Kenton, Portland, Oregon

Kenton is a neighborhood in the north section of Portland, Oregon, United States. The neighborhood was originally a company town founded in 1911 for the Swift Meat Packing Company.
Geography.
Kenton's northern border is formed by North Portland Harbor, the channel of the Columbia River that separates the area from Hayden Island. Kenton's eastern boundary is Interstate 5 and the neighborhood's southern edge is defined by North Lombard Street. The western border (traveling from north to south, respectively) follows North Portland Road, North Columbia Boulevard, and North Chautauqua Boulevard. The Columbia Slough passes through Kenton.
Neighborhoods bordering Kenton are: Hayden Island to the north; Bridgeton, Sunderland, and Piedmont to the east; Arbor Lodge to the south; University Park to the southwest; and Portsmouth and St. Johns to the west.
Kenton is home to the Portland International Raceway and the Portland Metropolitan Expo Center. The historic site of Vanport, a public housing project built to provide homes for World War II shipbuilders, later destroyed by a 1948 flood, is also located within the current boundaries of the Kenton neighborhood.
History.
Before the 1900s, Kenton was a farming community similar to other townships in the area like University Park and St. Johns until it became a company town built by the Swift Meat Packing Company. By 1910, US$120,000 worth of buildings had been erected in the neighborhood with many fashioned out of concrete and brick. Two three-story brick hotels were built in Kenton in 1910. Plants from companies like the National Wood Pipe Company, Davis Safe and Lock Company, Union Meat Company and Portland Union Stockyards called Kenton home. A concrete apartment building was built by C. H. Carey costing US$22,000. In 1909, Portland, Oregon Mayor Joseph Simon took an automobile trip to Kenton where he announced general improvements for the community like road pavement, street lamps and a fire station. The streets were still dirt in 1910, leading the Kenton Push Club to lobby the Portland City Council to pass a bond to pave the roads. After a long fight with the city council, the roads were paved in 1911. By 1913, US$300,000 had been spent on paving the streets of Kenton. The growing community soon demanded a park, library and schoolhouse. Just a few years later, Kenton was annexed with St. Johns by the City of Portland, becoming home to Portland's main stockyards and the center of the West Coast cattle trade for a time.
A story of the "Kenton ghost" was published in the January 5, 1913 edition of "The Oregonian" which recounted several residents accounts of a shadowy figure lurking the streets of the community. Several prominent citizens came forward with their own sightings of the ghost including the secretary of the Interstate Bridge Commission. Former Albina, Oregon Mayor W. M. Killingsworth led a group of people who looked for the ghost. Kenton had a semi-professional baseball team in 1916 and 1917. The Kenton Giants played in the Inter-City League with three other teams.
The 1959 Oregon Centennial celebrations were held in Kenton. To commemorate the occasion, a large statue of Paul Bunyan was built at the intersection of North Interstate Avenue and North Argyle Street (just north of Kenton's historic business district on North Denver Avenue) as a reminder of centennial festivities. The statue still stands at the corner of North Interstate and North Denver, across from the Kenton/North Denver Avenue station, and is considered a symbol of the neighborhood. The statue was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2009. Directly across N Denver Ave from the Paul Bunyan Statue are the four blue hooves of Babe the Blue Ox, his trusted animal companion.
The Kenton Commercial Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 for its role in the development of the neighborhood and the city.


Wonohaquaham

Wonohaquaham also known as Sagamore John was a Native American leader who was a Pawtucket Confederation Sachem when English began to settle in the area.
Early life.
Wonohaquaham was the oldest son of Nanepashemet and the Squaw Sachem of Mistick. A few years after his father's death, Wonohaquaham became sachem of Mishawum, which consisted of the land near the Mystic River, including present-day Chelsea, Charlestown, Malden, Everett, Revere, Somerville, Woburn, and Stoneham as well as parts of Medford, Cambridge, Arlington, and Reading. He resided in Rumney Marsh (now known as Chelsea). In 1631, Thomas Dudley wrote that Wonohaquaham led around 30 or 40 followers and that they moved locations often.
Relationship with English colonists.
Wonohaquaham was described as having a "gentle and good disposition" towards the English. In 1627, he gave them permission to settle in Charlestown. He was known to warn the colonists of impending attacks by unfriendly Indians. As early as 1631, Wonohaquaham, who was called Sagamore John by the colonists, spoke English wore English clothing, lived in English-style housing, and showed interest in Christianity. According to Dudley, this resulted in Wonohaquaham receiving the "scoffes of the Indians". Edward Howes wrote that he had "greate hopes" that Wonohaquaham become "civilized and a christian", however, Wonohaquaham chose to remain with the Pawtucket rather than joining the settlers. Wonohaquaham attempted to use the English court system to resolve disputes with mixed results. Many cases never made it to court, however in 1631 he received seven yards of cloth from Richard Saltonstall and fifty shillings sterling from Saltonstall's servant after the servant burnt two Pawtucket wigwams.
Death.
In 1633, Wonohaquaham and thirty of his people died of smallpox. Prior to his death, Wonohaquaham asked Revered John Wilson to raise his two sons (only one of which survived the outbreak) and teach them of the Christian faith. He left his wampum and personal items to his mother and his land on Powder Horn Hill in Chelsea to his son. He also left gifts for John Winthrop and other colonists.
In 1888, workers in West Medford discovered the remains of 18 Native Americans, which were believed to be those of Wonohaquaham and some of his followers. A 10 foot high monument was erected near the site in what is now known as Sagamore Park.


Ovayok Territorial Park

Ovayok Territorial Park (sometimes Uvajuq, formerly Mount Pelly) is a park situated east of Cambridge Bay, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. The park is relatively small and covers an area of approximately . The park can be accessed by vehicle from the community as a gravel road runs directly to it.
The park has a wide variety of wildlife with muskox being predominant; there are also barren-ground caribou, Arctic hare, Arctic fox, and North American brown lemmings. There are several lakes within the park and most contain Arctic char and lake trout. Birds include Arctic terns, ptarmigan, Canada geese, snowy owls and the common raven.
There are several archaeological sites within the park and these include tent rings and food caches. Thule and Paleo-Eskimo camp sites and artifacts has also been found nearby, suggesting that the area has been in use for at least a 1,000 years.
The predominant feature of the park is the large esker known as Uvayuq (formerly Mount Pelly) that rises to approximately . Behind this are two more eskers called Inuuhuktu (Baby Pelly) and Amaaqtuq (Lady Pelly).
Inuit legend says that the three hills are a family of starving giants. They were crossing Victoria Island looking for food and the father, Uvayuq, died first. Next the son, Inuuhuktu (English; "teenaged boy"), died and was followed by the mother, Amaaqtuq (English; "packing baby", see amauti), who was carrying her baby.


