Patan Durbar Square

Patan Durbar Square is situated at the centre of the city of Lalitpur in Nepal. It is one of the three Durbar Squares in the Kathmandu Valley, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. One of its attraction is the ancient royal palace where the Malla Kings of Lalitpur resided.
The Durbar Square is a marvel of Newar architecture. The square floor is tiled with red bricks. There are many temples and idols in the area. The main temples are aligned opposite of the western face of the palace. The entrance of the temples faces east, towards the palace. There is also a bell situated in the alignment beside the main temples. The Square also holds old Newari residential houses. There are other temples and structures in and around Patan Durbar Square built by the Newa People. A center of both Hinduism and Buddhism, Patan Durbar Square has 136 "bahals" (courtyards) and 55 major temples.
The square was heavily damaged by the earthquake in April 2015.
History.
The history of the Durbar Square is not clear. Although the Malla Kings of Lalitpur are credited with the establishment of the royal square, it is known that the site is an ancient crossroad. The Pradhanas, who settled around the site before the Mallas, have connections with the Durbar Square. Some chronicles hint that the Thakuri Dynasty built a palace and made reforms to the locality, but there is little evidence of this. Scholars are certain that Patan was a prosperous city since ancient times.
The Malla Kings made important changes to the square. Most of the current architecture is from the 1600s, constructed during the reign of King Siddhi Narsingh Malla and his son Srinivasa Sukriti. Some of the notable Malla Kings who improved the square include Purandarasimha, Sivasimha Malla and Yoganarendra Malla.
Important buildings.
Patan is one of the oldest Buddhist cities. It is a center of both Hinduism and Buddhism with 136 "bahals" or courtyards and 55 major temples. Most of these structures are in the vicinity of the Durbar Square.
Krishna Mandir.
Krishna temple is the most important temple in Patan Durbar Square. A three-storied structure, it was built in the local variety of Shikhara style called Granthakuta. The stone carvings along the beam above the first and second-floor pillar are most notable. The first-floor pillar carvings narrate the events of the Mahabharata, while on the second floor there are visual carvings from Ramayana.
The temple was built in 1667 by King Siddhi Narsingh Malla. It is said that one night the King saw Lord Krishna and his consort Srimati Radha standing in front of the royal palace. He ordered a temple to be built on the same spot. There are 21 golden pinnacles in the temple. Below the pinnacles are three stories. The first floor holds the main shrine of Lord Krishna with shrines of Radha and Rukmini at each side. The second floor is dedicated to Lord Shiva and the third to Lokeshwor (Avalokiteshvara).
The square is crowded with thousands of Hindu Pilgrims and devotees during Krishnastami.
Bhimsen Temple.
Bhimsen (Bhin : dya) Temple was built by Srinivasa Malla in 1680. It is renowned for its three interconnected golden windows. Bhimsen is a great personality in Mahabharata. He was known to be brave and strong. In Newa, he is traditionally worshiped as a god of business and trade. Tourists are not allowed inside the temple.
Vishwanath Temple.
Vishwanath Temple is dedicated to God Shiva. It was built in 1627 during the reign of Siddhi Narsingh Malla. The roof supports are decorated with erotic carvings similar to imagery widespread in Shiva temples in India. The temple is guarded by two stone elephants in the front entrance. On the other side of the temple is the sculpture of a bull, Shiva's vehicle. A stone linga is enshrined inside the temple.
Taleju Bhawani Temple.
Taleju temple was built by Siddhi Narsingh Malla in 1640 and rebuilt by Srinivasa Malla in 1667 after a fire. Taleju Bhawani was the personal deity of the Malla kings. It is a five-storey temple with triple-roofs. The 14th century chronicle of Gopala kings hint a Taleju temple was built by the Pradhanas before the Mallas.
Layout of the Palace.
The three main courtyards in the palace are Mul Chowk, Sundari Chowk and Keshav Narayan Chowk. Besides these courtyards, the complex boasts impressive temples, religious shrines, and historical places, all noted for their exquisite carvings and beautiful display of ancient Newari architecture.
Keshav Narayan Chowk.
Keshav Narayan Chowk is, inside the Patan Museum, to the north of the Mul Chowk. Keshav Narayan Temple is located at the center of this chowk and gave the chowk its name.
Mul Chowk.
Mul Chowk is the central courtyard. It is the most famous and largest courtyard among the three main chowks. Vidya Temple is located at its center and Taleju temples stand around the courtyard. The doorway to the Shrine of Taleju, on the southern side of the courtyard, is confined by the statues of the river goddesses Ganga, on a tortoise, and Jamuna, on a carved makura (mythical crocodile).
Sundari Chowk.
Sundari Chowk is to the south of the Mul Chowk. It is designed with sunken tank known as Tusha Hiti. Smaller than the Mul Chowk, it is now open to the public. The entrance of the chowk is guarded by the stone statues of Hanuman, Ganesh and Nara Singha, man-lion form of Vishnu As one enters through ,the chowk, they can see various local shops selling typical Newari cuisine. the newari cuisine consists of yomari, kachela, chhoila,black beans,beaten rice,vegetables along with the newari drink called chhyang which is made from rice. sundari chowk is mostly famous for the night life and recently there is a gigantic self illuminating moon placed in the chowk which has now become the attraction for tourists as well as the local people.


Moonlite

Moonlite is a 1910 bushranger film about Captain Moonlite, played by John Gavin, who also directed. It was also known as Captain Moonlite and is considered a lost film.
It followed on the success of "Thunderbolt" (1910), also made by Gavin and Forsyth.
Synopsis.
In the early 1870s, a New Zealand army officer, Captain George Scott, is caught cheating at cards and brutally beats a fellow officer. Disgraced and discharged, he joins the clergy and falls in love with the beautiful Ruth Clarke, whose brother has embezzled a large amount of money and is going to be arrested. For her sake he robs the Edgerton Bank, and arranges to leave by boat to England. The police arrive as he gets on the boat the "Lady Isabelle" and although he attempts to swim away he is wounded and arrested. Constables Ryan and Mae have their first case.
Scott later escapes from gaol by strangling a warden and releasing another prisoner. He becomes a bushranger under the name of "Moonlite", forming a gang which includes Ruth's brother. He saves an aboriginal "gin" called Bunda Bunda from downing, then goes on to rob the gold escort, distributing some of this money to the poor.
Moonlite and his gang go on to stick up a country pub and the police send Inspector Carroll and his men after him. Moonlite's gang hold up Wantabadgery Station, and Carroll gives chase but they are fought off and Bunda Bunda saves Moonlite's life.
Ryan and Mac make a capture, and Bunda Bunda shoots the tracker after Moonlite. Eventually Moonlite is captured at McCreedy's farm after a shootout by Inspector Carroll in which Bunda Bunda is killed. He is taken away to gaol for the last time to be executed. All Ruth is left with is his cross.
The chapter headings were as follows:
Production.
The plot appears to have been heavily influenced by the classic novel "Robbery Under Arms".
Gavin later said the film was the first script written by his wife Agnes. Female lead Ruby Butler won a beauty contest.
The film was shot at Victoria Barracks in Sydney and in the bush around Lithgow, with a budget of over £1,000. over 200 people were reportedly involved in the film.
Gavin was almost attacked by a shark while shooting an escape sequence near Glebe Island – producer H.A. Forsyth had to throw a dog overboard to distract the shark and save Gavin.
Release.
Screenings of the film were usually accompanied by a lecturer.
Many advertisements for the film would mention Forysth but not Gavin.
The first public screening was a sellout. According to Gavin, the film was a massive success at the box office.
However, he then ended his association with H. A. Forsyth and instead was commissioned to make several films for Stanley Crick and Herbert Finlay, starting with "Ben Hall and his Gang" (1910).
According to some reports the film went for 11,000 feet (over 80 minutes). However most reports put the length of the film at 4,000 feet.
According to the "Truth" "the film is remarkable for its clearness, and is sure to become a great success throughout Australia."


Eupalinos

Eupalinos () or Eupalinus of Megara was an ancient Greek engineer who built the Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos Island in the 6th century BC.
The tunnel, presumably completed between 550 and 530 BC, is the second known tunnel in history which was excavated from both ends and the first with a methodical approach in doing so. Being also the longest tunnel of its time, the Tunnel of Eupalinos is regarded as a major feat of ancient engineering. It was constructed for the tyrant Polycrates of Samos, and was a remarkable long. It brought water to the city, passing through limestone at the base of a hill; this tunnel still exists.
The Greek historian Herodotus describes the tunnel briefly in his "Histories" (3.60) and calls Eupalinos of Megara its architect:
Eupalinos is considered the first hydraulic engineer in history whose name has been passed down. Apart from that, though, nothing more is known about him.
A large road tunnel, named after Eupalinos has been recently built under the Geraneia mountains in Corinthia, to facilitate the new expressway connection between Athens and Corinth. Eupalinos tunnel is the longest of three subsequent tunnels of the same width at this expressway.


Hendrick Aerts

Hendrick Aerts (alternative names: Hendrick Aertsz., Henricus Arijssel, Hendrik Arts, Henricus A. Rijssel) (probably Mechelen, between 1565 and 1575 - probably Gdańsk, January 1603) was a Flemish painter and draftsman who painted mainly architectural paintings and was active in Gdańsk and Prague.
Life.
Little is known about the origins, formation and life of Hendrick Aerts. It was originally assumed that he was from Lille, which at the presumed time of his birth was part of the Southern Netherlands. Recent research, in particular that conducted by Bernard M. Vermet, has questioned the previous assumptions about the life of the artist and Aerts is now assumed to be a native of Mechelen.
Vermet has further suggested that the clear influence of the work of the Flemish architecture painter Paul Vredeman de Vries is likely due to Aerts having been a pupil of Paul Vredeman de Vries. The training probably took place when both artists resided in Gdańsk in the period from 1592 to 1595. Aerts would then have accompanied Vredeman de Vries to Prague from 1596 to 1599, where he worked as his assistant in the decoration of the ceilings and the reception rooms of Emperor Rudolf II's castle.
From 1599 Aerts could have returned to Gdańsk, where he probably died in 1603.
Work.
Only a few paintings of Hendrick Aerts have been preserved. Research attributes less than ten paintings to him. The earliest reliable work is dated 1600 and the last known work 1602.
Like his presumed master Paul Vredeman de Vries, he exclusively painted fantastic architectural works of imaginary and luxurious palaces and church interiors, in which the human figures often represent allegories.


