Grey Nuns Motherhouse

Grey Nuns Motherhouse, now known as the Grey Nuns Building, is a former motherhouse of the Grey Nuns located at 1190 Guy Street, in the Borough of Ville-Marie, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. It is also named Grey Nuns Hospital of Montréal (not to be confused with Grey Nuns' Hospital located south of Place d'Youville). The building was completed in 1871.
In 2007, it was bought by Concordia University and refurbished. It now serves as co-ed housing for 598 undergraduate students on the Sir George Williams Campus within the neighbourhood redevelopment project Quartier Concordia.
A crypt containing the graves of 276 nuns and other individuals is located in the basement. Among them was Mother Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, the first native-born Canadian to be declared a saint. In 2010 her remains were removed and relocated to her 1701 birthplace of Varennes, a community on the South Shore.
In 2011, it was designated one of the National Historic Sites of Canada.
History.
The building was constructed in the nineteenth century to serve as a motherhouse for the Sisters of Charity of Montreal, formerly called The Sisters of Charity of the Hôpital Général of Montreal and more commonly known as the Grey Nuns of Montreal, a Canadian religious institute of Roman Catholic religious sisters, founded in 1737 by Saint Marguerite d'Youville.
Construction.
Individuals involved in the design and construction include:
Description.
The site is rectangular, bordered by Rene Levesque Boulevard at the south, Guy Street at the east, St. Catherine Street at the north, and Saint Mathieu at the west. It is enclosed with stone walls and metal fencing. Within this area are a main, large, H-shaped building of stone construction, various smaller buildings, and grounds containing numerous trees, gardens, statues, and pathways.
The architectural style is a superb example of convent architecture of the 19th century. This is achieved by combining Neoclassical and Romanesque Revival styles.
The main building has an H-shape, is large, and of stone construction. It is 4 stories tall, with the exception of the west wing, which is 5 stories tall. Its central part is rectangular and contains a chapel with an octagonal tower and spire. The windows and dormers are regularly placed.
As a Concordia student residence.
Now called the Grey Nuns Building by Concordia University, the site has become a student residence. In 2007, it was bought by Concordia for $18 million and refurbished for $15 million. The university initially announced that it would become the faculty of fine arts, but later decided to turn the site into residences. It serves as co-ed housing for 598 undergraduate students on the Sir George Williams Campus within the neighbourhood redevelopment project Quartier Concordia. The entire site is owned by Concordia except for a basement crypt.
The main entrance that was once on St-Mathieu Street is now located on Guy Street. The renovations undertaken have made space available for 355 new beds for resident students. There is a total of nearly 600 residence beds. The chapel has become a reading room that can accommodate 230 students. There are 14 group study rooms, a daycare facility, and a cafeteria area allowing resident students the choice of preparing meals.
Crypt.
In the basement there is a crypt in which 276 people are buried, 232 of whom were Grey Nuns who had lived at the motherhouse. It is held in trust for the sisters, who are permitted to enter it. The crypt it is off limits to students and others, but can be viewed through a window in a locked door.
Originally, there were plans to transfer all of the buried remains to Île St. Bernard, a site owned by the Grey Nuns and the location of Manoir d’Youville. However, the health department of Quebec would not permit the tombs to be opened and the bodies exhumed. This was because some of the sisters buried there had died of infectious diseases.
Among the buried are the nieces and a son of Mother Marie-Marguerite d'Youville. In 2010, the remains of d'Youville were removed and transferred to her birthplace of Varennes for burial.


Kibitsu Shrine

, is a Shinto shrine in Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The Honden-Haiden is a National Treasure and the sole exemplar of the "kibitsu-zukuri" style of architecture, although the Soshidō of Hokekyō-ji is now believed to have been modeled thereon.
History.
"Kibitsu Shrine" was the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") of Bitchū Province.
 The enshrined "kami" is , who was the son of legendary Emperor Korei.
The shrine was one of 23 sanctuaries in the mid-range of ranked Imperial shrines or .


Streatlam Castle

Streatlam Castle was a Baroque stately home located near the town of Barnard Castle in County Durham, England, that was demolished in 1959. Owned by the Bowes-Lyon family, Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne, the house was one of the family's three principal seats, alongside Glamis Castle in Forfarshire, Scotland and Gibside, near Gateshead. Streatlam incorporated some of land, along with an estate consisting of some twenty farms. The last occupant was Lord Glamis, who later became the 15th Earl, although the estate was owned by his father, the 14th Earl, at the time.
History.
The House had come to the Bowes family by the fifteenth century. For much of the nineteenth century, it was owned by John Bowes, the eldest son of the 10th Earl of Strathmore who was illegitimate under English law as his parents married after he was born (and under Scottish law as they had no Scottish domicile), but was able to inherit a life interest in the family's English wealth and properties. During his tenancy, Streatlam was described as consisting of twenty-four bedrooms, two oak drawing-rooms, the yellow drawing room, the great dining room, the billiard-room, the study and the gentlemen's room.
Following his death without issue, the estate was reunited with the Earldom in 1885. Unlike the fate of other properties which belonged to the Bowes-Lyon family, such as Gibside (which lay within a major coalfield near Gateshead and so was considered spoilt by pollution from the surrounding coal mines),
Streatlam sat amid the beautiful countryside of the Durham Dales.
Decline and demolition.
The last occupier was Lord Glamis, heir to the Earldom, who had been living there since at least 1915. The Earl of Strathmore was determined to sell off the house and the land, however, and the bulk of the estate was sold to private tenants, with the remainder fetching £100,000 at auction.
Lord Glamis moved to a substantial farm near East Grinstead, where he resided until he succeeded his father as Earl of Strathmore in 1944.
Some see it as little surprise that the Earl of Strathmore chose Glamis Castle over Streatlam, the house being considered architecturally "awkward and unsatisfactory" (as was claimed in Country Life Magazine in 1915). Also, as the aristocratic titles of the last owner and occupant would suggest, Streatlam was less important in historical terms. Another possible reason is that, for much of the nineteenth century, the Scottish and English estates had been split, with Streatlam and Gibside owned by John Bowes and his wife, which meant that the Scottish branch of the Bowes-Lyon family, namely the Earls of Strathmore, had not been in ownership or residence at Streatlam for from 1820 to 1885, thereby becoming more focused on their Scottish estates. The English estates only reverted to the Earl and his descendants when John Bowes died without issue, leaving his fortune to his first cousin once removed, the 13th Earl, in 1885.
Although there was no pressing financial need to sell at the time, with the family still earning a substantial income from the estate's coal mining holdings, in the end the house was simply considered superfluous. The Earl also owned Wemmergill in County Durham, St Paul's Walden Bury in Hertfordshire and the Gibside estate in Gateshead. It was also a time when many aristocratic families were seeking to cut back on ostentatious displays of wealth following the destruction of the nobility in the Russian Revolution, plus there was a shortage of domestic servants following the First World War.
Lady Strathmore, though ill at the time, hurried down to Streatlam to rescue as many items as possible, many of which were taken to Glamis Castle. The armorial ceilings, installed at Streatlam by John Bowes, were moved to the Bowes Museum, which he had established.
After World War II, many country houses were being demolished. Finally in 1959 the shell was blown up as a training exercise by the Territorial Army. Today only Streatlam Park and its entrance lodges (shown above) remain.
An exhibition on the history of Streatlam Castle opened at the Bowes Museum in November 2017, and then moved to Glamis Castle in March 2018. It included paintings previously displayed at the property, and scale models of the castle and the estate.


A List

A List is a play by American writer Gertrude Stein, written in 1923 and first published in "Operas and Plays" in 1932. It is structured in six parts, each labeled as a numbered or alphabetized "List," and has seven characters: Martha, Maryas, Marius, Mabel, Mary, Martin, and May. There are no explicit stage directions, but names in the side text are frequently joined with an ampersand or the word "and." Stein said that the play was based on Avery Hopwood's play "Our Little Wife" (1916).
Synopsis.
The play does not contain an easily discernible plot. However, pairings of characters and the accumulation of new characters suggest strained relationships between Martha and Maryas and between Mabel and Marius, and later a furtive relationship between Maryras and Mary. The language of marriage and separation, and of knowledge and travel, is frequently invoked. Many allusions, including those to mountains, cows, and baskets, tie "A List" to other works by Stein, as do techniques of punning, repetition, and listing.
Analysis.
"A List" is considered to fall under the category of Stein's landscape plays. In her lecture "Plays," Stein excerpts the play following an explanation of syncopated emotions:
I felt that if a play was exactly like a landscape then there would be no difficulty about the emotion of the person looking on at the play being behind or ahead of the play because the landscape does not have to make acquaintance. You may have to make acquaintance with it, but it does not with you, it is there and so the play being written the relation between you at any time is so exactly that that it is of no importance unless you look at it.
Astrid Lorange analyzes Stein's landscape label as "a moment of performative definition, from which a particular kind of attention emerges: an attention to the relation of objects and events in a space of time." Jane Palatini Bowers modifies the concept to further emphasize the topographical dimension. In her analysis of "A List", she focuses on Stein's spatial play of language on the page itself, calling it a "lang-scape".
Stein's strategies in the play include what Daniela Miranda identify as those she uses throughout her oeuvre "to construct the continuous present—recreation, using everything, insistence, and beginning again and again" and that "ultimately lead to a destabilization of normative time by denying the reader the possibility of closure, progress, and intelligibility." Miranda's account extends the presentation of queerness from the content of the play to its structure as well.
Performance history.
Student theatre company Cap & Bells mounted "A List" at Williams College in December 2016.
No performances are listed in the appendices of Sarah Bay-Cheng's "Mama Dada".
Radio Free Stein workshopped the play in Amsterdam on August 12, 2017.
Muhlenberg College Dept of Theater & Dance produced "A List" in April 2021, directed by James Peck and featuring Molly Menner as Martha and Savannah Connelly as Maryas.


