, running the Washington Press, and his second wife, Jane Booth (1825–95), at work in the office – "...Mamma is run off her feet". Another son, Charles Napier Pirie, worked at the paper, and other children may have assisted. During this time his priority was to pay his staff and in one letter to his son he wrote that they were now dangerously low in candles. In many cases he asked his son to search for potential advertisers in Hamilton, or chase after missed payments. In one case his son suggested that Mr. Pirie might attempt to take some work on the Canadian census to help make ends meet. The sale of his original farm Maryville was also a headache. His son arranged for the sale but the new landowner felt that he had overpaid and that the land was impossible to work and unprofitable.
Mr. Pirie was a poet, and was remembered as one of Canada's Scottish Canadian poets in a 1900 book published in Toronto by the Caledonia Society. His poetry generally dealt with Canadian patriotism, and social issues such as poverty, and temperance. One of his best known poems was "The Volunteers of Canada". He also tackled contemporary issues such as Louis Riel in his poem entitled: "The Murder of Thomas Scott". He wrote on the Fenian Raids, the difficulties faced by new immigrants, the exploitation of textile workers, and Scottish history. His private and unpublished papers included some romantic poems, and poems relating to death and mourning. A selection of his poems were published in pamphlet form by the Guelph Herald as "Lyrics of the Late George Pirie, Esq." Much of his writing was lost in a house fire, although a booklet of handwritten unpublished poetry, primarily romantic, has been preserved.
His poetry in some cases reflected the particular experience of the displaced Scotsman in Canada:
"Far from Clan Alpine Dhu,
Wanders the bonnet blue;
Still to that magnet true,
Turns his heart thither.
Far though his fate may part,
Land of his love thou art,
Ever the Scottish heart
Warms to the heather."
As to his writing ability, the following statement appeared in Selections from Scottish Canadian Poetry (1900): "William Lyon Mackenzie, a Scotsman like himself, although opposed to him in politics, said of him that he was one of the ablest writers in Canada."
Mr. Pirie' Canadian patriotism was evident not only in his poetry:
So enthusiastic was his patriotism, that at the time of the Trent Affair (1861) though then a feeble old man, he gallantly joined the Scottish company formed in the town at that time, and drilled night after night, to be able to take his place among his country's defenders.
Mr. Pirie was particularly close to his son George Mitchell Pirie. The younger Pirie was a merchant in Dundas, Ontario. Mr. G. M. Pirie assisted Mr. Pirie on many business matters including the sale of his Bon Accord farm, and following up on newspaper advertising clients in the Dundas and Hamilton area. The correspondence between father and son are preserved today in the form of about 20 letters.
By November 1869, Mr. Pirie was quite ill due to complications from severe asthma. He felt that he had first acquired the condition in 1819 during a visit to the island of Anticosti after which he had his first attack. After that he was often ill – "...it was long a matter of wonder how he bore up so well under his affliction." He continued to write for the newspaper until just 3 weeks before his death. His correspondence was as frequent and as clear as ever and he was busily conducting his business affairs up to his last days through numerous letters to his son in Dundas, Ontario.
His funeral was described as "...one of the most mournful sights ever seen in Guelph, nearly all the inhabitants wearing crape..." His obituary in the Guelph Herald included the following statement about Mr. Pirie's character:
"Although ever ready to assist the poor emigrant or wayfarer, no matter what his nationality might be, he loved his native land and his "brither Scots" with a love which was unquenchable. We have often, when speaking of his native land and its dearly cherished associations, seen his lips quiver, and the tear start in his eye, as with faltering accents he recounted its history, dwelt lovingly on its scenery, or recalled his youthful days spent there, with all their fondly remembered reminiscences."
Mr. Pirie has numerous descendants across Canada, the United States, England, Australia, New Zealand, and Costa Rica. He is buried at Woodlawn Cemetery (formerly Union Cemetery) in Guelph, Ontario, and his grave is one of the earlier burials.
References.
Websites
Books
Archives


John Bauer (illustrator)

