brain natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) is principally synthesized and released by ventricular myocytes in response to myocardial wall stress.[13 ] bnp is then cleaved into n - terminal pro bnp ( nt - pro bnp ) . both bnp and nt - pro - bnp are detectable in the blood by several commercially available assays and have been found to have prognostic and diagnostic values in systolic and diastolic heart failure , acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary artery disease.[48 ] the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week endurance and resistance exercise training on nt - pro bnp release . we also investigated the effect of androgenic anabolic steroid abuse on nt - pro bnp release . study population was categorized into 4 groups : group-1 ( n = 6 ) consisted of randomly - selected sedentary individuals who volunteered to complete 8-weeks of endurance exercise ; group-2 ( n = 6 ) consisted of randomly - selected sedentary individuals who volunteered to complete 8-weeks of resistance exercise ; group-3 ( n = 5 ) consisted of bodybuilders who denied any current or previous use of anabolic androgenic steroids ; group-4 ( n = 5 ) consisted of bodybuilders who were regularly using anabolic androgenic steroids for at least one month prior to the start of the study . the subjects of the research were all free of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease , alcohol use , and diabetes mellitus ; and , were not taking any kind of medications and did not present with any abnormal electrocardiographic patterns . three blood samples ( for nt - pro bnp ) were taken before , immediately after 35 minute exercise and after 8 weeks of exercise training . the following exercise plan was designed : 1-warm up ( 5 minutes of light treadmill walking at a power of 15 watt ) ; 2-high impact treadmill run ( exercise rate subsequently increased by 10 w / min , total time = 20 minutes ) ; 3-cool down ( 10 minutes ) . nt - pro bnp was checked before and immediately after 35 minutes of exercise . after becoming familiar with the testing equipment , regular aerobic exercise three times a week for 45 minutes was performed by the subjects , and the nt - pro bnp levels were checked after 8 weeks of exercise . this consisted of two sessions , one using resistance machines ( 15 minutes ) and the other isometric exercises and dumbbells ( 20 minutes ) . nt - pro bnp was checked before and immediately after 35 minutes of exercise . after becoming familiar with the testing equipment , resistance exercise three times a week for 30 minutes was performed by the subjects , and the nt - pro bnp levels were checked after 8 weeks of resistance exercise . comparisons within groups were made using paired t - test and one - way analysis of variance ( anova ) . study population was categorized into 4 groups : group-1 ( n = 6 ) consisted of randomly - selected sedentary individuals who volunteered to complete 8-weeks of endurance exercise ; group-2 ( n = 6 ) consisted of randomly - selected sedentary individuals who volunteered to complete 8-weeks of resistance exercise ; group-3 ( n = 5 ) consisted of bodybuilders who denied any current or previous use of anabolic androgenic steroids ; group-4 ( n = 5 ) consisted of bodybuilders who were regularly using anabolic androgenic steroids for at least one month prior to the start of the study . the subjects of the research were all free of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease , alcohol use , and diabetes mellitus ; and , were not taking any kind of medications and did not present with any abnormal electrocardiographic patterns . three blood samples ( for nt - pro bnp ) were taken before , immediately after 35 minute exercise and after 8 weeks of exercise training . the following exercise plan was designed : 1-warm up ( 5 minutes of light treadmill walking at a power of 15 watt ) ; 2-high impact treadmill run ( exercise rate subsequently increased by 10 w / min , total time = 20 minutes ) ; 3-cool down ( 10 minutes ) . nt - pro bnp was checked before and immediately after 35 minutes of exercise . after becoming familiar with the testing equipment , regular aerobic exercise three times a week for 45 minutes was performed by the subjects , and the nt - pro bnp levels were checked after 8 weeks of exercise . this consisted of two sessions , one using resistance machines ( 15 minutes ) and the other isometric exercises and dumbbells ( 20 minutes ) . nt - pro bnp was checked before and immediately after 35 minutes of exercise . after becoming familiar with the testing equipment , resistance exercise three times a week for 30 minutes was performed by the subjects , and the nt - pro bnp levels were checked after 8 weeks of resistance exercise . comparisons within groups were made using paired t - test and one - way analysis of variance ( anova ) . baseline characteristics of the study population nt - pro bnp was significantly increased immediately after endurance