City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism

The City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism, founded in 1991, is the only Humanistic Jewish congregation in Manhattan, and the first Humanistic congregation in New York City to be led by a Humanistic rabbi. The aim of The City Congregation is to provide a welcoming, diverse community for cultural and secular Jews where they can celebrate and preserve their Jewish identity. As adherents of Humanistic Judaism, founded in 1963 by Rabbi Sherwin Wine, TCC members rely on reason, inner strength, and the support of community to face life's challenges and collectively improve the world.
TCC members come from throughout the New York metropolitan area and do not claim one specific neighborhood. While they reside predominantly in Manhattan and Brooklyn, they also live in Queens and the Bronx, as well as Westchester, Long Island and New Jersey. The congregation meets for Shabbats at a convenient Midtown location. For adult and child learning, they meet on the Upper West Side, and for High Holidays and Passover they meet in Midtown West.
The City Congregation is an affiliated community of the Society for Humanistic Judaism, which was organized in 1969 and comprises more than thirty secular Jewish communities in the United States and Canada.
Celebrations.
The City Congregation offers cultural High Holiday and Shabbat celebrations throughout the year. A highlight is the congregation's cultural Passover Seder. Based on the idea that Jewish culture has always been changing, the congregation's services adapt old traditions to modern sensibilities and use language that is consistent with humanistic principles.
KidSchool.
Twice-monthly KidSchool is designed to foster joy in the children's Jewish education and nurture a cultural connection to their Jewish heritage. The curriculum introduces the students to the principles, beliefs and practices of Humanistic Judaism and develops cultural literacy in Jewish heritage, holidays, literature, and history. In keeping with humanistic values and principles of progressive education, the students are encouraged to develop critical thinking and healthy skepticism in an atmosphere of respectful and open discussion.
Cultural Bar/Bat Mitzvah.
A highlight of the program is the Bar Mitzvah or Bat Mitzvah program, for grades six and up, through which children are mentored and guided in the process by adult members of the congregation. The children investigate their family history and values, heroes and role models, their own beliefs, and complete a major project on any topic of Jewish learning they want to explore in depth. A social action component is also included. The Bar/Bat Mitzvah service is a joyful experience, filled with readings and songs, and a presentation of the exciting work the student has completed throughout the program.
Other activities.
The congregation also offers an array of other programs. Social action activities are designed to address contemporary social challenges and increase awareness of these issues. Social outings take advantage of the wonderful cultural offerings in New York City and foster a feeling of community and connection among members.
Rabbis.
The leader of The City Congregation, is Rabbi Dr. Tzemah Yoreh, one the intellectual leaders of Jewish humanism. He has been a student of the Bible since his earliest days, winning the Diaspora Division of the International Bible Contest in childhood. He attended the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he obtained his Ph.D. in biblical criticism in record time. He has recently completed a second Ph.D. in Ancient Wisdom Literature at the University of Toronto for the joy of studying ancient text.
Rabbi Yoreh is a prolific writer and his humanist liturgy has been featured in "The Forward" in an article entitled “No God, No Problem”. He wrote, in Hebrew, an "Atheist-Feminist Siddur". More recently he is the author of the "Humanist Prayer Omnibus", which re-imagines prayer as a catalyst for human-driven change rather than communication with a deity.  As a writer he is perhaps best known for his theories on why Abraham killed Isaac, featured in "The Times of Israel" and thetorah.com.
Rabbi Emeritus, Rabbi Peter Schweitzer, is a recognized leader of Humanistic Judaism. He served as the president of the Association of Humanistic Rabbis and is a member of the Editorial Board of the journal Humanistic Judaism. He also contributes the Humanistic perspective to Moment Magazine's "Ask the Rabbi" column. Among his writings are: "The Liberated Haggadah: A Passover Celebration for Cultural, Secular and Humanistic Jews" (The Center for Cultural Judaism, 2006), "The Guide for a Humanistic Bar/Bat Mitzvah" (The City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism, 2003), and "A Modern Lamentation: A Memorial to 9/11" (The City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism, Rosh Hashanah, 2002).
Rabbi Schweitzer is also recognized for the major collection of Jewish Americana that he amassed over twenty-five years. Numbering some 10,000 items, he donated this major collection in 2005 to The National Museum of American Jewish History in Philadelphia. Rabbi Schweitzer's dedication to social service and Jewish causes comes from a long tradition of family commitment. He is the great-grandson of the renowned constitutional lawyer and Jewish civic leader, Louis Marshall, and the grandson of Jacob Billikopf, the nationally recognized leader in social work, Jewish philanthropy and labor negotiation.


Zangoora

Zangoora – The Gypsy Prince is the first Bollywood musical. It was premiered on 23 September 2010 at Nautanki Mahal of Kingdom of Dreams, Gurgaon. It has a cast of 110 members with Hussain Kuwajerwala, Gauahar Khan, Kashmira Irani and Sadanand Patil playing lead, supported by Arjun Fauzdar; besides crew of 250 people. In June 2013, the musical completed a run of 1000 shows, and became the longest running Bollywood stage show in India.
The musical was a production of the Great Indian Nautanki Company, a joint venture between Wizcraft and APRA Group. The music of the musical was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, with screenplay and dialogues by Javed Akhtar.
Overview.
It stars Hussain Kuwajerwala, Gauahar Khan, Kashmira Irani, Sadanand Patil and Arjun Fauzdar. A special preview was held on the inauguration of the Kingdom of Dreams, entertainment and leisure destination on 18 September 2010. Music is composed by leading Bollywood composers, Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, the story, screenplay and dialogues are by Javed Akhtar, Dance direction and choreography by Shiamak Davar, costumes by Neeta Lulla while stunt direction by Alan Amin and also employs a crew of 250 people.
The cast was part of the launch of the 2010 Commonwealth Games’ official theme song, "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto" by composer A R Rahman, and later the 2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony.
In June 2013, the musical completed over a 1000 successful shows at Nautanki Mahal, Gurgaon.
Music.
The soundtrack of the musical has been composed by Bollywood composing trio, Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy. Apart from special songs, the musical also included 20 hit Bollywood songs like "Pehla Nasha Pehla Khumar" ("Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar"), "Baware Baware" ("Luck by Chance"), "Choli Ke Peeche Kya Hai" ("Khalnayak") and "Mehbooba Mehbooba" ("Sholay").


List of ancient Egyptian sites

This is a list of ancient Egyptian sites, throughout all of Egypt and Nubia. Sites are listed by their classical name whenever possible, if not by their modern name, and lastly with their ancient name if no other is available.
Nomes.
A nome is a subnational administrative division of Ancient Egypt.
Middle Egypt.
The area from about Faiyum to Asyut is usually referred to as Middle Egypt.


Bexar County Courthouse

The Bexar County Courthouse is a historic building in downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA.
The building was designed by architect J. Riely Gordon, and borders Main Plaza, along with such other architectural landmarks as the Cathedral of San Fernando. The style is Romanesque Revival, and the main material used is red sandstone. Ground was broken for Gordon's structure on August 4, 1891, and the cornerstone was laid December 17, 1892. After several delays, construction was fully completed in 1896. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
The Courthouse currently functions as the county seat of Bexar County.


Joyless Street

Joyless Street (, 1925, exhibited in the U.S. as "The Street of Sorrow", in Britain as "The Joyless Street"), a film based on the novel by Hugo Bettauer and directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst in Germany, is one of the first films of the New Objectivity movement. Greta Garbo stars in her second major role. The film is often described as a morality story in which the 'fallen woman' suffers for her sins, while the more virtuous is rewarded.
The film's sets were designed by the art directors Otto Erdmann and Hans Sohnle.
Plot.
In 1921 in an alley called Melchiorgasse in the poor part of Vienna, Austria, there are only two wealthy people: the butcher Josef Geiringer and Mrs. Greifer, who runs a fashion boutique and a nightclub, patronized by wealthy Viennese. Annexed to the nightclub is Merkl Hotel, a brothel to which the women of the nightclub bring their clients. The film follows the lives of two women from the same poor neighborhood, as they try to better themselves during the period of Austrian postwar hyperinflation. They are Maria, a streetwalker with a cruel and abusive father, and Grete, who at the last moment, is saved from this fate.
For the poor, the central crisis which begins the film is the lack of meat. Greta's family is made up of a proud, civil servant father and a little sister who bitterly complains that she can no longer live on cabbage soup. Grete promises meat the next day, as the butcher has advertised frozen Argentine meat in the morning. But while standing in the overnight line, Grete passes out and loses her place.
As for Maria, after being screamed at by her father for failing to bring home margarine, she writes to her lover, banking clerk Egon Stirner, and begs him to take her but ultimately believes him to be unfaithful, and falsely accuses him of murder, all the while knowing the true identity of the murderer, from having witnessed it herself.
At the finale, Else, a wife and mother, who previously provided sexual favors to the butcher for meat, kills the butcher because he refuses her any more meat. The poor of the neighborhood, hearing the sounds of the nightclub, revolt against the clients by throwing stones. The nightclub burns down killing Else and her husband in the attic, but not before allowing them to ease their infant safely to the waiting poor. Only Grete seems to have any hope of leaving Melchiorgasse, and this because of her relationship with an American Red Cross officer.
Versions of the film.
Shortly after its release, different versions of the film circulated because of censorship cuts. The Filmmuseum in Munich restored the film in 1999 to its original length. A digital version of this new film, 151 minutes in length, was then produced by Austrian Filmarchiv, from which it is available. A region 2 DVD version with documentary extras is available.
Gallery.
Greta Garbo by Alexander Binder during the filming of "Die freudlose Gasse".


List of New York State Historic Markers in Broome County, New York

This is a complete list of New York State Historic Markers in Broome County, New York.


