in the course of updating the scientific names of plant - associated fungi in the systematic mycology & microbiology laboratory fungal databases ( smml ) to conform with one scientific name for fungi as required by the international code of nomenclature for algae , fungi and plants ( icn ; mcneill et al . 2012 ) , a number of instances were encountered in which the oldest epithet was not placed in the oldest or preferred genus or for other reasons a name change is required . in the case of species in which the scientific name should be changed but is widely used and applies to economically important plant pathogenic fungi , the name is placed on a list of species names to be protected . this list of proposed protected species names will be evaluated and accepted or declined by the nomenclature committee for fungi ( ncf ) and put to the 2017 international botanical congress for approval . examples of names proposed for protection are : balansia claviceps , helicobasidium purpureum , lasiodiplodia theobromae , phanerochaeta chrysosporium , and venturia inaequalis . a number of lesser known plant - associated fungal names exist for which a new combination is needed and these are made here . both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are included , but no members of the erysiphales , eurotiales , saccharomycetales or uredinales ; these groups have been or will be considered elsewhere . in making these new combinations , the basionym and commonly used synonyms are listed but more synonyms may exist as provided in the smml fungal databases ( url : http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/index.cfm ) . here is provided as well as the rationale for selection of the genus in which the name is placed . in this paper a name was described in a genus but that genus does not have priority or will not be used , thus the name must be placed in the genus to be used . as an example most species originally described in the asexually typified genus sphaceloma belong in the sexually typified genus elsino because sphaceloma is now considered a synonym of elsino ( wijayawardene et al . the sexual and asexual names for a species are synonyms and the oldest epithet is not in the correct genus . this is the situation for bifusella ahmadii based on leptostroma admadii for which the younger name b. superba is a synonym . the third case is that in which the species are not congeneric with the genus in which they were originally placed . as an example venturia effusa , originally described in fusicladium , was determined to belong in the genus venturia but the combination has never been made . notes : when cannon & minter ( 1986 ) described bifusella superba from india , they listed leptostroma ahmadii as the asexual morph based on their examination of two isosyntype specimens . they also noted that this asexual morph was observed in the type collection of b. superba . minter ( 1988 ) suggested that this fungus causes a disease called needle blight of mountain pines known from india and pakistan . 1917 , typified by b. linearis ( peck ) hhn . 1917 , is an accepted genus in rhytismataceae known primarily from conifers ( hou et al . 1990 , based on hypoderma scirpinum dc . 1815 , with preference now given to the later generic name ( johnston et al . with the change to one name for fungi , the oldest epithet for the species , l. ahmadii , should be placed in bifusella . philadelphia 
 47 : 429 ( 1895 ) . synonyms : bifusella acuminata ( ellis & everh . ) bonar & w.b . 1897 , c. juncicola , is considered the asexual morph of duplicaria acuminata ( powell 1973 ) , a species that is known from both living and dead stems of primarily juncus ( juncaceae ) , also carex ( cyperaceae ) , in western north america ( farr & rossman 2015 , powell 1973 ) . through careful developmental studies , powell ( 1973 ) unraveled the relationship of the asexual and sexual morphs of this species , which occur on the same type specimen . fuckel 1870 on empetrum ( ericaceae ) , a species about which little is known . the asexual morph of d. empetri was placed in melasmia by powell ( 1973 ) , a genus quite unlike crandallia . based on the differences in host family and asexual morphs , it would appear that d. empetri is unrelated to c. acuminata , thus duplicaria and crandallia are not synonyms . johnston ( 2001 ) compared d. acuminata and d. antarctica , the two species of duplicaria on juncaceae , suggesting that they were congeneric . although d. acuminata was placed in bifusella by bonar & cooke ( 1942 ) , powell ( 1973 ) distinguished these three generic names and rejected bifusella for duplicaria acuminata . in addition species of bifusella including the type species occur only on conifers . rather the oldest epithet of each species , including the type species , are now placed in the genus crandallia . fung.1 : 9 ( 1837 ) . synonyms : helicosporium aureum ( corda ) linder , ann . mo . barr , mycotaxon 
