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Campaigns as Art at GRACE Exhibition - Entertainment - Reston, VA Patch
, August 29, 2012 at 07:07 PM
This presidential election season, what if campaigning was seen as art?
That's the perspective of a new exhibition Campaign Re/Form opening at the on Sept. 13.
The exhibition includes new works and existing works as GRACE staffers "work" in a campaign office, says GRACE executive director Damian Sinclair.
"We're turning GRACE into a working campaign office for this," Sinclair says, adding the campaign office will not be in support of any one party or candidate. "I will be working from the gallery whenever I am at work."
"This is meant to me a participatory outlet," he added. "One that is meant as an escape the craziness that is going on."
The exhibition was envisioned by Sinclair, new GRACE curator Holly McCullough and DC performance artist Holly Bass.
Bass says they are trying to create interest and energy by changing the structure of the traditional art installation. Campaign Re/Form will be interactive to "pique interest and raise questions." "We are going to shake things up on a lot of levels," Bass says. "Galleries can be intimidating and not that inviting."
In order fix that, GRACE is inviting visitors in at nontraditional hours. The gallery will be open Wednesdays through Saturday noon to 8 p.m. instead of closing by 5 p.m.
"I want people to come in at night and have the energy happen," Sinclair says.
Campaign Re/Form will run Sept. 13 to Oct. 17. There will be an opening reception at 6 p.m. Sept. 13 at GRACE.
John James AndersonHolly BassKashuo BennettGraham BoyleCOLON:Y (chukwuma agubokwu and Wilmer Wilson IV)Dana EllynBlake Fall-ConroyDelphine Fawundu-BufordKate KretzPaul D. Miller (aka DJ Spooky)Renee Stout

value: Patch.com is an American local news and information platform, primarily owned by Hale Global. As of June 2019, Patch's more than 100 journalists operated some 1,227 hyperlocal news websites, which also have an information component, in 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C.Patch Media Corporation is the operator of the service.


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Where are they now? Metro try to update you but are sloppy about it. | SECTION 23
5 thoughts on “Where are they now? Metro try to update you but are sloppy about it.”
Someone on January 7, 2009 at 3:34 pm said:
Did they just sign two more players?????????
chris902 on January 7, 2009 at 4:32 pm said:
Did who just sign two more players? Halifax? Montreal? Chicago?
Joe on January 7, 2009 at 5:31 pm said:
According to the Rainmen’s ad in the Metro, Danny Fernandez will be performing at halftime during the home opener.
Joe on January 8, 2009 at 3:38 pm said:
All home Rainmen games will be webcast through haligonia.ca. They currently have the channel streaming live under the “Rainmen Video” box on the main page.
Good move for the Rainmen, this will hopefully give them some more exposure. My only complaint is that the video box is too big right now. It’s minor, but it stretches out the entire page so it looks sloppy. I am sure they will fix that soon enough though.
bigdaddyphil on January 8, 2009 at 7:22 pm said:
I am surprised the Metro article had James “IR” Booyer as inactive. He played in town for the pre-season games. Considering they knew were Baby Shaq was, it is disappointing that their coverage of the Rainmen doesn’t include paying attention during games in Halifax.

type: global

value: WordPress (WP, WordPress.org) is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) written in PHP and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database. Features include a plugin architecture and a template system, referred to within WordPress as Themes.


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[WinDbg Script] Displaying Parameters for Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing – Debugging Toolbox
[WinDbg Script] Displaying Parameters for Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing	★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
rafarahAugust 13, 20102	0
Here is a new script from a PFE from Portugal, Marcio Parente.
Marcio kindly shared his source code in this blog post, so here is the story behind the script followed by its source code.
One report on a Reporting Server started to give this error:
String: Syntax error converting the varchar value ‘AA’ to a column of data type int.
Exploring the situation Marcio had the need to find out what was the value of one parameter, and because there were 14380 parameters an script was needed.
0x1f014e88 0x09ae5e84 28 -1 Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ParameterValue Statistics:
0x09ae5e84 14,380 402,640 Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ParameterValue
Total 14,380 objects, Total size: 402,640
What Marcio needs is the name and value.
