Olive Kelso King

Olive May Kelso King (30 June 1885 – 1 November 1958) was an adventurer and mountain climber. During World War I she drove ambulances for the Scottish Women's Hospitals and later the Serbian Army. After the war she raised money for the Serbian people and later in life she was a public speaker.
Early life.
Olive King was the daughter of the Sydney company director Sir Kelso King and his wife Irene Isabella. Educated at home, at Sydney Church of England Girls Grammar School and later in Germany, she led an adventurous life that included climbing Mexico's Mount Popocatepetl with three male companions.
World War I.
On a visit to England, war broke out. Olive served briefly as an ambulance driver in Belgium, supplying her own vehicle (ALDA), a lorry which she had converted into a 16-seater ambulance and christened 'Ella the elephant'. In 1915 Olive joined the Scottish Women's Hospitals "(Girton and Newnham Unit)" and was sent to the Sainte-Savine field hospital, near Troyes, in France. Conditions at the field hospital were tough. Wounded men were housed in canvas tents connected by long lines of duckboards in muddy fields adjacent to the "Château de Chanteloup".
In November 1915, the unit was sent to the Macedonian front, landing at Salonika, Greece and moving up to Gevgelija on the Greco-Serbian border. Six weeks later the Bulgarian forces were advancing rapidly and the hospital had to be evacuated in 24 hours, a seemingly impossible task for 30 women, but luckily they were helped by 40 Royal Engineers. By midnight the whole staff had got away except the three female chauffeurs. It was Kelso King's decision to head for the nearest railway station. They managed to get themselves and their ambulances on the last train before the station was bombed. Thirteen French ambulance drivers, who tried to make their way to Salonika via a rough track by Doiran, were ambushed by the Bulgarians, their cars taken, and all killed or taken prisoner.
By the end of July 1916, Olive had left the Scottish Women's Hospital and joined the Serbian army as a driver attached to the Headquarters of the Medical Service at Salonika. By this time the Serbs had lost most of their transport and 'Ella' was one of only three cars attached to the Medical Headquarters.
On 18 August 1917, the day of the Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917, Olive May Kelso King transported people and records to safety, driving for twenty four hours at a stretch. For this effort, Olive was awarded the Serbian silver medal for bravery.
Post-war activities and death.
After the war, Olive set up seventeen canteens in Serbia to provide necessities at cost price or below. The last canteen closed in 1920. She was awarded the Order of St Sava for her post-war efforts.
Back in Australia, Olive was active in the Girl Guides Australia and gave talks about her wartime experiences. During World War II she was an examiner at de Havilland Aircraft Pty Ltd.
She moved to Melbourne in 1956 and died there in November 1958.
Sources.
"Australian Dictionary of Biography"


Silahdar Yusuf Pasha

Silahdar Yusuf Pasha (, ; 1604–1646), was an Ottoman "vezir" and admiral (Kapudan Pasha, grand admiral of the Ottoman fleet), known for conquering Chania in western Crete in only 54 days in 1645 during the Cretan War (1645–69). He built a large "han", or Turkish inn, at Vrana in 1644, which still stands today.
Early life.
A convert from Christianity, he was surnamed Mašković (known in Croatian as "Jusuf Mašković"), and was born around 1604, in Vrana, a town in Ravni kotari in Dalmatia, at the time situated at the Venetian–Ottoman frontier. He was an ethnic Croat. According to Frane Difnico, Yusuf was the servant of Durak Bey, while Girolamo Brusoni claims that his father was the servant of Halil Bey, and that Yusuf was the groomer of Ibrahim Bey Bećiragić in Nadin. Brusoni said that Yusuf eventually came into good relations with the Beys, who even claimed him as a relative and near friend ("Durachbeg, che si dice suo parente" "Il Sapitan bie Bessiraghch, suo amico"). At the service of the Bećiragići in Nadin, Josef learned Turkish and the Arabic script. Though he was a sharp and intelligent boy, he was in serious poverty; once an elder lady of Nadin saw him barefooted and gave him "opanci" (leather shoes). While following his master on a trip, he got to know a gatekeeper of the Porte, and decided to join Ottoman service in Constantinople.
Ottoman service.
He was a "silahdar" at one point and was an ally of Djindji Khodja.
When Yusuf Pasha returned to Constantinople in 1645, he married Fatma Sultan, the three-year-old daughter of Sultan Ibrahim I. He was also given the Ibrahim Pasha Palace as a residence. However, one year later in 1646, he was executed by the Sultan at the persuasion of Yusuf Pasha's political rivals.
Legacy.
He built a large "han", or Turkish inn, at Vrana in 1644 named Maškovića Han.


Manley Laurence Power

Admiral Sir Manley Laurence Power KCB, CBE, DSO & Bar, DL (10 January 1904 – 17 May 1981) was a Royal Navy Admiral who fought in World War II as a Captain and later rose to more senior ranks, including the NATO position Allied Commander-in-Chief, Channel. One of his chief accomplishments was leading the 26th Destroyer Flotilla into the Malacca Strait during Operation Dukedom to sink the Japanese cruiser "Haguro".
Early career.
Born the son of Admiral Sir Laurence E. Power KCB, CVO, Power was educated at the Royal Naval Colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth, becoming a Royal Navy officer cadet in 1917. In the early part of his career, he served mainly in submarines, attaining his first command (HMS "H32") in 1933.
World War II.
In 1939 he was promoted to Commander and appointed as Staff Officer (Operations) to the Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, Vice-Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham.
In 1942, he was given command of HMS "Opportune", escorting Arctic convoys, before returning as Staff Officer (Operations) in the Mediterranean in September 1942, in preparation for the invasion of North Africa and then became Staff Officer (Plans), on the staff of Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean in January 1943, assisting the planning of the invasion of Sicily. He was promoted to Captain in 1943, and Deputy Chief of Staff (Plans), and stayed in the Mediterranean until March 1944, planning the invasion of Italy and the Anzio landings.
Power became captain of the 26th Destroyer Flotilla in April 1944, taking part in the Normandy landings [France], and as captain of the destroyer HMS "Myngs" participated in an action to destroy an enemy convoy off the Norwegian coast in November 1944. He was then appointed to command in the Eastern Fleet, and his flotilla destroyed the Japanese cruiser Haguro in May 1945.
Post-war.
Following the war, Power served as Deputy Director of Plans in the Admiralty between January and July 1946, then as Senior Naval Member of the Directing Staff at the Joint Services Staff College, later becoming commander of the Portland (Dorset) naval base. Following this he served as Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet (Admiral Sir Philip Vian), then in May 1952 as Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean (Admiral 1st Lord Mountbatten of Burma). He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1953, and in the following year was appointed Senior Naval Member of the Directing Staff of the Imperial Defence College. Promoted to vice-admiral, he became Flag Officer, Aircraft Carriers in 1956 and Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff and Fifth Sea Lord in 1957. Promoted to admiral in 1960, his final appointments were as Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth and Allied Commander-in-Chief, Channel in 1959 before retiring in 1961.
Family.
He married Barbara Alice Mary Topham in 1930 and the couple had a daughter and a son.


Mesolithic Caucasus


Stadio Primo Nebiolo

Stadio Primo Nebiolo is a baseball stadium located in Messina, Italy. It was built in 1998, and was named after the former president of the IAAF, Primo Nebiolo. Hosted rounds of the 1998 Baseball World Cup and 2009.


The Headsman

The Headsman (aka Shadow of the Sword, Au. Henker) is a 2005 film directed by Simon Aeby. Set in early 16th century Tyrol, it is set before the background of the turmoils of the Lutheran Reformation. It was filmed in Austria and Hungary.
Plot.
The Headsman tells a story of loyalty tested by two friends during Europe's 16th-century Inquisition. Orphans Martin (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau) and Georg (Peter McDonald) bond as children, but walk very different paths as adults. Georg follows his calling to join the church, while Martin becomes an army captain. When fate places Martin in the role of executioner, he must choose between friendship and fundamentalist doctrine.
Awards.
Montréal World Film Festival - 2005


Sardinian scudo

The scudo (plural: "scudi") was the currency of the island Kingdom of Sardinia until 1816. It was subdivided into 2½ "lire" (singular: "lira"), each of 4 "reales", 20 "soldi", 120 "cagliarese" or 240 "denari". The "doppietta" was worth 2 scudi. It was replaced by the Sardinian lira.
Coins.
In the late 18th century, coins circulated in denominations of 1 and 3 cagliarese, 1 soldo, ½ and 1 reale, ¼, ½ and 1 scudo, 1, 2½ and 5 doppietta. The cagliarese denominations were struck in copper, the soldo and reale in billon, the scudo in silver and the doppietta in gold.


Rostislav Stratimirovic

Rostislav Stratimirovic (; ; 1683–88) was a Bulgarian rebel leader who led the Second Tarnovo Uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1686. He claimed the title Prince of Tarnovo, as a claimed descendant of the medieval Bulgarian ruler Ivan Stratsimir.
Life.
Rostislav claimed descent from Ivan Stratsimir, the last Emperor of Vidin (r. 1356–96). He belonged to the Ottoman Bulgarian sipahi.
He was the head of the conspirators of an uprising in Ottoman Bulgaria, at Tarnovo. In 1686 he left for Russia, intending to gain support in the rebellion. At Moscow he met Russian Orthodox Patriarch Joachim and asked him for help. The agreement was being guaranteed by the engagement between Rostislav and the niece of the patriarch, Maria Dubrovska. Upon the start of the Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700), the rebellion broke out prematurely in the old Bulgarian capital of Tarnovo. Rostislav returned to Ottoman Bulgaria, but the Ottoman forces were much greater and the rebellion was suppressed. Heavily wounded, Rostislav got to the Rila Monastery, where the monks saved his life. After many adventures he went back to Moscow, where he finally married Maria Dubrovska and gave the foundations of the Russian noble family Saveliev–Rostislavich.
One of his descendants is the Russian writer Nikolay Saveliev–Rostislavic.


Vranduk (Doboj)

Vranduk (Cyrillic: Врандук) is an abandoned village in the municipality of Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the preliminary results of the Bosnian census of 2013, while there are still 5 dwellings, it apparently no longer has any inhabitants. In 1991 it had a population of 199, 98% of which were Croats. The Yugoslavian censuses of 1971 and 1981 counted 167 and 224 inhabitants respectively.