Decoration of the Cross of Sanitary Merit

The Decoration of the Cross of Sanitary Merit () was a Decoration established by King Carol I of Romania by Royal Decree 6471 on 25 November 1913 for his wife, Princess Elisabeth of Wied, to award Romanian men, women, and organisations deemed to be working outstandingly to improve the health status of the country.
The Decoration was abolished during the abolishment of the Romanian Monarchy in 1947 and wasn't reinstated as a Dynastic Decoration of the Decorations of the Romanian Royal House by Former King Michael I.


Mayken Verhulst

Mayken Verhulst (1518–1596 or 1599), also known as Marie Bessemers, was a sixteenth-century miniature, tempera and watercolor painter, identified by Lodovico Guicciardini in 1567 as one of the four most important female artists in the Low Countries. She was actively engaged in the workshop of her husband, Pieter Coecke van Aelst, posthumously publishing his works. While she is recognized as an exceptionally skilled artist, little is known about her works or life as there are few surviving attributable sources of information.
Life.
Mayken Verhulst was born in Mechelen in 1518. She was the second wife of the painter Pieter Coecke van Aelst, and the mother-in-law of Pieter Brueghel the Elder, and, according to Karel van Mander, the first teacher of her grandsons Pieter Brueghel the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Elder. Her sister Lysbeth was married to the engraver and painter Hubert Goltzius, and her sister Barbara was married to the painter Jacob de Punder.
According to Slater (2019), she died in Brussels in 1596, approximately eighty years old., but most authority notices state that she died in Malines in 1599.
Works.
Following Pieter Coecke's death in 1550, she likely oversaw the publication of a large woodcut series "Ces Moeurs et Fachons de Faire des Turcz" ("Manners and Customs of the Turks") (1553). This print was originally designed by van Aelst as a tapestry design, strategically published by Verhulst as a print after his death to showcase his work. Additionally, she waited until about twenty years following her husband's death to publicize his legacy, argued by Di Furia as an intentional decision meant to honor Charles V, a great admirer of Turkish culture, as he withdrew from public service in 1555. Thus, Verhulst displayed great agency through her strategy, independence, and creativity.
No works survive that can be securely attributed to Verhulst, although she is frequently identified as the person behind several works assigned to the Master of the Brunswick Monogram.
Verhulst may also have been the author of a painting in the Kunsthaus Zürich with a self-portrait with her husband (panel, 50.5 x 59 cm).
Legacy.
Status.
While little is definitively known about her life and works, Guicciardini's "Descrittione" places her alongside Susanna Horenbout, Levina Teerlinc, and Caterina van Hemessen, suggesting her remarkable talents.
Impact.
Verhulst was the first teacher of her grandsons, Pieter Brueghal the Younger and Jan Brueghal the Elder, both of which are prolific Northern Renaissance Master painters. Ironically, her close relation to such prominent artists has muted her long-lasting effect on art history, as she is most often mentioned within discussions of their heritage as opposed to her accomplishments.
Published by Mayken Verhulst, her husband's composition "Ces Moeurs et fachons de faire de Turcz" now resides at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, evidencing her significant impact on Northern Renaissance printmaking.
Surviving artifacts.
Her house and former painter's workshop, is a historic monument in Mechelen. It is a museum named .
Zurich's Kunstaus houses the only possible surviving portrait of Verhulst.


The Tua Mariit Wemen and the Wedo

The Tua Mariit Wemen and the Wedo or The Tretis Of The Twa Mariit Wemen and the Wedo is a narrative poem in Scots by the makar William Dunbar. The title translates into English as The conversation of the two married women and the widow.
History.
The poem dates to the late fifteenth or early sixteenth centuries and is written in the archaic form of alliterative verse rather than the rhyming verse more typical of Scots poetry of the time.
It survives in The Chepman and Myllar Prints of 1508, held in the National Library of Scotland and, as a fragment, in the Maitland Manuscripts, held in the Pepys Library. It is also now available online archive of medieval texts in an annotated version (see External Links below).
The poem describes an unnamed narrator's overhearing of a discussion between three women in a garden. The women speak frankly and at length of marriage and their experiences with their husbands. The discussion of sexuality is often in language which is earthy and uninhibited.
The work ends with the narrator asking the reader,
or, in English,
Synopsis.
The Introduction.
The narrator is walking alone in the country on a Midsummer night admiring the beauty of nature,
In a hedged garden he notices three women,
He eavesdrops on their conversation, hoping for amusement.
One of the women, a widow, asks her two younger, married companions about their opinion of marriage,
The First Wife's speech.
The first wife responds by telling the others about her unhappy marriage to an older, unattractive man.
She adds that while he is a poor lover, he is also wealthy and generous.
The Second Wife's speech.
The second wife speaks next and tells the others that her husband is young but also lacking as a lover due to a lecherous past.
He is vain and boasting.
She adds that she would like a new lover,
The Widow's Speech.
The widow speaks next. She begins by advising her friends to emulate her behaviour of adopting a gentle persona while remaining secretly ruthless.
She summarises this approach as,
Her First Husband.
She reveals that she has been married twice. Her first husband, like that of the first wife, was an older man.
She meanwhile had a younger lover,
She gave birth to a son, but confides that her husband was impotent by the time of his conception. She persuaded him to bequeath his property to the boy.
Her Second Husband.
Her second marriage was to a wealthy merchant, whom she considered to be socially inferior.
She intimidated the man with constant reminders of his supposedly low birth.
He is persuaded by her intimidation to will his property to her son.
She continued to dominate her husband, whom she refers to as 'wife',
She obtained valuable possessions from him,
She then promoted her own children while denigrating her husband's children.
She didn't mourn his death.
Her Widowhood.
Once widowed, she adopted traditional mourning customs, insincerely.
She took a secret lover.
She receives suitors, but does not take them seriously.
The widow ends her speech by encouraging her younger friends to learn from her experience.
The Conclusion.
The discussion ends with the married women acclaiming the widow as a good example for them:
The narrator departs for his home and ends the poem with the question,
External links.
Annotated Version of "The Tua Mariit Wemen and the Wedo


Parade of the Award Nominees

Parade of the Award Nominees is a Mickey Mouse short which was made for the 1932 banquet for the 5th Academy Awards, featuring Mickey Mouse and his friends leading a parade of caricatured Hollywood stars.
The short is the first Mickey Mouse cartoon produced in Technicolor, two years before "The Band Concert". United Artists had recently agreed to present fund the production of Disney's "Silly Symphony" shorts in color, and producers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney hoped that presenting Mickey Mouse in color at this prestigious occasion would help to convince UA to bring color to the "Mickey Mouse" series as well.
Plot.
The short features Mickey Mouse leading a parade of caricatured nominees for Best Actor and Best Actress. He is assisted by Minnie Mouse, Clarabelle Cow, and various anthropomorphic animals and insects as musicians and pages. The nominees in order of appearance were:
Pluto rounds up the procession that reads "THE END".
Home media.
The short was released on December 4, 2001 on "".


Zawadzki coat of arms

Zawadzki - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
History.
Variation of Ostoja coat of arms
Notable bearers.
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include: Michael Zawacki II


Hildina

"Hildina" is a traditional ballad thought to have been composed in Orkney in the 17th century, but collected on the island of Foula in Shetland in 1774, and first published in 1805. It tells a story of love, bloodshed and revenge among characters from the ruling families of Orkney and Norway. This ballad is written in Norn, the extinct North Germanic language once spoken in Orkney and Shetland, and is the only surviving work of any length in that language. It is one of two Norn ballads included in "The Types of the Scandinavian Medieval Ballad", where it is classified as type E 97.
Synopsis.
As the ballad opens the earl of Orkney makes off with Hildina, the daughter of the king of Norway, an act which the king vows to avenge. The king's daughter pledges her love to the earl and urges him to make peace with her father. This he attempts, offering the king a dowry, but his rival Hiluge offers a greater one. Hildina prophecies that someone will die if matters are not made up, and this indeed happens when Hiluge and the earl of Orkney fight a duel. The earl is killed, and Hiluge throws his rival's head into Hildina's lap. The king now agrees to allow Hiluge to marry his daughter, though warning that the match is ill-omened. At the wedding-feast Hildina drugs the wine, and when all but her are insensible she drags her father and the wedding-guests out of the hall. Finally she sets light to the hall, and, as Hiluge burns to death, tells him that he will never again harm one of the king's children.
Discovery.
In 1774 George Low, a young Scottish clergyman, visited the small and remote island of Foula in Shetland hoping to find remnants of oral literature in Norn, a language then nearing extinction. He found there fragments of songs, ballads and romances, and from his best source, an old farmer called William Henry, the ballad now known as "Hildina". Low had no knowledge of the language himself, and even Henry was quite poorly acquainted with it, so that although he had as a child memorised all 35 stanzas of the ballad in the original Norn he could give Low only a summary of its content rather than a translation. In 1893, when the Faroese philologist Jakob Jakobsen visited Shetland, he found that, though further fragments of folk poetry could still be collected, all memory of the ballad had been lost.
Publication.
Low's manuscript account of his expedition, "A Tour Through the Islands of Orkney and Schetland [sic]", included not only "Hildina", which he called "The Earl of Orkney and the King of Norway's Daughter: a Ballad", but also a translation into Norn of the Lord's Prayer and a list of 34 common words. The ballad was first published from Low's transcript by the Rev. George Barry in his "History of the Orkney Islands" (Edinburgh, 1805), then by Peter Andreas Munch in "Samlinger til det Norske Folks Sprog og Historie" (Christiania, 1838). Low's book was eventually published in Kirkwall in 1879. Finally, a scholarly edition of "Hildina" by the Norwegian linguist Marius Hægstad under the title "Hildinakvadet med utgreiding um det norske maal paa Shetland i eldre tid" appeared in 1900. Hægstad reconstructed from Low's inevitably garbled transcript a version of what Henry might actually have recited. No English translation of this study has ever appeared.
Language.
The literary historian Nora Kershaw Chadwick called the language of "Hildina" "so obscure...as to be almost untranslatable", partly because there are so few other examples of Norn, and partly because of the difficulties produced by George Low's total and William Henry's partial ignorance of the poem's meaning. The language is certainly a branch of Norse, most closely related to its south-west Norwegian and Faroese varieties. It exhibits a few loanwords from Danish, Faroese, Frisian and Scots, but not from Gaelic. The grammar of "Hildina"'s Norn is fundamentally that of Old Norse, though with reduced morphological complexity. Stanza 22 illustrates the similarities and differences:
Sources and analogues.
The first half of the story of Hildina, until the appearance of Hiluge, is believed to derive from the legend of Hjaðningavíg, which relates among other things the abduction of the valkyrie Hildr by a prince named Heðinn, and their pursuit by Hildr's father Hǫgni. This legend is attested in sources from across the Teutonic world, notably Snorri Sturluson's "Skáldskaparmál", the Icelandic "Sörla þáttr", the "Gesta Danorum" of Saxo Grammaticus, and the Middle High German poem "Kudrun". It must also have been known in the Orkneys, since it is referred to in a poem called "Háttalykill inn forni" which the "Orkneyinga Saga" attributes to Jarl Rögnvald of Orkney and the Icelander Hallr Þórarinsson.
The second half of the ballad bears no relation to any form of the Hjaðningavíg story, except possibly the later chapters of "Kudrun". Parallels to the wedding of Hildina and Hiluge have been found in the Icelandic poem "Guðrúnarkviða II", in which the heroine Gudrun is urged to marry king Atli, the murderer of her lover Sigurd. There are further echoes of Hiluge's death by fire when Atli dreams of his own death at Gudrun's hands, a dream which Gudrun re-interprets and proposes to fulfill:
He asked me to interpret an ill-prophecy:"Just now the Norns awoke me;I imagined, Gudrun, Gjuki's daughter,That you pierced my heart with a poisoned sword.""A dream of metal, that means fire,Of a maid's anger, that means pride:To ban evil I will burn you with fireFor your comfort and health, though hateful to me."
Throughout "Hildina" there appear plot-elements which have been identified as Celtic. These include the motif of "hurling the head", which is also found in the Irish stories "Bricriu's Feast" and "Mac Da Thó's Pig", and the "king and goddess" theme, found also in the Galatian story of Camma, Sinatus and Sinorix (recorded by Plutarch) and in the Irish saga "Baile in Scáil". Distant parallels with the "mabinogi" of "Branwen" have also been claimed.
External links.