Fredericksburg Memorial Library

The Pioneer Memorial Library is located at 115 W. Main Street, Fredericksburg, Gillespie County, in the U.S. state of Texas. Designed by Alfred Giles, it was built in 1882 to replace the original 1855 courthouse, and was later superseded by the current 1939 courthouse designed by Edward Stein.
The first floor houses the Children's Section, while the second floor houses the Adult Section, Texas Room, and newspapers and magazines. It is also called the McDermott Building because of the 1967 and 1984 restorations funded by Mr. & Mrs. Eugene McDermott. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1967.
Construction.
The native limestone structure was designed in 1882 by architect Alfred Giles in the Romanesque Revival style. Giles also designed the Brooks County Courthouse, Live Oak County Courthouse, Presidio County Courthouse, Webb County Courthouse and Wilson County Courthouse, as well as courthouses in the counties of Goliad and Kerr. In 1909, Giles designed the facade of the Kendall County Courthouse. He also designed the 1885 Llano County courthouse, which burned down in 1892. On November 28, 1881. Giles was commissioned for $1,000 by the Gillespie County Commissioners. Built of local limestone, the Dietz Quarries supplied the limestone for the main structure, while John Dechert Quarries of Luckenbach supplied the limestone for the trim. Building contractors John Heinen & James A. Courtney erected the structure at a cost of $23,000.
Restoration.
When a new courthouse was built in 1939, the old building served a variety of uses, until its state of disrepair forced it to be condemned in 1963. The building was restored in 1967 as a home for the library, a gift from Texas Instruments founder and Dallas philanthropists Mr. & Mrs. Eugene McDermott. Eugene McDermott died in 1973. A second renovation of the library occurred in 1984 with matching funds from Mrs. McDermott and the community.


Hangar 9, Brooks Air Force Base

Hangar 9 is a historic aircraft hangar at Brooks City-Base, the former Brooks Air Force Base, in San Antonio, Texas. Built in 1918, it is the oldest U.S. Air Force aircraft storage and repair facility, and the only surviving hangar from World War I. The building, now rehabilitated as a special event facility, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976.
Description and history.
Hangar 9 stands at the northern corner of Inner Circle Road and Challenger Drive on the grounds of the former Brooks Air Force Base. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with a broad gambrel roof supported by massive wooden trusses. The exterior is finished with vertical board siding, its long sides dotted with windows. The north and south facades each have four rail-mounted sliding doors, which originally provided access for the movement of aircraft into and out of the building. The interior is essentially unfinished, with wall studs and roof trusses exposed.
Hangar 9 was one of sixteen similar wood structures built at Brooks Field early in 1918. By the 1960s, only Hangar 9 remained. When, in the 1960s the Air Force proposed Hangar 9's demolition, the Bexar County Historical Society was given permission to restore the building. The building was dedicated as the Edward H. White II Aviation Museum in 1968. The museum, then known as the Edward H. White II Museum of Aerospace Medicine, closed in 2011 with the closing of the base. As part of the base's redevelopment as the mixed-use Brooks City-Base community, it has been restored for use as an events venue, hosting weddings as well as corporate and other events.


Akishino-dera

 is a Buddhist temple in Nara, Japan. Founded in the eighth century, its Kamakura-period Hondō is a National Treasure.
History.
The "Shoku Nihongi" of 797 places the origins of the temple in Hōki 11 (780), while the of 1139 ascribes it to the vows of Emperor Kōnin and Emperor Kammu and names its founder as , younger brother of Emperor Shōmu. The of 1441 dates its foundation instead to 776. Excavated Nara-period tiles corroborate an eighth-century foundation date. Like other major temples of the period, Akishino-dera had two pagodas, as well as a Kondō. According to the "Legends", a fire in June 1135 destroyed most of the temple. Two hundred and fifty-five ofuda, dating from 1327 to 1524, cast light on later years.
Buildings.
The five by four bay National Treasure Hondō, with a raised platform, earthen floor, tiled hipped roof, and slightly narrower intercolumniation at each end, epitomises the Wayō style. Built on the site of the former lecture hall, it is a Kamakura-period rebuild in somewhat archaizing style. Inside, a raised altar platform is backed by an internal wall that spans three bays. The Hondō was dismantled for repair and reconstruction in 1899.
Treasures.
Statues designated Important Cultural Properties include a Yakushi Triad, (traditional identification), Taishakuten, and Jizō Bosatsu, in the Hondō; in the Daigendō; Bonten, Kudatsu Bosatsu (traditional identification), and hollow dry-lacquer fragments, kept at Nara National Museum; Jizō Bosatsu, kept at Kyoto National Museum; and Jūichimen Kannon, kept at Tokyo National Museum. The dry-lacquer heads of Gigeiten and Bonten, along with the heads of Kudatsu Bosatsu and Taishakuten, date from the Nara period and are joined to bodies of the Kamakura period; the hollow dry-lacquer fragments similarly date from the Nara period, while the images flanking the Yakushi, along with the two Jizō and Jūichimen Kannon, are from the Heian period, Daigensui Myōō is from the Kamakura period, and the Yakushi dates from the Muromachi period. Other treasures include a set of five standing ; a dating to Shōan 3 (1301) that has been designated a Prefectural Cultural Property; and a painting of Daigensui Myōō dating from the Nanboku-chō period and seven Muromachi-period fragments of ema with images of horses, designated Municipal Cultural Properties.


Royal family order

A royal family order is a decoration conferred by the head of a royal family to their female relations. Such an order is considered more of a personal memento than a state decoration, although it may be worn during official state occasions.
The tradition is practiced in the royal families of the United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Thailand and Tonga.
Insignia.
The badge of a royal family order consists of a portrait of the sovereign set in diamonds, which is suspended from a ribbon. In the United Kingdom, the colour of the ribbon changes with each reign, the only kingdom that has this trait. On the back of the portrait frame is an engraving with the sovereign's monogram. A hidden pin attaches it to the wearer's clothes.
Sweden.
"Kungens miniatyrporträtt" (literally the "King's miniature portrait") is a royal decoration unofficially given to female members of the Swedish royal family. It is similar to the family orders of other European monarchies, although the Swedish royal court refers to it as "The King's portrait".
History.
The earliest known Swedish Decoration is that of King Oscar II. At that time, Decorations did not have to be attached to the Seraphim blue ribbon that is the case today. As there are no earlier records of royal family decorations in Sweden, it might be assumed that the decorations were not introduced in Sweden until the reign of Oscar II. Queen Sophia started "Sophiahemmet", a Red Cross nurse training program. At the graduation of the nurses, she presented a miniature portrait of the king on a white ribbon with a red cross. On the back was DSF inscribed in gold enamel on blue background. In the 1900s Gustav V and his wife Victoria made a special form of the order with both of them in the portrait as a gift to their friend Countess Anna Brahe (born Anna Nordenfalk) when she visited them. Currently recipients of the order wear it as part of their formal dress, often when their male counterparts wear medals.
Appearance.
The decoration currently consists of an oval portrait of King Carl XVI Gustaf half length. There are different versions of the portrait of the King, where he is dressed in admiral's uniform or simply formal wear with either the Seraphim band or chain. The portrait is framed by brilliant-cut diamonds and a brilliant bow at the portrait above page. The portrait is attached to a bow in Seraphim light blue ribbon and is held to the person's attire with a pin that is not seen. Different designs of the frame exist: some are more decorated than others.
Denmark.
After the banishment of the adulterous Queen Caroline Mathilde on 17 January 1772 the Royal Danish Court needed a new decoration to replace the Order of Matilde. King Christian VII of Denmark founded this order on 21 October 1774 as a new decoration that was solely meant for the Danish Royal Family. It was awarded to gentlemen and ladies. The men wore the insignia detached from a ribbon on the left side of the breast. The ladies wore the same insignia on a bow of the same ribbon on their left shoulder.
After the death of Queen-Dowager Juliana Maria in 1796 the order fell into disuse.
In 1912 when King Christian X ascended to the throne this order was restored keeping to the present time.
United Kingdom.
The first Royal Family Order was issued during and after the regency of King George IV of the United Kingdom. Prior to 1820, he started the practice of presenting the badge of the order to ladies and gentlemen of the Court, particularly female members of the Royal family. An ornate frame of diamond oak leaves and acorns surrounded his portrait, suspended from a white silk bow which varied for men and women. As a girl, Princess Alexandrina of Kent (later Queen Victoria) received this badge from her uncle.


Seongjusa

Historic site of Seongjusa temple(in Hangul:성주사지, in Hanja:聖住寺址) is no.307 South Korean historic site in Boryeong City, South Chungcheong Province built in Baekje era. According to Samguksagi, The temple was said to be built by King Beop of Baekje around 600 and played critical role as Nine mountain schools during North South States Period in Silla. but whole structures were arsoned during Japanese invasion of Korea in late 16th century. However, Stele accompanying pagoda of Buddhist priest Nanghyehwasang still remains including pieces of Buddhist statue of Baekje and several roof tiles in the era of Unified Silla. The stele is registered as the national treasure of South Korea in the present time. The pagoda cherished the most fabulous architectural style with magnificent scale during Unified Silla.
The temple gained its historical fame given that the relics around all the era have been found until now from 7th century to Joseon Dynasty, which enables researchers the difference of designs of roof tiles and statue of Buddhism. The site itself was designated as historic relic with 1 national treasures, 2 treasure-level pagodas. From the excavation project, the site of original place was uncovered. For example, northwestern part of the site appeared to have had the pavilion including remaining monument.


