Barry Holloway

Sir Barry Blyth Holloway, KBE (26 September 193416 January 2013) was an Australian-born Papua New Guinean politician.
Early life.
Sir Barry, a sixth generation Tasmanian, was born in Kimberley, Tasmania on 26 Sep 1934, to Betty (née Blyth) and Arch Holloway, in the homestead "Armitstead", the same house where his mother was born. He was educated in Kimberley, Launceston Church Grammar School and Hobart High School.
Kiap.
In 1953 aged 18 he went to Papua New Guinea as a 'Kiap' (Patrol Officer), fell in love with the place, has made PNG his home ever since, and even relinquished his Australian citizenship to become a PNG citizen in 1975 when PNG gained independence from Australia (PNG do not allow dual citizenship). He spent most of his life in Port Moresby and in the Eastern Highlands (Kainantu and Goroka).
His first posting, or one of his early postings was over in Bougainville, where he experienced some of the sort of the challenges and the rigours of being a Kiap, being combination of policeman, judge, jury, social worker and development official.
In a recent interview with ABC, the late Sir Barry said: "We started a six-week orientation course. We were given basic multi-functional activities to do, such as learning how to map, how to handle government stores and all sorts of clerical work which really dampened our spirits somewhat, because we were coming up for high adventure," he said. After two years with a senior patrol officer on the island of Bougainville, he was sent off on his own to man a remote outpost in Madang Province.
In 1960, Sir Barry worked as a Patrol Officer with Graham Pople as well as the District Officer at Kainantu. There was one Land Rover allocated to all officers and often the District Officer would use the vehicle. Mr. Pople states;
Politician.
In 1968, Papua New Guinea having begun a transition towards self-government, he was (along with Albert Maori Kiki, Michael Somare and Tony Voutas) a founding member the Pangu Pati, "the first real political party in Papua New Guinea", which went on to become one of the country's main political parties. In the 1968 general election, he was elected to the House of Assembly as MP for Kainantu.
Following the 1972 general election, he was elected as the first Speaker of the House. Papua New Guinea became fully independent from Australia in 1975, at which time he assumed Papua New Guinea citizenship and surrendered his Australian passport. He became the first Speaker of the National Parliament, until the 1977 general election, in which he retained his seat in Parliament but was appointed Minister of Finance by Prime Minister Michael Somare. He retained the position in Cabinet under Prime Minister Julius Chan from 1980 to 1982. In 1985, he was one of several MPs to leave the Pangu Pati.
He was still active in politics shortly before his death, standing unsuccessfully for the position of Governor of the Eastern Highlands Province in the 2012 general election, losing to Julie Soso. He died of prostate cancer in hospital in Brisbane on 16 January 2013. In accordance with his wishes, he was buried next to his parents at his birthplace, Kimberley, Tasmania; the burial took place on Australia Day, 26 January 2013.
Komuniti Kaunsil Bisnis.
Sir Barry assisted establish the "Farmers' and Settlers' Co-operative" and promoted communal ownership of business with government involvement resulting in people from Kainantu and Obura-Wonenara contributing to 'Komuniti Kaunsil Bisnis' and acquired various plantations. Under Sir Barry, the cooperative acquired more than 40% of a competing company that was opposed to the cooperative ideology (Farmset). The cooperative became a dominant force in Kainantu.
Komuniti Kaunsil Bisnis, Kainantu owns Farmset Limited and has 200 employees, 10 branches, headquarters in Goroka and a distribution network that spreads beyond PNG to other markets in the south-west Pacific.
Kainantu Hotel.
Sir Barry's portrait hangs in the conference room of the Kainantu Hotel. It is believed that Sir Barry built and managed this hotel. Following his death, the hotel is owned and operated by Komuniti Kaunsil Bisnis
Personal.
Sir Barry had 12 children that he acknowledged, but is believed to have had four others. His first wife, with whom he had three children, was Australian; his other wives were Papua New Guinean.
Awards.
Holloway was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1975 Birthday Honours. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 1984 New Year Honours.


Helen Desha Beamer

Helen Kapuailohia Desha Beamer (September 8, 1882 – September 25, 1952) was a musician, composer of songs in the Hawaiian language, hula dancer and coloratura soprano of Hawaiian ancestry. Her descendants have also become accomplished artists in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 1928, her duet of "Ke Kali Nei Au" with Sam Kapu Sr. on Columbia Records was the first commercial recording of the Charles E. King composition. She was inducted into the Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame in 1995.
Early life.
Helen Kapuailohia Desha was born on September 8, 1882, in Honolulu, on the island of Oahu, in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Her parents were George Langhern Desha and Isabella Hale'ala Miller. Her mother and grandmother, Kapuailohiawahine Kanuha Miller, taught hula in secret when the dance was banned. Her grandmother was a notable hakumele, Hawaiian for composer of music. Helen was a graduate of Kamehameha School for Girls, where the school's music director noted her talent as a pianist and as a song composer. Kamehameha Schools was established by the estate of Bernice Pauahi Bishop to provide education for children of Hawaiian ancestry.
She was also the organist at Haili Church in Hilo.
Professional career.
She had a coloratura soprano range and was a recording artist for Columbia Records. In 1928, she and artist Sam Kapu Sr. made the first commercial recording of the "Hawaiian Wedding Song," which had been written by composer Charles E. King as "Ke Kali Nei Au". She was the composer of numerous songs in the Hawaiian language that are still being recorded by contemporary Hawaiian artists.
Personal life and legacy.
Helen Desha married Peter Carl Beamer of Hilo. The couple had five children. She was the matriarch of a musical dynasty that includes her grandson, falsetto singer Mahi Beamer, who was inducted into the Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame in 2006; granddaughter Winona (Nona) Beamer; and Nona Beamer's two sons, Keola and Kapono. She died in 1952 and is buried at Homelani Memorial Park in Hilo.
In 1995, she was inducted into the Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame.
Compositions (partial list).
Source: allmusic


Golden Pennies

Golden Pennies is an Australian-British television series which screened in 1985 on ABC and ITV. The series starring Carol Drinkwater and Bryan Marshall, The eight part series followed the adventures an English family who travel to Australia to seek their fortune in the Victorian goldfields in the 1850s.
It was executive produced by Christopher Muir, written by Graeme Farmer and directed by Oscar Whitbread.


David I of Klarjeti

David I () (died February 23, 943) was a Georgian prince of the Bagratid dynasty of Tao-Klarjeti who ruled, with the title of "mampali", in Adjara and Nigali from 889 and in Klarjeti from 900 until his abdication in 943.
David was the oldest son of Sumbat I, founder of the Klarjeti line of the Bagratids. Upon Sumbat’s death in 889, David’s younger brother Bagrat I became a successor in Klarjeti, while David’s holdings were confined to the less important territories of Adjara and Nigali. With Bagrat’s death in 900, David retrieved Klarjeti with its key fortress and trading town of Artanuji. He abdicated in favor of his son Sumbat II and died as a monk in 943.
David is mentioned by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in his "De Administrando Imperio" which renders David's title in Greek as "mampalis" (μάμπαλις) and incorrectly translates it as "all-holy".


Aaron Sherritt

Aaron Sherritt (August 1854 – 26 June 1880) was an associate of the gang of outlaws led by Ned Kelly in Victoria, Australia.
Personal life.
Aaron Sherritt was born in the Melbourne suburb of Prahran in August 1854, to Irish migrants John and Agnes Ann (née Nesbitt) Sherritt. He was the eldest of 13 children. He grew up in the Woolshed near Beechworth and was a childhood friend of Kelly gang member Joe Byrne. On 26 December 1879, Sherritt married fifteen-year-old Ellen "Belle" Barry.
Kelly Gang.
On 26 October 1878, Ned, his brother Dan, Joe Byrne and Steve Hart were outlawed by the colony of Victoria after ambushing a party of police and murdering three policemen at Stringybark Creek. By some accounts, Sherritt offered to join the gang but was talked out of it by Ned Kelly and Joe Byrne.
He was a friend of the outlaws, but gained the trust of Police Superintendent Francis Hare. Traditional accounts of the Kelly Gang portray him as a traitor, but many of the police suspected he was a double agent working for the Kelly Gang. Detective Mick Ward actively worked to increase tensions between Sherritt and the Kelly Gang.
Death and aftermath.
Sherritt had made an agreement with Superintendent Francis Hare to accompany him and a party of police to observe the Byrne home in the Woolshed district. They hoped to spot the Kelly gang coming to visit and for Sherritt to obtain the reward for their capture, which now stood at eight thousand pounds. However, after weeks of watching, there was still no sign of the Kelly gang. Unfortunately, Joy Byrne's mother stumbled upon the police camp while gathering kindling. She now knew that Sherritt was an informer.
On 26 June 1880, Sherritt was at home with his pregnant wife, mother-in-law and four policemen, Constables Robert Alexander, Henry Armstrong, Thomas Dowling and William Duross. The police were using the Sherritt residence as a base of operations to watch the neighbours' house, belonging to the mother of Joe Byrne. A neighbour, Anton Wick, who had been handcuffed and held hostage by Joe Byrne and Dan Kelly, called out "Aaron" at the back door of Sherritt's hut. When Sherritt answered it, Byrne shot him at point-blank range in the neck and chest with a double-barrel percussion shotgun. Byrne and Kelly then held the household captive in the house for 2 hours, threatening to burn it down. They then released Anton Wick and stole back into the bush.
Aaron Sherritt's youngest brother was also named Aaron. The younger Aaron Nesbitt Sherritt was born in 1883, after the first Aaron had been shot dead.


Awali Ungunaibe

Awali Ungunaibe (1947 – 1975) was a Papua New Guinean chief and politician. He served as a member of the House of Assembly between 1972 and 1975.
Biography.
Ungunaibe was born in Kun in the Southern Highlands in 1947. Speaking both Tok Pisin and Enga, he worked as an interpreter and domestic servant between 1964 and 1971.
Ungunaibe contested the constituency in the 1972 elections. Although he was in second place after the first count, he won after preferences were distributed and was elected to the House of Assembly. He sat in the House as a member of the United Party.
He died of lung cancer in early 1975 aged 28. Following his death, claims were made that he had been killed by sorcery committed by his political rivals. His brother Tombol won the resulting by-election.


Dubai Motor Festival

The Dubai Motor Festival is a festival launched by the Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing of Dubai in 2013. According to sources around 500 cars were paraded at the festival in a bid to promote tourism in the region.