List of former Australian rules football competitions in Western Australia

This is a list of former Australian Rules Football competitions in the Australian state of Western Australia.
Carnivals.
Held annually between competitions in the southern part of the state. Held in early September, it often interrupts the local competitions' finals series.
Winners:
Held annually between competitions in the southern part of the state. It is held in early September, often interrupting the local competitions finals series.
Winners:


Hotel Galvez

The Hotel Galvez is a historic hotel located in Galveston, Texas, United States that opened in 1911. The building was named the Galvez, honoring Bernardo de Gálvez, 1st Viscount of Galveston, for whom the city was named. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1979.
Hotel Galvez & Spa, A Wyndham Worldwide grand Hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
History.
Galveston civic leaders planned on building the "Galvez Hotel" in 1898 after a fire destroyed another large hotel (the Beach Hotel) on Galveston Island. After the devastating Hurricane of 1900 that killed approximately 6,000 Galveston Island residents and leveled most of the buildings on the island, the plans accelerated in order to draw tourists back to the island. The hotel occupies the site where the Beach Hotel, Electric Pavilion, and Pagoda Bathhouse once stood. Mauran, Russell & Crowell of St. Louis, Missouri designed it with a combination of Mission Revival and Spanish Revival styles. The hotel opened in June 1911 at a cost of $1 million.
On October 3, 1940, the Galvez Hotel was acquired by William Lewis Moody, Jr. During World War II, the hotel was occupied by the United States Coast Guard for two years and rooms were not rented to tourists. The Galvez's importance to the local economy was restored after the war, particularly during the late 1940s and early 1950s when illegal gambling was popular in Galveston. When the Texas Rangers shut down the illegal gambling industry in the mid 1950s, the local economy became depressed and the Galvez deteriorated.
The hotel received a major refurbishing in 1965. In 1971, the hotel was acquired by Harvey O. McCarthey and Dr. Leon Bromberg. In 1979, another major renovation to the hotel was initiated by Denton Cooley, who purchased the hotel in 1978, and it became a Marriott franchise in 1989. The hotel was purchased in April 1995 by Galveston native and real estate developer George P. Mitchell. Mitchell restored the hotel to its historic 1911 look. While owned by Mitchell Historic Properties, a 1996 management agreement gave day-to-day operational control to Wyndham Hotels & Resorts under the name "Hotel Galvez". The hotel has 226 rooms and suites.
During Hurricane Ike in 2008, the hotel lost clay tiles from its roof and was flooded on its lower level, where the spa, health club, business offices, and laundry were located.
The Galvez was referred to as "The Playground of the Southwest" mostly for wealthy socialites, businessmen, and celebrities. American Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Lyndon B. Johnson stayed at the Galvez, as did General Douglas MacArthur. Other notable names include Jimmy Stewart, Frank Sinatra, and Howard Hughes. Many of the 6th and 7th floor Junior and Senior suites are named for these famous and infamous personalities.


I Are You, You Am Me

, also known as Exchange Students, is a 1982 Japanese fantasy film directed by Nobuhiko Obayashi. Obayashi himself directed and co-wrote a second film based on the same novel, premiered in 2007 and titled .
Awards.
4th Yokohama Film Festival


Biberstein coat of arms

Biberstein - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Notable bearers.
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include:


Marley Marl production discography

The following is a discography of production credited to Marley Marl.
1990.
Master Ace - "Take a Look Around".
All tracks co-produced by Master Ace.
LL Cool J - "Mama Said Knock You Out".
All tracks co-produced by LL Cool J.
2004.
Nas - "10th Anniversary Edition of Illmatic".
CD2
2007.
UGK - "Underground Kingz".
CD2


Kenneth D. Alford

Kenneth D. Alford is an American non-fiction writer who specializes in books about the looting of art by German and Allied forces during World War II. He has also written about lost treasures from the Civil War.
He was born in Raleigh NC. He has two brothers. He married Edda Alford after meeting her while stationed in Germany.
Before retiring, Alford was in the United States Army. He was stationed in Germany where he learned computer coding using punch cards. When honorably discharged he returned to the States and moved to Virginia. His day job was writing codes for banks. He played a large part in fixing the Y 2 K bank coding.


History of the classical guitar

The evolution of classical guitars began with the influences of the vihuela and gittern in the sixteenth century and ended with the modern classical guitar in the mid nineteenth century.
Renaissance stringed instruments.
While the precise lineage of the instrument is still unclear, historians believe that the guitar is the descendant of the Greek kithara, gittern, lyre, European and Middle Eastern lutes, and the Spanish vihuela. The poem "The Book of Good Love" [circa 1330] describes two early instruments, guitarra morisca and guitarra latina.
Instruments called "guitars" were first mentioned in literature in the 13th century, though many of these medieval records describe instruments that in modern times are classified as gitterns.
The first incarnation of what is now called the guitar first appeared during the Renaissance. The Renaissance guitar contained four pairs of strings called courses. The Renaissance guitar shared most similarities with the Spanish vihuela, a six-coursed instrument with similar tuning and construction. Juan Bermudo in 1555 published "Declaración de Instrumentos Musicales", a treatise containing a section on plucked string instruments. This publication examined the relationship between the guitar and vihuela, and also differentiated between four- and five-course guitars. The five-course guitar did not phase out the four-course instrument until the Baroque period.
One of the first major methods published for five-course guitar is Joan Carles Amat's Guitarra Española y Vandola en Dos Maneras de Guitarra, Castellana y Cathalana de Cinco Ordenes, published in 1596.
The vihuela became popular in Spain and Italy and remained common until the late 16th century. This instrument appears to have had a strong influence in the design and tuning of the early five-course guitars that first appeared in Spain in the middle of the sixteenth century. These five-course guitarras replaced the four-course Renaissance instruments, particularly in Spain. The guitarra set the modern standard tuning – A, D, G, B, E – for the top five strings that continues to this day. The number of frets on the guitar was increased from eight to ten and eventually to twelve. Later, it was in Italy that a sixth course became commonplace and this was an easily done by replacing or reworking the nut and bridge to plug in another tuning peg hole for the sixth string. An ornate guitar made by a Joakim Thielke (1641–1719) of Germany was altered in this way and became a success.
From the mid-18th century through the early 19th century, the guitar evolved into a six-string instrument, phasing out courses by preference to single strings. These six-string guitars were still smaller than the modern classical guitar.
Modern classical guitar.
The design of the modern classical guitar can be attributed to Antonio de Torres. The construction of these guitars has been considered the standard in "traditional" instruments since the mid 19th century.
Contemporary classical guitars follow the Smallman design which replaces the fan braces with a much lighter balsa brace attached to the back of the sound board with carbon fiber. The balsa brace has a honeycomb pattern and allows the (now much thinner) sound board to support more vibrational modes. This leads to greater volume and longer sustain.