Arthur Wade-Evans

Arthur Wade Wade-Evans (born Arthur Wade Evans) (31 August 1875 – 4 January 1964) was a Welsh clergyman and historian.
Biography.
Evans was born in Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, in south Wales on 31 August 1875 and did not include his mother's maiden name in his surname until 1899, when he was 24 years old. His father, Titus Evans, was a master mariner. Evans was educated at Haverfordwest grammar school. In 1893, he matriculated at Jesus College, Oxford, graduating in 1896. He was ordained deacon in St Paul's Cathedral in 1898 and then served as curate in various parishes, including Ealing, Cardiff, and English and Welsh Bicknor. In 1909, he was appointed vicar of France Lynch, where he remained until 1926. He campaigned for the disestablishment of the Church in Wales. He was, from 1926 to 1932, vicar of Potterspury with Furtho and Yardley Gobion (1926–32), before his final appointment as rector of Wrabness from 1932 to 1957. He then retired to Frinton-on-Sea, Essex. He died on 4 January 1964.
He was a historian of early Britain, the Celtic church and Welsh law, although some of his theories were unorthodox. He translated and studied many early historical sources, with his publications including "Nennius's "History of the Britons"" (1938) "Coll Prydain" (1950) and "The Emergence of England and Wales" (1956, 1959). Church history publications included journal articles on the lives of the saints and on church plate, "Parochiale Wallicanum" (1911), an analysis and translation of the Latin text of the "Life of St David" (1923), and "Welsh Christian Origins" (1934). He also edited "Vitae Sanctorum Britanniae et Genealogiae", an invaluable edition of Welsh saints' lives, mostly from the British Library Manuscript Vespasian A.xiv. He was also a contributor to many journals and newspapers. In 1909, he published "Welsh Medieval Law", a translation of Llyfr Cyfnerth; he later wrote an article on Welsh law for the "Encyclopædia Britannica".


Muscat (surname)

Muscat is a fairly common surname among people of Maltese descent. The following people have the surname Muscat:


Puikule Manor

Puikule Manor () is a manor house in Brīvzemnieki Parish, Aloja Municipality the historical region of Vidzeme, in northern Latvia. Built in Tudor Neo-Gothic style in the 1870s, it now houses the Puikule primary school.


Amadeus Alexander of Savoy

Amadeus Alexander of Savoy (5 October 1754 – 29 April 1755) was a Prince of Savoy by birth, son of the king of Sardinia Victor Amadeus III of Savoy and his wife Maria Antonietta of Spain (daughter of Philip V of Spain).
Biography.
Born to the Duke and Duchess of Savoy at the Royal Palace of Turin, he was the couple's fourth child. His sisters included the future "grand daughters in law" of Louis XV of France, Princess Maria Giuseppina, who married the future Louis XVIII of France in 1771 and Princess Maria Teresa, wife of the future Charles X of France, married in 1773. His sister's brother in law was Louis XVI of France. Another sister Maria Carolina married Anthony of Saxony.
His brothers included the last three kings of Sardinia from the mainline; the future Charles Emmanuel IV, Victor Emmanuel I and Charles Felix of Sardinia.
Death.
Amadeus Alexander died on 29 April 1755, in Turin, at the age of six months. He was buried in the Basilica of Superga, traditional burial site of the House of Savoy.


Church of the Trinity and San Giovanni

The Church of the Trinity and San Giovanni (French: "Église de la Trinité et de San Giovanni" or "Église de la Sainte-Trinité d'Aregno", "Church of the Holy Trinity of Aregno") is a Roman Catholic church in Aregno, Corsica. It is a Romanesque and Pisan-style building and is about higher than the rest of the commune. The church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and to John the Apostle.
History.
The church dates from the 11th century. In the church's chapel, two murals depicting Doctors of the Church and Saint George slaying the dragon date from 1449 and 1458 respectively. On August 11, 1883, the church was declared a monument historique (a national heritage site of France). In 2011, an archaeological evaluation was carried out on the church's nave in favor of a restoration campaign.
Architecture.
Like the chapels at Montegrosso and Lumio, the chapel is located in the center of the cemetery and is decorated with human and animal figures (including bears, oxen and snakes). One example is in the pinion in the vertical alignment of the door: it depicts a man removing a thorn from his foot; this is an allegory of knowledge and is fairly widespread in Romanesque buildings.


Principality of Ansbach

The Principality or Margraviate of (Brandenburg-)Ansbach ( or ) was a principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on the Franconian city of Ansbach. The ruling Hohenzollern princes of the land were known as margraves, as the principality was a margraviate (but not a march).
History.
The principality was established at the death of Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg, on 21 January 1398, when his lands were partitioned between his two sons. The younger son, Frederick VI, received Ansbach and the elder, John III, received Bayreuth. After John III's death on 11 June 1420, the two principalities were reunited under Frederick VI, who had become Elector Frederick I of Brandenburg in 1415.
Upon Frederick I's death on 21 September 1440, his territories were divided between his sons; John received the principality of Bayreuth (Brandenburg-Kulmbach), Frederick received Brandenburg, and Albert received Ansbach. Thereafter Ansbach was held by cadet branches of the House of Hohenzollern, and its rulers were commonly called Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
On 2 December 1791, the reigning Prince and Margrave of Ansbach, Charles Alexander, who had also succeeded to Bayreuth, sold the sovereignty of his principalities to King Frederick William II of Prussia. The Margrave was middle-aged and childless, and Frederick William was his kinsman as the head of the House of Hohenzollern. The Margrave moved to England with his English second wife. Ansbach was formally annexed on 28 January 1792.


Duisburg dialect

Duisburg dialect (, ; Duisburg dialect: "Düsbergsch Platt") was part of the southeasternmost form of the South Guelderish dialect (Cleverlands) within the
Low Franconian languages.
South Guelderish refers to the easternmost group of Dutch dialects, spoken along the lower Rhine in Germany and the Netherlands.
Duisburg dialect was spoken in the German city of Duisburg. Through historical circumstances, it became broadly influenced by the Central German language.
The Uerdingen Line (named after the city of Uerdingen) is the linguistic isogloss within the continental West Germanic languages in Europe that separates dialects which preserve the -k sound in the first person singular pronoun word "ik" (north of the line) from dialects in which the word final -k has changed to word final -ch in the word "ich" () (south of the line). That sound shift is the one that progressed the farthest north among the consonant shifts that characterize High German and Low German/Low Saxon dialects. The line passes through Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany.
The dialect, north of the Uerdingen Line, is now regarded as extinct. As a spoken language, it died out between the 1950s and 1970s.
A so-called Ruhr/Lower Rhine area dialect with traces of the old dialect in grammar, syntax and vocabulary is spoken in the Duisburg region.
Examples.
Duisburg dialect:
Dutch:
English:
German:


Heimweiler

Heimweiler is an "Ortsgemeinde" – a municipality belonging to a "Verbandsgemeinde", a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the "Verbandsgemeinde" Kirner Land, whose seat is in the town of Kirn.
Geography.
Location.
Heimweiler lies at the edge of the North Palatine Uplands along "Landesstraße" 182 (Kirn–Meisenheim) and on "Kreisstraße" 71, which links the two centres of Heimberg and Krebsweiler together. The municipal area measures 9.07 km², and the average elevation is 259 m above sea level.
Neighbouring municipalities.
Clockwise from the north, Heimweiler's neighbours are the municipalities of Meckenbach, Merxheim, Limbach, Becherbach bei Kirn, Schmidthachenbach and Bärenbach, and the town of Kirn. Schmidthachenbach lies in the neighbouring Birkenfeld district.
Constituent communities.
Heimweiler's "Ortsteile" are Heimberg and Krebsweiler. The municipality's name is thus a portmanteau of its constituent communities’ names. Also belonging to Heimweiler are the outlying homesteads of Forsthaus Krebsweiler, Obere Horbachsmühle and Untere Horbachsmühle.
History.
The "Ortsgemeinde" of Heimweiler came into being in 1969 through the merger of the two formerly self-administering municipalities of Heimberg and Krebsweiler. Archaeological finds from the Early Roman cremation grave near Krebsweiler and the prehistoric barrow in Heimberg's outlying countryside show that there were early settlers within what are now both Heimweiler's constituent communities. Like most of the district's places, Heimberg's and Krebsweiler's foundings might have come about during the “opening up of the newer settlement area” (7th to 12th centuries). In 1375, both Krebsweiler and Heimberg had their first documentary mention as "Krebeswilre" and "Heymberch". Both villages belonged until the late 18th century to the "Amt" of Naumburg. The two together formed an "Ingericht" (“in-court”) within the court district of Becherbach. This mediaeval jurisdictional and administrative body, which was coterminous with the parish of Becherbach, might well first have been subject to Raugravial administration, which beginning in the 14th century passed to the Counts of Sponheim-Kreuznach. After that comital house died out, the "Amt" of Naumburg passed to joint administration under the Electorate of the Palatinate and the Margraviate of Baden. In 1776, the "Amt" passed wholly to the latter. At the mediaeval "Ingericht" of Krebsweiler and Heimberg in the Late Middle Ages, the Lords of Heinzenberg held a share of the rights, which Tilmann von Heinzenberg sold Waldgrave Otto von Kyrburg in 1375. Economically, the villagers of Krebsweiler and Heimberg turned to Kirn, where, to support the town's market, the so-called "Zollhafer" (a toll in oats) still had to be paid in 1579 to the Lords of Steinkallenfels. According to a 1785 description of the "Amt" of Naumburg, 30 houses then stood in Krebsweiler in which all together 32 families lived. The houses were said in this description to be “small and nasty, although the village was well-off”. Krebsweiler was the main wine centre in the "Amt" of Naumburg, with a yearly yield of up to 40 "Fuder" (“tuns”; roughly 40 000 L) of wine. The nicest house, or so it was said, was the "Barth’sches Haus". Heimberg counted only 16 bungalows in those days and a like number of families. The greater part of these twin villages’ population was Protestant-Reformed. After the German lands on the Rhine’s left bank were overrun and occupied by French Revolutionary troops, the subsequent new administrative order, on the French Revolutionary model, put Heimberg and Krebsweiler together in the "Mairie" (“Mayoralty”) of Hundsbach. After Napoleon’s downfall and the implementation of a new administrative order by the Congress of Vienna, this local administrative arrangement continued in 1815 as an "Oberschultheißerei", but in the 1820s, the seat was moved back to Becherbach, which thereafter stood as the seat of the Hesse-Homburg "Bürgermeisterei" (“Mayoralty”) of Becherbach in the "Oberamt" of Meisenheim. In 1866, the "Oberamt" of Meisenheim passed to the Kingdom of Prussia, which in 1869 raised the "Oberamt" to a Prussian district. Both Heimweiler's constituent communities remained in the "Amt" of Becherbach, which became part of the Bad Kreuznach district in 1932, until 1940, when it was dissolved. Then, Heimberg and Krebsweiler passed to the "Amt" of Kirn-Land, in which they remained, each as a self-administering municipality, until 1969. After the two villages were amalgamated to form the new municipality of Heimweiler, they also found themselves grouped into a newly formed "Verbandsgemeinde" that also bore the name Kirn-Land.
Municipality’s names.
The two names have been interpreted variously. With Heimberg, the name prefix "Heim—" corresponds with the name forms "Heym", "Heien", "Hen", "Hahn", "Haan" and so on, and goes back to the Old High German "hagan" ( = "—hagen") in the meaning “forest” ("Hag" = wooded lot), and indeed "Hain" is still a German word that means “grove”. However, since this Frankish “opening up” of new land was characterized by new homesteads (later growing into hamlets, and villages) being given names that were tightly bound to personal or family names, it seems likelier that Heimberg can be interpreted as meaning “Hano’s Mountain” – likely a mountain that was the site of a clearing (variations in the interpretation exist, with the early settler's name as Hein, Hagen, Henn, Heinrich or even some other form, and with the last syllable as "—burg" rather than "—berg", meaning “castle” rather than “mountain”). With the name Krebsweiler, too (appearing in a 1375 document as "Krebeswilre"), it seems that the name prefix "Krebs—" goes back to a personal name or a byname and could be interpreted as “Krebes’s (or Grebe’s, Greber’s, Krebs’s, etc.) Estate”. In the Hesse region, the "Grebe" was the reeve or village head, quite unlike the Modern High German meaning of "Krebs", which is “crab” (the Online Etymology Dictionary declares that the Old English word "gerefa", from which sprang the Modern English word “reeve”, has “no known cognates”). In the local region, the old words "Heimberger" or "Heymbürge" had the same meaning (see the German Wikipedia article “”).
Population development.
Heimweiler's population development since Napoleonic times is shown in the table below. The figures for the years from 1871 to 1987 are drawn from census data:
Religion.
The greater part of Heimweiler's population is Evangelical. The Evangelical church community, whose new church was consecrated in 1967, belongs to the Evangelical pastorate ("Pfarramt") of Becherbach. In 1996, a belltower was added to the church, as it had never before had a bell at its disposal. The Catholic inhabitants belong to the Catholic parish of Becherbach and are tended from Kirn. As at 30 September 2013, there are 406 full-time residents in Heimweiler, and of those, 296 are Evangelical (72.906%), 57 are Catholic (14.039%), 1 (0.246%) belongs to another religious group and 52 (12.808%) either have no religion or will not reveal their religious affiliation.
Mayor.
Heimweiler's mayor is Wilfried Schlarb, and his deputies are Rudolf Horbach and Harald Huck.
Coat of arms.
The German blazon reads: "Über blau-golden geschachtem Schildfuß in schwarz eine silberne Wasserfontäne über einem silbernen Sockel."
The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per fess abased sable a fountain on a pedestal all argent, and chequy of eighteen azure and Or.
The “chequy” field is a reference to the village's former allegiance to the “Further” County of Sponheim. The fountain and pedestal symbolize the municipality's wealth of water. Heimweiler supplies water from its springs to several other nearby municipalities. The former municipalities of Krebsweiler and Heimberg each bore their own arms until they were dissolved on 7 June 1969. The council of the newly formed municipality of Heimweiler decided on 15 August 1969 to bear Krebsweiler's former arms. At a Krebsweiler council meeting on 11 April 1966, council had adopted the design that had been put forth by the graphic artist Brust from Kirn-Sulzbach. After consent by the state archive, the Ministry of the Interior in Mainz had then granted approval for Krebsweiler to bear its own arms on 1 July 1966. The approval for Heimweiler to bear these same arms was granted on 3 October 1969. The municipal banner also bears this coat of arms in the centre.
Culture and sightseeing.
Buildings.
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
Clubs.
The following clubs are currently active in Heimweiler:
In the late 1980s, the men's singing club was granted the title "Meisterchor" (“master choir”).
Economy and infrastructure.
Transport.
Running to the west is "Bundesstraße" 41. Serving Kirn is a railway station on the Nahe Valley Railway (Bingen–Saarbrücken).