Rechter

Rechter () is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:


3M bookshelf game series

The 3M bookshelf game series is a set of classic and original strategy and economic games published in the 1960s and early 1970s by 3M Corporation. The games were packaged in leatherette-look large hardback book size boxes in contrast to the prevalent wide flat game boxes. The series grew to encompass almost three dozen games. Most were multi-player board games or card games; a few were trivia games or 2-handed board games. 'Acquire' and 'TwixT' were among the best known and most popular titles. The series later became part of the Avalon Hill Bookcase games. Very few of these games are still being published.
Description.
These games were marketed towards adults and were designed to fit onto a standard bookshelf. Each game fit into a slip cover that was made to resemble the spine of a hardcover book. 3M's catalog described them as follows: "bookcase games, packaged in attractive leather-like slipcases, make a handsome set of volumes for any bookshelf." The line consisted of republished classics such as Go, Chess and Backgammon as well as original games. The Bookshelf games were originally in large boxes (8.5"x12"x2.25"); later, a series in smaller boxes called "gamettes" was introduced. (The early ones were packaged in a different shape box called a "butterbox".)
3M also published two other series of games in the same time frame: the Sports series (1966) and the Paper games series (1974). These were not in the bookshelf packaging format.
Acquire, TwixT and Sleuth were inducted into "Games Magazine"'s Hall of Fame in the mid-1980s, though Sleuth was later dropped (1991) due to lack of current production.
In 1962, 3M commissioned game designers Alex Randolph and Sid Sackson to design the early games and they were largely responsible for shaping the direction of the line towards abstract strategy and economic games. Randolph eventually produced TwixT, Oh-Wah-Ree, Breakthru, Evade, Jati and Mad Mate. Sackson contributed Acquire, Bazaar, Monad, Executive Decision, Sleuth, and Venture. 3M thereafter relied extensively on freelance designers for the later bookshelf games. Between 400 and 600 submissions were received every year by the company. These were screened to find unique and interesting games that were connected to any recent trends or fads.
The games were produced by 3M from 1962 to 1975, under the complete company name, The Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company. (This is printed in each box and on the instructions and some paper game pieces.) Only a small number of the games (about 10) were significant commercial successes.
By the middle 1970s, gaming trends had shifted to pen and paper role playing games and the 3M game division was suffering losses. In 1976, the entire line was sold to Avalon Hill, which produced a competing line of bookcase games. Avalon Hill discontinued most of them, but continued to publish some until 1998, when it was sold by its parent company to Hasbro. While Acquire was mildly re-themed and published by Hasbro/Avalon Hill in 2000, the company has indicated that they have no plans to publish any of the 3M or Avalon Hill bookshelf games.
Since 2008, Acquire has been published by a Hasbro subsidiary, Wizards of the Coast. TwixT is still published by a German company under license.
A few of the games that were not acquired by Hasbro, such as Facts in Five and Executive Decision have since been published by University Games in a bookshelf format. Like the 3M series, they are designed to mimic the appearance of a large hardcover book, but instead of a slip-case, the games use a magnetic closing flap.
This theme was later echoed in the Hasbro/Parker Brothers Vintage Game Collection games circa 2005 in hardback book design wooden boxes sold through Target stores (a different set of games than those in the 3M series).
List of games.
The bookshelf games series included the following games, as well as 2 unpublished games: Options and a chess variant called Mad Mate:
Bookshelf series
Gamette series
Notes:
1. Foil and High Bid were both full size bookshelf games and gamette games.
2. if game was recognizable derivative of classic game, name of classic game is in brackets
3. games with "boards" not essential for play are classified as card games or trivia games
Contigo.
Contigo is an abstract strategy board game for 4 players related to both mancala and checkers. It was designed by Frank Thibault, a freelance game designer, and published in 1974. The game takes approximately 45 minutes to play and is suggested for ages 12 and up. It is played by four players according to the original rules, but can still be played with only two. "Contigo" has a 6x6 board that is surrounded by pits, much like the ones in the game "Mancala". Pebbles are transferred from pit to pit. The number of pebbles in a row/ column/ diagonal's pits controls how the pawns on the board move.
There are two sets of rules used to play "Contigo". In the first supplied set, players try to be the first to align four of their pawns in any six space row. The row can be created either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, without opposing pawns between them. In the more advanced set of rules, "Contigo" becomes a capture game. In this set, the players try to capture their opponents' key pawns.


Satyricon (nightclub)

Satyricon was a nightclub in the Old Town neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States that operated from 1984 to 2010. It was the longest-running punk venue in the western United States, and has been referred to by some journalists and historians as the "CBGB of the West Coast." It is also the place where Courtney Love was said to have met Kurt Cobain, who would later become her husband.
Located in a building that had served as a horse stable in the early 1900s, the club's owner, George Touhouliotis, founded Satyricon after acquiring a tavern that had operated in the building. Touhouliotis reshaped the tavern into a nightclub, and named it after the 1969 Federico Fellini film of the same name. Satyricon became a prominent music venue in the city, and hosted various local and touring punk and alternative rock bands throughout the 1980s and 1990s.
In May 2003, the club abruptly closed, after which it was acquired by new owners and reopened as an all-ages venue in 2006. It officially closed in November 2010, and the building in which it was located was demolished in July 2011. The club was the subject of a 2013 documentary titled "Satyricon: Madness and Glory".
History.
Background.
The Satyricon, located at 125 N.W. Sixth Avenue, was formerly Marlena's Tavern, "a dark, narrow barroom on a seedy stretch." Prior to its establishment as a bar and restaurant, the building had served as a horse stable in the early 20th century before being converted into a tavern.
Satyricon was founded by George Touhouliotis, a former taxi driver who acquired Marlena's Tavern in 1983. Upon taking ownership, Touhouliotis re-conceived the location as a nightclub that would offer live music. He named the club Satyricon after the 1969 Federico Fellini film of the same name. At the time, the surrounding Old Town Chinatown neighborhood had a seedy and dangerous reputation. The block was characterized as Portland's skid row, "a real shithole of a neighborhood" with "open drug dealing, fights, knives, [and] guns." Local historian SP Clarke recalled that "A mere attempt to walk the sidewalks ... required a helmet and full body armor."
Early years and heyday.
1980s.
Satyricon opened in March 1984, and attracted a wide array of musical groups, as the club's booking agent made "no stylistic or hierarchical" distinction among the musical acts. Local punk bands the Wipers and Poison Idea became notable regular acts at the club, as well as various underground musicians. According to public documents regarding the business's liquor control license, Satyricon opened at 8 p.m. each night, and offered "live music and dancing" from 10 p.m. until around 2:30 a.m. Additionally, the club hosted open mic nights, poetry readings, and performance art exhibitions.
On September 20, 1985, Satyricon began offering food, which included a souvlaki take-out window called Eat or Die. By 1985, the club was selling around $7,000 of alcoholic beverages per month, and around $3,000 in food, with 20% of all food orders occurring through the take-out window. Owner Touhoulitis petitioned for the Oregon Liquor Control Commission (OLCC) to allow for relaxations on allowing minors into the club's bandstand area between March 1984 and July 1985, but multiple incidents in which minors infiltrated the bar led the OLCC to determine that "the premises [are] not suitable for increased access by minors." This largely had to do with the club's layout, which maintained little division between the bandstand and the bar. The interior of the building was described by journalists as such:
In the mid-1980s, the club was frequented by local residents such as poet Walt Curtis and Courtney Love, the latter of whom met friend and bandmate Kat Bjelland there in 1984 through The Miracle Workers' frontman Gerry Mohr. The club is also notable for being the place where Love first crossed paths with her future husband, Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain. In a 2010 interview, she claimed she met Cobain there in 1988 at a Dharma Bums concert where she was reading spoken word poetry, although other accounts state that the two met in January 1989 or 1990 when Nirvana was playing at the club, and that they playfully wrestled in front of a jukebox that night. Mark Arm of Mudhoney would later claim the story to be apocryphal, and that two in fact met while Mudhoney was touring with Love's band Hole in Europe in 1991. In a 2015 interview, Love clarified: "It was at the Satyricon ... I sometimes lie and say which bands were playing but I actually don't remember. But Nirvana was obviously playing. He was cute, he was attractive, and he was funny ... Everyone always writes that the song that was playing [on the jukebox] was Living Colour, but that wasn't it. It was "Dear Friend" by Flying Color.
Commenting on the various stories and lore surrounding the club, journalist Zach Dundas wrote: "The written record of the club's existencewhich can amount to no more than 1 percent of the Whole Truthis a florid tale of excess, controversy, creative chaos. And, yes, artistic greatness."
1990s.
In 1990, a benefit LP record was put out for the club called "Satyricon ... the Album". It included tracks from local punk acts such as Poison Idea, Dharma Bums and Napalm Beach. Beginning in the early 1990s, Satyricon became a frequent host to grunge bands, including Nirvana, Soundgarden, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, among others. In 1993, Satyricon opened its own restaurant called "Fellini", a nod to the club's namesake.
Dave Grohl played his first show with his post-Nirvana outfit Foo Fighters (after Cobain's suicide) at Satyricon. Other events, besides notable concerts, include a number of incidents involving notable people (including Courtney Love passing out) and a police riot in 1990.
Renovation and closure.
In May 2003, Satyricon abruptly closed and was slated to be taken over by the owners of another (former) club in town, Moody's. It reopened as an all-ages club in August 2006 under the management of the owners of the Loveland, an all-ages venue in Portland. Mild renovations were undertaken, though a review of the club upon its reopening noted: "The club looks the same ... eerily so. Same bar stools, same black paint. At the same time, it looks unfinished, like someone decided to remodel, ripped up a few boards and then totally slacked off."
In October 2010, Ben Munat, the Satyricon's booking agent, organized thirteen "Farewell Satyricon Shows" for that month. Bands included Big Daddy Meat Straw, the Dandy Warhols (with original drummer Eric Hedford, playing songs from first two albums with some original guitars), Pond, Poison Idea, and Napalm Beach, with the final concert taking place on October 31, 2010. Commenting on the club's closure, owner Touhouliotis said: "I had gotten tired. A place like that runs on creativity and energy; it's not automatic. And by the late '90s, the turn of the millennium, my energy wasn't there."
Demolition and aftermath.
Demolition of the building began in July 2011, after which many pieces of furniture, memorabilia, and parts of the building were "unceremoniously given away to anyone interested." The urinal trough in the men's restroom was reportedly acquired by a tulip farm in Gresham. The marquee above the club's entrance was believed to have been either stolen or destroyed in the demolition process, as it remained unaccounted for. In 2017, Courtney Taylor-Taylor, frontman of the Dandy Warhols, reported that he had found the marquee, which he had installed at The Old Portland, a wine bar he opened in 2016. The location of the original building is now home to the nonprofit MacDonald Center service center and studio apartments to serve low-income residents.
In popular culture.
The club was used as a filming location for Gus Van Sant's 1985 film, "Mala Noche". In 2013, after its demolition, a documentary about the club, "Satyricon: Madness and Glory", was released.
Notable bands.
The following are documented bands that notably performed at Satyricon:


Boston Cooking School

The Boston Cooking School was founded in 1879 by the Woman's Educational Association of Boston "to offer instruction in cooking to those who wished to earn their livelihood as cooks, or who would make practical use of such information in their families." The school became world famous following the 1896 publication of The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book by its principal at the time, Fannie Merritt Farmer.
The idea for the school was first proposed by Association member Mrs. Sarah E. Hooper, who had observed the teaching of cookery at London's National School of Cookery, while passing through that city on her return from an extended trip to Australia. She persuaded the Association to authorize $100 to launch a similar school in Boston; The Boston Cooking School opened on March 10, 1879 at 158½ Tremont Street.
The first teacher was Miss Joanna Sweeney (about whom little is now known), who was engaged to teach the "normal classes" in basic cooking. Tuition was purposefully kept low: $1.50 for six lessons. To cater to upper class women (and their cooks), Maria Parloa was engaged to give lecture / demonstrations of more advanced cookery on alternate Saturdays. Mary Johnson Bailey Lincoln (Mrs. David A.) was invited to teach at the school in November, 1879; she later became the school's first principal.
Following its successful start, the school was incorporated in 1883 as the Boston Cooking School Corporation; its first president was Mrs. Hooper.
In 1884, Roberts Brothers of Boston published "Mrs. Lincoln's Boston Cook Book: What to Do and What Not to Do in Cooking." According to Lincoln, "This was done primarily to meet the need of a textbook for our pupils and save the copying of recipes."
During Mary Lincoln's tenure, the Boston Cooking School instituted a number of special programs. In 1880, the School joined forces with the Industrial Aid Society to offer free cooking classes in Boston's primarily-immigrant North End. Special courses on nutrition were organized for students at the Harvard Medical School; classes on "sick-room cookery" were offered to nurses from several hospitals in Boston, as well as Concord, NH.
Special lectures were given from time to time on topics ranging from anatomy and digestion by noted Boston physicians, to marketing "by those experienced in that work." Most noteworthy were lectures on the subject of food chemistry by Ellen H. Richards, the first woman to earn a degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the first woman in America to earn a degree in chemistry. Richards later became a leader in the founding of the Home Economics movement in the United States.
Mrs. Lincoln served as principal until January, 1885, when a death in her family necessitated her resignation. Subsequent principals included Miss Ida Maynard, and Mrs. Carrie M. Dearborn, both graduates of the school.
In 1889, Miss Fannie Merritt Farmer was invited to remain after her own graduation to serve as assistant principal to Mrs. Dearborn; she became principal following Mrs. Dearborn's death in 1891. Five years later, the first edition of Farmer's Boston Cooking-School Cook Book was published by Little, Brown & Co. of Boston. The book quickly became an American classic, and is still in print today.
Fannie Farmer left the Boston Cooking School in 1902, and subsequently opened Miss Farmer's School of Cookery, located in Huntington Chambers, 30 Huntington Avenue, Boston.
In 1902, the Boston Cooking School became part of Boston's Simmons College.
After Fannie Farmer's death in 1915 at the age of 57, her own school continued under the directorship of Alice Bradley until the mid-1940s.


Metagenes

Metagenes () was a man in ancient Crete, son of the Cretan architect Chersiphron, and was also an architect.
He was co-architect, along with his father, of the construction of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
The architect's name is recalled in Vitruvius's "De architectura".


Becoming Bond

Becoming Bond is an 2017 American documentary drama film that premiered on Hulu on May 20, 2017. Directed, written and produced by Josh Greenbaum, it explores the early life and casting of Australian model George Lazenby as James Bond in the film "On Her Majesty's Secret Service", his eventual decision to leave the role, and the effect it all had on his career and the rest of his life. The film employs the use of re-enacted dramatizations of Lazenby's life interspersed with actual interview footage of him.
Plot.
The story itself is told through an interview with Lazenby, with cutscenes to reenactments where actors lip-synch to or voiceover Lazenby's dialogue. Lazenby describes his birth as an at-risk infant and how his humiliation at being the only student to fail in his school grade and attend graduation without receiving his certificate made an impact on him to never fail at anything again.
After getting a job as a car mechanic, he noticed that the car salesmen seemed to have a much more glamorous life, so he convinced the dealership manager to let him try his hand at sales. After failing to sell any cars, he attended a course from the popular "How to Win Friends and Influence People" symposium, where the only lesson he recalls learning is "Listen first and let the other person do the talking." Pretty soon he was successful at the job and was the key contact for embassy staff vehicle transactions, which brought him in contact with the daughter of an Australian politician. When she moved to London, he followed as a steerage passenger, hoping to win her heart. Upon his arrival, he discovered she had abandoned him in pursuit of a player on the Oxford University cricket team. Fearing he had once again failed in life, his attempts to charm her set him on a path that would land him the role as one of the smoothest leading male characters in film history: James Bond, who always gets the girl in the end.
The Bond film entitled "On Her Majesty's Secret Service" is released in December 1969 to steady acclaim, box-office record sales and sends Lazenby into the path of one of Hollywood's next stars. Unfortunately, being James Bond meant surrendering his own sense of self, and he walked away from the fame and fortune that would've come with the role after OHMSS, his one and only Bond in the franchise. Following a dwindling in his film career, Lazenby settled back in Australia, where he became a realtor, married, raised a family and led a happy and normal life.
In retrospect, Lazenby in the present day has found his peace in everything he did before and after Bond. Additionally, Lazenby was given much acclaim in modern times for his role as James Bond with "On Her Majesty's Secret Service" held in high regard and considered as one of the finest films in the franchise and the best by some.
Cast.
Reenactment cast
Reception.
"Becoming Bond" has received positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an 78% approval rating with an average rating of 6.51/10 based on 18 reviews; the critical consensus reads ""Becoming Bond" is an uproarious recreation of George Lazenby's colorful stint as Britain's greatest spy, evidencing that the gregarious Australian may be a greater raconteur than he was a 00". On Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 65 out of 100 based on 4 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


Thomas Bentley (manufacturer)

Thomas Bentley (1731–1780) was an English manufacturer of pottery, known for his partnership with Josiah Wedgwood.
Life.
He was born at Scropton, Derbyshire, on 1 January 1731. His father, Thomas Bentley, was a country gentleman of some property. After receiving his education at the neighbouring presbyterian academy at Findern, young Bentley, being then about sixteen years of age, was placed in a warehouse at Manchester to learn the processes of the woollen and cotton trades.
On the expiration of his apprenticeship he travelled for some time upon the continent, and after his return he married, in 1754, Miss Hannah Oates of Sheffield. He then settled in Liverpool, where he set up in business as a Manchester warehouseman, and afterwards took James Boardman into partnership. In 1757 he assisted in founding Warrington Academy, and in 1762 in building the Octagon Chapel in Temple Court, Liverpool, for the use of a body of Dissenters, of which he was a prominent member; they preferred a liturgy, but had scruples with regard to the use of the Athanasian Creed and other parts of the "Book of Common Prayer". The congregation of this chapel were called ‘Octagonians;’ but the life of this sect was short, and not long after Bentley's move to London the chapel was closed, and the building sold to the corporation.
In 1762 he was introduced to Josiah Wedgwood by Matthew Turner, when the former was laid up at Liverpool by an accident to his knee. The friendship was lifelong. Wedgwood made his first proposals to Bentley about to a partnership towards the close of 1766, but it was not until 14 November 1768 that the partnership actually began. In the same month Bentley took up his residence at the Brick House, Burslem. This was, however, merely a temporary residence, as he had not then given up his partnership with Boardman in Liverpool.
On 13 June 1769 part of the Etruria Works in Staffordshire was opened; but, though a house was specially built for him there, he never seems to have occupied it. In 1769 he finally left Liverpool, and after living for a short time at the warehouse in Newport Street, London, he moved to Little Cheyne Row, Chelsea, in order to be near the works which the firm had lately established there for overglaze painting.
On 22 June 1772, at All Saints, Derby, Bentley married Mary, the daughter of Mr. Stamford, an engineer of that town, his first wife having died in childbirth within two years from the date of their marriage. In 1774 he moved from Chelsea to 12 Greek Street, Soho, to superintend the works which were being carried on there by the firm. His health, however, failed, and in order to get change of air and scene he took up residence at Turnham Green in 1777. After a protracted illness he died there, 26 November 1780, at the age of forty-nine, and was buried in Chiswick church (in west London), where a monument, with a medallion portrait by Thomas Scheemakers (in his role of running his deceased father, Peter Scheemakers' company), was raised to his memory by his friend Wedgwood.
The partnership between Wedgwood and Bentley was confined to the manufacture and sale of ornamental goods. To wind up the accounts, all the ornamental ware in stock was sold by auction at Christie's: the sale lasted twelve days. Amongst his friends and associates were Benjamin Franklin, Joseph Priestley, and Joseph Banks. He wrote pamphlets, articles, and political songs, and contributed frequently to the "Monthly Review". The article on Brindley in the "Biographia Britannica" was written by him from materials obtained for him by Wedgwood and another friend. His acquaintance with art patrons of the day meant they were able to obtain loans of valuable specimens for the purposes of reproduction.
His Will, proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury on 2 January 1781 left £800 to his sister-in-law Elizabeth Oates, £200 to his business partner James Boardman, and to Josiah Wedgwood his share of the "Books of Antiquities and other Prints and printed books" that he owned jointly with Josiah. The remainder of his real and personal estate was left to his "dear and truly affectionate wife Mary" who was his sole Executrix.
References.
https://jjhc.info/bentleythomas1780


