28 : 165 , 1893 
 et 13 : 342 , 1908 ; spegazzini , redia 10 : 38 , 1914 ; an . buenos aires 27 : 60 , 1915 
 et 29 : 614 , 1917 ; picard , bull . france 29 : 541 , 1913 ; sugiyama , ginkgoana 2 : 59 , 1973 ; sugiyama & yamamoto , trans . japan 23 : 123 , 1982 ; huldn , karstenia 23 : 58 , 1983 ; sugiyama & majewski , trans . receptacle consisting of the basal and distal portions ; the basal portion cylindrical , composed of five cells and insertion cell , 190~260 m long , 40~60 m thick ; cell i and ii forming a stalk , hyaline , becoming gradually thinner towards the base , forming basally a blackish foot ; cell i cuneiform , 2 times longer than board , 50~60 m long , 25~30 m thick ; cell ii up to 2.5 times longer than board , 70~80 m long , 45~50 m thick ; cell iii and iv isodiametric , more darker than cell i and ii , cell iii 40~50 m long , 35~45 m thick ; cell iv 40~45 m long , 35~40 m thick ; cell v subtriangular , more or less longer than board , not connected with cell iii , 15~25 m long , 15~20 m thick ; insertion cell dark , constricted ; the distal portion of the receptacle consisting of two branches arranged anteroposteriorly , outer appendage composed of elongated cells , simple , becoming darker with age up to 500~520 m long , inner appendage composed of a small basal cell and two branches not exceeding the top of perithecium , terminated in clusters of antheridia , 50~70 m long . perithecium consisting of perithecium proper and stalk ; perithecium proper blackish brown , ovate , half or slightly more free , blackened and more or less constricted near the apex , more or less inflated laterally , 150~210 m long , 45~75 m thick ; the stalk consisting of a large basal cell and a few small distal cells , the basal cell usually isodiametric . host genera : abacetus , aerogenidion , amblystomus , amara , antarctia , argutor , badister , bradycellus , lecanomerus , loxandrus , nitobia , olisthopus , pangus , pelmatellus , phaetheratus , platysma , stenognathus , stenolophus , trichotichnus and tropidosterus host species in tibet : amara majuscula chaudoin distribution : cosmopolitan . mani , tibet , 20 july , 2001 , l - y-1573 , 1574 , 1576 , 1577 , 1578 , 1579 , 1580 , 1581 , 2034 , 2035 , 2036 , 2037 , 2038 , 2039 , 2040 , 2041 , 2042 and 2043 according to tavares ( 1985 ) , l. polyphaga belongs to l. vulgaris group . in this group , the basal cell of the inner appendage is much smaller than that of the outer appendage , there is a short , wedge - shaped v cell , and the upper receptacle and base of the perithecium are often enlarged . the appendages are usually simple , with few branches , and the inner appendage usually is very small . figures of typical specimens ( thaxter , 1896 ) showed two forms with the outer appendage not ramified , simple or branched on the basal cell . majewski ( 1994 ) illustrated also specimens with the outer appendages branched on the suprabasal cell . the present specimens on amara majuscula from tibet have the outer appendages not ramified , simple . in spite of this difference , the tibetan fungus can be included in the present species because of the relatively large cell v , the lower part of the perithecium connected to the receptacle and antheridia produced on the tip of the inner appendage which never exceeded the top of perithecium . sci . , 36 session , reims 2 : 783 , 1907 ; thaxter , mem . ; huldn , karstenia 23 : 62 , 1983 ; santamaria & girbal , anales jardin botanico de madrid 44(1 ) : 19 , 1987 ; de kesel & haghebaert , bull . annls . soc . r. belge ent : 127 : 263 , 1991 ; majewski , polish bot . stud . receptacle 200~220 m long , 65~70 m in the widest portion , consisting of four layers of cells ; the first layer one - celled , cylindrical , hyaline , producing the blackish foot towards the base portion , 50~65 m long , 30~ m thick ; the second layer consisting of three parallel , long cells , both lateral cells with septum , 90~100 m long , 75~80 m thick ; the third layer consisting of three long cells and several smaller cells giving rise to two antheridia and two perithecia and some appendages , 65~70 m long , 65~70 m thick ; the fourth layer consisting of a large central cell and 14 smaller cells to two perithecia and more or less numerous appendages , cuneiform , concave at the distal end , 55~60 m long , 25~30 m thick . appendages hyaline , with deeply darkened , constricted septum at the basal portion connected to the receptacle , often as long or longer than the perithecium , 50~60 m long , 10 m thick . perithecia hyaline , pale yellow , cylindrical , rounded apex , stout and symmetrically inflated , formed an the third and fourth layer of the receptacle , two in each layer , thus four in each individual , 25~35 m long , 10 m thick . antheridia brownish , a pair of horn - shaped compound antheridia formed at submarginal portion of the third layer , 20~30 m long , 10~15 m thick . host genera : anotylus , bledius , manda , oxytellus , philonthus , planeustomus and strloxys ( staphylinidae , coleoptera ) host species in tibet : philonthus wuesthoffi bernhaur distribution : algeria , europe ( in many european countries ) , u.s.a . and mani , 8000 m , june 30 , 2001 , l - y-1571-l and 1571 - 2 . when the figures of the typical specimens ( thaxter , 1900 ) were compared with those of the present specimens , they showed somewhat different forms ; in typical specimens the fourth layer of the receptacle is asymmetrical , and has only one perithecium , more or less numerous appendages not exceeding the top of perithecum and the cells arranged parallel at the distal portion , whereas in present specimens it is symmetrical , and has two perithecia , some appendages exceeding the top of perithecia and the fourth layer concave at the middle portion . in spite of the above - mentioned difference between these specimens , the common traits characteristic of them include as follow ; the first layer of receptacle consisting of a large cell , the second layer consisting of three or more cells , the two perithecia and the two antheridia produced on the third layer . peyritschiella protea more or less resembles p. xyricola ( thaxter , 1891 ) , from which it is easily distinguished by the four perithecia and two antheridia produced on not only the fourth layer of receptacle but the third layer . this species has a very variable thallus , both with respect to plant size and in the degree of development of the lateral lobes of the receptacle ( huldn , 1983 ; santamaria et girbalm 1987 ; kesel et haghebaertm 1991 ; majewski , 1994 ) .
two species of the laboubeniales based on the tibetan collections are described . 
 they are new to the mycological flora of tibet . 
 laboulbenia polyphaga found on several parts of amara majuscula was characterized by having the outer appendages not ramified and simple . 
 peyritschiella protea obtained on the lower abdomen of philonthus wuesthoffi , had two perithecia and two antheridia produced on the third layer of receptacle .