 12 : 164 ( 1980 ) . ] notes : the genus acanthohelicospora boonmee & k.d . they showed that a. aurea and a. scopula were congeneric but distinct species in this genus , but did not formally make the new combinations . the other potential generic names such as acanthostigma , helicomyces , helicosporium , and tubeufia were each shown to be distinct from this genus based on the phylogenetic placement of their respective type species . the basionym for a. scopula had previously been considered to be sphaeria scopula cooke & peck 1880 ( rblov & barr 2000 ) but that name is a later homonym of s. scopula sowerby 1803 , thus the basionym for this species dates from the next available name , acanthostigma scopulum peck 1887 . both of these epithets are therefore now placed in acanthohelicospora . 3(11 ) : 129 ( 1887 ) . synonyms : sphaceloma necator ( ellis & everh . ) . notes : the generic names elsino and sphaceloma have been applied to the sexual and asexual morphs of the fungi causing scab diseases , which occur primarily in subtropical and tropical regions . in advancing to one scientific name for fungi 1900 , based on e. canavaliae racib . 1900 , for protection over the name used for asexual morphs , sphaceloma de bary 1874 based on s. ampelina de bary 1874 ( wijayawardene et al . 2014 , rossman et al . 2015 ) . although many names in sphaceloma need to be recognized in elsino , only the most economically important names of elsino are considered here . elsino arachidis causes a scab disease of peanut in south america that threatens the us peanut industry ( kokalis - burelle et al . ( as s. freyliniae ) was recently described causing a scab disease of freylinia ( crous & groenewald 2010 ) . elsino necator causes a cane spot or anthracnose of raspberry that occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions ( sivanesan & critchett 1974 ) . a scab disease of avocado is caused by e. perseae , which is widespread in subtropical and tropical regions including florida ( ploetz et al . 1994 ) . a scab disease on the fruit , leaves and petioles of pomegranate is caused by e. punicae , which occurs throughout its growing range ( farr & rossman 2015 ) . cercospora colocasiae ( hhn . ) chupp , monograph of cercospora : 58 ( 1954 ) . ( 2014 ) reviewed the phylogenetic placement and taxonomy of this species , they considered cercospora caladii var . colocasiae to be the oldest name for this taxon . because taxa only compete at the same rank ( mcneill et al . however , as that name is already used at species rank in passalora , the next oldest epithet is provided by mycosphaerella alocasiae . synonyms : fusicladium veronicae ( bat . ) b. sutton & pascoe , aust . syst . notes : the sexual morph of fusicladium veronicae was described as protoventuria parahebicola ( pascoe & sutton 1990 ) , a fungus causing brown leaf blight on parahebe ( sutton & pascoe 1988 ) . with the change to one name for fungi , the oldest epithet must be placed in the accepted genus unless conserved or protected . the genus protoventuria berl . & sacc . most recently this type species has been regarded as gibbera rosae ( de not . ) zhang et al . ( 2011 ) demonstrated that this species , together with p. alpina ( sacc . ) barr 1971 , formed a distinct lineage in dothideomycetes that should be regarded as protoventuria . the genus ramalia bat . 1957 , typified by r. veronicae , includes only one additional species and has not been widely used . fusicladium based on f. pomi is considered a synonym of venturia , a generic name that is proposed for protection ( wijayawardene et al . 2014 , rossman et al . 2015 ) and is not the correct genus for this species . frhandl . 
