Our report found that SBA’s STEP grants management process does not provide reasonable assurance that STEP grant recipients meet two of the three TFTEA requirements we reviewed before the grant is closed out. TFTEA contains specific requirements for STEP, including: Proportional distribution requirement. SBA must distribute grant funds in a way that caps the amount of grant funds distributed to the 10 states with the largest numbers of eligible small businesses at 40 percent of the total amount awarded each year. This requirement ensures that states with fewer eligible small businesses receive funding, and is known as the “proportion of amounts” clause in the law. Total match requirement. States must provide either a 25 percent or 35 percent nonfederal total match to the federal grant amount. Cash match requirement. A state’s match cannot be less than 50 percent cash. First, we found that OIT has established a process for ensuring compliance with the TFTEA requirement outlined in the “proportion of amounts” clause of the statute. OIT officials told us they review data from the Department of Commerce’s Census Bureau that show the number of exporting small and medium-sized businesses in each state, and then use these data to determine the top 10 states. According to OIT officials, they use the most recent data available, with an approximately 2- to 3- year lag. OIT officials told us that they planned to use available 2016 Census data to determine the top 10 states for the fiscal year 2018 award cycle and then, after receiving applications, determine award amounts that would comply with this requirement. Second, we found SBA’s process did not document that states met TFTEA’s total match requirement before grant closeout. TFTEA requires that states provide matching funds, and the total match is typically 25 percent of the combined state-federal amount. At least half of the total match must be cash. Matching share requirements are often intended to ensure local financial participation, and may serve to hold down federal costs. If SBA determines that a state is not providing sufficient matching funds, it can withhold reimbursement for expenses incurred under the grant. Figure 1 illustrates the STEP funding proportions described above. In our report, we identified four instances where, according to OIT’s documentation, states reported insufficient total matches—one in fiscal year 2015 and three in fiscal year 2016. OIT’s documentation showed that these four states failed to meet the required total matching funds by about $76,000 combined over these 2 years of the program. SBA told us they nevertheless had closed these grants. OIT officials provided several explanations for their actions. First, OIT officials told us that of these four states, two submitted additional information after the grant had closed, indicating that the states had met the matching requirement. OIT officials stated that they did not verify the accuracy of the total match information before grant closure because of OIT staff error. With respect to the other two states, OIT initially stated that it was working with OGM to verify that the total match requirement had not been met, and how best to recover the funds. Subsequently, OIT reported OGM’s determination that one state had in fact met the match requirement, but that the other had not. In the case of the state that did not meet the requirement, OGM determined that SBA had overpaid federal funds to that state by about $19,600. However, after contacting the state and looking into the matter further, OGM conducted a review of quarterly reporting documentation for this state, and determined that the state had in fact exceeded its required match by about $3,800. Though all four of the states initially identified were eventually determined to have met the total match requirement, SBA did not have an adequate process in place to ensure documentation of a full match before grant closeout. Federal internal control standards state that management should design control activities. By designing and executing appropriate control activities, management helps fulfill its responsibilities and address identified risks in the internal control system. Without a process for effectively documenting that the total match requirement has been met and reviewing this documentation before grant closeout, SBA does not have reasonable assurance that states have complied with TFTEA’s total match requirement, and risks overpayment of federal funds. Third, we found that OIT’s process does not provide reasonable assurance that states have complied with the TFTEA cash match requirement. As previously noted, TFTEA requires that states provide at least half of their total match in the form of cash. TFTEA allows for the remaining half to be any mixture of cash, in-kind contributions, and indirect costs. OIT collects information about the types of expended matching funds, including the proportion provided in cash; however, OIT does not have a process in place to use this information to monitor states’ compliance with this requirement. OIT documents show that while proposed cash match amounts are recorded, OIT does not track or analyze states’ expended cash matching funds during or at the close of the grant cycle. OIT officials told us that this information is included in the states’ quarterly detailed expenditure worksheets, and therefore can be reviewed for compliance on a case-by- case basis. However, OIT program