John Albert Bauer (4 June 1882 – 20 November 1918) was a Swedish painter and illustrator. His work is concerned with landscape and mythology, but he also composed portraits. He is best known for his illustrations of early editions of "Bland tomtar och troll" ("Among Gnomes and Trolls"), an anthology of Swedish folklore and fairy tales.
Bauer was born and raised in Jönköping. At 16 he moved to Stockholm to study at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. While there he received his first commissions to illustrate stories in books and magazines, and met the artist Ester Ellqvist, whom he married in 1906. He traveled throughout Lappland, Germany and Italy early in his career, and these cultures deeply informed his work. He painted and illustrated in a romantic nationalistic style, in part influenced by the Italian Renaissance and Sami cultures. Most of his works are watercolors or prints in monochrome or muted colours; he also produced oil paintings and frescos. His illustrations and paintings broadened the understanding and appreciation of Swedish folklore, fairy tales and landscape.
When Bauer was 36, he drowned, together with Ester and their son Bengt, in a shipwreck on Lake Vättern in southern Sweden.
Biography.
Early life and education.
John Bauer was born and raised in Jönköping, the son of Josef Bauer, a man of Bavarian origin, and Emma Charlotta Wadell, from a farming family from the town Rogberga just outside Jönköping. Josef Bauer came to Sweden in 1863, penniless. He founded a successful charcuterie business at the Östra Torget in Jönköping. The family lived in the apartment above the shop until 1881 when the construction of their house in Sjövik was completed. John, born in 1882, lived at the Villa Sjövik by the shore of Lake Rocksjön with his parents and two brothers, one older and one younger; his only sister died at a young age. The family home would remain central to him long after he lived on his own. His initial schooling was at the "Jönköpings Högre Allmäna Läroverk" (The Jönköping Public School of Higher Education), followed by the "Jönköpings Tekniska Skola" (The Jönköping Technical School) from 1892 to 1898. He spent most of his time drawing caricatures of his teachers and daydreaming, something not appreciated by his teachers.
He was given to sketching and drawing from an early age, without encouragement from his family. However, when he turned sixteen and wanted to go to Stockholm to study art, they were enthusiastic for him and backed him financially. In 1898, he was one of the 40 applicants to study at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts, and although he was deemed well qualified for a place at the academy, he was too young to be accepted. He spent the next two years at the Kaleb Ahltins school for painters. During this time he was, like many teenagers, torn between hope and despair, something that is reflected in his artwork.
By 1900, he was old enough to attend the Academy of Arts, and was one of the three students admitted that year; the two other successful applicants were his friends Ivar Kamke and Pontus Lanner. He studied traditional illustrations and made drawings of plants, medieval costumes and croquis; all of which served him in his later work. One of his teachers, professor and noted historic painter, Gustaf Cederström praised Bauer:
While at the academy, he received his first commissions to illustrate magazines (including the "Söndags-Nisse" and "Snöflingan") and books (e.g. "De gyllene böckerna", "Ljungars saga" and "Länge, länge sedan"). In 1904 he traveled to Lappland to create paintings for a book on the culture of the county and its "exotic wilderness". At the end of 1905, he left the academy and put "Artist" on his business card.
Journey to Lappland.
Following the discovery of iron ore deposits in the north of Sweden, Lappland became a frontier for industrial development, instead of an exotic wilderness of the Sami culture and midnight sun. Opportunistically, Carl Adam Victor Lundholm published his "Lappland, det stora svenska framtidslandet" (Lappland, the great Swedish land of the future). He engaged noted Swedish artists—such as , Alfred Thörne, Per Daniel Holm and Hjalmar Lindberg—to create the illustrations. Since Bauer was an inexperienced illustrator by comparison, Lundholm tested his abilities by sending him to create some drawings of Sami people at Skansen.
Although reluctant to audition for the commission, on 15July 1904 Bauer left for Lappland and stayed there for a month. Coming from the dense, dark forests of Småland he was overwhelmed by the open vistas and colorful landscapes. His encounters with the Sami people and their culture became important for his later works. He took many photos, sketched and made notes of the tools, costumes and objects he saw, but he had difficulty becoming close to the Sami, due to their shyness. He recorded his experiences in his diary and in letters to his family and friends. After a visit to a Sami goahti he noted: "All light from above. If the head is tilted forward it is dark. The lit parts of the figure always lighter than the tent canvas. Sharp shadows run like spokes from the middle of the goathi."
The book on Lappland was published in 1908, with eleven watercolors by Bauer. They were painted in Stockholm, almost 18 months after his visit, using the photos and sketches he had collected during his journey. Many of the photos resulted in other drawings and paintings. Most of these were romanticized versions of the photos, but he succeeded in capturing the nuances and ambiance of the goahtis, and the richness of the Sami garments and crafts. Details from the Sami culture, such as the bent knives, shoes, spears, pots and belts, became important elements in the clothes and ornamentations of Bauer's trolls. Bauer's eye for detail and his numerous notes also made the material an ethnographic documentation of the era.
Courtship and marriage.
Bauer met fellow student Ester Ellqvist at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. Ellqvist studied at the separate department for women, since women were not allowed to attend the same classes as the men and their education was conducted in a different manner. So, while Ellqvist was talented and ambitious, she did not have an equal opportunity as her male colleagues to develop her artistry, and society's expectation was that her role in life would be that of housewife, not artist.
Bauer started courting her in 1903, but since they were apart most of the time, this was done by mail. Their relationship developed as they shared their dreams, aspirations, doubts and insecurities in their correspondence. For Bauer, Ellqvist became his inspiration, muse, and "fairy princess"; it was as such he painted her for the first time in "Sagoprinsessan" (The Fairy Princess). He made sketches for the painting in 1904, and finalized them in an oil painting in 1905. Ellqvist is portrayed as a strong, enlightened and unobtainable Valkyrie. The painting was shown at Bauer's first exhibition at the Valand Academy in Gothenburg in 1905 (where he was one of eleven debutants) and in Norrköping in 1906, where it was sold to a private collector. It is now in the Jönköpings läns museum. Bauer tried to mold Ellqvist into his vision of a creature of the woods and as the perfect artist's wife; he wanted her to make a home for them in a romantic cottage in the woods, while he wandered about the forest seeking inspiration.
Ellqvist, on the other hand, had been raised in Stockholm and was a lively person who enjoyed the social life that could only be found in towns or cities. She wanted to settle down in a comfortable place with a husband and have children. Bauer was not sufficiently established an artist to provide for a family; throughout his entire lifetime he relied on his parents for financial support. When he proposed to Ellqvist, Bauer did so without the approval of his parents, who thought that he should be more established in a career and self-supporting before marriage.
On 18December 1906, Bauer and Ellqvist were married. Little is known of their first years together since they now lived in the same house, making letters unnecessary. Bauer had jobs illustrating covers for magazines, like "Hvar 8 Dag", and began work on "Bland tomtar och troll" (Among Gnomes and Trolls). In 1908, John and Ester traveled to Italy together; on their return they found a house, the "Villa Björkudden", situated on the shores of Lake Bunn just outside Gränna. They bought the house in 1914, and the following year their son Bengt (called "Putte") was born. The birth of Putte marked a harmonious and joyful time for the couple. Bauer made his final illustrations for "Among Gnomes and Trolls", his grand farewell to the series, which freed him to explore playwriting and make frescos. He showed his paintings at exhibitions and experimented with modernism, but all this came at a cost. Bauer was often away, leaving Ellqvist alone at home, and he no longer had the steady income that the illustrations had provided. By 1917, their marriage was in trouble, and in 1918, Bauer put his thoughts about a divorce in a letter to his wife.
Over time, Bauer used Ellqvist as a model less frequently. With the birth of their son, Bauer started to paint pictures with children as part of the composition. The painting "Rottrollen" (The Root Trolls), completed in 1917, is of Putte sleeping among troll-shaped roots in a forest.
Journey to Italy.
Bauer and his wife made a long journey to Italy at Josef's expense in 1909. They chose to travel through Germany and on to Italy based on his readings of medieval towns during a 1902 visit to Germany with his father. The couple visited Verona, Florence, Siena and spent two months in Volterra. They continued through Naples and Capri, spending the winter in Rome.
Throughout their travels they studied art and visited churches and museums, which appealed to Bauer's eclectic mind. In the evenings they went to small tavernas to enjoy the ambiance; all of which is recorded in the letters they sent home to Bauer's family. Bauer's sketchbooks are full of studies of antique objects and Renaissance art, some of which he used for his illustrations. A portrait of Ghirlandaio by Sandro Botticelli is said to be the basis for "Svanhamnen" (The Swan maiden), and Piero della Francesca's work was the inspiration for "Den helige Martin" (Saint Martin, the Holy). He also became intrigued by frescoes. He was exuberant in the study of art, but he also became homesick for the quiet serenity of the Swedish forest which resulted in some of his best winter pictures with white snow, dark woods and the sky glittering with tiny stars.
Their journey was abandoned after a murder in their building in Rome. Bauer was interrogated by Italian police due to a misunderstanding. He was never a suspect but the situation became public, leaving a bitter memory of their visit to Rome.
Death on Lake Vättern.
Bauer, Ester and their three-year-old son, Bengt, were on their way to their new home in Stockholm, where Bauer hoped for spiritual renewal and a new life for himself and his family. A recent, well-publicized train accident at Getå caused Bauer to book their return to Stockholm by boat, the steamer "Per Brahe".
On the night of 19November 1918, when the steamer left Gränna it was loaded with iron stoves, plowshares, sewing machines and barrels of produce. All the cargo did not fit into the hold and a significant portion was stored unsecured on deck, making the ship top-heavy. The weather was bad and by the time the steamer was at sea a full storm was raging; the wind caused the cargo on deck to shift, some of it falling overboard, further destabilizing the ship. The ship capsized and went down, stern first, just from the next port, Hästholmen, killing all 24 people on board, including the Bauers. Most of the passengers had been trapped in their cabins.
The wreckage was found on 22November 1918 at a depth of , and was salvaged on 12August 1922. Investigations indicated that just one third of the cargo had been stowed in the hold, the rest unsecured on deck. The salvage operation turned into a bizarre public attraction; for example, a sewing machine from the steamer was smashed into pieces and sold for one crown each. It is estimated that about 20,000 people came to watch the raising of the ship, requiring the addition of trains from Norrköping. Newsreels featuring the raising of the ship were shown in cinemas all over Sweden. In order to finance the salvage operation, the "Per Brahe" was sent on a macabre tour throughout Sweden. The newspapers fed people's superstitions that the mythical creatures of the forests had claimed Bauer by sinking the ship. The most common theme was connected to the tale "Agneta och sjökungen" (Agneta and the Sea King) from 1910 in which the Sea King lures a maiden into the depths. On 18August 1922, the Bauers were buried at the Östra cemetery in Jönköping (in quarter 04 plot number 06).