Rye House (Litchfield, Connecticut)

Rye House is a historic summer estate property at 122-132 Old Mount Tom Road in Litchfield, Connecticut. Developed in 1910 for a wealthy New York City widow, it is a prominent local example of Tudor Revival architecture, and a major example of the trend of country estate development in the region. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
Description and history.
Rye House is located in Litchfield's Bantam borough, at the northwest corner of Old Mount Tom Road and Old Forge Hollow Road. The estate includes the main house, a gardener's cottage, landscaped gardens surrounding the house, and other amenities. The main house is a large 2-1/2 story stone structure, built out of stone that has been stuccoed except for rustic corner quoining. To the west of the house is a formally landscaped garden area, and a lawn extends south toward Old Mount Tom Road, where the property is fringed by trees. The house contains 18 rooms totaling 10,127 square feet. The property includes an Olympic-sized swimming pool and tennis court. The gardener's cottage, itself a substantial construction, is located near the estate entrance, on the west side of its drive. It is two stories in height, and has Bungalow/craftsman styling.
The estate was developed on what was previously farmland by Isabella Douglass Curtis, the widow of a wealthy New York City banker who died in 1895. She named the property in memory of her previous estate in Rye, New York. The house was designed by architect Wilson Eyre, and was completed in 1910; the gardener's cottage was designed by Wilder and White and was built the following year. The property was prominently marketed by Eyre as a showcase, appearing in a writeup in "American Architect" in 1911, and meeting most of the conditions laid out in his 1908 article "The Planning of Country Houses". Curtis lived here year-round with her son until the 1930s, when financial reverses forced her to sell it.
Recent owners have included actress and model Karen Kopins Shaw, who was Miss Connecticut 1977, and Anderson Cooper and his partner, Benjamin Maisani, who were reported to have bought it in 2014.


Anthony di Bonaventura

Anthony di Bonaventura (November 12, 1929  – November 12, 2012) was an American pianist and Professor of Music at Boston University's College of Fine Arts for 40 years. He was the director of a Piano Institute at Colby College Piano Institute (1978–2003) and then at West Chester University of Pennsylvania (2004–12).
Early life.
Anthony di Bonaventura was born on November 12, 1929 in Follansbee, West Virginia. He was the son of Ferdinando di Bonaventura, a barber, and Rosaria "Rose" (née Santomo) di Bonaventura.
Anthony began piano studies at the age of three and gave the first professional concert at the age of four. Then he won a scholarship to New York's Music School Settlement at six. At thirteen, he appeared as a soloist with the New York Philharmonic. At sixteen, he became a pupil of Isabelle Vengerova and later entered the Curtis Institute of Music, where he continued his studies with Vengerova and graduated with highest honors.
Career.
Enthusiastic acclaim by critics and audiences came early in his career. After his Washington debut, Paul Hume of "The Washington Post"" wrote: "He can stand with the great players of Mozart's keyboard music." His brilliant performances in an early European tour led to his selection by the great conductor Otto Klemperer to perform the complete Beethoven Concerti at the London Beethoven Festival.
Di Bonaventura gave performances in 28 countries, including appearances with the London Philharmonic, Vienna Symphony, New York Philharmonic, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Philadelphia Orchestra, Chicago Symphony, Royal Philharmonic, Pittsburgh Symphony, San Francisco Symphony, and the Vienna Symphony. He has given solo recitals at Lincoln Center, Kennedy Center, Carnegie Hall, Sydney Opera House, Concertgebouw, and Musikverein, as well as performances at festivals of Spoleto, Ann Arbor, Saratoga, Bergen, Lucca, Zagreb, and Donaueschingen. World premieres of specially written works by Berio, Kelemen, Persichetti, and Ginastera. Recordings for Columbia, RCA Connoisseur Society, and Sine Qua Non.
Many distinguished composers such as György Ligeti, Luciano Berio, Alberto Ginastera, Milko Kelemen and Vincent Persichetti wrote works especially for him. He premiered Ligeti's Piano Concerto (1986), Ginastera's Piano Sonata No. 2 (1992), Berio's "Points on the Curve to Find" (1975), Persichetti's Piano Concerto (1968), and other works. Anthony served as the Director of the Summer Piano Institute, Colby College and later West Chester University.
In 1991, he performed the Netherlands premiere of Witold Lutosławski's Piano Concerto with the composer conducting, followed by performances also conducted by Lutoslawski with the Boston Symphony, Polish National Radio Symphony and San Francisco Symphony in 1993, on the occasion of the composer's 80th birthday.
Legacy.
He made a number of recordings. His recording of Claude Debussy's "Études" has been described by "The Boston Globe" as "one of the wonders of the world". Other recordings include 14 of Scarlatti's Keyboard Sonatas, and Rachmaninoff's Preludes. Op. 32.
Among his notable pupils were Fabio Parrini, , Aidas Puodziukas and his protégé Konstantinos Papadakis. Claude Labelle, Russell Hirshfield, Maurícy Martin, Claudia Knafo, Victor Caires, Ellie Perrone.
Personal life.
In 1953, he married Sara Roosevelt Whitney (b. 1932), daughter of Betsey Cushing Roosevelt Whitney and James Roosevelt II (1907–1991), the eldest son of President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and First Lady Anna Eleanor Roosevelt. Before their divorce in 1972, they had five children together:
Bonaventura died on November 12, 2012 in Boston, Massachusetts, aged 83. His brother was symphony conductor Mario di Bonaventura, and his nephew is film producer Lorenzo di Bonaventura.


KDMD-LP

KDMD-LP, UHF analog channel 32, was a low-powered Ion Television-affiliated television station licensed to Fairbanks, Alaska, United States. The station was owned by Ketchikan Television, LLC. It shared its call letters with its sister station in Anchorage, and was licensed as a translator of that station.
History.
The station was issued a construction permit on September 23, 1992 for operation on channel 18 as K18ED; it was licensed in 1996. On April 27, 1999, the station was granted a permit to move to channel 32 as K32EB; however, on July 7, 2000, the call letters were changed to KDMD-LP. The move to channel 32 was completed in 2002. The KDMD-LP license was canceled on December 17, 2015.


Timeline of the Texas Revolution

This is a timeline of the Texas Revolution, spanning the time from the earliest independence movements of the area of Texas, over the declaration of independence from Spain, up to the secession of the Republic of Texas from Mexico.
The first shot of the Texas Revolution was fired at the Battle of Gonzales on October 2, 1835. This marked the beginning of the revolution. Over the next three months, the Texian colonists drove all Mexican army troops out of the province. In January 1836, Mexican president and general Antonio López de Santa Anna led Mexican troops into Texas to put down the rebellion. General Jose Urrea marched half of the troops up the Texas coast in the Goliad campaign, while Santa Anna led the rest of the troops to San Antonio de Bexar. After a thirteen-day siege, Santa Anna's army defeated the small group of Texians at the Battle of the Alamo and continued east. Many Texians, including the government, fled their homes in the Runaway Scrape. On March 19 the Texas troops marched into an open prairie outside of Goliad during a heavy fog. When they stopped to rest their animals, Urrea and his main army surrounded them. The Texas force numbered at least 300 soldiers, and the Mexicans had 300 to 500 troops. With no choice but battle, James Fannin chose to stand and fight near Coleto Creek. Santa Anna and his troops searched for the Texian government and the Texian army led by Sam Houston. On April 21, 1836, the Texians defeated Santa Anna's army at the Battle of San Jacinto; Santa Anna was captured the following day. The Mexican army retreated back to Mexico City, ending the Texas Revolution. Texas was now an independent colony and later joined the United States.