Moldovan Progressive Party

The Moldovan Progressive Party () was a political party in Bessarabia.
References.


Oberhausen bei Kirn

Oberhausen bei Kirn is an "Ortsgemeinde" – a municipality belonging to a "Verbandsgemeinde", a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the "Verbandsgemeinde" Kirner Land, whose seat is in the town of Kirn. Oberhausen bei Kirn is one of two municipalities in the district with the name Oberhausen. The other is Oberhausen an der Nahe.
Geography.
Location.
Oberhausen bei Kirn lies on a high plateau at the edge of the Lützelsoon above Kirn on the River Nahe.
Neighbouring municipalities.
Clockwise from the north, Oberhausen bei Kirn's neighbours are the municipalities of Hennweiler, Heinzenberg and Hochstetten-Dhaun, the town of Kirn and the municipality of Hahnenbach, all of which likewise lie within the Bad Kreuznach district.
Constituent communities.
Also belonging to Oberhausen bei Kirn are the outlying homesteads of Itzebacherhof, Königshof and Schloss Wartenstein.
History.
The land that is now Oberhausen's municipal area was settled very early on. A few archaeological finds at barrows of the so-called “Old Hunsrück-Eifel Culture”, for instance a bronze torc and bronze armrings, are traces of human habitation from the time between 600 and 400 BC. Leading across what is now the municipal area were two important prehistoric roads, of which the so-called "Salzstraße" (“Salt Road”) linked the upper Nahe region with the Rhine and the other, a road from Kirchberg to Meisenheim, served as a north-south link between the Moselle region and the North Palatine Uplands. Oberhausen's first documentary mentions are found in documents from 1342 ("Obernhusen") and 1346. The latter is a "Weistum" (cognate with English "wisdom", this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) in which the court "Schöffe" (roughly “lay jurist”) “Hermann von Obirnhusen” is named as a member of the Hennweiler court's council of "Schöffen". Oberhausen then belonged to the "Vogtei" of Heinzenberg, a mediaeval jurisdictional and administrative region formed of the villages of Hennweiler, Oberhausen, Guntzelnberg, Rode and Heinzenberg and the "Eigener Hof" (an estate). Here, the Lords of Heinzenberg, who lived at a castle in the Kellenbach valley, were responsible as "Vögte" for giving the law and for raising tax revenue. Hennweiler was the “mother village” in this greater municipal area, whereas Oberhausen was, like all the other outlying villages, a “daughter village” or an “expansion settlement”. The "Vogtei" region was also a parochial region whose mother church was Saint Stephen’s ("Stephanuskirche") in Hennweiler. In the Late Middle Ages, Oberhausen became part of the Lordship of Wartenstein and belonged to the "Unteramt" of Hennweiler. It was then that power passed from the Lords of Heinzenberg, first to Tilmann vom Stein (or Wartenstein), but he died without having fathered any male offspring, and his power eventually passed over time, by marriage into other families of the lower nobility, to other lines. These families who had acquired Tilmann’s holdings and rights in the Lordship of Wartenstein, formed a kind of "Ganerbengemeinschaft", a form of condominium, whereby they ruled jointly. In the course of the earlier half of the 16th century, the Lords of Schwarzenberg eventually managed to secure their place as the sole lordship in the "Unteramt" of Hennweiler, although they had to be mindful that their overlords were still the Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken (later Dukes of Palatinate-Zweibrücken), who were rightful successors to the Counts of Veldenz. As the village lord, Johann III of Schwarzenberg introduced the Reformation into the parish of Hennweiler/Oberhausen sometime about 1550. Oberhausen formed together with Hennweiler a greater municipal area in the Late Middle Ages that was run as a "Markgenossenschaft" – a combined municipality with one administration and a single body of law. It was only later that the municipal area was split between the two villages. The villages’ common woodlands were shared out as late as 1769. Beginning in 1798, Oberhausen lay under French rule, as did all the German lands on the Rhine’s left bank. This lasted until the Napoleonic French were driven out in 1814. During this time, Oberhausen belonged to the "Mairie" (“Mayoralty”) of Kirn in the Arrondissement of Simmern. After the Congress of Vienna had grouped the village into the Kingdom of Prussia, Oberhausen remained with the same mayoralty, although the German word "Bürgermeisterei" was now used for it. After Kirn was granted town rights in 1857, though, it together with the outlying villages formed a municipal body known as the "Landbürgermeisterei Kirn", which was headed by the mayor of Kirn. This “personal union” was dissolved in 1896, whereupon representatives of the rural villages chose their own "Bürgermeister" (mayor). Ever since, Oberhausen has remained in this municipal league of “Kirn-Land” without interruption, although in the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, it ceased to be an "Amt" in 1969 and became instead the "Verbandsgemeinde" of Kirn-Land. Over the last few decades, Oberhausen has grown from a mainly agriculturally orientated village into a modern residential community. Since 1953/1954, water has been supplied to the village by the "Gruppenwasserwerk Krebsweiler" (“Krebsweiler Group Waterworks”). Sewerage was laid between 1956 and 1963, and carries sewage to the treatment plant at Kirn.
Population development.
Oberhausen bei Kirn's population development since Napoleonic times is shown in the table below. The figures for the years from 1871 to 1987 are drawn from census data:
Religion.
As at 30 November 2013, there are 917 full-time residents in Oberhausen bei Kirn, and of those, 458 are Evangelical (49.945%), 346 are Catholic (37.732%), 1 is Russian Orthodox (0.109%), 5 (0.545%) belong to other religious groups and 107 (11.668%) either have no religion or will not reveal their religious affiliation.
Politics.
Municipal council.
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Mayor.
Oberhausen bei Kirn's mayor is Norbert Gabriel, and his deputy is Egon Schäfer.
Coat of arms.
The German blazon reads: "In gespaltenem Schild vorn in Schwarz ein silberner, goldgekrönter, -bewehrter und -gezungter Löwe, hinten in Gold ein roter Sparren, darunter ein roter gelappter Wendelring".
The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per pale sable a lion rampant sinister argent armed, langued and crowned Or and Or a chevron in chief under which a lobed torc, both gules.
The charge on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side, the lion, is a reference to the village's former allegiance to the Lords of Wartenstein. Meanwhile, on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side, the chevron is, in a manner of speaking, a canting charge, suggesting as it does a “house”, which in turn suggests the placename ending "—hausen" (“house” is "Haus" in German). The torc is an archaeological find from Hallstatt times unearthed from a grave in Oberhausen. Municipal council, on 29 November 1963, gave the graphic artist Brust from Kirn-Sulzbach the task of designing a municipal coat of arms. At a council meeting on 24 September 1965, council adopted the design that had been put forth. After consent by the state archive, the Ministry of the Interior in Mainz granted approval for Oberhausen bei Kirn to bear its own arms on 29 December 1965. The municipal banner also bears this coat of arms in the centre.
Culture and sightseeing.
Buildings.
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
More about the churches.
The Evangelical church with its Gothic quire with colourful painting comes from the latter half of the 15th century. It was given a new nave in 1743, and until 1898 it was a shared church, used by both Protestants and Catholics. It was in that year that the groundwork was laid for the new Catholic church.
Clubs.
The following clubs are active in Oberhausen bei Kirn:
Economy and infrastructure.
Transport.
Meeting in the village are "Kreisstraßen" 5 and 11. The former leads southwards to neighbouring Kirn. The junction of "Bundesstraßen" 41 and 421 lies a few kilometres east of Kirn. One can also board a train at Kirn on the Nahe Valley Railway (Bingen–Saarbrücken). The travel time on the hourly Regionalexpress trains to Saarbrücken is 1 hour and 10 minutes, while Mainz can be reached in just under an hour. Every other train to and from Frankfurt also runs through to Frankfurt Airport. Frankfurt-Hahn Airport lies some 30 km away from Kirn and can be reached from the town by car in just under a half-hour.


Mujibur Rahman (Sri Lankan politician)

Mohamed Mujibur Rahman (born 17 April 1968; ; ) is a Sri Lankan United National Party politician and member of Parliament for Colombo District, he previously served as member of Western Provincial Council for 6 years before becoming a parliamentarian in 2015.