Career.
Subjects.
Bauer's favorite subject was Swedish nature, the dense forests where the light trickled down through the tree canopies. Ever since he was little he had wandered in the dark woods of Småland imagining all the creatures living there. His paintings frequently included detailed depictions of plants, mosses, lichens and mushrooms found in the Swedish woods. He is best known for his illustrations of "Among Gnomes and Trolls".
In a 1953 article in "Allers Familje-journal" (Allers Family Journal), his friend Ove Eklund stated that "although [Bauer] only mumbled about and never said clearly", he believed that all the creatures he drew actually existed. Eklund had on several occasions accompanied Bauer on his walks through the forests by Lake Vättern, and Bauer's description of all the things he thought existed made Eklund feel he could see them as well.
Inspiration.
Bauer and his friends were part of a generation of Swedish painters who started their careers just before the Modernism movement began to flourish, but at the same time were considerably younger than those dominating the Swedish art scene: artists such as Carl Larsson, Anders Zorn and Bruno Liljefors. Bauer was inspired by these artists, but from his heritage came in contact with Fritz Erler, Max Klinger and other German illustrators. He lived in an era when the Old Norse were romanticized throughout Scandinavia, and borrowed ideas and motifs from artists like Theodor Kittelsen and Erik Werenskiöld, yet his finished works were in his own style. After his journey to Italy his works clearly showed elements from the 14th century Renaissance. The pictures of princes and princesses had elements from Flemish tapestries, and even the trolls garments were pleated, much like the draped clothing seen in antique Roman sculptures.
Style.
Bauer had a time-consuming technique when painting: he would start with a small sketch, no bigger than a stamp, with just the basic shapes. Then he would make another, slightly bigger, sketch with more details. The sketches grew progressively in size and detail until the work reached its final size. Most of the originals for "About Gnomes and Trolls" are square pictures about . He doodled on anything at hand, from used stationery to the back of an envelope. Many of his sketches resemble cartoon strips where the pictures get bigger and more detailed. He would also do several versions of the same finished picture, such as one where the motif is depicted in a summer and winter scene. He did not observe the traditional hierarchy in the mediums or techniques at that time. He could make a complete work in pencil or charcoal just as well as a sketch in oil.
From an early age Bauer had to adapt his illustrations to contemporary printing technique. Full-colour was expensive, so the illustrations were made in one colour plus black. As the process developed and his works became in greater demand, his pictures were eventually printed in full colour.
Watercolor.
The most noted of Bauer's pictures are his watercolors, the technique he used when illustrating for books and magazines; he alternated between aquarelle and gouache. When he created illustrations the two mediums were sometimes mixed, since he needed both the speed of the aquarelle and the contrast and impasto that the gouache provided. These water-soluble, and fast drying, media allowed Bauer to work on his pictures until the last minute before deadline, something he was prone to do.
"Among Gnomes and Trolls".
In 1907, Bauer was asked by the Åhlén & Åkerlund publishing house (now Bonnier Group) to illustrate their new series of books, "Among Gnomes and Trolls". The books would be published annually, and contain stories by prominent Swedish authors. The majority of Bauer's pictures for the book were full-page watercolor illustrations in a muted color scheme; he also contributed with covers, vignettes and other smaller illustrations. Bauer's most significant creatures, the trolls, were rendered in shades of gray, green, and brown, the colors of the forests, as if these beings had grown from the landscape itself. Due to the limitations of the technology available to his printers, the 1907–10 editions were produced in just two colors: black and yellow. Some of Bauer's original paintings for these prints were in full color.
In 1911, when Bauer again was asked to illustrate the book, he made it clear to the publisher that he wanted to retain his pictures along with the copyrights after publication. The publishing house had kept the original illustrations for the previous editions and considered them their property. Bauer was backed up in his request by other artists facing the same problem. The publishers did not budge from their position and without Bauer's illustrations, book sales dropped.
The publisher yielded to Bauer for the 1912 edition; he was again illustrating his own book. Printing techniques had also been updated and the pictures could be printed in three colors: black, yellow and blue. With this technical improvement, the prints almost resembled Bauer's original paintings.
Bauer illustrated the 1913–15 editions, printed in the same three colors as previously. 1913 marked the peak of his performance in these books, and Bauer's illustrations from that edition are among the most reproduced of his works. In 1914, his illustrations started to be influenced by the Italian Renaissance. At that time Bauer wanted to stop illustrating the series, but was contractually obligated to illustrate one more edition. 1915 was the last year he worked with trolls and gnomes; he said he "was done with them and wanted to move on". The war in Europe had altered Bauer's vision of the world and he stated that he could no longer imagine it as a fairy tale.
Tuvstarr.
"Ännu sitter Tuvstarr kvar och ser ner i vattnet" (Still, Tuvstarr sits and gazes down into the water), painted in 1913, is one of Bauer's most noted works.
Until the 1980s, the most reproduced and publicized of Bauer's works were two paintings depicting the princess and the moose from "Sagan om älgtjuren Skutt och lilla prinsessan Tuvstarr" (The Tale of the Moose Hop and the Little Princess Cotton Grass), published in 1913. The first picture is of the princess riding on the moose and the second is of the moose standing guard over the sleeping princess. They were mainly used as pictures on the wall in nurseries. The same tale also contains the picture of Tuvstarr gazing down into the tarn looking for her lost heart, an allegory of innocence lost. Bauer made several studies of this motif. During the 1980s the painting of Tuvstarr and the tarn was used in advertising for a shampoo. This started a debate in Sweden about how works of art, considered part of the national heritage, should be used. In 1999, the picture again appeared in advertising, this time in a manipulated version in which all the trees had been cut down and Tuvstarr seemed to be lamenting them. The award-winning advertising campaign was made by the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation and helped further the newly awakened environmental movement in Sweden. In his biography on Bauer, Gunnar Lindqvist argues that the picture has become too commercialized.
Oil painting.
Bauer created most of his major works in oil at the beginning of his career, since this was the traditional technique taught at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. The trip to northern Sweden resulted in many sketches and watercolors for the Lappland book, but also in an oil on canvas entitled, "Kåsovagge" (1904). From 1903 to 1905, he made several portraits and landscapes influenced by Expressionism. He also made his first oil of Ester, "The Fairy Princess", a painting with elements from the Pre-Raphaelites. This work indicates what kind of paintings Bauer wanted to do, but his commissions from illustrating "Among gomes and trolls" got in the way. He wrote that he "felt like a Jack-of-all-trades", and made regular outbursts in letters to editors and publishers asking for his help, saying that he "had to work, he wanted a future painting in oil and the rest be damned". By the time he ceased painting his trolls and gnomes, he was tired and worn out and turned to other venues such as scenography, writing a compendium on drawing to be used in schools, and starting with frescos. He never got to revisit oil painting fully before he drowned.
Large works.
As in his earlier works at the academy, Bauer showed an interest in large frescos and, after his visit to Italy, this interest grew. His first chance to create a major work using this technique was in 1912, when he completed a fresco-secco mural, "Vill-Vallareman", at the home of publisher Erik Åkerlund. In 1913, he was asked to do a fresco for the Odd Fellows lodge in Nyköping, "Den helige Martin" (Saint Martin, the Holy). At the same time, the new Stockholm Court House was under construction. Contests regarding decorations for the building were held, and most of the noted Swedish artists at that time presented entries and suggestions. Bauer made a number of sketches for these competitions, but his confidence failed and he did not submit any of his drafts.
Bauer's last large work was an oil painting for the auditorium at the "Karlskrona flickläroverk" (The Karlskrona School for Girls) in 1917. It depicts Freja, the old Norse goddess of love, war and magic. Ester posed nude for the painting; Bauer shows her as strong, sensual and forceful. Their friends teasingly called it the "breast picture of Mrs. Bauer".
Exhibitions.
Some of the exhibitions of his work during his lifetime were:
Posthumous exhibitions include:
Collections.
The Jönköpings läns museum owns over 1,000 paintings, drawings and sketches by Bauer, which is the world's largest collection of his artwork. He is also represented at the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, the Gothenburg Museum of Art and the Malmö konstmuseum. The John Bauer Museum in Ebenhausen, Germany is a museum dedicated to the life and works of Bauer.
Works.
For illustrations from the famous children's anthology, see "Among Gnomes and Trolls"
Other works
Written work
Self-reflection.
Bauer consistently and privately doubted himself. He considered the praise he received for his pictures of trolls and princesses to be "a nice pat on the head for making funny pictures for children". He wanted to paint in oil and make what he called "real art", but he needed the money he received for his illustrations. His self-doubts were contrary to his public persona and how he presented himself in self-portraits: strong minded but self-deprecating.
Legacy.
Bauer's pictures continue to be popular at art auctions. At a sale in 2014, one of Bauer's gouaches, "Humpe I trollskogen" (Humpe in the Troll Forest), sold for 563,500 kronor (about US$87,000), and a watercolor, "En riddare red fram" (A Knight Rode Forth), made 551,250 kronor (c. US$85,100).
His illustrations have been reprinted many times, and are considered among the classics in fairy tales. , books with Bauer's pictures have been published in ten languages. Bauer's works have influenced Sulamith Wülfing, Kay Nielsen, Brian Froud, Rebecca Guay, and other illustrators. In his biography on Bauer, Gunnar Lindqvist states that: "Although Bauer's work is sometimes credited to have influenced that of Arthur Rackham, and vice versa, these artists did not come in contact with each other's works until the 1910s when they had already established their own style. Any similarities must therefore be credited to their common inspirations by the romantic Munich art of the late 1800s and the art of Albrecht Dürer."
In Jönköping, a memorial in honour of Bauer stands in the Town park, which was created in 1931 by Swedish sculptor Carl Hultström. Hultström also made a bust in bronze of Bauer, which sits in the National Portrait Gallery at Gripsholm Castle.
Celebrating John Bauer's centennial birthday in 1982, the Swedish postal service issued three stamps with motifs from "Among Gnomes and Trolls". Four more were issued in 1997. A park and an adjacent street at the place where Villa Sjövik, Bauer's family home, once stood were named after him. The area is now part of the municipality of Jönköping. In Mullsjö a street was named after Bauer, and in Nyköping a square was named after him.


