article_snippet: Contrary to modern Western democratic theory that emphasizes citizens' participation in governance, Lee Kuan Yew views were closer to Plato's conception of the "guardians," or China's historical Mandarins.
article_snippet: Lee Kuan Yew was disappointed by many of Lee Kuan Yew counterparts who failed that test.
article_snippet: Few things offended Lee Kuan Yew more than denial of equality of opportunity on the basis of caste (India), class (Europe), race (the U.S. during segregation), sex, or other irrelevant attributes.
article_snippet: Fourth, about democracy, particularly Western liberal democracy, Lee Kuan Yew had serious reservations.
article_snippet: In part, this attitude stemmed from Lee Kuan Yew own experience, but this attitude also reflected a deeper philosophical aversion to ideologies.
article_snippet: In contrast, Lee Kuan Yew argued that what most countries needed was more "discipline," rather than democracy.