Centipede (video game)

Centipede is a 1980 fixed shooter arcade game developed and published by Atari, Inc. Designed by Dona Bailey and Ed Logg, it was one of the most commercially successful games from the golden age of arcade video games and one of the first with a significant female player base. The primary objective is to shoot all the segments of a centipede that winds down the playing field. An arcade sequel, "Millipede", followed in 1982.
"Centipede" was ported to Atari's own Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 7800, and Atari 8-bit family. Under the Atarisoft label, the game was sold for the Apple II, Commodore 64, ColecoVision, VIC-20, IBM PC (as a self-booting disk), Intellivision, and TI-99/4A. Superior Software published the port for the BBC Micro. Versions for the Game Boy and Game Boy Color were also produced, as well as a version for the short-lived Game.com developed by Handheld Games and published by Tiger Electronics.
Gameplay.
The player controls a small insect-like "Bug Blaster". It is moved around the bottom area of the screen with a trackball and fires small darts at a segmented centipede advancing from the top of the screen through a field of mushrooms. Each segment of the centipede becomes a mushroom when shot; shooting one of the middle segments splits the centipede into two pieces at that point. Each piece then continues independently on its way down the screen, with the rear piece sprouting its own head. If the centipede head is destroyed, the segment behind it becomes the next head. Shooting the head is worth 100 points while the other segments are 10. The centipede starts at the top of the screen, traveling either left or right. When it touches a mushroom or reaches the edge of the screen, it descends one level and reverses direction. The player can destroy mushrooms (a point each) by shooting them, but each takes four shots to destroy. At higher levels, the screen can become increasingly crowded with mushrooms due to player/enemy actions, causing the centipede to descend more rapidly.
Once the centipede reaches the bottom of the screen, it moves back and forth within the player area and one-segment "head" centipedes will periodically appear from the side. This continues until the player has eliminated both the original centipede and all heads. When all the centipede's segments are destroyed, another one enters from the top of the screen. The initial centipede is 10 or 12 segments long, including the head; each successive centipede is one segment shorter and accompanied by one detached, faster-moving head. This pattern continues until all segments are separate heads, after which it repeats with a single full-length centipede.
The player also encounters other creatures besides the centipedes. Fleas drop vertically and disappear upon touching the bottom of the screen, occasionally leaving a trail of mushrooms in their path when only a few mushrooms are in the player movement area; they are worth 200 points and takes two shots to destroy. Spiders move across the player area in a zig-zag pattern and eat some of the mushrooms; they are worth 300, 600, or 900 points depending on how close the player shoots it. Scorpions move horizontally across the screen, turning every mushroom they touch into poison mushrooms. Scorpions are also worth the most points of all enemies with 1,000 points each. A centipede touching a poison mushroom will attack straight down toward the bottom, then return to normal behavior upon reaching it. This "poisoned" centipede can be both beneficial and detrimental to the player; the player can destroy them rapidly as it descends down, while at the same time, they can be very challenging to avoid, especially if already split into multiple segments.
The Bug Blaster will be destroyed when hit by any enemy, after which any poisonous or partially damaged mushrooms revert to normal. 5 points are awarded for each regenerated mushroom. The player gains extra lives every 12,000 points (10,000 in several ported versions).
Development.
Dona Bailey and Ed Logg developed "Centipede" for Atari. Logg, a supervisor, said that he did the design, while Bailey did about half of the programming. Bailey was one of the few female game programmers in the industry. Logg stated that the game was intended to attract women players; he believed that its design was not biased by sex, unlike a fighting or sports game. Bailey said: "I really like pastels ... I really wanted it to look different, to be visually arresting". 
Reception.
"Centipede" was one of the first arcade coin-operated video games to have a significant female player base. "How to Win Video Games" (1982) estimated that half of its players and 60% of "Pac-Man"s were women, while 95% of "Defender" players were men.
In 1983, "Softline" readers named "Centipede" ninth on the magazine's Top Thirty list of Atari 8-bit programs by popularity. The game received the award for "1984 Best Computer Action Game" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards where the judges described it as "pack[ing] a real roundhouse punch", and suggested that some "insist that [the "Centipede"] Atari cartridge is the best home-arcade edition you can buy". David H. Ahl of "Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games" said that the Atari 5200 version was "delightful fun".
In a 1984 "Video" review of the Apple II version of the game, Bill Kunkel and Arnie Katz commented that "the graphic limits of the Apple crimp the style" and expressed disappointment in the game's "sluggish" interfacing with trackball controllers.
In 1996, "Next Generation" listed the arcade version as number 84 on their "Top 100 Games of All Time", praising the cool concept, trackball control, and that it is accessible enough that "any human on the planet can play it well enough to enjoy it" yet "hard enough that even excellent gamers find it challenging".
Legacy.
Sequels and remakes.
"Centipede" was followed by "Millipede" in 1982.
In 1992, Atari Games developed a prototype of an arcade game called "Arcade Classics" for their 20th anniversary, which includes "Missile Command 2" and "Super Centipede" with co-op 2-player mode.
A 3D fantasy role-playing game based on the original game was being developed by Dark Science for the Atari Jaguar CD under the working title "Centipede 2000". The source code of the project no longer exists and the only remaining proof of its existence is a short video clip from the developer.
In 1998, after acquiring the intellectual property of Atari from then-owner JT Storage, Hasbro Interactive released a new version of the game for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation, Dreamcast, and Mac OS. It is very different from the original: 3D graphics, free movement around the map, and a campaign which can be played in single-player or multiplayer mode.
In 2011, Atari, SA released "" for Nintendo 3DS and Wii.
In 2021, GameTaco released "Centipede: Cash Blast" for iOS.
Clones.
The "Centipede" concept was widely cloned, especially for home systems.
In other media.
In 1983, Milton Bradley released a board game based on the video game. The board game pits two players against each other in a race to be the first person to the opponent's home base with a centipede. Each player can utilize a blaster, as well as a scorpion and spider, to slow the opposing centipede's advance. A new board game based on "Centipede" was published by IDW Publishing in 2017.
In 1989, a deadpan narration describing the original game appeared on side 2 of Negativland's third cassette release, "The Weatherman" (SSTC902), which consisted of clips from the live "Over the Edge" radio show sometime between 1982 and 1984. The narrator may be Ed Logg.
American Indie Rock band The Strokes used promotional artwork for the game on their 2003 single, Reptilia.
"Centipede" appears in the film "Pixels".
In May 2016, Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films has closed a deal to partner with Atari to produce and finance both "Centipede" and "Missile Command" movie adaptations.
Competitive arena.
The game was chosen for the final round of the 1981 Atari World Championships run by Tournament Games International. The men's champion was Eric Ginner and the women's champion was Ok-Soo Han.
The world record score on the arcade version of "Centipede" was 16,389,547 points by Jim Schneider of the USA on August 1, 1984.
Donald Hayes of Windham, New Hampshire, USA, scored a world record 7,111,111 points under tournament rules on the arcade version of "Centipede" on November 5, 2000.