Douglas A. Mendini

Douglas A. Mendini (1953-2016) was an author who wrote under the pseudonym Julian Biddle, known for "What Was Hot", a history of pop culture in America, among other books. The name was a pseudonym for writer Douglas A. Mendini (1953-2016). Writing as Mendini, his non-fiction appeared in Life, Entertainment Weekly, and Country Living magazines, among others. He was also the playwright of “A Good Sport”, “Overeating Causes Death” and other plays. His fiction appeared in over 30 journals.


Golden Belt

Golden Belt or Shah's Coronation Belt is a 119 cm belt with a unique, 176 carat emerald on it. It also is decorated with 60 brilliant diamonds and 145 other type diamonds. Currently, it is kept in the National Treasury of Iran in Tehran.
This belt was created at the command of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar.


Glaubicz coat of arms

Glaubicz - is a Polish Coat of Arms.


Takamatsuzuka Tomb

The or "Tall Pine Tree Ancient Burial Mound" in Japanese is an ancient circular tomb in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan.
History.
The tomb is thought to have been built at some time between the end of the 7th century and the beginning of the 8th century. It was accidentally discovered by a local farmer in the 1960s.
Description.
The mound of the tomb was built of alternating layers of clay and sand. It is about 16 meters in diameter and 5 meters high. Excavation yielded a burial chamber with painted fresco wall paintings of courtiers in Goguryeo-style garb. The paintings are in full color with red, blue, gold, and silver foil representing four male followers and four serving maidens together with the Azure Dragon, Black Tortoise, White Tiger, and Vermilion Bird groups of stars. The paintings are designated a National Treasure.
For whom the tomb was built is unknown, but the decorations suggest it is for a member of the Japanese royal family or a high-ranking nobleman. Candidates include:
Conservation.
The Cultural Affairs Agency of Japan is considering taking apart the stone chamber and reassembling it elsewhere to prevent further deterioration to its wall paintings. A painting called "Asuka Bijin", or "beautiful women", is one of the murals in the tomb facing deterioration. The unusual preservation method is being considered because the tomb's current situation makes it impossible to prevent further damage and stop the spread of mold.
Unlike the Kitora Tomb, in Asuka removing pieces of the Takamatsuzuka wall plaster and reinforcing them for conservation appears difficult because the plaster has numerous tiny cracks.
Comparison.
In 2012, similar mural was found in a tomb in Mongolia. The round mound, thought to be built by Göktürks in the 7th century, was excavated by Mongolian and Kazakh researchers. The mural depicts Azure Dragon and White Tiger with a procession of Chinese and Sogdian, and other Caucasoid traders.


Cryan

Cryan is an Irish surname anglicised from the Gaelic, Ó Croidheáin "descendant of Croidheán". Notable people with the name include:


The Frontier Trail

The Frontier Trail is a lost 1926 American Western film directed by Scott R. Dunlap and starring Harry Carey.


Nycz coat of arms

Nycz is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Blazon.
The crest is a black raven facing right holding a golden ring in its beak.
The helm is a szachecki type. Its mantling is identical to the Jastrzębiec coat of arms.


Banner of Gold

The Banner of Gold () is a state decoration in Bolivia. It is the highest decoration awarded by the Senate of Bolivia, awarded to Bolivian and international individuals and institutions as a recognition of their contributions to human values and service to society.
In November 2008, the award was presented to the folkloric musical group Los Kjarkas and that same year former Senator Benjamín Miguel Harb received it.
In March 2009, Sōka Gakkai International was awarded the Banner of Gold. In the same month, the Senate awarded the decoration to the governments of Cuba and Venezuela, in recognition of their contributions in education and health sectors in Bolivia (such as the programmes "Yo, sí puedo" and "Misión Milagro").


Master of Hoogstraeten

The Master of Hoogstraeten (c. 1475 – c. 1530) is the Notname given to a Flemish painter or a collective of painters active in Antwerp in the early 16th century. The master created principally religious paintings and is considered a member of the Antwerp Mannerists.
Identification.
The identity of the Master is not known, although attempts have been made to link him with Passchier van der Mersch, a Flemish painter who was a pupil of the leading Antwerp painter Hans Memling. Because of a clear Dutch influence on his work, it has also been surmised that the Master was in fact originally from the Northern Netherlands.
The notname Master of Hoogstraeten was coined by the historian of Early Netherlandish art Max Jakob Friedländer after a set of seven panels each depicting one of the Sorrows of the Virgin that originally hung in the church of Saint Catharina in the town of Hoogstraten (now in the Antwerp province of Belgium). The panels believed to have been painted in 1505 remained in the church until the beginning of the 19th century and are now in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp.
The Master may have been a pupil of Hans Memling himself, but his work also shows the influence of Flemish artists like Gerard David (1460–1523) and Hugo van der Goes (1440–1482). "Madonna and Child with Saint Catherine of Alexandria and Saint Barbara", now in the Uffizi Gallery, was once attributed to Hugo van der Goes, but is now claimed to be a work of the Master of Hoogstraeten.
Work.
He is known for religious works.
The Antwerp Mannerists typically depicted religious themes, which they interpreted generally in a more superficial manner than the Flemish artists of the previous century in favour of a more fluid form and an abundance of meticulously rendered details. They also show a preference for a changing palette. Their compositions are typically shock-full with agitated figures in exotic, extravagant clothes. The compositions typically include architectural ruins. The architecture is initially Gothic but later Renaissance motifs become dominant. The earlier works included Gothic architecture but in later works Renaissance structures became prevalent. The paintings appear to combine Early Netherlandish and Northern Renaissance styles, and incorporate both Flemish and Italian traditions into the same compositions.
Most of the artists of Antwerp Mannerism have remained anonymous and only some of the artists have been identified. They include Jan de Beer, Adriaen van Overbeke and the Master of 1518 (possibly Jan Mertens or Jan van Dornicke). The anonymous Antwerp Mannerists have been given notnames based on external knowledge about the works such as an inscription, a previous owner, the place of preservation, former attributions or a date found on the work. This has led to names such as the Pseudo-Bles, the Master of the Von Groote Adoration, the Master of Amiens, the Master of the Antwerp Adoration and the Master of 1518. Works that cannot be attributed directly to a named master are attributed to "Anonymous Antwerp Mannerist".
Many of the panels or triptychs produced by the Antwerp Mannerists depict scenes of the Nativity of Jesus, usually situated at night, the Adoration of the Magi and the Crucifixion. The theme of the Adoration of the Magi was in particular dear to them as it allowed the artists to give free rein to their preoccupation with ornament and the simulation and imitation of luxury products.


Herri met de Bles

Herri met de Bles, also known as Henri Blès, Herri de Dinant, Herry de Patinir, and "il Civetta" (c. 1490 – after 1566), was a Flemish Northern Renaissance and Mannerist landscape painter, native of Bouvignes or Dinant (both in present-day Belgium).
He contributed, along with Joachim Patinir and Lucas Gassel, to a distinct style of Northern Renaissance landscape painting basically originating from Gerard David's works and combining small history or religious scenes into compositions defined by perspective and atmospheric effects. They all painted landscapes seen from a high viewpoint and rocky masses. They did not aim to create a realistic depiction but an atmospheric effect. Herri met de Bles always included a few small figures involved in a religious episode or everyday activities such as mining, agriculture or trade.
Life.
The Netherlands Institute for Art History suggests that de Bles was born in Dinant in circa 1510.
Very little is known about the artist. He is believed to be identical to a certain Herry de Patenir who joined Antwerp's Guild of St. Luke in 1533 as a painter. He may have been related to the landscape painter Joachim Patinir, perhaps as his nephew, although he may not have trained under him because of their age difference.
He may have visited Ferrara, Italy and died there, getting buried in the church of San Giacomo, as an Italian source mentions it, but there is no documentary evidence for this. His work was popular in Italy, where he was known as 'il Civetta' because of the little owl that often appears in his paintings, usually in a hollow tree or in a cavity between some rocks. The 17th-century biographer Karel van Mander regarded this motif as his signature. The name "Herri met de Bles" translates literally from Dutch as "Herri with the blaze" and was reportedly given him because of his characteristic white forelock. He may have been the pupil of Lucas Gassel, who was at least 10 years his senior, at some point for the similarities between their works about the subject of David an Bathsheba are significant. Besides, they are depicted together (along with Hans Holbein) in a 1764 coloured engraving by Jan l'Admiral with Gassel being in the foreground and de Bles shown in the more obscure lower right corner.
The notname of "Pseudo Bles" was invented to cover a number of Antwerp Mannerist paintings that had previously been attributed to de Bles, after it was recognised that this was wrong. In 1915 by Max Jakob Friedländer in his work "Die Antwerpener Manieristen von 1520", made a first attempt to put order in the growing number of works from the Netherlands that were catalogued under the 'name of embarrassment 'pseudo-Herri met de Bles' (usually now "Pseudo Bles").
Older sources date his death vaguely to around or after 1550 or 1555, but the RKD now places him as still active in Antwerp in 1566.
Work.
His landscapes are different from Patinir's in that de Bles' work shows more foreground landscapes, a looser composition and greater detail. His choice of colours is generally less rich than that of Patinir. Along with a group of Antwerp-based followers of Hieronymus Bosch that included Jan Mandyn, Pieter Huys, and Jan Wellens de Cock, de Bles brought the tradition of fantastic imagery into northern Mannerism.
In popular culture.
In Richard Powers's novel "The Gold Bug Variations" (1991), one of the main characters is working on a dissertation whose subject is Herri met de Bles. The painter's obscurity and his peculiar imagery are woven into the motifs of the novel.


List of Indiana state historical markers in Grant County

This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Grant County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Grant County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The locations of the historical markers and their latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with their names, years of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau. There are 7 historical markers located in Grant County.