List of African-American U.S. state firsts

African Americans are a demographic minority in the United States. African-Americans' initial achievements in various fields historically establish a foothold, providing a precedent for more widespread cultural change. The shorthand phrase for this is "breaking the color barrier."
In addition to major, national- and international-level firsts, African-Americans have achieved firsts on a statewide basis.


Statue of Todd Kirnan

A bronze sculpture of Todd Kirnan by Heather Soderberg was installed in Gresham, Oregon, in September 2018. The life-size statue at Northeast Third and Main Street honors Kirnan, an autistic delivery man nicknamed "Mister Gresham". It depicts Kirnan wearing a Portland Trail Blazers jersey with the number 22 for Clyde Drexler. The artwork cost approximately $54,000 and was funded by private donations from community members. The statue's dedicated was accompanied with a parade attended by hundreds.


SS Wanderer

SS "Wanderer" was the second, unofficial ferry to serve Okanagan Lake in British Columbia, Canada.
She was built by N. H. Caesar, who had bought Thomas Shorts' barge "City of Vernon", only to discover that she leaked badly. He renamed "City of Vernon" as "Mud Hen" and built "Wanderer" using "Mud Hen's" five horsepower engine. "Wanderer" was by and her deck house originally belonged to the ship MV "Penticton", which was converted into a towboat by the Lequime brothers and could thus spare the surplus material.
"Wanderer" was christened with the traditional bottle of champagne, but the owners had already drunk it before Mrs. C. E. Woods broke it over her bow and named her. Caesar used her to tow logs to Kelowna and to haul dynamite to Penticton and the Morning Glory mine and wheat from Caesar's farm to Okanagan Landing. In 1901, Caesar sold her to William A. D'Aethe, who in turn sold her to William Smith, who took her to Kalamalka Lake. There, he renamed her "Violet" and used her to tow logs for the Smith Lumber Company to be sawed into firewood and hauled to Vernon, British Columbia.
Eventually, her engine was removed and installed in a sawmill while her hull rotted on a beach. The engine had come from "Mud Hen", or "City of Vernon", which had in turn gotten it from , which had in fact gotten it from , the first steamboat on Okanagan Lake, operated by Thomas Shorts. The end of "Violet", or "Wanderer", therefore signaled the end of the entire line of ships, that had all been registered under "Mary Victoria Greenhow" in the official records. The engine was donated by Mr. and Mrs. G. H. Worth of Vernon, whose family had owned it for many years, to the Vernon Museum and Archives in November, 1957.


Katharine St. George

Katharine Price Collier St. George (July 12, 1894 – May 2, 1983) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New York, and a cousin of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Early life and family.
St. George was born in Bridgnorth, England, in 1894, to American parents. Her family returned to the United States when she was two years of age. Her father, Hiram Price Collier, was a former Unitarian minister. Her mother, Catherine Delano Collier, was the younger sister of Sara Delano Roosevelt, mother of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. St. George's younger sister, Sara Collier, was named in their aunt's honor. From her mother's first marriage to Charles Albert Robbins, she was younger half-sister of diplomat Warren Delano Robbins.
Career.
She was a member of the town board of Tuxedo Park, New York, from 1926 until 1949. She was chair of the Orange County Republican committee from 1942 until 1948. She was a delegate to the 1944 Republican National Convention. She was elected to Congress in 1946 and served from January 3, 1947, until January 3, 1965. (Her opponent in the 1956 election was Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist Bill Mauldin.) She narrowly lost a re-election bid in 1964 against liberal Democrat John G. Dow.
A proponent of pay equity, St. George was a supporter of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. In 1962, St. George proposed that legislation be passed to ensure that women received equal pay for equal work. Her proposals were drafted into a bill and introduced by Congresswoman Edith Green, an Oregon Democrat. During a debate regarding the bill, St. George stated that opposing the bill was comparable to "being against motherhood".
The bill met with stiff opposition from the United States Chamber of Commerce, but received support from the Kennedy Administration, the American Association of Women, the National Consumers League, the ACLU, and the AFL-CIO.
The bill passed in both the House and the Senate, but it passed in different forms, and there was no final bill. Undaunted, in 1963, Green re-introduced the bill, and this time it was successfully signed into law.
St. George voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, and 1964, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Personal life.
Katharine married George Baker Bligh St. George, third son of the second Baronet St. George (see St George Baronets). They were the parents of one daughter:
St. George and her family resided briefly at 2144 Wyoming Avenue in Washington D.C. before relocating to Tuxedo Park, New York, in June 1919, where she much later died at the age of eighty-eight, in 1983.


Robert T. Gannett

Robert Tileston Gannett (September 26, 1917 – August 26, 2012) was an American politician and lawyer.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Gannett graduated from Milton Academy in 1935. He then graduated from Harvard University in 1939 and received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1942. Gannett served in the United States Army during World War II. Gannett practiced law in Brattleboro, Vermont. Gannett served as a Republican in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1953 to 1961 and served in the Vermont State Senate from 1972 to 1993. Gannett was married to Sarah Alden Derby, a granddaughter of President Theodore Roosevelt. Gannett died in Brattleboro, Vermont.