 29 ( 2 ) : 105 ( 1872 ) . synonyms : mycosphaerella ranunculi ( p. karst . notes : braun ( 1994 , 1995 ) described the asexual morph pseudocercosporella ranunculacearum associated with mycosphaerella ranunculi . mycosphaerella , typified by m. punctiformis , is now considered a synonym of ramularia based on r. pusilla ( crous et al . curtis , grevillea 
 3 : 17 ( 1874 ) . synonyms : piricauda stygia ( berk . & ( 2009a , b ) including p. clavisporum and its asexual morph , sporodesmium stygium , which provides an older epithet for this species . the genus sporidesmium , typified by s. atrum , is considered a synonym of s. ehrenbergii and has been shown to have species scattered throughout dothideomycetes and sordariomycetes ( shenoy et al . 2006 ) , but the type was not included in that study . given the polyphyletic nature of the genus , it would not compete for use with the well - defined psiloglonium . the genus piricauda , based on p. uleanum ( sacc . & p. syd . ) bubk 1914 , now regarded as p. paraguayensis ( speg . ) r.t . moore 1959 , occurs on the leaf hairs of a tropical tree quite unlike psiloglonium stygium , which occurs on dead bark ( mercado sierra et al . the oldest epithet , s. stygium , must be placed in psiloglonium and the new combination is made here . : mycosphaerella pseudomaculiformis ( desm . ) j. schrt . , in cohn , krypt .- fl . phacellium bulbigerum ( fuckel ) u. braun , nova hedwigia 
 50 : 509 ( 1990 ) . 1860 , based on p. inhonestum bonord . 1860 and now p. alborosellum ( desm . ) the genus phacellium is now considered a synonym of ramularia based on r. pusilla ( crous et al . in addition , mycosphaerella typified by m. punctiformis is also considered a synonym of ramularia ( videira et al . this morph provides the oldest epithet for the species , which is here placed in ramularia . basionym : fusicladium effusum g. winter , j. mycol . 
 1 : 101 ( 1885 ) . synonyms : fusicladosporium effusum ( g. winter ) partridge & morgan - jones , mycotaxon 
 85 : 364 ( 2003 ) . notes : this widespread species causes pecan scab and other leaf spot diseases of juglandaceae ( gottwald 1982 , partridge & morgan - jones 2003 ) . it had previously been referred to as cladosporium caryigenum by gottwald ( 1982 ) while schubert et al . given the extensive use of venturia , such as v. inaequalis for the cause of apple scab and v. pyrina for the cause of pear scab , the generic name venturia is proposed for protection over the generic synonym fusicladium ( wijayawadene et al . several species names already placed in venturia will be protected over their names in fusicladium , but f. effusum does not have a name in venturia , thus a new combination is made here . colletotrichum magnum ( s.f . notes : an anthracnose disease of cucurbits was first reported by jenkins & winstead ( 1964 ) caused by colletotrichum magnum ( as glomerella magna ) . this fungus was the basis for a study of appressorium formation ( bhairi et al . 2013 ) . with the change to one name for fungal species , the generic name glomerella ( 1990 : 208 ) cited the name c. magnum , but did not formally combine this epithet in colletotrichum nor did they cite the basionym as required for valid publication of new combinations by the icn ( mcneill et al . 2012 ) , thus this new combination is formally made here . club 
 9 : 99 ( 1882 ) . synonyms : cryptosporella farinosa ( ellis ) sacc . . notes : the synonymy presented here follows nag raj & di cosmo ( 1981 ) and reid & booth ( 1989 ) as harknessia caudata . 2007 ) , while most species of wuestneia have been found to belong in harknessia ( crous et al . 2012 ) . harknessia cooke 1881 , typified by h. eucalypti cooke 1881 , is included in harknessiaceae ( crous et al . 2012 ) in diaporthales ; wuestneia is not , therefore , the appropriate generic name for this species . the genus mastigonetron kleb . 1914 , was considered a synonym of harknessia by nag raj & di cosmo ( 1981 ) . this species belongs in the genus harknessia and is combined into it here using the oldest epithet . seimatosporium passerinii ( sacc . ) brockmann , sydowia 
 28 : 320 ( 1976 ) . notes : brockmann ( 1976 ) provided the extensive synonymy for this species , as discostroma tosta , listing seimatosporium passerinii as the name for the asexual morph . the generic names discostroma and seimatosporium have long been considered names for comparable sexual and asexual morphs ( brockmann 1976 , nag raj 1993 ) . the type of seimatosporium corda 1833 , s. rosae corda 1833 , is a well - known name with many synonyms having a sexual morph described as d. rosae 