0:000> !dumpobj 0x10546834
Name: Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ParameterValue
MethodTable 0x09ae5e84
EEClass 0x09b009cc
mdToken: 0x020000e6 (c:\windows\microsoft.net\framework\v1.1.4322\temporary asp.net files\reportserver\94eb9a55\49df36c9\assembly\dl2\02d1b52f\00398a5b_d238c501\microsoft.reportingservices.processing.dll)
FieldDesc*: 0x09ae5d48
0x09ae5e84 0x40003dc 0x4 CLASS instance 0x10546850 m_name
0x09ae5e84 0x40003dd 0x8 CLASS instance 0x1054688c m_value
0x09ae5e84 0x40003de 0xc CLASS instance 0x00000000 m_omit
0x09ae5e84 0x40003df 0x14 System.Int32 instance 1 m_exprHostID
0x09ae5e84 0x40003e0 0x10 CLASS instance 0x1c53f980 a
0:000> !do 0x10546850 String: @chrCultureCode
0:000> !do 0x1054688c Name: Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ExpressionInfo
MethodTable 0x09ae4860
EEClass 0x09b004d4
Size 60(0x3c) bytes
mdToken: 0x02000127 (c:\windows\microsoft.net\framework\v1.1.4322\temporary asp.net files\reportserver\94eb9a55\49df36c9\assembly\dl2\02d1b52f\00398a5b_d238c501\microsoft.reportingservices.processing.dll)
FieldDesc*: 0x09ae4490
0x09ae4860 0x40005d7 0x24 System.Int32 instance 0 m_type
0x09ae4860 0x40005d8 0x4 CLASS instance 0x00000000 m_stringValue
0x09ae4860 0x40005d9 0x34 System.Boolean instance 0 m_boolValue
0x09ae4860 0x40005da 0x28 System.Int32 instance 0 m_intValue
0x09ae4860 0x40005db 0x2c System.Int32 instance -1 m_exprHostID
0x09ae4860 0x40005dc 0x8 CLASS instance 0x00000000 a
0x09ae4860 0x40005dd 0xc CLASS instance 0x00000000 b
0x09ae4860 0x40005de 0x10 CLASS instance 0x00000000 c
0x09ae4860 0x40005df 0x14 CLASS instance 0x00000000 d
0x09ae4860 0x40005e0 0x18 CLASS instance 0x00000000 e
0x09ae4860 0x40005e1 0x1c CLASS instance 0x00000000 f
0x09ae4860 0x40005e2 0x20 CLASS instance 0x00000000 g
0x09ae4860 0x40005e3 0x30 System.Int32 instance -1 h
So Marcio decided to create the script below to get the content of the correspondent parameter.
This is the output from the script below:
Scanning all Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ParameterValue …
String: @chrCultureCode
String: pt
Stop scanning all Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ParameterValue …
Source code of REPORTING_SERVICES_PARAMETER.TXT:
$$ =========================================================
$$ REPORTING_SERVICES_PARAMETER.TXT
$$ Displays the values of Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ParameterValue.
$$ Compatibility: Win32 (not tested on x64).
$$ Example: $$><myscripts\REPORTING_SERVICES_PARAMETER.TXT
$$ $$ Marcio Parente $$
.printf /D “Scanning all Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ParameterValue …\n\n”
.foreach (runtime {!dumpheap -type Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ParameterValue -short})
.foreach(obj {!dumpobj poi(${runtime}+0x4)})
.if(0 == $sicmp(“${obj}”, “@chrCultureCode”))
.echo *****
!dumpobj poi(${runtime}+0x4)
!dumpobj poi(poi(${runtime}+0x8)+0x4)
.printf /D “Stop scanning all Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ParameterValue …”
Tags Reporting Services Windbg Scripts	Comments (2)	Cancel reply	Name * Email * Website Jarrod says:	August 29, 2010 at 5:51 pm	Since the inclusion of !DumpField in psscor2, I've been doing something similar. I like Marcio's method using offsets because it gives you more flexibility when not faced with string types for the value of a parameter. Here's my method (which I either type in or copy from OneNote since I haven't bothered to put it in a script yet): .foreach (var {!dumpheap -type System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter -short}) {.echo *****;.echo var;!DumpField -field _parameterName -string var;!DumpField -field _value -string var} Reply
rafarah says:	September 3, 2010 at 10:02 am	Cool! Thanks for sharing. 🙂

value: Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation which produces computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.