Hadani

Hadani, Hadany, ha-Dani, etc. (), is a Hebrew surname literally meaning "the Danite". Notable people with this surname include:


Red Margaret, Moonshiner

Red Margaret, Moonshiner is a 1913 American silent short romance film directed by Allan Dwan, starring Pauline Bush, Murdock MacQuarrie and Lon Chaney. This film, now considered lost, is a good example of Chaney's early attempts at creating bizarre makeups to enhance his roles, wearing a long beard and wild hair here as "Lon", the old moonshiner.
The film's original working title was "Warrington's Honor". Some sources say the film was later edited down to one reel and re-released theatrically as "Moonshine Blood" in 1916.
Plot.
"Red" Margaret is the leader of a band of mountain moonshiners who have thwarted every attempt of the authorities to capture them. A government agent is sent up to the hills to assist in breaking up the gang, and Margaret falls in love with him. Lon, Margaret's moonshiner boyfriend, discovers the identity of the government agent and forces Margaret to write a letter which lures him to her cabin. Fearing for his safety, the girl notifies the authorities of the agent's danger. The police arrive and capture the moonshiners. Margaret's father is killed in the melee, and the agent is left behind, wounded. A deputy tries to take credit for the capture, but Margaret helps the injured agent get back to the sheriff's office and pretends that she is his prisoner. The agent is honored for his work and Margaret is sent off to prison, a happy woman.
Reception.
"Moving Picture World" stated: "Pauline Bush gives a good portrayal...It is a disagreeable part and a hard one, but she makes much of it. There are good mountain backgrounds."
"Motion Picture News" stated: "Just why she is called 'Red' is not apparent. Pauline Bush interprets the part well, but there is no cause for the name except that it sounds melodramatic."


Norse clans

The Scandinavian clan or ætt/ätt (pronounced in Old Norse) was a social group based on common descent, equivalent to a clan.
History.
In the absence of a police force, the clan was the primary force of security in Norse society, as the clansmen were obliged by honour to avenge one another. The Norse clan was not tied to a certain territory in the same way as a Scottish clan, where the chief owned the territory. The land of the Scandinavian clan was owned by the individuals who had close neighbours from other clans. The name of the clan was derived from that of its ancestor, often with the addition of an -ung or -ing ending. The original meaning of "ætt/ätt" seems to have simply been "those who are related". A person could technically belong to several clans, but usually the identification of an individual came with ancestry of most prestige. Therefore, through mostly the exception to the rule, a clan could have matrilineal name if the descent of the ancestral mother was considered more important than the father. Family names were not in use, instead patronyms and matronyms were used, likewise depending on the favoured ancestry. Therefore, the clan names reflected the common descent of family groups.
The heavy dependence on family and kindred in early Scandinavian history was the foundation of the importance clan. The Thing served as a moderating force which could prevent blood feuds between the clans due to the importance of kinship. As central government gradually was established in Scandinavia, the "ætt" lost its relevance for commoners. For royalty and nobility, however, it remained in use as the name for "line" and dynasty.
Examples of clans:


Banai

Banai () is an Israeli and Persian surname. It may refer to the following people:


Luri music

Luri music is referred to an ethno-cultural characteristic of Lurs in the Middle East. Luri music enjoys a various and ancient background.
Music instruments.
The most popular Luri musical instruments include Sorna, Dohol, Tâl (Luri kamancheh), Tonbak (Tomak), and the common Iranian traditional instruments. Meanwhile, the Luri kamancheh is the only one that is fundamentally different from other ethnic music instruments. The Lurs select the Mâhur as their basic musical step to showcase the magnificence, grandeur and independence of their people.


Furdustrandir


List of Indiana state historical markers in Decatur County

This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Decatur County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Decatur County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The locations of the historical markers and their latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with their names, years of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau. There are 4 historical markers located in Decatur County.


Fern Riddell

Fern Riddell ( ) (born 22 January 1986) is a British historian who specialises in gender, sex, suffrage and Victorian culture. She has written several popular history books and is a former columnist for the "BBC History" magazine.
Early life and education.
Riddell attended Barton Court Grammar School from 1997 to 2004. After a gap year, she studied history at Royal Holloway, University of London from 2005, graduating with a BA in 2008, and an MA in 2009. Between 2010 and 2016, she undertook a PhD thesis at King's College, London, entitled "Vice and Virtue: Pleasure, Morality and Sin in London's Music Halls 1850-1939". Her doctoral degree was supervised by Paul Readman and Arthur Burns, and examined by Matthew Sweet.
Career.
Riddell is a cultural historian who specialises in sex, the suffragette movement and women's struggle for equality. She has appeared on various BBC television and radio programmes. In 2013 she was selected as one of the BBC Expert Women, and took part in a training programme that improved women's media and communication skills. That year she was made one of BBC Radio 3's "New Generation Thinkers". She has since acted as a researcher for the 2015 revival of "Horrible Histories", seasons 13-14 of "Who Do You Think You Are?", seasons 3-5 of "Ripper Street", and "Decline and Fall". She hosts "Not What You Thought You Knew," a podcast for the History Channel.
Riddell extensively investigated the scrapbook of suffragette and birth control campaigner Kitty Marion. The scrapbook contained stories of her hunger strikes, arson attacks and prison escapes. Riddell has spoken about the sexual assault and harassment that Marion faced and how that fuelled her suffragette campaigning.
In 2018, after tweeting that she was "Dr Fern Riddell" and not "Miss", Riddell she was subject to criticism on Twitter. To respond to those who deemed her arrogant and "immodest", she created the hashtag "#ImmodestWomen", which saw thousands of women sharing their stories. In 2019 Riddell hosted her own BBC Four television series, "Victorian Scandal: the Rudest Book in Britain." Riddell was a member of the Royal Holloway team on the 2019 "University Challenge" Christmas Special.
Books.
Her publications include:
She has written for the "Times Higher Education" magazine, "The Guardian", "The Huffington Post" and "History Today". Riddell is active on social media, including Twitter (@FernRiddell) and Instagram (@fernriddell).


He Leads, Others Follow

He Leads, Others Follow is a 1919 American short comedy film starring Harold Lloyd. It is presumed to be lost.


True Sun (London newspaper)

The True Sun was a London, pro-Whig, evening newspaper that was first published on 5 March 1832 and ceased publication in December 1837. It was published daily except Sundays.
In 1832–1834 Charles Dickens was a reporter for "The True Sun".
In December 1833 Henry Hunt brought a libel action against the "True Sun's" proprietor Patrick Grant, publisher John Bell, and printer John Ager for an article published on 18 December 1832; however, Hunt was awarded damages of one farthing. Grant, Bell and Ager were prosecuted, convicted and confined in 1834 to the King's Bench Prison for advocating tax resistance against the British government's window tax.
In July 1835 D. Whittle Harvey purchased "The True Sun". In 1837 Murdo Young purchased "The True Sun" from Whittle Harvey and a co-proprietor and merged it into his newspaper The Sun (which was published from 1792 to 1871).


List of New York State Historic Markers in Richmond County, New York

This is a complete list of New York State Historic Markers in Richmond County, New York.


The Twa Cummeris

 The Twa Cummeris, also rendered as The Twa Cumeris is a short humorous poem in Scots written at an unknown date by William Dunbar (born 1459 or 1460)
The poem takes the form of a dialogue during Lent between two close female confidants who have become indiscrete due to the drinking of wine.
The women are depicted as being insincere in their observation of Lent and of being manipulative with regard to their husbands.
The noun "cummer" has no precise equivalent in English. "The Concise Scots Dictionary" defines it, literally, as a godmother and, figuratively, as "a female intimate or friend; a gossip." It is spelt interchangeably as "cumer".
The source texts of the poem are the Bannatyne Manuscript, the Maitland Folio and a side-note in the "Minute Book of Sassines" of Aberdeen. The texts vary in several respects and the version given in this article is that formulated by William Mackay Mackenzie in 1932.
Synopsis.
On the first day of Lent two friends are drinking wine and talking.
One, groaning while she drinks, complains that "This long Lent makes me lean."
In spite of being large and fat she insists that she is feeling weak due to the Lenten fast.
She affirms that "This long Lent makes me lean."
Her companion is supportive. She tells her friend that her austere tastes were inherited from her mother.
She says that the late mother would drink no wine except mavasy a strong, sweet, expensive, fortified beverage similar to madeira. "This long Lent makes me lean" she adds.
She tells the other that she should refrain from fasting and, suggestively, that her husband should suffer instead, then adds "This long Lent makes me lean."
The first cummer agrees with her friend's advice.
She states that "Everything I do is to annoy him" then adds that he has little value in bed and proposes a toast; "This long Lent makes me lean."
The pair set to drinking a chopin jug of wine.
They are determined "That Lentrune suld nocht mak thame lene."


Ben-Azen

Ben-Azen (Canaanite for "Son of Azen" or in his Egyptian given name: "Ramesses-em-per-Ra", meaning "Ramesses in the House of Ra", fl. ca. 1200 BC) was an Asiatic official in the 19th Dynasty of ancient Egypt at the court of Pharaohs Ramses II and his son, Merneptah. Ben-Azen's was titled: "Cup Bearer", meaning he was in a high position stationed next to the kings themselves despite his foreign descent that allegedly should have restricted him to menial tasks.
According to an inscription asserted to him, Ben-Azen had came to Egypt from Northern Jordan, thus he's to be referred to as Canaanite in terms of ethnic background. Like many "butlers" (a term coined to the officials of foreign descent) in the Ramesside era, Ben Azen reflects the Asiatic tone the Royal Court had.