 brockmann 1976 ( shoemaker 1964 , brockmann 1976 , nag raj 1993 ) . although neither of the type species of discostroma or seimatosporium were included , tanaka et al . ( 2011 ) used three species of discostroma , including d. tostum and 11 species of seimatosporium , to show that representatives of these genera form a monophyletic genus that should be regarded as seimatosporium . ( 2015 ) added four more isolates of seimatosporium , including one for the type species s. rosae , and also concluded that this genus was monophyletic . given that seimatosporium is the oldest name , has priority , has the greater number of species , and is most commonly used , this generic name should be used . a new combination for this common species is therefore required . basionym : ceratostomella radicicola bliss , mycologia 
 33 : 468 ( 1941 ) . synonyms : ceratocystis radicicola ( bliss ) c. moreau , revue mycol . ophiostoma radicicola ( bliss ) arx , antonie van leeuwenhoek 
 18 : 211 ( 1952 ) . notes : in their revision of thielaviopsis and related genera , de beer et al . ( 2014 ) neglected to place the oldest epithet in the correct genus although this was recognized as necessary . this species causes a serious wilt and root rot disease of palms throughout the world . freunde , berlin 
 3(1 - 2 ) : 10 ( 1809 ) . synonyms : haplotrichum capitatum ( pers . ) link , in willdenow , sp . pl . , edn 4 6(1 ) : 52 ( 1824 ) . notes : the type of botryobasidium donk 1931 is b. subcoronatum ( hhn . & litsch . ) donk 1931 , while haplotrichum link 1824 , typified by h. capitatum link 1824 , has a sexual morph identified as b. candicans j. erikss . 2001a ) . with the change to one name for one fungus , haplotrichum and botryobasidium although haplotrichum is older , botryobasidium includes more names and is more widely used , thus botryobasidium is to be propoed for protection over haplotrichum . the connection between b. robustior and h. rubiginosum was first discovered by pouzar & holubov - jechov ( 1967 ) who described b. robustior as the sexual morph of oidium rubiginosum , later placing the name in haplotrichum ( holubov - jechov 1976 ) . basionym : ramularia gibba fuckel , fungi rhenani exsiccate , no . 1636 ( 1866 ) . synonyms : entylomella gibba ( fuckel ) u. braun , monogr . entyloma ranunculi - repentis sternon , lheterogenite du genre ramularia : 34 ( 1925 ) . notes : the genus entyloma de bary 1874 , based on e. microsporum ( unger ) j. schrt . 1874 , is a well - known member of ustilaginales for which the asexual morphs were placed in entylomella hohn . the synonymy for this species is based on vnky ( 2011 ) who recognized entylomella gibba for the asexual morph of entyloma ranunculi - repentis . with the change in the icn ( mcneill 2012 ) notes : when cannon & minter ( 1986 ) described bifusella superba from india , they listed leptostroma ahmadii as the asexual morph based on their examination of two isosyntype specimens . they also noted that this asexual morph was observed in the type collection of b. superba . minter ( 1988 ) suggested that this fungus causes a disease called needle blight of mountain pines known from india and pakistan . 1917 , is an accepted genus in rhytismataceae known primarily from conifers ( hou et al . 1990 , based on hypoderma scirpinum dc . 1815 , with preference now given to the later generic name ( johnston et al . thus , l. ahmadii does not belong in leptostroma . with the change to one name for fungi , the oldest epithet for the species , l. ahmadii , philadelphia 
 47 : 429 ( 1895 ) . synonyms : bifusella acuminata ( ellis & everh . ) bonar & w.b . 