Per Jacobsen

Per Jacobsen (23 March 1911 – 13 June 1944) was a Norwegian figure skater (national champion in 1931 and 1932), and a resistance member who was killed during World War II.
Early and personal life.
Jacobsen was born in Kristiania as the son of Sigval Jacobsen (1867-1928) and Agathe, née Backer Røed (1876-1925). His father hailed from Kristiania and his mother from Holmestrand. Jacobsen studied economics and auditing. He was Norwegian champion in figure skating in 1931, and again in 1932.
World War II.
During the Norwegian Campaign, he fought for Norway in battles in the Oppland district. During the subsequent occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, he became involved in the Norwegian resistance movement. Among others, he was a member during the brief existence of the group Skylark A, established by the Secret Intelligence Service in September 1940. He travelled from Oslo to Knut Haukelid's mountain cabin at Langesæ, where he informed Haukelid that Sverre Midtskau had returned from England, and asked him to join the group in Oslo. He played a central role when Max Manus escaped from custody at Ullevål Hospital in February 1941, by smuggling in the fishline which was used to pull up the rope used for descending, and organize car transport for the escape. After the Skylark A group was unveiled by the Nazi authorities, Jacobsen started working with underground newspapers, but was soon arrested. He spent time in prison at Åkebergveien from 18 March to 1 April 1941, for "having opposed a German decree". He was arrested for the second time on 18 June and incarcerated in Møllergata 19. He then sat at Grini concentration camp from 7 August 1942 to 29 July 1943. While incarcerated at Grini, Jacobsen took part in the prisoners' self-administration, and had a central position at the so-called "Kammeret", which was under German supervision, but the labour was done by prisoners. He was shipped to Germany on 29 July 1943, and sent directly to the Nacht und Nebel camp Natzweiler in occupied France, where he died in June 1944.
In his memoir book , Knut Haukelid described Jacobsen as the most indefatigable idealist he met during the early war years. In his post-war book , Max Manus described Jacobsen as a grand companion, an ardent idealist, one of the silent heroes that undertook the biggest efforts.


Lacksley Castell

Lacksley Castell, sometimes misspelled Laxley, Lacksly, Lasky or Locksley Castel (10 April 1959 – November 1983) was a Jamaican reggae singer best known for his work in the early 1980s.
Biography.
Lacksley Castell was born in 1959, (although some sources claim 1962.) The third of five brothers, Castell grew up on Dilliston Avenue in Kingston's Waterhouse district, the area also home to artists such as Black Uhuru and The Travellers; Castell recorded in what was known as the "Waterhouse style". He became friends with Hugh Mundell who helped both him and his friend Junior Reid to get started in the music business. That resulted in Castell's first single releases in 1978, "Babylon World" and "Love in Your Heart", recorded with Augustus Pablo. In 1979, he recorded "Jah Love Is Sweeter" at Lee "Scratch" Perry's Black Ark Studios, which was a pre-release reggae chart hit in the United Kingdom in August 1979, with "What a Great Day" (produced by Prince Jammy) making the top five of the reggae 12-inch singles chart the same month.
In 1980, Castell recorded the "Jah Fire" album with Hugh Mundell, produced by Prince Jammy. He also provided backing vocals on Sugar Minott's "Black Roots" album and had a further 12-inch hit with "African Queen" that year. His first solo album, "Morning Glory", was released in 1982 on Robert "Flacko" Palmer's Negus Roots label, who also produced the record. This was followed by a second album, "Princess Lady" in 1983, co-arranged by Dean Fraser and mixed by Neil "Mad Professor" Fraser. Castell was also credited as arranger on fellow Negus Roots artists Sly & Robbie's 1982 album, "Dub Rockers Delight", which consisted of dubs from his "Morning Glory" album. Dubs from the "Princess Lady" album were included on Mad Professor's "In a Rub a Dub Style".
Castell died in November 1983 after an illness. He was buried in May Pen Cemetery in Kingston. His two albums were re-issued on CD in 2005. A Lacksley Castell Facebook page exists, maintained by his brother Trevor Castell.


Norman van Lennep

Norman Willem van Lennep (20 September 1872 – 29 September 1897) was a Dutch chess master.
Born into a wealthy family in Amsterdam, grandson of the famous Dutch writer Jacob van Lennep, at age 20 became a secretary of the Dutch Chess Federation and an editor of its magazine. In 1893 he drew two matches with Rudolf Loman (+2 –2 =0 and +1 –1 =1) and won a match against his grandnephew Arnold van Foreest (+3 –0 =2). He won at Leipzig 1894 (the 9th DSB Congress, "Hauptturnier A") and took 5th at Rotterdam 1894 (Rudolf Loman won).
In August 1895 Van Lennep went to England as a reserve entrant in the Hastings 1895 chess tournament, but was not allowed to play, so instead reported on the tournament for his magazine. It was then announced that he had decided to stay; from his letters it appears his father had disowned him unless he ceased his involvement in chess and found a steady job and a wife.
He returned to the Netherlands, won at Amsterdam 1897 followed by L.D. Tresling, D. Bleijkmans and A. van Foreest, and killed himself, jumping into the North Sea from a ship at the age of 25.


Mike Penner

Michael Daniel Penner (October 10, 1957 – November 27, 2009) was an American sportswriter for the "Los Angeles Times". Penner self-identified as transsexual in a 2007 column; soon afterward he returned from a vacation writing with the name Christine Daniels. In 2008, he resumed his male identity and name, and in 2009, he died by suicide.
Early life and education.
Born in Inglewood, California, Penner graduated from Western High School in Anaheim and from California State University, Fullerton.
Professional career.
Penner began his journalism career at the "Anaheim Bulletin" as a writer and sports editor. He then joined the "Los Angeles Times" in 1983 as a staff writer for the paper's Orange County edition. Initially reporting on high school sports, Penner went on to cover a variety of national and international sporting events, including the Olympics, Major League Baseball, tennis, and World Cup soccer.
Transsexuality.
Later in his career, in addition to covering sports, Penner began writing about transsexual identity and the process of gender transition from an autobiographical perspective. The first such piece he wrote for the "Times" was an essay entitled "Old Mike, New Christine", which appeared in the paper in April 2007. In it, he wrote about his lifelong struggle to come to terms with his transsexuality:
Penner lived and wrote as Christine Daniels for more than a year, continuing to document his own experience with gender transition in the "LA Times"' blog "Woman in Progress". Daniels' writing became a source of hope for people across the country with gender-identity issues.
Penner wrote as Christine Daniels from July 2007 until about March 2008; without elaboration, he resumed using Mike Penner as his byline in October 2008.
Penner was a member of the "Times"' sports staff at the time of his death.
Personal life.
Penner was at one time married to fellow "Los Angeles Times" sportswriter Lisa Dillman although at the time of his death they were divorced.
Penner was found dead in his Los Angeles home on November 28, 2009, of an apparent suicide. The coroner's report determined that he died of carbon monoxide poisoning after running a hose from his car's exhaust pipe into the car while it ran in his apartment building's subterranean garage.


