WASHINGTON (UPI) — President
Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid I.
Brezhnev pledged today to avoid military
confrontations and threats of force that
might lead to nuclear war between their
two nations.

In a policy declaration, the leaders of the
two nuclear superpowers agreed to “‘im-
mediately enter into urgent consultations
with each other’’ should the risk of a
nuclear conflict arise.

Nixon and Brezhnev signed the
agreement —the eighth since the start of
their summit talks —in a ceremony in the
East Room of the White House a few hours
before their scheduled departure aboard
the presidential jetliner for San Clemente,
Calif., for the conclusion of their week-long
conference.

In the agreement, the two leaders
promised that the United States and the
Soviet Union ‘‘will act in such a manner as
to prevent the development of situations
capable of causing a dangerous exacer-
bation of their relations, as to avoid
military confrontations, and to exclude the
outbreak of nuclear war between them and
between either of the parties and other
countries.”

The accord also calls for the signatories
to proceed from the premise that each will
refrain ‘from the threat or use of force
against the other party, against the allies
of the other nartv and againct ather
 countries, in circumstances which may
endanger international peace and
security.”

In advance of the signing, Nixon briefed
congressional leaders of both parties on
the declaration, which is a statement of
policy —not a treaty — and therefore does
not require Senate ratification.

Presidential adviser Henry A. Kissinger
said the intent of the doctrine was ‘to
prevent the outbreak of nuclear war.”

Kissinger said steps toward the
agreement began at the end of the Moscow
summit meeting between Nixon and
Brezhnev in May, 1972. Kissinger said the
accord ‘“‘can be a significant landmark in
relations between the two great nuclear
powers.”

The accord, effective immediately, is of
unlimited duration and both parties said
nothing in it would affect or impair the
right of individual or collective self-
defense under the U.N. Charter or
separate treaty obligations, such as those
the United States has as a member of
NATO.

Kissinger said the declaration is a
“formal obligation’’ on the part of the
United States and the Soviet Union ‘‘to
practice restraint in diplomacy and to
build a peace that is permanent.”

Asked how the agreement might relate
to current American bombing in Cam-
bodia, Kissinger said only that such
military operations were in progress when
the agreement was negotiated.

But he conceded the use of force in such
circumstances could threaten ‘‘the letter
and spirit of this agreement.’’ Kissinger
said United States had consulted with
several allies before concluding the ac-
cord.

The signing of the agreement was the
major action of the morning for the two
leaders.

Raising their glasses in a red and gold
trimmed banquet room Thursday night,
Nixon and Brezhnev pledged a continued
effort to expand Soviet-American friend-
ship.
 ‘*_.. The Soviet Union’s line at improving
relations with the United States is not
some temporary phenomenon,’’ the stocky
Brezhnev said. ‘‘It is a firm and consistent
line reflecting the permanent principles of
Soviet foreign policy ... It is a line that
rests on the full support of our people.”

Nixon replied he hoped the third summit
meeting could be held next June. He in-
dicated he wished the meetings to become
annual affairs.

“These summit meetings have brought
us closer together, have brought greater
understanding of our differences and
greater determination to r e d uc e those
differences,’’ Nixon said.

The leaders of the world’s two super-
powers opened their summit meeting
Monday in Washington. They negotiated in
the tranquility of the presidential retreat
at Camp David, Md., Wednesday and
Thursday before returning to Washington.

Brezhnev wil! be a guest at Nixon’s
home in San Clemente, La Casa Pacifica,
from this evening until Sunday morning
when he flies back to Washington. He will
pre-tape a television address which will be
broadcast to the American people Sunday
evening.

Brezhnev leaves the United States
Monday for Paris.
 
WASHINGTON (AP) — The
United States and the Soviet
Union Thursday signed an
agreement of principles de-
signed to permanently limit
nuclear weapons by the end of
1974.

President Nixon and
Communist leader Leonid I.
Brezhnev signed for their
nations at the White House.
The agreement, the
outstanding accomplishment
of their summit talks, was
cemented at the President's
Camp David retreat in the
Maryland mountains.

The two nations agreed as a
matter of principle that efforts
by one or the other to obtain a
nuclear advantage would be
inconsislent with the goal of
strengthening peaceful rela-
tions.

The agreement is designed
to spur negotiators for both
countries at now-recessed
talks in Geneva. Significantly,
the arms limitation envisioned
by the end of next year would
include not only numbers but
the quality of the missiles
themselves.

Nixon and Brezhnev also
agreed that limitation on
strategic offensive arms must
be subject to “adequate veri-
fication.” Both nations would
be permitted to modernize and
replace weapons only under
conditions to be agreed upon
at Geneva.

Al the same time, Nixon and
Brezhnev signed a 10-year
pact to expand cooperation
belween lhe two countries on
peaceful uses of atomic
energy. It succeeds a series of
two-year agreements.

The major points of the
compact include: (1) con-
trolling thermonuclear fusion;
(2) research on ‘‘fast
breeder’? reactors which
create more fuel than they
consume; (3) research on the
fundamental properties of
physical matter.

A similar arms under-
standing between Nixon and
Brezhney in 197] produced,
when Nixon went to Moscow to
see Brezhnev last spring, an
initial but limited nuclear
weapons agreement.

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, the
President's national security
adviser, told newsmen that
 Nixon and Brezhnev are
convinced an expanded
agreement by the end of 1974
would be ‘‘a major con-
tribution in reducing the
danger of an outbreak of
nuclear war.”

He said they were agreeing
now to seven basic principles
out of “sense of urgency.”

.. The current SALT talks in
Geneva have kecome static
and are recessed. The new
understanding is designed to
provide ari impetits fot
positive negotiations.
Knowledgeable observers
estimate the second pact
would be ready by the end of
1974. :
 