Camp Abbot

Camp Abbot was a military training center in the northwest United States, located in central Oregon south of Bend. Active for less than sixteen months, the U.S. Army camp was used to train combat engineers during World War II and was named for Henry Larcom Abbot.
A large part of site is now Sunriver Resort, and the rest has been incorporated into the Deschutes National Forest. The only remaining structure from Camp Abbot is the officers' mess hall; now part of the resort and known as the "Great Hall", it is used for large conferences and special events.
Site history.
In 1855, Secretary of War Jefferson Davis dispatched an Army Corps of Topographical Engineers survey party to look for a railroad route from the Sacramento Valley in California to the Columbia River in the Oregon Territory. This required the party to survey the Deschutes River area in central Oregon. The survey party was led by two lieutenants, Robert Stockton Williamson and Henry Larcom Abbot.
The Williamson-Abbot survey party included a geologist-botanist, a physician-naturalist, several assistant engineers, a computation specialist, a pack master, and eighteen mule packers. At Fort Reading, a military escort of eighty infantrymen and twenty cavalry troopers joined the party. The escort was commanded by Lieutenant H. G. Gibson with Lieutenants George Crook and Philip H. Sheridan leading elements of the detachment.
While in central Oregon, illness forced Williamson to return to California, which left Abbot in charge of the expedition. On 4 September 1855, Abbot and a detachment of the survey party camped along the Deschutes River, near the site of the future Camp Abbot. He completed the survey of central Oregon, crossed the Cascade Mountains into the Willamette Valley, and then returned to Fort Reading, arriving in mid-November 1855. The Army published Abbot's thorough 499-page report in 1857 under the title "Report of Lieut. Henry L. Abbot Upon Explorations for a Railroad Route from Sacramento Valley to the Columbia River".
World War II.
During World War II, the Army needed to rapidly expand its combat engineer training. On 4 December 1942, the War Department established a combat engineer replacement and training center in central Oregon, along the Deschutes River south of Bend. It was named in honor of Brigadier General Henry Larcom Abbot, who had led a survey party through the area in 1855.
The first trainees arrived at Camp Abbot in March 1943, even before the camp was formally dedicated on 2 September 1943. At that time, it was one of only three combat engineer training centers in the country, along with Fort Belvoir (Virginia) and Fort Leonard Wood (Missouri).
Approximately 10,000 soldiers were trained during each 17-week cycle, with training conducted in three phases. The first part of the course focused on rifle marksmanship and other basic combat skills. The first phase also included special training on hand grenades, anti-tank mines, and other combat engineering tasks. The second phase was demolition training. During that phase, trainees learned how to build and destroy bridges and other structures. The final phase was three weeks of field maneuvers carried out under combat conditions.
Over 90,000 combat engineers were trained at Camp Abbot before the center was closed in June 1944, shortly after the D-Day landings. Most of the camp structures were demolished shortly after the training center closed.
Post-war development.
In the years following the war, a portion of the camp property was returned to the U.S. Forest Service, but approximately were sold as private land. That property changed hands a number of times, until it was purchased by John Grey in 1965. Grey began development of Sunriver Resort, selling the first residential lots in 1968.
Today, Sunriver is a luxury resort with a 250-room lodge, three golf courses, six restaurants, and an executive airport. There are approximately 4,000 homes on the adjacent Sunriver property along with a small commercial district that supports the shopping needs of the community. Alpine skiing is nearby at Mount Bachelor.
Original structures.
Today, only one original Camp Abbot building remains. The officers' mess hall was built in 1943 by the Army Corps of Engineers under the direction of Captain John V. Banks. It remains at its original location as Sunriver Resort's "Great Hall", used for large conferences and special events, such as banquets and weddings.
The historic Great Hall is an impressive log structure measuring , constructed with native stone and logs cut near the building site. It has a high ceiling with exposed beams, a large stone fireplace, and a balcony overlooking the main floor. There are also small side rooms including an intimate fireside room and a number of conference rooms. In 1993, Sunriver Resort completed a major renovation of the historic Great Hall, and it is now a modern facility with unique architectural character.
The only other major Camp Abbot structure to survive for an extended period was the General Patch Bridge which was constructed in 1943 by Army engineers during the Oregon Maneuver. The Oregon Maneuver was the largest military field exercise ever conducted in the Pacific Northwest. Named for General Alexander M. Patch, who led it, the maneuver involved over 100,000 army troops, many of them combat engineers based at Camp Abbot. The maneuver extended across six eastern Oregon counties. Camp Abbot was used as the exercise headquarters because of its central location and military infrastructure.
The General Patch Bridge was located on Deschutes National Forest land within the boundaries of old Camp Abbott. It was demolished by the Forest Service in 2008 because the structure was unsafe.
Other structures, such as the barracks, were auctioned off by the Army as surplus. Two such barracks were bought by J.H. Gibbons, a Texas rancher, and converted to use as a hunting and fishing lodge, which was completed in 1948 and remains in use today on the Gibbons Ranch in San Saba County, Texas.


Brinton Darlington

Brinton Darlington (December 3, 1804– May 1, 1872) was an American Indian agent at the Darlington Agency for the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes.
He was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant.
Early life and family.
Darlington was born at Redstone, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1804, to Stephen and Rachel (Cattell) Darlington. He was raised a Quaker and on August 26, 1829 he married Martha Thompson and together they had six children, Rachel, Anna, Esther, William, Mary, and Elma. For a while, they lived in Salem, Ohio manufacturing Woolen goods but after a loss by fire in 1842 they moved to Muscatine, Iowa. His wife Martha (Thompson) Darlington died in 1847. On November 18, 1849, Brinton Darlington married Amelia Charity Hall in Madison County, Iowa and together they had one child, Sarah Amelia Darlington. Amelia was a minister in the Society of Friends and she died in 1860. On September 10, 1863, Brinton Darlington married Lois Cook.
Indian agent.
On April 21, 1869, Brinton Darlington was nominated in the US Senate to be appointed as an Indian Agent. In May 1869 he commissioned and appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant to the Upper Arkansas Agency, in the Indian Territory. He was the first agent for the Cheyennes and Arapahoes. Originally the Agency site was on Pond Creek but it was not a good location due to close proximity to the Osage and Kaws so the decision was made to move it to just outside of Fort Reno, which the tribes rejected. In 1870 the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in Washington told Darlington to set up the agency at the intersection of Chisholm Trail and the North Canadian River. In 1871, Darlington's daughter and son-in-law Jesse and Elma (Darlington) Townsend opened a day school at the Agency. Jesse Townsend was also the Agency's issue clerk. Brinton's son William T. Darlington worked at the agency for a while even after his father's death. After Agent Darlintgton's death John DeBras Miles was appointed to replace him.
Death.
On May 1, 1872, Darlington passed away at the Agency and was buried about a half-mile west of it. He was later moved to the Concho Cemetery. The Agency was renamed the Darlington Agency in honor of him. John DeBras Miles, agent of the Kickapoo Indians in Kansas was appointed as Darlington's replacement taking his position on June 1, 1872.
Notes.
The Darlington Agency historical site was named after Brinton Darlington.
The Darlington Historical Marker is located on US-81, two miles north of El Reno.
Canadian County Darlington Bio


MV Trepanier

MV "Trepanier" was a ferry that operated between the communities of Naramata and Summerland on Okanagan Lake in British Columbia, Canada. "Trepanier" was added to the Okanagan Lake Boat Company's fleet in 1912. The company's owner, Peter Roe, operated her and the earlier MV "Skookum" with his brothers, Fred and Gerald. "Trepanier" was purchased by Captain J. A. Noyes and his brother, I. R. Noyes, and used for pleasure trips until November 1913, when the larger MV "Skookum", built in 1912 and not to be confused with the "Skookum" mentioned earlier, collided with the Canadian Pacific Railway company-operated SS "Castlegar" and sank. Although "Trepanier" was smaller than "Skookum", she was used as a replacement and began regular ferry service soon after the crash.