Two Arabian Knights

Two Arabian Knights (1927) is an American comedy film, directed by Lewis Milestone and starring William Boyd, Mary Astor, and Louis Wolheim. A silent film, "Two Arabian Knights" was produced by Howard Hughes and was distributed by United Artists. The screenwriters were James T. O'Donohue, Wallace Smith, and George Marion Jr.
The film won the only Academy Award for Best Comedy Direction in 1929. The next year, AMPAS merged the categories Best Director of a Comedy Picture and Best Director of a Dramatic Picture to form the category Academy Award for Best Director.
Plot.
During the First World War, two American soldiers become trapped in no man's land. Expecting to die, W. Dangerfield Phelps III (William Boyd) decides to fulfill his fondest desire: to beat up his sergeant since training camp, Peter O'Gaffney (Louis Wolheim). While they are brawling, the Germans sneak up and capture them.
In a German prison camp, the two become friends when Phelps takes responsibility for an unflattering caricature he drew of a guard, rather than let O'Gaffney take the blame. The two escape, stealing the white robes of Arab prisoners to blend in with the snow. However, they encounter (and are forced to join) a group of similarly garbed Arab prisoners being sent by train to Constantinople.
Near the end of their journey, Phelps creates a distraction, and the two men jump off, landing in a hay wagon. When the hay is loaded onto a ship bound for Arabia, so are they. The stowaways are discovered, but the skipper (Michael Visaroff) is satisfied when Phelps pays him their fare.
When a small boat founders nearby, Phelps jumps in to try to rescue an Arabian woman, Mirza (Mary Astor). Both he and the woman have to be saved by O'Gaffney. The two soldiers and the skipper vie for the veiled woman's affections. Phelps eventually coaxes her into removing her veil, and is entranced by her beauty. Meanwhile, the woman's escort observes this development with disapproval. The skipper insists on being paid for Mirza's fare, but none of the three have any money left. They hold him off as best they can.
When they reach their destination, the skipper refuses to let Mirza debark without paying, so O'Gaffney robs the purser (Boris Karloff) to get the money. Mirza is met by Shevket Ben Ali (Ian Keith); Mirza informs Phelps that her father has arranged for her to marry Shevket. They depart. The Americans jump overboard when the skipper discovers what happened to his purser.
The two men head for the American consul, but leave hastily without speaking to him when they find the skipper already there lodging a complaint. They decide to seek the assistance of Mirza's father the Emir, who turns out to be the governor of the region. However, Mirza's escort has told him and Shevket that Phelps has seen her without her veil. Outraged, the Emir sends his men to bring the Americans back to be executed. Unaware of this, the two soldiers saunter into the Emir's palace. Phelps reads Mirza's warning note in time, and the two escape.
When Phelps sets out to rescue Mirza, O'Gaffney shows true friendship and accompanies him. They are trapped by Shevket and his men, but when Mirza threatens to kill herself, Shevket proposes they settle this with a duel in which only one of the pistols is loaded. Phelps agrees and fires first; his gun is unloaded. Mirza is made to leave the room. Then Shevket reveals that both guns are empty; he did not wish to wager his life with a "dog". He exits, leaving his men to dispose of Phelps. The two men overcome their captors, relieve Shevket of Mirza, and ride away.
Production.
The movie was filmed in the United States.
Preservation.
The film was long thought lost before being located in Howard Hughes' film collection after his death. "Two Arabian Knights" was preserved by the Academy Film Archive, in partnership with UNLV, in 2016.


Bathurst rebellion

The Bathurst rebellion of 1830 was an outbreak of bushranging near Bathurst in the British penal colony (now the Australian state) of New South Wales.
The rebellion involved a group of escaped convicts who ransacked villages and engaged in shootouts over the course of two months. Led by 25-year-old English-born convict Ralph Entwistle, the group numbered up to 80 men at its peak, making it the largest convict uprising in New South Wales history since the Castle Hill rebellion of 1804. The rebels became known as the Ribbon gang on account of Entwistle wearing "a profusion of white streamers about his head".
Background.
Entwistle was a Bolton labourer convicted of stealing clothing and transported to New South Wales in 1827. After arriving in Sydney, he and a few other convicts were assigned to squatter John Lipscombe and sent across the newly traversed Blue Mountains to work on his land, near Bathurst. In November 1829, Entwistle and another assigned servant drove one of their master's bullock drays to Sydney Markets to deliver wool, and on returning to Bathurst, in the heat of the day, stopped for a skinny dip in the Macquarie River. Governor Ralph Darling and his party, then touring Bathurst, happened to pass by the bathing convicts, who were subsequently hauled before the Police Magistrate of Bathurst, Thomas Evernden, and charged with "causing an affront to the Governor", despite Darling not having seen the incident. Entwistle and his companion were each sentenced to a public flogging of 50 lashes. This experience left Entwistle embittered, and within a year, he had taken up bushranging and persuaded other convicts to join him.
The rebellion.
In late September 1830, Entwistle and his men began raiding farms, seizing firearms and liberating convicts in the process. The gang had grown to 50 members by the time they arrived at the farm of Thomas Evernden, seeking revenge, but the magistrate was absent. When the farm's overseer, James Greenwood, refused to allow Evernden's convict servants to join the gang, Entwistle and his men threatened to shoot him dead. Greenwood still refused, saying they were "not game enough" to shoot him, at the same time baring his chest. Entwistle and two other bushrangers, Gahan and Kearney, fired immediately, killing Greenwood.
When news of the murder reached Bathurst, the locals met at the courthouse to rally support for the settlement's six troopers. Twelve men volunteered, including pastoralist and politician William Henry Suttor, who was chosen as the volunteers' leader, with his brother Charles second in command. By this stage, the Ribbon Gang had trekked to the Abercrombie River, and at Trunkey Creek, the hard core of the group, led by Entwistle, splintered off and headed for the Abercrombie Caves. Most of the other forcibly recruited convicts returned to their assigned farms. Suttor's volunteers, together with the troopers under the command of Major Donald McPherson, set out for the caves, passing through stations the gang had ransacked, and the next day near sundown, with the assistance of two Aboriginal trackers, found and cornered the gang—now reduced to 20 men. Over 300 shots were fired in the ensuing gunfight, and several men on both sides were wounded, at least two bushrangers mortally. As night fell, the volunteers were forced to retire to Bathurst, allowing time for the Ribbon Gang to move to a more secure location beyond the caves—a bald hill, now known as Bushranger's Hill.
The next battle of the Bathurst Rebellion involved a police party led by Lieutenant James Brown of the 57th Regiment of Foot. The bushrangers claimed a victory, killing two of Brown's constables and five of his horses. As Brown and his men returned to Bathurst, military reinforcements were called for; 130 British Army soldiers from the 39th Regiment of Foot began the march from Sydney whilst members of the New South Wales Mounted Police were dispatched from Goulburn via the convict-built Tuena Road. The Ribbon Gang continued to raid homesteads and attract recruits as they moved through Cowra, and in the vicinity of Galong, near Boorowa, encountered the mounted troopers from Goulburn, commanded by Lieutenant John McAllister. Men from both sides were wounded in the gun battle that followed, including McAllister, who was shot in the thigh. The troopers retreated to their police barracks at Bong Bong, taking three wounded bushrangers prisoners with them. The Ribbon Gang was now exhausted and depleted of men, and once the combined military force from Bathurst and the infantry regiment from Sydney arrived, the remaining bushrangers either dispersed or surrendered.
Aftermath.
On 30 October 1830, the bushrangers were put on trial in the Bathurst Court House by the order of Governor Ralph Darling. They were tried by a Special Commission and a jury of military officers, with His Honor the Chief Justice of New South Wales Francis Forbes present.
Ralph Entwistle, William Gahan, Michael Kearney, Patrick Gleeson, Thomas Dunn and John Shepherd were convicted of the murder of James Greenwood and hanged. The remaining bushrangers— Robert Webster, James Driver, Dominic Daby and John Kenny— were hanged for plundering farmhouses. The public execution took place on 2 November in Bathurst on the site of what is now known as Ribbon Gang Lane. After being kept on display for a day "as a warning", the bodies were buried in two mass graves, five in each.
Legacy.
Australian folk and country singer Lionel Long included a song titled "Bathurst Rebellion" on his 1963 album "The Bold Bushrangers".
Bibliography.
Books
Webpages


Remember Pearl Harbor

Remember Pearl Harbor is a 1942 American propaganda film directed by Joseph Santley and written by Malcolm Stuart Boylan and Isabel Dawn. The film stars Don "Red" Barry, Alan Curtis, Fay McKenzie, Sig Ruman, Ian Keith and Rhys Williams. "Remember Pearl Harbor" was released on May 18, 1942, by Republic Pictures.
Plot.
On November 16, 1941 at the La Dessa U. S. army post in the Philippines, a Japanese aircraft carrier off the coast transmits a coded message to the contraband radio of Nazi spies who stick the message in a bottle of German liquor called Kümmel. The message states a Japanese battleship is approaching Pearl Harbor, Private Steve "Lucky" Smith (Don "Red" Barry) meets his fellow soldiers Bruce Gordon (Alan Curtis) and "Portly" Porter (Maynard Holmes) in the Casa Marina bar, where Lucky and Steve try to attract Portly's sister, Marcia (Fay McKenzie). Portly arranges for Marcia to be the secretary to Andy L. Anderson (Rhys Williams), the owner of the bar. A businessman named Littlefield (Robert Emmett Keane) slips into Marcia's booth to read the message in the Kümmel bottle. Lucky comes to her defence by attacking Littlefield, with Bruce and Portly joining the fight.
Captain Hudson (Ian Keith) orders the soldiers to find the spy's radio. Though Lucky is in charge, he soon returns to the bar to find Marcia. Bruce and Portly, meanwhile, pick up a coded radio transmission from a Japanese boat and follow the beam to Littlefield's hideout. A gunfight erupts where Portly is killed and Littlefield escapes. When Lucky later admits to the captain that he was not there, the captain court-martials him and promotes Bruce to corporal. Lucky escapes from jail and soon after, Anderson, one of the spies, meets with Van Hoorten (Sig Ruman), another Nazi posing as a Dutch Indian. They discuss a plan to stockpile ammunition and gas for the Japanese troops who will invade.
Anderson is to kill Littlefield and arrange for the gas to be transported to their warehouse, but when Lucky turns to Anderson for help, Anderson slyly tips him off to Littlefield's hideout. That night, Lucky attacks Littlefield but Anderson shoots him, then gives Lucky the job of transporting some "crude oil" to his warehouse.
On the way, Bruce stops Lucky's truck and asks him to turn himself in. At the warehouse, Lucky realizes that his cargo is gasoline. Marcia and Lucky sneak into Van Hoorten's office that night and find ammunition and a Nazi flag. Van Hoorten bursts in and Lucky shoots him.
Bruce, who has tracked Lucky to the warehouse, hears a radio announcement that Pearl Harbor has been bombed. Before the three can leave, Japanese aircraft land nearby and the soldiers enter the office with Anderson. The three Americans escape, find a radio and send Captain Hudson a message for help.
When the American troops arrive, Hudson spots another Japanese aircraft carrier in the bay. Lucky courageously saves the Americans by flying a Japanese aircraft into the carrier in a suicide mission. Bruce receives a Distinguished Service Cross while Marcia collects the award on Lucky's behalf.
Production.
Principal photography on "Remember Pearl Harbor", took place from March 12 to April 6, 1942.
Reception.
Reviewer Herbert Cohn of the "Brooklyn Daily Eagle" wrote:
"Remember Pearl Harbor" underneath its title, is a phony. It isn't about Pearl Harbor at all. ... [It is] about fifth columnists in the Philippines, a few thousand miles west of Pearl Harbor. And it isn't even a good picture about fifth columnists. It is pokey, except when the Japanese arrive toward the end and the army garrison at Manilla comes to life to be trapped by them.
Bosley Crowther in his review of "Remember Pearl Harbor" for "The New York Times", despaired,"Pearl Harbor is something to remember, but Republic's 'Remember Pearl Harbor' definitely is not. For this cheap little action drama, which popped into Loew's Criterion yesterday, has nothing to recommend it save its title, nothing in the way of a story that isn't old. ."