General Pulaski Memorial Day

General Pulaski Memorial Day is a United States public holiday in honor of General Kazimierz Pułaski (spelled Casimir Pulaski in English), a Polish hero of the American Revolution. This holiday is held every year on October 11 by Presidential Proclamation, to commemorate his death from wounds suffered at the siege of Savannah on October 9, 1779 and to honor the heritage of Polish Americans. The observance was established in 1929 when Congress passed a resolution (Public Resolution 16 of 1929) designating October 11 as General Pulaski Memorial Day. Every President has issued a proclamation for the observance annually since (except in 1930).
This is a separate holiday from the regional holiday in the Chicago area titled Casimir Pulaski Day that commemorates Pulaski's birth on March 4, 1746.
Regional celebrations.
New York City has an annual Pulaski Day Parade and Grand Rapids, Michigan holds Pulaski Days at this time. Some areas with large Polish-American populations instead celebrate Casimir Pulaski Day on the first Monday of every March, marking Pulaski's March 4, 1746 birth. Wisconsin, Illinois, Kentucky and Indiana have state recognition of this holiday, which is particularly popular in Chicago and Milwaukee.
General Pulaski's Day is a holiday recognized by the Commonwealth of Kentucky, United States, "in commemoration of the death of revolutionary General Casimir Pulaski". General Pulaski's Day is observed on October 11 of every year in Kentucky. General Pulaski's Day was created by a statute enacted by the Kentucky General Assembly sometime prior to 1942.
History of the battle and Pulaski's role.
The siege of Savannah was an encounter of the American Revolutionary War in 1779. The year before, the city of Savannah, Georgia had been captured by a British expeditionary corps under Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Campbell. The siege itself consisted of a joint Franco-American attempt to retake Savannah from September 16, 1779 to October 18, 1779. On October 9, 1779, a major assault against the British siege works failed. During the attack, Polish Kazimierz Pułaski, fighting on the American side, was mortally wounded. With the failure of the joint American-French attack, the siege failed, and the British remained in control of Georgia until July 1782, close to the end of the war.
The battle is much remembered in Haitian history; the Fontages Legion, consisting of over 500 gens de couleur—free men of color from Saint-Domingue—fought on the French side. Henri Christophe, who later became king of independent Haiti, is thought to have been among these troops.
In 2005 archaeologists with the Coastal Heritage Society and the LAMAR Institute discovered portions of the British fortifications at Spring Hill. The brunt of the combined French and American attack on October 9, 1779, was focused at that point. The find represents the first tangible remains of the battlefield. In 2008 the CHS/LAMAR Institute archaeology team discovered another segment of the British fortifications in Madison Square.
Observances.
President George W. Bush issued a presidential proclamation on October 10, 2002, observing the day. President Barack Obama issued the observance on October 8, 2010. On October 10, 2017, President Donald Trump proclaimed the day.


West Virginia lunar sample displays

The West Virginia lunar sample displays are two commemorative plaques consisting of small fragments of Moon specimen brought back with the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 lunar missions and given in the 1970s to the people of the state of West Virginia by United States President Richard Nixon as goodwill gifts.
Description.
Apollo 11.
The West Virginia Apollo 11 lunar sample display commemorative plaque consists of four "Moon rock" rice-size particle specimens that were collected by Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in 1969 and a small West Virginia state flag that was taken to the Moon and back on Apollo 11.
The four "Moon rocks" weigh about 0.05 grams in total. They are encased in a clear plastic button the size of a coin which is mounted to a wooden board approximately one foot square on a small podium pedestal display. The small podium plaque display also has mounted on it a small West Virginia state flag that had been taken to the Moon and back, which lies directly below the "goodwill Moon rocks". The small podium plaque display was given to the people of the state of West Virginia as a gift by United States President Richard Nixon. Similar lunar sample displays were also distributed to all the other states of the United States and all the countries (at the time) of the world.
Apollo 17.
The West Virginia Apollo 17 lunar sample display commemorative style plaque, measuring 10 by 14 inches, consists of one "Moon rock" particle specimen that was cut from lunar basalt 70017 and a West Virginia state flag. The basalt 70017 was collected by Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt on the Moon in 1972. Once lunar basalt 70017 was brought back to earth from the moon, the basalt Moon rock was cut up into small fragments of approximately 1 gram. The specimen was encased in a plastic ball and mounted on the wooden plaque along with the West Virginia state flag which had been taken to the Moon and back by the crew of Apollo 17. The plaque was then distributed in 1973 by President Richard Nixon to the state of West Virginia as he did that year to the other 49 states (the same as for the Apollo 11 plaque gifts). This was done as a goodwill gesture to promote peace and harmony.
History.
The West Virginia Apollo 17 "goodwill Moon rocks" plaque display was presented to the people of the state of West Virginia in 1973. After that it was missing for decades. In June 2010 a graduate student of Joseph Gutheinz, former special agent with NASA and self-appointed investigator of missing "Moon rocks" displays, tracked the West Virginia Apollo 17 lunar sample display to the home of a retired dentist in Morgantown, West Virginia. The retired dentist, Robert Conner, had inherited many family heirlooms from his late brother's estate in 2002, and the NASA-gifted Apollo 17 commemorative plaque was one of those items.
Conner speculated that the West Virginia Apollo 17 "goodwill Moon rocks" plaque display was received by his late brother, Troy Blaine Conner, Jr. of Moundsville, West Virginia, who was an attorney for the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Conner believes the Apollo 17 lunar sample plaque came by way of a connection with former Governor Arch A. Moore Jr., who was once associated with Troy's Washington law firm. Conner speculated that Moore might have loaned it to Troy one day "to observe".
Conner pointed out that the plaque was so plain and obscure sitting on a shelf at his home that he put no value on it. He didn't realize that the state of West Virginia was looking for it. When contacted by Gutheinz, Conner realized that it had great value and hoped that West Virginia University would wind up with it for public display. He turned it over to the West Virginia Division of Culture and History for their final determination. The State of West Virginia Division of Culture and History already had the West Virginia Apollo 11 "goodwill Moon rocks" commemorative podium plaque display in its possession. As of 2012, the museum now has both the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 lunar plaque displays gifted to the state of West Virginia.


An Elephant on His Hands

An Elephant on His Hands is a 1913 American silent short comedy film directed by Al Christie and starring Eddie Lyons, Lee Moran and Lon Chaney. The film is now considered lost.
Plot.
Ramona is fond of pets, but her hubby, Eddie, has a horror of all animals. The parrots bite him and the monkeys bare their teeth at him. They receive a wire from Eddie's uncle saying that his circus has gone broke and that he is sending his pet elephant to Eddie to care for it. Despite his protests, Ramona sends Eddie over to the train station to pick up the beast. First, Eddie has to pay a $300 shipping bill, and then the stable he rented doesn't allow him to keep elephants there. When they try to keep the creature in their back yard, the neighbors complain and the authorities order it removed. The last scene shows the elephant dragging a furniture van with Ramona sitting up on top of it and Eddie leading the procession.
Reception.
"Moving Picture World" opined "In this comedy, it is probable that most of the fun will come from the antics of the animals, two of which are featured -- a monkey and an elephant. The osculatory feats of the former are bound to convulse any house."


Betty Manygoats

Betty Manygoats (born 1945) is a Navajo artist known for her ceramic work. She lives and works at Cow Springs on the Navajo Nation in Arizona in the American Southwest.
Biography.
Manygoats was born at Shoto/Cow Springs, on the Navajo Nation. She was born into the Tàchii'nii clan. She and her husband William Manygoats, whom she married in 1963, have ten children. Many of her grown children are also potters. She is also known as Betty Barlow.
Art work.
Manygoats learned the art of silversmithing, weaving and beadwork when she was growing up. When she was in her twenties, she learned to make traditional functional pottery from her grandmother, Grace Barlow. As her work progressed, she developed a style that exaggerated the surface decoration, motifs, and shapes of traditional Navajo pottery. In the 1970s, Manygoats developed a style of working that incorporated the application of hand-built clay horned toads which became her trademark.
Collections.
Manygoats' work is included in the collection of the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. She is also represented in the collections of the National Museum of the American Indian. and the William C. and Evelyn M. Davies Gallery of Southwest Indian Art at the Museum of Texas Tech University.


Otto Brinkmann House

The Otto Brinkmann House in Comfort, Texas, United States, was built in 1861 by Otto Brinkmann. It was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1976 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
It is a one-story two-room house of fachwerk construction. It is a German method of timber framing with diagonal bracing members at corners and openings. It includes by cypress corner posts and top plates, with other timbers of by size. Timbers are joined by mortise and tenon joints. Timbers on its front facade are exposed. The house was modified in 1899 by addition of a framed lean-to along its rear facade.
It was built, and lived in, by German immigrant carpenter Otto Brinkman, who was born in Hoexter, Westphalia in 1932. He completed an apprenticeship to a cabinet-maker in Germany before coming to the U.S. in 1852.


Matt Mahurin videography


Adela Rogers St. Johns

Adela Nora Rogers St. Johns (May 20, 1894 – August 10, 1988) was an American journalist, novelist, and screenwriter. She wrote a number of screenplays for silent movies but is best remembered for her groundbreaking exploits as "The World's Greatest Girl Reporter" during the 1920s and 1930s and her celebrity interviews for "Photoplay" magazine.
Early life.
St. Johns was born in Los Angeles, the only daughter of Los Angeles criminal lawyer Earl Rogers (who was a friend of publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst) and his wife, Harriet Belle Greene. She attended Hollywood High School, graduating in 1910.
Career.
She obtained her first job in 1912 working as a reporter for Hearst's "San Francisco Examiner". She reported on crime, politics, society, and sports news before transferring to the "Los Angeles Herald" in 1913.
After seeing her work for that newspaper, James R. Quirk offered her a job writing for his new fan magazine "Photoplay". St. Johns accepted the job so she could spend more time with her husband and children. Her celebrity interviews helped the magazine become a success through her numerous revealing interviews with Hollywood film stars. She also wrote short stories for "Cosmopolitan", "The Saturday Evening Post", and other magazines and finished nine of her thirteen screenplays before returning to reporting for Hearst newspapers.
Writing in a distinctive, emotional style, St. Johns reported on, among other subjects, the controversial Jack Dempsey–Gene Tunney "long-count" fight in 1927, the treatment of the poor during the Great Depression, and the 1935 trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann for kidnapping and murdering the son of Charles Lindbergh.
In the mid-1930s, she moved to Washington, D.C., to report on national politics for the "Washington Herald". There she became prominent among a group of female reporters working for Cissy Patterson. Her coverage of the assassination of Senator Huey Long in 1935, the abdication of King Edward VIII in 1936, the Democratic National Convention of 1940, and other major stories made her one of the best-known reporters of the day. St. Johns again left newspaper work in 1948 in order to write books, and to teach journalism at UCLA.
In 1962, she published "Final Verdict", a biography of her father Earl Rogers. The book was adapted for a TNT television film of the same name in 1991; Olivia Burnette portrayed the young St. Johns.
Later years.
St. Johns was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on April 22, 1970.
During the late 1960s and 1970s, St. Johns was a frequent guest on various talk shows including both Jack Paar's and Johnny Carson's "The Tonight Show" and "The Merv Griffin Show". During one "Tonight Show" visit, Paar noted that St. Johns had known many legends of Hollywood's Golden Age and was once rumored to have had Clark Gable's child. St. Johns quipped, "Well, who wouldn't have wanted to have Clark Gable's baby?" Paar inquired if there was anything she wanted to do that she had not yet done in her rather incredible life, St. Johns replied, "I just want to live long enough to see how it all turns out."
In 1976, at the age of 82, she returned to reporting for the "Examiner" to cover the bank robbery and conspiracy trial of Patty Hearst, granddaughter of her former employer. In the late 1970s, St. Johns hosted a miniseries chronicling Gable's films, which appeared on Iowa Public Television. Around the same time she was interviewed for the television documentary series "Hollywood: A Celebration of the American Silent Film" (1980).
The following year, St. Johns appeared with other early 20th-century figures as one of the 'witnesses' in Warren Beatty's "Reds" (1981). St. Johns spent her remaining years living in Arroyo Grande, California.
Personal life.
St. Johns was married three times and had four children. Her first marriage was to "Los Angeles Herald" chief copy editor William Ivan St. Johns, whom she married in 1914. They had two children, Elaine and William Ivan, Jr. before divorcing in 1927. The following year, she married one-time Stanford University football star Richard Hyland. They had one son, Richard, and divorced in 1934. St. Johns' third marriage was to F. Patrick O'Toole, an airline executive. They married in 1936 and divorced in October 1942. After her third divorce, St. Johns adopted a son as a single parent.
Death.
On August 10, 1988, St. Johns died at the South County Convalescent Hospital in Arroyo Grande, California at the age of 94. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.