Musa Anter

Musa Anter (1920 – 20 September 1992), also known as "Apê Musa" (, literally "Uncle Musa"), was a Kurdish writer, journalist and intellectual and was assassinated by Turkish JITEM in September 1992.
Biography.
He was born in the Eskimağara (in Kurdish:"Ziving") village (Nusaybin District of the Mardin Province). Originally named Şeyhmus Elmas after Sheikh Şeyhmus, and Elmas (Diamond in Turkish) was the surname given by the Turkish authorities, he later wanted to be called Musa Anter. He completed his primary education in Mardin, and then studied at junior and senior high school in Adana. When he was a student, he had been to Syria during his summer holidays and got acquaintance with Kurdish nationalist intellectuals such as Celadet and Kamuran Bedir Khan, Kadri and Ekrem Cemilpaşa, Dr. Nafiz, Nuri Zaza, Nuri Dersimi, Qedrîcan, Osman Sabri, Haco Agha and his son Hasan, Emînê Perîxanê's son Şikriye Emîn, Mala Elyê Unus, Teufo Ciziri and Cigerxwîn. In 1944, he married Ayşe Hanım, the daughter of . He was actively promoting the use of the Kurdish language with his journalistic work, which caused him quite some turmoil during his lifetime. During the 1950s, he established three media outlets, the "Şark Mecmuasi", (1951), the "Şark Postasi" (1954) and the "Ilery Yurt" (1958). After in 1959 he published the poem "Qimil" in Kurdish language in the newspaper "Ilery Yurt", Anter was arrested. His arrest caused a wave of Kurdish protests, in which aftermath a trial against 50 Kurdish intellectuals began, which was known as the . He eventually had to serve some time prison but was soon released, due to an amnesty. In 1963 Musa Anter and other 23 intellectuals were arrested and were sentenced to 3 years for allegedly having attempted to establish an independent Kurdish state. He was released in 1964. In 1970 he was one of the charged in the trial of the Revolutionary Cultural Eastern Hearths (DDKO) members and after his release three years after he settled in Aksaru, a village in the Nusaybin district. Following the coup d'etat in 1980, he was shortly jailed for "Kurdish propaganda" in Nusaybin. June 1990 he was one of the 81 founding members of the People's Labour Party (HEP). He later supported the establishments of the Mesopotamian Cultural Center in 1991 and Kurdish Institute in Istanbul in 1992.
Assassination.
Anter was shot on the 20 September 1992 in an incident in which Orhan Miroğlu was seriously injured. Some Turkish sources claimed that Abdülkadir Aygan, who was a member of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and surrendered in 1985, and posteriorly recruited as part of the first staff of the JİTEM (the Turkish Gendarmerie's Intelligence and Counter-terrorism Service), said he had been part of a JİTEM unit, along with a "Hamit" from Şırnak, which had assassinated Musa Anter. The former Major of the Turkish army Cem Ersever, claimed that the murder was facilitated by Alaattin Kanat, a former PKK member, who was shortly released during the time of the assassination.
Other Turkish sources claimed that the perpetrator was PKK defector Murat Ipek who received orders from the Turkish state's contract killer Mahmut Yıldırım (alias "Yeşil"), or Yeşil himself. After long investigations, Turkish Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism was found guilty of Anter's assassination and Turkey was fined related to his murder in 2006 by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), who sentenced Turkey to a fine of 28,500 Euros. A Diyarbakır court in 2013 allegedly charged four individuals with Anter's murder, including Mahmut Yıldırım (alias "Yeşil") and Abdülkadir Aygan.
Legacy.
He is viewed as an important and influential Kurdish poet and author. He wrote for numerous newspapers such as "Ilery Yurt", "Deng", "Yön", "Özgür Gündem, Dicle-Firat" amongst others and was also the author of Dictionary in Kurdish language. In 1997, the Turkish Human Rights Association (IHD) organized a peace initiative called Musa Anter Peace Train.
Works.
Ferhenga Kurdî, (Kurdish Dictionary)1967
Personal life.
Musa Anter and Ayşe Hanım married in 1944 and was the father of three children. Through the marriage with Ayşe Hanım, he was related to the politician AKP politician Cuneyd Zapsu.


Zmicier Zhylunovich

Zmicier Khvedarovich Zhylunovich (Belarusian-lacinka: Źmicier Žyłunovič, Belarusian-Cyrillic alphabet: Зьміцер Жылуновіч, transliterated from Russian: "Dmitri Fyodorovich Zhilunovich") (October 13, 1887 – April 11, 1937) was a Belarusian poet, writer and journalist, known under pen name Tsishka Hartny (Ciška Hartny, Цішка Гартны), and a political leader.
In 1910 and 1911 he went to his hometown to Kapil and participated in the work of local organizations Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, in editions of pamphlets magazines.
He was the first head of a Soviet government in Belarus, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia.
In 1924 he published a book "Slivers on the waves".
In 1937, during the Great Purge in the Soviet Union, he was arrested as an "enemy of the Belarusian people" and committed suicide in prison.


Hotep Idris Galeta

Hotep Idris Galeta (7 June 1941 – 3 November 2010) was a South African jazz pianist and educator. His legal name at birth was Cecil Galeta, but according to local custom he was more commonly known as a child and young man as Cecil Barnard, his father's first name being used instead of a last name.
Biography.
Early years.
In his teens he played with some of the best jazz musicians in South Africa; Abdullah Ibrahim (then known as Dollar Brand) and Lami Zokufa introduced him to bebop and hard bop. In 1961 he left South Africa clandestinely, following many other South African performers to the United Kingdom (severe restrictions on public gatherings following the Sharpeville massacre had made entertainment careers impossible for any but white artists, and the already poor quality of life for non-whites was deteriorating rapidly as apartheid became ever stricter). After a year in the United Kingdom, he moved to the United States.
In the US.
In the United States, he played and recorded with Herb Alpert, John Handy, Bobby Hutcherson, Elvin Jones, Hugh Masekela, Jackie McLean, Mario Pavone, Joshua Redman, and Archie Shepp. Outside jazz he performed and recorded with David Crosby and the Byrds. In 1985, Jackie McLean invited him to teach at The Hartt School of the University of Hartford, where he taught until his return to South Africa in 1991, following the collapse of apartheid.
Return to South Africa.
After his return, he recorded, performed, and taught in South Africa. His teaching engagements included four years on the faculty of the University of Fort Hare, the musical directorship of a national music education program for high schools, and co-ordination of music outreach programs in Cape Town. He was also Project Manager for the establishment of a school of jazz and a multimedia audio visual production center at the University of Fort Hare's new urban campus in the east coast South African city of East London in the Eastern Cape Province.
Death.
Galeta died in Johannesburg on the 3 November 2010, following an asthma attack.
Discography.
With John Handy


Kosuke Kindaichi

 is a fictional Japanese detective created by Seishi Yokomizo, a renowned mystery novelist. His first case, "The Honjin Murders", is a novel of locked room murder in an old family, which many people regard as one of the best Japanese detective novels, was published in 1946. Kindaichi went on to feature in another 76 novels, selling more than 55 million books and appearing in numerous television and stage adaptations.
Works in translation.
Pushkin Vertigo has published English translations of the Kindaichi series since 2020. "The Inugami Clan" (1951) and "The Honjin Murders" (1946) were published in 2020, with "The Village of Eight Graves" (1951) due November 2021.
Two other novels are available in French translation.
Cases.
The Kosuke Kindaichi series consists of 77 cases.
In popular culture.
Director Kon Ichikawa made five films about Kindaichi, starring Koji Ishizaka:
A profile of Kosuke appears at the end of the manga "Case Closed" Volume 6.
, the main character of "Kindaichi Case Files", is depicted as the grandson of Kosuke Kindaichi.
In episode 14 of "Lupin the Third Part II", a German count invites the best private detectives from all over the world - including Kindaichi - to the maiden voyage of his blimp in order to catch "Lupin III," who is after the count's jewel.
In the "Lupin the Third Part IV" episode "From Japan With Love", the celebrity detective Akechi Kousuke Holmes is partially named after Kosuke Kindaichi (as well as Kogoro Akechi and Sherlock Holmes).


Alfred C. Baldwin III

Alfred Baldwin (born June 23, 1936) was the so-called "shadow man" in the Watergate break-in and the ensuing Watergate scandal. A former FBI agent, Baldwin had been hired by James McCord for a variety of purposes, one of which became to monitor electronic bugs purportedly planted by McCord in the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) at the Watergate. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut.
Baldwin testified during congressional investigations that he had typed "almost verbatim" transcripts of phone conversations coming from the DNC headquarters, but G. Gordon Liddy testified in deposition that what he had been getting from Baldwin had only been logs that were "useless." Liddy says that he then dictated logs, "editing" as he went, and that he had his secretary, Sally Harmony, type up his dictations on stationery with "GEMSTONE" printed across the top.
Liddy said in his autobiography and in sworn deposition that he only met Alfred Baldwin once, and then only briefly, on May 31, 1972, in the dark "listening post" that had been set up by James McCord in room 723 of the Howard Johnson's motel across the street from the Watergate.
Alfred Baldwin said under oath in his congressional testimony that five days earlier than that, on the afternoon of May 26, 1972, he had been introduced by McCord to both Liddy and E. Howard Hunt in the first room McCord had rented, room 419 of the Howard Johnson's. Baldwin also testified that later on that same night of May 26, about 1:00 or 2:00 a.m., he rode around in a car with McCord and Liddy for "over half an hour" near George McGovern's headquarters, discussing prospects for breaking in there, but that Liddy had finally said: "We'll abort the mission."
Liddy's co-commander of the Watergate ops, retired CIA agent E. Howard Hunt, only refers in his autobiography to Alfred Baldwin as an anonymous "monitor" hired by McCord who Hunt purportedly never was introduced to. Yet Hunt relied heavily on the unknown "monitor" for walkie-talkie reports during the Watergate activities. On June 17, 1972, after McCord and the other burglars had been apprehended in the Watergate, Hunt says he went up to room 723 in the Howard Johnson's and knocked on the door, which was "opened a crack" where he saw an unknown "man with a crew cut indistinctly against the dark background." According to Hunt, he had a brief, terse exchange with this unknown man -— Baldwin -— and entrusted him with the crucial task of disposing of all the electronic receiving equipment McCord and Baldwin purportedly had installed in room 723, telling Baldwin, "I don't care if you drive the van into the river; just get the stuff out of here." Baldwin did remove that vehicle with all its gear from the crime scene.
Hunt testified to Congress on 25 September 1973 in televised Watergate hearings that he suspected Baldwin of being a double agent with Democratic ties who betrayed the Watergate operation.
Baldwin was never charged or convicted in relation to the Watergate scandal. He gave a long interview to the Los Angeles Times, which was published in October, 1972. This material set off a string of other investigative articles which, combined with Congressional hearings and law enforcement investigations, eventually broke open the scandal, over the next two years.
In September 1974, Baldwin became a mathematics teacher at Sheridan Middle School in New Haven, Connecticut.