Paul Bril

Paul Bril (1554 – 7 October 1626) was a Flemish painter and printmaker principally known for his landscapes. He spent most of his active career in Rome. His Italianate landscapes had a major influence on landscape painting in Italy and Northern Europe.
Life.
Paul Bril is believed to have been born in Antwerp although his birthplace may have been Breda. He was the son of the painter Matthijs Bril the Elder. Paul and his older brother Matthijs likely started their artistic training with their father in Antwerp. Paul may also have been a student of the Antwerp painter Damiaen Wortelmans who was specialised in the decoration of harpsichords.
Matthijs moved to Rome probably around 1575. Here he worked on several frescoes in the Vatican Palace. It is believed Paul joined his brother in Rome around or after 1582.
When Matthijs died in 1583, his brother likely continued his work, picking up many of Matthijs' commissions. Paul's earliest known works date from the late 1580s. He established his reputation with commissions from Pope Gregory XIII in the Collegio Romano. His success was assured after Pope Sixtus V became his principal patron. Bril was part of a team specialized in landscape painting and thus participated in almost every assignment which entailed decorative landscapes, such as in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, the Vatican Palace and the Scala Santa. Another important early commission was the fresco cycle in the Santa Cecilia in Trastevere in Rome of around 1599.
Pope Clement VIII also became his patron and gave the artist a commission for a monumental seascape on the Martyrdom of St. Clement. Paul Bril completed this commission in the Vatican Palace’s Sala Clementina in collaboration with the brothers Giovanni and Cherubino Alberti (1600–02/3). In 1601 Paul received another major commission, to paint a series of large canvases featuring properties of the Mattei family. Paul further painted landscape frescoes in the Casino dell'Aurora of the Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi in Rome.
His patrons were among the most influential people in Rome and included members from the Colonna, Borghese, Mattei and Barberini families in Rome as well as Cardinal Federico Borromeo in Milan, Cardinal Carlo de’ Medici in Florence and Duke Ferdinando Gonzaga in Mantua.
In 1621, Paul Bril became director of the Accademia di San Luca, the artists' academy in Rome. This was a clear sign of the high esteem in which he was held by his fellow artists in Rome as he was the first foreigner to hold this position.
He had many students including his son Cyriacus Bril, Luigi Carboni, Balthasar Lauwers, Willem van Nieulandt II, Pieter Spierinckx, Agostino Tassi and Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom. Karel Philips Spierincks may also briefly have been his pupil.
Paul Bril died in Rome in 1626.
Work.
Paul Bril initially painted in the late Mannerist style developed by his brother. These early landscapes are in the Flemish tradition inaugurated by Joachim Patinir and Pieter Bruegel the Elder and further developed by his own brother. Works from this early period were characterised by a picturesque arrangement of landscape elements and violent contrasts between light and dark. These early paintings also show strong contrasts of forms to create a sense of dramatic motion. Bril contrasted steep cliffs with chasms or dark, twisting trees growing from hills next to flat, sunlit pastures.
His style changed during his stay in Rome. His compositions became calmer and his style more classicising around 1605. This may have been due to the influence of Annibale Carracci and Adam Elsheimer. The works from this period have lower horizons and less abrupt transitions from foreground to background. The subjects are typically pastoral or bucolic scenes and mythological subjects. This late style had a strong influence on the development of Flemish landscape painting and was crucial to Claude Lorrain's formation of the classical landscape.
Agostino Tassi may have been Paul's pupil. Tassi later became the master of Claude Lorrain. Paul Bril thus forms one of the links between the panoramic views of Joachim Patinir and the ideal landscape evolved by Nicolas Poussin and Claude Lorrain. Bril is considered a precursor of the Dutch Italianates such as Cornelius van Poelenburgh and Bartholomeus Breenbergh, and, to a certain extent, of the Flemish and Dutch genre painters active in Rome known as the Bamboccianti.
Paul also painted small cabinet paintings on copper and panel commencing from the 1590s. Some of these he signed with a pair of glasses, a pun on the Flemish word "bril" which means "glasses". These small-scale paintings depicted subjects that he and his brother had rendered before on a large scale, such as tempestuous seascapes, hermits in the wilderness, travelling pilgrims, peasants among ancient ruins, hunters and fishermen.
A prolific draftsman, his drawings were popular with collectors and were copied by the many students who worked with him in his studio, which was a popular destination for Dutch and Flemish artists visiting Rome.
He often collaborated on paintings with Johann Rottenhammer. According to a dealer's letter of 1617, Rottenhammer painted the figures in Venice and then sent the plates to Rome for Bril to complete the landscape. Bril also collaborated with his friends Jan Brueghel the Elder and Adam Elsheimer, whom he both influenced and was influenced by. His collaboration with Elsheimer is shown in a painting now in Chatsworth House. Bril introduced Jan Brueghel the Elder to Cardinal Federico Borromeo, who subsequently became Brueghel's most important patron. He also let the Dutch landscape artist Bartholomeus Breenbergh live in his Roman residence for many years.


Aertgen van Leyden

Aertgen Claesz. van Leyden (Leiden, c. 1498 – Leiden, c. 1564), also known as Allaert or Aert van Leyden or Aert Claesz. van Leyden, was a 16th-Century Dutch painter, draughtsman and designer of stained glass. Works by this artist can be found at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, Stedelijk Museum De Lakenhal in Leiden, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid.
According to the biographer Karel van Mander (1604), Van Leyden was a son of a Leiden fuller. In 1516, he became an apprentice to the Leiden painter Cornelis Engebrechtsz. Some sources incorrectly name Aertgen van Leyden as a brother of Lucas van Leyden; in fact, Lucas van Leyden was the son of a painter, Hugo Jacobsz.
Van Leydens early work was influenced by the style of his mentor, Engebrechtsz., while his later works shows influences by Jan van Scorel and Maarten van Heemskerck, among others. Van Leyden's style was very diverse, making it difficult to attribute paintings to him with certainty. Most of this works were attributed to other artists, and only in the 20th Century were a number of paintings attributed to him, including a triptych of the Last Judgment which was recovered in Valenciennes in 1969, and a painting now in the Rijksmuseum, "The Calling of St. Anthony", which had been attributed to Lucas van Leyden until 1960.
According to the Leiden city records, Aertgen van Leyden lived and worked in Leiden from 1521 to 1564. In 1564, Aertgen van Leyden drowned in the Vollersgracht canal in Leiden.
Aertgen van Leyden's work remained in demand after his death. Rubens owned one of his paintings. The 1656 list of Rembrandt's possessions also includes several works by Aertgen van Leyden.
In 2009, Stedelijk Museum De Lakenhal in Leiden purchased a triptych by Aertgen van Leyden dating to about 1530. This work, depicting the Last Judgment, will be part of an exhibition on Lucas van Leyden which the museum will organise in 2011, together with the Rijksmuseum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.


Barkin

Barkin (; ) is a Hebrew surname, originated as the simplified form of "Bar-Kohen" () which means "son (of a) Kohen" (Israelite priest of the tribes).


Gustav Adolf Closs

Gustav Adolf Carl Closs also as Closs, A., Closs, A.G., Closz (or Closz), Adolf Gustav (6 May 1864, Stuttgart – 3 September 1938, Berlin) was a German painter, illustrator and heraldist and an entomologist.
Biography.
His father was the woodcut artist, Adolf Closs (1840–1894). His father's twin brother was the landscape painter, Gustav Paul Closs. He began his education in the public schools of Stuttgart; graduating in 1882. He then enrolled at the University of Tübingen, where he studied law. He also briefly attended the University of Freiburg. In 1886, he quit without having completed his course of study.
Having decided on a change of careers, he was admitted to the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe, where he studied with Ernst Schurth (1848–1910). After one year, he transferred to the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, and became a student of Wilhelm von Diez. Being rather conservative, he apparently declined to join the Munich Secession. While there, he began providing illustrations for local periodicals. Among his first were a set of drawings for "Der Feuerreiter" by Eduard Mörike; published in "Die Gartenlaube".
After leaving the Academy in 1891, he returned to Stuttgart, but continued providing illustrations for the popular satirical journal "Fliegende Blätter" for twenty years. In 1898, he received a prize for his trading card designs from the Stollwerck chocolate company. In 1907, he married Martha Pauline Karoline Pfaff, the daughter of a musical instrument maker, thirteen years his junior. The marriage produced no children.
Among his book illustrations are those for "Lichtenstein" by Wilhelm Hauff, "Die Sklavenkaravane" by Karl May and "Schillers Heimatjahre" by Hermann Kurz.
Despite the fact that illustrative work provided the bulk of his income, he considered himself to be primarily a painter. Among his major works were wall paintings at Schöckingen Castle in Ditzingen and Rapperswil Castle, which were commissions provided through his friendship with Friedrich von Gaisberg-Schöckingen (1857–1932). He also did work at Hellenstein Castle. Several similar works were destroyed during World War II. One of his most famous works was a scene from the life of Roland, created at the request of Kaiser Wilhelm II. He also produced some paintings for King Carol I of Romania and designed stained-glass windows, made by Franz Xaver Zettler for the Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband.
His friend, Gaisberg-Schöckingen, introduced him to the art of heraldry. From 1918 to 1934, he was a member of the "Verein für Heraldik, Genealogie und verwandte Wissenschaften zu Berlin", serving as Deputy-Chairman. He also edited the coats-of-arms for the "Genealogisches Handbuch bürgerlicher Familien". After the Nazi takeover, he was employed as a heraldic expert by the "Deutscher Gemeindetag".
Closs was a keen amateur entomologist specialising in Sphingidae.
He wrote
Two notable hawk moths described by Closs are "Xylophanes indistincta" and "Adhemarius fulvescens". His Sphingidae collection is held by the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology see list of ZSM types.


Penpan Sittitrai

Penpan Sittitrai was Thailand's most famous fruit carving artist and an author. In 2010 she received the honorary title of National Artist for her work. She wrote a book titled "The Art of Thai Vegetable and Fruit Carving".
In February 2017 Google has run a Google Doodle in her honor.