George J. Gould House

The George J. Gould House was a mansion located at 857 Fifth Avenue on the northeast corner of 67th Street in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The home was designed in the French Beaux-Arts style by architect Horace Trumbauer of Philadelphia and constructed in 1906 for financier George Jay Gould, the eldest son of railroad magnate Jay Gould.
The building replaced the Neo-Gothic style Jay Gould House, which was demolished. The new mansion was designed both to complement and outshine the Isaac Stern House that had been erected next door, at 858 Fifth Avenue.
In 1923, the house was bought by Harry Payne Whitney, and in late 1925, it became the residence of his mother-in-law, Alice Claypoole Vanderbilt. After her death in 1934, it was inherited by her youngest child Gladys, Countess Széchenyi.
The site is now occupied by a white brick building completed in 1963, which contains 17 apartments.
References.
Notes
Bibliography


Treaty of Lewistown

On August 3, 1829, members of the Shawnee Indians and the Seneca Indians signed the Treaty of Lewistown with the United States. In this treaty, Senecas and Shawnees living at Lewistown, Ohio, relinquished their claim to the land and joined the rest of the Ohio Senecas already living on a reservation west of the Mississippi River.
The United States government granted this group of about three hundred Indians of land in the west and a six thousand dollar advance on the sale of their Ohio lands. In addition, the United States presented the natives with blankets, plows, axes, hoes, rifles, and other supplies.
On July 20, 1831, James B. Gardiner, acting on behalf of U.S. President Andrew Jackson, signed the treaty which stipulated, in part:


Duke of York Archipelago

The Duke of York Archipelago is an uninhabited island group in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the Coronation Gulf.
The archipelago is composed of the islands of Akvitlak Islands, Anchor Island, Bate Islands, Hatoayok Island, Hokagon Island, Kabviukvik Island, Kingak Island, Mangak Island, Nagyuktok Island (historical home to Nagyuktogmiut, or Killinermiut, Copper Inuit) Nanukton Island, Outpost Islands, and Takhoalok Island.


Stawamus (village)

Stawamus (St'a7mes or , in the original Squamish language )) is a village at the head of Howe Sound, located on Stawamus Indian Reserve No. 24, at the mouth of the Stawamus River and Mamquam Blind Channel, 1km south of Squamish, British Columbia. The village is home to the indigenous Squamish people and houses satellite offices of the Squamish Nation. The village is also the centre for administrative, educational and health services in the Upper Squamish region of the Squamish Nation.
Population.
The 2011 National Household Survey of the Census of Canada gives the population of the Indian reserve encompassing this village as 95, 10 of whom are non-aboriginal in origin and are of British Isles ethnic origin). The Community Profile for the same year, however, says 97 and 100.


Gallagher Flint Station Archeological Site

The Gallagher Flint Station Archeological Site is an archaeological site and National Historic Landmark in northern Alaska. Discovered in 1970 during the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, it yielded a radiocarbon date of 10,540 B.P., making it the oldest site of human activity then known in the state.
Description.
The Gallagher Flint Station site is located in the foothills on the north side of the Brooks Range in far northern Alaska, near the Sagavanirktok River. There are three separate areas of archaeological interest within the site, two of which overlap slightly in their vertical stratigraphy. The isolated site, Locality 2, consists of two hearths with stone tools, including bifacial blades, and evidence of tool work. This site yielded a radiocarbon date of about 1,000 BCE.
The other two areas, Localities 1 and 1A, partially overlap. Locality 1A yielded a radiocarbon date of about 650 BCE, and tool finds there included fragments of a drill bit made of green chert. Locality 1 exhibits the characteristics of a tool workshop, and yielded a date of 10,540 before present, or about 8,500 BCE; the oldest previous dates recovered in the state were for c. 8,000 BCE. Older dates have since been obtained at the Dry Creek Archeological Site.
The most notable feature of the stone tools found at Locality 1 is the absence of bifacial tools. None of the three localities included any remains of animal-based tools (made with antler, bone, or other animal parts). The site has been interpreted as a quarry site, where the users worked on tools while observing the countryside for prey to hunt.
The site was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.


KTYJ-LP

KTYJ-LP was a low-power television station in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, broadcasting locally in analog on UHF channel 58. After selling KTYJ to CBOI it became an affiliate of America One. Founded July 9, 1990, the station was owned by Christian Broadcasting of Idaho, Inc.
History.
The station began July 9, 1990 when the FCC issued an original construction permit to King Broadcasting Company for K58DQ. On December 3, 1992, King Broadcasting sold the construction permit to David C. Derryberry, who brought the station on air under Program Test Authority in February 1994, with the license to follow on April 1, 1994. Channel 58 was an independent UHF television station owned and operated by David Derryberry Sr.carrying a program line up syndicated programs of that time including the New Price is Right, Magnum PI, Airwolf, Wonder Years, A-Team and many more. First Run movies, Children's programming and the Seattle Mariners were popular programs. The Station had live satellite feeds from around the nation. The program schedule included a satellite feed from Family Net (FAMNET) from midnight until 9;00AM when the changed to in-house programming.
During the construction KTYJ-58, KREM-TV in Spokane contracted with Mr. David Derryberry Sr. to use KTYJ's main studio as its North Idaho News Room. The two studios were linked via a microwave link, (STL) from Canfield Butte in Coeur d' Alene to Spokane. When KTYJ-58 started its normal broadcast service, this arrangement between KREM-2 and KTYJ-58 remained until David Derryberry Sr. sold the television station.
The station broadcast syndicated family programming as well as the Seattle Mariners and had its own local evening newscast. Within a few months after the initial broadcast Mr. Derryberry was able to secure a position on the local North Idaho Cable System on the Channel 22 slot. On June 9, 1997, the station took the call letters KTYJ-LP. Derryberry sold the station to Christian Broadcasting of Idaho, Inc. on December 21, 1998. After operating the station for a little more than two years, Christian Broadcasting of Idaho reached an agreement to sell the station to North Rocky Mountain Television. The FCC approved the transaction on April 30, 2001, but the sale was never consummated and Christian Broadcasting of Idaho remained as the station's owner. Subsequent FCC documents continued to show Christian Broadcasting of Idaho as the owners of KTYJ-LP. Since the unsuccessful sale attempt, the station has affiliated with America One.
On September 13, 2010, the FCC cancelled the station's license and deleted the KTYJ-LP call sign from its database. Channel 58 was not within the new FCC allocation for digital DTV which ended at Channel 50. There were no vacant channels available for a move and channel 58 went silent.