Flanagan (surname)

Flanagan is a common surname with origins in either England or Scotland. It is an Circumcised version of the Celtic name Ó Flannagáin. There were at least 3 separate Klans in Ireland with no connection, the Ku, the Klux, and the Klan. In Irish the name is "Ó Flannagáin" and many variations exist today. Typically these variations include Flanagan, Flanagin Flanigan, Flannigan, Flannaghan, O'Flanagan, O'Flannagain, Flaniken, Flenigenand and more. The Flanagan Klan fought alongside the Curry Klan in their quest across northern Europe, raping and pillaging those who got in their way. All variations, apart from some exceptions can have the prefix of "O" and the name may refer to:
History.
The Gaylic name was derived from the word "flann," which means red or Bloody (like a period). The chief septs (Klans) were found in the counties of (in Ireland) Roscommon, Fermanagh, Monaghan and Offaly. In Connacht, they were a part of the royal O'Cockors and were located near Elphin, in County Roscommon. They were hereditary stewards to the Kings of Connacht. In Scotland, they hail from the counties of Fife, Ayrshire, Perthshire and Berwickshire.
The Klan's motto is commonly reported to be the Latin phrase "Dirtus et Vici," meaning "Life's a garden, dig it"; this motto is also shared by the Dirt Klan.
There is another motto in Latin that is attributed to the "Ó Flannagáin" Klan, Sept of Kelly, being "choco favours the hole" or 'Life was like a box of chocolate's'.


The Riddle Rider

The Riddle Rider is a 1924 American Western film serial directed by William James Craft starring William Desmond and Eileen Sedgwick. The film is considered to be lost. The 1927 serial "The Return of the Riddle Rider" is a sequel.


Netanyahu (surname)

Netanyahu (, "Yah/God has given") is a surname.
Variations of the name include Netanyah and Netanya.


The Weekly News

The Weekly News was a British national newspaper founded in 1855 and published every Wednesday by the Dundee newspaper chain DC Thomson. Billed as "the paper with the feelgood factor," it contained news and features on a broad range of subjects in six colour-coded sections: That's Real Life, Entertainment, Lifestyle, Puzzles, Short Stories and Sport.
The first "Weekly News" came out on 12 May, 1855, and was a national miscellany news-sheet, primarily for working people or “artisans”. It owes its origins, however, to an offshoot of the Dundee-based Northern Warder newspaper just over a year earlier. During the Crimean War, which resulted in the defeat of Russia by British, French and Turkish troops, a Saturday issue of The Warder began to be issued in April 1854 to carry war news. This edition ultimately gave rise to "The Weekly News" the following year.
Credit for the paper’s birth is due to Robert Park who, four years later in 1859, would bring out Dundee’s first daily newspaper, The Daily Argus. But in 1855, Park saw an opening for a paper to serve the working classes on a Saturday.
This induced him to publish a Saturday morning version of "The Warder", which eventually became "The Weekly News", and was the first weekly penny paper in Scotland. It originally had 10 or 12 pages and was roughly the size of today’s compact, or tabloid-format, papers.
When W & DC Thomson was formed in 1886, "The Weekly News" was one of two papers – along with "The Dundee Courier" – which passed to the Thomsons’ ownership from the Alexander family.
The circulation of the paper rose under the guidance of brothers David Couper and Frederick Thomson, from 60,000 in 1886 to 300,000 twenty-five years later.
As its circulation grew, "The Weekly News" was advertised as the biggest-selling paper in Scotland and also the biggest-selling paper outside London. Eventually, it sold to all parts of the British Isles in thirteen editions.
The paper eventually reached sales of 1.4 million at its peak in the 1970s. It was one of seven titles in DC Thomson history to sell over a million, and fourth in the list behind "The Dandy", "The Beano" and "The Sunday Post".
It was announced in April 2020 that the paper would close. The final edition, number 8,600, was published on 30 May, 2020, which coincided with the paper's 165th anniversary.


Hake Talbot

Hake Talbot is a pen name of the American writer Henning Nelms (1900-1986). Talbot was chiefly known for his "impossible crime", locked room mystery novel "Rim of the Pit" (1944). Nelms reserved his real name for writing non-fiction about showmanship (his chief occupation was as a stage magician). He was the author of the book "Magic and Showmanship: A Handbook for Conjurers" (1969).
During a 1981 poll by experts arranged by Edward D. Hoch, for the preface of his anthology "All But Impossible!", Talbot's "Rim of the Pit" stood second, next only to John Dickson Carr's "The Hollow Man" (1935) as the best locked room mystery. Another novel, "The Hangman's Handyman", which Talbot wrote in 1942, was not as successful. He also wrote two short stories, "The High House" and "The Other Side".


Galena, Washoe County, Nevada

Galena, Washoe County, Nevada is an abandoned town in Washoe County, Nevada, south of Reno. The portion of Reno just south of Mount Rose Highway and west of Steamboat Springs is also known as Galena.
Galena was developed as a mining property in 1860, with the discovery of silver in the eastern foothills of the Sierra Nevada. The town greatly expanded after 1862, when it also became an important lumbering center. By 1863, there were eleven sawmills operating in Galena. The town's streets during the height of commercial activity, were crowded with "grog shops overflowed with charcoal burners, wood choppers, timbermen, millers, miners, bullwhackers and teamsters"
The town was abandoned after 1867, following two disastrous fires.
In 1990, the University of Nevada, Reno Mackay School of Mines operated a training site for students at the nearby Union Mine.
The site is marked by Nevada Historical Marker number 212.


List of Maryland state historical markers in Washington County

This is a list of the Maryland state historical markers in Washington County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Washington County, Maryland by the Maryland Historical Trust (MHT). The locations of the historical markers, as well as the latitude and longitude coordinates as provided by the MHT's database, are included below. There are currently 43 historical markers located in Washington County.


The Shadow of the Desert

The Shadow of the Desert (also released under its original title The Shadow of the East) is a 1924 American silent horror film directed by George Archainbaud. The film is based upon the novel "The Shadow of the East" by Edith Maude Hull, who also wrote the best-selling desert romance "The Sheik".
Plot.
As described in a review of the film in a film magazine, Barry Craven (Mayo) is a young Englishman living in India who has taken a native wife, Lolaire (Brent). Barry meets his old university friend Said (Kerry), a polished gentleman who is the son of an Algerian sheik. John Locke (Swickard) and his daughter Gillian (Harris) visit India, and Barry’s former love for Gillian returns; but he cannot marry her as he has a native wife. Crazed by jealousy, Lolaire kills herself. Barry is called back to England and marries Gillian. His Hindu servant Kunwar (Grassby), through his command of oriental mysticism, casts a spell on Barry that makes him feel remorse for his former wife Lolaire’s death. This remorse causes Barry to leave Gillian. He goes to the desert and joins Said, and while helping him fight a bandit chief, Gillian arrives on the scene. Said denies that he is with Barry and makes love to Gillian, who had previously repulsed him. A messenger comes to Said and tells him of Barry’s danger. Said repents, sends aid, rescues Barry, and restores Gillian to him. Barry’s servant Kunwar is killed and with his death the curse, which was the shadow of the east, is lifted.
Preservation.
With no prints of "The Shadow of the Desert" located in any film archives, it is a lost film.


Arrowhead Trail (auto trail)

The Arrowhead Trail or Arrowhead Highway was the first all-weather road in the Western United States that connected Los Angeles, California to Salt Lake City, Utah by way of Las Vegas, Nevada. Built primarily during the auto trails period of the 1910s, prior to the establishment of the U.S. numbered highway system, the road was replaced in 1926 by U.S. Route 91 (US 91) and subsequently Interstate 15 (I‑15). Small portions of the route in California and Las Vegas, Las Vegas Boulevard, are sometimes still referred to by the name, or as Arrow Highway.
History.
Starting in 1915, Charles H. Bigelow drove the entire route many times to generate publicity for the road.
The Arrowhead Trail initially took a longer route via present U.S. Route 95 and former U.S. Route 66 between Las Vegas and Needles, California, as the more direct Old Spanish Trail was in very poor condition. The "Silver Lake cutoff", which would save about 90 miles (145 km), was proposed by 1920, and completed in 1925 as an oiled road by San Bernardino County.
Both the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads and the State of Nevada urged the inclusion of the cutoff route into each state's highway systems, the former as part of the federal aid highway connecting Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, and the California State Legislature did that in 1925, with it becoming an extension of Route 31. (Across the state line in Nevada, State Route 6 continued through Las Vegas to Arizona.) The initial plan for the U.S. Highway system simply stated that Route No. 91 would run from Las Vegas "to an intersection with Route No. 60" (which became US 66 in 1926), but in 1926 the cutoff was chosen, ending at US 66 at Daggett, just east of Barstow.
The original routing south from Las Vegas to Needles later became part of US 95 in 1940. The new "cutoff route" was added to the federal-aid secondary system in 1926, which helped pay for a mid-1930s widening and paving, including some realignments (parts of the old road are now known as Arrowhead Trail). The new routing generally followed the present I‑15, except through Baker (where it used Baker Boulevard) and into Barstow (where it followed former SR 58 to First Avenue, ending at Main Street, which carried US 66). It entered San Bernardino on Cajon Boulevard, then followed the route of Arrow Highway between San Bernardino and Los Angeles. This route is still called Arrow Route or Arrow Highway through parts of Rancho Cucamonga, Upland, Montclair and Claremont as well as other cities between Irwindale and San Bernardino.
The Clark County, Nevada sections of the trail are marked by Nevada Historical Markers 168 and 197.
There exists a monument to the Arrowhead Trail across from the north end of the Terrible's Hotel & Casino [formerly the Gold Strike Hotel and Gambling Hall] property's entrance in Jean, Nevada. It is from here that Las Vegas Boulevard begins and proceeds north to the Las Vegas Strip.