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Media | BKYeast
By bkyeast ¶ Posted in Articles, Brews, Media	¶ 21 Comments
The issue of dry yeast rehydration has been following me around since about the time I first wrote about it. A conversation here and there sparked up, often resulting in lengthy discussions on the topic of water vs wort and temperatures. Some took my suggestions and ideas readily, backed up with some info from a scientist who worked on these, while others were more skeptical. In either case it seems that people who tried rehydration in warm water preferred it to sprinkling straight into wort. The hardest issue for people to understand seems to be the matter of yeast viability. I find it very hard to explain that making a starter with dry yeast is pointless because osmotic pressure would kill a large portion of the initial culture and the time would be simply spent on rebuilding it to its original numbers. It doesn’t seem like it’s a very difficult concept to grasp, but the issue persists. Rather than debating and trying to back it up with simple scientific logic, I decided to conduct a little study to address the questions of temperature as well as sugar and hop compound concentration in dry yeast rehydration.
The original study was supposed to just be a temperature series in water, but right when I was about to start, it occurred to me that repeating the same series with different worts would also be interesting. The experiment consisted of three series:
Water – just plain sterile water.
Starter – a simple standard starter made with 100g DME per liter of water. OG ~1.040.
High OG/IBU – some wort I had saved in my freezer from an IPA I brewed some time ago. OG of 1.068 and 123 IBU.
The idea was to test the concept of temperature and osmotic pressure as well as assess the effects of high hop compound concentration on ensuing yeast viability after rehydration. For that purpose I used a packet of Danstar Nottingham that’s been sitting in my fridge for a while. It’s safe to assume that the viability of that culture is not at its optimum, but it’s what I had on hand and its response should be comparable to that of a fresh pack.
Experimental design was simple and straightforward:
Incubate yeast for 15-20 minutes in each medium at following temperatures: 35C (95F), 32C (89.6F), 25C (77F), 16C (61F) and 4C (39F). Stain with trypan blue and count dead and living cells. For each data point, between 120 and 1500 cells were counted, totaling in around 5000 cells. Let me tell you it wasn’t at all fun. In cases where cell viability was so low that counting would have been a waste of time (see example below), I assigned values of 1 and 5% based on qualitative observation.
An example of a sample with such low viability that counting was useless. Red arrow = dead cell. Green arrow = live cell.
The results were not completely unexpected. As expected, cell viability was much higher in yeast rehydrated in water rather than in wort. As the temperature decreased so did the viability, though more rapidly than I would have expected. This could be attributed to the age of the packet, but getting 85% viability in water suggests that they are still pretty healthy. What’s interesting is that starter wort largely imitates the water curve, but with significantly lower live cell counts, but high OG/IBU wort does not. It seems that in those conditions yeast get killed very quickly in warmer temperatures and they survive better in slightly cooler conditions. At around 17C (63F), which is a normal pitching temperature for most beers, the starter and high OG/IBU wort intersect and are almost the same as the temperature decreases. This suggests that when it comes to sprinkling dry yeast straight into wort it makes no difference if it’s a small or a big beer. Osmotic pressure will kill them just the same.
Final verdict: Warm water is better for rehydrating yeast than cool water, starter or pitching straight into beer.
I suppose the viability curves would be a bit higher if the pack was fresher and they vary a little from batch to batch, so I constructed a theoretical viability curve chart based on these findings, but with an increase of 10-15% so as to not surpass 100% viability and decrease the sudden drop below 30C.
I hope this little study has been helpful to you since some of you have been asking me to do a temperature series for a few months now. I also hope that this cleared up some doubts and concerns that you had regarding yeast rehydration.
Note: Don’t forget to equilibrate the rehydrated yeast prior to pitching into wort as a large temperature differential may kill or mutate a considerable portion of the yeast. Allow the rehydrated yeast to passively cool to temperature of your wort, or add small portions of the wort to the yeast until the temperatures are very close.
As always, comments, discussion, critique are always welcomed.