Ting Mound

The Ting Mound or Thing Moot at Fellfoot Farm, Little Langdale, Cumbria, England is an Ancient Monument (a 'nationally important' archaeological site). It is a natural mound which has been deliberately terraced, possibly in the tenth century, although it has not been dated archaeologically.
It is believed that the mound was used as an open-air meeting place for local government, specifically for a Thing (from the Old Norse "þing"), a type of early assembly found throughout Northern Europe where there was Scandinavian influence.
The mound is very similar to the Tynwald Mount on the Isle of Man. This supports the idea that it was established by Viking settlers, who have left a legacy of Norse toponyms in the Langdales, and possibly built some of the dry-stone walls which are a feature of the landscape. It is situated close to a Roman road and other transport routes through the Cumbrian mountains.
Towards the end of the nineteenth century the site attracted the interest of local antiquarians. It was described by (see note) and painted by W.G. Collingwood.


Duchy of Venetia


Dolobran, Montgomeryshire

Dolobran, in the county of Montgomeryshire (now Powys) in Wales, is a historic estate which was the earliest known seat of the expansive Lloyd family, prominent Quakers, of which in the 18th century a junior branch, the Lloyd family of Birmingham, seated at Farm, Bordesley, became prominent in and around Birmingham as iron-founders and founded Lloyds Bank, today one of the largest banks in the United Kingdom. The grade II* listed manor house known as Dolobran Hall about 8 miles north-west of the town of Welshpool, is situated in the parish of Meifod to the west of the village of Meifod and to the east of the village of Pontrobert. One of the family historians, Humphrey Lloyd (1975), estimated the historic estate of Dolobran to have comprised about 1,000 acres. In 2015 Dolobran Hall and its 70-acre estate are used for farming and industrial training by the J.M. Evans Partnership. John Meirion Evans (1926–2015) of Dolobran Hall by his wife Edith was father to Maurice, Keith and Robert. In 2008 former farmer Rob Evans founded a company to train construction workers in the use of plant and machinery called "Training For The Future", based at "The Brick Barn Dolobran Hall".
Lloyd of Birmingham.
The Lloyd family of Birmingham, a junior branch of Lloyd of Dolobran, were iron-founders and bankers descended from Sampson Lloyd (1699–1779) of "Farm", anciently in the manor of Bordesley, now in the locality of Sparkbrook, who with his eldest son Sampson Lloyd (1728–1807) founded Lloyds Bank.
Surviving house.
A fragment only survives of the manor house of Dolobran which was from 1486 to 1780 the home of the Lloyds. It comprises today a three-bay brick-built house with a small wing with William and Mary panelling downstairs, and a sizeable external brick chimney to the rear with shaped late 17th century supports. This joins onto a later block built onto the house in about 1830.
Quaker Meeting House.
The Quaker Meeting House at Dolobran is an important monument in the history of the Quaker movement in the British Isles. It was built in 1701 by Charles Lloyd (1662–1747) of Dolobran, whose father Charles Lloyd (1637–1698) of Dolobran was the first in the family to become a Quaker. It consists of a tiny isolated chapel built of red-brick with drip courses over the cambered windows and comprising also a two-bay cottage under the same roof. The grade II* listed structure is an early example of brick building in Montgomeryshire. Today the Glyndŵr's Way long distance footpath passes nearby. Among the members of the Quaker meeting were the Lloyd family of Dolobran. Meetings ceased in 1828 but the building was restored by the Quakers in about 1970.
Descent.
Lloyd.
The descent of Dolobran was as follows:
David ap Llewellyn.
David ap Llewellyn of Llwydiarth, the younger of three brothers who inherited as his share of the paternal lands the estates of Dolobran and Coedcowrid. His great-grandfather was Celynin of Llwydiarth, "Baron of Llwydiarth", who bore for arms: "Sable, a he-goat passant argent attired and langued or". By his second wife Medisis Dcuddwr, daughter of Griffith Dcuddwr he had an eldest son and heir Ivan "Teg".
Ivan "Teg".
Ivan "Teg" ("The Handsome"), eldest son and heir. He married Mawd Blaney, daughter of Evan Blaney (ancestor of the Lords Blaney) of Tregynon and Castle Blaney, in County Monahan, Ireland. By his wife he had a son:
Owen of Dolobran.
Owen of Dolobran. In about 1476 he adopted the surname "Lloyd". This was a reference to the family's ancestral estate called "Llwydiarth". He married Catherine Vaughan, daughter of Reynault Vaughan, son of Sir Griffith Vaughan, Knight Banneret.
Evan Lloyd of Dolobran.
Evan Lloyd of Dolobran, son, who married Gwenhafar lloyd, daughter of Meredith Lloyd of Meivod.
David Lloyd (born 1523).
David Lloyd (born 1523) of Dolobran, son, a Justice of the Peace, who married secondly Eva Goch, daughter of David Goch, son of Jenkin Vaughan of Bodoach.
David Lloyd (born 1549).
David Lloyd (born 1549), son, a Justice of the Peace, who married Ales Lloyd, daughter of David Lloyd of Llanarmon-Mynydd-Maur.
John Lloyd (1575–1636).
John Lloyd (1575–1636) of Dolobran, son, a Justice of the Peace for Montgomeryshire, who married his cousin Katherine Wynne, a daughter and co-heiress of Humphrey Wynne of Duffryn. He lived principally at Coedcowrid, where he wainscoted the parlours and hall, and "lived there in great state, having twenty-four men with halberts, his tenants, to attend him to Meifod Church, and placed them in his great pew, under the pulpit".
Charles Lloyd (born 1597).
Charles Lloyd (born 1597) of Dolobran, son, a Justice of the Peace, who married Elizabeth Stanley, daughter of Thomas Stanley, son of Sir Edward Stanley, grandson of Sir Foulk Stanley and great-grandson of Sir Piers Stanley, whose father Sir Rowland Stanley was brother of Lord Strange of Knockyn, of Knockyn Shropshire, of the Stanley Earl of Derby family. He lived at Dolobran, which house he enlarged by adding timber buildings to the north side, making the house "L-shaped". He was a distinguished genealogist, and it was during his occupancy that an oak panel (lost after 1780) was erected over the fireplace of the old hall displaying an heraldic escutcheon showing the arms of Lloyd (with 15 quarters) impaling Stanley (with 6 quarters). By his wife he had three sons and one daughter:
Charles Lloyd (1637–1698).
Charles Lloyd (1637–1698) of Dolobran, eldest son and heir, who like his two brothers was educated at Jesus College, Oxford. In about 1660 he built a "Friends's Meeting House" or Quaker chapel, at Dolobran, which survives today. In 1661 he married firstly Elizabeth Lort (1633–1685), daughter of Sampson Lort (d.pre-1670) of East Moor in Pembrokeshire, one of the three sons of Henry Lort of Stackpole Court in Pembrokeshire, Sheriff of Pembrokeshire in 1619, of whom the eldest was Sir Roger Lort, 1st Baronet (died 1664), created a baronet in 1662. A monument in the north transept of Westminster Abbey survives in memory of Sir Gilbert Lort, 3rd Baronet (c. 1670 – 1698), the last male heir of the Lort family, and a cousin of Elizabeth Lort. In 1662 became a Quaker, having attached himself to George Fox and his followers, the founders of the Society of Friends, for which he suffered much persecution. Following the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660 Quakers were required by the Quaker Act of 1662 to take the Oath of Allegiance to King Charles II (1660–1685). As the swearing of oaths was forbidden by the Quaker religion many refused to do so, including Charles Lloyd and his wife Elizabeth Lort who were imprisoned for their refusal. King James II (1685–1689) issued a Declaration of Indulgence in 1687 and 1688 and a Toleration Act in 1689, which finally allowed for freedom of conscience and prevented persecution. Thus Quakers became tolerated. Charles had serves as a Justice of the Peace and had been proposed as Sheriff of Montgomeryshire, but it appears he became disqualified from holding public office by his religion.
Several references to Charles's career as an early Quaker are recorded in the Travel Journal of Richard Davies, published as "An account of the convincement, exercises, services, and travels of that antient servant of the Lord, Richard Davies, with some relation of ancient Friends, and of the spreading of Truth in North Wales":
His possessions were placed under praemunire, his cattle were sold and Dolobran Hall was partially destroyed. Richard Davies describes Welshpool prison to which Charles Lloyd was taken as "a dirty, nasty place... He was put into a little smoky room, and did lie upon a little straw himself for a considerable time, and at length his tender wife Elizabeth, that was of a considerable family (daughter of Sampson Lort, near Pembroke), was made willing to lie upon straw with her dear and tender husband."
Charles's brother and fellow Quaker, Thomas Lloyd, accompanied by Richard Davies, interceded with Lord Herbert and managed to have Charles released to a form of house arrest in a rented house in Welshpool, where it is probable his second son, Sampson, was born on 26 February 1664. Charles Lloyd was freed following the Declaration of Indulgence of 15 March 1672, and returned to Dolobran Hall, which he expanded into a "U-shape" by the addition of a timber-framed wing.
The Journal of the leading Quaker George Fox refers to Lloyd in 1666: "I passed into Shropshire, and from thence into Wales, and had a large general men's meeting at Charles Lloyd's, where some opposers came in; but the Lord's power brought them down". In 1680 or 1681 at Welshpool, Charles Lloyd with others including his brother Thomas, met William Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph, who wished to "win over the Dissenters by gentleness and argument". The discussion lasted from 2 p.m. in the afternoon till 2 a.m. next morning and continued for two days in the Town Hall, as a public meeting attended by the Lord Lieutenant, magistrates, and other local officials. The bishop was impressed with the civility of Lloyd and the Quakers.
In 1682 Charles Lloyd visited London with five other Quakers to complain of the sufferings of the Bristol Quakers, and met with Sir Lionel Jenkin, Secretary of State. Richard Davies, one of the party, reported that Jenkin "looked grim upon us. I left my friend, Charles Lloyd, to engage with this peevish countryman, and presented Lord Hyde with a list of men and women in prison at Bristol".
In 1698 Charles Lloyd died in Birmingham at the house of his son-in-law John Pemberton. He was buried in the burial-ground of the Society of Friends in Bull Lane, Monmouth Street, Birmingham. When the cemetery was dug up in 1851 for the building of the Great Western Railway his coffin plate was recorded as follows: " Charles Lloyd of Dolobran, in the county of Montgomeryshire, died 26th nth month, 1698, aged 60." and also that of his second wife, Anne Lawrence of Lea in Hereford: "Ann Lloyd, died 6th month, 1708, aged 70".
By his first wife Elizabeth Lort he had one daughter (Elizabeth Lloyd, wife of John Pemberton, of Bennett's
Hill, Birmingham) and two sons: the eldest one Charles Lloyd (1662–1747) of Dolobran and the younger one Sampson Lloyd (1664–1724), born in prison at Welshpool, the patriarch of the Lloyd iron-founding and banking family, who deserted the "uncharitableness of his native Wales" and moved to the town of Birmingham in Warwickshire (home of his brother-in-law John Pemberton), a town especially tolerant of Quakers and a place where due to the absence of guilds controlling trade and industry, it was easy to establish a business or factory. There he became an ironmaster and established a slitting mill at the botton of Bradford Street on the bank of the River Rea, where sheet iron was cut-up to form nails.
It was not insignificant that the two sons Charles and Samuel each married one of the daughters of Ambrose Crowley, a Quaker Blacksmith in Stourbridge, Worcestershire (near Birmingham) and Sheriff of London. The brother of the two sisters was Sir Ambrose Crowley (1658–1713), an ironmonger, whose daughter Elizabeth Crowley was the wife of John St John, 11th Baron St John of Bletso (died 1757). During the time of Sir Ambrose III's management, the Crowley Iron Works at Winlaton, Winlaton Mill, and at Swalwell, all in County Durham were probably Europe's biggest industrial complex. Sir Ambrose lent large sums to the government which appointed him a founding director of the South Sea Company.
Charles Lloyd (1662–1747).
Charles Lloyd (1662–1747) of Dolobran, eldest son, who in 1693 married Sarah Crowley, a daughter of Ambrose Crowley, a Quaker Blacksmith in Stourbridge, Worcestershire (near Birmingham) and Sheriff of London. Her brother was Sir Ambrose Crowley (1658–1713), an ironmonger, whose daughter Elizabeth Crowley was the wife of John St John, 11th Baron St John of Bletso (died 1757). During the time of Sir Ambrose III's management, the Crowley Iron Works at Winlaton, Winlaton Mill, and at Swalwell, all in County Durham were probably Europe's biggest industrial complex. Sir Ambrose lent large sums to the government which appointed him a founding director of the South Sea Company. Charles Lloyd added brick buildings onto Dolobran Hall and added "courts, and gardens, he also built the fish lodge, and made the pool thereof on his estate at Dolobran, greatly to its embellishment, and from whence the Hall itself makes a pretty figure, the more as on account of the brick part of the house being between the timber buildings, rendering the platform thereof nearly to a square."
He set up an iron forge at Dolobran, the office building of which survived in 1883 with a datestone "1719" over the doorway. In common with other small forges it used charcoal as a heat source, obtained from local woodland, and carted its iron product to be sold in the markets of Birmingham (about 62 miles south-east of Dolobran) and Staffordshire. The operation was not successful, having probably started when the price of iron was high and been unable to cope with falling prices. He thus encountered financial difficulties and in 1742, by now an elderly man aged 80, he left Dolobran and moved to Birmingham, where his brother-in-law John Pemberton lived. It appears that part of the Dolobran estate may have been sold by him as he obtained a private Act of Parliament to remove the entail from the estate, thus making it saleable. He died in Birmingham on 21 January 1747 and was buried in the Quaker cemetery there.
Charles Lloyd (1697–1767).
Charles Lloyd (1697–1767), eldest son, of Dolobran, who in 1723 married Jane Wilkins, daughter of Richard Wilkins, of Thornbury. By his wife he had children two sons and five daughters.
Charles Exton Lloyd (1726–1773).
Charles Exton Lloyd (1726–1773), eldest son and heir, who died unmarried in France. His heir to Dolobran was his younger brother James.
James Lloyd (1740–1787).
James Lloyd (1740–1787), younger brother and heir, a wine merchant in Coventry, who died unmarried. In 1780 he sold the Dolobran estate to Joseph Jones.
Jones.
Dolobran was sold by James Lloyd (1740–1787) to Joseph Jones in 1780. Jones was a Clerk of the Peace at Welshpool, probably
an attorney involved in mortgaging the estate. Jones's sons died young and unmarried, and Dolobran was placed in trust for his daughter. In January 1878 her trustees sold Dolobran and the Meeting House to Sampson Samuel Lloyd. "Thus the estate was restored to the family after having been in the possession of others for nearly a century".
Lloyd (repurchased).
In the 1870s the estate was split into two parts, Dolobran Isaf and Dolobran, with each part being re-purchased by a different junior branch of the Lloyd family, both descended from Sampson Lloyd (born 1664). This separation into two estates continued until beyond 1937.
Dolobran Isaf.
In 1872 and 1873 parts of the Dolobran estate known as Dolobran Fach ("alias" Dolobran Isaf) and also Coedcowrid (the dower house of the estate) were repurchased by one of the junior branches of the Lloyd family descended from Sampson Lloyd (born 1664), namely by Henry Lloyd (1840–1902), of Pitsford Hall in Northamptonshire (2nd son of Richard Harman Lloyd (1807–1867) of Allesley House in Warwickshire, a London banker and a grandson of Sampson III Lloyd (1728–1807) of Farm, Bordesley, Warwickshire (now in Sparkbrook, Birmingham), great-nephew of Charles Lloyd (1662–1747) of Dolobran), High Sheriff of Montgomeryshire in 1883. His granddaughter Mary Doreen Lloyd retained Dolobran Isaf until beyond 1937.


