gastric cancer is a common cancer type . in the world , this cancer type has the second highest incidence among males and third highest among females . in korea , the incidence rate of gastric cancer was second highest , and the mortality rate of gastric cancer was third highest among all cancer types in a 2010 korean cancer statistics study . the incidence rate of gastric cancer differs between patient age , location , and even sex , because gastric cancer has various subtypes [ 3 , 4 ] and a lot of risk factors . the incidence risk factors have differences in gastric cancer or peptic ulcers by blood type   and sex . so , an analysis is needed to find known and unknown risk factors in diverse phenotypes . many risk factors are related with gastritis , as already reported . however , even though gender is known to be associated with gastritis infraction , there is not much information about the effects on gastritis depending on gender . so , we examined korean risk factors of gastritis and gastric ulcer using genotypes and clinical characteristics of patients who were diagnosed with gastritis or gastric ulcer in each gender . for revealing the correlation with gastritis and known and unknown risk factors , we analyzed single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) and epidemiological data of the korea association resource ( kare ) project , which comprised the results of the anseong and ansan cohorts study . this study analyzed cohort data that comprised the anseong and ansan population study in the kare projects . citizen of these two cities have different lifestyles , and they are exposed to different environment . among 8,842 total individuals , we divided patients and normal subjects for a control and case study using a positive diagnosis experience of gastritis . first , for selecting the case , we eliminated 104 patients who were diagnosed under age 20 or had unknown age . of 6,957 normal subjects , no one was aged under 20 ; 3,335 were men , and 3,622 were women . among 352,228 snps , we excluded 3,044 snps based on the hardy - weinberg equilibrium test for quality control . we also eliminated gastritis phenotype variables and unknown drug information variables ; 101 clinical characteristics remained . for data filtering and finding significant snps , we used plink version 1.07 , that is a tool made for analyzing whole - genome association using computational methods . we used the default options of plink , and we analyzed phenotypes by logistic regression test for classifying patients and normal subjects and estimating factors . we also assessed the result factors of the logistic regression by student 's t - test for revealing meaningful differences between patients and normal subjects using r version 3.0.2 for finding gastritis - associated factors . then , we used the receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curve and area under the curve ( auc ) scores to confirm the prediction ability of the factors . this study analyzed cohort data that comprised the anseong and ansan population study in the kare projects . citizen of these two cities have different lifestyles , and they are exposed to different environment . among 8,842 total individuals , we divided patients and normal subjects for a control and case study using a positive diagnosis experience of gastritis . first , for selecting the case , we eliminated 104 patients who were diagnosed under age 20 or had unknown age . of 6,957 normal subjects , no one was aged under 20 ; 3,335 were men , and 3,622 were women . among 352,228 snps , we excluded 3,044 snps based on the hardy - weinberg equilibrium test for quality control . we also eliminated gastritis phenotype variables and unknown drug information variables ; 101 clinical characteristics remained . for data filtering and finding significant snps , we used plink version 1.07 , that is a tool made for analyzing whole - genome association using computational methods . we used the default options of plink , and we analyzed phenotypes by logistic regression test for classifying patients and normal subjects and estimating factors . we also assessed the result factors of the logistic regression by student 's t - test for revealing meaningful differences between patients and normal subjects using r version 3.0.2 for finding gastritis - associated factors . then , we used the receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curve and area under the curve ( auc ) scores to confirm the prediction ability of the factors . tables 1 and 2 explain the results of the logistic regression test among total clinical characteristics in each gender . among 1,781 total patients , 977 patients and 804 patients were male and female , respectively . patients had several disease - association factors in both genders : area , positive diagnosis of hyperlipidemia , positive diagnosis of mental disease , continual use of one or more drugs , waist , and height . through previous studies , how these factors are related with gastritis was verified . the incidence of gastritis is affected by population , geographic variation , or lifestyle [ 1 , 5 ] . in this study , we used cohort data that comprised country and city populations . as shown tables 1 and 2 , in both genders , the population of local a had a higher gastritis incidence rate . a study reported that gastritis is closely connected with mental illness   and differs in degree according to drug use - taking medicine affects the stomach . losing appetite is the one of phenotypes of gastritis that are connected with waist size or hip size as gastritisassociated factors . as shown in tables 1 and 2 , we can explain the associative relation that waist size or hip size is smaller despite patients being taller than normal . also , height is considered to be a gastritis risk factor . as shown in a previous study , higher height tends to increase the gastric cancer incidence rate . in males and females , hyperlipidemia and gastritis coronary artery has the potential to grow into myocardial infarction , and myocardial infarction is related with blood pressure . as previously reported , approximately 30% of patients with coronary heart disease suffer from hyperlipidemia at the same time . so , hyperlipidemia , coronary artery , and myocardial infarction are all related to each other . as shown in table 1 , in males , by logistic regression , there is a relation with hyperlipidemia , coronary artery , myocardial infarction , hyperlipidemia therapy , hypotensive or antihypotensive drug use , and diastolic blood pressure . in fact , in this study , including males and females , 16 patients had gastritis and myocardial infarction ( 20% ) , 77 patients had gastritis and hyperlipidemia ( 36% ) , and 13 patients had gastritis and coronary artery ( 25.5% ) . female patients with gastritis have 4 more gastritis - associated factors by logistic regression test compared with males . in the case of taking osteoporosis medicine , taking anticonvulsants is a meaningful factor by logistic regression test , but few patients were taking this medicine ; so , it is hard to prove that taking anticonvulsants has a positive relation with gastritis . patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis and patients who have taken tuberculosis drugs suffer gastritis more than normal subjects . roc curves can show how gastritis - associated factors of tables 1 and 2 affect gastritis patients and normal subjects . . 