officials told us that they do not regularly analyze this information to determine what proportion of the total match the cash portion constitutes. The program’s authorizing legislation does not define “cash,” and neither does the Uniform Guidance. OIT considers the salaries of state trade office staff who work on administering the grant to be a form of cash and, according to OIT officials, most states use state staff salaries as their total match, including the required cash portion. In addition, we found that OIT does not have a process for ensuring that states reporting staff salaries as their required cash match are not also using grant funds from STEP to pay for portions of these same salaries. As such, SBA cannot consistently determine whether states are meeting the TFTEA cash match requirement, and risks closing out grants for which states have not met the cash match requirement. Using part of the grant to cover the cost of the state’s matching requirement in this way could have the effect of reducing the match below the thresholds mandated by TFTEA. In our discussions with officials from 12 low-use states that received STEP grants in fiscal year 2015, 2 states reported using the grant to offset state staff salaries. When we asked OIT officials what process they had in place to determine whether states were using staff salaries paid for with STEP funds as part of their match amount, OIT officials told us that they were not aware that STEP grantees had engaged in this practice, and therefore did not monitor for it. SBA’s grants management standard operating procedure states that the agency should monitor grantees for compliance with the terms and conditions of the awards, which includes compliance with applicable federal law. Further, according to federal standards for internal control, management should design and execute control activities, and use quality information to achieve the entity’s objectives. Management should process reliable data into quality information to make informed decisions and evaluate the entity’s performance in achieving key objectives and addressing risks. Without processes to review whether states are meeting the cash match requirement, OIT is not implementing its responsibilities under SBA’s standard operating procedure because it cannot consistently determine whether states are meeting this requirement. Without making such a determination, SBA does not have reasonable assurance that states are contributing to the program as required by STEP’s authorizing statute. In our report, we recommended that the SBA Administrator should establish a process that ensures documentation of states’ compliance with the total match requirement before grant closeout, and develop a process to determine states’ compliance with the cash match requirement. SBA agreed with these recommendations. Next, we looked at STEP’s grant use rate. In our report, we found that nearly 20 percent of grant funds go unused each year, despite OIT officials stating that they seek 100 percent use of grant funds. Specifically: 2015. Across all 40 recipient states, combined grant use was 81 percent, leaving 19 percent, or nearly $3.4 million, unused. This included one state that left 77 percent, or over $432,000, of its funds unused that year. 2016. Across 41 of the 43 recipient states, combined grant use was 82 percent, leaving 18 percent, or nearly $3.2 million, unused. This included one state that left nearly 95 percent, or nearly $184,000, of its funds unused that year. We found that OIT made some changes to the program that could improve states’ ability to use all their grant funds. Changes included: (1) Extending funds usage period to 2 years. This change allows an additional 4 quarters to conduct program activities, which, in turn, may help enable states to use the full amount of their grant funding and achieve performance targets. (2) Eliminating travel preauthorization requirement. This change may reduce the administrative burden on state trade office staff and allow greater flexibility to use grant funds when opportunities that require travel arise with limited notice. (3) Reducing the length of the technical proposal. This change may help to streamline the program’s application paperwork. We interviewed officials from low-use states to identify the continuing challenges they faced. We grouped the most commonly reported challenges into the following categories: (1) Timing of the application and award processes. State officials discussed the variable and short application timeframes, and said that the award announcement happening close to the start of the grant period can make it difficult to use funds during the 1st quarter of the period. (2) Administrative burden. State officials described challenges due to inflexible application requirements, a difficult process for repurposing funds, and burdensome and changing reporting requirements. (3) Communication. State officials told us this was a challenge because of delays and inconsistent communication of requirements from OIT. In our report, we found that OIT had not assessed and fully addressed the risk posed by some states’ low use of funds. OIT officials told us that while they informally collect feedback from states, there is no systematic process to collect states’ perspectives on challenges with the program, including obstacles to their ability to use funds. Officials said that they seek 100 percent use for each state that receives an award, as