Witzhelden

Witzhelden is a small town located in the district of Leichlingen near the cities of Düsseldorf, Solingen, and Cologne in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
History.
Witzhelden is part of the "Rheinisch-Bergische Kreis" a larger district that forms the western part of the "Bergisches Land", where the hills of the Sauerland descend into the Rhine valley. From the Medieval era to the Napoleonic Wars (1100-1805), the Bergisches Land was the territory of the County (Grafschaft) and Duchy (Herzogtum) of Berg. Starting in 1816, the Rhineland provinces became districts of Prussia.
In 1150, a nobleman named Hemmersbach donated his estate to a Cistercian monastery at Hemmerod on the Mosel River. Pope Lucius III confirmed this transfer with a bull dated 11 October 1184 when the village, first mentioned, was known as "Witseleden" meaning the "home of Vito, or Wittrich". In 1235, the Cologne church records reference the town's "Church of Henricus" By 1560, the town was predominantly Lutheran.


Atalanti Island

Atalanti () or Atalantonisi (Αταλαντονήσι) or Talandonísi (Ταλαντονήσι) is a small uninhabited island in the North Euboean Gulf, about 600 m off the coast near the town Atalanti, Phthiotis, Greece. There are several small islets next to Atalanti island, including the islet of Agios Nikolaos.
Anciently, the island was known as Atalanta or Atalante (). It was noted by ancient geographers and historians as a small island off Locris, in the Opuntian Gulf, said to have been torn asunder from the mainland by an earthquake. In the first year of the Peloponnesian War this previously uninhabited island was fortified by the Athenians to prevent Locrian pirates attacking Euboea. In the sixth year of the war a part of the Athenian works was destroyed by the sea, with half the ships on the beach destroyed. Thucydides reports that following an earthquake, the sea receded from the shore before returning in a huge wave. Citing similar events at Peparethus and Orobiae, he suggests that earthquakes and such "sea events" are linked—we now know that such tsunami are in fact caused by earthquakes. In 421 BCE, the Peace of Nicias returned Atalanta to Sparta. Aside from Thucydides, the island is noted by Strabo, Diodorus, Pausanias, Livy, Pliny the Elder, Seneca, and Stephanus of Byzantium.


Princess of Liechtenstein


Albdag

Albdag was a Frisian count from the 9th century.
Albdag controlled the gouw Oostergo in Central Friesland, which is the part of Friesland between Vlie and Lauwers. Friesland is now a province of the Netherlands He ruled in the name of Louis the German in the era when the Jutish Vikings dominated the Netherlands.
In 873, the Viking Rodulf Haraldsson made a predatory raid on Oostergo. The people organised themselves with the help of a Christian Norman to resist the invaders. Rodulf was killed in the battle. Herre Halbertsma has argued that the battle would have occurred around the church of Dokkum.


Marion Evans

Marion Evans (born Marion Jones, 20 June 1935 in Rhymney, Monmouthshire), is a Welsh historian and writer. She has written extensively about the town of Rhymney and its neighbouring villages and supporting forewords to her publications have been written by Ted Rowlands, Baron Rowlands; George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy; Eirene White, Baroness White of Rhymney; Roy Noble, BBC Wales; Edwina Hart, Welsh Assembly Minister and Sir Roddy Llewellyn.
Life.
From matriculation at Rhymney Grammar School she went to Cheshire County Training College, Crewe to gain her teaching certificate. She then taught at Hucknall and Tollerton primary schools in Nottinghamshire before returning to her place of birth to teach art and craft at Rhymney Grammar School. This was followed by a position at Upper Rhymney Primary School where she taught for more than twenty years. Marion was a founder member of the Rhymney Art Society, a member of the Rhymney Valley Art Society, the National Eisteddfod Art Committee, the Steering Committee of the Rhymney Valley Festival Organisation, a founder member of the Rhymney and District Society and a member of the League of Friends and the Rhymney Historical Society. She is also a member of the Wales Council for British Archeology.
Work.
For many years a keen researcher of local history Marion Evans' first publication took place in 1988 when teaching at Upper Rhymney Primary School. This was an educational aid to environmental studies entitled "The Story of our Village, Rhymney"
which was supported by the Committee of Wales of the School Curriculum Development Council and used in schools throughout the Wales. Its content gave pupils a broad look at the town, covering topics such as chapels and churches, shops, schools, industry and costume and invited them to pursue their own exercises of discovery. Marion received a Jon Award for its translation into the Welsh language a number of years later. That same year she was forced to retire from teaching following a serious road traffic accident but her recovery was therapeutically assisted by throwing herself again into historical research and the production of local history works. There followed, over a number of years, five volumes of her series of "A Portrait of Rhymney with cameos of Pontlottyn, Tafarnaubach, Princetown, Abertysswg and Fochriw" where each volume takes an in-depth look at the history of Rhymney and its neighbouring villages and the people, whether famous or infamous, who lived through the generations. In 2008 she produced "The History of Andrew Buchan's Rhymney Brewery", a comprehensive study of the company's origins from its inception in 1839 to its demise in 1978 and of the tradesmen and staff who worked there. In between the above have been produced various articles and booklets for different organisations and newsletters which include "A History of the Gelligaer Common", written for the Council for the Protection of Rural Wales, "Clay Pipes", a booklet produced in 1991 for the National Eisteddfod of Wales Committee which was held that year in Rhymney. In 2006 she wrote a profile of Rhymney's celebrated poet Idris Davies for the Rhymney Community Council to celebrate the rededication of his burial and in 2005 a further booklet entitled "A Portrait of the Bent Iron" to commemorate the reconstruction of an historical local landmark, commissioned by the Communities First Partnership Board, Rhymney.