MV Free Enterprise III

MV "Free Enterprise" III was a Ro-Pax vessel built in 1966 as a cross-channel ferry, operated by Townsend Thoresen mainly on the Calais and Zeebrugge routes from Dover. She was sold to Egyptian owners in 1986 and wrecked in the Red Sea in 2004.
History.
Townsend Brothers.
"Free Enterprise" III was built in 1966 by I.C.H. Holland, Werf Gusto Yard, Schiedam, Netherlands, for Townsend Brothers Ferries. In 1968, the company became European Ferries, continuing to operate services as Townsend Thoresen.
Isle of Man Steam Packet Company.
In 1984, "Free Enterprise" III was sold to Maltese owners, Mira Shipping Line, Valletta, and renamed "Tamira". She returned to UK waters later the same year when she was purchased by the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company. Renamed "Mona's Isle", the sixth vessel in the company's history to bear the name, she entered service following alterations which saw additional accommodation added. Her service life saw her plying on the company's main Douglas - Heysham schedule with her service commencing in April 1985. However her short-comings were quickly identified. Numerous problems persisted, not least in docking the vessel which required the services of the Laxey Towing Company. Her time in Steam Packet service was brief and the "Mona's Isle" was laid up in October 1985.
Sadaka Shipping.
She was sold again in April 1986, to Egyptian owners, Sadaka Shipping, who renamed her "Al Fahad". She served in Saudi Arabia for another twelve years. Suffering engine problems in June 2004, she anchored in the Red Sea and was subsequently abandoned as a wreck 35km south of Jeddah.
Service.
"Free Enterprise" III operated on the Dover-Calais service, adding Dover-Zeebrugge from 1967. During the summer of 1974, she spent time on the Cairnryan-Larne route. In summer 1981, "Free Enterprise" III operated between Portsmouth and Cherbourg.


Tandarra

Tandarra is an Australian television series which screened on the Seven Network in Australia in 1976 and on ITV (including the London Weekend Television and Anglia regions) in the UK. It was a follow-up series to "Cash and Company" which screened in 1975 and consisted of 13 one-hour episode. "Tandarra" and "Cash and Company" were set during the Victorian gold rush period of the 1850s.
The change in format and title was necessitated by the departure of Serge Lazareff who played the title character Sam Cash in the original series "Cash and Company". Two of the original characters continued in "Tandarra": Joe Brady (Gus Mercurio) and Jessica Johnson (Penne Hackforth-Jones). The other main character was Ryler (Gerard Kennedy). who had been introduced in the final episode of "Cash and Company". He had been a bounty hunter who was later convinced of Joe's innocence and decided to join him.
The title was taken from the name of the homestead owned by Jessica, and the series primarily dealt with the adventures of running the large farming property. The premise of the first series, namely that Joe and Sam were fugitives from the law and were being assisted by Jessica, was totally removed. No reference to the Sam Cash character was ever made in this series. The previous antagonist, the corrupt police trooper, Lieutenant Keogh (Bruce Kerr) only appeared in the first episode of "Tandarra", and the character of Jessica's servant, Annie (Anne Scott-Pendlebury) only appeared in the second.
Patrick Edgeworth said later he felt the series was hurt by the fact the leads were no longer fugitives from the law, which reduced the tension. The series was released in Australia on DVD in May 2015 by Umbrella Entertainment.


John Haglelgam

John Richard Haglelgam (born August 10, 1949 in Eauripik, Yap) was the second President of the Federated States of Micronesia.
Background and earlier life.
He was born on August 10, 1949 on the island of Eauripik in Yap State. He attended Eauripik Elementary School and the Outer Islands High School on Ulithi, Yap from 1964–1968. In 1968, he received an AFS scholarship to spend his senior year at Beaverton High School in Beaverton, Oregon. After graduating from Beaverton High School in 1969, Mr. Haglelgam enrolled at the University of Hawaii where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science in 1973. He attended Willamette University College of Law in Salem, Oregon for one year and returned home to run for a seat in the Congress of Micronesia House of Representatives to represent the Outer Islands of Yap. After serving a term in the House of Representatives, Haglelgam returned to the University of Hawaii at Manoa as a graduate student sponsored by the East West Center. Haglelgam was at the University of Hawaii when he was re-elected to a second term in the House of Representatives. He received a Master of Arts degree in Political Science in the spring of 1977. One year after his unsuccessful bid for reelection in 1991, Mr. Haglelgam attended Harvard’s Kennedy School where he received a master's degree in Public Administration (MPA) in 1993.
Mr. Haglelgam began his sixteen years of service to the people of Micronesia in 1974 when he successfully ran for a seat in the House of Representatives of the Congress of Micronesia. Mr. Haglelgam was a member of the House of Representatives until the ratification of the FSM Constitution in 1978. He was a member of the Interim Congress until the election for members of the First Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia in 1979. After the late Petrus Tun’s election to the FSM vice presidency, Mr. Haglelgam ran successfully as a write-in candidate for the vacant Yap’s at-large seat in the FSM Congress. Haglelgam served two terms in the FSM Congress. During his last term, he served as the floor leader.
President of the Federated States of Micronesia.
On May 12, 1987, the Fifth FSM Congress elected Haglelgam as the second president of the Federated States of Micronesia to succeed the late Tosiwo Nakayama.
Haglelgam also served as Chairman of the FSM Delegation to the United Nations Law of the Sea Conference. He attended many meetings of the Conference on behalf the Federated States of Micronesia. He served as a staff member of the Micronesian Constitutional Convention in 1977. In 1981, he served as the Vice President of the Yap State Constitutional Convention.
Academia.
After his unsuccessful reelection bid in 1991, Haglelgam became an instructor in the Division of Social Science at the national campus of the College of Micronesia-FSM. In February 1992, the Board of Regents of the College appointed him as Regent Professor. In the summer of 1992, Haglelgam took an educational leave from the college to attend the John Fitzgerald Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University as a Mason Fellow. At the College of Micronesia-FSM, Haglelgam teaches government and politics, Micronesian history, world history, and East Asian history. During the fall semester of 1995, Haglelgam taught at MARC at the University of Guam as a visiting professor. In 1997, he spent three months at the Australian National University as the Distinguish Senior Pacific Scholar.
Other activities.
Haglelgam served as the president of the 3rd FSM Constitutional Convention in 2001.
In August 2018, Haglelgam spoke out against the Chuukese independence movement prior to the referendum scheduled for 2019. He described proponents of independence as "clinical crazy people".
Personal life.
Haglelgam is married to Paula Ori from Uman Island in Chuuk Lagoon. They have two sons, William Haglelgam and John Paul Ori and one daughter, Tess P. Haglelgam. He is an active member of the Harvard Alumni Association (HAA) and the East-West Center Association.


Al-Wathiq II

Al-Watiq II () was the ninth Caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1383 and 1386.


SS Elingamite

SS "Elingamite" was an Australian passenger steamer of 2,585 tons, built in 1887, and owned by Huddart Parker. The ship was wrecked on 9 November 1902 off the north coast of New Zealand carrying a large consignment of gold. Now the "Elingamite" wreck is a favourite site for adventurous divers because of the drama associated with it, and wild tales of lost treasure.
Ship history.
"Elingamite" arrived at Sydney, on 22 November 1887, having departed from Newcastle upon Tyne in England on 24 September, where she had been built by C.S. Swan & Hunter. She was a steel-hulled screw steamer long, in the beam, with a depth of .
She was powered by triple-expansion compound steam engines, built by the Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Company, which gave her a top speed of . There was accommodation for 100 passengers in 1st class, and another 100 in steerage. The Victorian government had selected her for use as an armed cruiser, and she had fittings in place for four Armstrong 36-pounder guns (two forward and two aft), and machine-guns amidships. She was schooner-rigged on two pole masts.
The sinking.
"Elingamite" left Sydney early on Sunday morning, 5 November 1902, on the regular Tasman Sea run between Sydney and Auckland. Captain Ernest Atwood was in charge. On board were 136 passengers and 58 crew, and a consignment of 52 boxes of coins for banks in New Zealand, including 6,000 gold half-sovereigns.
The voyage was uneventful until mid-morning on the 9th when the ship suddenly encountered thick fog. Captain Atwood took necessary precautions, but the vessel struck West Island, one of the islands in the Three Kings group, about north of Cape Reinga on the northern tip of mainland New Zealand.
The vessel foundered and sank within 20 minutes, but those on board managed to escape in lifeboats and rafts, some taking survivors to King Islands and some to the mainland. One lifeboat was never seen again. 45 people were killed (28 passengers and 17 crew) when the ship foundered. A party of 75 people from three boats landed on a rocky ledge on the middle King Island and after two days were picked up by the SS "Zealandia" and taken to Auckland. A raft and a fourth boat reached the Great King island and a fifth boat with 52 people on board sailed to Houhora on the North Island, 80 miles away.
Aftermath.
A court of enquiry into the sinking began at Auckland on 28 November and lasted about two months. Captain Atwood was found guilty of grossly negligent navigation (and on other matters), and his master's certificate was suspended.
Eight years later the Australian Naval Station reported that the Three Kings were wrongly charted. In 1911, the "Terra Nova" surveyed the area and established the Three Kings group to be a mile and a quarter south, and a third of a mile east, of their position shown on Captain Atwood's chart.
The enquiry was reopened and the court found that the sinking would never have happened had the chart been accurate. Captain Atwood was cleared of all charges and later became a ship surveyor at Wellington.
Salvage.
Over the years there have been exaggerated claims that there was unregistered bullion aboard, and inflated tales about the true value of the coins on board when she sank. It was worth £17,320 (approximately equivalent to $2 million in 2004 US dollars) which was a lot of money, but less than claimed by urban legends. For almost 30 years the Elingamite wreck has been a favourite site for adventurous divers and although widely dispersed and now relatively scarce, some coins have been recovered. The late Kelly Tarlton ran several salvage expeditions to this wreck, during which explosives may have been used to free non-ferrous metals from solidifying precipitate and ferrous corrosion.
The wreck is now privately owned, having passed through several hands after auction of the rights to the wreck by the original insurance company.


Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan

Nusrat al-Din Muhammad ibn Ildeniz (), better known as Muhammad Jahan-Pahlavan (, "Muhammad, the champion of the world"), was the ruler ("atabeg") of the Eldiguzids from 1175 to 1186. He was the son and successor of Eldiguz, and was later succeeded by his brother Qizil Arslan.
After the death of Shams al-Din Eldiguz, in 1175, the Seljuq Sultan Arslan Shah tried to escape from the yoke of the Grand Atabeg of Azerbaijan but failed, and was poisoned to death by Shams ad-Din's son, the new Grand Atabeg Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan (1174–1186). Pahlavan transferred his capital from Nakhchivan to Hamadan in western Iran, and made his younger brother, Qizil Arslan Uthman, the ruler of Azerbaijan. In 1174, Qizil Arslan captured Tabriz, which subsequently became his capital.
Jahan Pahlavan suppressed all rebellious emirs and appointed faithful mamluks to key positions. He apportioned each of them any region or town as Iqta. The twelve years of his rule are considered the most peaceful period of the state's existence. Under his reign the central power was strengthened and no foreign enemy invaded the territory belonging to the Atabegs. Friendly relations with Khwarazm Shahs, the rulers of Central Asia, were founded. All those facts had positive influence on the development of science, handicraft, trade and arts.


Sergius II of Constantinople

Sergius II (; ? – July 1019) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from July 1001 to 1019.
According to the history of John Skylitzes, he was a relative of the celebrated 9th-century patriarch Photius. In 1001, he was abbot of the Monastery of Manuel, which had been re-founded by Photius, when he was elected to fill the patriarchal see (June/July).
According to the later legend, Sergius II was in the conflict with the Pope Sergius IV.
According to Skylitzes, he died in July 1019. His successor was Eustathius.


USS Sotoyomo (YTM-9)

USS "Sotoyomo" (YTM-9/YT-9/Harbor Tug No.9) was a harbor tug built at the turn of the twentieth century. She saw service in both World War I and World War II and was heavily damaged by the Attack on Pearl Harbor. The name "Sotoyomo" commemorates a part of the war-like Sioux tribe of Indians. "Sotoyomo" was the oldest vessel at Pearl Harbor in service at the time of the attack.
History.
"Sotoyomo" was laid down 2 March 1903, at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, she was launched 20 August 1903. She served in both World War I and World War II.
Attack on Pearl Harbor.
"Sotoyomo" was in floating dry dock with undergoing overhaul when Pearl Harbor was attacked 7 December 1941. Explosions and fires on "Shaw" greatly damaged "Sotoyomo" which resulted in total submersion. Originally "Sotoyomo" was deemed a total loss, but she was later refloated, repaired, and rehabilitated.
Further service in World War II.
"Sotoyomo" served throughout World War II in various locations across the Pacific.


Visa policy of Niue


USS Patterson (DD-392)

USS "Patterson" (DD-392), a , was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Daniel Todd Patterson, an officer of the US Navy who served in the Quasi-War with France, First Barbary War, and the War of 1812.
Construction and commissioning.
"Patterson" was laid down 23 July 1935 by the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington; launched 6 May 1937; sponsored by Miss Elizabeth P. Patterson; and commissioned 22 September 1937, Commander Francis T. Spellman in command.
Service history.
Pre-war.
"Patterson" departed Puget Sound Navy Yard 26 November 1937, calling at San Francisco en route to Pearl Harbor, arriving 7 December. She returned to Puget Sound 22 December, trained in coastal waters until 31 March 1938, then cruised to Hawaii. She arrived at San Pedro from Hawaii 28 April for operations along the western seaboard and combined fleet maneuvers that once took her through the Panama Canal and into the Caribbean Sea. On 3 June 1940 she set course to patrol in the Hawaiian Sea Frontier area from Pearl Harbor to Midway and Palmyra. This duty continued for the next 18 months except for periods on the west coast for overhaul and training.
World War II.
Pearl Harbor.
"Patterson" was moored at Pearl Harbor when the Japanese carrier-based planes attacked on 7 December 1941. Her gunners sped to battle stations, opened fire, and blasted one Japanese plane out of the sky. Within an hour, the destroyermen were searching for possible Japanese submarines off the harbor entrance.
"Patterson" patrolled the Hawaiian Sea Frontier in the screen of aircraft carrier Saratoga without finding trace of the Japanese. On 28 December, returning from patrol, she rescued 19 survivors of merchant ship "Marimi" adrift for several days after having been torpedoed by a Japanese submarine.
1942.
In the following weeks, her duties included convoy of reinforcements for the garrison on Canton Island, Phoenix Group, and hasty voyage repairs at Pearl Harbor. She departed 5 February 1942 bound in the screen of cruiser "Pensacola" for rendezvous with the "Lexington" carrier task group in the southwest Pacific. She rescued a "Lexington" pilot as air strikes were launched on the Japanese stronghold at Rabaul, New Britain, 20 February. The carriers rained devastation on the Japanese bases at Lae and Salamaua, New Guinea, 10 March, then proceeded to Pearl Harbor.
"Patterson" sailed from Pearl Harbor 7 April for overhaul in the Mare Island Naval Shipyard. She returned to Pearl Harbor 17 May and was underway five days later, en route by way of Noumea, New Caledonia, to join Admiral Richmond K. Turner’s Expeditionary Task Force preparing in Australia for the invasion of the Solomons. On 22 June she got underway from Brisbane for final staging and amphibious warfare rehearsals in the Fiji Islands, then set course in the screen of attack transports carrying Marines to the Solomon Islands.
Guadalcanal.
"Patterson" helped guard attack transports 7 August as they landed Marines on Guadalcanal, later opening fire to help repel more than twenty attacking horizontal bombers. Several enemy planes fell in flames. Then Japanese torpedo planes came in and hit destroyer . On 8 August "Patterson" gunners shot down four enemy torpedo planes while protecting the transports, but destroyer was damaged and transport was lost.
As "Patterson" fought off aerial raiders, seven enemy cruisers and a destroyer raced down the slot of water formed by the Solomon Islands Chain and stretching southward from the Japanese base at Rabaul. By midnight of 8 August, the Japanese task force was only from Savo Island, having been undetected since early morning.
Battle of Savo Island.
"Patterson" was south of Savo Island and Florida Island, with a US-Australian group of three heavy cruisers and two destroyers. To their north were the heavy cruisers , USS "Vincennes", USS "Quincy" and two destroyers. Driving rain slashed the waters between the northern force and ships of the southern force.
The Japanese task force slipped past two picket destroyers, entered Savo Sound, and ran head-on into "Patterson", whose patrol task group included the Allied southern group, composed of the heavy cruiser HMAS "Canberra" and USS "Chicago", and the destroyer "Bagley". At 0143, 9 August, Patterson radioed the alarm: "Warning! Warning! Strange ships entering the harbor!" But Japanese cruisers had already launched torpedoes and opened gunfire, disabling "Canberra".
"Patterson" repeated her warning by blinker and opened up her guns. She received a 5-inch return salvo from the enemy that knocked out her Number 4 gun, killed 10 men, injured eight others, and damaged the deck and the Number 3 gun.
"Patterson’s" gunners continued shooting until the enemy, flinging torpedoes, split formation, and raced northeast in a pincer movement on the northern force of three cruisers. Cruisers "Vincennes", "Astoria" and "Quincy" were lost. The Japanese now sped northward for return to Rabaul, New Britain, catching destroyer "Ralph Talbot" in her path. "Ralph Talbot" fought off the attack until she took cover in a rain-squall. The Japanese suffered only minor damage to four warships in the Battle of Savo Island that cost the Allies four cruisers, and severely damaged cruiser "Chicago" and destroyer "Ralph Talbot".
"Patterson" assisted HMAS "Canberra" and took part in rescue work before proceeding to Nouméa, New Caledonia, arriving 14 August. "Patterson" immediately put to sea with the "Saratoga" carrier task group to help guard the approaches to Guadalcanal, until a Japanese submarine damaged "Saratoga", and she returned to Pearl Harbor. "Patterson" helped guard HMAS "Australia" to Brisbane, arriving 3 September. She performed patrol and escort duty off the Great Barrier Reef with an Australian-American force of cruisers and destroyers.
1943.
She rescued 19 survivors of the torpedoed SS "Fingal" 5 May 1943, then escorted merchantman SS "Pennant" to Nouméa, New Caledonia, She arrived 13 May to patrol approaches to Guadalcanal in the screen of carriers "Saratoga" and . This duty was followed by innumerable convoy escort and patrol missions ranging from Guadalcanal south to Australian ports, and to the South Pacific island bases in the New Hebrides Islands and Nouméa, New Caledonia. The morning of 25 July, she joined four other destroyers in bombarding Lambeti Plantation, near the Munda air strip on New Georgia Island.
The evening of 25 August Patterson was helping guard a convoy bound from the New Hebrides Islands toward the lower Solomons. A warning pip on her radar screen brought her into action against a diving Japanese submarine. Her sonar picked up the underwater enemy, and depth charge patterns exploded in the sea. "Patterson" sent her last depth charge barrage on its way, and five minutes later she was rewarded by a deep underseas boom, presumably silencing the enemy. This differs from other sources which state that the "I-25" was sunk less than a year later by one or more of the destroyers , USS "Patterson", which were involved in the naval engagement on 3 September 1943 off the New Hebrides islands approximately northeast of Espiritu Santo. Which American ship sank the "I-25" remains unknown.
"Patterson" next escorted troop transports from Nouméa, New Caledonia, to the New Hebrides, patrolled off Guadalcanal out of Purvis Bay, Florida, Solomon Islands. The night of 24 September she helped guard an amphibious landing convoy to Vella Lavella Island, then departed to escort high-speed transports to Rendova Island. She soon turned back to Vella Lavella Island at full speed, having received word that unloading tank landing craft there were under enemy air attack. The attack had ceased by the time she reached the scene, but she launched motor whaleboats with medical and rescue parties to aid the wounded.
The night of 29/30 September "Patterson" proceeded up the slot to destroy enemy barge traffic. Destroyer "McCalla", after ripping into radar contacts with gunfire, attempted to rejoin the destroyer task unit formation, but suffered a steering casualty and unavoidably collided into the port bow of "Patterson". Three men in "Patterson" were killed and ten injured by the force of the collision that almost severed "Patterson’s" bow. The broken section parted as she slowly proceeded towards base, breaking off just forward of gun mount No. 1. Both ships entered Purvis Bay for emergency repairs, thence to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides Islands, where "Patterson" received a false bow. On 3 December she put to sea, touching the Samoan and Hawaiian Islands en route to the Mare Island Naval Shipyard, arriving 22 December. Coincidentally, the commander of the USS "McCalla" was LCDR Halford A. Knoertzer (Annapolis ’32), who was the first lieutenant on the USS "Patterson" when she was commissioned in 1937.
1944.
"Patterson" stood out of San Francisco Bay 8 March 1944 with a convoy that entered Pearl Harbor 15 March. Training with fast attack carriers in Hawaiian waters was followed by similar battle rehearsals out of Marshall Island ports in preparation for the Marianas Campaign. On 6 June Patterson departed Majuro Atoll en route to Saipan with the "Bunker Hill" Carrier Task Group. She joined in the preinvasion bombardment of Saipan, then guarded troop transports sending in assault troops for the initial invasion of Saipan 15 June. On approach of the Japanese Mobile Fleet, she became a unit of the anti-aircraft screen around the Fast Carrier Task Force whose pilots shot down hundreds of Japanese carrier-based planes, in a series of actions known as the “Great Marianas Turkey Shoot,” before they could reach the American Fleet.
The few enemy planes that managed to get past the American carrier pilots met curtains of anti-aircraft fire from Patterson and her sister ships. The destroyer helped guard American attack carriers through 21 June as they pursued the fleeing Japanese fleet, decisively defeated in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, then turned back to help protect the approaches to Saipan. She provided night illumination fire for advancing troops on Saipan, then bombarded enemy targets on nearby Tinian Island.
Bombardment support and anti-submarine patrol continued off Saipan and Tinian until 9 August. "Patterson" then called briefly at Apra Harbor, Guam, en route to Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshalls. There, she joined the screen of fast carriers that struck hard at enemy bases on Iwo Jima and in the Western Caroline Islands. She participated in the bombardment of Yap Island 8 September. From there she proceeded to the Palau Islands to guard fast carriers giving direct support to the landing troops there until 9 October.
After replenishment at Manus, Admiralty Islands, "Patterson" made a high-speed run with attack carriers to blast enemy defenses on Okinawa and the entire Kerama Retto chain. From there the fast carrier task forces approached the Philippines to rain destruction on enemy air installations in Northern Luzon, thence proceeded to the coast of Formosa for air strikes launched 12 October. That evening and through the following day, Patterson helped fight off and destroy enemy aerial raiders that approached her carrier task group.
From Formosa, the carriers sped back to Luzon where "Patterson" helped drive off attacking enemy dive bombers that made a near miss on carrier "Franklin". On 20 October her carrier task group gave direct air support to troops landing at Leyte to begin the liberation of the Philippine Islands. As the Japanese Fleet approached the Philippines in a three-pronged attack, 24–25 October, her carrier task force hit hard at the Japanese Southern Force of battleships, cruisers, and destroyers, struck at the even more powerful Japanese Central Force aiming at the Central Philippines, then raced north to destroy the Japanese decoy carrier task force in the Battle off Cape Enganno, 25 October. She joined in the pursuit of enemy fleet units fleeing the Battle for Leyte Gulf, then helped fight off the suicide attacks of Japanese kamikaze aircraft 30 October. She rescued men blown into the water from the damaged carriers "Franklin" and "Belleau Wood", escorting the damaged carriers safely to Ulithi in the Caroline Islands, arriving 3 November.
"Patterson" helped protect attack carriers providing air cover to convoys approaching the Philippines until 9 December. She then proceeded independently to Kossol Roads, Palau Islands. There, she joined the screen of an escort carrier-bombardment task group that sailed 10 December to provide heavy gunfire support and air cover for the initial landings on Mindoro Island. For seven days the destroyer remained in the Sulu Sea, fighting off frequent suicide attacks of enemy aerial raiders that closed her carrier task group formation. There was a brief replenishment at Palau before Patterson again sailed with escort aircraft carriers, this time to support the invasion landings at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, Philippines.
1945.
She rescued survivors of the kamikaze-damaged escort carrier "Ommaney Bay" 4 January 1945, and survivors of destroyer "Stafford" and escort carrier "Manila Bay" the following day. She shot down a suicide plane diving on carrier "Salamaua" 13 January, remaining on guard for carriers in support of the Lingayen Gulf invasion landings until the 17th. She then proceeded to Ulithi in the Carolines to prepare for the impending invasion of Iwo Jima.
"Patterson" departed Ulithi 10 February for final battle rehearsals and staging in the Marianas, thence in the screen of escort carriers covering the amphibious expeditionary troops for the landings on Iwo Jima, 19 February. She rescued 106 survivors of the escort carrier Bismarck Sea, sunk by enemy torpedo plane attacks off Iwo Jima 21 February. The fighting destroyer remained off Iwo Jima with escort carriers until 10 March, then set course for Ulithi to prepare for the capture and occupation of Okinawa, the “last stepping stone” to Japan.
"Patterson" sailed from Ulithi the morning of 21 March, en route with a support unit of seven escort aircraft carriers that gave direct cover to troops storming ashore at Okinawa 1 April. She shot down an enemy suicide plane that attacked escort carrier Lunga Point 2 April and continued to guard the escort carriers as they pounded enemy troop concentrations and installations through 29 April. When her sonar gear became inoperative 29 April, she set course for repairs at Apra Harbor, Guam. She put to sea from Apra Harbor 4 June, escorting battleship "New Mexico" as far as Leyte in the Philippines, There she joined a troop and supply reinforcement convoy bound to Kerama Retto. By 12 June she had rejoined the escort carriers giving direct support to troops until the bitter contest for Okinawa was won.
"Patterson" returned to Leyte for repairs then headed for Saipan, Mariana Islands. This was her base for escort-patrol missions reaching to Okinawa, Guam, and towards the Marshalls until the close of hostilities with Japan.
Post-war.
On 16 August she departed Saipan as escort for battleship "New Jersey" bound to Manila, thence to Buckner Bay, Okinawa. She departed Buckner Bay 8 September, touching Saipan, Eniwetok, and Pearl Harbor, en route to San Diego, California, arriving 26 September. The following day she got underway to transit the Panama Canal for the eastern seaboard. She arrived in the New York Naval Shipyard 11 October 1945.
Decommissioning and disposal.
"Patterson" decommissioned at the New York Naval Shipyard on 8 November 1945. She remained in reserve until her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register 25 February 1947. She was sold for scrapping 18 August 1947 to the Northern Metals Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Honors and awards.
"Patterson" received 13 battle stars for World War II service.


