Around the same time, new cryogenic air separation processes based on work by Carl von Linde and others replaced the barium oxide process, paving the way for larger scale and more efficient production.
Around the same time, new cryogenic air separation processes had been devised independently in Britain, the United States and Germany. The Brin brothers negotiated an agreement to use the Linde patents, and replaced the barium oxide process, paving the way for larger scale and more efficient production.