By bkyeast ¶ Posted in Brews, How To, Media	¶ 3 Comments
What can be easier and more straightforward than yeast rehydration, right? Apparently not…
As I’m sure all of you are aware, there is an ever ongoing debate in the homebrewing community in regard to dry yeast rehydration. Some say dry yeast must be rehydrated before pitching while others just drop them straight into the wort. Personally I’ve always belonged to the latter school of thought and indeed have never rehydrated yeast in my life. My main problem with this approach is the idea of letting the yeast just sit in a cup of water for 10-30 or so minutes. Knowing the microbiological prowess of majority of homebrewers this step just screams “contamination” to me. I’ve even seen people say they just use cold water with some fructose in it because “bacteria can’t be active in cold water so there is no need for sanitation”. Another problem is that a lot of new brewers just boil their yeast when they do it by not letting the water cool enough before pouring the yeast into it and then freaking out that there is still no fermentation after 3 days.
Recently this topic caught my attention again and I decided to try rehydrating and show how I’d do it so that perhaps some new brewers would avoid making silly mistakes. As always if there is an error with my approach, I’d be happy to discuss. First of all there is a debate on water vs wort rehydration with evidence seemingly pointing in the direction of “rehydrating in wort kills a lot of the yeast while doing it in water does not”. Names like Jamil Zainesheff and Chris White are often mentioned and their experience and expertise sited. An interesting study HERE addresses this issue and though I find reports utilizing methylene blue vital staining dubious, I’m going to choose to believe this one because it seems credible, well composed and with good references. Perhaps some day I’ll repeat this and check with other stains (been aching to try Neutral Red and Phenol Red as vital stains lately) when I have a little more time and energy. Thus we will continue this little project under the assumption that rehydrating in water is better than in wort and its temperature in terms of RT vs 80⁰F has no significant effect on yeast viability. I think the reason why they die in wort is osmotic pressure and cell wall fragility. These guys are just waking up, their cell membranes are literally like a mesh so they are unable to control what goes in and out, and suddenly they are dropped into this sugar-rich and hop-rich environment and some cells are just too weak and couldn’t rebuild their membranes yet and get killed, i.e. they are unable to retain the water inside and it’s being sucked out by the relatively high sugar gradient outside, sugars rush in, hop acids and oils rush in and so on and so forth and basically poison or physically rupture the cells.
Bottles after cleaning
It is fortuitous that I recently came by a whole box of 30 autoclavable 125mL glass cell culture bottles along with some other glassware (they just kind of dropped into my lap as me and some guys were on our way out to celebrate passing our qualifying exams and advancing to candidacy, which also means that I was wondering the night NYC subway drunk and with a box of glassware later that night). For the next couple of weeks there was no obvious application for them until this dry yeast idea came into my mind. So, after washing them in boiling water and soaking in ethanol to disinfect just in case there was anything there, I filled them up with around 100mL water and sterilized in the pressure cooker at 15 psi for 30 minutes. Both Danstar and Fermentis recommend rehydrating in sterile water or wort that is 10 times the weight of yeast so 100 mL for an 11g packet should be good. After that their directions differ in that Fermentis recommends stirring/shaking while Danstar advises not to do it until later and also recommends feeding in a little wort at later stages to get it to the same temperature as the wort prior to pitching. What I decided to do is just rehydrate in room temperature sterile water as per Danstar instructions since I’m using their Windsor yeast and then pitch without the wort additions. After sterilizing the bottles with water in them they were allowed to cool to room temperature and then stored in the fridge until needed.
Sterilized bottles in the fridge waiting to be used
On the brew day one bottle was taken out and allowed to warm up as the day went on. During wort chilling the yeast packet as well as scissors used to open it were rubbed with alcohol to sanitize and minimize possible contamination and stored under UV light (yes, I finally installed UV light in my hood) until use.
Warming up for use. Could those be Brett starters in the background?
Contents of the packet was poured into the bottle and allowed to incubate for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes the yeast turned into a paste-like mass. It was then gently swirled to resuspend and pitched into the fresh wort. Fermentation started much sooner than the normal 12-16 hours I usually see when just pouring the dry yeast into the wort. This would suggest that rehydration prior to pitching really is better for yeast survival. All in all this procedure barely adds any more time or effort to my brewday, especially if there are already bottles with sterile water available so I’ll continue rehydrating before pitching in future.
Let’s recap the protocol:
Fill up culture bottles with ~100mL water and sterilize in the pressure cooker for 30 minutes at 15 psi. If such bottles are unavailable, one could use a small jar.
