Inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) is a surface science technique used to study the unoccupied electronic structure of surfaates and decay to low-lying unocupied states, with a subset of these transitions being radiative.
Inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) is a surface science technique used to study the unoccupied electronic structure of surfaces, thin films and adsorbates. These electrons couple to high-lying unoccupied electronic states and decay to low-lying unocupied states, with a subset of these transitions being radiative.