Leonarde Keeler

Leonarde Keeler (October 30, 1903 – September 20, 1949) was the co-inventor of the polygraph. He was named after the polymath Leonardo da Vinci, and preferred to be called as 'Nard.' He was a Berkeley high school student and amateur magician. He was captivated by John Larson's machine - his so-called 'cardio-pneumo psychogram,' capable of detecting deception, and worked on it to produce the modern polygraph.
Early life.
He was born in 1903 in North Berkeley, California. While in high school, he worked for the Berkeley Police Department for the Chief of Police August Vollmer. He was a keen assistant to Larson who had developed a multi-tasking polygraph. After graduating from high school, he enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley in the fall of 1923. He moved shortly after that to enroll in UCLA to follow Vollmer who accepted a new job as the Chief of Police for Los Angeles.
Invention and Legacy.
In 1924, Keeler’s first handmade polygraph instrument, which he called "the Emotograph," was destroyed in a fire at his residence. On February 2, 1935, he conducted the first use of his invention, the Keeler Polygraph—otherwise known as the lie detector. Keeler used the lie detector on two criminals in Portage, Wisconsin, who were later convicted of assault when the lie detector results were introduced in court.
One of the earlier uses of the Keeler Polygraph was in 1937, in connection to the murder of 5-year-old Roger William Loomis in Lombard, Illinois. The subject was Grace Yvonne Loomis, the child's mother.
In 1938, Keeler conducted a polygraph test upon Francis Sweeney, the chief suspect in the Cleveland torso murders. Sweeney failed to pass the test, leading many to believe that he was the culprit; however, due to lack of evidence, Sweeney was never charged with the killings.
He above all was most instrumental in the popularization of modern polygraphy in criminal investigation and job screenings. He went as far as appearing in person in the 1948 film noir docudrama, "Call Northside 777" with James Stewart, Richard Conte, and Lee J. Cobb, playing himself.
Keeler moved to Chicago in 1930 to work in the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory at Northwestern University and ultimately became the head of the laboratory in 1936. He held that position until 1938 when he entered private business. He opened the first polygraph school, known as the 'Keeler Institute.' He became the first full-time private polygraph consultant.
Personal life.
Keeler was the son of author and naturalist Charles Keeler. He married a fellow psychology student Katherine (Kay) Applegate in 1930 in Chicago. She was trained as a forensic sleuth, becoming the nation’s first female handwriting analyst. Later on, she established her own all-woman’s detective agency in Chicago, specializing in forensic investigation, and left Keeler to marry another man, Rene Dussaq, and during World War II joined the WASPS (Women’s Auxiliary Service Pilots). She died in 1944 near Patterson Field in Ohio while flying solo across the country to help halt the disbanding of the WASPs.
Later life and death.
Devastated by his wife's departure and later death, Keeler died in 1949 in Door County, Wisconsin, at the age of 45, after suffering a stroke brought on by stress, alcohol, and cigarettes.


Lynn Nance

Lynn Sanford Nance (born September 3, 1942) is an American former college basketball coach. He also served as head coach at Iowa State, Central Missouri State, Saint Mary's, Washington, and Southwest Baptist.
Early life and education.
Nance was born in Granby, Missouri, where he graduated from Granby High School.
At Southwest Baptist Junior College (now University), Nance was a junior college All-American player before transferring to the University of Washington, where he became an honorable mention all-American. Nance went on to be selected in the fourth round of the 1965 NBA draft by the St. Louis Hawks. Unfortunately, a knee injury ended his professional career before he ever played a game for St. Louis.
Coaching career.
Nance began his coaching career as head basketball coach at Versailles High School in Versailles, Missouri. He was freshman team coach at Washington in 1967–68. From 1968 to 1970, Nance was assistant varsity coach at Washington under Tex Winter before leaving to join the FBI.
In 1974, Nance returned to coaching basketball, as an assistant on Joe B. Hall's staff at Kentucky for two seasons.
From 1976 to 1980, Nance was head coach at Iowa State, during which Nance went 41–59. Following an 8–10 start to the season, Nance resigned from Iowa State on January 29, 1980. Iowa State reached a settlement to buy out the remaining two years on his contract, worth around $36,000.
Nance's next job was at Central Missouri State (now Central Missouri), an Division II where he was head coach from 1980 to 1985. Nance led Central Missouri State to a 29–3 record and national championship in the 1983–84 season.
Returning to the Division I level, Nance was an assistant coach at Fresno State in 1985–86. Nance again worked as a head coach from 1986 to 1989 at Saint Mary's College, going 61–27 with a school record 25 wins, West Coast Athletic Conference title, and NCAA Tournament appearance in 1988–89.
Nance's final two head coaching jobs were at schools where he played college basketball. From 1989 to 1993, Nance was head coach at Washington, going 50–62. From 1996 to 1999, Nance was head coach at Southwest Baptist, going 36–42.
In 2010, he returned to coaching a serve as an assistant under Trent Johnson at LSU.
Outside of coaching.
Aside from his career as a coach, Nance also served as a special agent for the FBI from 1970 to 1973. Then from 1973 to 1974, Nance was an investigator for the NCAA. Nance drew upon his experience as an FBI agent to write a novel titled "Bridger:Deadly Peril".
In 1989, Nance spoke negatively about his former job as an NCAA investigator and said that NCAA rules "don’t take into consideration that some players’ parents don’t have money."


Henry Norris (courtier)