Allow the water to cool enough to use or store until later use.
Sanitize the yeast packet and scissors used to cut it with alcohol.
Pour the yeast into your bottle/jar with sterile water and let sit on our table for 15-20 minutes gently swirling it once in a while.
When the yeast reach a paste-like consistency gently swirl the container until homogeneity is achieved.
Pitch into the wort.
Let ferment.
UV lamps and hoods are unnecessary and were only used since I have them. Just do it quickly and carefully at your kitchen table and you’ll be perfectly fine.
Hopefully this was an interesting and helpful read for some of you guys.
Dry yeast poured into the bottle
Same bottle 15 minutes later ready for pitching
By bkyeast ¶ Posted in Media	¶ 6 Comments
I wrote before about making a yeast extract at home and I just realized that I never followed up on that. Turns out it’s actually a very good yeast growing medium. It’s been used in about 1:1 proportion with DME based starter to make a starters and the results were just unbelievable. At first the fermentation was so vigorous on a stirring plate that there was actually foam billowing out of the flask. When I first counted I thought there was something wrong and did the dilutions over again and ended up with the same counting results of up to 1.6E9 ml-1 i.e. about 1.5 trillion cells in a 1 liter starter. And that’s assuming 80% of the cells seen were viable (don’t feel like staining with trypan blue). It should probably be pointed out that this was tested with Brettanomyces. Since then the proportion has been cut to about 1/10 of the total volume in a usual DME based starter and seems to be working quite well.
Another thing to confirm the nutrient richness of this concoction is that I tried making plates with this extract. As some of you know if there are too much goodies in the agar it won’t solidify (for example high gravity wort). In the end I diluted that extract 10-fold and used twice the amount of agar and they were still too soft or not solidify at all.
From this I’d conclude that such yeast cake utilization is very nice for growing more yeast if you can do it. Perhaps there is something wrong with my calculations, but judging by the yeast sediments at the flask bottoms at least it’s way better than just DME based starter.
A bottle of home brewed yeast extract with some of my daily torture in the background
Free Brettanomyces Part 2
By bkyeast ¶ Posted in Announcement, Media, Sour Beers	¶ 8 Comments
I know it’s been a long time and some of you have contacted me regarding the possibility that this project is no longer active, but YES, it is still very active and is progressing! As I’m typing this there are two starters of C2 and C3 spinning on my desk. This weekend (most likely Sunday) I’ll bring some vials of each of these cultures to Brooklyn Homebrew for you Brett-heads to play with. Now, as before, you use these yeasts at your own risk and if your beer turns out horrible and poisonous I am not to blame. It would also be nice to get your tasting notes or even a bottle of whatever you added these bugs to. The yeast count won’t be too high in these vials so if you plan to use them as the main fermentor please make a starter.
A bit of preliminary data from 5ml and 35ml primary cultures:
C2: seems to be a slower grower, and probably a slower fermentor. Forms a pellicle, but not very quickly. Can’t really tell as to how dry it ferments. Perhaps the most interesting character of this yeast is the smell. I used it to inoculate 5 and 35ml cultures of both Luria Broth and a DME-based medium and in both cases it ended up smelling sweet and fruity with wild strawberries (Fragaria vesca) coming to mind most of all. At least that’s what I associate the smell with since I grew up picking those things in the forests and marshes. For those of you unfamiliar, imagine a strawberry aroma mixed with wood, earth, damp moss and other warm fuzzy fruits as well as a hint of the typical Brett funk. I don’t know how it would turn out in an actual beer, but I plan to try ASAP and will ferment a batch of blond ale with it as soon as I can brew it. For those of you who know what Luria Broth smells like, to turn THAT into fruits… Quite impressive. Fermenting DME-based medium ended up with same results only more pronounced fruitiness and funk. I’ll start raising a starter for my own brew as soon as I dispense this one into tubes for you guys.
Cantillon Iris (2007) C2
C3: seems to be a more vigorous fermentor than C2, raising more krausen and forming a pellicle faster. Again an interesting aroma – sour, funky and citrusy in LB; sour, citrusy, funky and very vinous (like dry white wine) in DME-based medium. Can’t tell you much beyond that. I’ll raise a starter for myself as well for a saison with obscene amounts of lemon/lime/orange peel additions that I have planned.