well as for the program as a whole. Federal internal control standards specify that agency leadership should define program objectives clearly to enable the identification of risks and define risk tolerances in order to meet the goals of the program’s authorizing legislation. In addition, OIT has no systematic process to share best practices with sufficient detail that states struggling to use their STEP funds might apply those practices to improve their own programs. TFTEA requires SBA to publish an annual report regarding STEP, including the best practices of those states that achieve the highest returns on investment and significant progress in helping eligible small businesses. While 12 states used 75 percent or less of their grant funds in the fiscal year 2015 cycle, 19 states used all or almost all of their funds. SBA publishes high-level information on what it deems to be notable state activities in its annual report to Congress. OIT officials told us that, when possible, they share best practices with states that may have difficulty accessing external markets. However, OIT officials told us that they do not formally facilitate the sharing of best practices among the states, saying that best practices for promoting exports in one state might not be transferable to another state because each state is unique. According to the Uniform Guidance, grant recipients’ performance should be measured in a way that helps the federal awarding agency and other nonfederal entities improve program outcomes, share lessons learned, and spread the adoption of promising practices. We have also previously reported on the importance of collecting and sharing best practices, as well as the processes for doing so. By sharing detailed information with all participating states about the approaches that some grant recipients are using to successfully achieve STEP’s goals, SBA could encourage all grant recipients to improve the effectiveness of their state STEP programs, including increasing fund use rates in pursuit of OIT’s stated aim of 100 percent grant fund use. In our report, we recommended that the SBA Administrator assess the risk to achieving program goals posed by some states’ low grant fund use rates, and that assessing this risk could include examining the challenges that states reported related to the program’s application and award processes, administrative burden, and communication. We also recommended that SBA enhance collection and sharing of best practices among states that receive STEP grant funds. SBA agreed with these recommendations. Chairwoman Finkenauer, Ranking Member Joyce, and Members of the Subcommittee, this completes my prepared statement. I would be pleased to respond to any questions that you may have at this time. If you or your staff have any questions about this statement, please contact me at (202) 512-8612 or gianopoulosk@gao.gov. Contacts for our Offices of Congressional Relations and Public Affairs are on the last page of this testimony. GAO staff who made key contributions to this statement are Adam Cowles (Assistant Director), Cristina Ruggiero (Analyst in Charge), Martin de Alteriis, Mark Dowling, Jesse Elrod, John Hussey, and Christopher Keblitis. This is a work of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. The published product may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without further permission from GAO. However, because this work may contain copyrighted images or other material, permission from the copyright holder may be necessary if you wish to reproduce this material separately.
The Small Business Administration's (SBA) management of the State Trade Expansion Program (STEP) does not provide reasonable assurance of compliance with some legal requirements. Specifically, the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (TFTEA) requirements for STEP include: Proportional distribution requirement. SBA's Office of International Trade (OIT) must distribute grant funds so that the total amount awarded to the 10 states with the highest percentage of eligible small businesses does not exceed 40 percent of the program's appropriation that year. Total match requirement. States must provide a 25 or 35 percent non-federal match to the federal grant amount. Cash match requirement. A state's match cannot be less than 50 percent cash. GAO found that, while OIT has a process to meet the distribution requirement, it does not have a process for documenting that states have met the total match requirement before grant closeout, and does not have a process to determine whether states are meeting the cash match requirement. Without such processes, SBA cannot be reasonably assured that states are contributing per the law's requirements. GAO found that, while OIT has made changes to STEP in response to states' feedback, officials from states with low grant use described ongoing challenges with the program that affect their ability to fully use funds. These challenges include compressed application and award timelines, administrative burden, and poor communication. SBA has not adequately assessed risks to the program, including the risk to achieving program goals posed by some states' low grant fund use rates. Without such an assessment, OIT's ability to support U.S. exporters may be diminished. Further, SBA has not effectively facilitated sharing best practices among states. By doing this, SBA could help states make full use of funds to achieve the program's goals.