A review of the existing body of experimental evidence on AA, carried out by Kownacki and Shadish concluded that coercion to AA yields worse outcomes than the outcomes of people who received other types of addiction treatment and those who received no treatment.
A review of the existing body of experimental evidence on AA, carried out by Kownacki and Shadish Kownacki RJ, Shadish WR. Substance Use and Misuse 1999; 34:1987-916 concluded that coercion to AA yields worse outcomes than the outcomes of people who received other types of addiction treatment and those who received no treatment.