Fort Garry Hotel

The Fort Garry Hotel is a historic hotel in Downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba that opened for the first time on December 11, 1913. It is one of Canada's grand railway hotels and was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1981. A national heritage park connected to the hotel and to the remains of Upper Fort Garry was completed in 2017-18.
History.
Built between 1911 and 1913 by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, it is located one block from the railway's Union Station, and was the tallest structure in the city when it was completed. Like other Canadian railway hotels, it was constructed in the "château style" (also termed the "neo-château" or "châteauesque" style), which also reflects the François I style of hotel prevalent in the eastern United States at the turn-of-the-20th-century. Henry Janeway Hardenbergh initiated the architectural trend, with New York City's Plaza Hotel (1906–07) as his most well known structure. The Fort Garry Hotel has more than a passing similarity to The Plaza, with related features that include: the classic base, shaft, and capital divisions of the skyscraper; flat facades with slightly projecting, four-bay end pavilions; an arcade of large, segmented windows below a prominent cornice; and, the composition of the steeply sloped roofs. Architects Ross and MacFarlane of Montreal modelled their original plans for the hotel after Ottawa's Château Laurier; plans originally called for a 10-storey structure, but two floors were added during construction.
Initially, the new hotel was to be called The Selkirk, but was instead named after Upper Fort Garry, which once stood at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. The hotel was built at a strategic location on Broadway, between Fort and Garry Streets, providing a luxury hotel for railway travellers. It was the first commercial building to be erected on Broadway and the only hotel to be built there. The hotel's early prominence led it to have many famous guests, including Nelson Eddy, Harry Belafonte, Charles Laughton, Laurence Olivier, Liberace, Arthur Fiedler, Louis Armstrong, Gordie Howe, Lester Pearson, as well as King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, who stayed during their 1939 visit to Canada.
The hotel, originally owned by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, and later owned by the Canadian National Railway after Grand Trunk was nationalized and absorbed into CN. In 1979, the hotel was purchased by the prominent John Draper Perrin family of Winnipeg, who operated it as an independent hotel until 1987. It was then owned for a few years by a company controlled by Quebec hotelier Raymond Malenfant. Presently it is run as an independent hotel.
According to local folklore, the hotel is haunted. The Fort Garry Hotel is infamous for its haunted Room 202. A woman apparently committed suicide in the room many years ago after hearing of the death of her husband in a car accident. Overcome with grief, she hanged herself in the closet.
CNR Radio.
The Fort Garry Hotel was the site of the Winnipeg studio of CNR Radio, the precursor to CBC Radio, between 1923 and 1932, using the original CKY transmitter on 665 KHz, moving to 780 KHz in 1925. CNR purchased time on stations they did not own, called "phantom" stations.


Costello (surname)

Costello is an Irish surname.
History.
The Irish surnames Costello, Costelloe, and Costellow are anglicized forms of the Gaelic surname "Mac Oisdealbhaigh", itself a Gaelicized form of an Anglo-Norman name. This was the first example of a Norman family assuming a Gaelic name.
This surname has been mainly borne by a notable Irish family who claimed descent from Jocelyn de Angulo, an Anglo-Norman mercenary who accompanied Richard de Clare to Ireland in 1170 during the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland.
An early record of the name in Ireland appears in the 17th century Annals of the Four Masters where the name is mentioned in the entry for the year in 1193: "Inis Clothrann do orgain la macaibh Oisdealb, & la macaibh Conchobhair Maonmaighe." (Inishcloghbran was plundered by the sons of Oisdealb, and the sons of Conor Moinmoy.) The descendants of Oisdealb then became referred to by the family name "Mac Oisdealbhaigh" (son of Oisdealb).
"Oisdealb" or "Ostealv" is sometimes erroneously explained as a Gaelicization of “Jocelyn”, i.e. Jocelyn d'Angulo. But “Ostealv” is more obviously a Gaelic rendering of “Hostilo”, the name of Jocelyn's brother (also known as Hostilio). It is Hostilo's descendants who would bear the surname Mac Oisdealbhaigh (son of Oisdealb).
Costello has also occasionally has been adopted as a pseudonym or stage name by famous people of Italian descent, including Al Costello ("né" Giacomo Costa), Frank Costello ("né" Francesco Castiglia), and Lou Costello ("né" Louis Francis Cristillo). It is also an Italian verb form of "costellare": to adorn with stars.
According to the Ellis Island official passenger search, some people came from Italy and Spain to the U. S. as Costello.


On the High Seas

On the High Seas is a lost 1922 American silent adventure film directed by Irvin Willat and written by Edward Sheldon and E. Magnus Ingleton. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Jack Holt, Mitchell Lewis, Winter Hall, Michael Dark, Otto Brower, and William Boyd. The film was released on September 17, 1922, by Paramount Pictures. It is not known whether the film currently survives.


Hawara

Hawara is an archaeological site of Ancient Egypt, south of the site of Crocodilopolis ('Arsinoë', also known as 'Medinet al-Faiyum') at the entrance to the depression of the Fayyum oasis. It is the site of a pyramid built by the Pharaoh Amenemhat III in the 19th century BC.
History.
Amenemhat III was the last powerful ruler of the 12th Dynasty, and the pyramid he built at Hawara ("illustration, right") is believed to post-date the so-called "Black Pyramid" built by the same ruler at Dahshur. This is believed to have been Amenemhet's final resting place. At Hawara there was also the intact (pyramid) tomb of Neferu-Ptah, daughter of Amenemhet III. This tomb was found about 2 km south of the king's pyramid.
In common with the Middle Kingdom pyramids constructed after Amenemhat II, it was built of mudbrick round a core of limestone passages and burial chambers, and faced with limestone. Most of the facing stone was later pillaged for use in other buildings— a fate common to almost all of Egypt's pyramids— and today the pyramid is little more than an eroded, vaguely pyramidal mountain of mud brick, and of the once magnificent mortuary temple precinct formerly enclosed by a wall there is little left beyond the foundation bed of compacted sand and chips and shards of limestone.
The huge mortuary temple that originally stood adjacent to this pyramid is believed to have formed the basis of the complex of buildings with galleries and courtyards called a "labyrinth" by Herodotus (see quote at Labyrinth), and mentioned by Strabo and Diodorus Siculus. (There is no historicity to the assertion of Diodorus Siculus that this was the model for the labyrinth of Crete that Greeks imagined housed the Minotaur.) The demolition of the "labyrinth" may date in part to the reign of Ptolemy II, under whom the Pharaonic city of Shedyt (Greek "Crocodilopolis", the modern Medinet el-Fayum) was renamed to honour his sister-wife Arsinoë; a massive Ptolemaic building program at Arsinoë has been suggested as the ultimate destination of Middle Kingdom limestone columns and blocks removed from Hawara, and now lost.
Pharaoh Sobekneferu of the Twelfth Dynasty also built at the complex. Her name meant "most beautiful of Sobek", the sacred crocodile.
Pyramid.
From the pyramid entrance a sloping passageway with steps runs down to a small room and a further short horizontal passage. In the roof of this horizontal passage there was a concealed sliding trapdoor weighing 20 tons. If this was found and opened a robber would find himself confronted by an empty passage at a right angle to the passage below, closed by wooden doors, or by a passage parallel to the passage below, carefully filled with mud and stone blocking. He would assume that the blocking concealed the entrance and waste time removing it (thereby increasing the likelihood of detection by the pyramid guardians).
In fact there was a second 20-ton trapdoor in the roof of the empty passage, giving onto a second empty passage, also at a right angle to the first. This too had a 20-ton trapdoor giving onto a passage at a right angle to its predecessor (thus the interior of the pyramid was circled by these passages). However this passage ended in a large area of mud and stone blocking that presumably concealed the burial chamber.
This, however, was a blind and merely filled a wide but shallow alcove. Two blind shafts in the floor, carefully filled with cut stone blocks, further wasted the robbers' time, for the real entrance to the burial chamber was even more carefully concealed and lay between the blind shafts and opposite the alcove.
Despite these elaborate protective measures, Petrie found that none of the trapdoors had been slid into place and the wooden doors were open. Whether this indicated negligence on the part of the burial party, an intention to return and place further burials in the pyramid (when found there were two sarcophagi in the quartzite monolith described below and room for at least two more), or a deliberate action to facilitate robbery of the tomb, we cannot know.
The burial chamber was made out of a single quartzite monolith which was lowered into a larger chamber lined with limestone. This monolithic slab weighed an estimated 110 tons according to Petrie. A course of brick was placed on the chamber to raise the ceiling then the chamber was covered with 3 quartzite slabs (estimated weight 45 tons each). Above the burial chamber were 2 relieving chambers. This was topped with 50 ton limestone slabs forming a pointed roof. Then an enormous arch of brick 3 feet thick was built over the pointed roof to support the core of the pyramid.
The entrance to the pyramid is today flooded to a depth of 6 metres as a result of the waters from the Bahr Yusuf (Joseph's) Canal, which flows around two sides of the site and passes within 30m of the pyramid.
Excavations.
The first excavations at the site were made by Karl Lepsius, in 1843. William Flinders Petrie excavated at Hawara, in 1888, finding papyri of the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, and, north of the pyramid, a vast necropolis where he found 146 portraits on coffins dating to the Roman period, famous as being among the very few surviving examples of painted portraits from classical antiquity, the "Fayum" mummy portraits from Roman Egypt. Among the discoveries made by Petrie were papyrus manuscripts, including a great papyrus scroll which contains parts of books 1 and 2 of the "Iliad" (the "Hawara Homer" of the Bodleian Library, Oxford).


Caesar (Mercury Theatre)