Sahib Husain Mikali

Sahib Husain Mikali (), was an Iranian statesman from the Mikalid family, who served the Ghaznavids and later the Seljuqs.
Biography.
Sahib is first mentioned as in sources as serving as the ra'is of his native city, Nishapur. In 1035, the Ghaznavid ruler Mas'ud I sent an army under Begtoghdi and Sahib Husain against the Seljuqs, who were stationing near Sarakhs. A battle shortly ensured, which resulted in the withdrawal of most of the Ghaznavid troops under Begtoghdi, while Sahib Husain continued to fight the Seljuqs, but was also defeated and was captured by the Seljuq Chaghri Beg. Sahib Husain later served as the "vizier" of the Seljuq ruler Tughril. His period as a vizier was only short; in 1054/5 he was replaced by al-Kunduri as the vizier of Tughril, and nothing is known about him after.


Al-Mustakfi I (Cairo)

Al-Mustakfi I () was the third Caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1302 and 1340.
In his reign opened the island of Arwad on the coast of the Levant opposite the city of Tartus (Tartous today), and saved from the hands of the Crusaders Gang, the last of their positions in the Levant. In the second half of the month of Sha'ban of the same year (702 AH) the princes began to arrive from Egypt, and the tatar groups began to flow towards the country. Bilad al-Sham, the army fled from Aleppo and Hama towards Damascus, and the Tatars arrived in Homs and Baalbek, and met Sheikh Islam Ibn Taymiyah with the soldiers of Hama fleeing in Qatifah.
Al-Assaker came out of Damascus on 24 Shaban and camped in Al-Kaswa, in order to avoid the city of Damascus, the desolation and the assault on children and the disabled men and the women's captivity, and because the lawn was too much water at that time is not suitable for fighting. The armies came from Egypt and met with the people of Sham in the area of Al-Kaswa, and at the head of these armies the Caliph "Al-Mustaqf" and Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun. On the second Saturday of Ramadan, these armies met in Marj Al-Safar. He asked the people of Damascus to protect the walls and maintain security and cling to the citadel.