Henry Norris (or Norreys) (c. 1482 – 17 May 1536) was an English courtier who was Groom of the Stool in the privy chamber of King Henry VIII. While a close servant of the King, he also supported the faction in court led by Queen Anne Boleyn, and when Anne fell out of favour, he was among those accused of treason and adultery with her. He was found guilty and executed, together with the Queen's brother, George Boleyn (Viscount Rochford), Sir Francis Weston, William Brereton and Mark Smeaton. Most historical authorities argue that the accusations were untrue and part of a plot to get rid of Anne.
Family.
Many sources state that Henry was the second son of Sir Edward Norris of Yattendon Castle in Berkshire, by his wife Lady Frideswide Lovell, daughter of John Lovel, 8th Baron Lovel and 5th Baron Holand of Titchmarsh, Northamptonshire and his wife Joan de Beaumont (about 1440 – 5 August 1466) of Edenham. Some of these also state that Edward Norris died in 1487. So the birth date of 1482 for Henry would be consistent with this. However, Eric Ives claimed that Henry was younger, born in the 1490s, and stated that he was "apparently the second son of Richard Norris". Richard was Edward's younger brother, but according to the Heralds' Visitations of Berkshire (1664/6), he was the father of only a single daughter, Anne. This is consistent with the descent of his manor of Great Shefford which she inherited around 1522, before Henry's execution in 1536. Had he been Richard's son and not Sir Edward's, he would have inherited the manor. Therefore, it is likely, in this instance, that Ives was incorrect.
Whichever version is correct, all sources agree that Henry's grandfather, Sir William Norris, had taken part in the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487 at the conclusion of the Wars of the Roses.
Marriage and issue.
Henry married Mary Fiennes, daughter of Thomas Fiennes, 8th Lord Dacre and Anne Bourchier, and by her he had three surviving children:
Henry's brother, John Norreys (Usher of the Chamber) (about 1481 – 21 October 1564), served four successive English monarchs during his lifetime. John occupied the post of Esquire of the Body under Henry VII of England, going on to become Usher of the Outer Chamber under both Henry VIII of England and Edward VI of England, and finally the Chief Usher of the Privy Chamber under Mary I of England.
Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell (1454 – after 1488), Henry's maternal uncle, was a notable champion of the House of York during the Wars of the Roses until he mysteriously disappeared after the Battle of Stoke Field. Henry's aunt, Joan Lovell (after 1450 – ??), was married to Brian de Stapleton about 1476.
Spelling of name.
The name Norreys has at least two potential derivations: one who came from the north or who lived in the north (there was a word "noreis" or "norreis" meaning a northerner), or from one who cared for others (the word "norrice" for nurse). There are also references to Noreis back in the 12th century, and to a Robert le Noris in the 1297 Yorkshire Subsidy Roll.
Career.
Henry Norris arrived at Court during his youth and became a close friend of King Henry VIII, who appointed him a Gentleman of the Bedchamber and granted him many offices, the first (in 1515) being keeper of Foliejon Park in Winkfield. He was serving in the King's Privy Chamber by 1517. In 1518 he became weigher at the common beam at Southampton, then the great mart of the Italian merchants. On 28 January 1518/19 he was appointed bailiff of Ewelme and in 1519 was awarded an annuity of 50 marks (about £33).
He attended the meeting between King Henry VIII and King Francis I of France now known as the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. In 1523 he received the Keepership of Langley New Park, Buckinghamshire, and was made bailiff of Watlington.
In 1526 he replaced Sir William Compton in the post of Groom of the Stool and was in charge of the gentlemen of the King's Privy Chamber. According to Ives (2004) in this position he was not only the King's confidant but also perhaps the closest friend the King had. In October of the same year, he succeeded Compton as Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod.
Norris risked the wrath of Anne Boleyn's faction when, just before the fall of Thomas Wolsey, he offered the Cardinal his own rooms when the Cardinal had deliberately been left without accommodation. He was present when Wolsey resigned the Great Seal. On 24 October 1529 he was the King's only attendant when Henry went with Anne and her mother to inspect Wolsey's property. He was the bearer of Henry's kind message to Wolsey at Putney about the same time, and it seems he was affected by Wolsey's fallen condition.
Also in 1529 he received a grant of £100 a year from the revenues of the see of Winchester. In 1531 he was made chamberlain of North Wales. In 1534 he was appointed constable of Beaumaris Castle. In 1535 he received various manors which Sir Thomas More had held. He was present at the execution of the Charterhouse monks on 4 May 1535, and Henry granted him the important constableship of Wallingford Castle on 29 November.
Norris had helped Anne Boleyn while she established her position at Court and became one of her close friends and a leader of the faction that supported her attempts to wield political power. This brought him into conflict with Thomas Cromwell, a leader in the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
At the time of his death Norris's gross annual income from crown annuities, fees of offices, farms and grants amounted to £1241 2s 3d per annum and his income from private sources raised this figure to £1327 15s 7d. This income combined with additional gratuities made Norris wealthier than many of the nobility.
Arrest, trial and execution.
In 1536 Anne Boleyn fell out of favour with the king, and Norris, as a close confidant and supporter, was immediately put at risk. The growing threat was a consequence of the negotiations which were being carried out with the French ambassador at Greenwich on 18 April 1536. It was clear to Thomas Cromwell that Anne Boleyn and her associates stood in the way of what he sought to achieve and the King's approval he started to investigate and to secure evidence for charges of treason to be laid against Anne, Norris, and four other courtiers (Mark Smeaton, Sir William Brereton, Sir Francis Weston and Anne's brother George).
Norris was accused of being solicited by Anne at Westminster on 6 October 1533, and of adultery on 12 October and again at Greenwich in November. The prosecution's choice of these dates appears now particularly improbable and therefore careless. At that time Anne was in Greenwich, not Westminster, and recovering from the birth of Elizabeth on 7 September. As well as specific charges, there was a catch-all charge of committing adultery at diverse times and places. Most historians think that all the charges were fabrications.
A grand jury was assembled at Westminster Hall on 9 May and decided there was a case to answer for the offences that had occurred at Whitehall. John Baldwin, a chief justice, presided with six of his judicial colleagues. On 10 May, Baldwin with 3 assistants went to Deptford, where a Kent jury decided there was a case to answer on the events that had taken place at Greenwich.
With the committals in hand, Cromwell proceeded to arrange the trial for the four who were not members of the higher nobility (i.e. Norris, William Brereton and Sir Francis Weston, who were landed gentry, and Mark Smeaton, who was a commoner). The trial was held in Westminster Hall on 12 May. The jury was packed with people who had reason to be hostile to Anne Boleyn's cause or had a personal enmity with one of the accused, but also with Anne's own father Thomas Boleyn, her uncle, the Duke of Norfolk and the man she had wished to marry thirteen years before, Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland. Sir William Paulet, controller of the King's household, was one of the judges. All four pleaded not guilty to all the charges with the exception of Smeaton, who, as a commoner, was subjected to torture and pleaded guilty to one charge of adultery. The accused had to improvise their defences on the spot, with no help from any defence counsel, and no advance warning of the evidence. The hostile prosecutors duly secured a guilty verdict. All four were sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered. Because all were in service of the Royal Court, this sentence was commuted to the less terrifying one of beheading by the executioner's axe.
The execution was carried out on 17 May, 1536 on Tower Hill. Unlike the other accused, who with carefully chosen words indicated their innocence, Norris did not risk reimposition of the harsher method of execution and so said little on the scaffold. According to Sir Robert Naunton, Queen Elizabeth I always honoured his memory, believing that he died "in a noble cause and in the justification of her mother's innocence."
Portrayals.
In "Wolf Hall", a TV mini-series adaptation of the historical novels, Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies by Hilary Mantel, Harry Norris was portrayed by Luke Roberts.


Edmundo Mireles Jr.

Edmundo "Ed" Mireles Jr (born March 4, 1953 in Alice, Texas) is a former special agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), known for his part in the 1986 FBI Miami shootout. He was awarded the Medal of Valor (FBI Medal of Valor), and elected the Police Officer of the Year.
Life and early career.
Edmundo Mireles was born in Alice and grew up in Beeville, Texas. He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1971 to 1973 and fought in two tours in Vietnam War, then graduated with a Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of Maryland in January 1979, and joined the FBI in September of the same year.
After an initial posting in the FBI in Washington, D.C., he was transferred in 1985 to Miami. He married fellow FBI agent Elizabeth "Liz" Mireles with whom he had a son.
Shootout.
In late 1985 and early 1986 two armed men had robbed a series of banks, and killed a number of people near Florida. The FBI assembled a stakeout team searching for the car they were believed to be travelling in.
On April 11, 1986, the two suspects were sighted and forced off the road. Immediately, fierce shooting broke out between the two suspects and the eight FBI agents. Within minutes, Special Agents Jerry Dove and Benjamin P. Grogan were killed and five others were seriously injured. Edmundo Mireles was hit in his left arm, but fired back at them with a shotgun, hitting one of the perpetrators in the feet, and was himself wounded again. After the two had gotten into a police vehicle, Mireles stood up, went towards them and shot the two of them dead at short range with his personal .357 Magnum S&W Model 686 revolver.
He collapsed shortly thereafter and was sent to the South Miami Hospital. His left arm remained impaired, but he returned to the service after a year of recovery and became an instructor at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. Later, he returned to his former Miami office and also served in the Omaha, Nebraska, Field Office.
Discrimination suit.
Along with more than half the agency's Hispanic staff, he was involved in a 1988 discrimination suit against the FBI.
Aftermath.
Mireles and his wife continued their work with the FBI until their retirement in March 2004.