1897 , c. juncicola , is considered the asexual morph of duplicaria acuminata ( powell 1973 ) , a species that is known from both living and dead stems of primarily juncus ( juncaceae ) , also carex ( cyperaceae ) , in western north america ( farr & rossman 2015 , powell 1973 ) . through careful developmental studies , powell ( 1973 ) unraveled the relationship of the asexual and sexual morphs of this species , which occur on the same type specimen . fuckel 1870 on empetrum ( ericaceae ) , a species about which little is known . the asexual morph of d. empetri was placed in melasmia by powell ( 1973 ) , a genus quite unlike crandallia . based on the differences in host family and asexual morphs , it would appear that d. empetri is unrelated to c. acuminata , thus duplicaria and crandallia are not synonyms . johnston ( 2001 ) compared d. acuminata and d. antarctica , the two species of duplicaria on juncaceae , suggesting that they were congeneric . although d. acuminata was placed in bifusella by bonar & cooke ( 1942 ) , powell ( 1973 ) distinguished these three generic names and rejected bifusella for duplicaria acuminata . in addition species of bifusella including the type species occur only on conifers . rather the oldest epithet of each species , including the type species , are now placed in the genus crandallia . fung.1 : 9 ( 1837 ) . synonyms : helicosporium aureum ( corda ) linder , ann . mo . they showed that a. aurea and a. scopula were congeneric but distinct species in this genus , but did not formally make the new combinations . the other potential generic names such as acanthostigma , helicomyces , helicosporium , and tubeufia were each shown to be distinct from this genus based on the phylogenetic placement of their respective type species . the basionym for a. scopula had previously been considered to be sphaeria scopula cooke & peck 1880 ( rblov & barr 2000 ) but that name is a later homonym of s. scopula sowerby 1803 , thus the basionym for this species dates from the next available name , acanthostigma scopulum peck 1887 . 3(11 ) : 129 ( 1887 ) . synonyms : sphaceloma necator ( ellis & everh . ) jenk . & . notes : the generic names elsino and sphaceloma have been applied to the sexual and asexual morphs of the fungi causing scab diseases , which occur primarily in subtropical and tropical regions . in advancing to one scientific name for fungi 1900 , based on e. canavaliae racib . 1900 , for protection over the name used for asexual morphs , sphaceloma de bary 1874 based on s. ampelina de bary 1874 ( wijayawardene et al . although many names in sphaceloma need to be recognized in elsino , only the most economically important names of elsino are considered here . elsino arachidis causes a scab disease of peanut in south america that threatens the us peanut industry ( kokalis - burelle et al . elsino freyliniae ( as s. freyliniae ) was recently described causing a scab disease of freylinia ( crous & groenewald 2010 ) . elsino necator causes a cane spot or anthracnose of raspberry that occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions ( sivanesan & critchett 1974 ) . a scab disease of avocado is caused by e. perseae , which is widespread in subtropical and tropical regions including florida ( ploetz et al . 1994 ) . a scab disease on the fruit , leaves and petioles of pomegranate is caused by e. punicae , which occurs throughout its growing range ( farr & rossman 2015 ) . 8(3 ) : 195 ( 1913 ) . synonyms : sphaerella alocasiae ( syd . & cercospora colocasiae ( hhn . ) chupp , monograph of cercospora : 58 ( 1954 ) . ( 2014 ) reviewed the phylogenetic placement and taxonomy of this species , they considered cercospora caladii var . colocasiae to be the oldest name for this taxon . because taxa only compete at the same rank ( mcneill et al . however , as that name is already used at species rank in passalora , the next oldest epithet is provided by mycosphaerella alocasiae . based on the generic placement and synonymy in braun et al . ( lisbon ) 1(2 ) : 111 ( 1957 ) . synonyms : fusicladium veronicae ( bat . ) b. sutton & pascoe , aust . notes : the sexual morph of fusicladium veronicae was described as protoventuria parahebicola ( pascoe & sutton 1990 ) , a fungus causing brown leaf blight on parahebe ( sutton & pascoe 1988 ) . with the change to one name for fungi , the oldest epithet must be placed in the accepted genus unless conserved or protected . the genus protoventuria berl . & sacc . most recently this type species has been regarded as gibbera rosae ( de not . ) zhang et al . ( 2011 ) demonstrated that this species , together with p. alpina ( sacc . ) barr 1971 , formed a distinct lineage in dothideomycetes that should be regarded as protoventuria . the genus ramalia bat . 1957 , typified by r. veronicae , includes only one additional species and has not been widely used . fusicladium based on f. pomi is considered a synonym of venturia , a generic name that is proposed for protection ( wijayawardene et al . 2014 , rossman et al . 2015 ) and is not the correct genus for this species . frhandl . 