Heian literature

 or refers to Japanese literature of the Heian period, running from 794 to 1185. This article summarizes its history and development.
Overview.
"Kanshi" (poetry written in Chinese) and "kanbun" (prose in Chinese) had remained popular since the Nara period, and the influence of the Tang poet Bai Juyi ("Haku Kyoi" in Japanese) on Japanese "kanshi" in this period was great. Even in the "Tale of Genji", a pure Japanese work composed entirely in "kana", particularly in the chapter "Kiritsubo", the influence of his "" has been widely recognized. Sugawara no Michizane, who taught at the Daigaku-ryō before becoming Minister of the Right, was known not only as a politician but as a leading "kanshi" poet.
In 905, with the imperial order to compile the Kokinshū, the first imperial anthology, "waka" poetry acquired a status comparable to "kanshi". "Waka" were composed at "uta-awase" and other official events, and the private collections of well-known poets such as Ki no Tsurayuki (the "Tsurayuki-shū") and Lady Ise (the "Ise-shū") became well-known.
During this period, since the language of most official documents was Chinese, most men of the nobility used Chinese characters to write poetry and prose in Chinese, but among women the "kana" syllabary continued to grow in popularity, and more and more men adopted this simpler style of writing as well. Most of the works of literature from the Heian period that are still well-regarded today were written predominantly in "kana". Diaries had been written by men in Chinese for some time, but in the early tenth century Ki no Tsurayuki chose to write his "Tosa Nikki" from the standpoint of a woman, in "kana". Partly due to the "Tosa Nikki"'s influence, diaries written in Japanese became increasingly common.


Ladies at Play

Ladies at Play is a lost 1926 American silent comedy film directed by Alfred E. Green and starring Doris Kenyon, Lloyd Hughes and Louise Fazenda.
It was remade as a sound film "Loose Ankles" in 1930.


Byrne

The most common meaning of Byrne (variations: Burns, Byrn, Byrnes, O'Byrne) is a surname derived from the Irish name Ó Broin.
There are two Irish surnames which have Byrne as their English spelling; the most common comes from Ó Broin, which refers to the Leinster-based family of Bran as described below, the less common family name is Ó Beirn or Ó Beirne in Irish comes from a different Sept or family and therefore has different origins. The latter is most commonly found in Mayo, Sligo and Donegal in the Northwest of Ireland.
History.
In the Irish language, "Ó Broin" means "descendant of Bran". The name has been traced back to the ancient Celtic chieftain, Bran mac Máelmórda, King of Leinster, deposed in 1018, (d. 1052), who belonged to the Uí Dúnlainge dynasty. He was descended from Cathair Mór, an earlier king of Leinster, who was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, also monarch of all Ireland around 200 AD. The clan's motto is the Latin phrase "Certavi et vici", meaning "I have fought and conquered".
In pre-Norman times the O'Byrnes, then known as the Uí Fáeláin sept, inhabited the rich Kildare plains. With the progress of the Anglo-Norman conquest, they were compelled to migrate to the poorer lands and the mountainous country eastwards, later to be denominated as the county of Wicklow.


Mrs. Sam Houston House

Mrs. Sam Houston House is a historic house on FM 390, one block east of the junction with FM 50 in Independence, Texas.
Sometimes known as the Root house, this Greek Revival house was built in 1832. Margaret Lea Houston, the widow of politician and Texas statesman Sam Houston, bought the house in 1864 from Major Eber Cave, a family friend. She lived in it during her final years until her death in 1867. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 as the "Mrs. Sam Houston House," notable for its association with her.


Park House Museum

Park House is a historic house museum, located in Amherstburg, Ontario, Canada. It was built in 1796 in Detroit, but moved to Amherstburg in 1799. It has had many owners, the best-known being the Park family who owned it 102 years. In 1972 it was purchased by the Rotary Club of Amherstburg, becoming a local history museum and being renovated to portray life in the 1850s.
History.
Park House was constructed in Detroit near the Rouge River in 1796 by a British loyalist. After the American Revolution the owner moved to Malden, the new British fort across the river. Disassembled and moved by canoe in 1798, the house was rebuilt in Amherstburg on Lot 17, First Street (presently Dalhousie Street). It would remain here 173 years. The first image of Park House Museum is in the painting "A View of Amherstburg, 1813" by Margaret Reynolds.
The lots on First Street were awarded through a draw. Lot 17 was first given to a mercantile firm, Leith, Shepherd and Duff. The Commanding officer of Fort Malden, Captain Hector McLean, decided to give it to the schooner "Nancy" instead. Thus it was held by her owners: her Captain, William Mills, and the Montreal firm Forsyth, Richardson and Company.
Alexander Mackintosh bought the property in 1817. However, Mackintosh only held the house until 1823 when Jean Baptiste Macon purchased it. Macon was a well-known merchant in Amherstburg when he bought the property, venturing into his own forwarding business. He hired as clerks the Park brothers, the later namesakes of the house.
Thomas F. Park purchased the house on September 23, 1839. Thomas lent the property to his youngest brother Theodore Jones Park who ran a general merchandising and forwarding business with his brother John R. Park. Theodore bought the house in 1866, two years after his brother Thomas died.
Theodore's son, Dr. Theodore James Park, owned the house next. In 1880 he used the house as the town’s medical office. His sister Lizzie Park gained the house after his death. With no relatives she gave the property to Helen Donovan, Spinster of New York State upon her death in 1941. Donovan gave the land to Geraldine S. Sterns from Detroit that same year. Sterns then sold the property to the Lalondes in 1945. The Lalondes created an antique store named Park House Antiques. This store lasted 25 years before they sold the property to Zarko and Bessie Vucinic, the owners of Duffy's Tavern.
The Vucinics wanted to expand their business to the riverfront. They approached Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan to preserve Park House. Hazen Price, the head of a committee within the Amherstburg Rotary Club suggested buying Park House and preserving it so it would need not be moved or demolished. The club approved this and the house was moved to Waterworks Park (presently Amherstburg Navy Yard where Park House Museum still stands). In July 1973, Amherstburg Historical Sites Association was created to furnish and maintain the museum. After more than a year of restoring and furnishing the house to portray the time of the Park family and businesses, the Museum officially opened December 9, 1973 with a ribbon cutting ceremony attended by Mayor H. Murray Smith.
The Park House Tinsmiths, a volunteer association created in 1978 makes reproduction tinware to help finance the Museum. Although displayed as far as the United Kingdom and sold to places like Fort Malden and Fort George it could not sustain the Museum. On February 19, 2006 a $46,000 grant given by the Ontario Trillium Foundation, resulted in a grand re-opening.
The museum now educates the public, including school children from Ontario, Michigan, Ohio, and Illinois using such resources as a hand press donated by the Amherstburg Echo, used to print its first edition in 1874. It displays an early French framed, log-styled home with an original 1850s fireplace. The museum currently features displays of 1850s daily life, while the second floor houses exhibits of pioneer and recent artifacts.
The Park House was named a National Historic Site by the federal government on October 4, 2018.


Francisco de Castello

Francisco de Castello (1556–1636) was an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance. He was born in Flanders, of Spanish parentage. He visited Rome, for the purpose of study, when quite young, during the papacy of Gregory XIII. He painted historical pictures, generally small in size, which were much sought after. He also executed some pictures for the churches at Rome. In the church of San Giacomo degli Spagnuoli is an altarpiece of the "Assumption of the Virgin with Glory of Angels and Apostles" and a "Madonna & Child with Sts. Nicholas and Julian" for the church of San Rocco di Ripetta. He died at Rome.


Matthew Howard-Gibbon

Matthew Charles Howard-Gibbon (13 November 1796 – 16 December 1873) was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. He was born Matthew Charles Howard Gibbon in London, and was the oldest son of Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk and Mary Ann Gibbon–his long-time mistress and purportedly his third wife. Matthew was married to Charlotte Blackman in 1822, and they originally lived on a small estate in Yapton, but were not known to have had any children. Matthew received his hyphenated surname and family coat of arms in 1842 by Royal Licence obtained by his brother, Edward Howard-Gibbon, with consent of the 13th Duke of Norfolk.
He was appointed by the Duke of Norfolk to the office of Richmond Herald of Arms in Ordinary at the College of Arms in 1846. In 1869, he was noted as the last member of the College to actually reside there during his long tenure in that position. He died 16 December 1873 in Yapton, and he left most of his estate to his niece and accomplished Canadian schoolteacher-artist Amelia Frances Howard-Gibbon.


Theodosia Harris

Theodosia Harris was an American screenwriter active at the dawn of Hollywood's silent era. She worked as the chief scenario writer at Mutual for director David Horsley in the 1910s, penning dozens of short scenarios she was credited for (and probably many others she wasn't named on). She appears to have retired from screenwriting after marrying San Francisco businessman James Knowles in 1915. She was involved in a 1917 Supreme Court lawsuit over her scenario "The House of a Thousand Scandals", and she was never credited on another film after that. She died in San Antonio, Texas, in 1938.


Michael Nedo

Michael Nedo (1940-) is the director of the Wittgenstein Archive in Cambridge.
Personal life.
Nedo was born in 1940.
Wittgenstein.
Nedo developed an admiration for Wittgenstein while a physics student at the University of Tübingen. During the 1970s the trustees of the Wittgenstein estate awarded a contract to Nedo to publish a complete edition of the Wittgenstein manuscripts, although they had withdrawn their support by the time of the first edition in 1993. Since before 1997, Nedo has been the director of The Wittgenstein Archive, a privately funded organisation based in the city of Cambridge, England aiming to publish Wittgenstein's work. The series of books created is known as the "Wiener Ausgabe", the Vienna edition, because of the location of the publisher, Springer-Verlag. Nedo was the subject of some criticism for the slowness of the publication rate and the competence of the work, although early editions of the "Wiener Ausgab"e attracted praise from the "Times Literary Supplement" and "San Francisco Chronicle" for elegance, beauty, and service to scholarship. Nedo's work has also been the subject of controversy in the German-language press.
Nedo co-edited a 1983 book, "Ludwig Wittgenstein—Sein Leben in Bildern und Texten", with Michele Ranchetti, and in 2013 edited "Ludwig Wittgenstein: Ein biographisches Album". Both books are albums of photographs related to Wittgenstein, linked by extracts from the writing of Wittgenstein and his circle. Ray Monk, in the "New York Review of Books," estimated that 90% of the pictures and text in the latter book had also appeared in the former, but that no reason had been given for the removal of Ranchetti as a co-editor. In 2005, Nedo co-wrote "Ludwig Wittgenstein: There Where You Are Not" which combined a biographical collage by Nedo with photography by Guy Moreton and poetry by Alec Finlay.


Old Europa Cafe discography

This is a discography for Old Europa Cafe records.


