Japan's defeat in the war created a large divide between individuals and generations.[1] In the novel, this clash of values is represented in the relationship between Masuji Ono and his grandson Ichiro.[2] Ono represents the traditional values of pre-war Japan, while Ichiro represents post-war Japan and the new generation.[2] Major changes explored include the changing attitudes towards the war, family hierarchy, geography of Japan and the increasing prevalence of Western culture.[1]