 29 ( 2 ) : 105 ( 1872 ) . synonyms : mycosphaerella ranunculi ( p. karst . ) notes : braun ( 1994 , 1995 ) described the asexual morph pseudocercosporella ranunculacearum associated with mycosphaerella ranunculi . mycosphaerella , typified by m. punctiformis , is now considered a synonym of ramularia based on r. pusilla ( crous et al . curtis , grevillea 
 3 : 17 ( 1874 ) . synonyms : piricauda stygia ( berk . & m.a . 1918 , based on p. lineare ( fr . ) petr . 1923 , was reinstated by boehm et al . ( 2009a , b ) including p. clavisporum and its asexual morph , sporodesmium stygium , which provides an older epithet for this species . the genus sporidesmium , typified by s. atrum , is considered a synonym of s. ehrenbergii and has been shown to have species scattered throughout dothideomycetes and sordariomycetes ( shenoy et al . 2006 ) , but the type was not included in that study . given the polyphyletic nature of the genus , it would not compete for use with the well - defined psiloglonium . the genus piricauda , based on p. uleanum ( sacc . & p. syd . ) bubk 1914 , now regarded as p. paraguayensis ( speg . ) r.t . moore 1959 , occurs on the leaf hairs of a tropical tree quite unlike psiloglonium stygium , which occurs on dead bark ( mercado sierra et al . the oldest epithet , s. stygium , must be placed in psiloglonium and the new combination is made here . 3 6 : 83 ( 1846 ) . synonyms : mycosphaerella pseudomaculiformis ( desm . ) phacellium bulbigerum ( fuckel ) u. braun , nova hedwigia 
 50 : 509 ( 1990 ) . 1860 , based on p. inhonestum bonord . 1860 and now p. alborosellum ( desm . ) the genus phacellium is now considered a synonym of ramularia based on r. pusilla ( crous et al . in addition , mycosphaerella typified by m. punctiformis is also considered a synonym of ramularia ( videira et al . this morph provides the oldest epithet for the species , which is here placed in ramularia . basionym : fusicladium effusum g. winter , j. mycol . 
 1 : 101 ( 1885 ) . synonyms : fusicladosporium effusum ( g. winter ) partridge & morgan - jones , mycotaxon 
 85 : 364 ( 2003 ) . cladosporium caryigenum ( ellis & langl . ) gottwald , mycologia 
 74 : 388 ( 1982 ) . this widespread species causes pecan scab and other leaf spot diseases of juglandaceae ( gottwald 1982 , partridge & morgan - jones 2003 ) . it had previously been referred to as cladosporium caryigenum by gottwald ( 1982 ) while schubert et al . given the extensive use of venturia , such as v. inaequalis for the cause of apple scab and v. pyrina for the cause of pear scab , the generic name venturia is proposed for protection over the generic synonym fusicladium ( wijayawadene et al . several species names already placed in venturia will be protected over their names in fusicladium , but f. effusum does not have a name in venturia , thus a new combination is made here . notes : an anthracnose disease of cucurbits was first reported by jenkins & winstead ( 1964 ) caused by colletotrichum magnum ( as glomerella magna ) . this fungus was the basis for a study of appressorium formation ( bhairi et al . 2013 ) . with the change to one name for fungal species , the generic name glomerella ( 1990 : 208 ) cited the name c. magnum , but did not formally combine this epithet in colletotrichum nor did they cite the basionym as required for valid publication of new combinations by the icn ( mcneill et al . 2012 ) , thus this new combination is formally made here . torrey bot . club 
 9 : 99 ( 1882 ) . synonyms : cryptosporella farinosa ( ellis ) sacc . . notes : the synonymy presented here follows nag raj & di cosmo ( 1981 ) and reid & booth ( 1989 ) as harknessia caudata . 2007 ) , while most species of wuestneia have been found to belong in harknessia ( crous et al . 2012 ) . harknessia cooke 1881 , typified by h. eucalypti cooke 1881 , is included in harknessiaceae ( crous et al . 2012 ) in diaporthales ; wuestneia is not , therefore , the appropriate generic name for this species . the genus mastigonetron kleb . 1914 , was considered a synonym of harknessia by nag raj & di cosmo ( 1981 ) . this species belongs in the genus harknessia and is combined into it here using the oldest epithet . seimatosporium passerinii ( sacc . ) brockmann , sydowia 