Richard Hull (executive)

Richard Hull is an American media and entertainment executive, and film and television financier/producer. He is the Founder and CEO of Pongalo (formerly known as Latin Everywhere), which controls one of the largest libraries of Spanish-language content in the world.
He has led to the creation of and produced more than 25 films and television shows, including "She's All That" starring Freddie Prinze, Jr. and Rachael Leigh Cook. In 2011, he won the NAACP Image Award for his film For Love of Liberty: The Story of America’s Black Patriots, which he produced with Halle Berry with an introduction by Colin Powell.
In 2011, he won the NAACP Image Award for his film For Love of Liberty: The Story of America’s Black Patriots, which he produced with Halle Berry with an introduction by Colin Powell.
In 2000, he and Matthew McConaughey produced The Story of Darrell Royal about legendary University of Texas football coach Darrell Royal. The film featured President George W. Bush, Willie Nelson, Ed Marinaro, Keith Jackson, Mack Brown and Tom Hicks.
He contributed an essay to the book "Dancing with Digital Natives: Staying in Step with the Generation That's Transforming the Way Business Is Done". The book won the 2012 Axiom Bronze Award and it was a 2011 USA Awards Best Books finalist.
He has authored numerous articles about media and entertainment for eContent Magazine and he gave the keynote address at the Buying and Selling eContent Executive Conference in 2010. He is a frequent speaker at the Digital Hollywood conference.
Personal.
In July 2014, he married Kelly Straub at the Aspen Valley Polo Club in Aspen, CO. There was a professional polo game after his wedding. He graduated with honors from Vanderbilt University, where he sits on the Alumni Board. He is the co-founder of Vanderbilt in Hollywood, which places current Vanderbilt students into summer entertainment internships in Los Angeles. He grew up in Dallas, Texas and attended high school at Jesuit College Preparatory School. His father, Richard M. Hull Sr, was a prominent attorney in Dallas, TX who was the CEO of President Lyndon Johnson’s LBJ Company in Austin, TX. He had no intentions to get into the entertainment business, but sparked to it when, 20 minutes before curtain, he was given the chance to appear in a theater show after college. He lived in a tent for a summer on an archaeological expedition in Alaska.
Filmography.
Producer


An Hallucinated Alchemist

An Hallucinated Alchemist (), also known as The Alchemist's Hallucination, was an 1897 French short silent film directed by Georges Méliés. This film is lost. The videos online are not this film, but actually "The Mysterious Retort" (1906).
Plot.
The film features a star with five female heads and a giant face that has people coming out of its mouth.
Production.
The sets were hand painted.
Release and influence.
The film was released by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 95 in its catalogues. The film is currently presumed lost.
The 1900 Edison Manufacturing Company short "The Clown and the Alchemist", directed by J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith, may have been inspired by this film.


Sable (heraldry)

In heraldry, sable () is the tincture black, and belongs to the class of dark tinctures, called "colours". In engravings and line drawings, it is sometimes depicted as a region of crossed horizontal and vertical lines, or else marked with "sa." as an abbreviation.
The name derives from the black fur of the sable, a species of marten.
Poetic meanings.
Centuries ago, arms were often described poetically and the tinctures were connected to different gemstones, flowers and heavenly bodies. Sable usually represented the following:
Sable in Central Europe.
Sable is considered a "colour" in British and French heraldry, and contrasts with lighter "metals", argent and Or. However, in the heraldry of Germany, Polish heraldry and other parts of central Europe, sable is not infrequently placed on colour fields. As a result, a sable cross may appear on a red shield, or a sable bird may appear on a blue or a red field, as in the arms of Albania.
In Hungary, for example, one can find examples of sable on gules and azure fields as early as the sixteenth century in the arms of the family Kanizsai (granted in 1519): "Azure, an eagle's wing sable taloned Or between a decrescent argent and a sun Or." Another early Hungarian example was granted in 1628 to the family Karomi Bornemisza: "Per fess gules, an eagle displayed sable crowned Or, and azure, a buffalo's head cabossed sable maintaining in its mouth a fish (argent?)".
Polish examples abound as early as the fifteenth century. Józef Szymański includes no fewer than seven examples of sable primary charges on either gules or azure fields out of the approximately 200 shields from this period whose blazons are known. These include the arms of Corvin, "Azure, a raven sable with a circlet or in its beak"; Kownaty, "Gules, a trumpet sable with a cord or, a Passion cross of the same issuing from its opening"; and Słońce, "Gules, a sphere radiant sable, its centre argent." In addition to the seven major examples, he describes occasional variants for the arms of some rody which also use sable charges on azure or gules fields.
Sable charges on gules fields also appear in the armory used in Lithuania. This is not surprising, since a significant fraction of Lithuania's personal coats of arms are of Polish origin, so there is a certain similarity of style. Among these coats are those of Great Žemaitija: "a black bear with an argent chain on its neck on a field gules."


Chhandayan

Chhandayan, Inc. (Chhandayan) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) charitable organization focused on the preservation and advancement of Indian classical music. Chhandayan was founded in 1984 by Samir Chatterjee, the current Artistic Director and President. Its activities span various areas of music education which include organizing concerts and pre-concert lectures, classes (theory and performance), workshops, and archival research. Chhandayan’s primary operations are based out of its New York City headquarters, the Chhandayan Center for Indian Music (CCIM), but its activities are carried out in six local chapters.
History.
Chhandayan traces its roots to 1984 in Kolkata, India where it used to organize Indian classical music concerts designed to offer a platform for young musicians. In 1998, it was reestablished in the United States as a nonprofit 501(c)(3) charitable organization limited to offering musical instruction and small-scale concerts. Over the next several years, the organization added more students and faculty, eventually forming local chapters in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Florida. Chhandayan's largest presence is in the New York metropolitan area, but the Washington metropolitan area is a significant source of students, faculty, and audience members as well. Samir Chatterjee is the Founder, Artistic Director, and President of Chhandayan. He is a leading Tabla player and represents the Farukhabad gharana (school) of tabla playing. Chatterjee's performances, lectures, and teachings have made contributions to both Indian and other world music traditions. His compositions and writings are widely acclaimed.
Activities.
The various activities conducted by Chhandayan include:
Classes & Workshops.
Chhandayan offers lessons and classes on different branches of Indian classical music including training in vocals, Violin, Sitar, Sarangi, Bansuri, Harmonium (hand-pumped), and Tabla. Training in Indian classical dance including Kathak is also offered on a weekly basis at CCIM. Although modern technology has created the ability to reach students across the world, music instruction at Chhandayan is generally based upon the Guru-shishya tradition. Throughout the week, Chhandayan offers classes for Indian classical music and Tabla under the guidance of a Guru, mainly geared towards young students. There is an annual four-day Tabla workshop each summer run by Samir Chatterjee which draws students of all levels from various parts of North America. Affiliated faculty members who have run workshops in the past include Ajoy Chakrabarty (Vocal), Shujaat Khan (Sitar), Nayan Ghosh (Tabla), and other top Indian classical musicians.
Chhandayan has approximately 250 students, many of whom are professional musicians in various parts of the world. Among the most prominent Chhandayan students include: Daniel Weiss, Eric Phinney, Bodek Janke, Debu Nayak, Frank Colón, Dibyarka Chatterjee, Ranendra Das, among others. Annual workshops and seminars draw in approximately 100 additional students from the Americas and Europe.
Publications & Archives.
Chhandayan engages in the publication and archival of resource material to promote research in the classical arts of India.
Chhandayan's published books include "A Study of Tabla", the 650-page text on Indian music theory and Tala (music); Ravi Shankar, a former member of the organization's Advisory Board, wrote the foreword to the book. Chhandayan has also published "Music of India", an introductory text to Indian classical music concepts. It has published approximately ten works in the form of recorded media including an audiobook on the style and diction of Rabindranath Tagore which is currently in final editorial stages. Chhandayan's works have often addressed those aspects of Indian classical music that have become absent on the concert platform.
Social Contributions & Productions.
Chhandayan's service focuses primarily on education, resources, archival preservation, and research. Its overall mission is to educate people not only about music, but also about the social context in which it is to be created and experienced. For example, Chhandayan has been involved in the music revival of Afghanistan. It has actively brought some of the shared musical tradition from outside the country back to Afghanistan to achieve some degree of cultural revival. It is also working with local Afghan authorities in the adoption of musically inclined orphans.
Chhandayan seeks to transform what is commonly considered "high art" into something with more staying power. Acting on that belief, it has channeled several students to work with incarcerated adults and their children. It hopes to bring loved ones in need of rehabilitation closer through music. This project is focused in the Washington metropolitan area.
Most of the operations and activities are run by volunteers within the organization and world music community. For example, Chhandayan allows students to make non-financial contributions (namely, volunteering in the offices of CCIM) to expand the community's access to its educational resources. Also, a team of volunteers for the Annual All-Night Concert is charged every year with outreach efforts.
Finally, as a music organization Chhandayan intends to enhance awareness regarding the importance of music in general in present society. Much of this takes place through new works, productions, and compositions under the artistic leadership of founding director Samir Chatterjee. In 2009, Chatterjee composed and directed "Tablaphilia," a symphony for twenty-five Tabla players and four vocalists which interprets the four stages of life according to Hindu philosophy (ashramas). In 2011, Chhandayan produced and performed "RabiThakur," a ballet on the life of Rabindranath Tagore. The ballet integrates Western and Eastern expressions of contemporary music and dance and the choreography, by Ryan Daniel Beck, is set to music arranged and composed by Chatterjee.
The Concert Series & the Annual All-Night Concert.
Since 1984, Chhandayan has advanced the learning and appreciation of Indian classical music through concert experiences. Chhandayan presents regular series of concerts and pre-concert lectures in New York and in its other local chapters. The Concert Series, performances of Indian classical music or world music, is frequently held on weekend evenings in Chhandayan's various locations. CCIM tends to draw the largest audience members including those traveling from upstate New York, Connecticut, Pittsburgh, and the Beltway. Chhandayan's presence in various geographic footprints provides young artists with not only an audience through the Concert Series, but also access to mentorship, audience-building tools, and performance and teaching opportunities.
The capstone of the Concert Series is the Annual All-Night Concert which is currently in the fifteenth season. Since 2008, it has been held at the New York Society for Ethical Culture and draws close to 600 audience members throughout the night. The format, an all-night music festival, is rare outside of South Asia. Based on Chhandayan's network of matured musicians, the All-Night Concert provides an opportunity to hear and understand ragas, the underpinning melodic structures and scales of Indian classical music, at the late night and early morning hours. Various ragas are designed to express select moods from audience members and are performed throughout the night by Chhandayan's performing artists. The annual event in Manhattan is organized primarily by community volunteers and it draws a highly diverse audience. In 2010, the Annual All-Night Concert was also held for the first time in Toronto; it is currently in the fourth season there.
Jyotsna Awards in Contribution.
Since 2005, Chhandayan has acknowledged the contributions of some extraordinary individuals and institutions with the Jyotsna Awards in Contribution. Contributions from six areas are recognized annually: presentation, publication, academia, documentation, Guru, and Shishya. The Jyotsna Awards are considered a high accolade within the genre and its recipients have made significant contributions toward the growth of Indian classical music in North America.
Collaboration with World Music.
Chhandayan develops new work and productions offering insights into the scope of Indian music and its relationship with other musical and cultural traditions. To that end, it frequently works with musicians of other disciplines. For example, Chhandayan World Percussion Ensemble (CWPE) is an ensemble of percussion instruments from Africa, the Middle East, Europe, North and South America, and Asia. Indo-Flame is a blend of Indian and Flamenco dance and music. Dawn to Dusk and Beyond depicts the correspondence and influence of all types of music on physiology and the environment. Raga-Rock, a collaboration of Indian classical and Pakistani Sufi rock music with Salman Ahmed, performed at the Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo in 2007. Chhandayan has also collaborated on world music projects in Western Classical music and ballet.
Faculty.
Chhandayan has a number of regular faculty members, with Daniel Weiss and Samarth Nagarkar as Co-directors for Academic Affairs. Notable faculty includes Ramesh Mishra, Steve Gorn, Mitali Banerjee Bhawmik, and Samir Chatterjee. Chhandayan's educators do not just teach the fundamentals of Indian classical music, but also how to home in on aesthetic sensibilities and learn how to be a performer and a listener. The teachers are performers themselves who initiate and develop the students' skills in the Guru-shishya tradition. Some members also serve as visiting faculty at the University of Pittsburgh, Yale University, Manhattan School of Music, New School of Music, and other institutions. Chhandayan maintains close ties with senior faculty of The Pandit Jasraj Institute for Music, Research, Artistry and Appreciation (PJIM). The Director of PJIM, Tripti Mukherjee, is a visiting faculty member of Chhandayan and received a 2010 Jyotsna Award in Contribution. Other prominent visiting faculty members include Ajoy Chakrabarty (Vocal) and Shujaat Khan (Sitar).
Administration & Board Members.
Chhandayan is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of eight members. Further to the service-based mission, all members are voluntary workers who devote time and energy for the advancement of world music. Similarly, Chhandayan receives international support from its thirteen-member Advisory Board. Notable musicians on the Advisory Board include Jasraj, Ramesh Mishra, Ned Rothenberg, and Lyle Wachovsky. Ravi Shankar served as a key Advisory Board member from 1998 to December 2012.