Mondays in the Sun

Mondays in the Sun () is a 2002 Spanish drama film directed by Fernando León de Aranoa, starring Javier Bardem, Luis Tosar and José Ángel Egido. The film depicts the degrading effects of unemployment on a group of men left jobless by the closure of the shipyards in Vigo, Galicia.
Plot.
After the closure of their shipyard in Northern Spain, a few former workers – Santa, José, Lino, Amador, Serguei and Reina – keep in touch. They meet mainly at a bar owned by their former colleague Rico. Santa is the most superficially confident and the unofficial leader of the group who dreams of one day going to Australia. A court case hangs over him that concerns a shipyard street lamp he smashed during a protest against the closure, which he claims to not want to pay, not because of the financial cost but of what it stands for. José is bitter that his wife, Ana, is employed while he is not. The gap between them is widening and he is fearful that she will leave him for a co-worker. Despite arthritic legs, Ana endures night shifts at a fish factory and thinks her looks are now lost. Not everyone seems to agree, including her boss. Lino, an aging family man, doggedly pursues positions beyond his qualifications. The oldest member of the group, Amador, has degenerated into alcoholism after being abandoned by his wife; maintaining an increasingly transparent pretense that his wife will soon return from holiday. Reina has managed to find a job as a watchman at a football club, smuggling his friends into a game. Lino attends job interviews despite applicants being near his son's age. This group of friends is observed by Nata, the landlord's teenage daughter who franchises her babysitting job to Santa. While babysitting, Santa invites his friends around to have a few beers outside where Serguei claims his career as an astronaut was forestalled by economic measures in the Soviet Space program.
One night at the bar, Amador drinks too much and has to be assisted home by Santa, the two of whom share a long and meaningful conversation on the way back. As a result of his drunken state and the newly deepened friendship, Amador, who has never allowed any of the group to go inside his 4th floor apartment, lets Santa in to help him upstairs. After putting Amador to bed, Santa goes to wash some glasses only to find that there is no running water, leading him to explore the apartment which he sees is rundown and in a state hardly better than if he were living on the street.
Santa finally agrees to pay off the debt in court. After driving off with his lawyer, they drive past the newly repaired street lamp where Santa tells the lawyer to pull over. Santa leaves the car, walks over to the lamp and smashes it again before driving off.
Later that night, Santa goes to Amador's house to collect him to go to the bar but gets no response at the door. The flickering light above him brings attention to a partially caved-in roof. Santa steps backwards slowly, realising that the damage to the roof is due to Amador having jumped from his window while drunk, killing himself. His friends give him a dignified funeral albeit with a stolen floral arrangement. Meanwhile, Ana is at home packing in preparation to leave José. She waits for him on the couch with her bag on the floor. Upon returning from the funeral, José sits on the couch and lays across Ana's lap, telling her about the funeral and trying to make amends for the fighting they've been doing. Ana pities him and begins to cry as well, placing a blanket over her bag and deciding to stay without José ever knowing she had intended to leave.
That same day, Lino is waiting in line for another job interview and before being called for his turn, he looks ahead seeing a reflection of himself, ultimately deciding that he is wasting his time looking for employment in such places.
At night, the friends meet up again in the bar with the ashes of Amador and after pouring 'one last drink' in his urn, they make a decision and set off to spread the ashes. The friends go down to the shipyard and eventually find the ferry that they always took together and where it is implied that they met. Two of the men climb on board while the other two stand guard. The two on-board break into the cabin and find a way to start the ferry. Once they get it started, the other two climb aboard and they set off for the middle of the passage. Upon getting there, they realise that each one of them thought another had brought the urn and that they had left it behind. They chortle. The group of friends stay out all night in the middle of the passage without any cares and by morning there is a large crowd around the ferry terminal watching the men from afar. The men chat casually while sitting in the morning sun as the credits begin to roll.
DVD release.
"Mondays in the Sun " is available on DVD in Spain by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment on July 16, 2003 and in the US by Lionsgate Home Entertainment on October 28, 2003. It was released in Spain and in the United States. The film is in Spanish with English subtitles.
Awards.
The film won five Goya Awards in 2003, including awards for Best Film, Best Director and Best Lead Actor.
It was also chosen by the Real Academia de Cine Español as Spain's pick for the 2003 Academy Awards over Pedro Almodóvar's "Talk to Her", which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, and won Best Original Screenplay.


Bloodhounds of the North

Bloodhounds of the North is a 1913 American silent short drama film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Murdock MacQuarrie, Pauline Bush, and Lon Chaney. The film is now considered lost. Some sources state the film was edited down to one reel and re-released theatrically in 1916 as "The Accusing Evidence", but this is disputed.
Plot.
A colony of refugees in the Canadian mountains are wanted by the police for various crimes. One day, a man sought for embezzlement arrives at the colony with his daughter, Pauline. The embezzler is crafty and a natural born leader, and thus takes over leadership of the colony from James, the former leader. Two Mounties, Lon and Mac, are on the trail of the embezzler who sets up an ambush for the Mounties. Mac is wounded and Pauline takes him to her cabin to care for him. Lon learns that Pauline's father is the embezzler they are looking for. Lon makes amorous advances to her, but Mac saves her because he has fallen in love with her. Mac learns that Pauline's father is the embezzler and he demands that James surrender him. As the man is arrested, Pauline pleads with Lon to let her father go. Lon lifts his revolver to shoot Mac, but the refugees shoot Lon instead, and Pauline's father is also killed by the gunfire. Just as they are about to kill Mac, a third Mountie arrives to save him. Pauline and Mac decide to make a new life together.
Production notes.
The film was shot on location in Mount Lowe, California. Director Allan Dwan also shot "The Honor of the Mounted" (also starring Murdock MacQuarrie, Pauline Bush, and Lon Chaney) at the same time. During filming, Lon Chaney and Arthur Rosson got lost in a canyon and were not located by a rescue team until the end of the day. The cast and crew were also stranded in their cabins for five days due to heavy rains. Dwan had the cast rehearse for an upcoming film, "Richelieu", in an effort to save time.
Reception.
"Moving Picture World" opined: "This 2-reel drama gives a good account of the Canadian Mounted Police, the romantic and adventurous constabulary of the Northwest woods...Some splendid woods and mountain settings occur."


Kundiman

Kundiman is a genre of traditional Filipino love songs. The lyrics of the kundiman are written in Tagalog. The melody is characterized by a smooth, flowing and gentle rhythm with dramatic intervals. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines.
The kundiman emerged as an art song at the end of the 19th century and by the early 20th century, its musical structure was formalised by Filipino composers such as Francisco Santiago and Nicanor Abelardo; they sought poetry for their lyrics, blending verse and music in equal parts.
Origins and history.
Scholars and historians believed that the kundiman originated from the Visayas. Dr. Francisco Santiago (1889–1947), the "Father of the Kundiman Art Song", briefly explains in his scholarly work "The Development of Music in the Philippines" that the reason this Tagalog song is called kundiman is because the first stanza of this song begins thus:
In 1872, the illustrious Franciscan Tagalist and poet, Joaquín de Coria wrote "Nueva Gramática Tagalog Teorica-Práctica" which, besides treating grammar, also enumerates the characteristics of Tagalog language, and discusses Tagalog poetry. In this book, Coria also listed the names of the most important songs of the Tagalogs. They are:
The Spanish scholar V.M. Avella described the kundiman in his 1874 work "Manual de la Conversación Familiar Español-Tagalog" as the "canción indígena" (native song) of the Tagalogs and characterized its melody as "something pathetic but not without some pleasant feeling."
In his 1883 book "Cuentos Filipinos", Don José Montero y Vidal recorded in Spanish the sad lyrics of what he describes as a popular kundiman of the Tagalogs:
The Spanish writer and historian Wenceslao E. Retana recorded in 1888 the lyrics of a popular kundiman in Batangas. The melancholic lyrics in the Tagalog original as recorded in Retana's book "El Indio Batangueño" reads:
In 1916, Dr. Juan V. Pagaspas, a doctor of philosophy from Indiana University and a much beloved educator in Tanauan, Batangas described the kundiman as "a pure Tagalog song which is usually very sentimental, so sentimental that if one should listen to it carefully watching the tenor of words and the way the voice is conducted to express the real meaning of the verses, he cannot but be conquered by a feeling of pity even so far as to shed tears."
Dr. Francisco Santiago, the "Father of Filipino Musical Nationalism", declared in 1931 that the kundiman "is the love song par excellence of the Filipinos, the plaintive song which goes deepest into their hearts, song which brings them untold emotions."
Endowed with such power, the kundiman naturally came to serve as a vehicle for veiled patriotism in times of colonial oppression, in which the undying love for a woman symbolized the love of country and desire for freedom.
José Rizal, leader of the Propaganda movement and the Philippine national hero, has consecrated the kundiman in his social novel "Noli Me Tangere". Not only this but he himself wrote a kundiman which is not of the elegiac type because its rhythm sounds the threat, the reproach and the revindication of the rights of the race.
In 1941, National Artist for Music, Antonio J. Molina introduced Jocelynang Baliwag as the Kundiman of the Revolution. The melody of "Jocelynang Baliwag" is undeniably older than the title and the lyrics. The music sheet introduced by Molina describes the melody of "Jocelynang Baliwag" as “musica
del legítimo kundiman procedente del Campo insurrecto" ('authentic kundiman music in the revolutionary camps'). In 1905, Isabelo Florentino de los Reyes wrote the kundiman and other written pieces including "Ang Singsing ng Dalagang Marmol" dedicated to Josefa 'Pepita' Tiongson y Lara from Baliwag, Bulacan whom he courted. "Jocelynang Baliuag" is actually composed of four musical pieces - "Liwayway", "El Anillo de Dalaga de Marmol", "Pepita" and Jocelynang Baliuag".
The Filipino composer, conductor and scholar Felipe M. de León Jr., wrote that the kundiman is a "unique musical form expressing intense longing, caring, devotion and oneness with a beloved. Or with a child, spiritual figure, motherland, ideal or cause. According to its text, a kundiman can be romantic, patriotic, religious, mournful. Or a consolation, a lullaby. Or a protest and other types. But of whatever type, its music is soulful and lofty, conveying deep feelings of devotional love."