Caesar is the title of Orson Welles's innovative 1937 adaptation of William Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar", a modern-dress bare-stage production that evoked comparison to contemporary Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Considered Welles's highest achievement in the theatre, it premiered November 11, 1937, as the first production of the Mercury Theatre, an independent repertory theatre company that presented an acclaimed series of productions on Broadway through 1941.
Production.
Breaking with the Federal Theatre Project in 1937, Orson Welles and John Houseman founded their own repertory company, which they called the Mercury Theatre. The name was inspired by the title of the iconoclastic magazine, "The American Mercury". The original company included such actors as Joseph Cotten, George Coulouris, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Ruth Ford, Arlene Francis, Martin Gabel, John Hoysradt, Whitford Kane, Norman Lloyd, Vincent Price, Erskine Sanford, Stefan Schnabel and Hiram Sherman.
The Mercury Theatre opened November 11, 1937, with "Caesar"—Welles's modern-dress adaptation of Shakespeare's tragedy "Julius Caesar", streamlined into an anti-fascist tour de force that Joseph Cotten later described as "so vigorous, so contemporary that it set Broadway on its ear." The set was completely open with no curtain, and the brick stage walls were painted dark red. Scene changes were achieved by lighting alone. On the stage was a series of risers; squares were cut into one riser at intervals and lights were set beneath it, pointing straight up to evoke the "cathedral of light" at the Nuremberg Rallies. "He staged it like a political melodrama that happened the night before," said Norman Lloyd, who played the role of Cinna the Poet.
In a scene that became the fulcrum of the show, Cinna the Poet dies at the hands not of a mob but of a secret police force. Lloyd called it "an extraordinary scene [that] gripped the audience in a way that the show stopped for about three minutes. The audience stopped it with applause. It showed the audience what fascism was; rather than an intellectual approach, you saw a physical one."
In addition to adapting the text, Welles directed the production and performed the role of Marcus Brutus. Music was by Marc Blitzstein; sets were by Samuel Leve; the production manager and lighting designer was Jean Rosenthal. Rehearsals began October 21, 1937. At the end of October, press agent Henry Senber oversaw a ceremony unveiling the new electric sign identifying the theatre as the Mercury. Ticket prices ranged from 55 cents, for seats in the top balcony, to $2.20 for front row orchestra seats.
The production moved from the Mercury Theatre to the larger National Theatre on January 24, 1938. It ran through May 28, 1938, for a total of 157 performances.
""Caesar" was unquestionably Welles's highest achievement in the theatre," wrote critic Richard France.
At least two memorable incidents marked the production. Arthur Anderson, who played the role of young Lucius, found himself bored and lonely in his third-floor dressing room at the National Theatre. During the matinee performance on March 10, 1938, he stood on a chair and lifted a match to a sprinkler head—accidentally setting off the fire-sprinkler system. Water poured under a fire door down onto the main switchboard and began pooling at Welles's feet during the funeral oration. The show was delayed 15 minutes as electricians worked and stagehands mopped the floor. Anderson kept his job, but he was charged $30 for sprinkler repairs and was required to have an extra at his side for two weeks at $1 a show. The incident is fictionalized in Robert Kaplow's novel "Me and Orson Welles" (2003) and its 2008 film adaptation.
Actor Joseph Holland, who played the title role in "Caesar", was accidentally stabbed by Welles during the performance on April 6, 1938. Welles performed with a real dagger, which caught the light dramatically during the assassination scene. Holland collapsed on the stage floor and remained motionless, and in time the cast members realized that he was bleeding profusely. At the end of the scene he was taken by taxi to the hospital. During the month it took Holland to recover, the role of Caesar was played by John Hoysradt. Holland returned to the "Caesar" cast on May 5, 1938.
Gallery.
Herbert Kehl's color photographs in the June 1938 issue of "Coronet" magazine are from the production after it moved from the Mercury Theatre to the larger National Theatre in January. At the National Theatre, Polly Rowles took the role of Calpurnia and Alice Frost played Portia.
Reception.
Unable to attend on opening night, drama critic John Mason Brown asked to review the matinee preview of "Caesar"—"a troublesome request", wrote producer John Houseman, but one that was granted. At the end of the performance, Brown asked to be taken backstage. "Orson, sitting before his makeup table in his green military greatcoat, looked up in consternation as one of the country's leading drama critics burst into the dressing room and started to tell us such things about the production as we had not hoped to hear even in our most megalomaniacal dreams," Houseman recalled. In his "New York Post" review, Brown called "Caesar" "by all odds the most exciting, the most imaginative, the most topical, the most awesome and the most absorbing of the season's new productions. The touch of genius is upon it."
"Bard Boffola" read "Variety". Heywood Broun called "Caesar" "the most exhilarating play in New York". "Greatly conceived and brilliantly executed, it is the most vivid production of Shakespeare seen in New York in this generation," wrote "The Nation". In the "New York Herald Tribune", critic Richard Watts called it "a production so exciting and imaginative, so completely fascinating in all its phases, there is nothing to do but let ourselves go and applaud it unreservedly. Here, splendidly acted and thrillingly produced is what must certainly be the great "Julius Caesar" of our time."
"Stage" magazine awarded Welles the palm, its citation of excellence, and featured him (as Brutus) on the cover of its June 1938 issue:
To Orson Welles, director, man of letters, disciple of classic repertory, for the season's most outstanding contribution to the American stage—the Mercury Theatre. For founding that theatre, with John Houseman. For the vision, the courage, the executive art which accompanied its founding. For establishing a uniformly excellent repertory company. For the editing, direction, lighting, presentation scheme of "Julius Caesar", which made the Mercury's bare-stage, modern-dress production of that classic one of the most exciting dramatic events of our time.
Touring production.
In financial straits from the outset, the Mercury briefly considered exploiting the sensational success of "Caesar" by continuing a straight run of the play and setting aside its repertory mission. Instead, the company went into rehearsal with two new productions and accepted a proposal for a road tour of "Caesar". Producer Alex Yokel offered a $5,000 advance and 50 percent of the profits, and Welles and Houseman began casting the road company. Tom Powers, a leading actor with the Theatre Guild and a principal in the original production of "Strange Interlude", led the company as Brutus. Houseman wrote that Powers "lacked some of Orson's 'high-souled nobility' but he had sincerity and authority." Also in the cast were Lawrence Fletcher (Caesar), Vincent Donehue (Cinna the Poet), Herbert Ranson (Cassius, later played by Morgan Farley), Edmond O'Brien (Marc Antony), Edgar Barrier (Casca), Helen Craig (Calpurnia), Muriel Brassler (Portia) and a supporting ensemble of 60.
The five-month national tour of "Caesar" began January 17, 1938, in Providence, Rhode Island. The itinerary included Hartford and New Haven, Connecticut, Boston (Colonial Theatre), Washington, D.C. (National Theatre), Baltimore (Ford's Theater), Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago (Erlanger Theatre), St. Louis (American Theatre), Milwaukee (Davidson Theatre), Madison (Parkway Theatre) and Toronto. Welles flew to Chicago to personally supervise the production.
The roadshow "Caesar" elicited great critical acclaim, but attendance did not meet expectations. The Mercury Theatre did not see a half-share of profits from the touring production because it never went into the black. "These financial set-backs, whose implications would eventually catch up with them in ways that could scarcely have been predicted, did nothing to daunt their high spirits," wrote biographer Simon Callow.
Brutus received particular praise: "Tom Powers has been vouchsafed the opportunity to reveal, as never before, his innate soundness of spirit," wrote Florence Fisher Parry in "The Pittsburgh Press". Powers replaced Welles in "Caesar" at the National Theatre when "Heartbreak House" got under way. "I remember his Brutus as a good, earnest performance," wrote Arthur Anderson, who played the role of young Lucius, "but he did not have half the pent-up energy or the vocal dynamics in the role as did Orson Welles." In the final weeks of "Caesar" on Broadway, Edmond O'Brien replaced George Coulouris, who was also performing in "Heartbreak House".
Original cast recording.
In March 1938, members of the original cast recorded highlights from "Caesar" for Columbia Masterworks Records. With incidental music by Marc Blitzstein, the recording features Orson Welles (Brutus), Joseph Holland (Caesar), George Coulouris (Marcus Antonius), Martin Gabel (Cassius), Hiram Sherman (Casca), John Hoyt (Decius Brutus), and John A. Willard (Trebonius, Volumnius). A set of five 12" 78 rpm records (M-325) was released in 1939. In 1998 the recording was released on compact disc, with Welles's Mercury Text Records recording of "Twelfth Night", on the Pearl label. It is also available at the Internet Archive.
Cultural references.
"Cinna the Poet" (1959), a painting by Jacob Landau created 20 years after the pivotal scene in "Caesar" was performed, is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art.
Richard Linklater's 2008 film "Me and Orson Welles" is a romantic comedy set during the days before the opening of "Caesar" at the Mercury Theatre. Christian McKay received numerous accolades for his portrayal of Welles, and "Me and Orson Welles" was named one of the top ten independent films of 2009 by the National Board of Review. "Wall Street Journal" drama critic Terry Teachout reserved special praise for the film's recreation of "Caesar": "What makes "Me and Orson Welles" uniquely interesting to scholars of American drama is that Mr. Linklater's design team found the Gaiety Theatre on the Isle of Man. This house closely resembles the old Comedy Theatre on 41st Street, which was torn down five years after "Julius Caesar" opened there. Using Samuel Leve's original designs, they reconstructed the set for "Julius Caesar" on the Gaiety's stage. Then Mr. Linklater filmed some 15 minutes' worth of scenes from the play, lit according to Jean Rosenthal's plot, accompanied by Marc Blitzstein's original incidental music and staged in a style as close to that of the 1937 production as is now possible." Teachout wrote that he "was floored by the verisimilitude of the results".


Dorrit

Dorrit is a feminine given name. Persons bearing the name include:


List of New York State Historic Markers in Cattaraugus County, New York

This is a complete list of New York State Historic Markers in Cattaraugus County, New York.


Order of Central African Merit

The Order of Central African Merit is the highest civil decoration of the Central African Republic. It was instituted on 20 June 1959, with the Grand Officer class being added on October 13, 1961.
It is awarded for special merit in the humanitarian, economic and social spheres.
Grades.
It has five grades: Grand Cross, Grand Officer, Commander, Officer, and Knight. In addition, there is a Collar, which is the "de facto" presidential insignia.


Ugo

Ugo may refer to:
A town situated in orhionmwon local government area of Edo state, it is also regarded as "Ugo ebo-ebo" meaning the seat of traditional medicine.
People.
"Ugo" is the Italian form of "Hugo" and "Hugh", a widely used name of Germanic origin. For the history and etymology of the name, see Hugh (given name). It is also a Nigerian Igbo first name.


Corrigan (surname)

The Corrigan (O'Corrigan, Carrigan, Corocan, Courigan, Currigan) surname is of Irish origin. Corrigan means a "Spear" in Irish. It is believed to have originated from Coirdhecan in Eoghain. It is also believed to be connected to the Maguire clan. The Corrigan surname was common in the 17th century in County Fermanagh. Today it has spread across most of Ireland, Scotland and to the United States and Canada.
The Irish sept "Ó Corragáin", whose stronghold was in County Fermanagh, is the origin of the names Corrigan, Carrigan, Courigan, Corgan, and Currigan. Early records in the "Annals of the Four Masters" indicate the name was associated with clerics and abbots. It was well established during the Middle Ages, spreading south into the counties of Monaghan, Meath, Roscommon and Offaly. The village of Ballycorrigan near Nenagh in County Tipperary indicates the name also spread to that county.
A Corrigan Coat of Arms consists of a chevron between two trefoils slipt, in chief and in base a wingless dragon passant vert. The motto is: "Consilio et Impetu" ().
Persons with the surname Currigan.
Michael Corrigan, author


Vera Chino

Vera Chino Ely (born June 27, 1943) is a Native American potter from Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico. She is the youngest daughter of Marie Z. Chino, who was also a potter. Vera learned from her mother.
In the late 1970s she worked with her mother doing fine-line painting on some of her pots. In 1979, she participated in the “One Space: Three Visions” exhibition at the Albuquerque Museum. A collection of her works can be seen at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Vera’s sisters, Carrie Charlie (b. 1925), Rose Garcia (b. 1928), and Grace Chino (ca 1929-1994), are all award-winning Acoma potters.