HMS Tetcott (L99)

HMS "Tetcott" was a Type II British built for the Royal Navy during World War II. She was the only Royal Navy ship to be named after the Tetcott fox hunt.
Wartime service.
1941.
Following completion on 11 December 1941 the ship headed for Scapa Flow where it arrived on 16 December and joined the Home Fleet. The vessel collided with the corvette on 23 December which meant that the next two months were spent in repair on the Clyde and later in Southampton.
1942.
The vessel was finally ready for service again on 2 March 1942 and returned to Scapa Flow for working-up. On 15 April 1942 "Tetcott" joined convoy WS18 at the ocean escort Clyde Assembly point. The ship escorted this convoy to Cape Town, detaching briefly to call into Freetown on the way.
At Cape Town, "Tetcott" headed into the Indian Ocean and on to Alexandria via the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, arriving in early June 1942 where she joined the 9th Destroyer Flotilla.
On 10 June the ship sailed with carrying supplies to the garrison at Tobruk. "Grove" was torpedoed on 12 June during the return journey and "Tetcott" picked up the survivors. On 16 June the ship came under heavy Axis air attack whilst defending of ships returning to Alexandria following the termination of Operation Vigorous.
In July the ship operated as part of Operation Exporter off Palestine and Syria. On 4 August, with the destroyers and the ship attacked the German submarine and forced the U-boat to the surface. 16 German crew and a Lebanese civilian were rescued.
In September 1942, the ship was assigned with to convoy duties in the Red Sea, but returned to the Mediterranean in October. In November 1942, the ship formed part of the close escort for Convoy MW13, from Alexandria to Malta. This convoy succeeded in reaching Malta, and the ship formed part of the close escort on the return journey. In December, "Tetcott" was one of the escorts in the Alexandria to Malta convoy, MW14, after which she joined the 22nd Destroyer Flotilla at Algiers.
1943.
In January 1943 the ship escorted from Malta to Alexandria during cover for passage of a Malta and on 1 February rescued survivors from the minelayer which had been torpedoed off Sollum. She continued patrol and escort duties in the eastern and central Mediterranean for the next two months.
In July she took part on Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily, and in September the Salerno landing, Operation Avalanche.
1944.
In January 1944, the ship was assigned to the Northern Attack Force for Operation Shingle, the Anzio Landings, and provided shore bombardment in support of the landings.
From February until August 1944, the ship operated in the Adriatic Sea providing shore bombardment and operating as a convoy escort. In September she supported the invasion of the Aegean islands, and then worked as part of the liberation of Greece. Deployments off Greece and Albania continued until March 1945.
1945.
"Tetcott" then operated off the Italian coast, and was slightly damaged in April during the bombardment of Genoa. The ship returned to the UK, arriving at Portsmouth on 21 May before heading to Gibraltar in June for a refit, which started on 5 July.
Post-war.
The ship was due to be assigned to the Indian Ocean following the refit but this was cancelled with the surrender of Japan and instead the refit was cut short and the ship placed in reserve on 17 January 1946 before heading back to the UK.
In November 1952, it was announced that the ship would be preserved at the Penarth Docks, but this plan failed. Instead the ship was towed to Gibraltar where she remained until September 1955 when she was towed back to the Barrow in Furness, in Extended Reserve, having had much of her equipment removed and the vessel no longer maintained and placed on the Disposal List. In January 1956 "Tetcott" was reclassified as a hulk and in August transferred to BISCO for scrapping.


John Bardsley

John Wareing Bardsley (29 March 1835 – 14 March 1914) was the Bishop of Carlisle.
He was the son of Canon James Bardsley, once a Bradford curate. As a boy he lived in Church Street, Burnley, attending Burnley Grammar School between 1843-48. He continued his education at Manchester Grammar School and Trinity College, Dublin.
He began his career as a curate at St Anne's Sale after which he held incumbencies at St John's, Bootle and then St Saviour's, Liverpool. From 1880 to 1886 he was Archdeacon of Warrington and then Archdeacon of Liverpool for a year before his ordination to the episcopate as Bishop of Sodor and Man in 1887. In 1891 he was translated to Carlisle, a post he held until his death on 14 March 1914.
He was buried at Roughtonhead near Carlisle. Whilst at Bootle he had married Mary Powell with whom he had five children.
Later generations of the Bardsley family included Cyril Bardsley, Bishop of Peterborough from 1924 to 1927, and Cuthbert Bardsley, suffragan Bishop of Croydon from 1947 to 1956, and Bishop of Coventry from 1956 to 1976.


Myrtis

Myrtis is the name given by archaeologists to an 11-year-old girl from ancient Athens, whose remains were discovered in 1994–95 in a mass grave during work to build the metro station at Kerameikos, Greece. The name was chosen from common ancient Greek names. The analysis showed that Myrtis and two other bodies in the mass grave had died of typhoid fever during the Plague of Athens in 430 BCE.
The United Nations Regional Information Centre made Myrtis a friend of the Millennium Development Goals and used her in the UN campaign "We Can End Poverty".
Reconstruction.
Human skeletal evidence from Classical Greece is scarce, as most burials at that time were preceded by cremation. Before Myrtis, no attempt to reconstruct an Ancient Greek layperson's face has been recorded.
Myrtis' skull was in an unusually good condition and Greek orthodontics professor Manolis Papagrigorakis requested help from Swedish specialists to recreate her facial features. A special scanner was employed for the non-invasive acquisition of high-resolution anatomic data of Myrtis' skull. The volume of the skull was determined at 446 cm3. Following scanning, an exact replica of her skull was created, which became the basis for subsequent forensic facial reconstruction. The reconstruction process followed the so-called "Manchester method": the facial tissues were laid from the skull surface outward by using depth marker pegs to determine thickness. The shape, size and position of the eyes, ears, nose and mouth were determined through the features of the underlying skeletal tissues. 20 different muscles were sculpted. The thickness of the facial tissues were evaluated according to average values taken from corresponding reference tables for age, gender and race. The mouth width and the lip thickness were estimated by the pattern and the skeletal craniofacial attributes of the associated area. Myrtis' reconstructed face was given brown eyes and red hair, but the true colors of these can only be determined by DNA analysis. The hairstyle she was given follows the fashion of the time.
Dental condition.
A class II skeletal and dental malocclusion was observed in Myrtis' remains. Other reported dental issues are the ectopic labial eruption of the maxillary canines mesially to their retained deciduous predecessors, the ectopic distally directed eruption of a lower first premolar and a unilaterally missing lower third molar.


Urspelt Castle

Urspelt Castle () is located in the little village of Urspelt some 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Clervaux in northern Luxembourg. Though the castle has a history going back at least three centuries, today's building dates from 1860. After comprehensive restoration work and additions, it recently opened as a hotel and meeting centre.
History.
The origins of the castle go back more than 300 years when it was a small country property. Then in 1860, Amand Bouvier considerably expanded it. A new garden was laid out, now one of the area's most notable parks with its avenues and elm trees. When Bouvier died in 1900, he left a magnificent estate to his nephew Alfred Bouvier but he and his descendants failed to show much interest in the property. During the Second World War, the Germans used the castle as their headquarters for northern Luxembourg until they were forced to abandon it to the Americans during the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944. After the war, the castle fell into disrepair and was used only as a hunting lodge. Towards the end of the 20th century, the deserted building was increasingly invaded by the surrounding undergrowth.
Finally, in August 2005, Freddy Lodomez bought the property and immediately embarked on comprehensive restoration work which continued for three years as the building was fitted out as a luxury hotel. An old well, apparently dating back to an 11th-century stronghold, was found and renovated. A second tower was added at the far end of the castle to house a lift.
The castle today.
Since August 2008, the building has functioned as a hotel and conference centre.


Provveditore Generale da Mar

The Provveditore Generale da Mar ("Superintendent General of the Sea") was a senior office in the Venetian navy and in the Venetian overseas empire.
The "Provveditore Generale da Mar" was the supreme commander of the Venetian fleet in peacetime. In wartime, he was replaced by the "Capitano Generale da Mar", with more ample powers. The office usually had a tenure of three years, but in wartime, the nomination of a new "Capitano Generale da Mar" was usually accompanied also by the election of a new "Provveditore Generale". From the first half of the 16th century, he also appears as the governor of the Venetian Ionian Islands. Eventually this appointment became regularized, as the "Provveditore Generale del Levante"; with his seat at Corfu, the "Provveditore Generale da Mar" was the senior civil and military governor of the Ionian Islands in peacetime.
Typically he hoisted his ensign on a bastard galley, although in later times he was allowed to use a sailing ship of the line instead. As a sign of his command, the poop deck of his vessel bore three lanterns.
In wartime, due to his absence at the head of the fleet, he was sometimes replaced by a "Provveditore Generale delle Tre Isole" ("Superintendent general of the Three Islands"), referring to Corfu, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos, renamed to "Provveditore Generale delle Quattro Isole" after the addition of Lefkada to the Venetian domains in 1684.
The office was abolished after the Fall of the Republic of Venice and the start of French rule in the Ionian Islands in June 1797.
Mural monument in Corfu.
Marco Antonio Diedo (Marcantonio Diedo), Supreme Governor (Venetian Provveditore Generale da Mar) 1728-31, is memorialised on a 1728 Venetian monument affixed to the Defensive Wall of the New Fortress of Corfu Town, displaying above the Lion of Saint Mark (the symbol of Venice) and the arms of Diedo. It is inscribed in Latin as follows:
("To God, most good, most great, Alvise III Mocenigo, Duke of the Venetians (i.e. Doge); Marco Antonio Diedo (Marcantonio Diedo), Supreme Governor (Venetian Provveditore Generale da Mar) 1728-31 ("Superintendent General of the Sea")); Giorgio Grimani, Commander of the Fleet; the first ordered this (i.e. the Wall); the second planned it; the third, by labour day and night, quickly completed it").


Whippingham railway station

Whippingham railway station is a former railway station near Whippingham on the Isle of Wight, off the south coast of England. It was arguably the most underused station on an often sparsely used Island network. It was built solely because of the need to have a station within reasonable proximity to Queen Victoria's Island residence Osborne House, and it is known that Queen Victoria did use the station on at least one occasion, on 11 February 1888, when she travelled from Whippingham to Ventnor and back for the opening of the National Consumption Hospital there. The station is also known to have been used by the young Lord Mountbatten. In its early days its passenger carrying status was ambiguous and, although always clean and tidy, it was never very busy. A passing loop was added in 1912 and indeed was retained for a further three years after closure in 1953. Trains continued to pass through the station until the line was closed in 1966. The station house, now a private dwelling, still stands, with the only other building within any sort of close proximity being the Island crematorium. The old railway track at the location is now a public footpath and cycle track.
The station was described in the Railway Magazine:
Few people know that the delightfully rural station of Whippingham, in the Isle of Wight, was originally built to be a private station, though now it may be said to have become quite a public one. The station is near the charming village which was so dear to the heart of her late Majesty Queen Victoria, and, when it was first planned it was intended that the station should be kept exclusively for the use of the Queen, the Roval family, or visitors to Osborne. But with her usual kindness of heart and thoughtfulness for her humblest dependents, Queen Victoria soon saw what a boon it would be for the surrounding tenantry and villagers to be able to use Whippingham Station, rather than to have to go to Cowes or Newport, and then return for miles to their homes. So she graciously allowed her private station to be used by almost everybody who wished, until at length it became a really public station.
It would indeed be difficult to find a more lovely spot than Whippingham. or a nicer station for a country village than is the one there. It has seen many historic sights, too; being probably the only private railway station—in our time—that can boast of such renown. Royalties from far and near have here detrained: men and women famous over the world have trodden its platform when visiting or leaving the great Qeeen of England; it has witnessed the joy of marriages and the pain of deaths amongst the Royal family in a way no other station has done.
A woman presides over its destinies, just as does one at Watchingwell, not many miles distant. Stationmistresses are not so common in our islands as to have ceased to attract attention from passing travellers, and these on the Isle of Wight Central Railway draw more than a moderate share of public attention from the yearly thousands of visitors to the "Garden of England".


Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Cagliari

The Museo archeologico nazionale ("National Archaeological Museum") is a museum in Cagliari, Sardinia (Italy).
The museum houses findings from the pre-Nuragic and Nuragic age to the Byzantine age. These include a large collection of prehistoric bronze statuettes from the Nuragic age, some earlier stone statuettes of female divinities, reconstruction of a Phoenician settlement, the Nora Stone, Carthaginian goldsmith examples, Roman and Italic ceramics and Byzantine jewels.
The museum houses a valuable collection of wax anatomical models made in Florence by the sculptor Clemente Susini from dissections by the anatomist Francesco Antonio Boi between 1801 and 1805. The collection is housed in a pentagonal room. Preparation of the models was funded by Charles Felix (1765-1831), the younger brother of King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (1759-1824), and the collection was originally held in his Museum of Natural History and Antiquities - these were transferred to the University of Cagliari in 1858, then to the museum in 1991.
The museum itself was formerly an armory. After falling into disrepair, the building was rebuilt by Italian architect Libero Cecchini.
References.
Citations
Sources


Bergisel

The Bergisel is a hill (746 m) that lies to the south of Innsbruck, Austria, in the area of Wilten, where the Sill river meets the Inn Valley.
The word's first syllable "Berg-" doesn't correspond etymologically to the German word "Berg" with the meaning "mountain". The Bergisel's contemporary name is derived from the pre-Roman word "burgusinus" (elevated position), which then altered through folk etymology, causing the occasional spelling "Berg Isel" or its English equivalent "Mount Isel".
Among its earlier uses were as a cremation site and as a habitation area during the Iron Age.
In 1809, Bergisel was the site of the four Battles of Bergisel under the command of the freedom fighter Andreas Hofer. In 1892, the Andreas Hofer monument was erected in order to commemorate the battles.
Since 1952, Innsbruck has hosted one leg of the Four Hills Tournament. The Bergiselschanze was built of concrete for the 1964 Winter Olympics to replace an older, smaller ramp. It was also used for the 1976 Winter Olympics. A new ramp was opened in 2003, designed by the architect Zaha Hadid, as the old one no longer conformed to contemporary requirements of ski jumping.
Until an accident following a mass panic, which resulted in several deaths, the Bergisel stadium was also the site of the Air & Style snowboard festival.
Both the Brenner railway and the Brennerautobahn have tunnels below the Bergisel. The Sill Gorge, a recreational site, is located at its base.
The Bergisel can be reached by the Stubaitalbahn from Innsbruck, exiting at Station Sonnenburgerhof, or by the Tram 1, at Station Bergisel.


Tiber Valley Project

The British School at Rome’s "Tiber Valley Project" studies the changing landscapes of the middle Tiber Valley as the hinterland of Rome through two millennia. It draws on the vast amount of archaeological work carried out in this area to examine the impact of the growth, success and transformation of the city on the history of settlement, economy and society in the river valley from ca. 1000 BC to AD 1000.
The wealth of surface survey evidence in particular provides a valuable resource for examining these themes. However, no study has ever attempted to incorporate the wide range of settlement and economic evidence available and the full potential of the data for understanding these processes has been largely undeveloped.
British fieldwork in this area goes back to the beginning of the 19th century with Thomas Ashby’s pioneering study of the Roman campagna. However it was the South Etruria survey, directed by John Ward Perkins’ in the 1950s to 70s, which represented a milestone in Italian and Mediterranean landscape archaeology and stimulated a series of field surveys and excavations by British and, in particular, Italian archaeologists in this area.
The Tiber Valley project involves twelve British universities and institutions as well as many Italian scholars.
Tim Potter’s classic synthesis of the South Etruria survey, ‘The Changing landscape of South Etruria’ published in 1979, represented the first and only attempt to analyze developments in one part of this area through time. The first phase of the Tiber Valley project and the restudy of the South Etruria data has led to a fundamental reassessment of our historical and archaeological approaches to the Tiber valley, allowing a new reading of the historical landscape and the changing relationship between Rome and its hinterland. A volume on the ‘Changing landscapes of the middle Tiber valley’ is now in preparation by the director of the project and the two Leverhulme funded research fellows.


Principality of Upper Hungary

The Principality of Upper Hungary (; ) was a short lived Ottoman vassal state ruled by Imre Thököly.
Background.
The region of Upper Hungary was considered to be an appanage principality, and it was usually managed by the heir of Hungarian throne, or by a brother of the reigning king. This territory would be administrated from the city of Pozsony (, today's Bratislava). After peace treaty of Vasvár was signed in 1664, loyalty felt by Hungarians towards Habsburg dynasty was in decline. Imperial administration acted against interests of the Hungarian estates. In 1671 a rebellion was successfully thwarted. However, a year later Mihály Teleki led a more successful rebellion. In 1680 Imre Thököly became the leading figure of the rebellion. These rebellions were supported and sustained by the Ottoman state and the Principality of Transylvania.
Establishment and later history.
The principality was established on 19 November 1682. The polity agreed to pay 20,000 gold coins to the Ottomans annually. In 1685 Thököly was defeated at Eperjes (present-day Prešov) and the Turks imprisoned him because of his previous negotiations with Leopold therefore his realm ceased to exist.


Fyne Court

Fyne Court is a National Trust-owned nature reserve and visitor centre in Broomfield, Somerset, England. It was a large English country house belonging to the Crosse family since its construction, although the date when it was built is not known.
Andrew Crosse conducted a series of experiments with electricity, including the development of large voltaic piles, at the house during his ownership in the early 19th century. The main building of Fyne Court burnt down in 1894. The buildings which survived the fire have been used as offices and a visitor centre by organisations such as the Somerset Wildlife Trust and Quantock Hills AONB Service since it came into the ownership of the National Trust in 1967. It is surrounded by a large country estate of woodland, ponds and meadows. Within the grounds are a folly and boathouse.
History.
The nature reserve is set in parkland which was originally the pleasure grounds of a large house belonging to 19th-century scientist and pioneer in electricity, Andrew Crosse, whose family had owned the house from its construction.
Having lost his parents, his father in 1800 and his mother in 1805, Crosse took over the management of the family estates at the age of 21. Among his experiments Crosse erected "an extensive apparatus for examining the electricity of the atmosphere," incorporating at one point an insulated wire some long, later shortened to , suspended from poles and trees. Using this wire he was able to determine the polarity of the atmosphere under various weather conditions. His results were published by his friend George Singer in 1814, as part of Singer's "Elements of Electricity and Electro-Chemistry".
Along with Sir Humphry Davy (who visited Fyne Court in 1827), Crosse was one of the first to develop large voltaic piles. Although it was not the largest he built, Henry Minchin Noad's "Manual of Electricity" describes a battery consisting of 50 jars containing of coated surface. Using his wires Crosse was able to charge and discharge it some 20 times a minute, "accompanied by reports almost as loud as those of a cannon". He became known locally as "the thunder and lightning man". In 1836 Sir Richard Phillips described seeing a wide variety of voltaic piles at Fyne Court, totalling 2,500, of which 1,500 were in use when he visited.
The house was the childhood home of The Right Hon. Susan Harris, Countess of Malmesbury, who was the daughter of John Hamilton of Fyne Court and the second wife of James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury, Foreign Secretary and Tory politician. She published a number of books and articles in her lifetime including 'Village Life in England' in which she recorded some reminiscences of life in Broomfield. She later married Major General Sir John Charles Ardagh who is buried in Church of St Mary & All Saints, Broomfield churchyard and wrote an account of his life.
The house burnt down in 1894. However the detached music room in which Crosse conducted his experiments survived, along with some of the books and oil paintings by Anthony van Dyck and Peter Paul Rubens. The laboratory table on which Crosse carried out experiments stands in the aisle of the Church of St. Mary and All Saints in Broomfield and an obelisk in his memory is in the churchyard.
In 1918 several hundred acres of the woodland within the park was sold at an auction in Taunton. Fyne Court was left to the National Trust by John Adams in 1967, and passed in to the Trust's ownership in 1972 once legal issues were resolved. It was also used as the headquarters of the Somerset Wildlife Trust. The Quantock Hills AONB Service have their headquarters in the grounds.
Grounds.
Fyne Court is surrounded by a estate.
Much of the landscaping, including an arboretum laid out in 1780, has become overgrown and now provides varied habitats including broadleaved woodland, ponds and meadows grazed by highland cattle. The site is home to over 100 species of fungi and some rare invertebrates. In the grounds is a folly with two wide crenelated towers, and a boathouse.


Aberystwyth and Tregaron Bank

The bank officially known as the Aberystwith and Tregaron Bank was established at Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire in the beginning of the 19th century and was locally known as ‘Banc y Ddafad Ddu’, because the bank notes were imprinted with an engraving of a black sheep. The Bank later established a branch at Tregaron
In the 1960s and 1970s the Bank's notes inspired a Mr Richard Williams to imitate them.
Banknotes.
The notes were issued for ten shillings, £1, £2 and up to £10. The number of sheep on the engraving corresponded to the number of pounds represented by the bank note, though the £5 and £10 notes bore respectively one ram and two rams. The ten shilling note was decorated with an illustration of a lamb.
The earliest note appears to have been issued on 1 October 1810 and bears the signature of William Davies on behalf of Evans, Jones, Davies & Co. A number of notes have been preserved signed either by John Evans or William Davies. The notes are all dated within the period 1810 to 1814.
Original Black Sheep bank notes are held by the British Museum, and Ceredigion Museum. Llanidloes Museum holds original promissory notes issued by the Bank.
Members of the bank.
The members of the bank were John Evans of Penygraig, Aberystwyth, Joseph Jones and William Davies, and their London agents at that date were Veres, Smart, Baron & Co.
A memorial tablet to John Evans can be found at Llanbadarn Fawr churchyard, near Aberystwyth.
Tregaron branch.
The bank opened a branch in Tregaron in 1810, as a result of the thriving local economy based on wool, droving, agriculture, and supporting businesses, such as blacksmiths and public houses.
The proprietor of the Gold Shop in Tregaron obtained an original Black Sheep bank note after a 15-year wait. The bank note was found in the papers of a Carmarthen solicitor.
Liquidation.
The bank was in trouble by 1811 as an advert in the Carmarthen Journal recorded: "Evans, Jones, Davies and Co, Bankers of the Aberystwith and Tregaron Bank beg leave to inform the public that their bank has been open for business since its commencement and will continue so, notwithstanding an attempt lately made to injure it by inveterate enemies".
In 1815 it went into liquidation. "Aberystwyth Old Bank. Messrs Jones, Davies and Williams beg to inform the public that the dissolution of their form has taken place by mutual consent, and they will feel obliged by the holders of their local notes sending them for payment to their Banking house, at Aberystwyith and those made payable in London to the House of Sir James Esdaile and Co. Aberystwyth Old bank, August 10, 1815."
Debts were still due to the bank in 1820. "Aberystwith and Tregaron Bank. Evans, Jones and Davies Bankruptcy (public notice). Any debts to the above to be paid by 1 November 1820 to William Leyburn of Aberystwyth or Thomas Jones, ropemaker."
A number of notes bear a memorandum stamped across the face of the note stating that they had been exhibited before G. Bonsall under a commission of bankruptcy against the firm, and that a first dividend of 6s. 8d. in the £ had been paid. The memorandum does not bear a date, but it appears that no other dividend was received by the owners of the notes.
Imitation.
During the late 1960s and early 1970s Richard Hugh Williams of Llandudno issued paper money which bore a 2d (2 "old" pence) Duty Stamp, which R H Williams paid for. This meant, in his view, that the notes were “officially” recognised., although it should be pointed out that ordinary cheques were also subject to such stamping until early 1971.
The first issues were made by "y Prif Trysorfa Cymru Cyfyngedig" ("the Chief Treasury of Wales Ltd”), and the significance of this company name appears to have been overlooked initially by the Stamp Office, as the notes were written in Welsh. It is unlikely that the notes would have been officially stamped - or even that registration of such a company name would have been allowed - if this had been recognised.
When officials demanded that the company name be changed, Williams changed it to "Cwmni y Ddafad Ddu Gymreig Cyfyngedig" (the “Black Sheep Company Ltd”), a name inspired by the bank note issues of the Aberystwith & Tregaron Bank. Again, it seems that the Stamp Office was unaware of this historical precedent and the significance of the name. They duly officially stamped these issues also.
Other Aberystwyth banks.
Other Aberystwyth banks include Bank Y Llong and Aberystwyth Provident Bank for Savings, both had branches on Bridge Street, Aberystwyth.


