↑ «In Safavi times, Azerbaijan was applied to all the muslim-ruled khanates of the eastern Caucasian as well as to the area south of the Araz River as fas as the Qezel Uzan River, the latter region being approximately the same as the modern Iranian ostans of East and West Azerbaijan.» Muriel Atkin, Russia and Iran, 1780—1828. 2nd. ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press Press, 2008, ISBN 0-521-58336-5