Lobotomy Software

Lobotomy Software, Inc. was an American video game developer which ported "Quake" and "Duke Nukem 3D" to the Sega Saturn and developed "PowerSlave" (titled "Exhumed" in Europe).
History.
Lobotomy Software was founded in 1993, when a group of friends working at Nintendo of America left to form their own company, becoming the creative department of Lobotomy, with the programmers coming from Manley & Associates (a developer acquired by Electronic Arts in 1996, renamed Electronic Arts Seattle, and shut down in 2002). They originally worked out of co-founder Paul Lange's apartment, but after a few months set up an office in Redmond, Washington. The team began working on various game demos, one of which later became the first-person shooter "PowerSlave".
Shortly after "PowerSlave" was released, Sega secured the rights from GT Interactive to publish "Duke Nukem 3D" and "Quake". Sega originally handed the projects to two other developers, but were unhappy with their work. Deadlines for the two games were set just a few months apart, and as such their development considerably overlapped.
The Sega Saturn ports of "Quake" and "Duke Nukem 3D" both use the SlaveDriver engine Lobotomy created for the console versions of "PowerSlave" and were well received. Lobotomy Software had ported "Quake" to the Sony PlayStation, but could not find a publisher, which exacerbated their financial troubles.
In 1998, Lobotomy Software was acquired by Crave Entertainment and renamed "Lobotomy Studios." The team worked on a Caesars Palace gambling game for the Nintendo 64, but after a year of development, the game was postponed and eventually cancelled. At that point, Lobotomy Studios was closed and employees were let go or given the option to be relocated to another position at Crave Entertainment. The next title that the team would have worked on was a sequel to "PowerSlave" simply titled "PowerSlave 2," which was going to be a third-person shooter and use a different game engine.


John H. Kinzie

John Harris Kinzie (July 7, 1803 – June 19, 1865) was a prominent figure in Chicago politics during the 19th century. He served as president of Chicago when it was still a town and thrice unsuccessfully ran for Chicago's mayoralty once it was incorporated as a city.
Early life.
The eldest son of John Kinzie, one of Chicago's first permanent settlers. Kinzie arrived in Chicago with his parents when he was one year old.
The Kinzie family moved to Detroit, Michigan following the Battle of Fort Dearborn, living there for several years. However, the family returned to Chicago in 1816.
Life and career.
From 1818 until 1823, Kinzie worked for the American Fur Company. He spent some time working for the governor of the Michigan Territory in the 1820s and became an Indian subagent at Fort Winnebago until he returned to Chicago in 1833.
In 1831, Kinzie was appointed by governor as the inaugural Cook County Sheriff.
On August 11, 1834 Kinzie became the second village president of Chicago.
On May 2, 1837 Kinzie ran against William Butler Ogden for mayor when Chicago became a city and lost. He subsequently made two more unsuccessful runs for mayor in 1845 and 1847.
In 1857 Kinzie was voted president of the Chicago Board of Underwriters.
Kinzie served as U.S. Army paymaster for Michigan, Wisconsin and Illinois troops in the Civil War
Death and legacy.
Kinzie died suddenly while on a railroad train on June 21, 1865.
The John H. Kinzie elementary school in Chicago, IL is named after him.
The house he and his wife resided in for a short period at the end of his time as an Indian sub-agent, now known as the Old Indian Agency House, in Portage, Wisconsin, has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Family.
Kinzie's father was John Kinzie and his mother was Eleanor Lytle McKillip Kinzie.
Kinzie himself was married to historian and author Juliette Augusta Magill Kinzie. Together they had seven children. Three of their children died in either their infancy or youth, these being Alexander Wolcott (1833-1839), Julian Magill (b. 1843, died at age six weeks), and Francis William (1844-1850, d. of cholera). Four of their children survived into adulthood, these being Eleanor Lytle (1835-1917), John Harris Jr. (1838-1862), Capt. Arthur Magill (1841-1902), and George Herbert (1846-1890)
Kinzie's daughter Eleanor Lytle married William Washington Gordon II (the son of Savannah, Georgia mayor William Washington Gordon) with whom she had six children (including Juliette Gordon Low, founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA).
One of Kinzie's sons died fighting for the Union in the Civil War, two others were taken prisoner by Confederate forces but survived. His son-in-law William Washington Gordon III was a general in Confederate Army.


Schenks and Chekwelp

Schenks (Squamish "Schètx̱w") and Chekwelp ("Chekwelhp") are two villages of the Indigenous Squamish, located near what is now known as Gibsons, British Columbia. Although vacant for years, these villages are told in the oral history as the birthplace of the Squamish, after what they call "the Great Flood". There are two Indian reserves of the Squamish Nation at this location, Chekwelp Indian Reserve No. 26 and Chekwelp Indian Reserve No. 26A.


Grace Roosevelt McMillan

Grace Roosevelt McMillan (born Grace Green Roosevelt, 17 August 1911 – February 1994), was a photographer and first grandchild of President Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States. She was the first child and only daughter of Theodore Roosevelt III and Eleanor Butler Alexander.
Early life.
Grace Green Roosevelt was born in San Francisco to Brig. Gen. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. and Eleanor Butler Roosevelt. She was President Theodore Roosevelt's first grandchild. She had three younger brothers, Theodore Roosevelt III, Cornelius Van Schaack Roosevelt III, and Quentin Roosevelt II.
On March 3, 1934, Roosevelt married William McMillan, an architect.
Career.
McMillan attended the Sorbonne in Paris. She was a freelance photographer. She studied with the photographer J. Ghislain Lootens along with her mother. In 1986, she presented 25 of her mother's albums to the Library of Congress together with some 5,000 of her own photographs, including images of presidents and international dignitaries.
During World War II, she managed the McMillan family farm in Glyndon, Maryland while her husband served in the Navy in the Pacific theater.
McMillan was a trustee of the Baltimore Museum of Art and the Greater Baltimore Medical Center.
Family.
McMillan was mother to two children: Eleanor McMillan and William Jr., of Baltimore.