Battle of Didgori

The Battle of Didgori was fought between the armies of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Great Seljuq Empire at the narrow place of Didgori, 40 km west of Tbilisi, on August 12, 1121. The large Muslim army, under the command of Ilghazi, was unable to maneuver, and suffered a devastating defeat due to King David IV of Georgia’s effective military tactics.
The battle at Didgori was the culmination of the entire Georgian-Seljuk wars, and led to the Georgians’ reconquest of Tbilisi in 1122. Soon after that David moved the capital from Kutaisi to Tbilisi. The victory at Didgori inaugurated the medieval Georgian Golden Age and is celebrated in "The Georgian Chronicles" as a ( "dzlevay sak'virveli" lit. the "miraculous victory"). Modern Georgians continue to remember the event as an annual September festival known as Didgoroba ("[the day] of Didgori").
Prelude.
The Kingdom of Georgia had been a tributary to the Great Seljuq Empire since the 1080s. However, in the 1090s, the energetic Georgian king David IV was able to exploit internal unrest in the Seljuq state and the success of the Western European First Crusade against Muslim control of the Holy Land, and established a relatively strong monarchy, reorganizing his army and recruiting Kipchak, Alan, and even Frankish mercenaries to lead them to the reconquest of lost lands and the expulsion of Turkish raiders. David's battles were not, like those of the Crusaders, part of a religious war against Islam, but rather were a political-military effort to liberate Caucasus from the nomadic Seljuks.
David renounced the tribute to the Seljuqs in 1096/7, and put an end to the seasonal migrations of the Turks into Georgia. Following the annexation of Kingdom of Kakheti, in 1105, David routed a Seljuk punitive force at the Battle of Ertsukhi, leading to momentum that helped him to secure several key fortresses in a series of campaigns from 1103 to 1118.
Georgia having been at war for the better part of twenty years, needed to be allowed to become productive again. To strengthen his army, King David launched a major military reform in 1118–1120 and resettled several thousand Kipchaks from the northern steppes to frontier districts of Georgia. In return, the Kipchaks provided one soldier per family, allowing King David to establish a standing army in addition to his royal troops (known as Monaspa). The new army provided the king with a much-needed force to fight both external threats and internal discontent of powerful lords.
Starting in 1120, King David began a more aggressive policy of expansion, penetrating as far as the Araxes river basin and the Caspian littoral, and terrorizing Muslim traders throughout the South Caucasus. By June 1121, Tbilisi had actually been under a Georgian siege, with its Muslim élite being forced into paying a heavy tribute to David IV. The resurgence of Georgians’ military energies, as well as his demands for tribute from the independent city of Tbilisi brought about a coordinated Muslim response. In 1121, Sultan Mahmud b. Muhammad (1118–1131) declared a holy war on Georgia.
Deployment and order of battle.
The Muslim coalition.
Both Georgian and Islamic sources testify that, on the complaints of the Muslim merchants of – Tbilisi, Ganja and Dmanisi – Sultan Mahmud II of Baghdad () sent an expedition into Georgia under command of Ilghazi ibn Artuq of Mardin, whose hegemony in the Middle East and authority among the Muslims was indisputable. After pillaging the County of Edessa and defeat of Roger of Antioch at the battle of Ager Sanguinis in 1119, the reputation of Ilghazi as a great military commander and champion of Muslims against Christians spread far and wide.
After this victory Ilghazi made a truce with the Crusaders and went north towards Armenia at the invitation of the sultan's brother Toghrul, ruler of Arran. There he joined a Muslim coalition against Christian Georgians and lead the coalition's army, in which his vassal Tughan-Arslan lord of Arzen, Bidlis and Dvin, the Mazyadid Dubays b. Sadaqa of Al Hillah, Toghrul and Nakhichevan, with his atabeg Kun-Toghdi, all took part.
According to historian Alexander Mikaberidze, "The size of the Muslim army is still a matter of debate, with numbers ranging from a fantastic 600,000 men (as given by Walter the Chancellor and Matthew of Edessa) to 400,000 (Sempad Sparapet's Chronicle), while estimates of modern Georgian historians vary between 100,000 and 250,000 men. Although the higher numbers are exaggerated, all sources indicate that the Muslims made massive preparations and vastly outnumbered the Georgians. In mid-summer 1121, the Muslim troops advanced along various routes, with part of them passing the provinces of Erzerum and Kars, while Sultan Toghrul ibn Muhammad moved through Ganja and Tughan-Arslan the "Hunchback" marched from Dvin."
By Matthew of Edessa, the Muslim coalition was: Ilghazi with his vassal Tughan-Arslan: 150,000 man from Damask, Aleppo, Malatia, Maiafarikini, Mardini, Arzen, Bidlis, Dvin. Dubays b. Sadaqa king of Nomadic Arabs: 10,000 man, Toghrul, with his atabeg Kun-Toghdi: 400,000 man. Whole: 560,000.
As the Georgian king was well aware of the coalition's plans, he decided to exclude one of the coalition leaders. In the first half of 1121, the Georgians twice attacked Seljuks in the territory of the Emirate of Ganja and massacred them. As a consequence, the ruler of Arran was no longer able to participate in the campaign.
Ilghazi was aware of the defeat of his main ally, but he continued his march. In July 1121, the army of Ilghazi entered Georgian territory. According to Al-Fāriqī, Ilghazi selected the route from Kars to Javakheti and Trialeti to reach Tbilisi, where he could camp, rest, and then act against the Georgians. The Muslim army under the overall command of Ilghazi entered the valley of Trialeti in eastern Georgia and encamped in the vicinities of Didgori and Manglisi in 10 August 1121, about a day's march from Tbilisi.
Little is known of Ilghazi's exact battle plan or course of action and order of battle other than the commonly suggested deployment of large numbers of light missile troops, particularly archers and light cavalry in the vanguard to harass the enemy lines while the bulk of the army remained behind them in orderly battle formation. It is suggested that Ilghazi's vanguard approached David's army and reported back about a much smaller force than expected, which might have raised Ilghazi's confidence enough to not expect any surprise. It is also claimed that the Seljuq light cavalry rode in front of the Georgians and started to shoot and taunt them which was received with little to no effect on their morale. There is no evidence of heavy cavalry present on Ilghazi's side or any type of cavalry which could have matched the Georgian counterpart.
The Georgian army.
On the other side, the Georgians were facing a significantly superior foe in terms of numbers, but had the strategic as well as tactical advantage. The Georgians were well aware of the Muslim preparations and took necessary precautions. In 1118, after successful completion of David IV's military reform, a royal guard (known as Monaspa) of about 5,000 horsemen was formed. The Georgian army of 56,000 men included 500 Alans, about 200 Franks, and 15,000 Kipchaks.
According to Matthew of Edessa, the Georgian force consisted of 40 000 Georgian, 15 000 Kipchaks, 500 Alans and 100 Franks.
The smallest formations would be equivalents of today's squads and platoons, then a "group of 100" and so forth all led by servants of higher status and different rank. The most crucial and core component was the Monaspa guard, or royal guard which consisted of 5,000 well-trained and heavily armored mounted warriors with lances and bows, which would be used as shock cavalry together with the nobility. The Crusaders, the Kipchak cavalry, and a small portion of infantry were deployed in the center of the Georgian army around the king's banner while the rest were equally split in two major wings initially out of sight for the Seljuqs. Each formation was headed by a great and dense line of horsemen. The heavy cavalry would smash into the enemy ranks with their lances, joined by the infantry which would entangle the Seljuq main body in fights while the cavalry was to regroup and carry out repeated attacks till the enemy broke. At the sign of collapse, David would then send forward his Kipchak cavalry. Initially the king and all his entourage stayed in the center but would immediately switch to their respective positions when the battle commenced. During battle, David IV would assume command over his army's left wing, while Demetrius was leading the right.According to the French knight and historian Walter the Chancellor, before heading off to battle, King David inspired his army with these words:
Kipchaks.
Their relations with Cumans-Kipchaks seem to have been generally peaceful. Moreover, the Georgian politicians of that time saw the Kipchaks as potential allies against the Seljuk conquests. According to Georgian chronicles, Georgians knew about the Kipchaks good fighting skills, their bravery, and the enormous human resources that they had." After the victories of the Rus' Grand Prince Vladimir II Monomakh in 1109, Kipchaks commanded by Otrok Khan, known in Georgia as Atrak'a, son of Sharagan (i.e. Sharukan), fled to Georgia with some 40,000 followers, received baptism and entered the service of the Georgian king David IV. The Georgian-Kipchak alliance was facilitated by David's earlier marriage to the Khan's daughter who received the name Gurandukht. Kipchaks were outfitted by the crown and were granted lands to settle. In turn, the Kipchaks provided one soldier per family, allowing King David to establish a standing army in addition to his royal troops.
Franks.
The participation of Frankish soldiers in the battle of Didgori is reported in two sources: one by a 12th-century Armenian historian, Matthew of Edessa, who mentions 100 Franks, and the other by Walter the Chancellor, according to whom David used 200 Frankish soldiers deployed ahead of his armies as a striking force against the enemy.
There is no exact information whether they were auxiliary troops sent by the prince of Antioch or king Baldwin II of Jerusalem, or simply mercenaries. However, as both Franks and Georgians had one common enemy, the Muslims, it can be argued that the Frank soldiers were allies rather than mercenaries. It's supposed that Crusaders arrived to Georgia through Constantinople because the territory between Antioch and Georgia was occupied by the Seljuks.
The battle.
King David could not allow Ilghazi to unite with the Tbilisi Muslims, so he decided to intercept him on his way there. He used a strategy of surprise and to entice the enemy step-by-step into a trap. He chose a mountainous and wooded area near the Didgori Mountain range, situated between Manglisi and Tbilisi, to attack. "On August 11, 1121, King David led his army along the Nichbisi valley from the ancient capital of Mtskheta and divided his troops into two parts, one under his personal command and the other smaller group under his son Demetrius I, hidden in reserve behind the nearby heights with orders to attack the flank at a given signal."
The course of the battle is differently related in the contemporary historical records. According to the Arab chronicler Ibn al-Athir, David sent a small Kipchak detachment of his men in order to simulate negotiation. The Muslims thought that the small detachment had left the Georgian army seeking protection, so the Muslims did not regard them as a threat. Meanwhile, the Georgians successfully managed to deploy a large portion of their force where they would almost encircle the enemy in a pincer movement. Their opponents remained unaware of such activities. Upon approaching the Seljuq leaders, the deserters, using the self-confidence of the Muslims to their advantage, attacked them with arrows, killing every Seljuq commander in sight and others who were attending the meeting.
While this was going on, David ordered a frontal attack on the enemy vanguard with his crusader knights which not only devastated the enemy's forward lines, but also entangled the Seljuq archers in close combat, effectively taking out a crucial component of Ilghazi's force. This trick resulted in chaos and panic among the Muslims. The Georgians then began to quickly advance on the flanks from the western side of the mountain in full formation. Ilghazi and his son-in-law both survived the attack on the vanguard, but were severely injured during the fight and withdrew from the battlefield, leaving the Seljuq army virtually leaderless.
The majority of his commanders were either injured or killed, which caused confusion and probably resulted in a lack of adequate response to the chaotic situation. King David didn't hesitate and personally led the Georgian right flank, ordering his heavy cavalry to ride straight into the seemingly disorganised Seljuk left flank, which was trying to reinforce the vanguard. Having the advantage of moving downhill, the charge of the Georgian cavalry proved very effective.
Almost simultaneously the left wing, under the command of David's son Demetrius, struck the Seljuk right flank also with heavy cavalry. When the Georgian infantry joined the fight, the Seljuq troops started to panic and retreated "en masse" through the huge gap in their army's rearguard, which wasn't engaged in the battle. This provoked large numbers of uninvolved Seljuq troops to flee as well, causing a massive rout, while their vanguard was completely annihilated. According to a Georgian chronicler, King David’s troops pursued them for three days “putting all of them to the sword and leaving them to the carnivorous beasts and birds of the mountains and plains” of the Manglisi Valley.
With the Kipchaks joining in, the final remnants of Seljuq resistance crumbled and joined the rout. The battle was decided within three hours with the Seljuq army overrun, leaving a very large number of dead, injured, prisoners, and booty. Fleeing remnants were constantly pursued and run down for several days so that they wouldn't have time or opportunity to regroup or commence any other move.
Aside from those accounts, it has also been suggested that confronted by a vanguard of the large invading force, David had to rely on the advantages the nearby terrain offered to disguise his troop movements. The Seljuk cavalry was provoked or tricked into a relatively narrow pass where they probably had not much room to maneuver. As these were cut off from the rest of Ilghazi's army, the Georgians were easily able to take them out with spears, pikes, and light infantry using bows and javelins. The rest of the coalition army was probably forced to climb slopes to attack the Georgian army's main body, while being constantly struck at the flanks by heavy cavalry. After a while, those tactics broke the fighting will of the Muslim army, which was soon routed. Ilghazi reportedly received an injury to his head when a hundred crusaders managed to break through his lines, rushing towards the Seljuq command banner.
Aftermath.
The numbers of Seljuks fleeing the field was reportedly so large that the Georgian cavalry was taking scores of prisoners for several days. As a result, the Georgians were able to liberate the entire region from Muslim influence and even contest territories within the Seljuq Empire, which at that point was left almost defenceless. The captured Seljuqs would serve for David's ambitions to rebuild his kingdom. The unification of Georgia and the elimination of Muslim authority was completed in the year following the battle at Didgori. David laid siege to and captured the city of Tbilisi which became a royal town, the capital of Georgia, ""for ever an arsenal and capital for his sons"."
The medieval sources emphasize David's acts of revenge against the Muslims of Tbilisi. However, the Arab historian al-'Ayni (1360–1451), who utilizes sources, some of which have not survived, admits that the city was pillaged but says that the Georgian king eventually showed patience and "respected the feelings of the Muslims." A well-educated man, he preached tolerance of other religions, abrogated taxes and services for the Muslims and Jews, and protected the Sufis and Muslim scholars.
Having his forces exhausted and being wounded himself, Ilghazi returned to Mardin in a devastated condition. The Didgori battle helped the Crusader states, which had been under the pressure of Ilghazi's armies. The weakening of the main enemy of the Latin principalities was beneficial for the Kingdom of Jerusalem under King Baldwin II.
According to A. Mikaberidze, "The triumphant victory at Didgori captured the imagination of future Georgian generations. A contemporary chronicler marveled, “What tongue can relate the wonders which our sustaining Christ gave us on that day? And what are the narrations of Homer and Aristotle to me about the Trojan War and the bravery of Achilles or Josephus’ writings about the valor of the Maccabees or Alexander and Titus at Jerusalem?” The battle entered Georgian national consciences as a “miraculous victory” (ძლევაჲ საკვირველი) and is without doubt one of the apogees of Georgian history. It signaled the emergence of Georgia as a military power in the late 11–12th centuries and shifted the balance scales in favor of Georgian cultural as well as political supremacy in eastern Asia Minor."


