article_snippet: In most cases, T+L was 2013 data.
article_snippet: The Louvre housed generations of French kings and emperors beginning in the 12th century, and the remnants of the original fortress that occupied the site (built for King Philippe II in 1190) can be seen in the basement of the Palace Museum.
article_snippet: This medieval fortress on the north bank of the River Thames was built to intimidate Londoners and keep out foreign invaders.
article_snippet: The oldest part of the structure, the White Tower, dates back to the 12th century.