Samuel Stalnaker

Samuel Stalnaker (1682 or 1715-1769) was an explorer, trapper, guide and one of the first settlers on the Virginia frontier. He established a tavern in 1752 near what is now Chilhowie, Virginia. He was held captive by Shawnee Indians at Lower Shawneetown in Kentucky for almost a year, before escaping and traveling over 460 miles to Williamsburg, Virginia, to report on French preparations to attack English settlements in Virginia and Pennsylvania. He later served as a guide under George Washington during the French and Indian War.
Birth and arrival in Virginia.
Samuel Stalnaker was probably born about 1715, although some sources give a birthdate of 1682. He was born in either in the Palatinate of southwestern Germany, or in Westphalia, or possibly in western New York or Pennsylvania. Some sources list him as having been born in the Netherlands. George and Adam, who accompanied or followed him to southwestern Virginia, were probably his brothers. Some sources report his arrival in Virginia as early as 1732. In December 1742, he first appears in the records (as "Samuel Stolenacre"), in the estate settlement of Matthias Harmon in Hanover Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. By 1745, Samuel Stalnaker was living on the New River in southwestern Virginia, which was the far frontier and populated mainly by Scots-Irish and German immigrants, as well as English settlers from farther east in Virginia. He and his wife Susanna had a daughter, Maria Barbara, in 1743, who was not christened until November, 1755. In October 1745 Samuel bought land granted to the Wood's River Company, which consisted of James Patton and others. He paid John Buchanan, agent for the company, £3 for 100 acres opposite the Buffalo Pound (later Bingamon's and then Pepper's Ferry) near what is now Radford, Virginia.
First homestead on the Holston River.
Dr. Thomas Walker writes in his journal that in April, 1748 he met Stalnaker, then on his way to visit the Cherokees between the Reedy Creek settlement and the Holston River. Stalnaker was working as a trader with the Indians of southern Ohio, Kentucky, and the Carolinas, and was already an experienced trader and hunter. In November 1749 he and his wife Susanna had a son, Samuel, and then moved even further west to the Holston River, (near present-day Chilhowie, Virginia). This area was owned by James Patton personally, and was referred to as "Indian Fields" in James Patton's will, dated 1 September, 1750: "Tract called Spring Hill; 3,000 acres on which Saml. Stalnaker and others is living, known by name of Indian Fields, on waters of Holston's river, a branch of the Missisipio."
On March 23, 1750 Dr. Walker and his associates again met Stalnaker on the middle fork of the Holston River, on the north side, just a few miles above its junction with the South Fork, and helped him to build a cabin there. Walker himself states in his journal: "March 23rd, we kept down the Holston River about four miles and camped; then Mr. Ambrose Powell and I went to look for Samuel Stalnaker, who I had been informed was just moved out to settle. We found his camp, and returned to our own in the evening. Mar. 24th, we went to Stalnaker's, helped him to raise his house and camped about a quarter of a mile below him."
At the time, Stalnaker was Virginia's westernmost colonial settler. His route to the Cherokees, with whom he was trading for skins and furs at the time, was a passage through the mountains later to be named the Cumberland Gap by Walker, in honor of Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, son of King George II of Great Britain. In May, 1750, Stalnaker was listed as "Saml. Stanlick" on a road crew from Ezekiel Calhoun's (uncle of Vice-President John Caldwell Calhoun) to Wood's River and then to the South Fork of the Roanoke. This road opened up traffic and commerce, inviting an influx of settlers from other parts of colonial Virginia, and Stalnaker decided to open a tavern to take advantage of the growing activity.
On 21 November, 1752, Samuel qualified as a captain of foot in the Virginia militia, then under the command of the newly-commissioned Major George Washington.
Stalnaker's tavern.
On 7 November, 1752, he posted a large bond, in the amount of ten thousand pounds of tobacco, with Alexander Sayers, for an ordinary (tavern-keeper's) license:
"Know all men by these presents that we, Saml. Stalnaker and Alexander Sayers are held and firmly bound to our sovereign Lord, George the Second, in the sum of ten thousand pounds of tobacco to which the payment well and truly to be made we bind ourselves and every of us and every of our heirs, executors, administrators, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents sealed with our seals and dated this 7th day of Nov. 1752. THE CONDITION of this obligation is such that whereas the above bound Saml. Stalnaker hath obtained a license to keep an ordinary in this county; if therefore, the said Stalnaker doth constantly find and provide in his ordinary good, wholesome and cleanly lodgings and diet for travelers and stablage and fodder and provender, or pasturage and provender as the season shall require for horses, for and during the term of one year from this seven day of Nov. and shall not suffer or permit any unlawful gaming in this house on the Sabbath day or suffer or permit any to tipple or drink more than is necessary; then this obligation to be void and of none effect or else to remain in full force and virtue."
Samuel Stalnaker signed this bond with his initials "S. S."
By 1753 there was apparently a large encampment of Cherokees near Samuel’s trading post on the Holston. The Cherokees came to trade at Stalnaker’s and settled there more or less permanently, and Stalnaker provided them with corn and other supplies. When Stalnaker asked the Governor Robert Dinwiddie to pay for their keep, the Governor refused until they finished a road they had agreed to build, and Samuel started charging them for their provisions. Stalnaker was accused by a neighbor of charging exorbitant prices for his corn, but an investigation proved that Stalnaker's prices were reasonable and that the Cherokees were satisfied. On 24 November, 1753 the governor ordered a road built from Stalnaker's settlement to that of James Davis, with Samuel Stalnaker as work crew overseer. His three sons George, Adam and Jacob were among the crew. At the same time, existing roads were extended as far as Roanoke, Virginia, allowing for additional traffic, improved communications and new commercial opportunities.
Stalnaker's tavern became known as "The Town House." In negotiating the Catawaba and Cherokee Treaty of March, 1756, the Indians requested that the treaty be held at Stalnaker's tavern, as it was near the home of Conocotocko, the Cherokee chieftain who wanted to participate, however the location was eventually moved to North Carolina, possibly because Samuel Stalnaker himself had been captured by the Indians and was believed dead. The tavern eventually became a stagecoach stop under the name Chillhowie Springs by 1815.
In 1938 Leo Stalnaker reported that the remains of Samuel Stalnaker's tavern were still standing just outside Chilhowie, Virginia, and described it as "very likely the original log cabin of Samuel Stalnaker which later had been weather-boarded and enlarged into an Inn...[It is] a two-story, rambling building obviously used as a tavern. Numbers are still on the doors upstairs [and]...logs of a cabin are visible behind rotting weatherboarding."
Capture and escape.
On June 18, 1755, Shawnee Indians attacked Samuel Stalnaker’s settlement, capturing Stalnaker, his wife and son Adam, along with Samuel Hydon, Matthias Counce, and an unnamed male servant. They executed all except Stalnaker and Hydon. Stalnaker’s mother and four children were in another building when the Indians rushed the house, and got away by hiding in a "rye patch." Stalnaker and Hydon were taken through Glinch Valley along the Sandy Creek by the Indians on their way to Ohio.
The "Pennsylvania Gazette" reported:
Williamsburg, July 11. Last Sunday an Express arrived in Town, with the melancholly News of several more of our inhabitants being cut off, on Holston’s River. Captain Stallnicher and his Wife were taken Prisoners, his Mother and four Children being in an Out House made their escape, and concealed themselves in a Rye Patch, till the Affair was over; there were three more taken prisoner and killed. Colonel Stewart, and William Long, on their Return from Fort Cumberland, where they had been to supply Provisions for the Army, were shot at there several Times, but escaped unhurt to the Augusta Court-House, from whence they were about 45 Miles distant.
On Aug. 20, 1755, John Buchanan, Samuel Stalnaker's colonel in the militia, assuming he was dead, filed at the Augusta County Courthouse to administer his estate. Stalnaker's fellow officers Captain Israel Christian and Captain Pat Martin, were sureties on Buchanan's bond as administrator.
Colonel Andrew Lewis led the Sandy Creek Expedition from mid-February until early March, 1756, in an attempt to rescue prisoners taken by the Shawnee. On Sunday, 29 February, 1756, Lewis wrote in his journal: "The creek has been much frequently used by Indians both traveling and hunting on it, and...I am apprehensive that Stalnaker and the prisoners taken with him were carried this way."
The Indians took the prisoners to "Fort Ouabach" (possibly Fort Ouiatenon in Indiana), and then to "the Shawnese Towns" (Lower Shawneetown) on the Ohio River. An article in the "New-York Mercury" of 16 February 1756, describing Mary Draper Ingles' captivity mentions that, during her stay in Lower Shawneetown in August, 1755 she met Stalnaker and reported "that Capt. Stahlnicker, who was carried Captive from Holston River, and supposed to be kill’d, was still a Prisoner among them, and was in Health."
On May 10, 1756 he escaped and traveled for two months, covering over 460 miles to Williamsburg, Virginia to report to the Governor Robert Dinwiddie on an impending assault by the French and Indians on English frontier settlements. A letter from the governor dated 21 June 1756, reports Stalnaker's escape: "One Stalniker, who was taken prisoner by the Shawnesse, made his escape and says he saw six Fr. Officers with 1,000 Ind's from Oubatch, bound to F't Dusquesne, and reports they intended to visit our Front's y's Sumer." The "Pennsylvania Gazette" reported:
"Williamsburg, June 11 -- Capt. Stalnacker, who was taken Prisoner by the Shawnese, the 18th of June last, on Holston's River, and has been at the Shawnese Town, and Ouabach [Wabash] Fort ever since, till the tenth of last Month, when he made his Escape from them, is come to this Town, and informs us, that on the evening before he made his escape (9 May, 1756), 1,000 Indians and six French officers came to the Shawnese Town, destined for Fort Duquesne, to wait there some time to see whether any attempt would be made upon it, and if not, to disperse themselves, and fall upon the Frontiers of Virginia and Pennsylvania."
On July 29, 1756, at a council of War in Staunton, Virginia with Colonel Buchanan, Stalnaker represented the Holston Settlement and recommended that stockade forts be built at Dunkard's Bottom on the New River and Davis' Bottom at the middle fork of the Holston River.
Military service in the French and Indian War.
On September 8, 1756, Governor Dinwiddie, writing to Colonel Clement Reed, acknowledged the receipt of a letter from that officer through Captain Stalnaker and said "Give Stalnaker 100 pounds to qualify him to raise his Company and build a stockade fort at Drapers Meadow." There is no evidence that Stalnaker ever constructed a fort at Draper's Meadow. Dinwiddie also proposed promoting Stalnaker to lieutenant, although this apparently never happened. Governor Dinwiddie wrote to Major Lewis on December 17, 1756: "As to Stalnaker...I'm of the Opin'n he sh'd, and desire [you would] apoint him a Lieut., in one of the Forts, as probably he may be of Service hereafter, being well acquainted in the Woods and a good Pilot or Guide on Occasion."
By the summer of 1758, Samuel was serving as a guide or scout with the British troops commanded by Colonel Henry Bouquet in western Maryland. Colonel Washington wrote to Henry Bouquet on 25 July, 1758: "Kelly and Stalnaker (two Guides) are on the Road with Major Peachy."
Final years.
Stalnaker must have remarried, because in the fall of 1761 he and his wife Margaret served as administrators of the estate of Valentine Snyder, who had died in 1755, and Vincent Williams, killed by Bemino in a raid in 1756. Stalnaker continued to operate his tavern, which served Colonel William Byrd and his troops in 1761 during the Anglo-Cherokee War, when they constructed a blockhouse named Fort Attakullakulla nearby. While staying at Stalnaker's tavern in July, 1761 Major Robert Stewart wrote a letter to George Washington, mentioning that construction of the fort at Stalnaker's settlement was delayed due to an "epedemick" fever (possibly malaria) which had affected most of his troops.
At some time in the 1760s Stalnaker may have gone to South Carolina with his daughter Barbara. Records show that he purchased land there, but had returned to Hampshire County, Virginia by 1768. He was last seen in May 1769, when he was visited at his home by J. F. D. Smyth, an English traveler, who found him living at his old log cabin on the middle fork of the Holston River. Smyth says that after crossing the stream three times during the day,
"at night we came to Stalnaker's where a few people, indeed all the inhabitants, had erected a kind of wretched stockade fort for protection against Indians; but they had all left it a few days before our arrival and returned to their respective homes. We remained two days at the old Dutchman's house, for rest and refreshment for ourselves and horses, and also our future route, which was into Kentucky. The old pioneer, Capt. Stalnaker, still wise in all the learning of the wilderness was able to describe to Smyth, as he had to Walker many years before, a new route into Kentucky, which had recently been discovered, and which was a nearer way than commonly used."
Samuel Stalnaker does not appear in records after this, and 1769 is generally recorded as the date of his death and burial.
Family and children.
Samuel Stalnaker is believed to have had three brothers, George, Jacob and Adam. He had five children: Jacob (born c. 1737), Adam (born c. 1738), Maria Barbara (born 1743), Samuel (born 1749, christened 15 November 1750), and George Christian (born 18 November, 1752). His first wife Susanna and his son Adam were killed during the Shawnee attack on June 18, 1755. He remarried to Margaret some time around 1761.