Task Force (film)

Task Force is a 1949 war film filmed in black-and-white with some Technicolor sequences about the development of U.S. aircraft carriers from to . Although Robert Montgomery was originally considered for the leading role, the film stars Gary Cooper, Jane Wyatt, Walter Brennan, Wayne Morris, Julie London and Jack Holt. "Task Force" was the only film Gary Cooper and Jane Wyatt made together, and was the last of the eight films Cooper and Walter Brennan made together. The U.S. Navy provided complete support in not only loaning naval vessels and facilities, but also allowed the use of archival footage of the development of naval air power.
Plot.
As a 1917 graduate of the Naval Academy, Naval Aviator Jonathan L. "Scotty" Scott (Gary Cooper) spends 28 years, from 1921 to 1949, promoting U.S. naval aviation and the power of the aircraft carrier. During that period, he antagonizes powerful people in the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Congress, and marries Mary Morgan (Jane Wyatt), the widow of a fellow flier who died in a crash during a carrier takeoff aboard USS "Langley". Throughout, Scott has the help and friendship of his mentor and superior officer, Pete Richard (Walter Brennan).
The Scotts spend two years in Hawaii and then move to Annapolis, where Scott, now a lieutenant commander, is to teach naval aviation but his outspoken stand in favor of aircraft carriers in combat causes him to lose a promotion. After Japan invades Manchuria, Scott is offered a civilian sales position selling aircraft in Europe, but remains in the Navy.
After Pearl Harbor is attacked by the Japanese, Scott's ship, , is heavily involved in action at the Battle of Midway. Scott later travels to Washington D.C. to plead for more carriers and eventually a carrier fleet is produced. During the Battle of Okinawa, the fleet, with Scott as the captain of the carrier , proves its worth. When his carrier flight deck is badly damaged by Japanese torpedo aircraft, the ship is forced to withdraw to the U.S. for repairs and the war ends when they arrive in at the Navy Yard in New York City. Four years after the end of the war, Scott, as a rear admiral, retires and joins Mary, who is waiting for him on the dock.
Cast.
As appearing in "Task Force", (main roles and screen credits identified):
Production.
In 1948, Warner Bros. obtained archival U.S. Navy footage documenting the rise of naval aviation as well as Technicolor footage filmed during the war in the Pacific, including the Battle of Midway, the Japanese attack on and a kamikaze attack on USS "Franklin". Encouraged by the offer of support from the U.S. Navy, when the production received permission to proceed with a film, a decision was made to shoot the first segments in black-and-white to merge into the original footage of the , the first American aircraft carrier, and . Principal photography began in late 1948 on the escort carrier, to replicate USS "Langley", as well as Naval Air Station North Island in San Diego. The U.S. Navy provided access to naval facilities with costs amounting to as much as $24,000 a day ($ today) being incurred when an admiral's barge and jet fighters were commandeered. Additional work took place at the Burbank studios to cover interiors and process shots. Production finally wrapped on January 5, 1949.
Near the end of the film, the film changes from black and white to Technicolor in order to unobtrusively use actual combat film shot in color. The change comes just after a scene showing a contentious meeting in Washington D.C. in which Brennan and Cooper argue with a senator who wants to stop building carriers. After some aerial shots of a task force at sea and an aircraft landing on a carrier, still in black-and-white, a shot of a sailor in combat gear silhouetted against the sky is in color, but filtered to make it sepia, a technique similar to that used on the transitional shot of Dorothy opening the door of her house to reveal Munchkinland in "The Wizard of Oz". This is followed by Cooper at night walking the deck of his first command, still in sepia, and aircraft taking off at night. The next shot, of a naval task force with air cover, is in full color.
Complications set in during the filming of "Task Force" as consecutively, four separate crews were at work with the resultant task of merging all of the live action and archival footage. One of the near disasters involved a delivery truck that caught on fire with its load of cut and stock film along with daily rushes, personal baggage and makeup destroyed. More serious was a series of accidents involving the star, who had already expressed reservation both about the script and his perceived inadequacies as an actor. In December 1948, Cooper was on a navy barge that broke down in fog, and began to take on water, almost foundering on the rocks in Long Beach harbor before he was rescued by a navy ship. Cooper was subsequently hospitalized with a high fever. He was nearly seriously injured on another occasion. During gunnery practice, when Cooper was on , an unmanned target aircraft was hit and caught fire, heading for the crowded deck where all of the actors and crew were standing before skimming overhead, and crashing in the ocean.
Historical accuracy.
During the Battle of Midway scene, the "Japanese carrier" blowing up is actually exploding after being torpedoed by .
When Cooper and Brennan attend the mid-1920s reception in Washington, D.C., the Chief of Naval Operations is called "Admiral Ames" (Moroni Olsen); the real CNO was Admiral Edward Walter Eberle. The movie CNO is clean shaven, Eberle had a full beard. Seen listening to Scott (Gary Cooper) tell Sen. Bentley (Stanley Ridges) about the use of aircraft carriers over battleships in future naval warfare and that Japan is a threat to the United States, the real Japanese naval attaché who would have heard that conversation was Captain Isoroku Yamamoto. Later, Admiral Yamamoto would be the architect of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
While Cooper's character Scott is shown as captain of the carrier at the Battle of Okinawa, the ship was actually commanded by Captain Leslie E. Gehres.
Aircraft used in the film.
Paul Mantz did much of the flying in the early aerial sequences.
In popular culture.
In the film, "White Heat", when Arthur "Cody" Jarrett played by James Cagney is chased by federal investigators, to lose them, he drives the car into San-Val Drive In, where "Task Force" is showing. Later in the movie, when Cody's mother is interrogated by the cops, she says that she was with Verna (Virginia Mayo) watching the film and that it was "exciting."
Reception.
Box office.
Special premieres were screened on at sail in the Atlantic and in the Pacific. When released years after the end of World War II, "Task Force" was inevitably compared to wartime features and documentaries that chronicled the efforts of the U.S. Navy. Audiences on a whole, received the film enthusiastically, making it one of the "largest grossing pictures" of the postwar era.
According to Warner Bros records the film earned $2,481,000 domestically and $1,590,000 foreign.
Critical.
Critics, although acknowledging the cobbled-up look of the black-and-white photography blending into color, still gave the story positive reviews, keying in on the dramatic aspects. Bosley Crowther of "The New York Times" noted that when the film concentrates on "real carrier activity out at sea and the actual aspects of recent warfare, it springs into vivid, thrilling life." Playing on the propaganda-like message of "Task Force", "Radio Moscow" decried it, "a film which glorifies war, and calls for the militarization of the country's whole life."


Teresa A. H. Djuric

Teresa A.H. Djuric is a retired United States Air Force brigadier general. Her last assignment was Deputy Director, Space and Intelligence Office, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C.
Military career.
Djuric was commissioned in 1983 through Officer Training School. She has operated space systems at three space wings and Headquarters 14th Air Force. In 2004, she deployed to Southwest Asia as Director of Space Forces for operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. She has commanded at the squadron, group and wing levels, and has served on staffs at the Air Force Personnel Center, United States Strategic Command and Headquarters United States Air Force. Prior to her final assignment, she was Commander, Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions and Citizen Development, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.
Post retirement.
Djuric is the commandant of cadets for the Virginia Women's Institute for Leadership (VWIL) and special assistant to the president at Mary Baldwin College, effective October 1, 2013.


Ethel Moseley Damon

Ethel Moseley Damon (April 12, 1883 – April 1, 1965) was a teacher, writer and historian who served with the Red Cross in Europe during World War I, and was decorated by Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium and by the Mayor of Le Havre.
Background and education.
She was born April 12, 1883, in Honolulu in the Kingdom of Hawaii, as one of five children of Edward Chenery Damon (1848–1894), a retailer with JT Waterhouse and Company, and Cornelia Beckwith Damon (1857–1908).
Ethel's brothers and sisters were Julia, Maurice, Fred, and William.
Her maternal grandparents Maurice B. Beckwith (1824–1881) and Sarah Moseley Beckwith (1831–1870) arrived in Hawaii in 1855 from Massachusetts to help run the Royal School. Her paternal grandparents Samuel C. Damon (1815–1885) and Julia Sherman Mills Damon (1817–1890) arrived in Hawaii in 1845 as missionaries for the American Seaman's Friend Society. Samuel was the founding publisher of "The Friend" periodical, and Julia was the first president of the Stranger's Friend Society in Honolulu.
Ethel attended Honolulu's private college preparatory Punahou School, and was Valedictorian at her 1901 graduation. After training at Honolulu Normal school, she taught English at that same institution for a couple of years. She later attended Wellesley College in Massachusetts, receiving her BA degree in 1909. Upon her return to Hawaii, she taught multiple languages at Punahou until the beginning of World War I.
World War I.
With the outbreak of war, Johns Hopkins pediatrician Edwards A. Park, working with the American Red Cross Belgian Commission, headed the Children's Hospital in Le Havre as a facility for refugee Belgian children. He appointed Mabel Isabel Wilcox as head nurse in supervision over Ethel and 14 other nurses.
In a 1918 letter printed in the "Honolulu Star-Bulletin", Ethel related the effects of war on the French population. Quartered at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris, she awaited the arrival of Mabel and Dr. Park. In the interim, she had been working for a district nurse. On the evening of their arrival, Paris was in the middle of an air raid blackout, which they later learned had been one of the most severe air raids in Paris up to that date. They remained in the area providing assistance for several days, as Ethel witnessed cars and trucks parked in the streets, ready to flee on a moment's notice, and the courage of a people facing uncertainty. While visiting a tuberculosis sanitarium at Sceaux outside of Paris, they heard two loud explosions, " ... we looked at once in the direction of Paris to see a great mass of black smoke begin to rise ..." only to find out later the explosions had occurred where they had been working.
At Le Havre, and wherever needed in France, they provided medical care and a safe haven for the children, often putting themselves in harm's way behind enemy lines to assist refugee women. In recognition of their war-time services, Mabel and Ethel were decorated with the Queen Elisabeth Medal by the Queen Elisabeth of Belgium and the Bronze Medal of the City of Le Havre by the Mayor of Le Havre.
Final years.
Ethel had a prolific writing career on a local level. Concentrating on Hawaii's history, she produced historical pageants, wrote plays, books and pamphlets, and published historic papers. She devoted much of her post-World War I years in documenting Hawaii's history. Never married, she died at her Kauai home on April 1, 1965.


