The paper argues that the process of thought forming by itself does not result in a tulpa; they are created in a specific style of meditation that can only be loosely resembled in practice when not directly learned.
The paper argues that the process of thought forming, when being done in a rogue fashion, does not result in a tulpa or a yidam. Both are created in a specific style of meditation that can only be loosely resembled in practice when not directly learned.