Arnot House

The Arnot House is a raised one-story house located at 306 W. Houston Street in Marshall, Texas. Built in 1848, it is one of the oldest houses in Marshall. An early Greek Revival style building, it is also described as a "classic Creole, or Louisiana raised-cottage, rendered in the Greek Revival style." It is made of wood frame on load-bearing brick basement/ground floor walls, with "Marshall Brown" brick laid in common bond. The front porch, which is covered by the house's gable roof, "is articulated with stout square columns, placing the house in the early phase of Greek Revival."
It was named after settlers Lucinda and Albert M. Arnot. Throughout its history the house has had several owners.
The house was made a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a historic marker was installed in 1962. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 27, 1979.


List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Montour County

This is a list of the Pennsylvania state historical markers in Montour County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Montour County, Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC). The locations of the historical markers, as well as the latitude and longitude coordinates as provided by the PHMC's database, are included below when available. There are five historical markers located in Montour County.


Two Cents Worth of Hope

Two Cents Worth of Hope () is a 1952 film directed by Renato Castellani. It is the third part of Castellani's "Young Love" trilogy, following "Sotto il sole di Roma" (1948) and "È primavera..."(1950).
It shared the Grand Prix prize with "Othello" at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival.
Plot.
The story concerns the romance between Carmela (Fiore) and Antonio (Musolino). The ardor is one-sided at first, but Carmela is a determined young woman, willing to scale and conquer any obstacle in pursuing her heart's desire. Once he's "hooked," Antonio scurries from job to job to prove his financial viability. Faced with the hostility of their parents, Carmela and Antonio symbolically shed themselves of all responsibilities to others in a climactic act of stark-naked bravado.


List of music theorists

This is a list of music theorists arranged in chronological order. The criteria for inclusion relies on publication or (especially with pre-15th-century theorists) dissemination of written theoretical work by western musicians, and their inclusion in published books discussing the history of music theory.
Since the categories for music theorists are not subdivided by nationality, this list is intended to provide an overview of music theorists and provide for further exploration of the field.
Martin Gerbert and Edmond de Coussemaker were the 18th and 19th century compilers of numerous medieval theoretical treatises. It appeared to be their custom to assign names to treatises where the author was unknown (thus names such as "Anonymous IV" or "Pseudo Odo"). Modern practice is to refer to the treatises themselves by their title or their opening line, rather than infer information about their authors.


Metropolitan Theatre (Winnipeg)

The Metropolitan Theatre is a Canadian theatre in downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba, designed by American architect C. Howard Crane. It is located at 281 Donald Street, across from Bell MTS Place and north of the Holy Trinity Anglican Church. It was originally known as Allen Theatre, after its owners the Allen brothers, who built a chain of cinemas throughout Canada in the early 20th century. After its acquisition by Famous Players in 1923, it was renamed the Metropolitan Theatre. It is now known as the Metropolitan Entertainment Centre or Met Entertainment Centre, or simply "The Met".
The theatre was renovated in 1948 and was shuttered in November 1987. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1991 and was sold to Canad Inns in 2006, which with other investors was to convert the building for use as a rock and roll museum. Those plans were scuttled, but by 2011 work was undertaken to renovate the building to reflect its original design. The renovated building was opened in November 2012 featuring a restaurant, lounge, and special events facilities.
Background.
The Allen family of Brantford, Ontario, consisting of brothers Jay J. Allen and Jules Allen and their father Bernard Allen, was in the midst of creating the largest cinema chain in Canada in the early 20th century.
The theatre was one of 45 in the chain owned by the brothers. Designed by C. Howard Crane, who designed all theatres in the Allen brothers chain, the neoclassical building was constructed in 1919 and named the Allen Theatre. Crane was employed by Elmer George Kichler and Associates, but opened an office in Windsor, Ontario, to attend to the numerous projects he worked on in Canada.
It was opened with a formal ceremony on 2 January 1920. The Allen's had expected to open on Christmas Day 1919, but the organ had not yet been installed and some of the interior finishes had not yet been applied. The first film it screened was "Upstairs and Down".
Structure.
The building was situated on a block on the east side of Donald Street south of Portage Avenue, which the Allen brothers had created from the purchase of smaller lots including a billiard hall, a florist, a tailor, and a Chinese merchant. It faced the Eaton's store, a mammoth eight-story structure owned by the largest employer in the city.
The auditorium had a capacity of 2,500, was topped by a plaster ceiling dome from which hung a large chandelier, and had a matching pair of staircases leading to a mezzanine. The exterior consisted of a light-brown bricks with ornamental terra cotta designs. Fluted pilasters flank the arch windows, each of which is topped by a fanlight and a terra cotta swag and is fronted by a wrought-iron faux balcony. The cornice is topped by a brick parapet and features low relief work of urns and friezes.
The original ground floor consisted of the theatre's entrance flanked by shallow, wide shops with large windows. These shops were separated by partitions that were later removed, creating one shop to the north and one to the south of the entrance. The north shop (285 Donald Street) housed a confectionery store, and the south shop (283 Donald Street) housed a series of tenants, including a blouse shop, a barber, an optician, and a music store.
In 1923, it was purchased by Famous Players, who renamed it the Metropolitan Theatre and operated it as a first-run theatre. In 1948, it was renovated, with the box office and entrance being relocated to the north end of the building, the ceiling dropped, and the candy counter expanded.
On 26 November 1987 it was closed after its final screening of "Date with an Angel", a romantic comedy film. In 2006, the city-owned CentreVenture Development Corporation sold the theatre to Canad Inns for $100,000, which intended to convert the building for use as a museum devoted to rock and roll, a venture that also involved several prominent business leaders in the city, including Leonard Asper.
Renovation.
Vacant for 25 years from its closure in 1987, the theatre was renovated "to its original incarnation as the Allen Theatre" by Canad Inns. The renovation began in 2011, with $17 million of the funding provided by Canad Inns, $1.5 million by the municipal government of Winnipeg as a heritage grant from the Heritage Investment Reserve Fund, and $1.5 million from the provincial Government of Manitoba. The provincial grant was contingent on the building being available for use by nonprofit organizations 30 days per year.
The city grant required completion of the renovations by 2013. The theatre became a central component of a new entertainment and hospitality district planned by a city agency for the redevelopment of an 11-block area of downtown Winnipeg. Despite interior water damage sustained since its closure, the "interior [was] in remarkably good condition". The renovation included construction of a structure on the south side of the building for a new kitchen, bathrooms, and elevators. The original sloped floors were replaced by tiered platforms, and heritage elements such as the front facade, main entrance, mezzanine, and mouldings were preserved, Heritage elements that had been destroyed or damaged by previous renovations were reconstructed. Other work included removal of a false canopy, brick repointing, installation of new windows and interior back-lighting.
The building was reopened to the public on 30 November 2012 at an invitation-only unveiling.
Facility.
Now named Metropolitan Entertainment Centre, it houses a restaurant, lounge, and special event facilities, and has a screen. These are used for concerts, fundraising events, film screenings, and gala dinners. It has also screened some Winnipeg Jets playoff hockey games, and hosted the team's NHL Entry Draft parties.
The restaurant employees between 20 and 30 individuals, with staffing increased to as many as 50 employees for events. It hosts dinner and movie nights, which include a buffet dinner, a movie, and popcorn. It also operates a supper club.
National Historic Site.
The theatre was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1991. It is one of four surviving theatres built by the Allen brothers in Canada, and one of three surviving Canadian buildings designed by Crane.


Ethel Grandin

Ethel Grandin (March 3, 1894 in New York City – September 28, 1988 in Woodland Hills, California) was an American silent film actress.
She was married to Ray C. Smallwood from 1912 until his death on February 23, 1964; they had a son named Arthur Smallwood (born 1913). She began her acting career on stage appearing with Joseph Jefferson in "Rip Van Winkle". She made her last film appearance in 1922. She died of natural causes at age 94.


Wadi Hammamat

Wadi Hammamat (, "Route of waves, Indian route") is a dry river bed in Egypt's Eastern Desert, about halfway between Al-Qusayr and Qena. It was a major mining region and trade route east from the Nile Valley in ancient times, and three thousand years of rock carvings and graffiti make it a major scientific and tourist site today.
Trade route.
Hammamat became the major route from Thebes to the Red Sea and then to the Silk Road that led to Asia, or to Arabia and the horn of Africa. This 200 km journey was the most direct route from the Nile to the Red Sea, as the Nile bends toward the coast at the western end of the wadi.
The Hammamat route ran from Qift (or Coptos), located just north of Luxor, to Al-Qusayr on the coast of the Red Sea. Qift was an important center for administration, religion, and commerce. The cities at both ends of the route were established by the First Dynasty, although evidence of predynastic occupation also has been found along the route.
Quarries.
In Ancient Egypt Hammamat was a major quarrying area for the Nile Valley. Quarrying expeditions to the Eastern Desert are recorded from the second millennia BCE, where the wadi has exposed Precambrian rocks of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. These include Basalts, schists, "bekhen"-stone (an especially prized green metagraywacke sandstone used for bowls, palettes, statues, and sarcophagi) and gold-containing quartz. The Narmer Palette, 3100 BC, is one of a number of early and predynastic artifacts that were carved from the distinctive stone of the Wadi Hammamat.
Pharaoh Seti I is recorded as having the first well dug to provide water in the wadi, and Senusret I sent mining expeditions there.
The site is described in the earliest-known ancient geological map, the Turin Papyrus Map.
Carvings.
Today Hammamat is famous mostly for its ancient Egyptian graffiti, as well as that, in ancient times, it was a quarry that lay on the Silk Road to Asia, and is a common destination for modern tourists. The wadi contains many carvings and inscriptions dating from before the earliest Egyptian Dynasties to the modern era, including the only painted petroglyph known from the Eastern Desert and drawings of Egyptian reed boats dated to 4000 BCE.
Common era.
Occupying groups from the Roman-Byzantine Periods to the Late Ptolemaic Period operated gold mines near the well Bir Umm el-Fawakhir. Yet, the New Kingdom of Egypt gold mines at Wadi el-Sid were on a larger scale.
A modern asphalt road, the "Wadi Hammamat road" now runs for 194 km through the wadi, making it a vital transport route, and enabling tourists to travel easily between the sites of nearby Luxor and Thebes.
Modern European description.
The first European descriptions of the Wadi Hammamat were from the Scottish traveler James Bruce in 1769, and the Russian Egyptologist Vladimir Golenishchev led the first modern study of the inscriptions in 1884–1885.
Biblical significance.
Pi-hahiroth on the eastern shore of Sinai just south of the Gulf of Aqaba, near Thebes port of Elim, is recorded in the Book of Exodus as a stop on the flight of the Jews from Egypt, suggesting that their path was through the Wadi Hammamat.
Popular culture.
In 1993, The Pogues wrote a song about it, entitled "Girl From The Wadi Hammamat" in their album "Waiting for Herb".