Abu Bakr ibn Abi Salih

Abu Bakr ibn Abi Salih was a Persian statesman, who served as the "vizier" of the Ghaznavid Sultan Farrukh-Zad (r. 1052-1059) from 1055 to 1059. When the latter's son Ibrahim of Ghazna ascended the throne, Abu Bakr was appointed as chief executive of the new ruler, while Abu Sahl Khujandi was appointed "vizier". Abu Bakr was killed by a group of Turkic generals and palace guards in the early 1060s.


Ratcliffe Pring

His Honour the Honourable Ratcliffe Pring (17 October 1825 – 26 March 1885) was a lawyer, politician and the first Attorney-General in colonial Queensland.
Early life.
Pring was born on 17 October 1825 at Crediton, Devon, England, the second son of Thomas E. Pring, solicitor. He was educated at Shrewsbury School, and entered at the Inner Temple in November 1845, being called to the Bar in June 1849.
Pring suffered from bronchitis which motivated him to immigrate to Australia, arriving in Sydney in 1853. He practised as a barrister on the Moreton Bay, Bathurst and Goulburn court circuits of New South Wales with much success.
In 1857 a Northern Supreme Court for New South Wales was established in Brisbane. Pring was appointed as its Crown Prosecutor and a Queen's Counsel by Sir William Montagu Manning, the Solicitor-General for New South Wales. Pring took up residence in Brisbane in April 1857, when the court opened.
Political life.
On 27 March 1860 Pring was elected to the first Legislative Assembly of Queensland for the district of Eastern Downs, and served under (later Sir) Robert Herbert as Attorney-General in the first Ministry formed under responsible government from December 1859 to August 1865. In the second Herbert Ministry he filled the same office from July to August 1866. He was also Attorney-General in the Robert Mackenzie Ministry from August 1867 to November 1868; in the Charles Lilley Government from November 1869 to May 1870; and in the first Thomas McIlwraith Administration from May 1879 to June 1880, when he accepted a puisne judgeship of the Supreme Court of Queensland.
Pring served as member of the Queensland Legislative Council from 24 April 1862 to 26 May 1863. He also served in the Assembly for Ipswich from 30 May 1863 to 4 August 1866; for Burnett from 22 April 1867 to 17 August 1870.
He was elected in Town of Brisbane on 17 August 1870. He contributed to many acrimonious debates in 1871, which culminated in January 1871 in physical violence. On 10 January 1871, Pring repeatedly interrupted the member for Clermont, Oscar de Satge. Clark (member for Warwick) complained about Pring's "extremely offensive and personal remarks in regard to the Member for Clermont" and proceeded to make insulting remarks about Pring. Pring called on the Speaker (Arthur Macalister) to rebuke Clark, which he did. Pring then proposed that Clark exit parliament for five minutes to "settle all things", which the Speaker declared to be out of order. Pring responded by calling Clark "the dirty wretch". The Speaker told Pring not to continue this behaviour. Pring then threatened to kick Clark, by which time the Legislative Assembly was in an uproar with the Speaker unable to restore order. Clark and Pring continued to trade insults. Pring then rose as if to leave the Assembly, but, as he walked past Clark, he attacked Clark by grabbing his collar with one hand and tugged at Clark's beard with the other hand, yelling "Come outside and we will settle it". The Sergeant-at-Arms went to Pring saying "I take you in charge". Pring responded "Do you? You will have to catch me first!" and then raced out of the chamber, and the Sergeant-at-Arms was unable to catch him. The Speaker then issued a warrant for Pring's arrest for his contempt of Parliament 9 (the first time this had occurred in the Queensland Parliament), but did not sign it in order to allow Pring to end the matter by apologising, calling on Pring to attend the House on 16 January. However, Pring did not apologise but resigned the following day (11 January), evidently believing that would bring the matter to an end. However, on 22 January, the Speaker, in the absence of an apology from Pring, proceeded with the warrant and Pring was arrested in Dalby where Pring had gone on Court business. However, the police did not know what action to take after arresting Pring as he could not be delivered to the Parliament which was now in recess, so they ended up releasing him. Pring returned to Brisbane triumphant, where he addressed a crowd of sympathisers from the balcony of the Australian Hotel in Albert Street, promising that he would return to Parliament.
He was elected in Carnarvon from 25 November 1873 to 2 January 1874.
Following the retirement of Thomas Blacket Stephens due to illness, in May 1875 Pring stood for election for the South Brisbane seat in the Queensland Legislative Assembly, but was defeated by Richard Ash Kingsford.
However, Pring was later elected in Brisbane City from 12 February 1878 to 15 November 1878 and for Fortitude Valley from 26 November 1878 to 28 May 1879.
In 1863 Pring was offered the position of first Chief Justice of Queensland, over the head of the Judge Alfred Lutwyche, but declined the post, and Sir James Cockle was appointed.
Later life.
Pring died at his residence in Brisbane on Thursday 26 March 1885, after a 14-month illness, of cardiac asthma. He was buried in Toowong Cemetery. He left his wife almost destitute.
Miscellaneous.
Ratcliffe Pring was a tenant of the now heritage-listed Newstead House in Brisbane.


Rashid al-Din Vatvat

Rashid al-Din Muhammad Umar-i Vatvāt () (d. 1182–1183) was a 12th-century Sunni Khwarezmian panegyrist and epistolographer. He was born in Balkh, (now modern-day Afghanistan).
Served at the court of Khwarazmshah Kings, although he should not be mistaken for a later physician by the name Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat. While serving as court poet, it was through him that Atsiz ibn Muhammad boasted of the end of the Great Seljuq empire.
He also composed qasidehs, but his rhetorical work "Hadā'iq al-sihr fi daqa'iq al-shi'r" ("Magic Gardens of the Niceties of Poetry") is in prose.


50th Anniversary of the Republic Sculptures

The 50th Anniversary of the Republic Sculptures are 20 sculptures erected in Istanbul that were created by selected Turkish sculptors in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Turkish Republic.
History.
In May 1972, the Committee for the 50th Anniversary of the Republic Celebrations, gathered at the Istanbul Governors headquarters and initially they wanted 50 sculptures to be created to celebrate the 50 years however due to lack of funds they reduced the number to 20.
On Sept, 13 1973, the sketches and photos sent by the 20 selected artists are approved by the board members of the committee.
Context in Turkish sculpture.
It was difficult for Turkish sculptors to get exposure in the years between 1950 and 1960. What sculptors need is for their sculptures to be displayed in public spaces. Sculptures, other than monuments, were not really present until 1973.
The project to create 50 sculptures for Istanbul within the scope of the 50th anniversary celebrations of the Turkish Republic was a turning point for Turkish sculpture. For the first time, sculptors were given a chance, outside the scope of monuments, to create sculptures for pre-determined locations. This allowed for a shift to modern sculpture from monumental sculpture. The result of the project, which initially set out to create 50 sculptures, were 20 sculptures erected in Istanbuls public spaces by important sculptors which reflected their original sculpting style.
Dramatic fate of the sculptures.
Surprisingly, many of these 20 sculptures met a dramatic end or were disturbed, damaged and/or removed from their location, some not even few days after they were erected.
"Güzel İstanbul", by Gürdal Duyar, is removed from its foundation at Karaköy square, being found 'indecent', and is removed to the Yıldız Park being damaged in the process; "İşçi" by Muzaffer Ertoran becomes the targeted in attacks; the fate of Nusret Sumans "Mimar Sinan" is unknown; "İkimiz" by Namık Denizhan is removed due to 'damage from external factors'; "Birlik" by Mehmet Uyanık, becomes the victim of a municipal compressor gun in 1986; "Yükseliş" by Bihrat Mavitran is sacrificed to road construction in 1984; "Yağmur" by Ferit Özşen suffers natures wrath; the abstract composition by Füsun Onur is removed during Bedrettin Dalans Municipal tenure in 1985; the abstract sculpture by Seyhun Topuz collapses due to 'natural causes' in 1984; the abstract sculpture by Tamer Başoğlu disappears in 1986; the abstract sculpture by Yavuz Görey is believed to have been stolen for its material (bronze) and similarly the abstract sculpture by Metin Haseki disappears for its material (copper).
Recent events.
In 2011, 7 of the sculptures were cleaned and restored in the scope of the "sculpture project". Hüseyin Anka Özkans "Yankı" was worked on for 6 hours under the consultancy of Dr. Üzlifat Özgümü and at the end was reportedly restored to its original state. Within the scope of the restorations the sculptures to be restored till the end of 2012 are the "Abstract" in Maçka, "Bahar" in Emirgan Park, the Republic 50. Years Monument in Galatasaray Square, "Dayanışma" in Fındıklı Park, "Figür" in front of the Muhsin Ertuğrul Theater, and the abstract sculpture at Bebek children's park.


Omega Dubai Moonlight Classic

The Omega Dubai Moonlight Classic is a professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour (LET) that was played for the first time in October 2006. Its prize fund of €500,000 made it the fourth most valuable tournament on the LET. Promoted and organised by golf in Dubai, the tournament is played on the Majlis course at Emirates Golf Club, which also hosts the Omega Dubai Desert Classic on the men's European Tour.
Since 2009, Omega, a luxury watch company based in Switzerland, has been the title sponsor of the tournament.
Annika Sörenstam won the event the first two times it was played. Sörenstam beat out Karrie Webb in 2006, and in 2007 defeated Iben Tinning by two shots. The 2008 event, which was Sörenstam's final tournament before her retirement, was won by Germany's Anja Monke.
The 2016 event was shortened to 54 holes after caddie Maximilian Zechmann collapsed and died during the first round.


2nd ECO Summit

The 1993 ECO summit was the second Economic Cooperation Organization summit, held between 6–7 May in Istanbul, Turkey. Afghanistan was welcomed as the 10th member state of the ECO during the summit.


List of the last monarchs in Oceania

This is a list of last monarchs of Oceania.