exercise ( from 37.9  1.4 pg / ml to 52.1 1.5 pg / ml ; p = 0.002 ) and was decreased to 23.2  3.4 pg / ml after 8 weeks of endurance exercise ( p = 0.013 ) . on the other hand , nt - pro bnp showed no significant changes immediately after resistance exercise ( from 26.6  4.9 pg / ml to 24.1 4.5 pg / ml ; p=0.553 ) . further , nt - pro bnp was significantly increased to 39.5 1.6 pg / ml after 8 weeks of resistance exercise ( p = 0.012 ) [ figure 1 ] . one - way anova analysis showed that resistance exercise had a greater effect on nt - pro bnp release compared to the endurance exercise after 8 weeks of training ( p = 0.011 ) . effects of different exercise training on n - terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide ( nt - pro bnp ) . nt - pro bnp was significantly increased immediately after endurance exercise [ from 37.9  1.4 pg / ml to 52.1 1.5 pg / ml ; p=0.002 ] and was decreased to 23.2  3.4 pg / ml after 8 weeks of endurance exercise [ p = 0.013 ] . on the other hand , nt - pro bnp showed no significant changes immediately after resistance exercise [ from 26.6  4.9 pg / ml to 24.1 4.5 pg / ml ; p = 0.553 ] . in contrast , nt - pro bnp was significantly increased to 39.5 1.6 pg / ml after 8 weeks of resistance exercise [ p = 0.012 ] bodybuilders regularly using androgenic anabolic steroids had significantly lower basal nt - pro bnp levels compared with bodybuilders who did not use anabolic androgenic steroids ( 8.6  1.1pg / ml vs.32.7  2.7pg / ml ; p < 0.001 ) . nt - pro bnp showed no significant change immediately after resistance exercise in both groups of bodybuilders ( anabolic steroid users and those without using of anabolic steroid , p = 0.42 ) . nt - pro bnp was significantly increased immediately after endurance exercise ( from 37.9  1.4 pg / ml to 52.1 1.5 pg / ml ; p = 0.002 ) and was decreased to 23.2  3.4 pg / ml after 8 weeks of endurance exercise ( p = 0.013 ) . on the other hand , nt - pro bnp showed no significant changes immediately after resistance exercise ( from 26.6  4.9 pg / ml to 24.1 4.5 pg / ml ; p=0.553 ) . further , nt - pro bnp was significantly increased to 39.5 1.6 pg / ml after 8 weeks of resistance exercise ( p = 0.012 ) [ figure 1 ] . one - way anova analysis showed that resistance exercise had a greater effect on nt - pro bnp release compared to the endurance exercise after 8 weeks of training ( p = 0.011 ) . effects of different exercise training on n - terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide ( nt - pro bnp ) . nt - pro bnp was significantly increased immediately after endurance exercise [ from 37.9  1.4 pg / ml to 52.1 1.5 pg / ml ; p=0.002 ] and was decreased to 23.2  3.4 pg / ml after 8 weeks of endurance exercise [ p = 0.013 ] . on the other hand , nt - pro bnp showed no significant changes immediately after resistance exercise [ from 26.6  4.9 pg / ml to 24.1 4.5 pg / ml ; p = 0.553 ] . in contrast , nt - pro bnp was significantly increased to 39.5 1.6 pg / ml after 8 weeks of resistance exercise [ p = 0.012 ] bodybuilders regularly using androgenic anabolic steroids had significantly lower basal nt - pro bnp levels compared with bodybuilders who did not use anabolic androgenic steroids ( 8.6  1.1pg / ml vs.32.7  2.7pg / ml ; p < 0.001 ) . nt - pro bnp showed no significant change immediately after resistance exercise in both groups of bodybuilders ( anabolic steroid users and those without using of anabolic steroid , p = 0.42 ) . nt - pro bnp provides strong and independent prognostic information in patients with heart failure , stable coronary artery disease , acute coronary syndromes , and valvular heart disease ; and , is a predictor of cardiac mortality.[48 ] in the present study , effects of two types of strength and endurance training on nt - pro bnp levels were studied . our data was similar to the results of other researchers who showed significant increases in plasma levels of nt - pro bnp after activities like marathon running , cycling and endurance triathlon . showed that both cardiac troponin - t and nt - pro bnp levels were significantly elevated after exercise , indicative of an increase in either left ventricular wall stress or left ventricular end - diastolic pressure . leers et al . proposed that post - exercise transient increases in nt - pro bnp and troponin - t may reflect myocardial stunning . in the present research , we reported that nt - pro bnp was decreased significantly after 8 weeks of endurance exercise . previous reports strongly suggested that this reduction in circulating nt - pro bnp concentration is likely a marker of reduced ventricular wall tension and improved myocardial function . with respect to the fact that the functional status of the myocardium contributes to the physical capacity of an individual and the quality of life , reduced nt - pro bnp after 8 weeks of endurance exercise should signal a valid benefit of exercise training . in the present study we found that nt - pro bnp showed no significant