Thesixtyone

thesixtyone (t61) was a streaming media website that used collaborative filtering to organize, promote, and sell music uploaded by artists, many of whom are independent musicians. The site was founded by James Miao and Samuel Hsiung and received early investment from Paul Graham. It was released in alpha from January 2008 and received additional funding from Creative Commons CEO Joi Ito and Reid Hoffman, founder of LinkedIn.
The site takes its name from Highway 61, a route with deep connections to American music culture. According to the site's "bazaar" where users can purchase songs or mp3 albums uploaded by artists, "thesixtyone's guiding principle is to enable the creative middle class, providing talented artists the opportunity to make a living making music." The site also allows artists to license their music under Creative Commons licenses and allow free downloads.
On January 20, 2010, thesixtyone implemented a new design with emphasis on high resolution photography, location, and lyrics. The new layout sparked controversy among some users, leading them to direct their displeasure on the website's Facebook page. Many of the most active users prior to the redesign also quit using the site.
On January 1, 2016, thesixyone cofounder Samuel Hsiung seemingly accepted that the redesign had been a mistake in a site announcement, apologized for recent neglect and reverted to the site design before the controversial changes.
In April 2017, the site was updated with a message that thesixtyone was shutting down, and that servers would go offline at midnight on May 1, 2017.
"To our faithful listeners,""We've decided to formally shutdown thesixtyone.com -- our servers will go offline at midnight, May 1st 2017.
Artist tipping and music purchases will be functional until then, so please spend any remaining credits by month's end.
A final payment will be made to artists following the shutdown.
thesixtyone was our baby for most of our twenties. We're incredibly sorry we weren't able to keep things going in the
right direction.
2007-2017
Thank you for being a part of it.
Farewell,"
"James Miao & Samuel Hsiung"


Jajce

Jajce () is a town and municipality located in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the town has a population of 7,142 inhabitants, with 30,758 inhabitants in the municipality. It is situated in the region of Bosanska Krajina, on the crossroads between Banja Luka, Mrkonjić Grad and Donji Vakuf, on the confluence of the rivers Pliva and Vrbas.
History.
Ancient times.
Jajce Mithraeum is a temple dedicated to God of the Sun, Mithra. The god was worshiped and cult spread to other parts of Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean basin by slaves and merchants from the Orient, and by Roman soldiers who came into contact with the followers of the cult in the East. Temple is dated to the 2nd century AD and repaired sometime during the 4th century AD. This particular Mithraeum is renowned as one of the best preserved in Europe. It was discovered accidentally during the construction of private house. Temple is protected by glass walls so that visitors can see inside even without entering facility. However, for entrance and closer look visitors need to give notice of their visitation in advance by contacting the Ethnological Museum of Jajce.
The Jajce Mithraeum is declared National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosnian Kingdom.
Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić at the time of the largest power establish the town of Jajce.
Jajce was first built in the 14th century and served as the capital of the independent Kingdom of Bosnia during its time. The first references to the name of Jajce in written sources is from the year 1396, but the fortress had already existed by then. The town has gates as fortifications, as well as a castle with walls which lead to the various gates around the town. About 10–20 kilometres from Jajce lies the Komotin Castle and town area which is older but smaller than Jajce. It is believed the town of Jajce was established after Komotin was struck by Black Death.
Jajce was the residence of the last Bosnian king Stjepan Tomašević, where he was slain.
The Ottomans besieged the town and executed Tomašević, but held it only for six months. At this point it was the Hungarians who looked to seize the opportunity to hinder the Ottoman expansion in the Balkans. With the Bosnian King's death opportunity opened for Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus to try and capture Bosnia before Ottomans, which consequentially lead to Siege of Jajce and suppression of Ottoman forces advancement. This derailed Ottoman plans for nearly half of century, for which time Hungarians established the Banovina of Jajce. Before her death in 1478 Queen Catherine restored the Saint Mary's Church in Jajce, today the oldest church in town.
Ottoman period.
Skenderbeg Mihajlović besieged Jajce again in 1501, which, although siege was unsuccessful, marked approaching demise of the town and Hungarian rule in Bosnia. Mihajlović was repelled by Ivaniš Korvin, who was assisted by Zrinski, Frankopan, Karlović and Cubor. Petar Keglević in 1520 becomes Ban of Jajce.
In 1527, Jajce fell to the Ottoman rule. Under the Ottomans, town lost its strategic importance, as the border moved further North.
There are several churches and mosques built in different times during different rules, making Jajce a rather diverse town in this aspect.
Austria-Hungary period.
Jajce passed with the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the administration of Austria-Hungary in 1878. The Franciscan monastery of Saint Luke was completed in 1885.
World War II.
From 1929–41, Jajce was part of the Vrbas Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
During the Second World War, Jajce gained importance as centre of a large swath of free territory, and on 29 November 1943 it hosted the second convention of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). There, representatives from throughout Yugoslavia decided to establish a federal Yugoslavia in equality of its nations, and established that Bosnia and Herzegovina would be one of its constitutive Republics. The post-war economy of Jajce in socialist times was based on industry and tourism.
At the beginning of the Bosnian War, Jajce was inhabited by people from all ethnic groups, and was situated at a junction between areas of Serb majority to the north, Bosnian Muslim majority areas to the south-east and Croatian majority areas to the south-west.
Bosnian war.
At the end of April and the beginning of May 1992, almost all ethnic Serbs left and fled or were expelled to territory under Republika Srpska control. In the summer of 1992, the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) started heavy bombardment of the town. Jajce was defended by Croat (HVO) and Bosniak (ARBiH) forces with two separate command lines, fell to Serb forces on 29 October. Retreating forces were joined by a column of 30,000 to 40,000 civilian refugees, stretching towards Travnik, under VRS sniping and shelling. Shrader defined it as "the largest and most wretched single exodus" of the Bosnian War.
Bosniak refugees re-settled in Central Bosnia, while Croats moved either to Croatia or closer to the Croatian border due to rising tensions. By November 1992 the pre-war population of Jajce had shrunk from 45,000 to just several thousand.
In the following weeks, all mosques and Catholic churches in Jajce were demolished as retribution for the HVO's destruction of the town's only Serbian Orthodox monastery on 10–11 October. The VRS converted the town's Franciscan monastery into a prison and its archives, museum collections and artworks were looted; the monastery church was completely destroyed. By 1992, all religious buildings in Jajce had been destroyed, save for two mosques whose perilous positioning on a hilltop had made them unsuitable for demolition.
Jajce was recaptured together with Bosanski Petrovac in mid-September 1995 during Operation Mistral 2 by the Croatian Defence Council (HVO), after VRS forces had evacuated the Serb population. Jajce became part of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Agreement. Returning Bosniaks were at start blocked by a mob of Croats in early August 1996, which according to US diplomat Robert Gelbard was personally directed by convicted Bosnian Croat war criminal Dario Kordić. Bosniak refugees could return peacefully only few weeks after, being followed by many more. Dario Kordić surrendered and was flown to the Hague following political pressure on Zagreb, particularly by the United States.
A significant number of Serb refugees settled in Brčko while the rest settled in Mrkonjić Grad, Šipovo, and Banja Luka.
Economy and tourism.
The economy of the Jajce municipality is nowadays weak. UNESCO, with a Swedish organisation "Kulturarv utan gränser" (), initiated project of renovation of the historical core of the town. The main project of the company was to renovate an old traditional houses which symbolize the panoramic view of the town with the waterfall. As of 2006, most of the houses were rebuilt.<br>
The old Jajce walled city core, including the waterfall, and other individual sites outside the walled city perimeter, such as the Jajce Mithraeum, is designated as "The natural and architectural ensemble of Jajce" and proposed for inscription into the UNESCO's World Heritage site list. The bid for inscription is currently placed on the UNESCO Tentative list.
Tourism.
Jajce was a popular tourist destination in Yugoslav times, mostly due to the historical importance of the AVNOJ session. Tourism has restarted, and its numbers (20-55,000 tourists in 2012-2013) are relevant in relation with the municipality's population (25,000). Tourists from across former Yugoslavia still make up most of tourism in Jajce, but middle-eastern tourists have also increased since the early 2000s; organised school trips also are a significant portion of touristic influx. Spring and autumn are the main tourist seasons.
The town is famous for its beautiful high waterfall where the Pliva River meets the river Vrbas. It was damaged during the Bosnian War, by high waters and severe flooding, as the area of Jajce-1 Hydroelectric Power Station intake was at the battlefront and out of service, sudden rise in water-level and discharge created tidal wave which damaged travertine body of the waterfall.
Jajce is situated in the mountains, there is a beautiful countryside near the town, rivers such as the Vrbas and Pliva, lakes like Pliva lake, which is also a popular destination for the local people and tourists. Not far from Jajce there are mountains that are over two thousand meters high like Vlašić near the town of Travnik. Travelling through the mountain roads to the town may not sit well with some visitors, because the roads are in poor condition, but the scenery is picturesque.
Demographics.
In 1931 today's municipality of Jajce was part of the much bigger Jajce County (together with today's municipalities of Jezero, Dobretići and Šipovo).
365 Serbs from Jajce are documented to have been murdered at the Jasenovac concentration camp during World War II.
Twin towns – sister cities.
Jajce is twinned with:


Edgardo

Edgardo is an Italian-language form of the name Edgar. It may refer to:


Marr Residence

The Marr Residence is a National Historic Site located in the Nutana neighborhood of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and was part of the original temperance colony that predated the city. Built in 1884 for stonemason Alexander "Sandy" Marr, it is the oldest building in Saskatoon on its original site. It was one of several houses requisitioned as a field hospital to treat wounded soldiers during the North-West Rebellion in 1885. When the hospital was closed in 1885 the home was returned to the Marr family. Although they left Saskatoon in 1889, the Marr family name remained associated with the house. The house remained a residential property until the 1970s.
The Marr Residence was designated a municipal heritage property on January 11, 1982. It is noted for its blend of Second Empire and pioneer architecture, particularly its Mansard roof. The building is currently owned by the City of Saskatoon and run as a historic site by the Meewasin Valley Authority.
On July 4, 2016, the Marr Residence was designated a National Historic Site.