Tell el-Balamun

Tell el-Balamun (; ) first known as Smabehdet, is an ancient city in Egypt dating from 2400 BC. It was once a port city on an estuary of the Nile, but is now inland of the Mediterranean Sea. In ancient times it was known as Diospolis Inferior. It has a complex of temples.
History.
First called Smabehdet or Behdet, the Ancient Egyptian city from 2400 BC or earlier. About 1200 BC, during the New Kingdom of Egypt, it was named Paiuenamun, meaning "The Island of the [god] Amun". It was the ancient form of the name of Balamun. Tell el-Balamun, located in an agricultural area in the Nile Delta, it was a port city of an estuary of the Nile (but is now from the Mediterranean Sea due to the advance of the Nile delta).
It was the site of a complex of temples. A Ramesside temple enclosure holds temples from the 26th and 30th dynasties for Nekhtnebef, Psamtik I, and Shoshenq III. There was also a cemetery for elite citizens near the temple enclosure. There was also a tomb of Iken, a Lower Egyptian Vizier, from 900 B.C. In antiquity, the stones for the temples were removed and used for other structures or burnt for lime.
The city was continuously occupied until the 6th century A.D.,
when it was an ancient Roman city with a limestone slab paved road.
Archaeological site.
The archaeological site, more than a kilometre in diameter, is a series of mounds up to . What survives within the site are a fortress, other mud structures, and trenches that show the walls of the temples. In 1913, Howard Carter of the Griffith Institute of the University of Oxford performed an archaeological excavation. Francis Ghattas of Mansura University carried out work in 1977 and 1978. The British Museum sponsored excavations beginning in 1991, in partnership with the Egypt Exploration Society, Polish Academy of Sciences and Polish Center for Mediterranean Archaeology. The project continued until 2010.


La Mar Enfortuna (band)

La Mar Enfortuna is the Sephardic side project from the alt rock group Elysian Fields, Oren Bloedow and Jennifer Charles. La Mar Enfortuna is a modern interpretation of lost or forgotten music, mostly of the Sephardim, from the 11th to the 16th century, with songs sung in Ladino, Arabic, Aramaic, Spanish, Greek, and English. They incorporate the sounds of jazz, folk, rock, Middle Eastern, and Latin musics. Besides Charles and Bloedow, the core group as it now stands includes Doug Wieselman, Ted Reichman, Robert DiPietro, and Brahim Fribgane.
The group released two albums, an eponymous album in 2001 and "Convivencia" in 2007, both on John Zorn's Tzadik label. Guests on "Convivencia" include Ljova Zhurbin, Chuscales, Liaqat Khan, and Benjamin Lapidus. The band has played in Washington, DC, New York City, at La Cigale in Paris, La Huerta de Federico Garcia Lorca in Granada, Spain, and the Chicago World Music Festival.


Peninsula Pictures

Peninsula Pictures is an Indian company that produces television series and entertainment content. The company was founded in the year 2015 by Alind Srivastava and Nissar Parvej and the head office is located in Andheri West, Mumbai.
The company has produced shows for General Entertainment Channels (GECs) like Aladdin - Naam Toh Suna Hoga (Sony SAB), Paramavatar Shri Krishna (TV), Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha (TV), Mayavi Maling (STAR Bharat), Dev (Colors), Dev Season 2 (Colors), Vishkanya (Zee TV) and started new show "Kahat Hanuman Jai Shree Ram" broadcasting on &TV.The company is known for creating different genre shows in the likes of fantasy, mythological, drama, thriller, crime, mystery and romance.
In September 2017, Peninsula Pictures started a new division solely dedicated to specialized VFX and computer graphics under the title ‘Peninsula Studio’. The Studio was founded by Alind Srivastava and Nissar Parvej and is now being spearheaded by Lipika Shetty.
Founders.
Alind Srivastava.
Alind began his career with Sagar Arts working for shows such as Hello Dollie and Lucky. His passion lead him to explore fantasy and mythological genres as Creative Director of shows like Arslaan, Chandragupta Maurya, Singhasan Battisi. He also directed intense war sequences, involving complicated computer graphics, in Ramayan for NDTV Imagine. He was the Creative Producer and content developer for Suvreen Guggal – Topper of the Year.
Nissar Parvej.
Nissar Parvej began his career by assisting on shows like Shaka Laka Boom Boom and Sanjeevani and took over the mantle of a director on the same show later. He directed the sequel of Sanjeevani , titled Dill Mil Gayye which was a huge hit. Nissar also directed other popular shows such as Sssh.. Phir Koi Hai, Lucky, Mile Jab Hum Tum and Geet. He received the Best Director's Award for his popular love story Geet Hui Sabsi Parayi in the year 2010.<br>
Nissar later went on to produce shows like Humse Hai Life, Suvreen Guggal, Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon, Qubool Hai and more.


El Paisano Hotel

El Paisano Hotel is a historic hotel located in Marfa, Texas, United States. The hotel was designed by Trost & Trost and opened in 1930. The hotel may be best known as the location headquarters for the cast and crew of the film "Giant" (1956) for six weeks in the summer of 1955 The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 1, 1978.
The El Paisano Hotel was built by Charles N. Bassett of El Paso. It was designed by Henry C. Trost of Trost & Trost of El Paso, Texas in a Spanish Revival style. The hotel is a "U" shape plan with a fifty by fifty foot courtyard with a large fountain in the center.
The main customers of the El Paisano during the 1930s and 1940s were area cattle ranchers who came to Marfa to buy and sell their herds, and tourists who came to West Texas for the benefits of the dry desert air.
In 1955, George Stevens and a Warner Bros film crew came to Presidio County to film "Giant". The El Paisano Hotel served as base of operations for the months during which time the film was being shot in the surrounding countryside. Stevens stayed at the El Paisano Hotel as did the 300 plus members of the cast and crew who included: James Dean, Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, Sal Mineo, Chill Wills, and Jane Withers among others.
Gary and Carolyn Rogers visited from Houston and bought the property in 1970, moving their children, Cynthia Rogers Williams, Melissa Rogers Smith, and Buddy Rogers into the hotel for several years until purchasing a Trost-designed home in Marfa. The hotel enjoyed a thriving restaurant and bar business, and their children enjoyed pottery and piano lessons from two retired ladies who lived permanently in the hotel, as well as parties by the pool. The piano is still in use at the hotel today off the lobby. The Rogers sold the property to Jack Brown of El Paisano Properties Corp. in the late 1970s after Mr. Rogers became a ranch broker.
El Paisano Properties Corp. converted the hotel's 65 rooms into 9 timeshare condominiums. Although 800 timeshare units were sold, the owners eventually abandoned the business and Presidio County foreclosed on the property for back taxes. Joe and Lanna Duncan purchased the property at auction for $185,000 in March 2001. After three years of renovations, the hotel reopened with 33 rooms and suites available for the public.


List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Clinton County

This is a list of the Pennsylvania state historical markers in Clinton County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Clinton County, Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC). The locations of the historical markers, as well as the latitude and longitude coordinates as provided by the PHMC's database, are included below when available. There are 12 historical markers located in Clinton County.
Historical markers.
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A Fight for Love

A Fight for Love was a 1919 American Western film directed by John Ford and featuring Harry Carey. The film is considered to be lost.
Plot.
As described in a film magazine, Cheyenne Harry (Carey) has a sheriff and posse on his trail because of his knowledge of a cattle rustling incident and makes a dash for safety across the Canada–US border. When the posse stops at the border, he calmly waves his gun and rolls a cigarette. The sheriff, however, has contacted the Canadian Mounted Police, and they are soon watching Harry. He finds refuge with a band of Indians, but then clashes over an Indian girl (May) with Black Michael (Harris), leader of a gang of whiskey runners. Harry's real love is with Kate (Gerber), daughter of local trader Angus McDougal (Fenton). However, his rival here is also Black Michael. Michael kills an Indian and abducts Kate, but Harry follows and rescues her. Harry beats Michael in a terrific fight, with Michael confessing to his crimes before dying.


Ushu

Ushu (in the Amarna Letters Usu) was an ancient mainland city that supplied the city of Tyre with water, supplies and burial grounds. Its name was based upon the mythical figure Usoos or Ousoüs, a descendant of Genos and Genea whose children allegedly discovered fire, as recorded by Sanchuniathon (Sankunyaton).
1350 BC, Amarna letters "Usu".
The 1350-1335 BC Amarna Letters correspondence refers to mainland Usu in three letters of Abimilku of Tyre. The three letters, EA 148, 149, 150-(EA for 'el Amarna'), are the only references to Usu in the 382 letters corpus and are grouped because of the topic, partially Usu, of the three letters.
Of note, Abimilku is nowhere else referenced by name in any other letters of the correspondence, except his own letters, all addressed to the Ancient Egyptian pharaoh. Abimilku's ten letters, EA 145 to EA 155, mostly have the conflict of Tyre with Zimredda (Sidon mayor), the Habiru, or Aziru of Amurru-(especially EA 148, with Usu). Zimredda is the topic of five of the ten letters. In letter EA 149, with commissioner Haapi, the pharaoh is seeking information about Zimredda.
In the three letters with Usu, water, wood, straw, clay and burial grounds (the dead) are referenced. Pottery may be implied with some of the materials, as well as food, the straw or wood for fires.


List of Indiana state historical markers in Cass County

This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Cass County.
This is intended to be a detailed table of the official state historical marker placed in Cass County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The location of the historical marker and its latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with its name, year of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau. There is 1 historical marker located in Cass County.