change after 35 minutes of strength exercise ; however , significant increase in nt - pro bnp was found after 8 weeks of strength exercise , which may be a marker of strength exercise - induced subtle myocytes injury . we also investigated the effect of androgenic anabolic steroid abuse on nt - pro bnp release . bodybuilders regularly using androgenic anabolic steroids had significantly lower basal nt - pro bnp levels compared with bodybuilders not using anabolic androgenic steroids . this finding may be due to higher body mass index ( bmi ) of bodybuilders using anabolic androgenic steroids . in the framingham study , nt - pro bnp levels were lower in subjects with higher bmi . decreased release of natriuretic peptides from the heart or increased clearance may be responsible for the association between higher bmi and lower natriuretic peptide levels . nt - pro bnp provides strong and independent prognostic information in patients with heart failure , stable coronary artery disease , acute coronary syndromes , and valvular heart disease ; and , is a predictor of cardiac mortality.[48 ] in the present study , effects of two types of strength and endurance training on nt - pro bnp levels were studied . our data was similar to the results of other researchers who showed significant increases in plasma levels of nt - pro bnp after activities like marathon running , cycling and endurance triathlon . showed that both cardiac troponin - t and nt - pro bnp levels were significantly elevated after exercise , indicative of an increase in either left ventricular wall stress or left ventricular end - diastolic pressure . proposed that post - exercise transient increases in nt - pro bnp and troponin - t may reflect myocardial stunning . in the present research , we reported that nt - pro bnp was decreased significantly after 8 weeks of endurance exercise . previous reports strongly suggested that this reduction in circulating nt - pro bnp concentration is likely a marker of reduced ventricular wall tension and improved myocardial function . with respect to the fact that the functional status of the myocardium contributes to the physical capacity of an individual and the quality of life , reduced nt - pro bnp after 8 weeks of endurance exercise should signal a valid benefit of exercise training . in the present study we found that nt - pro bnp showed no significant change after 35 minutes of strength exercise ; however , significant increase in nt - pro bnp was found after 8 weeks of strength exercise , which may be a marker of strength exercise - induced subtle myocytes injury . we also investigated the effect of androgenic anabolic steroid abuse on nt - pro bnp release . bodybuilders regularly using androgenic anabolic steroids had significantly lower basal nt - pro bnp levels compared with bodybuilders not using anabolic androgenic steroids . this finding may be due to higher body mass index ( bmi ) of bodybuilders using anabolic androgenic steroids . in the framingham study , nt - pro bnp levels were lower in subjects with higher bmi . decreased release of natriuretic peptides from the heart or increased clearance may be responsible for the association between higher bmi and lower natriuretic peptide levels . endurance exercise training reduces circulating nt - pro bnp concentration which is likely a marker of reduced ventricular wall tension and improved myocardial function . in contrast , strength exercise induces significant increase in nt - pro bnp which could be partially attributed to myocardial damage .
objectives : the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week endurance and resistance exercise training on release of brain natriuretic peptide.materials and methods : study population was categorized into 4 groups : group-1 ( n = 6 ) consisted of sedentary individuals who volunteered to complete 8-weeks of endurance exercise ; group-2 ( n=6 ) consisted of sedentary individuals who volunteered to complete 8-weaks of resistance exercise . 
 three blood samples [ for terminal pro bnp ( nt - pro - bnp ) ] were taken before , immediately after exercise and after 8 weeks of exercise training.results:nt-pro bnp was significantly increased immediately after endurance exercise [ from 37.9  1.4 pg / ml to 52.1 1.5 pg / ml ; p = 0.002 ] and was decreased to 23.2  9.3 pg / ml after 8 weeks of endurance exercise [ p = 0.013 ] . on the other hand , nt - pro bnp showed no significant changes immediately after resistance exercise [ from 26.6  4.9 pg / ml to 24.1 4.5 pg / ml ; p = 0.553 ] . 
 in contrast , nt - pro bnp was significantly increased to 39.5 1.6 pg / ml after 8 weeks of resistance exercise [ p = 0.012].conclusion : endurance exercise training reduces circulating nt - pro bnp concentration , which is likely a marker of reduced ventricular wall tension and improved myocardial function . 
 in contrast , strength exercise induces significant increase in nt - pro bnp , which could be partially attributed to myocardial damage .