Dot Farley

Dot Farley (born Dorothea Farley; February 6, 1881 – May 2, 1971) was an American film actress who appeared in 280 motion pictures between 1910 and 1950. She was also known as Dorothy Farley.
Biography.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Farley was the daughter of Eugene Farley and actress Alma Streeter Farley.
Farley gained acting experience by working for six years in stock theater and made her film debut in 1910. Mainly known for her roles in short comedies, prolific with Mack Sennett in the silent days, she also appeared in Western films in the early 1910s. She was later notable as the mother-in-law of Edgar Kennedy in most of his series of short films at the RKO studios.
Farley was also a writer, with 260 of her stories having been produced by 1924.
Farley died in South Pasadena, California.


Nekhen (nome)

Nekhen was the name of the third Upper Egyptian nome (province). Nekhen is also the Egyptian name of Hierakonpolis, one of the main towns in the province. During the Ptolemaic Greek and Roman eras, the province was called Latopolites, for Esna was in this period the main town and its Greek name was "Latopolis" or "Letopolis". The main towns in the province were Nekhen, Elkab and Esna. The province is already mentioned in inscriptions of the Old Kingdom.<br>


West Indian Gazette

West Indian Gazette (WIG) was a newspaper founded in Brixton, London, England, by Trinidadian communist & black nationalist activist Claudia Jones (1915–1964) in March 1958. The title as displayed on its masthead was subsequently expanded to West Indian Gazette And Afro-Asian Caribbean News. "WIG" is widely considered to have been Britain's first major black newspaper. Jones, who originally worked on its development with Amy Ashwood Garvey, was its editor. "WIG" lasted until 1965, but always struggled financially, closing eight months and four editions after Claudia Jones's death.
History.
Started as a monthly, it quickly gained a circulation of 15,000. The offices of the newspaper were located in the centre of the then developing Caribbean community in London, at 250 Brixton Road, above a record shop.
Impact.
Carole Boyce Davies, biographer of Claudia Jones, ascribes to the "West Indian Gazette" "a foundational role in developing the Caribbean diaspora in London". According to Donald Hinds, who worked as a journalist on "WIG": "It was not merely a vehicle to bring the news of what was happening back home and in the diaspora to Britain. It also commented on the arts in all their forms... It published poems and stories. Its trenchant editorials did not stop at Britain but had an opinion on the what, where and why of the cold war’s hot spots."
Jones herself, in her last published essay, "The Caribbean Community in Britain", said of "WIG": "The newspaper has served as a catalyst, quickening the awareness, socially and politically, of West Indians, Afro-Asians and their friends. Its editorial stand is for a united, independent West Indies, full economic, social and political equality and respect for human dignity for West Indians and Afro-Asians in Britain, and for peace and friendship between all Commonwealth and world peoples."


Leatherstocking (serial)

Leatherstocking is a 1924 American Western film serial directed by George B. Seitz.


Kwangbopsa

The Kwangbop Temple is an historic structure located in Mt. Taesong, Pyongyang, North Korea. Built during the early period of Koguryo during the reign of King Kwanggaetho, it is listed as item 164 on the list of National Treasures of North Korea.
History.
The temple was built during the reign of Gwanggaeto the Great; it is one of a large number of temples that were built in Pyongyang during this time.
Originally built in 392, it was destroyed by fire in 1700. It was rebuilt and enlarged in 1727. Destroyed again during the Korean War during a bombing of Pyongyang in 1952, it was not rebuilt until 1990. Visiting Buddhist monks are taken for tours here, though some South Koreans claim the residents in the temple are civil servants posing as monks.
In 2007, Buddhists visited the Kwangbopsa Temple as part of a delegation of Catholics, Protestants, Buddhists and Confucians, who are part of the "Korean Conference on Religion and Peace", members being from South Korea. The visit was to celebrate the 10th anniversary of partnership with the North Korean government’s Council of Religionists.
Description.
The temple is composed of the Haethal Gate, the Chonwang Gate, the Taeung Hall, the east and west Buddhist monasteries and an octagonal five-storied pagoda. Its buildings are arranged symmetrically with the pagoda as the centre.
The Taehung Hall is the main building of the temple. On the Haethal Gate we see carvings of young monks on elephants and lions; on the Chonwang Gate are carvings of four heavenly kings. Preserved within the temple are a lotus pond, a monument to the Kwangbop Temple erected in 1727 and another for the extension and painting of the Kwangbop Temple. The epitaph on the monument to the Kwangbop Temple recounts a legend of nine dragons and the 99 ponds of Mt. Kuryong of Taesong. The complex is built in the typical construction of period, having buildings on three sides centering on a pagoda.


Caittil Find

Caittil Find () was the leader of a contingent of "Norse-Gaels", recorded as being defeated in battle in 857 CE. Some historians have considered him to be identical to Ketill Flatnose, a prominent Norse sea-king who had strong associations with the Hebrides of Scotland and Olaf the White. This view is however not shared by all.
The Annals of Ulster record that in 857 Caittil Find was defeated in battle in Munster, Ireland.
The name " may be a Gaelicisation of the Old Norse ". ' was a popular name at this period and it is not clear whether the Gaelic ' even represents this Norse name. 's byname means "white" (or "fair") not "flat-nosed", as Alex Woolf points out.
Nor do the Icelandic sources which document hint at his being active in Ireland. was the father-in-law of Olaf the White, yet is recorded as battling (≈Olaf the White). Other historians propose that may have been active in Wales prior to his coming to Ireland.