Romola Remus

Romola Remus Dunlap (April 7, 1900 – February 17, 1987) was an American actress who was the first to play Dorothy Gale in film, in the 1908 multimedia stage/film production "The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays", an adaptation of the Oz books. She worked directly with author L. Frank Baum, the creator of the character.
Family.
Remus was the daughter of the highly successful bootlegger George Remus and his first wife Lillian Klauff Remus. Her father, a pharmacist, later became a successful criminal defense lawyer in Chicago and a bootlegger in Cincinnati.
Silent film career.
"The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays" was produced by the Selig Polyscope Company in Chicago, and Remus was paid $5.00 per day for her performance. Remus was cast in the film by L. Frank Baum himself.
After the film was completed, Remus and other cast members toured with L. Frank Baum. "Mr. Baum himself took the film on the road and narrated the story onstage," Remus said. "There was an orchestra and we stood offstage, singing occasionally. . . . I remember that after the film, I would come onstage to take a bow and then go to the back of the theater and sell the Oz books" Remus recalled.
Remus also appeared in other early silent films, including "Mary: Ten Nights in a Bar Room" and "The Four-Footed Hero". When Chicago's film studios relocated to Hollywood, her parents decided that she should stay in Chicago, and her film career ended.
Father's legal problems.
In 1918, her parents separated, and later divorced. Her father married Imogene Holmes, and relocated to Cincinnati, Ohio. Romola Remus was devoted to her father. In Cincinnati, he began defending accused bootleggers, and later became a successful bootlegger himself, acquiring control of the Fleischmann Company distillery. In 1925, George Remus was convicted of violating the Volstead Act and spent two years in federal prison. During that time, his wife began an affair with Franklin Dodge, a government agent. Upon his release from prison, George Remus shot and killed his estranged wife. He was prosecuted for murder, but acquitted on the basis of temporary insanity. Romola Remus was at his side in the courtroom constantly during his trial, and took a job as a cabaret singer to help pay his legal bills.
When George Remus was released from a brief stay at the Lima State Hospital for the Criminally Insane in Lima, Ohio, Romola Remus said, "I am the happiest girl in the world."
Later years.
Following her work in silent films, she became a vaudeville performer and an instructor of dance and music. In the last dozen years of her life, she was an organist at Chicago's 12th Church of Christ Scientist.
In 1984, Remus appeared at the 28th annual "Ozmopolitan" fan convention, organized by The International Wizard of Oz Club, where she sang several songs, including "I Was a Flora Dora Baby", originally popularized by Fanny Brice in the Ziegfeld Follies. She also appeared in the 1985 Public Broadcasting System documentary "The Whimsical World of Oz", which was released at the same time as the Walt Disney theatrical film "Return to Oz".
She died in a Chicago hospital on February 17, 1987.


Adrift in a Great City

Adrift in a Great City is a 1914 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Film Corporation that stars Florence LaBadie. The film begins with Pat Moran who pays for the passage of his wife and daughter to join him in America, but he is seriously injured on the way to greeting them. Left by themselves, the daughter works in a sweatshop and goes blind, forcing her and her mother to become beggars. By pure happenstance, the blind girl wanders to the hospital where her father is recovering and tells her story to a doctor. The father recognizes the girl as his daughter and the family is reunited, and the doctor confirms her blindness can be cured. The film was reviewed negatively by critics for its poor scenario, settings and technical execution. The film is presumed lost.
Plot.
Pat Moran, the foreman of a construction gang, worked hard to save up enough money to pay for the passage of his wife and daughter to their new home in America. On the day of their arrival, he heads to the pier to greet them and becomes involved in a serious accident. He is injured and taken unconscious to the hospital as an unidentified patient. His wife and daughter know nothing of what has befallen him and struggle to live in the city. The daughter gets a position in a sweatshop, and her eyesight deteriorates until she is unable to work anymore. Now blind, she resorts to playing the violin for money while her mother becomes a beggar.
As Pat Moran recovers in the hospital, he sends messengers out to contact his wife and child, but they all fail to find them. One day, the blind girl has lost her way and stumbles into the hospital grounds. She encounters the doctor and tells him of her story and plight. Weakly reclining in a chair nearby, Pat Moran overhears her and recognizes the girl as his daughter. The grief of the separated family abates with their reunion and doctor's assurance that the blind girl that her sight can be restored.
Production.
The scenario was written by Lloyd F. Lonergan, but the director of the film is uncredited. Little is known of the production, but a review in "The New York Dramatic Mirror" made the assumption that the scenes were shot in the morning. The film starred Florence La Badie, who was the most prominent player of the Thanhouser Company and frequently in the leading roles of films including "The Million Dollar Mystery" which would captivate the United States. The role of the father was played, Sidney Bracy, was a stage actor of considerable experience who claimed to have been affiliated with the Thanhouser players since 1910. Though Q. David Bowers says that it is probably an incorrect assertion, it is possible that Bracy may not have been a full-time member of the company. Bracy's first credited work appears in 1913, but it would not be until "The Million Dollar Mystery" that Bracy would garner much attention in the role of Jones, the Butler. The role of the doctor was played by Arthur Bauer who was a veteran of the stage and film, through the Great Northern Film Company, before signing onto the Thanhouser Company. The announcement of Bauer's role at Thanhouser came after the release of sixteen films, including "Adrift in the Great City", on March 21, 1914. Lila Chester, played the role of a nurse in the production. Chester was claimed by a Thanhouser publicist to have appeared in over 400 films by February 14, 1914. Bowers reasons that if these productions were with Thanhouser, than most of them had to be minor roles because of the lack of attention and credits she was given. The one reel drama film, approximately 1008 feet long, was filmed in New York City and New Rochelle, New York.
Release and reception.
The film was released in the United States on January 13, 1914, and later in Britain on April 13, 1914. The film had a wide release in the United States with showings in Kansas, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Indiana, North Carolina, Texas, Kentucky, Wisconsin, and Missouri.
The film was met with negative reviews by critics and mixed enthusiasm by theater proprietors. "The Morning Telegraph" found it unbelievable and only for the sake of the plot that family would be reunited by happenstance. "The Moving Picture World" was negative finding that it was not a strong offering because of the plot and the camerawork having resulted in a cloudy image quality in parts of the production. "The New York Dramatic Mirror" found the concept of the plot to be interesting, but the execution to have been poorly executed. The review found that the production was crude, cheap and unconvincing because the set was bare and lacked the presence of onlookers on the city scenes. Advertisers like the Majestic theater of Wellington, Kansas, would prompt it as a "well told story". The Empire in Frederick, Maryland, would be equally promotional and appeal to the audience as having pretty girls in the cast. The Edisonia in Durham, North Carolina, advertised the film as a strong Thanhouser drama that was "thrilling, pathetic, interesting". The film is presumed lost.
Notes.
The plot was reconstructed from the "Reel Life" synopsis that is included Q. David Bowers "Thanhouser Films: An Encyclopedia and History Volume 2: Filmography" and the synopsis published in "Moving Picture World". Two aspects of the plot have been reported in reviews that are not reflected in the article's plot section because neither is in the published synopsizes. The review by "The Morning Telegraph" states that has both the blind girl and mother wander onto the hospital grounds. The review in "The New York Dramatic Mirror" states that the father was unconscious in a restaurant and not a hospital.


List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Washington County

This is a list of the Pennsylvania state historical markers in Washington County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Washington County, Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC). The locations of the historical markers, as well as the latitude and longitude coordinates as provided by the PHMC's database, are included below when available. There are 53 historical markers located in Washington County.