Freeman Plantation

The Freeman Plantation is a Southern plantation with a historic mansion located in Jefferson, Texas, USA. The house was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style, and it was completed in 1850. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 25, 1969. It was purchased by the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1971.


List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Berks County

This is a list of the Pennsylvania state historical markers in Berks County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Berks County, Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC). The locations of the historical markers, as well as the latitude and longitude coordinates as provided by the PHMC's database, are included below when available. There are 66 historical markers located in Berks County.


Millicent Taplin

Millicent (Millie) Jane Taplin (1902–1980) was a British designer and painter of ceramics who spent most of her career at Josiah Wedgwood and Sons (1917–1962). She was trained in painting by Alfred and Louise Powell, and supervised Wedgwood's ceramics painters. She became a designer of decorative patterns in 1929 and by the mid-to-late 1930s was one of the company's main designers, although she did not design pottery shapes. She was one of only two working-class women to become a successful ceramics designer before the Second World War. Her tableware designs were exhibited by Wedgwood at Grafton Galleries in London in 1936, and several of her designs are now on display at the V&A Museum. Her design "Strawberry Hill", with Victor Skellern, was awarded the Council of Industrial Design's Design of the Year Award in 1957.
Early life and education.
Millicent Jane Taplin was born in 1902. Her father, John William Taplin, worked at casting sanitary ware. She attended school only until the age of 13, leaving to find employment in a milliner's shop. She took evening classes in art at Stoke School of Art, after being awarded a three-year scholarship, studying not only pottery decoration but also still lifes and botanical drawing, but did not study art full time.
Career.
Taplin began her career in the Staffordshire pottery industry at Green and Co. in Fenton, where she was employed in gilding. She then started to learn the craft of ceramic painting at Mintons. In 1917 she moved to Josiah Wedgwood and Sons at their Etruria Works, where she continued her training as a painter, learning freehand painting under the supervision of Alfred and Louise Powell. When her training was completed, she worked as one of around twenty hand-paintresses for the company. In around 1926 she is recorded as a student at the Burslem School of Art. In 1928 she was promoted to supervise the paintresses at the newly established hand-decorating studio at the Etruria Works – from 1929, also including the hand-painting department – and continued in this role at the new Wedgwood factory in Barlaston. She was a member of the Society of Industrial Artists from 1932.
Taplin began to adapt designs by the Powells from the mid-1920s; her own first designs date from 1928. In 1929 she was recognised as a designer, and by the mid-to-late 1930s was numbered among Wedgwood's main designers. With Clarice Cliff, she was one of two working-class women to achieve success as a designer in the interwar period. Many of the other women designers at this time were middle class in origin, and they often had close relatives who were designers or artists; lower-class women in the industry were usually restricted to non-creative roles such as dipping. Taplin originated patterns for bone china, Queen's ware, earthenware and other types of pottery. Her designs in the 1920s were for ornamental ware; those of the 1930s were for tableware. Her earlier designs were for hand-painting, but after the Second World War, she also worked on lithographic printed designs. Like most women designers, Taplin only originated decorative patterns and did not create complete pottery designs, although some women such as Cliff and Susie Cooper did design both. Like other Wedgwood designers of the 1920s and 1930s, the designs were sold under her name, but only some of her work was individually identified, which was done via a painted monogram rather than a signature. She worked under the direct supervision of Victor Skellern, Wedgwood's art director from 1934, with whom she collaborated.
From 1956 Taplin headed the company's hand-painting section, covering both china and earthenware. She retired in 1962, having worked for Wedgwood for 45 years.
Designs and style.
Among Taplin's early designs were "Kingcup" and "Sun-lit". In the mid-1930s she designed the "highly modern" "Moonlight"; "Winter Morn", with simple grey petals and leaves on a lavender background with silver highlights; and "Falling Leaves", a stylised leaf pattern in green and silver. "Moonlight", "Winter Morn" and "Falling Leaves" were among eleven Taplin designs chosen by Wedgwood for an exhibition of predominantly tableware at Grafton Galleries in London in 1936, along with a smaller number of works by Skellern, Star Wedgwood, Keith Murray, John Skeaping and others. According to Cheryl Buckley, these and other hand-painted designs of the 1930s were "simple, but bold" in their patterns, using "subtle" shades of green, grey, blue and lavender. Diane Taylor considers Taplin, Wedgwood and Skellern to present a "coherent stylistic approach... based upon simplicity and restraint", while Buckley characterises the work of male designers such as Skellern as more Modernist than that of Taplin and other contemporary Wedgwood women designers, such as Star Wedgwood and Daisy Makeig-Jones. Buckley considers that Taplin's tableware designs, as well as those of other women ceramics designers in the 1930s, represent "a clever application of modernism", working within the constraints on the British pottery industry of the time, finding a balance between modernist design and saleability to English consumers in a diminished market after the financial crash of 1929. They were reasonably inexpensive and targeted at relatively young purchasers with "some taste but no money". Amy Gale characterises Taplin as "conservative", stating that she "updat[ed] the tradition of floral decoration."
With Skellern, Taplin designed "Strawberry Hill" in around 1957, a particularly popular design for printed and gilded bone china, which received one of the earliest Council of Industrial Design's Design of the Year Award in 1957. Several of Taplin's designs are preserved in the permanent ceramics collection of the V&A Museum, including "Falling Leaves", "Strawberry Hill" and an unidentified earthenware design of around 1937. Examples of her designs and painted work are also in the permanent collections of the Wedgwood Museum, Barlaston and the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery in Stoke-on-Trent.
Personal life.
Taplin married in 1932, carrying on working for Wedgwood. In 1935 she taught painting and design at Stoke School of Art. Taplin died in 1980.
References.
Sources


Outpost Estates, Los Angeles

Outpost Estates is a neighborhood in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles, California, consisting of about 450 homes. It is bordered by Mulholland Drive to the north, Franklin Avenue to the south, Runyon Canyon Park to the west, and Hollywood Heights and the Hollywood Bowl to the east.
History.
The area was the site of the first building in what is now Hollywood, a three-room adobe house built in 1853 by Don Tomas Urquidez, near what is now the intersection of Outpost Drive and Hillside Avenue. General Harrison Grey Otis, the owner of the "Los Angeles Times", acquired the estate from Don Tomás through legal wrangling associated with California's joining the United States in 1850. Near Casa Don Tomás, Otis built a clubhouse on the property for entertaining, which he called "The Outpost."
In 1924, Charles E. Toberman acquired the property. He kept the Outpost name and developed the property as one of several 1920s Hollywood luxury residential neighborhoods. The area became known as an affluent area with many rich and famous residents. "Homes had to be designed in Spanish, Mediterranean or California modern style, have red tile roofs, plenty of patios for "outdoor living," and be approved by architectural committee before being built." Most of the original houses have been preserved, and Lower Outpost looks much like it did in the 1920s.
In the 1920s, in the hills above the development, a large sign spelled out "Outpost" in red neon letters 30 feet high. It was intended to compete with the Hollywoodland sign, (which later became the Hollywood sign). At the time, it was the largest neon sign in the United States. The Outpost sign was dismantled during World War II, and the wreckage of the sign was left in place, buried in the weeds. Even the original foundation and electrical junction boxes survived. The twisted remains were identified by hikers in 2002.
In 1967, a homeowners association was formed to combat what residents considered to be inappropriate development. In the 1980s, the group helped to prevent the development of Runyon Canyon.
The Outpost Estates development was one of the first neighborhoods in the country to offer all-underground utilities.
The neighborhood is featured in Episode 14018 of "California's Gold" with Huell Howser.
Education.
Residents are zoned to three elementary schools, depending upon address: Gardner Street Elementary School, Selma Elementary School, and Valley View Elementary School. All residents are zoned to Bancroft Middle School and Hollywood High School.


Chananya Yom Tov Lipa

Chananya Yom Tov Lipa is a Jewish given name, and may refer to:


Sinai (surname)

Sinai is a surname. It is a Portuguese-style spelling of the Konkani surname Shenoy . This spelling originated from Goa. It is also an Arabic and Hebrew surname and masculine given name derived from Mount Sinai. In the United States, the 2010 Census found 367 people with the surname Sinai, making it the 55,841st-most-common name in the country. This represented an increase from 277 people (66,676th-most common) in the 2000 Census. In both censuses, about eight-tenths of the bearers of this surname identified as white, one-tenth as Hispanic, and three percent as Asian.
People.
Notable people with this surname include:
Fictional characters.
Fictional characters with this surname include:


Hollywood Trident Foundation

The Hollywood Trident Foundation was formed in 2001 under Jack Palance’s leadership to facilitate contact among professionals working in the entertainment industry who are interested in Ukrainian affairs.
Lobby Efforts.
Holodomor.
The Hollywood Trident Foundation works closely with the Ukrainian Genocide Famine Foundation to interview film survivors of the Holodomor. Peter Baristow reports: "When I came to Chicago last year to interview survivors of the Holodomor, I came with childhood memories of tears—the tears cried by my mother as she remembered how her brothers and sisters died of starvation."
Ukrainian Election.
Members of the Foundation and others petitioned for a fair, transparent and fully internationally monitored election in Ukraine on December 26, 2004.