 28 : 320 ( 1976 ) . notes : brockmann ( 1976 ) provided the extensive synonymy for this species , as discostroma tosta , listing seimatosporium passerinii as the name for the asexual morph . the generic names discostroma and seimatosporium have long been considered names for comparable sexual and asexual morphs ( brockmann 1976 , nag raj 1993 ) . the type of seimatosporium corda 1833 , s. rosae corda 1833 , is a well - known name with many synonyms having a sexual morph described as d. rosae 
 brockmann 1976 ( shoemaker 1964 , brockmann 1976 , nag raj 1993 ) . although neither of the type species of discostroma or seimatosporium were included , tanaka et al . ( 2011 ) used three species of discostroma , including d. tostum and 11 species of seimatosporium , to show that representatives of these genera form a monophyletic genus that should be regarded as seimatosporium . ( 2015 ) added four more isolates of seimatosporium , including one for the type species s. rosae , and also concluded that this genus was monophyletic . given that seimatosporium is the oldest name , has priority , has the greater number of species , and is most commonly used , this generic name should be used . a new combination for this common species is therefore required . basionym : ceratostomella radicicola bliss , mycologia 
 33 : 468 ( 1941 ) . synonyms : ceratocystis radicicola ( bliss ) c. moreau , revue mycol . ophiostoma radicicola ( bliss ) arx , antonie van leeuwenhoek 
 18 : 211 ( 1952 ) . notes : in their revision of thielaviopsis and related genera , de beer et al . ( 2014 ) neglected to place the oldest epithet in the correct genus although this was recognized as necessary . this species causes a serious wilt and root rot disease of palms throughout the world . freunde , berlin 
 3(1 - 2 ) : 10 ( 1809 ) . synonyms : haplotrichum capitatum ( pers . ) link , in willdenow , sp . pl . , edn 4 6(1 ) : 52 ( 1824 ) . donk 1931 , while haplotrichum link 1824 , typified by h. capitatum link 1824 , has a sexual morph identified as b. candicans j. erikss . 2001a ) . with the change to one name for one fungus , haplotrichum and botryobasidium although haplotrichum is older , botryobasidium includes more names and is more widely used , thus botryobasidium is to be propoed for protection over haplotrichum . the connection between b. robustior and h. rubiginosum was first discovered by pouzar & holubov - jechov ( 1967 ) who described b. robustior as the sexual morph of oidium rubiginosum , later placing the name in haplotrichum ( holubov - jechov 1976 ) . 1636 ( 1866 ) . synonyms : entylomella gibba ( fuckel ) u. braun , monogr . entyloma ranunculi - repentis sternon , lheterogenite du genre ramularia : 34 ( 1925 ) . notes : the genus entyloma de bary 1874 , based on e. microsporum ( unger ) j. schrt . 1874 , is a well - known member of ustilaginales for which the asexual morphs were placed in entylomella hohn . the synonymy for this species is based on vnky ( 2011 ) who recognized entylomella gibba for the asexual morph of entyloma ranunculi - repentis . with the change in the icn ( mcneill 2012 ) we are grateful for the pre - submission comments provided by pedro crous and peter johnston .
in advancing to one scientific name for each fungus species , a number of name changes are required especially for plant - associated fungi . 
 these include species names that are not in the correct genus . 
 for example , the generic name elsino is used for fungi causing scab diseases but a number of these species were described in the asexually typified genus sphaceloma and must be placed in elsino . in other cases species names 
 were determined to be unrelated to the type species of the genus in which they are currently placed and are placed in a more appropriate genus . for each new name the history , rationale and importance of the name is discussed . 
 the following new combinations are made : acanthohelicospora aurea , a. scopula , bifusella ahmadii , botryobasidium capitatum , b. rubiginosum , colletotrichum magnum , crandallia acuminata , c. antarctica , elsino arachadis , e. freyliniae , e. necator , e. perseae , e. poinsettiae , e. punicae , entyloma gibbum , harknessia farinosa , passalora alocasiae , protoventuria veronicae , pseudocercosporella ranunculi , psiloglonium stygium , ramularia pseudomaculiformis , seimatosporium tostum , thielaviopsis radicicola combs . 
 nov . , and venturia effusa .