Anaheim, California

Anaheim () is a city in Orange County, California, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 336,265, making it the most populous city in Orange County, the 10th-most populous city in California, and the 55th-most populous city in the United States. Anaheim is the second-largest city in Orange County in terms of land area, and is known for being the home of the Disneyland Resort, the Anaheim Convention Center, and two major sports teams: the Anaheim Ducks ice hockey club and the Los Angeles Angels baseball team.
Anaheim was founded by fifty German families in 1857 and incorporated as the second city in Los Angeles County on March 18, 1876; Orange County was split off from Los Angeles County in 1889. Anaheim remained largely an agricultural community until Disneyland opened in 1955. This led to the construction of several hotels and motels around the area, and residential districts in Anaheim soon followed. The city also developed into an industrial center, producing electronics, aircraft parts and canned fruit. Anaheim is a charter city.
Anaheim's city limits extend almost the full width of Orange County, from Cypress in the west, twenty miles east to the Riverside County line in the east, encompassing a diverse range of neighborhoods. In the west, mid-20th-century tract houses predominate. Downtown Anaheim has three mixed-use historic districts, the largest of which is the Anaheim Colony. South of downtown, a center of commercial activity of regional importance begins, the Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city, which stretches east and south into the cities of Orange, Santa Ana and Garden Grove. This edge city includes the Disneyland Resort, with two theme parks, multiple hotels, and retail district; Disney is part of the larger Anaheim Resort district with numerous other hotels and retail complexes. The Platinum Triangle, a neo-urban redevelopment district surrounding Angel Stadium, which is planned to be populated with mixed-use streets and high-rises. Further east, Anaheim Canyon is an industrial district north of the Riverside Freeway and east of the Orange Freeway. The city's eastern third consists of Anaheim Hills, a community built to a master plan, and open land east of the 241 tollway.
History.
Spanish and Mexican era.
The area that makes up modern-day Anaheim, along with Placentia and Fullerton, were part of the Rancho San Juan Cajón de Santa Ana, a Mexican-era rancho grant, given to Juan Pacífico Ontiveros in 1837 by Juan Bautista Alvarado, then Governor of Alta California. Following the American Conquest of California, the rancho was patented to Ontiveros by Public Land Commission. In 1857, Ontiveros sold 1,160 acres (out of his more than 35,000 acre estate) to 50 German-American families for the founding of Anaheim.
Founding.
Anaheim's name is a blend of "Ana", after the nearby Santa Ana River, and German "-heim" meaning "home", which is also a common Germanic place name compound (compare Trondheim in Norway and in Germany).
The city of Anaheim was founded in 1857 by 50 German-Americans who were residents of San Francisco and whose families had originated in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Franconia in Bavaria. After traveling through the state looking for a suitable area to grow grapes, the group decided to purchase a parcel from Juan Pacifico Ontiveros' large Rancho San Juan Cajon de Santa Ana in present-day Orange County for $2 per acre.
For $750 a share, the group formed the Anaheim Vineyard Company headed by George Hansen. Their new community was named Annaheim, meaning "home by the Santa Anna River" in German. The name later was altered to Anaheim. To the Spanish-speaking neighbors, the settlement was known as Campo Alemán ().
Although grape and wine-making was their primary objective, the majority of the 50 settlers were mechanics, carpenters and craftsmen with no experience in wine-making. The community set aside for a town center and a school was the first building erected there. The first home was built in 1857, the "Anaheim Gazette" newspaper was established in 1870 and a hotel in 1871. The census of 1870 reported a population of 565 for the Anaheim district. For 25 years, the area was the largest wine producer in California. However, in 1884, a disease infected the grape vines and by the following year the entire industry was destroyed. Other crops – walnuts, lemons and oranges – soon filled the void. Fruits and vegetables had become viable cash crops when the Los Angeles – Orange County region was connected to the continental railroad network in 1887.
Helena Modjeska.
Polish actress Helena Modjeska settled in Anaheim with her husband and various friends, among them Henryk Sienkiewicz, Julian Sypniewski and Łucjan Paprocki. While living in Anaheim, Helena Modjeska became good friends with Clementine Langenberger, the second wife of August Langenberger. Helena Street and Clementine Street are named after these two ladies, and the streets are located adjacent to each other as a symbol of the strong friendship which Helena Modjeska and Clementine Lagenberger shared. Modjeska Park in West Anaheim, is also named after Helena Modjeska.
Early 20th century.
During the first half of the 20th century, Anaheim was a massive rural community dominated by orange groves and the landowners who farmed them. One of the landowners was Bennett Payne Baxter, who owned much land in northeast Anaheim that today is the location of Angel Stadium. He came up with many new ideas for irrigating orange groves and shared his ideas with other landowners. He was not only successful, he helped other landowners and businesspeople succeed as well. Ben Baxter and other landowners helped to make Anaheim a thriving rural community before the opening of Disneyland transformed the city. A street along Edison Park is named Baxter Street. Also during this time, Rudolph Boysen served as Anaheim's first Park Superintendent from 1921 to 1950. Boysen created a hybrid berry which Walter Knott later named the boysenberry, after Rudy Boysen. Boysen Park in East Anaheim was also named after him.
In 1924, Ku Klux Klan members were elected to the Anaheim City Council on a platform of political reform. Up until that point, the city had been controlled by a long-standing business and civic elite that was mostly German American. Given their tradition of moderate social drinking, the German Americans did not strongly support prohibition laws of the day. The mayor himself was a former saloon keeper. Led by the minister of the First Christian Church, the Klan represented a rising group of politically oriented non-ethnic Germans who denounced the elite as corrupt, undemocratic, and self-serving. The Klansmen aimed to create what they saw as a model, orderly community, one in which prohibition against alcohol would be strictly enforced. At the time, the KKK had about 1200 members in Orange County. The economic and occupational profile of the pro and anti-Klan groups shows the two were similar and about equally prosperous. Klan members were Protestants, as were the majority of their opponents; however, the opposition to the Klan also included many Catholic Germans. Individuals who joined the Klan had earlier demonstrated a much higher rate of voting and civic activism than did their opponents, and many of the individuals in Orange County who joined the Klan did so out of a sense of civic activism. Upon easily winning the local Anaheim election in April 1924, the Klan representatives promptly fired city employees who were known to be Catholic and replaced them with Klan appointees. The new city council tried to enforce prohibition. After its victory, the Klan chapter held large rallies and initiation ceremonies over the summer.
The opposition to the KKK's hold on Anaheim politics organized, bribed a Klansman for their secret membership list, and exposed the Klansmen running in the state primaries, defeating most of the candidates. Klan opponents in 1925 took back local government, and succeeded in a special election in recalling the Klansmen who had been elected in April 1924. The Klan in Anaheim quickly collapsed; its newspaper closed after losing a libel suit, and the minister who led the local Klavern moved to Kansas.
Disneyland and the late 20th century.
Construction of the Disneyland theme park began on July 16, 1954, and it opened to the public on July 17, 1955. It has become one of the world's most visited tourist attractions, with over 650 million visitors since its opening. The location was formerly of orange and walnut trees. Hotels and motels began to spread and residential districts soon followed. By the mid-1960s, the city's explosive growth would attract a Major League Baseball team, with the California Angels relocating from Los Angeles to Anaheim in 1966, where they have remained since. In 1980, the National Football League's Los Angeles Rams relocated from the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum to the Angels' home field, Anaheim Stadium, playing there until their relocation to St. Louis in 1995. In 1993, Anaheim gained its own National Hockey League team when The Walt Disney Company founded the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Anaheim's population as 9.3% Hispanic and 89.2% non-Hispanic white. In the late 20th century, Anaheim grew rapidly in population. Today, Anaheim has a diverse ethnic and racial composition.
During the large expansion of the Disneyland Resort in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the city of Anaheim recognized the surrounding Anaheim Resort area as a tourist destination. It includes the Disneyland Resort, the Anaheim Convention Center, the Honda Center, and Angel Stadium.
21st century.
In 2001, Disney's California Adventure (renamed Disney California Adventure Park in 2010), the most expansive project in Disneyland's history, opened to the public. In 2007, Anaheim celebrated its sesquicentennial.
In July 2012, political protests by Hispanic residents occurred following the fatal shooting of two men, the first of whom was unarmed. Protesting occurred in the area between State College and East Street, and was motivated by concerns over police brutality, gang activity, domination of the city by commercial interests, and a perceived lack of political representation of Hispanic residents in the city government. The protests were accompanied by looting of businesses and homes.
Geography.
Anaheim is located at and is approximately southeast of downtown Los Angeles. The city roughly follows the east-to-west route of the 91 Freeway from the Orange-Riverside county border to Buena Park. To the north, Anaheim is bounded by Yorba Linda, Placentia, Fullerton, and Buena Park (from east to west). The city shares its western border with Buena Park and Cypress. Anaheim is bordered on the south by Stanton, Garden Grove, and Orange (from west to east). Various unincorporated areas of Orange County also abut the city, including Anaheim Island. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and of which (1.92%) is water.
Cityscape.
The city recognizes several districts, including the Anaheim Resort (the area surrounding Disneyland), Anaheim Canyon (an industrial area north of California State Route 91 and east of California State Route 57), and the Platinum Triangle (the area surrounding Angel Stadium). Anaheim Hills also maintains a distinct identity. The contiguous commercial development from the Disney Resort through into the cities of Orange, Garden Grove and Santa Ana has collectively been termed the Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city.
Communities and neighborhoods.
Downtown Anaheim is located in the heart of the Colony Historic District. Downtown is the administrative heart of the city where City Hall, Anaheim West Tower, Anaheim Police Headquarters, the Anaheim Chamber of Commerce and the Main Library are located. Anaheim Ice (formerly Disney Ice), the Downtown Anaheim Farmer's Market, a food hall in a historic 1919 Sunkist packing house, and the Center Street Promenade are also located in Downtown Anaheim. In late 2007, The Muzeo, the newest major museum in Orange County, opened its doors for the first time and is located next to Anaheim West Tower. Pearson Park is also located in Downtown Anaheim, and is named after Charles Pearson, who was Mayor of Anaheim during the time Walt Disney opened Disneyland in Anaheim. One of the major attractions located in Pearson Park is the Pearson Park Amphitheater. In the Colony Historic District just west of Downtown Anaheim is the Mother Colony House, which was built by George Hanson and was the first house built in Anaheim, the founder of Anaheim. Today, it is Anaheim's and Orange County's oldest extant museum. The Woelke-Stoeffel House is a Victorian mansion located next door to the Mother Colony House. Originally the Victorian Home was occupied by the Stoeffel family, early pioneer residents of Anaheim. The home served as headquarters for the local Red Cross until the early 1990s. In 2010–2011, the Woelke-Stoeffel house became refurnished and is now part of the Founder's Park complex. Founder's Park includes the Mother Colony house and a carriage house, which serves as a museum of Anaheim's agricultural history.
Climate.
Like many other South Coast cities, Anaheim maintains a borderline hot semi-arid climate (Köppen "BSh"), a little short of a Mediterranean climate (Köppen "Csa") characterized by warm winters with erratic heavy rainfalls, and hot, essentially rainless summers. The record high temperature in Anaheim is 115 °F (46 °C) on July 6, 2018 and the record low temperature is 30 °F (–1 °C) on February 15, 1990 and January 30, 2002.
Demographics.
2010.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Anaheim had a population of 336,265. The population density was 6,618.0 people per square mile (2,555.2/km2). The racial makeup of Anaheim was:
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 177,467 persons (52.8%); 46.0% of Anaheim's population was of Mexican descent, 1.2% Salvadoran, and 1.0% Guatemalan; the remainder of the Hispanic population came from smaller ancestral groups.
The census reported that 332,708 people (98.9% of the population) lived in households, 2,020 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,537 (0.5%) were institutionalized.
There were 98,294 households, out of which 44,045 (44.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 52,518 (53.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 14,553 (14.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 7,223 (7.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 6,173 (6.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 733 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 17,448 households (17.8%) were made up of individuals, and 6,396 (6.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.38. There were 74,294 families (75.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.79.
The age distribution of the population was as follows: 91,917 people (27.3%) under the age of 18, 36,506 people (10.9%) aged 18 to 24, 101,110 people (30.1%) aged 25 to 44, 75,510 people (22.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 31,222 people (9.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
There were 104,237 housing units at an average density of 2,051.5 per square mile (792.1/km2), of which 47,677 (48.5%) were owner-occupied, and 50,617 (51.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.2%. 160,843 people (47.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 171,865 people (51.1%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Anaheim had a median household income of $59,627, with 15.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.
2000.
As of the census of 2000, there were 328,014 people, 96,969 households, and 73,502 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,842.7 inhabitants per square mile (2,587.8/km2). There were 99,719 housing units at an average density of 2,037.5 per square mile (786.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 55% White, 3% Black or African American, 0.9% Native American, 12% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 24% from other races, and 5% from two or more races. 46% of the population were Hispanic or Latino.
Of Anaheim's 96,969 households, 43.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34 and the average family size was 3.75.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.
The median income household income was $47,122, and the median family income was $49,969. Males had a median income of $33,870 versus $28,837 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,266. About 10.4% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.
Economy.
Anaheim's income is based on a tourism economy. In addition to The Walt Disney Company being the city's largest employer, the Disneyland Resort itself contributes about $4.7 billion annually to Southern California's economy. It also produces $255 million in taxes every year. Another source of tourism is the Anaheim Convention Center, which is home to many important national conferences. Many hotels, especially in the city's Resort district, serve theme park tourists and conventiongoers. Continuous development of commercial, entertainment, and cultural facilities stretches from the Disney area east to the Santa Ana River, south into the cities of Garden Grove, Orange and Santa Ana – collectively, this area has been labeled the Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city and is one of the three largest such clusters in Orange County, together with the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city and Irvine Spectrum.
The Anaheim Canyon business park makes up 63% of Anaheim's industrial space and is the largest industrial district in Orange County. Anaheim Canyon is also home to the second-largest business park in Orange County. Anaheim Canyon houses 2,600 businesses, which employ over 55,000 workers.
Several notable companies have corporate offices and/or headquarters within Anaheim.
Top employers.
According to the city's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:
Retail.
Larger retail centers include the Downtown Disney shopping area at the Disneyland Resort, the power centers Anaheim Plaza in western Anaheim (347,000 ft²), and Anaheim Town Square in East Anaheim (374,000 ft²), as well as the Anaheim GardenWalk lifestyle center (440,000 ft² of retail, dining and entertainment located in the Anaheim Resort).
Sports teams.
Court battle against the Angels.
On January 3, 2005, Angels Baseball LP, the ownership group for the Anaheim Angels, announced that it would change the name of the club to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. Team spokesmen pointed out that from its inception, the Angels had been granted territorial rights by Major League Baseball to the counties of Los Angeles, Ventura, Riverside, and San Bernardino in addition to Orange County. The new owner, Arturo Moreno, believed the name would help him market the team to the entire Southern California region rather than just Orange County. The "of Anaheim" was included in the official name to comply with a provision of the team's lease at Angel Stadium which requires that "Anaheim" be included in the team's name.
Mayor Curt Pringle and other city officials countered that the name change violated the spirit of the lease clause, even if it was in technical compliance. They argued that a name change was a major bargaining chip in negotiations between the city and Disney Baseball Enterprises, Inc., then the ownership group for the Angels. They further argued that the city would never have agreed to the new lease without the name change, because the new lease required that the city partially fund the stadium's renovation, but provided very little revenue for the city. Anaheim sued Angels Baseball LP in Orange County Superior Court, and a jury trial was completed in early February 2006, resulting in a victory for the Angels franchise.
Anaheim appealed the court decision with the California Court of Appeal in May 2006. The case was tied up in the Appeals Court for over two years. In December 2008, the Appeals Court upheld the February 2006 Decision and ruled in favor of Angels Baseball. In January 2009, the Anaheim City Council voted not to appeal the court case any further, bringing an end to the four-year legal dispute.
Government and politics.
Anaheim was, at one point in time, one of the most politically conservative major cities in the United States. However, in recent years it has been moving leftward. According to the California Secretary of State, as of October 22, 2018, Anaheim has 141,549 registered voters. Of those, 58,411 (41.27%) are registered Democrats, 39,885 (28.18%) are registered Republicans, and 37,877 (26.76%) have declined to state a political party.
City government.
Under its city charter, Anaheim operates under a council-manager government. Legislative authority is vested in a city council of seven nonpartisan members, who hire a professional city manager to oversee day-to-day operations. The mayor serves as the presiding officer of the city council in a first among equals role. Under the city's term limits, an individual may serve a maximum of two terms as a city council member and two terms as the mayor.
Up until 2014, all council seats were elected at large. Voters elected the mayor and four other members of the city council to serve four-year staggered terms. Elections for two council seats were held in years divisible by four while elections for the mayor and the two other council seats were elected during the intervening even-numbered years.
In response to protests and a California Voting Rights Act lawsuit by the American Civil Liberties Union and several residents, the city placed two measures on the November 2014 ballot. Measure L proposed that council members be elected by district instead of at large. Measure M proposed to increase the number of council seats from five to seven. Both measures passed.
The current city council consists of:
Federal, state and county representation.
In the United States House of Representatives, Anaheim is split among three Congressional districts:
In the California State Senate, Anaheim is split among three districts:
In the California State Assembly, Anaheim is split among three districts:
On the Orange County Board of Supervisors, Anaheim is divided between two districts, with Anaheim Hills lying in the 3rd District and the remainder of Anaheim lying in the 4th District:
Infrastructure.
Emergency services.
Fire protection is provided by the Anaheim Fire Department, Disneyland Resort has its own Fire Department, though it does rely on the Anaheim Fire Department for support, and for Paramedic Services. Law enforcement is provided by the Anaheim Police Department. Ambulance service is provided by Care Ambulance Service.
Anaheim Public Utilities.
Anaheim Public Utilities is the only municipal owned water and electric utility in Orange County, providing residential and business customers with water and electric services. The utility is regulated and governed locally by the City Council. A Public Utilities Board, made up of Anaheim residents, advises the City Council on major utility issues.
Anaheim has decided to bury power lines along major transportation corridors, converting its electricity system for aesthetic and reliability reasons. To minimize the impact on customer bills, undergrounding is taking place slowly over a period of 50 years, funded by a 4% surcharge on electric bills.
Crime.
In 2003, Anaheim reported nine murders; given its population, this rate was one-third of the national average. Reported rapes in the city are relatively uncommon as well, but have been increasing, along with the national average. Robbery (410 reported incidents) and aggravated assault (824 incidents) rank among the most frequent violent crimes in the city, though robbery rates are half of the national average, and aggravated assaults are 68% of the average. 1,971 burglaries were reported, as well as 6,708 thefts, 1,767 car thefts, and 654 car accidents. All three types of crime were below average. There were 43 cases of arson reported in 2003, 43% of the national average.
Education.
Schools.
Anaheim is served by seven public school districts:
Anaheim is home to 74 public schools, of which 47 serve elementary students, nine are junior high schools, fourteen are high schools and three offer alternative education.
Private schools in the city include Acaciawood Preparatory Academy, Cornelia Connelly High School, Fairmont Preparatory Academy, Servite High School and Zion Lutheran School (PS2-Grade 8).
Higher education.
Anaheim has two private universities: Anaheim University and Southern California Institute of Technology (SCIT).
The North Orange County Community College District and Rancho Santiago Community College District serve the community.
Libraries.
Anaheim has eight public library branches.
Transportation.
In the main portion of the city (not including Anaheim Hills), the major surface streets running west–east, starting with the northernmost, are Orangethorpe Avenue, La Palma Avenue, Lincoln Avenue, Ball Road and Katella Avenue. The major surface streets running south–north, starting with the westernmost, are Knott Avenue, Beach Boulevard (SR 39), Magnolia Avenue, Brookhurst Street, Euclid Street, West Street/Disneyland Drive, Harbor Boulevard, Anaheim Boulevard, East Street, State College Boulevard, Kraemer Boulevard, and Tustin Avenue.
In Anaheim Hills, the major surface streets that run west–east include Orangethorpe Avenue, La Palma Avenue, Santa Ana Canyon Road, and Nohl Ranch Road. Major surface streets that run north–south include Lakeview Avenue and Fairmont Boulevard. Imperial Highway (SR 90) and Yorba Linda Boulevard/Weir Canyon Road run as south–north roads in the city of Anaheim, but north of Anaheim, Imperial Highway and Yorba Linda Boulevard become west–east arterials.
Seven Caltrans state-maintained highways (in addition to the aforementioned surface streets SR 39 and SR 90) run through the city of Anaheim, four of which are freeways and one being a toll road. They include the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5), the Orange Freeway (SR 57), and the Riverside Freeway (SR 91). The Costa Mesa Freeway (SR 55), and the Eastern Transportation Corridor (SR 241 toll road) also have short stretches within the city limits.
Anaheim is served by two major railroads, the Union Pacific Railroad and the BNSF Railway. In addition, the Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center (ARTIC), a major regional transit station near Honda Center and Angel Stadium, serves Amtrak, Metrolink, and several bus operators, and the Anaheim Canyon Metrolink station serves Metrolink's IEOC Line. ARTIC is a proposed stop on the proposed California High-Speed Rail network.
The Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) provides bus service for Anaheim with local and county-wide routes, and both OCTA and Los Angeles County Metro operate bus routes connecting Anaheim to Los Angeles County. Also, Anaheim Resort Transit (ART) provides local shuttle service in and around the Anaheim Resort area, serving local hotels, tourist attractions, and the Disneyland Resort. Disney GOALS operates daily free bus service for low-income youth in the central Anaheim area. A proposal for streetcar service along Harbor Boulevard was rejected in 2018.
Anaheim is equidistant from John Wayne Airport and Long Beach Airport (15 miles), but is also accessible from nearby Los Angeles International (30 miles), and Ontario (35 miles) airports.
Sister cities.
Anaheim has the following sister cities:


Pungeoje

Pungeoje is a term used for a number of traditional Korean rites related to fishing. In seaside communities, rituals to summon aid from guardian spirits, send off boats, encourage a bounteous catch and ensure a safe return to harbour are still practiced. Often these rituals involve music and dancing, and forms of traditional Korean theatre. "Pungeoje" is one of the Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea.
In the south and east, the most common rite is the "byeolsin-gut", a two-part ceremony with both Confucian and shamanistic elements which is intended to placate the spirits of the village. In the west, particularly in Hwanghae, the favoured rite is the "daedong-gut", a communal event involving dancing and masked drama. In some areas, such as Incheon, the two are performed together, the "byeolsin-gut" on a boat in order to improve the catch, and the "daedon-gut" on land to ensure the good health and prosperity of the village.


Anonymous Athonite

Anonymous Athonite (also known in Serbia as Nepoznati Svetogorac; late 14th to mid-15th century) was Isaija the Monk's biographer and one of the many unidentified authors of Medieval works. It is assumed that he wrote "The Life of the Elder Isaiah" (Isaija) in the Russian monastery of St. Panteleimon Monastery on the Holy Mountain (Mount Athos), shortly after the death of Isaiah, since he was well acquainted with various moments of the youth and monastic life of Isaiah, being his contemporary and perhaps his colleague or disciple as well. The text is known from a transcript from the 15th century, located at Hilandar Monastery. Another work is attributed to him, the translation of the Books of Kings, in 1415.


Emiratis

The Emiratis () are the native population and citizens of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Their largest concentration is in the UAE, where there are about 1 million Emiratis.
Formerly known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, the UAE is made up of seven emirates, each of which had a dominant or ruling family. Abu Dhabi was home to the Bani Yas tribal confederation; Dubai settled in 1833 by an offshoot of the Bani Yas, the Al Bu Falasah; Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah to the Al Qasimi or Qawasim; Ajman to the Al Na'im and Fujeirah to the Sharqiyin.
History.
The United Arab Emirates is a union of seven emirates in which their history is entwined with various empires, such as those of Portugal and the United Kingdom. The Romans also exerted influence in the Persian Gulf. Envoys from the Islamic prophet Muhammad saw the islands convert to Islam around 630 C.E.
Later in the 16th century the Portuguese would battle the then dominant force in the Persian Gulf, the Safavid dynasty, for control of the region. During the 17th century, the Ottomans took control of the islands and UAE was known as the "Pirate Coast." By the 19th century, the British Empire had taken complete control of the land then called the Trucial States. Oil was discovered in 1959. The Trucial States were under the control of the British Empire until 1971. Consequently, with weakening British control, the Trucial States became the UAE in 1971 with Ras al-Khaimah joining in 1972.
The term "Emirati" comes from the plural of the Arabic word "emirate" (), with adding the suffix "-i". Each emirate is ruled by a Sheikh. The Bani Yas tribe forms the basis of many clans within the UAE. Sub-clans of the Bani Yas include
The term "Emirati" also refers to Arabs with origins in the UAE. Many modern Emirati names are derived from these tribal names or offshoots of these tribes, for instance Mazroui (from Mazari), Nuaimi (from Naim) and Al Sharqi (from Sharqiyin).
Emiratism.
Emiratism (or Emirianism) is the advocacy of Emirati national identity. The government introduced a scheme in order to promote Emiratism by giving them jobs in the private sector and encouraging them to join private sector establishments in the workplace. This is accomplished through several means, such as increasing the visibility of Emirati culture, by preserving Emirati cultural identity, and by preferentially employing Emiratis in the workforce. The latter policy is referred to as Emiratisation by the government.
Lexicology.
The word Emirati is a word derived from a combination of the word emir, which means "prince," and the Greek suffix "-ate". It gradually came to mean the United Arab Emirates. The demonym Emirian has a similar root from except with the suffix "-ian" being added to emir. Rarer Emirian demonyms and adjectives include "Emiri" and "Emiratian", both of which are unofficial and informal alternatives. However, due to strong tribal allegiances, many Emiratis also self-identify by their tribal affiliations. Historically, Emiratis were called "Trucial Coasters" or "Trucials". Emirians from ancient history are called Maganites.
National symbols.
Falcon training is one of the UAE's national symbols. These birds can be seen on the coat of arms of the United Arab Emirates. They were traditionally used for hunting, and trained by the Bedouin tribes. Most Emiratis view Sheikh Zayed as an essential component of Emirati nationalism, Emiratis are proud of their nation's global name associated with tourist prospects, prefer interactions with fellow nationals, most are computer literate and adult Emiratis past born in the 21st century are more likely to be bilingual There are many landmarks and sculptures in the country of teapots, water jugs and coffeemakers to symbolize the hospitality of the Emirati people. Due to the pearl-diving history of the Emirates, nautical sailing and other activities at sea are sometimes emphasized. Due to its prominence throughout Emirati history in cultivation, datefruits play an important role in Emirati life. Another national symbol is the Arabic coffee pot with the elongated thin spout called a Dallah; a sign of Emirati generosity.
Demographics.
The population of the UAE as of 2019 was 9.7 million with a minority being Emiratis. UAE nationals make up 1 million. Statistics for UAE nationals in 2018 as it follows:
Non-emirati origin populations form the vast majority of the UAE (88.52%) and is composed of expatriates, with the largest groups hailing from South Asian countries such as India (2.62 million), Pakistan (1.21 million) and Bangladesh (706,000). There are also nationals of other GCC and Arab countries who live in the UAE. Members of other Asian communities, including Iran (454,000), the Philippines (530,000).
Languages.
Emirati Arabic is a variety of Arabic used in the UAE. Emiratis speak Emirati Arabic, Balochi, Shihhi Arabic and Mehri.
The Larestani language (Persian dialect) is also spoken by a number of Emiratis.
Culture.
Emirati culture is based on Arab culture and has been influenced by the religion Islam. Arabian influence on Emirati culture is noticeably visible in traditional Emirati architecture. Ever since the 20th century, the country has become more cosmopolitan and aspects of Western culture are very visible here.
Values.
The influence of Islamic culture on Emirati architecture, music, attire, cuisine and lifestyle are very prominent as well. Five times every day, Muslims are called to the prayer from the minarets of mosques which are scattered around the country.
Some oriental educationists and cultural academics have stated that luxuriousness and some extravagance is a feature of the Emirati culture.
Music and dance.
Emirati music varies to each area although most are on folklore's, some cultural dances are the horbya which well known all over the United Arab Emirates, The Ayala which is well known in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Other music is shalat which does not involve any type of instruments.
Religion.
Islam is the largest and the official state religion of the UAE and the government follows a policy of tolerating existence of other religions, through the Ministry of Tolerance.
There are approximately 31 churches throughout the country, one Hindu temple in the region of Bur Dubai, 2 Sikh Gurudwaras,(with the biggest one located in Jebel Ali district of Dubai), and a Buddhist temple in the Al Garhoud of Dubai. Emiratis are all Muslims, approximately 90% of whom are Sunni and the remaining 10% are Shia.
The government gives freedom to people to choose their significant others.
Diaspora.
Emirati ancestry, the result of emigration, also exist in other parts of the world, most notably in the Arabian Peninsula, Europe and North America. Population estimates are seen to have a very small diaspora, mainly because the UAE provides them with more than adequate welfare benefits, removing the need to live and work in other developed countries.


Cambridge Intelligencer

The Cambridge Intelligencer was an English weekly newspaper, appearing from 1793 to 1803, and edited by Benjamin Flower. The historian J. E. Cookson called it "the most vigorous and outspoken liberal periodical of its day".
Flower suffered imprisonment for contempt of the House of Lords, for remarks made in the "Intelligencer" against Richard Watson, bishop of Llandaff. His case followed that of Gilbert Wakefield, followed a different procedure, and had a temporary chilling effect on radical publishing at the end of the 18th century.
Editorial policy.
The "Intelligencer" first appeared on 20 July 1793, and from the start opposed the French Revolutionary Wars. It was one of a number of provincial journals opposed to the administration of William Pitt the Younger; and managed to sustain its editorial independence. It opposed the Anglo-Irish Union.
The "Intelligencer" was considered to represent the standpoint of rational dissent, and was called "the most infamous paper that ever disgraced the press", by the "Anti-Jacobin". By 1796 James Montgomery was asking the editor acting for him not to reprint material from the "Intelligencer". Flower was able to continue editorial work while confined to Newgate Prison in 1799, lodging with the gaol keeper John Kirby.
The paper ran editorials, an innovation associated with the radical press of this period. Flower was anticipated in this development, which had been in use for a few years in the "Sheffield Register" of Joseph Gales, the "Derby Mercury" of William Ward, and Montgomery's "Sheffield Iris".
Advertisements.
The advertising content of the "Intelligencer" was light, but included promotions related to Stourbridge Fair. The publisher Martha Gurney advertised the trial transcripts of her brother Joseph. A work of Thomas Oldfield on electoral boroughs was given space by Flower. James Lackington advertised his second-hand book emporium.
Circulation.
The "Intelligencer" functioned for a time more like a national newspaper, with circulation handled by representatives in Carmarthen, Dartmouth, Glasgow and York. The copies sold rose at times to more than 2000, when a typical provincial newspaper would expect several hundreds. There was distribution during 1795–7 in Leeds, for example, by Thomas Langdon.
Initially the paper cost 3"d", but a change in the newspaper tax in 1797 brought the price up to 6"d".; and the circulation dropped, on the paper's own figures, from about 2,700 to the region of 1,800. In 1798 the paper still claimed it could be bought in 45 market towns. There was a significant market in Scotland.
Contributors.
Others who contributed or who were quoted in the "Intelligencer" included: George Dyer, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Christopher Wyvill. Parliamentary reports were typically based on the "Morning Herald". There was much verse, and the publication has been seen as a place where "few poets can refuse themselves the luxury of extended moral comment or political instruction".
Influence.
The "Leeds Mercury" of Edward Baines, and then the "Manchester Guardian" founded by John Edward Taylor, carried on the reformist line of the "Intelligencer". Flower's model for a radical paper was tried again in Cambridge for a few years around 1820, by Weston Hatfield in his "Cambridge and Hertford Independent Press". He had support from, among others, George Pryme.