Cantillon Iris (2007) C3
As soon as that’s over with I’ll prepare starters of all three Cantillon yeasts I isolated as well as WYeast Berliner Blend Brett to mail to those of you outside NYC and we’ll discuss mailing and trading arrangements. I’ll make a post when that happens with my email so that you could contact me in that regard.


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94% Off @ Excel With Business | Groupon
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value: Groupon is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


text:
Antti Hautamäki: Frugal innovation - a new approach to sustainable innovation in emerging markets
Frugal innovation - a new approach to sustainable innovation in emerging markets
You can do profit even when prices are low if you could scale your products to "billion customers markets"
PS. By the way, the Innofrugal 2016 conference was more that just collecting experts to meet each other: Conference opened a new prospect for Finnish companies and public agencies to enlarge activities into emerging markets. Few years ago no one in Finland knew what frugal innovation is. I became familiar with the concept in 2010, when I visited Singapore and when professor Ruben Biswas visited at University of Jyväskylä.
Radjou, Navi, Jaideep C. Prabhu, Ahuja, Simone. "Jugaad Innovation: Think Frugal, Be Flexible, Generate Breakthrough Growth." San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass - Random House India, 2012.
Lähettänyt Antti Hautamäki klo 4.30
Frugal innovation - a new approach to sustainable ...

value: Blogger is an American online content management system (CMS) which enables multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003.


text:
This is Bisque: DIY | Oversized Sweater Reconstruction
This tutorial is to show you how I took an XL sweater and turned it into a more fitted sweater/sweater dress that's perfect for autumn!
Before: As you can see the shoulders were too wide, the sleeves were too long and the bottom was too baggy! (I thrifted this sweater for $5!)
After: much cuter!
- dress makers chalk (optional)
- sewing machine OR needle and thread
- serger (optional)
Step 1: Find a fitted shirt you already own that you like the fit of. Lay it down flat, backside up and measure the distance between the shoulder seams. Make sure you measure right at the top. If you don't have a shirt like that then have a friend help measure where you'd like your seams to be on your shoulders. My measurements were 15"
Step 2: Flip your sweater inside out and cut the sleeves off. Make sure you're cutting right along the stitching. As you can see in the photo above I have the back facing up. I will have it facing this way throughout the tutorial so you should do the same! Put the sleeves aside keeping note of which side they came from.
Step 3: Measure the distance between the top shoulder seams, subtract the measurement you got when you measured your fitted shirt and mark off the difference. For example: When I measured the sweater I got 17" and when I measured my fitted shirt I got 15" so the difference is 2" making the amount I take off each side 1" (half of 2"). I marked the inch in on each side with dress makers chalk (where the purple arrows are). If you don't have chalk use a pin.
Step 4: Pin the inside out sleeve to where you made your new markings (at the purple arrow) and pin the rest of the sleeve the same distance in (for me that was 1"). As you can see there's a spot at the bottom (at the measuring tape) that won't line up with the sleeve. This is fine, we'll fix this later. Repeat with the other sleeve.
Step 5: Using the sleeve as a guide cut the sweater until you reach the bottom of the sleeve (the purple arrow). Mark the bottom with chalk or a pin and un-pin the sleeves and trim off the excess fabric.
Step 6: You should now have something similar to the left side of this. Put a couple pins between the sleeve holes to prevent the fabric from shifting.
Step 7: Measure the distance from the edge of the sweater to where you made your mark in the previous step and add a pin, pointing the pin towards the bottom of the sweater.
Step 8: Continue the last step all along the edge of the sweater so you have a rough line marked out with pins. Repeat on the other side.
Step 9: Cut along the edge of the pins. You'll end up with a similar shape to the picture above. Feel free to carefully flip the sweater right side out and try it on to see if everything is fitting properly so far. Make sure you flip it inside out again for the next step.
Step 10: Flip the pins so they're facing towards the inside of the sweater. Sew up to the bottom of the sleeve holes!
Step 11: Here's where it starts getting a little harder. Take one of your sleeves and flip it so it's right side out. Notice with the arrows above that the body of the sweater is inside out and the sleeves are right side out. Click the photo to zoom!
Step 12: Now put one of your right side out sleeves into the sweater making sure the sleeve seam is facing towards the bottom of the sweater.