Jacob H. De Witt

Jacob Hasbrouck De Witt (October 2, 1784 – January 30, 1857) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Born in Marbletown, New York, De Witt was raised in Twaalskill (now part of the city of Kingston). His father was Colonel Thomas De Witt, a veteran of the American Revolution. His aunt Mary De Witt was the first wife of General James Clinton, and was the mother of DeWitt Clinton. Jacob De Witt attended the rural schools of Twaalskill and the Kingston (New York) Academy, afterwards becoming a farmer.
He served as the adjutant of a militia regiment in the War of 1812. He continued his militia service, and later attained the rank of Colonel as commander of the New York Militia's 131st Regiment..
De Witt was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Sixteenth Congress (March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1821). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1820, and returned to farming. In 1823 he married Sarah Ann Sleight, a granddaughter of Jacobus Swartwout. Their children included John Sleight, Elsie, Mary and Anna. Mary was the wife of Kingston banker James S. Evans, and Anna was the wife of Charles Lytle Lamberton.
In 1827 and 1840 De Witt was Kingston's Town Supervisor and a member of the Ulster County Board of Supervisors. He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1839 and 1847.
De Witt died in Kingston on January 30, 1857. He was originally buried at Sharpe Cemetery on Albany Avenue, and later reinterred at Kinsgton's Old Dutch Churchyard.