article_snippet.sent: As the carnage at Gallipoli brought home the realities of war, recruitment fell and peace activism became more widespread.
article_snippet.sent: With enlistments falling away in 1916, Prime Minister Billy Hughes pushed for conscription and pushed through the Unlawful Associations Act.
article_snippet.sent: The conscription referendums of October 28, 1916, and December 20, 1917, became a massive rallying point for people who opposed the war — or the federal government's domestic policies.
article_snippet.sent: Both conscription referendums ultimately failed.