He graduated in 1864 (M.D., 1868) from Harvard University, where, after studying in Vienna, Berlin, and Paris, he was instructor in pathological anatomy in 1870--1873, assistant professor in 1873--1878, and professor from 1878 to 1908.
He graduated in 1864 (M.D., 1868) from Harvard University. He was instructor in pathological anatomy in 1870--1873, assistant professor in 1873--1878, and professor from 1878 to 1908.