on a global scale , both endosulfan [ ( 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a - hexahydro-6,9methano-2,3,4-benzo(e)di - oxathiepin-3-oxide ] and alachlor [ ( 2-chloro-2,6-diethylphenyl - n ( methoxymethyl)acetanilide ) ] , are two widely used pesticides that are used to enhance agriculture productivity . in fact , worlwide estimates shown that about three million metric tons of pesticides are applied each year . environmental risk assessment studies have demonstrated that exposure to endosulfan could result in both acute and chronic risks in non - target animals , mainly birds , fish and mammals . according to the world health organization ( who ) estimates , three million people are poisoned by pesticides every year . once released into the environmental , pesticides can be microbially degraded given that favorable conditions are present that facilitate biodegradation . we previously isolated bacteria with the ability to degrade both endosulfan and alachlor using standard enrichment techniques containing these pesticides as the sole source of carbon and energy . this resulted in the isolation of several potent pesticide degrading strains among which , pseudomonas sp . strain w15feb9b emerged as a potent biodegradative strain ; it degraded 55% and 93% of the spiked alachlor and endosulfan , respectively . pseudomonads are widely - distributed bacteria colonizing soils , water and even serving as the significant constituents of animal or plant host microbiome by playing important roles . additionally , pseudomonads are extremely important for their abilities in the biodegradation and biotransformation of biogenic and xenobiotic pollutants and thus possess immense potential for a variety of biotechnological applications . here we report analysis of the draft genome sequence of strain w15feb9b to further catalog the plethora of relevant traits that this strain might possess . briefly , genomic dna was extracted from strain w15feb9b and prepared for sequencing on an illumina hiseq2000 instrument as described previously . the genome was de novo assembled using paired - end reads using the software package clc genomics workbench v6.0 ( clcbio , cambridge , ma ) . contigs were then annotated and genes predicted by img er , rast   and the prokaryotic genomes automatic annotation pipeline ( pgaap ) , version 2.0 , available from ncbi . as shown in fig . 1 , using cgview , a circular genomic map was obtained from the assembled 192 contigs of strain w15feb9b exhibiting a genome size of 6,031,588 ( g  +  c content 60.34 and n50 of 156,427 bases ) and 5512 total number of putative genes , 2 copies of the 16s , 2 copies of the 23s , and 52 trrna genes , respectively . a genome - wide analysis of strain w15feb9b revealed approximately 79.86% protein coding genes associating with function prediction , 29.3% genes were found connected to kegg pathways and 72.48% genes associated with clusters of orthologous groups of proteins ( cogs ) . we then selected the genome sequences of a total of 1210 pseudomonads that are available in the img / er to run comparative analysis of strain w15feb9b , which revealed that it clustered closely with the pseudomonas fluorescence group ( data not shown ) . we then selected a cohort of closely related pseudomonads , especially those with biodegradative traits , and performed a hierarchical clustering analysis based on the presence of categories of genes and genomes from kegg ( kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes ) . 2 , this revealed that strain w15feb9b was closely related to pseudomonas antarctica bs2772 and pseudomonas fluorescence atcc13525 . other related groups to strain w15feb9b belonged to the well - known biodegradative strains from the pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida clades , respectively . 3 shows a plethora of functional traits identified in strain w15feb9b connected with kegg pathways . of major note are a total of 186 genes identified for energy metabolism , ( 5.83% of its total genome ) along with 68 genes for xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism ( 2.13% of its total genome ) . other examples of biodegradative genes found in strain w15feb9b include those involved in the pathways for the degradation of toluene , xylene and pahs , chloroalkane , chloroalkene and nitrotoluene , respectively . additionally , a total of 3995 protein coding genes associated with cogs in strain w15feb9b were found with further classification into 24 categories . the following 5 most abundant cog subsystems in strain w15feb9b were related to : amino acid transport and metabolism ( n  =  487 ) ; general function prediction only ( n  =  411 ) ; transcription ( n  =  393 ) ; signal transduction mechanisms ( n  =  304 ) ; cell wall / membrane / envelope biogenesis ( n  =  279 ) . the strain also contains 22 biosynthetic gene clusters containing 373 genes ; a total of 6.77% of the total genome size of strain w15feb9b . furthermore , recent body of data originating from whole genome sequencing studies has demonstrated that bacterial genomes consist of a core set of genes that encode for essential metabolic functions , along with a plethora of acquired genes from the bacterium 's natural environment by horizontal gene transfer ( hgt ) mechanisms , providing the host with evolutionary adaptive traits and genome plasticity . many such hgt - acquired accessory genes occur as orthologous blocks referred to as genomic islands ( geis ) . geis have been mainly attributed to render virulence or antibiotic resistance to the host bacteria , but genome sequencing studies have also identified other adaptive functional traits brought about by geis to the host bacterium . as a result , geis are now broadly classified into 4 categories based on their associated functions - pathogenicity islands ( pais ) , harboring virulence genes ; metabolic islands ( mis ) , genes for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites ; resistance islands ( ris ) , resistance genes , for example , against antibiotics ; and symbiotic islands ( sis ) , that facilitate symbiotic associations of the host with other micro- and macroorganisms . we used island viewer to identify genomic islands ( geis ) ( http://www.pathogenomics.sfu.ca/islandviewer/ )   in strain w15feb9b . island viewer predicts geis integrating two widely used sequence composition based gei prediction methods - sigi - hmm and islandpath - dimob along with a comparative gei prediction method - islandpick . specifically , sigi - hmm is a sequence composition based gei prediction method which uses hidden markov model ( hmm ) and measures codon usage to identify possible geis and islandpath - dimob visualizes several common characteristics of geis that include abnormal sequence composition or the presence of genes known to correspond to mobile genomic elements . interestingly , a total of 44 genomic islands were identified from within the genome of pseudomonas sp . strain w15feb9b when aligned against the complete genome sequence of pseudomonas fluorescens a506 as the reference ( fig . 4 ) . when gei - encoded gene homologues were studied by blast , several of them closely affiliated with genes previously shown active in catabolic processes , providing a strong evidence that the geis were horizontally acquired by strain w15feb9b from other biodegradative bacteria to facilitate survival in its native environment . strain w15feb9b obtained in this study is available in genbank under the accession number of jtkf00000000 .
we recently isolated a pseudomonas sp . 
 strain w15feb9b from ochlockonee river , florida and demonstrated potent biodegradative activity against two commonly used pesticides - alachlor [ ( 2-chloro-2,6-diethylphenyl - n ( methoxymethyl)acetanilide ) ] and endosulfan [ ( 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a - hexahydro-6,9methano-2,3,4-benzo(e)di - oxathiepin-3-oxide ] , respectively . to further identify the repertoire of metabolic functions possessed by strain w15feb9b , 
 a draft genome sequence was obtained , assembled , annotated and analyzed . 
 the genome sequence of strain 2385 has been deposited in genbank under accession number jtkf00000000 ; biosample number samn03151543 . 
 the sequences obtained from strain 2385 assembled into 192 contigs with a genome size of 6,031,588 , g  +  c content of 60.34 , and 5512 total number of putative genes . 
 rast annotated a total of 542 subsystems in the genome of strain w15feb9b along with the presence of 5360 coding sequences . 
 a genome wide survey of strain w15feb9b indicated that it has the potential to degrade several other pollutants including atrazine , caprolactam , dioxin , pahs ( such as naphthalene ) and several chloroaromatic compounds .