Lalmani Misra

Lalmani Misra (11 August 1924 – 17 July 1979) was an eminent Indian classical musician known as much for his art as for his scholarship.
Initiation into music.
Lalmani learnt "Dhruvapada (Dhrupad) Dhamar" in the tradition of Pt. Shankar Bhatt and Munshi Bhrigunath Lal. He learnt Khayal singing with Ustad Mehndi Hussain Khan, a disciple of Ustad Vazir Khan of Rampur Seni Gharana. He received training in Dhruvpad, Bhajan and Tabla from Swami Pramodanand; in sitar from Shri Shukdev Roy. Under the tutelage of Ustad Amir Ali Khan he perfected several other musical instruments.
Lalmani was appointed on the post of assistant music director in Shehanshahi Recording Company, Calcutta at the age of twelve. He worked in several films for the next two years. His interaction with these two, kindled an interest for orchestration in Lalmani.
Making music work.
He returned to Kanpur in 1940 after his father's death. A musical prodigy himself, he experimented with ways of imparting musical training to children, at a time and place where learning of music was shunned by the chaste and noble. He opened several "Bal Sangeet Vidyalaya" – music schools for children; modified the syllabus according to the need of learner, both formal and informal; started an orchestra society. He established the reputed institution of the region, "Bharatiya Sangeet Parishad", and a music college – "Gandhi Sangeet Mahavidyalaya". Excited by all things musical he persisted in experimenting and soon his innovations in technique, style, and orchestration brought him repute and regard.
Globe-trotter.
The renowned dance maestro Pt. Uday Shankar offered him the position of music director in his troupe. Lalmani Misra travelled with the troupe composing scores for the innovative dance presentations and ballets on mythological and contemporary themes. The troupe covered several major towns and cities of India and covered Ceylone, France, England, Belgium, America and Canada between 1951 and 1955. Misra was adept at playing several types of musical instruments, and had a knack for orchestration, which served the needs of Uday Shankar's innovative Dance troupe.
The experience with the troupe made him try his hand on stage as well. He created Meera opera that was staged in 1956 at Kanpur. The audience were amazed by sudden disappearance of Meera from stage, apparently merging into the idol of Lord Krishna. Another production of this opera was presented at Varanasi at Banaras Hindu University in 1960 at tenth anniversary of foundation of Music Faculty.
Music educationist.
On his return Lalmani Misra was appointed as the Registrar of "Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mandal Mahavidyalaya, Bombay" – the prestigious most body for Indian Classical Music education. On the pressing invitation of citizens and city officials, he resigned to join the college (Gandhi Sangeet Mahavidyalaya) he had founded in his hometown Kanpur, as its Principal in 1956.
Meanwhile, the College of Music and Fine Arts had been established by Pandit Omkarnath Thakur at Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi in 1950. By 1955–56 its teething troubles were over and department was ready for expansion. A scheme for its re-organization was prepared with inspiration and encouragement provided by the then Vice-Chancellor, C.P. Ramaswami Iyer. On the insistence of Pandit Omkarnath Thakur, Lalmani Misra accepted appointment as Reader in the college and left his native Kanpur a third time for Varanasi in 1957.
Shaping higher education.
Misra followed stalwart predecessors like Omkarnath Thakur and B. R. Deodhar in the Department of Performing Arts at BHU. Under his able helmsman-ship, the college increased its reputation in imparting the best education in Hindustani classical music. A rigorous hands-on course in performance and composition culminating in doctoral degree (D.Mus.) was started which has earned faculty positions for almost all its graduates around the globe. He was a visiting Professor in music in the South Asia Studies program at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia from 1969 to 1978. Many students came to learn intricacies of music with him. Pandit Uday Shankar sent his son Ananda Shankar to Misra to learn the art of orchestration.
Writing music.
Misra, apart from secretly perfecting the technique of Vichitra Veena after having heard a performance by Abdul Aziz Khan of Patiala, had carried out research on history and development of Indian musical instruments. His thesis published by Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi in 1973 (second edition 2002, reprinted 2004; fifth edition 2012) under the title Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya serves as primary reference work for identification, authentication and classification of Indian musical instruments. Another important treatise, first of a four-part series on techniques of strings was published as "Tantri Nad". After his death in 1979 his son Gopal Shankar Misra, internationally renowned Vichitra Veena artiste and professor, Faculty of Music and Fine Arts, BHU, Varanasi worked on the remaining volumes, relying on hand-written compositions and notes of Dr. Misra. After his demise on 13 August 1999, Gopal Shankar's sister Ragini Trivedi is carrying out publication work on unfinished books of their father. A book on essays written by Misra – "Sangeet Aur Samaj" (Music and Society) edited by Omprakash Chaurasiya and Ragini Trivedi was published by Madhukali Prakashan, Bhopal in 2000.
Compositions in various Raga-s and Tala-s have been compiled by several authors and former students.
"Raga Rupanjali" & "String Compositions of Twentieth Century" by Dr. Pushpa Basu.
"Rag Vibodh: Misrabani" in two volumes, "Sitar Compositions in Ome Swarlipi" by Ragini Trivedi.
For accurate presentation of his complex Misrabani compositions Ome Swarlipi digital notation system was created by Misra's grandson.
Creating Raga-s.
Dr. Pushpa Basu has documented following Raga-s in her book.
1. Madhu Bhairava. Hexatonic Raga of Bhairava Ang performed in early morning.
2. Shyam Bihag. Penta-heptatonic Raga of Kalyan Thaat & Ang, performed in late evening.
3. Madhukali. Penta-heptatonic Raga blending Madhuvanti, Multani & Ramkali, played in early evening.
4. Sameshwari. Penta-heptatonic Raga blending Rageshri and Kalavati, played in early evening.
5. Baleshwari. Hexa-hexatonic Raga blending Bageshwari and Bilaskhani Todi, played before noon.
6. Jog Todi. Hexa-heptatonic Raga blending Jog & Todi , played any time due its light nature.
7. Anand Bhairavai. Revived through research. Kind of Bhairavi called "Madhyam-Pradhan" (subdominant centric), which shuns "Rishabh" (supertonic)
Researcher and inventor.
Carrying out research in the music of Vedic age, he unravelled the mystery of Samic scale. To re-establish the lost notes of that period he created a Raga Sameshwari. Misra also first made it possible in history of mankind, the twenty-two Shruti-s (not to be confused with śruti, the genre of Vedic literature) to be distinctly heard on a single Veena. The invention and key to its function has been explained in “Shruti Veena” published on 11 February 1964 by Vikram Singh, Narendra Printing Works, Varanasi.
He had created several other Raga-s like Shyam Bihag, Jog Todi, Madhukali, Madhu-Bhairav, Baleshwari etc., all in strict adherence with rigid classical norms for creation of new Raga-s. Unesco released a compact disc of his Vichitra Veena entitled "The Music of Pandit Lalmani Misra" in 1996.
True inventions are seldom noticeable. Early on, Misra found use of Teen Tal in slow and medium compositions ubiquitous. He realised that it was the possibility of Chhand-s that made this Tal a favourite of most instrumentalists. He experimented and created equally alluring Chhand-s in other Tal-s. Legendary percussionists were enamored by his compositions because of their complex, oblique rhythm pattern and called it 'Koot ki Taan'. Later this style came to be known as Misrabani.


Kimche

Kimche is a Jewish surname.


Purple Pebble Pictures

Purple Pebble Pictures (PPP) is an Indian film production company established by actress and producer Priyanka Chopra. It is located in Mumbai, Maharastra, India. The company aims on producing small budget films and promoting new talent such as writers, actors, directors, and technicians.
In 2016, the company produced the critically acclaimed comedy-drama "Ventilator", which won several accolades including three National Film Awards. In 2019, the company's fourth Marathi film, "Paani" won the National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation. The same year, the company released the biographical film "The Sky Is Pink" which received three Filmfare Awards nominations.
History.
Purple Pebble Pictures was founded by Priyanka Chopra. The company ventured into films, television, and AD films. Chopra had always wanted to produce films but had been waiting for right time due to her immensely busy schedule. In May 2014, it was reported that she would be co-producing Madhur Bhandarkar's political drama "Madamji", a film she had signed earlier that year to star in. It was confirmed in August 2014 that Chopra indeed will be producing the film. However, the film was postponed to an unknown date due to full season extension of Chopra's American television series "Quantico". She said "Madamji is on hold and this film is very close to my heart. For this film, I have to give 70 days for shoot but since my show got extended, I couldn’t do it. Hopefully, someday I will make it. But right now I am not doing it."
Production ventures.
The company released its first project in 2016, the mobile series "It's My City", a sitcom about four girls living in an apartment owned by Priyanka Chopra. Co-produced with Endemol Shine India, it guest starred Chopra as herself (an official landlady, unofficial guardian and protective friend to the girls). The company next produced a Bhojpuri film entitled "Bam Bam Bol Raha Hai Kashi", which was released in January 2016.
The company next produced the Marathi film "Ventilator", which was released on 4 November 2016. The film featured an ensemble cast of more than 100 actors from Marathi cinema and theatre background including Ashutosh Gowariker, and Jitendra Joshi. Written and directed by Rajesh Mapuskar, the film tells the story of a joint family whose eldest and the most respected member is hospitalised before the Ganesh Chaturthi festival. The film received critical acclaim and performed well at the box office. The film received several awards and nominations, including three awards at the 64th National Film Awards: Best Director for Mapuskar, Best Editing and Best Sound Mixing. "Ventilator" also received 16 nominations at the 2017 Filmfare Marathi Awards, including Best Film and won five awards.
The Punjabi film "Sarvann" starring Amrinder Gill was released in January 2017. The company next released the Marathi "Kay Re Rascalaa" in July 2018. Another Bhojpuri film, "Kaashi Amarnath" was released in October 2018. The Sikkimese film "" directed by Pakhi Tyrewala which premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, was released in December 2018. The film won a Special Mention in The International Feature Film Category at SCHLINGEL International Children's Film Festival in Germany.
In February 2019, the drama film "Firebrand ", directed by Aruna Raje, starring Usha Jadhav, Rajeshwari Sachdev, Girish Kulkarni and Sachin Khedekar was released on Netflix. The Assamese film "Bhoga Khirikee", directed by Jahnu Barua and starring Zerifa Wahid, Seema Biswas, Sanjay Kharghoria, Kashvi Sharma and Mohammad Ali Shah in the principal roles premiered at the 2018 Guwahati International Film Festival and is schuduled to be released in 2019. "Bhoga Khirikee" received three nominations, Best Indie Film, Best Director and Best Actress for Wahid, at the 2019 Indian Film Festival of Melbourne.
The company's another 2019 film "Paani", based on a true story exploring the water crisis issue in Maharashtra and directed by debut director Adinath Kothare went on to win the National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation. at the 66th National Film Awards. This was followed by the biographical film "The Sky Is Pink", a co-production with RSVP Movies and Roy Kapur Films, later that year. Directed by Shonali Bose, the film tells the story of Aisha Chaudhary's parents, who are dealing with their daughter's illness (pulmonary fibrosis). The film received generally positive reviews. The film received three Filmfare Awards nominations: Best Film (Critics), Best Actress for Chopra and Best Supporting Actress for Wasim.
Upcoming projects.
Purple Pebble Pictures has several projects at the various stages of production. The company is producing two Bengali films "Brishtir Oppekhyayy" and "Bus Stop E Keu Nei". In addition, a Bengali-Marathi bilingual film, "Nalini", which is based on the romance between Rabindranath Tagore and Atmaram Pandurang's daughter Annapurna is also under production. The company is also producing two Children's films the Konkani film "Little Joe, Kaha Ho?" and their first Hindi film "Almaseer" both of which will be directed by female directors. Chopra has also signed Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury to direct a Hindi film, which she will be headlining.
In July 2017, the company announced their plans to venture into producing small budget Hollywood films as well, with a project on racism under development. The company will also be co-producing the Malayalam remake of "Ventilator" after receiving several offers to remake the film in other languages. A Children's film based on stray dogs is also under works.


Vernichtungslager


Cactus Trails

Cactus Trails is a lost 1927 American silent film western directed by Scott Pembroke and starring Bob Custer. It was produced by Custer and Joseph P. Kennedy and distributed through Film Booking Offices of America.


Hendrik van Steenwijk I

Hendrik van Steenwijck I (also "Steenwyck", "Steenwijk") ("c". 1550 – buried 1 September 1603) was a Dutch Golden Age painter, from early in the period, known mainly for his church interiors.
Van Steenwijck was born in Kampen, and was a student of the architectural painter Hans Vredeman de Vries, and the father of Hendrik van Steenwijk II He is known to have worked in Aachen (1573-6), Antwerp (1577–85) and Frankfurt (from 1586 on), where he died.
Van Steenwijck is the earliest-known painter of architectural interiors, a genre that was popular in Dutch Golden Age and Flemish Baroque painting. In addition to introducing the new genre, he also worked with more natural lighting and perspectival space than found in the works of his teacher Vredeman de Vries.