Vittorio Francesco, Marquis of Susa

Vittorio Francesco of Savoy (Vittorio Francesco Filippo; 10 December 1694 – 20 March 1762) was the illegitimate son of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia and Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes. He was styled as the "Marquis of Susa".
Biography.
His mother, "Madame de Verrue", was the French wife of prominent Piedmontese diplomat working for the Duke of Savoy. At the Savoyard capital of Turin, the Duke of Savoy became infatuated with the young countess and in 1689, Jeanne Baptiste gave into the duke's overture, encouraged by the Duchess of Savoy Anne Marie d'Orléans and her uncle, the French king Louis XIV.
When Victor Amadeus II became so obsessed with Jeanne Baptiste that he had her shut up from view of the court for some time, Jeanne Baptiste fled Savoy and sought refuge in France, ruled by Louis XIV. When Vittorio's mother fled Savoy in 1700, he and his sister Maria Vittoria Francesca of Savoy were left in Savoy and were cared for by a loving father.<br>
Victor Amadeus II had them both legitimised and created them Marquis and Marchesa of Susa.
Vittorio had a military career and led the Piedmontese troops against a French-Spanish army in the Battle of Villafranca (1744), where he was taken prisoner.
He married in 1760 with Maria Lucrezia Franchi (died 1777), daughter of Gaspare Orazio Franchi, Count of Ponte Chianale. They had no children.


Peter de Heyno

Peter de Heyno was the Lord of Stenbury, Isle of Wight under Edward III.
In 1377 a raiding force of French and Castilians invaded the Isle of Wight and burnt Yarmouth and Newtown which he had to defend. They laid siege to Carisbrooke Castle during which Peter de Heyno killed their leader with an arrow from his "silver bow" fired through a loophole in the battlements known as "De Heyno's Loop". The French were defeated in a sally by the defenders led by the commander Sir Hugh Tyrell and withdrew after payment of a bribe.


Hans Dorn

Hans Dorn (or Johannes Dorn) was a German printer of the late 15th and early 16th centuries, active in Brunswick
He is known to have been in Brunswick during the period of 1493–1525.
He may have been active as a bookseller before becoming a printer. The first book known to have printed by him, and at the same time the oldest known book printed in Brunswick, is a Low German "Plenarium" with the title "Dath boke der hilgen Ewangelien. Lectien. Profecien unde Epistelen", dated 15 July 1506. An earlier print by Dorn, dated 1502, is mentioned in an 18th-century source. Dorn primarily produced theological or liturgical works in Low German and Latin, such as "Summula doctrinarum Jhesu Christi" by Nikolaus Decius, "St. Annen Büchlein." (1507), "Judenspiegel." by Johannes Pfefferkorn (1507), by Henning Caldrusius (1511), "Distichoneomenion Abaci: sive Computus ecclesiastici ..." (1517), "De guldene Lettanye: Dagelicke Anropynge unde Bede tho gode, Marien, und allem hemmelischen Hehre" (1518).
From 1518, he also printed Protestant literature, such as Martin Luther's "Sermon von Ablass und Gnade" (1518)
and Gottschalk Kruse's (1521).
He also printed two medical worksm, and a travelogue of the pilgrimage from Hildesheim to Santiago de Compostela by Gerd Helmich.
His last known print dates to 1525. The year of his death is unknown.
He does not appear to have had a direct successor, the next known printer in Brunswik is Andreas Goldbeck, active from 1539.


Karl von Ditmar

Karl Bernhard Woldemar Ferdinand von Ditmar (sometimes "Carl von Ditmar") ( in Vändra – in Tartu) was a Baltic German geologist and explorer, who travelled in and contributed to the scientific understanding of Kamchatka.
Life and work.
Karl von Ditmar was born in Vändra, present-day Estonia as the son of jurist Woldemar Friedrich Carl Ditmar and Charlotte Ditmar, "née" Stackelberg. He studied at the University of Tartu in 1841–1847, where he befriended Leopold von Schrenck and Karl Maximovich, as well as Karl Ernst von Baer. Ditmar began studying agricultural science but after some time changed to mineralogy and geology under Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich and Hermann Martin Asmuss. After having graduated university with a master's degree, Ditmar in 1846–1848 travelled Europe and among other things attended lectures at the Freiberg Mining Academy in present-day Germany. In 1848 he returned to Russia and Saint Petersburg, and through his friendship with Leopold von Schrenck was introduced to Alexander von Middendorff at the Imperial Academy of Sciences.
In 1851 Ditmar undertook a voyage to Kamchatka which would last until 1854, and there undertook important scientific investigations. His account of the travels in Kamchatka, published first in 1890, is still used by scientists involved in studies of Kamchatka.
In 1855–1856, Ditmar also made a geographical survey trip in the area of the river Amur. He returned to Livonia in 1856 and settled in his estate at Käru, and in 1858 married Wilhelmina Stackelberg. The couple had four daughters.


Mill Hill railway station (Isle of Wight)

Mill Hill railway station is a disused station in Cowes on the Isle of Wight. It was first seen as the down train from the main Cowes railway station emerged from the 208 yard tunnel along the curving platform, the sweep still visible in 2005 on a small area of grass where the demolished station once stood. Unlike many of the Island's railway stations, Mill Hill was busy at the beginning and end of each working day, depositing and picking up hundreds of workmen from shipyards.
Conversely, after passenger closure in 1966 a single employee spent six months on duty at the crossing just past the station with not one chance to open it, although freight traffic continued to Medina Wharf for a few months after passenger trains were withdrawn.


Stadtoldendorf

Stadtoldendorf is a town in the center of the Holzminden district, Lower Saxony, Germany. Stadtoldendorf is the seat of the "Samtgemeinde" ("collective municipality") Eschershausen-Stadtoldendorf.
Allocation of seats in the local council electoral period 2006-2011:


Prince Oddone, Duke of Montferrat

Oddone of Savoy (Oddone Eugenio Maria; 11 July 1846 – 22 January 1866) was an Italian humanist and philanthropist. He was the fourth child and third eldest son of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and his wife Adelaide of Austria. He was a "Prince of Savoy".
Life.
Born with a serious genetic disease, from the age of two he showed severely debilitating symptoms (dwarfism and developmental deformity); he was therefore placed on the margins of the court life of the House of Savoy due to poor health. Endowed with uncommon intelligence, resourcefulness and intellectual liveliness, he therefore dedicated himself to studying, taking an interest in his short existence in various subjects, both scientific and artistic.
During his brief life, the prince was occupied with the study of art and the acquisition of artifacts from ancient Greece and Rome for the city of Genoa, which remain in the Museum of Ligurian Archaeology ().
Other pieces Oddone collected and donated are present at Genoa's Gallery of Modern Art, which is partly named for the prince. Oddone lived the last four years of his life in Genoa. The prince chose Genoa for his residence for its mild climate that benefited his ailing physical condition.
As a scholar, the prince had come into contact with leading cultural figures, including the sculptor Santo Varni, who served as his adviser and friend, Tammar Luxoro, and Pasquale Domenico Cambiaso. Oddone died at age 19 at the Royal Palace of Genoa shortly before dawn on 22 January 1866.


Trautmannsdorf an der Leitha

Trautmannsdorf an der Leitha is a town in the district of Bruck an der Leitha in Lower Austria in Austria.
Geography.
Trautmannsdorf an der Leitha lies in the industrial area of Lower Austrica. The Leitha River crosses the municipality. It is the third-largest municipality of the district. About 9.56 percent of the municipality is forested.
The municipality contains the following villages:


2007 Jersey constable election

The 2007 Constable elections in Jersey were the last before a revised election system was introduced to the island in 2008, resulting in some elected Constables serving terms of less than 15 months.
Constable elections in 2007.
Constable elections are normally for a period of four years. From 2008, all Constables would be elected on a single day, and all terms would be cut short to allow for this. Thus all elections in 2007 were for a period until that date.
Constable of St Peter.
Nominations Date: 14 June 2007
Candidates
Constable of Grouville.
Election Date: 25 July 2007
Candidates
Turnout 53.2%, Spoilt Papers
Constable of St Saviour.
Nominations Date: 25 July 2007
Candidates
Constable of St Helier.
Election took place 9 January 2008 (Crowcroft win)
Two candidates:


John Stirling of Kippendavie

John Stirling of Kippendavie (1742–1816) was an 18th/19th century Scottish landowner.
Life.
He was born on 22 December 1742, the second son of Patrick Stirling 4th laird of Kippendavie (1704-1745), from a family of renowned Jacobite sympathisers, and his wife Margaret Douglas.
In 1776, Stirling inherited the estate of Kippendavie, north-east of Dunblane, following the death of his elder brother, Patrick Stirling. John then become the 6th Laird of Kippendavie. Around 1800, he also acquired the estate of Kippenross, south-east of Dunblane. On his brother's death, he also inherited the Keir plantation on Jamaica in the West Indies.
He died on 7 June 1816 at aged 73. He was buried in the north aisle of Dunblane Cathedral. A monument to his memory by Peter Turnerelli lies high on the north wall. He left a fortune of over £146,000.
Family.
In April 1781, he was married to Mary Graham, daughter of William Graham of Airth and they had at least 13 children.
His sons were tutored by Rev James Thomson.
His daughter Eliza Christian Stirling married Sir William John Milliken-Napier, 8th Baronet.
He was father to Jane Stirling.
He appears to be either cousin or in-law to the Stirlings of Keir (as he inherited much of their land).
Artistic Recognition.
His portrait with his youngest daughter by Sir Henry Raeburn hangs at Fyvie Castle.