Chalood Nimsamer

Chalood Nimsamer (, 2 May 1929 – 4 June 2015) was a Thai artist, working in sculpture, painting, drawing and prints. He was named National Artist in visual arts (sculpture) in 1998.
He graduated from the Poh Chang School of Arts and Crafts and received a Bachelor of Arts, First Class Honors (Sculpture) from Silpakorn University. He also earned Diploma of Fine Arts from the Art Institute of Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome, Italy. When he studied at the Silpakorn University, he was the first batch of students of Professor Silpa Bhirasri (The Father of Modern Arts in Thailand). His outstanding work includes the sculpture "Olkutra" which is displayed in front of the entrance to the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center, the sculpture "Silver Bullet Money" (photduang) displayed in front of the Kasikorn Bank office and the sculpture "Phrabrom Phothisompharn" at Huachiew Chalermprakiet University.
Biography.
Chalood Nimsamer was born on 2 May 1929 in Thonburi Province.
On 4 June 2015 (86 years old), he died of lung infection at 18:45 at Siriraj Hospital.
He had the knowledge and ability to create valuable works of art including paintings, sculptures and prints. He was a professor of drawing, painting, sculpture, graphic art, composition, color theory, perspective, etc. and also served as Dean of the Faculty of Painting at Silpakorn University. Apart from teaching and administration work, he also created works of art in painting, sculpture, printmaking and mixed media with artistic value. He received a number of awards of gold, silver and bronze medals both at home and abroad. He was honored as an excellent artist of painting at the 10th National Exhibition in 1959.
Books.
Apart from creating many creative works of art, he also authored two books:


Dambar (name)

Dambar is a Nepalese given name. Notable people with the name include:


Ruth Ann Baldwin

Ruth Ann Baldwin was a journalist who became a silent film writer and director active during the 1910s, one of the few women to direct in the early era of filmmaking. Despite the fact that she was one of the first female directors in America, not much is known about her, but the work she did in the 1910s was relevant to the society she lived in.
Early life.
Ruth Ann Baldwin was born in September 1886 in West Suffield, Connecticut. She was raised by her single mother, Abby Baldwin. She attended school in San Diego, California, before forging a career as a journalist. Baldwin later married actor Leo Pierson, who appeared in many of the films she directed, including her two feature films, "A Wife on Trial" and "'49–'17".
Career.
In 1913, Universal Film Manufacturing Company hired Baldwin as a writer. She wrote scenarios for a number of films produced over the next few years, beginning with "Damon and Pythias" (1914). Most of the films for which she received writing credit are shorts, but Baldwin also contributed to feature-length films.
In December 1914, Universal sent Baldwin to London to assist E. Phillips Oppenheim with turning his, "The Black Box" into a 15-episode serial. Phillips was an experienced novelist, but "The Black Box" was the first of his works to be adapted for film and Baldwin had gained a reputation for scenario expertise.
In August 1916, after working for Universal for several years as a writer and a six-month stint as a film editor, Baldwin became a director for Universal. Her first directorial effort was "The Mother Call" (1916), a one-reel drama.
In 1917, she directed a feature-length film called "A Wife on Trial". Based on the novel "The Rose Garden Husband", and starring her husband and Mignon Anderson, the film centers on a girl who dreams of owning a garden and ends up marrying a paralyzed man who owns one. Critic Robert C. McElravy of "Moving Picture World" opined, "... it gets over extremely well and will please the average audience immensely".
"49–'17".
In 1917, Baldwin began work on writing and directing a silent film called "49–'17," which she is most known for. It was the first Western directed by a woman. The film was five reels, and according to "The New York Clipper", it was "being produced on a more elaborate scale than any play she has yet handled". Based on the short story "The Old West Per Contract", it starred Joseph Girard and Leo Pierson. It centers on a secretary working for a judge to restore an abandoned town, but falls in love with a local woman. The film was thought of as a generic genre film upon its release; however, most critics still enjoyed the film.
A reviewer for "Exhibitor Herald" in 1917 described the film as "boresome", and wrote that 49–'17 is one of those productions which makes one move from one side of the seat to the other, open and close, and then finally drop off to sleep without the slightest effort".
A more current review of "49–'17" by Cullen Gallagher was positive toward the film, saying "Beyond its irrefutable historical significance, '49–'17 stands out for its clever reworking of traditional Western mythology at a time when the cinematic genre was still in its infancy".
Post-directing.
"49–'17" is considered Baldwin's final directorial effort. Following "49–'17", Baldwin left Universal and returned to screenwriting. From 1919 until around 1921, Baldwin wrote scenarios and screenplays for many more films.
In June 1921, Baldwin joined the Clubhouse of the Screen Writers Guild, and was elected to the board of directors.


Lipa Schmeltzer

Lipa Schmeltzer ( "Elazar Lipa Schmeltzer", ; born March 17, 1978) is an American singer, entertainer, and composer. He is a headliner in Hasidic as well as modern Jewish communities worldwide and "the Lady Gaga of Hasidic music". , Schmeltzer has released 17 solo albums.
Family background.
Lipa Schmeltzer grew up in the Chasidic enclave of New Square, New York a village in Rockland County, New York. His grandfather, a Chasidic farmer in pre-war Hungary, was murdered during World War II, leaving his father, Reuven, an orphan at the age of 13. Reuven Schmeltzer was one of the 1,684 Jews who escaped Nazi-controlled Hungary on the Kastner train and spent time in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp before being released in Switzerland. He and his wife had 12 children, of whom Lipa is the second-youngest.
Lipa married his wife, Miriam, also a native of New Square, on August 27, 1998. They have four children.
Musical career.
After his wedding, Schmeltzer tried to find work as a "badchen" (entertainer) for weddings. Though he had no formal musical training, he began performing at weddings and bar mitzvahs in the Haredi Chasidic communities of upstate New York and Brooklyn. He earned a reputation as a natural performer, and began releasing recordings and videos. The first, "Nor B'Simcha" (Just Be Happy), was released shortly after his wedding. With his thick, round eyeglasses and sidelocks, "outlandish" outfits, and comical YouTube videos, he has rocketed to stardom in the Hasidic music world.
Schmeltzer's music has both gained popularity and generated controversy within the American Chasidic community due to the fusion of traditional Chasidic music and lyrics with contemporary music styles. His performance range includes "hard-driving rock tunes, jazzy shuffles, pseudo-rap numbers, solemn prayers, klezmer dances and jokey skits, accompanied by a nine-piece band and a troupe of actors". He writes lyrics in English, Hebrew, and Yiddish. Schmeltzer's concerts are not gender-segregated, as is the norm in Hasidic circles
He has been criticized for introducing "too modern" musical styles to the Hasidic community. Opponents contend that Schmeltzer's identity as a "bona fide" Hasid makes him more appealing to a wider Hasidic audience and therefore more likely to introduce contemporary music to their community, which tends to be insular and more reserved.
Benefit performances.
Schmeltzer frequently contributes his talents for Jewish benefit performances. He has also written songs and performed in response to tragedies within the Hasidic community. After Chabad shluchim Gavriel and Rivka Holtzberg were murdered in a 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai and their two-year-old son Moishe was saved, he wrote the song "A Letter to Moishe'le". He was part of an all-star group of Jewish musicians who produced a musical tribute to Sholom Rubashkin after the latter's conviction in federal court in 2010. Following the 2011 murder of Leiby Kletzky in Brooklyn, he released a ballad called "Leiby Forever" and a seven-minute music video depicting home movies of Kletzky growing up.
"The Big Event" controversy.
In February 2008, a large amount of publicity was generated for a concert at Madison Square Garden's WaMu Theater in New York City featuring Schmeltzer and Shloime Gertner, under the playbill "The Big Event". On 20 February, a full-page notice was printed in the "Hamodia", the most prominent Haredi newpaper. The notice stated that it was "a serious prohibition to attend or perform" at the concert which would lead to "ribaldry and lightheadedness" and added that it was "forbidden to hire these singers to sing at any party, celebration or charity event".
Following speculation over whether Schmeltzer would cancel the concert due to the ban, on 26 February it was confirmed that he was canceling his performance. He was quoted by "The New York Times" as saying, "I have a career, I have a wife and kids to support, I have a mortgage to pay, I have to get out of the fire". At the same time, Schmeltzer pulled out of a concert scheduled for later that month in London with other singers.
In an interview in June 2008, Schmeltzer stated: "I made a Kiddush Hashem and I don’t regret it. But if I had known the truth about how things were presented to the "gedolei hatorah", I would not have cancelled the concert." Schmeltzer said that "Many gedolei hatorah have told me that people came to them with false information regarding my concert: they said it would have mixed dancing or mixed seating."
In 2009, one of the most prestigious rabbis who signed the document, Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky, told "The Jewish Star" newspaper that he had no problem with Lipa: "As far as I know he is an "ehrliche Yid" [a truly devout Jew]."
Three months after the controversy, Schmeltzer released his next album, titled "A Poshiter Yid" (A Simple Jew), with a cover image and songs that portrayed him as a tradition-minded, Torah-observant Jew instead of the rock idol portrayed by the ban. Since that release, Schmeltzer's concert and recording schedules have increased.
Shortly after the cancellation of "The Big Event", promoters began planning another concert with the scaled-down name "The Event", which went off without controversy before a sell-out crowd at Madison Square Garden's WaMu Theater on March 1, 2009. Later the same year, Aderet Records released a double CD and DVD of "The Event".
Other activities.
In 2010, Schmeltzer built a synagogue, Beis Medrash D'Airmont, in the village of Airmont, New York.
Schmeltzer attended Rockland Community College, a two-year school which is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. He pursued a dual associate degree in performing arts and liberal arts. On May 18, 2014 he graduated with a GPA of 3.902.
In April 2014 Schmeltzer received a Chancellor's Award of Excellence, which is considered to be "the highest honor bestowed upon the student body."
In 2014, Schmeltzer was studying Creative Writing and Visual Art at Columbia University's School of General Studies. Lipa graduated from Columbia University in May 2018 with a Bachelor of Arts degree Magna Cum Laude.
In December 2011, Schmeltzer sang at Mayor Michael Bloomberg's annual Hanukkah party at the Jewish Heritage Museum, accompanied by the Freilach Orchestra.
In December 2015, Schmeltzer sang at the annual White House Hanukkah Party, and promised President Barack Obama a special gift, a gold and silver yarmulke. In May 2016 Schmeltzer traveled to Washington, D.C. and delivered Obama the promised gift of a gold and silver yarmulke.
In 2016, Schmeltzer appeared in an Israeli television ad for Pepsi Max.
In December 2016, Schmeltzer sang "God Bless America" in Yiddish (as "Gott Bensch Amerike") in Brooklyn Borough Hall at the inauguration of New York Civil Court Judge Rachel Freier.
In September 2017, Reuven Schmeltzer, Lipa's father, died and the Skverer Rebbe came to be "menachem avel" (to console the mourner) with him while Sitting Shivah.