Elinav

Elinav is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:


Jasperware

Jasperware, or jasper ware, is a type of pottery first developed by Josiah Wedgwood in the 1770s. Usually described as stoneware, it has an unglazed matte "biscuit" finish and is produced in a number of different colours, of which the most common and best known is a pale blue that has become known as Wedgwood Blue. Relief decorations in contrasting colours (typically in white but also in other colours) are characteristic of jasperware, giving a cameo effect. The reliefs are produced in moulds and applied to the ware as sprigs.
After several years of experiments, Wedgwood began to sell jasperware in the late 1770s, at first as small objects, but from the 1780s adding large vases. It was extremely popular, and after a few years many other potters devised their own versions. Wedgwood continued to make it into the 21st century. The decoration was initially in the fashionable Neoclassical style, which was often used in the following centuries, but it could be made to suit other styles. Wedgwood turned to leading artists outside the usual world of Staffordshire pottery for designs. High-quality portraits, mostly in profile, of leading personalities of the day were a popular type of object, matching the fashion for paper-cut silhouettes. The wares have been made into a great variety of decorative objects, but not typically as tableware or teaware. Three-dimensional figures are normally found only as part of a larger piece, and are typically in white. Teawares are usually glazed on the inside.
In the original formulation the mixture of clay and other ingredients is tinted throughout by adding dye (often described as "stained"); later the formed but unfired body was merely covered with a dyed slip, so that only the body near the surface had the colour. These types are known as "solid" and "dipped" (or "Jasper dip") respectively. The undyed body was white when fired, sometimes with a yellowish tinge; cobalt was added to elements that were to stay white.
Jasperware composition and colours.
Named after the mineral jasper for marketing reasons, the exact Wedgwood formula remains confidential, but analyses indicate that barium sulphate is a key ingredient. Wedgwood had introduced a different type of stoneware called black basalt a decade earlier. He had been researching a white stoneware for some time, creating a body called "waxen white jasper" by 1773-74. This tended to fail in firing, and was not as attractive as the final jasperware, and little was sold.
Jasperware's composition varies but according to one 19th-century analysis it was approximately: 57% barium sulphate, 29% ball clay, 10% flint, 4% barium carbonate. Barium sulphate ("cawk" or "heavy-spar") was a fluxing agent and obtainable as a by-product of lead mining in nearby Derbyshire.
The fired body is naturally white but usually stained with metallic oxide colors; its most common shade is pale blue, but dark blue, lilac, sage green (described as "sea-green" by Wedgwood), black, and yellow are also used, with sage green due to chromium oxide, blue to cobalt oxide, and lilac to manganese oxide, with yellow probably coming from a salt of antimony, and black from iron oxide. Other colours sometimes appear, including white used as the main body colour, with applied reliefs in one of the other colours. The yellow is rare. A few pieces, mostly the larger ones like vases, use several colours together, and some pieces mix jasperware and other types together.
The earliest jasper was stained throughout, which is known as "solid," but before long most items were coloured only on the surface; these are known as "dipped" or "dip". Dipping was first used in 1777, Wedgwood writing that "the Cobalt @ 36s. per lb, which being too dear to mix with the clay of the whole grounds". By 1829 production in jasper had virtually ceased, but in 1844 production resumed making dipped wares. Solid jasper was not manufactured again until 1860. Early dark blue was often made by dipping a body made from the solid light blue. In the best early pieces the relief work was gone over, including some undercutting, by lapidaries.
Wedgwood designs.
The artists used for jasperware cannot always be identified, as they are not named on pieces they designed. As well as the Flaxmans, father and son, Wedgwood commissioned George Stubbs, and William Wood. William Hackwood was his chief in-house modeller, who was sometimes allowed to initial pieces. Using the celebrity of the aristocratic amateurs Lady Templeton and Lady Diana Beauclerk no doubt helped sales. As well as many original designs, ancient and modern works in various media were copied.
Jasperware is particularly associated with the neoclassical sculptor and designer John Flaxman Jr who began to supply Wedgwood with designs from 1775. Flaxman mostly worked in wax when designing for Wedgwood. The designs were then cast: some of them are still in production.
Sir William Hamilton's collection of ancient Greek vases was an important influence on Flaxman's work. These vases were first known in England from D'Hancarville's engravings, published from 1766.
Inspiration for Flaxman and Wedgwood came not only from ancient ceramics, but also from cameo glass, particularly the Portland Vase which was brought to England by Sir William Hamilton by 1784. The vase was lent to Wedgwood by the third Duke of Portland from 1786. Wedgwood devoted four years of painstaking trials at duplicating the vase in black and white jasperware, which was finally completely in 1790, the figures perhaps modelled by William Hackwood. The replica was exhibited in London in that year, with the initial showing restricted to 1,900 tickets, which soon sold out. Wedgwood's careful copies proved extremely useful when the vase was smashed in the British Museum in 1845, and then reconstructed by the restorer John Doubleday. The original edition was of 50 copies; in 1838 a further edition was cast in one piece, with the background then painted.
Date markings.
Wedgwood jasperware can often be dated by the style of potter's marks, although there are exceptions to the rules:
Other jasperware.
Jasperware was widely copied in England and elsewhere from its introduction, especially by other makers of Staffordshire pottery. The Real Fabrica del Buen Retiro in Madrid produced jasperware effects in biscuit porcelain. At the end of the eighteenth century they made jasperware plaques for a "porcelain room" in the Casita del Príncipe at the Escorial.
In the late 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Stahl developed his own style and techniques during his work at Villeroy & Boch in Mettlach, Saar, Germany. The name Phanolith was coined for this kind of jasperware. His work is praised for the translucency of the white porcelain on a colored background. Stahl's work is known for its refined modelling and the vibrancy of its figures. He thus combined the benefits of jasperware and pâte-sur-pâte. A stand at the World's Fair 1900 in Paris was the first major public presentation of his work and gained him a gold medal. For this event, two huge wall plates were created with dimensions of 220 cm x 60 cm, each.


Stephen Birmingham

Stephen Gardner Birmingham (May 28, 1929 – November 15, 2015) was an American author known for his social histories of wealthy American families, often focusing on ethnicity — Jews (his "Jewish trilogy": "Our Crowd", "The Grandees", "The Rest of Us"), African-Americans ("Certain People"), Irish ("Real Lace"), and the Anglo-Dutch ("America's Secret Aristocracy"). He also wrote several novels, also about wealthy people.
Biography.
Birmingham was born in Andover, Connecticut in 1929 to Editha Birmingham ("née" Gardner) and Thomas Birmingham, a lawyer of Irish descent. He was not born into an upper-class family, but attended the elite Hotchkiss School, of which he later recalled "there were no blacks, maybe one Chinese person, who was the son of a missionary, and a quota on Jews."
He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Williams College in 1950, and then worked as an advertising copywriter for Needham Harper Steers (now DDB Worldwide) in New York City. Among his clients was the popular magazine "Ladies' Home Journal", for which Birmingham was credited with coining the slogan "Never underestimate the power of a woman."
He was a teacher of writing at the University of Cincinnati and also studied for a time in England. He married Janet Tillson in 1953 and they had three children, but later divorced.
Birmingham had a great interest in the upper classes, and wrote numerous books about the wealthy in the United States, generally focusing on their ethnicity, national origins, and geographic locale. His biographies include those of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Wallis Warfield Windsor, and novelist John Marquand. His study of the African-American upper class — "Certain People" — generated some controversy and was panned by "The New York Times".
His other books, however, were often acclaimed. His trilogy of books on American Jews: "Our Crowd: The Great Jewish Families of New York", "The Grandees: America's Sephardic Elite", and "The Rest of Us: The Rise of America's Eastern European Jews" are perhaps his best known works. "Our Crowd" was on "The New York Times" Bestseller List for 47 weeks; its notoriety led to people often mistakenly assuming Birmingham was Jewish himself.
Birmingham died on November 15, 2015, at the age of 86 in New York City, from lung cancer.
Works.
Fiction.
Short stories
Novels


Conn, the Shaughraun

Conn, the Shaughraun is a 1912 Australian silent film directed by Gaston Mervale starring Louise Lovely based on a popular play by Dion Boucicault. It is considered a lost film.
Plot.
Kinchela, an unscrupulous land agent, determines to get possession of the land belonging to Robert Ffolliott and his sister Claire, who are his charges. He causes Robert to be sentenced to penal servitude by swearing information falsely that he is a Fenian. Robert escapes and returns home, and is again soon in the hands of Kinchela. But Conn, the shaughraun, intervenes, Robert is pardoned (as are all the Fenians), and Kinchela brought to justice.


Delicious (film)

Delicious (1931) is an American pre-Code Gershwin musical romantic comedy film starring Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell, directed by David Butler, with color sequences in Multicolor (now lost).
Production background.
The film features music by George Gershwin, including the introduction of "Rhapsody in Rivets", which was expanded by the composer even before the film soundtrack was recorded into the concert work for piano and orchestra "Second Rhapsody", regarded today as one of Gershwin's neglected masterpieces. Gershwin also contributed other sequences for the score, but only a five-minute dream sequence called "The Melting Pot" and the six-minute "Rhapsody in Rivets" made the final cut. Fox Film Corporation rejected the rest of the score.
Gaynor plays a Scottish girl emigrating by ship to America who runs afoul of the authorities and has to go on the run, falling in with a ragtag group of immigrant musicians in Manhattan. Gaynor and Farrell made almost a dozen films together, including Frank Borzage's classics "Seventh Heaven" (1927), "Street Angel" (1928), and "Lucky Star" (1929). Gaynor won the first Academy Award for Best Actress for the first two and F. W. Murnau's "Sunrise".
Preservation status.
On December 14, 2011, Turner Classic Movies aired a print of the film restored by George Eastman House.
On September 22, 2013, it was announced that a musicological critical edition of the full orchestral score will be eventually released. The Gershwin family, working in conjunction with the Library of Congress and the University of Michigan, are working to make scores available to the public that represent Gershwin's true intent. The entire Gershwin project may take 30 to 40 years to complete, and it is unclear when the score to "Delicious" will be released. It will be the first time this score has ever been published.


List of Indiana state historical markers in Kosciusko County

This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Kosciusko County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Kosciusko County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The locations of the historical markers and their latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with their names, years of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau. There are 8 historical markers located in Kosciusko County.