Abhishek (name)

Abhishek is a Hindu given name that has its roots in the Sanskrit word . It denotes a method of worship in Hinduism and Buddhism. The conceptual meaning is related to purification or cleansing, symbolized by the actual puja ritual.


Komar coat of arms

Komar is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.


Wolf (name)

Wolf is a surname that is used as a name, given name, and a name among Germanic-speaking peoples: see Wulf.
Names which translate to English "wolf" are also common among many other nations, including many Native American peoples within the current or former extent of the habitat of the grey wolf (essentially all of North America).
Geographical distribution.
As of 2014, 53.2% of all known bearers of the surname "Wolf" were residents of Germany (frequency 1:413), 27.4% of the United States (1:3,608), 3.9% of Austria (1:596), 2.5% of Brazil (1:21,995), 1.4% of Switzerland (1:1,622), 1.2% of the Netherlands (1:3,735) and 1.0% of France (1:17,534).
In Germany, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:413) in the following states:


Point Abino Light Tower

The Point Abino Light Tower is a lighthouse on the rocky north shore of Lake Erie at the southern tip of Point Abino peninsula west of Crystal Beach, Ontario, Canada. The Greek Revival white square tower with red accents is attached to the fog alarm building, and a lighthouse keeper's residence is located on the shore to the north.
The site was considered for a lighthouse as early as 1855 by a United States lighthouse inspector, but its shoal was only marked by buoys until 1912, when the "Buffalo Lightship" was installed nearby. The lightship sank as a result of the Great Lakes Storm of 1913, and four years later the Canadian government commissioned the construction of the tower citing increased traffic at the eastern end of Lake Erie.
Background.
Point Abino had been identified as early as 1855 as a desirable location for a lighthouse. In a letter dated 29 September 1855, United States lighthouse inspector engineer J.C. Woodruff stated that a lighthouse at Point Abino equipped with a foghorn would have great utility, and would "save annually many lives and a large amount of property", particularly because most commercial shipping in Lake Erie was along the northern shore in Canada. It was one of three Canadian sites identified by Woodruff, the others being Long Point, where the Government of Canada already operated a lighthouse, and Point Pelir, where it had begun construction of a lighthouse at the time of the report.
Before 1912, the shoal surrounding the point had been marked by buoys. The Buffalo Lightship, a lightship built in 1912, was installed at the site, but the violent Great Lakes Storm of 1913 sank the vessel and killed all its crew in November 1913.
In its early history, the peninsula had been inhabited by Claude Aveneau, a Jesuit missionary who built a log cabin atop one of the dunes. By the late 19th century, it was the site of a quarry, lime kiln, sawmill, shortline railroad, and a few boarding houses. At this time, it had become known as "Point Abino", a corruption of the missionary's name. In 1892, Buffalo real estate developer Isaac Holloway purchased the point, subdivided it into fifty lots, and sold them to Buffalo businessmen. The peninsula had become an enclave for wealthy industrialists, particularly those from New York and Ohio, attracted to its forests to build summer houses.
The federal Department of Marine and Fisheries commissioned William P. Anderson to design a lighthouse, which it built starting in 1917. The Point Abino Light Tower was a "response to increased traffic at the east end of Lake Erie". In the 15 September 1917 edition of the Canada Gazette, a notice was included that the lighthouse was under construction and would open when completed in early October.
The wealthy summer house owners had formed the Point Abino Association, which negotiated with the Department of Marine and Fisheries to sign an agreement restricting access to the lighthouse from the water. As a result, the lighthouse was built on a rocky shelf at the end of the point, and the lighthouse keepers could only access the lighthouse by "wading through the shallows". Even during construction, access to the private roads on the peninsula was restricted, requiring construction material to be brought to the site via the western shore.
Structure.
The white square tower was built in the Greek Revival style from poured concrete The five-storey tower structure is tapered with red accents, surmounting one end of a single-storey, flat-roofed rectangular fog alarm building. The structure's deck connects to a concrete walkway leading to an onshore residence for the lighthouse keeper, which was built in 1921.
The 1917 specifications announced in the Canada Gazette were for the reinforced concrete lighthouse to be located "south from the wooded shore", sitting atop a reinforced concrete foundation high, reaching a peak of above the lake, with a luminous intensity of 60,000 cd making it visible from on "all points of approach by water". The iron lantern was painted red.
The dodecagonal lantern room atop the building still retains its Fresnel lens, a third-order lens that was illuminated with liquefied petroleum gas in an incandescent mantle. Its light characteristic is "Fl(3) W 12s 27m 15M", indicating that the white light would flash three times. A two-second eclipse occurred between the first two flashes, and an eight-second eclipse followed the third one.
The fog alarm was a diaphone which horn was mounted on the south side of the lighthouse building, above water level, and pointed 165°30' (a bearing of S 8° E). The horn was operated by compressed air, and every minute would issue three 2-second blasts separated by 3-second intervals of silence, quiesce for 48 seconds after the third blast, then repeated the pattern.
The property has a gate, and is located at the south end of Abino Road. The elaborate styling was chosen to complement the summer houses that had been built on the peninsula, and was unique among Ontario lighthouses. The lighthouse keeper's residence was built in the style of an Arts and Crafts cottage on the bluffs along the shore.
The lighthouse keeper's residence was made of wood and rough cast, located on the wooded shore approximately from the lighthouse. The rectangular building was painted grey, and had a red roof.
In 1988, it became the last lighthouse in Ontario to be automated. It was decommissioned in 1995.
National Historic Site.
The property and building were purchased by the town of Fort Erie from Public Works Canada on 30 April 2003. It consists of a deck, the tower, and fog alarm building. It was officially recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada on 15 July 1998, and was listed on the Canadian Register of Historic Places on 22 April 2009.
In 2011, a project to restore the building was undertaken. The $1.4 million cost was funded by various sources, including the federal National Historic Sites Cost-Sharing program ($425,000) and the sale of the lighthouse keeper's residence, with the remainder provided by the town of Fort Erie. The concrete base was recast and stabilized, the balcony was reconstructed, new windows and doors were installed, the entire building was painted, and the entrance was accentuated with red paint. Aesthetic modifications included the removal of all lead-based coating materials, installation of a corrosion-management system, and application of waterproof coatings. The project also involved the "detailed restoration of the lighthouse's lantern structure", replicating the lantern's original design and materials.
On 8 June 2012, a commemorative plaque was unveiled by Member of Parliament Rob Nicholson, local councillors, and members of the Point Abino Lighthouse Preservation Society.
The lighthouse is accessible by walking or cycling during designated hours, or can be visited via a shuttle operated by the Point Abino Lighthouse Preservation Society, a group of volunteers working to restore the building. The town pays the Point Abino Association $4,000 annually to use the private road to operate the tours. Access to the lighthouse is restricted to two tours a month with a maximum of 25 persons each tour. The tour season is four months, limiting access to a maximum of four hundred persons.