Russell Coleman

Russell Coleman is the former United States Attorney for the Western District of Kentucky.
On September 22, 2017, following nomination by President Trump and unanimous confirmation by the U.S. Senate, Coleman was sworn-in as United States Attorney. He resigned on January 20, 2021.
Early life and career.
Coleman grew up in rural western Kentucky, having been raised in Graves, Graves and Logan Counties, and graduated from Logan County High School. He received both his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Kentucky.
Coleman previously served as a Special Agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, as legal counsel to United States Senator Mitch McConnell, and as the Briefing Coordinator to two U.S. Attorney's General at the U.S. Department of Justice.
He practiced law in Louisville as a partner at Frost Brown Todd from 2015 to 2017 and served as an Assistant Commonwealth's Attorney for Kentucky's 12th Judicial Circuit.
Coleman currently serves as Vice Chair of the Law Enforcement Coordination & Relations Subcommittee of the Attorney General's Advisory Committee (AGAC) and a member of the AGAC's Heroin and Opiate Working Group. Coleman also serves on the Executive Board of the Appalachia High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA).
U.S. Attorney.
The Western District of Kentucky encompasses 53 counties with a population of more than 2.2 million, includes two military installations and federal courthouses in Louisville, Bowling Green, Paducah, and Owensboro. The Office is responsible for prosecuting violations of federal law, to include crimes related to firearms, narcotics, public corruption, child exploitation, wire and bank fraud, and terrorism. The office also defends the United States in civil cases.
In February 2019, Coleman penned a guest column for "The Courier-Journal" reflecting on the opioid crisis and his firsthand experience viewing an autopsy of a suspected overdose victim. Coleman wrote "I recognize that we will not be able to arrest our way out of the drug crisis. But it is equally true that prevention and treatment alone cannot solve the crisis."
Coleman published a second guest column in "The Courier-Journal" in July 2019. As the homicide rate in Louisville began to increase, he declared Louisville had a violent crime problem. Coleman promised "a more muscular and visible response by federal law enforcement" but said "arresting our way out of this problem is not, alone, a long-term solution. He cited "historic racism that imposed shameful inequities and structural barriers to inherited wealth and opportunity" as issues to be addressed.
Pegasus Institute co-founder Jordan Harris called Coleman "the best prosecutor in America," writing that as U.S. Attorney Coleman has gained "unparalleled reverence among law enforcement officials and unparalleled fear among law breakers."
In late 2019, Coleman completed meetings with law enforcement and business leaders in all 53 counties of the Western District of Kentucky. The visits, a first for a sitting U.S. Attorney, culminated with guest columns in multiple Kentucky news outlets including the Courier-Journal and in Kentucky Today, declaring "all Kentucky families deserve protecting." "
Coleman was appointed to President Donald Trump's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice Law Enforcement Recruitment and Training Working Group in February of 2020. According to a press release from the Department of Justice, the Working Group will hear from experts and practitioners with firsthand experience within law enforcement about best practices, challenges, and innovative strategies to address and enhance law enforcement operations and processes, including the recruitment and training of law enforcement. WLKY-TV in Louisville covered Coleman's appointment to the commission and his promise that Kentucky voices will be heard.
As protests, riots, and looting struck Louisville in early June of 2020, Coleman penned an op-ed promising a joint response from federal law enforcement in regards to looting. He promised to protect the rights of protestors and tackle the criminals who used the protests as an opportunity to destroy the community, saying "two groups have emerged: one group, the majority of protesters, are forcefully and peacefully demanding that their voices be heard. A second smaller group consists of criminals using the cover of the protests to burglarize drug stores for their controlled substances and gun shops, loot almost half a dozen ATMs, carjack vehicles and shoot at police. This is violence and mayhem, not constitutionally protected protest." By mid-June multiple people were charged federally including multiple defendants who allegedly robbed a pharmacy, one for carjacking, and at least two others who were convicted felons with firearms."
On January 11, 2021, Coleman announced his resignation effective January 20, 2021.


Death of Anthony Baez

Anthony Ramon Baez (September 20, 1965 – December 22, 1994) was a security guard who died immediately following an altercation with police on December 22, 1994, at the age of 29. His death occurred early in the morning on Cameron Place in the Mount Hope section of the Bronx, New York. The fatal encounter began when Anthony Baez and his brothers accidentally hit a police car with their football, at approximately 1:30 am. The Baez brothers continued their game, playing in the opposite direction. Officer Francis Livoti arrested David Baez first for disorderly conduct. He then attempted to arrest Anthony Baez, who had protested his brother's arrest by crossing his arms in front of his chest. A scuffle ensued, while other officers arrived on scene. Baez was subdued, lost consciousness, and was taken to a hospital, where he was declared dead of asphyxiation. Controversy centered over the extent to which officers contributed to his death, specifically whether he was subjected to an illegal choke hold used by Officer Francis Livoti.
Personal details.
Anthony Baez was 5 feet 6 inches tall, 270 pounds, and asthmatic. Mr. Baez had allegedly resisted arrest and police claimed it took four officers to handcuff him and bring him to the ground. Baez was taken to the hospital by the police when a dispatched ambulance by Sgt. William Monahan, failed to arrive. The New York City Medical Examiner ruled that Anthony Baez' death was caused by asphyxiation due to "compression of his neck and chest", as well as acute asthma. Dr. Hirsch said that the classification of homicide indicated the death was caused "either entirely or partially" by "the actions of another person".
Phil Caruso, the president of the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, said that Anthony Baez “resisted violently when they attempted to put handcuffs on him, that's when he had the asthmatic attack." Sgt. William Monahan later testified that after the struggle, he saw Mr. Baez, handcuffed, stand up and walk briefly, with assistance from Officer Francis Livoti, contradicting claims by Baez's family that he was already limp when cuffed.
Livoti was the subject of several civilian complaints for excessive force, though none had been substantiated by the Civilian Complaint Review Board.
Criminal trials and investigations.
In March 1995, a Bronx grand jury indicted Livoti on charges of manslaughter in the second degree. Homicide charges were initially thrown out after an indictment with an incorrect charge was noted.
In December 1995, Livoti was reindicted for criminally negligent homicide. Livoti's trial began in September 1996. He had waived his right to a jury trial and instead opted to have the case heard solely by a judge. In October 1996, Officer Francis Livoti was acquitted by former New York Supreme Court justice Judge Jerry Sheindlin. The acquittal was greeted with widespread public outcry and unrest, including the shooting of a police captain (who survived) in an act of "revenge".
Federal prosecutors charged Livoti with civil rights violations, similar to cases brought against Los Angeles police officers Stacey C. Koon and Laurence Powell for the beating of Rodney King. Officer Daisy Boria was considered a distant relative of the Baezes and was present at his arrest in 1994. She contradicted three of her fellow police officers, including her partner. Boria had testified that she saw no confrontation between Livoti and Baez. However, in 1987, she had been indicted on perjury charges by the Manhattan District Attorney for lying about an insurance case. She was later acquitted. In 2003, disciplinary charges were brought against two other officers, Mario Erotokritou and Anthony Farnan, involved in the death of Anthony Baez. Both officers were summarily dismissed.
In his defense, Livoti denied that he had used a choke hold, asserting that any choking was unintentional and that he had not caused Baez's injuries or death. Three officers at the scene testified that they did not see anyone put Baez in a choke hold, that Baez was resisting arrest when Livoti handcuffed him, and that Baez was conscious after being restrained. Baez' father and brothers testified that Livoti did put Baez in a choke hold, and that Baez was limp when Livoti handcuffed him. Officer Francis Livoti also contended that the district court failed to consider that Baez at least contributed to the confrontation by resisting his (Livoti's) efforts to handcuff him (Baez) behind his back. Prosecutors countered that there was no probable cause for the arrest in the first place, it not being a crime to accidentally hit a police car with a football.
Conclusion.
On June 26, 1998, Livoti was convicted in Manhattan's Federal Court of violating Anthony Baez's civil rights, and was sentenced to seven and a half years in federal prison. Livoti was released in April 2005, after serving six and a half years.
The death of Anthony Baez created wide media attention. Baez's death was seized on by people who said that the police are too quick to use deadly force. This was the third and most notable incident involving NYPD police brutality in 1994, and in some previous cases the officers were acquitted.
Baez's widow filed a $13 million wrongful death claim in 1995. She settled with the NYPD for $3 million in October 1998.
In 2000 the street where Baez died was renamed Anthony Baez Place.
Film.
A documentary film, "Every Mother's Son", profiling the mothers of three men killed by the NYPD and their legal and political efforts, was made in 2004, about the cases of Gidone Busch, Amadou Diallo and Baez.


Susanna Feldmann