1 and 2 are roc curves using the result of the logistic regression test of tables 1 and 2 , respectively . we selected the top 20 ranked snps by association test using chi - square test and p - values among 349,184 snps in males and in females , respectively . the results of snps association analysis described in tables 3 and 4 . tables 3 and 4 are top 20 ranked snps of genomewide association analysis in males and females , respectively . this means that associated - snps are different , depending on the patient 's gender . table 5 describes the important snps associated with gastritis by logistic regression analysis among the top 20 ranked snps . 3 and 4 show the roc curve by using these snps in males and in females , respectively . tables 1 and 2 explain the results of the logistic regression test among total clinical characteristics in each gender . among 1,781 total patients , 977 patients and 804 patients were male and female , respectively . patients had several disease - association factors in both genders : area , positive diagnosis of hyperlipidemia , positive diagnosis of mental disease , continual use of one or more drugs , waist , and height . through previous studies , how these factors are related with gastritis was verified . the incidence of gastritis is affected by population , geographic variation , or lifestyle [ 1 , 5 ] . in this study , we used cohort data that comprised country and city populations . as shown tables 1 and 2 , in both genders , the population of local a had a higher gastritis incidence rate . a study reported that gastritis is closely connected with mental illness   and differs in degree according to drug use - taking medicine affects the stomach . losing appetite is the one of phenotypes of gastritis that are connected with waist size or hip size as gastritisassociated factors . as shown in tables 1 and 2 , we can explain the associative relation that waist size or hip size is smaller despite patients being taller than normal . also , height is considered to be a gastritis risk factor . as shown in a previous study , higher height tends to increase the gastric cancer incidence rate . in males and females , hyperlipidemia and gastritis coronary artery has the potential to grow into myocardial infarction , and myocardial infarction is related with blood pressure . as previously reported , approximately 30% of patients with coronary heart disease suffer from hyperlipidemia at the same time . so , hyperlipidemia , coronary artery , and myocardial infarction are all related to each other . as shown in table 1 , in males , by logistic regression , there is a relation with hyperlipidemia , coronary artery , myocardial infarction , hyperlipidemia therapy , hypotensive or antihypotensive drug use , and diastolic blood pressure . in fact , in this study , including males and females , 16 patients had gastritis and myocardial infarction ( 20% ) , 77 patients had gastritis and hyperlipidemia ( 36% ) , and 13 patients had gastritis and coronary artery ( 25.5% ) . female patients with gastritis have 4 more gastritis - associated factors by logistic regression test compared with males . in the case of taking osteoporosis medicine , taking anticonvulsants is a meaningful factor by logistic regression test , but few patients were taking this medicine ; so , it is hard to prove that taking anticonvulsants has a positive relation with gastritis . patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis and patients who have taken tuberculosis drugs suffer gastritis more than normal subjects . roc curves can show how gastritis - associated factors of tables 1 and 2 affect gastritis patients and normal subjects . . 1 and 2 are roc curves using the result of the logistic regression test of tables 1 and 2 , respectively . we selected the top 20 ranked snps by association test using chi - square test and p - values among 349,184 snps in males and in females , respectively . tables 3 and 4 are top 20 ranked snps of genomewide association analysis in males and females , respectively . they are sorted by p - value . this means that associated - snps are different , depending on the patient 's gender . table 5 describes the important snps associated with gastritis by logistic regression analysis among the top 20 ranked snps . 3 and 4 show the roc curve by using these snps in males and in females , respectively . in this study , we confirmed that vascular disease and gastritis have considerable association in korean males . so , more information is also needed to analyze the complex factors associated with disease rather than each factor associated with the disease . for example , confirmation of h. pylori infection , tobacco , smoking period , and alcohol intake are considered .
gastritis is a major disease that has the potential to grow as gastric cancer . 
 gastric cancer is a very common cancer , and it is related to a very high mortality rate in korea . 
 this disease is known to have various reasons , including infection with helicobacter pylori , dietary habits , tobacco , and alcohol . 
 the incidence rate of gastritis has reported to differ between age , population , and gender . however , unlike other factors , there has been no analysis based on gender . 
 so , we examined the high risk factors of gastritis in each gender in the korean population by focusing on sex . 
 we performed an analysis of 120 clinical characteristics and genome - wide association studies ( gwas ) using 349,184 single - nucleotide polymorphisms from the results of anseong and ansan cohort study in the korea association resource ( kare ) project . 
 as the result , we could not prove a strong relation with these factors and gastritis or gastric ulcer in the gwas . 
 however , we confirmed several already - known risk factors and also found some differences of clinical characteristics in each gender using logistic regression . as a result of the logistic regression , a relation with hyperlipidemia , coronary artery disease , myocardial infarction , hyperlipidemia therapy , hypotensive or antihypotensive drug , 
 diastolic blood pressure , and gastritis was seen in males ; the results of this study suggest that vascular disease has a potential association with gastritis in males .