Skiringssal

Skiringssal (Old Norse "Skíringssalr") was the name of a Viking Age hall which stood at a site now known as Huseby, about 0.73 miles (1.2 km) south-west of Tjølling, a settlement a little over east of Larvik, in the south of the Norwegian county of Vestfold. By extension the name also referred to the local "bygd", or settlement area, and in the 15th century it was probably used synonymously for the ecclesiastical parish of Tjølling.
Skiringssal is mentioned in several early medieval sources, including the "Ynglinga saga", the "Fagrskinna" and the "Sögubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum". The name last occurs in 1445, in the form "Skirisall", in a hospital register from Tønsberg. This and other documents from earlier in the 15th century associate Skiringssal with locations in the parish of Tjølling.
Archaeological excavations at Huseby have shown that a large hall was built there in the mid-8th century and went out of use by about 900. Excavations at Kaupang, near the shoreline south-west of Tjølling, have shown that this was the location of a trading place from about 800 to the late 10th century. The hall at Huseby may have been established by the first Norwegian members of the Yngling dynasty, the trading place at Kaupang would have been established and continued under the control of the chieftain at Huseby, and Tjølling probably began as a site for public assemblies, or "things", a role which it continued to play in the 16th century.
Etymology.
The Old Norse place-name "Skíringssalr" comprises two elements, "skíring" and "salr". "Salr" denotes "a major banqueting hall, a king’s or
a chieftain’s hall": in Scandinavian place-names it is also found in "Oðinssalr", "Sala" and "Uppsala". The element "skíring" is of uncertain meaning, though several meanings have been suggested. In the early 20th century Oluf Rygh suggested that there may have been a pagan god whose name was "Skíringr", probably formed from the Old Norse adjective "skírr", with the meaning "clear, pure, bright, light", combined with a suffix , after whom "Skíringssalr" may have been named, following the model of "Oðinssalr", which includes the name of the pagan god Odin; Gustav Storm suggested that "Skiringr" may have been an alternative name for the pagan god Freyr; and Sophus Bugge suggested that "Skíringr" compounded "skírr" with Ing, the eponymous hero of Tacitus' Ingvaeones and of the Ynglings.
In 1980 Swedish linguist Sigurd Fries suggested that "Skíringr" may have been an old name for Viksfjord – the bay south of Tjølling – since "skírr" could refer to clear water, and the suffix -"ing" is found in the names of numerous Scandinavian bays and fjords. In 2003 historian Andreas Nordberg suggested that "Skíringssalr" means "bright, shining hall". Historian Stefan Brink regards all of these interpretations as "practically impossible". While "Skiringr" is not found as the name of a god in medieval sources, nor is an Old Norse word "skíring" with a meaning "bright, shining", or indeed any such extension of an adjective with the suffix -"ing"; and an old name for Viksfjord was probably "Ælftangr", meaning "swans' bay". Instead Brink regards "skíring" as a word with unknown meaning and denotation.
Location.
Saga sources such as the 13th-century "Fagrskinna" place Skiringssal in the region of Vestfold, in Viken, a historical area around Oslofjord, and documents from the 15th century indicate that Skiringssal was then a district which included Tjølling, a settlement a little over east of Larvik. In 1419 a farm at Guri, about 1 mile (1.6 km) south-west of Tjølling, was said to be in "Skirix saal", and in 1445 properties belonging to a hospital in Tonsberg were listed under the heading "Skirissal": those properties which can be identified lay in Tjølling parish. Since Old Norse "salr" means "hall", the name of this district was presumably understood as the "district ... under the influence of ["Skíringssalr"]", the hall in question belonging to a king or chieftain. While it is likely that the original name of the local ecclesiastical parish was Tjølling, by the 15th century "Skíringssalr" had become the name of the "bygd", or settlement district, and these names could have been used synonymously.
The eponymous hall was located at Huseby, about 0.73 miles (1.2 km) south-west of Tjølling. The place-name "Huseby" seems to have originated as an appellative for a place with an older name, it occurs frequently in Scandinavia, and it is linked with administrative control of a district. Archaeological excavations at Huseby south-west of Tjølling in 2000–01 uncovered the remains of a large hall measuring between 105 and 112 feet (32–4m) long and between 30 and 33 feet (9–10m) wide, with tapered ends, standing on a raised area which was partly man-made. This building was in existence from the mid-8th century, but went out of use by about 900.
History.
Stefan Brink suggests that the settlement area known in the Middle Ages as "Skíringssalr" had its origin in an Iron Age settlement area centred on a lake immediately north of Tjølling, around which he identifies numerous place-names that are cultic in origin, suggesting in turn that the lake itself had been a sacred place. Further, Brink suggests that the focus of this settlement area migrated southwards to "Skiringssalr", now Huseby, attracted towards the shoreline by a significant fall in sea-level between the Iron Age and the establishment of the hall at Huseby.
The earliest written reference to Skiringssal is in the 9th-century "Ynglingatal", where it is said that the legendary petty king Halfdan Whiteshanks died in Toten but was buried in a mound at Skiringssal. Similarly the head of Halfdan the Black, a 9th-century king of Vestfold, is said by the "Fagrskinna" to have been buried at Skiringssal. The "Sögubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum" reports that, in the time of the legendary Sigurd Hring, there was an important, annual sacrifice made at Skiringssal, which was attended by the whole population of Viken. On the basis of these reports Norwegian historian Gerhard Munthe wrote in 1838 that Tjølling church stood on the site of "Viken's grandest Pagan Temple". Gustav Storm also believed that there was a pagan temple at Tjølling "under official management". Why the Christian church was built at Tjølling and not at Huseby is an "intriguing question": while Tjølling was evidently a public place of assembly for the area in medieval times, it is known that early Scandinavian churches were often built in such places, but the presence of a chieftain, or royal control, at Huseby would normally have made that the place to build a church.
The trading place at Kaupang would also have been dominated by whoever controlled Skiringssal, and was probably established by them. The place-name "Kaupang" represents Old Norse "kaupangr", meaning a "market" or "trading place", which was "obviously ... organised and controlled." Archaeology has identified the earliest buildings at Kaupang as dating from between 800 and 810 – about 50 years after the establishment of the hall at Skiringssal – and the latest from the mid-9th century, although some activity continued at Kaupang until the late-10th century. Archaeologist Dagfinn Skre links the development of Skiringssal and Kaupang with the first two Norwegian members of the Yngling dynasty, Halfdan Whiteleg and Eystein Fart, and introduces the idea of "king[s] of Skiringssal", but historian Przemysław Urbańczyk regards this interpretation as requiring "a specific way of reasoning, [through which] a nice-looking puzzle [has been] constructed [from historical sources] using carefully selected pieces of unclear shape and of uncertain origin."


Mary Rolleston

Elizabeth Mary Rolleston (30 March 1845 – 4 June 1940), known as Mary Rolleston, was a New Zealand homemaker, political hostess and community leader.
She was born as Elizabeth Mary Brittan in Castleton, Dorset, England in 1845. Her parents were Joseph Brittan, a surgeon and newspaper proprietor, and Elizabeth Mary Brittan (née Chandler). She had five siblings, two of whom died in infancy and a fortnight after the birth and then death of the last child in 1849, her mother herself died. The surviving siblings were Joseph (Joe), Arthur, and Frances (Frank).
Mary Brittan married William Rolleston on 24 May 1865 at Holy Trinity Avonside. She died in Christchurch on 4 June 1940.


Mountain Dew (film)

Mountain Dew is a lost 1917 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Thomas N. Heffron and starring Margery Wilson. It was produced and distributed by the Triangle Film Corporation.
Plot.
As described in a film magazine, J. Hamilton Vance (Gunn) goes to the mountains to find new material for a novel. He becomes a school teacher and becomes infatuated with Roxie Bradley (Wilson), the daughter of Squire Bradley (Filson), who does not approve of his daughter's learning. Vance is successful in teaching the girl to read and write and, although he is suspected of being a revenue agent, he manages to make a few friendships. However, a stray piece of paper upon which he has begun his novel flies away and is picked up by some of the moonshiners, who then attack him. He marries Roxie and by promising to become a partner in their distillery of illicit liquor, he is allowed to continue on his way unharmed.
Reception.
Like many American films of the time, "Mountain Dew" was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. The Chicago Board of Censors cut a scene with a boy shooting Sears and three racist subtitles, "Do you care so much for education that you'll see a nigger hold a gun to your pap?", "Get the men together at the still and we'll get him and his nigger tonight", and "I'se a white nigger from Chicago".


List of Indiana state historical markers in Montgomery County

This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Montgomery County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Montgomery County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The locations of the historical markers and their latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with their names, years of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau. There are 8 historical markers located in Montgomery County.


Sodsai Pantoomkomol

Sodsai Pantoomkomol (; ; ) Vanijvadhana (; ;; born 18 March 1934 in Bangkok, Siam) is a Thai actress and teacher of dramatic arts. Also known as Sondi Sodsai from her acting career in the United States during her studies, she returned to Thailand to become a lecturer and associate professor at the Faculty of Arts of Chulalongkorn University, where she founded the Dramatic Arts Department, the first such school in the country. She produced numerous theatrical works throughout her career, and was named National Artist in 2011.
Early life and education.
Sodsai Vanijvadhana was born on 18 March 1934 in Bangkok, Siam, to Subhajaya Vanijvadhana, professor and head of the Biology Department at Chulalongkorn University, and Prayongsi Vanijvadhana (née Laksanasut). She attended Mater Dei School, and enrolled at Chulalongkorn's Faculty of Arts. She graduated Bachelor of Arts with honors, and subsequently received a Fulbright scholarship to study teaching English as a foreign language in the United States. However, with encouragement from her advisor Prince Prem Purachatra, she asked to study dramatic arts instead.
She enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she caught up on drama courses including acting, directing and playwriting. She was often selected for leading parts in plays, from which she became noticed, and was subsequently invited to appear on "The Tonight Show", received a record offer with Liberty Records, which was released as "Sondi", and appeared in "Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer". She transferred to the University of California, Los Angeles upon the suggestion of her advisers, to be able to pursue more career opportunities. She was then offered a seven-year contract with Fox Studios, which she declined, settling for a two-year scholarship and training program instead. During her acting career in Hollywood she was a semi-regular on ABC's "Adventures in Paradise", with Gardner McKay, and also guest starred on CBS's "The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour". She represented Thailand in the Miss Universe 1959 beauty pageant, where she won the Miss Friendship Award. She went by the alias "Sondi Sodsai" in her acting career because her last name "was too difficult for foreigners to pronounce."
Work.
Upon completing her studies, Sodsai returned to Thailand and became a lecturer at her "alma mater", Chulalongkorn University's Faculty of Arts. At the time, formal education in dramatic arts did not exist in Thailand. Sodsai pioneered the field, establishing the Faculty's Department of Dramatic Arts in 1970. She developed curricula based on the theories and practices of Western theater, and helped lay out the foundations of drama education in both tertiary and secondary institutions, as well as in professional circles. Of the initial difficulties of establishing the school, she noted in an interview of how she and her students lacked a theater in which to perform: "We were like nomads, we performed under the trees, on the verandah, in the attic. Practically wherever they allowed us."
Sodsai produced many works, writing and directing numerous plays, as well as editing, acting and composing. Her plays include "Yankee Don't Go Home", "Tukkata Kaew" ("Glass doll"), "Yot Pratthana" ("Dearest"), "Koet Pen Tua Lakhon" ("Born a play character"), "Phu Phae–Phu Chana" ("Loser–winner"), "Phrai Nam", "Khon Di Thi Sechuan" ("Samaritan at Sichuan") and her latest production "Lam Di" ("the Good Interpreter"), which was released in 2009. She translated and presented works of Western drama, including "The Glass Menagerie" and "Hedda Gabler", for the Thai audience. She also directed television dramas, winning a Mekhala Award for her 1984 adaptation of Chart Korbjitti's novel "Kham Phiphaksa" ("The Judgement"), which she applied Western technics in directing.
Personal life and honours.
Sodsai was married to Trong Pantoomkomol, former head of the Orthopedics Department at the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, with three children. In recognition of her contributions to the field, Sodsai was named a National Artist in performing arts (theatrical and television plays) for 2011, and received the Dushdi Mala Medal in 2014. Thailand's first playwriting competition, the Sodsai Award, and Chulalongkorn University's Sodsai Pantoomkomol Center for Dramatic Arts, which opened in 2011, are named in her honor. Many of her students have gone on to become key figures in the show business, and "Ying Thai" Magazine has called her the most influential woman in the Thai entertainment industry.


Archaeology of Great Britain