Step 13: Pin the sleeve to the sleeve opening on the sweater starting at the sweater's shoulder seam and the top of the sleeve. As pictured above my thumb is pointing to the top shoulder seam of the sweater and the arrow is pointing to the first pin I added.
Step 14: Pin all along the sleeve opening until you get to the bottom seam of the sleeve (arrow closest to my thumb). Notice that there is a little extra fabric that won't be able to be pinned to the sleeve opening. The arrow to the right is pointing to the top of the seam you made on the side of the sweater.
Step 15: Keep pinning on either side of the sleeve seam until the sleeve is fully closed. Make sure you're lining up the sleeve seam (left arrow) with the side sweater seam (right arrow). Notice how you now have a sort of sideways 'Y' shape? Pin the sweater together at the bottom of the 'Y' so that the sweater will sit flush to the sleeve. This will be your marker pin for the next step.
Step 16: Remove all the pins except for your marker pin and lay your sweater flat again, inside out and backside up. Start at your marker pin (top arrow) and sew down the sweater about 1/4-1/2 way (along the dotted line) down to the edge sweater. If you have a serger, serge along the edge of your sweater and along this new seam.
Step 17: Repeat steps 11 to 13 except when you start pinning start your first pin at the bottom seam of the sleeve and the newly altered side seam of the sweater, the armpit (pictured above). Pin all around the sleeve opening. With your new alterations your sleeve opening should match up perfectly and there won't be any extra fabric like in step 14.
Step 18: Sew all along the sleeve opening, starting your new seam where the other seams match up at the armpit. If you have a serger, serge this part as well!
Hope you enjoyed my first DIY tutorial! It might be a little confusing, but I basically just documented exactly how I did it. I'm sure there are professional tailors out there cringing at my terrible alteration skills ha ha ha!
PS if you like my nail art there is a tutorial here: Rainbow Pop Art Nails!
Jennifer Rapp PetersonJanuary 2, 2013 at 8:06 AMI love this! Thank you for posting. Did you take the sweather sleeves?ReplyDeleteRepliesBisqueJanuary 2, 2013 at 12:04 PMI'm glad you like it ^_^ When I took the shoulders in it also shortens the sleeves. You can shorten the sleeves even more by cutting off a little bit of the sleeve where it'll connect to the shoulder. Just cut along the edge a little bit!DeleteReplyBurtFebruary 17, 2013 at 10:02 PMHi, I'm gonna also attempt this on an oversized cardigan. Do you have any suggestions on how to add length to sleeves. The sleeves are short and I wouldn't want them getting shorter. Great stuff btw :)ReplyDeleteRepliesBisqueFebruary 17, 2013 at 11:55 PMI'm glad you're going to attempt it! Unfortunately this method will shorten the sleeves as well. The only thing I can think of is adding a decorative cuff in a different fabric or with the left over fabric from taking it in. I hope that helps!DeleteReplyAdd commentLoad more...
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cheshire7venom | Horror, films, | Page 2
Source: Wyrmwood: Road of The Dead (2014)
Crimson Quill’s Appraisal #468
Release Date: 19 September 2014 (Fantastic Fest), 12 February 2015
Sub-Genre: Zombie/Road Movie
Special Effects: Gavin Kyle, Adam Sanders, Nicolle Adrichem
Visual Effects: Arseny Rudchenko
Editing: Kiah Roache-Turner
Distributor: IFC Midnight, Scream Factory
Stars: Jay Gallagher, Bianca Bradey, Leon Burchill, Keith Agius, Berynn Schwerdt, Luke McKenzie, Cain Thompson, Damian Dyke, Catherine Terracini, Meganne West, Yure Covich, Beth Aubrey, Sheridan Harbridge
MetallicaFuel
I love it when a plan comes together. Brothers Kiah & Tristan Roache-Turner must be over the moon after showing what a little hard graft and dedication can achieve. Their crowdfunded zombie road movie, Wyrmwood: Road of The Dead, is the epitome of a labor of love…
Source: Drive Angry (2010)
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on February 8, 2016 by cheshire7venomcheshirevenom.
EverlastStone In My Hand
Road rage is a disease. I’ve seen what it can do to a man and it ain’t pretty. We may suffer from a brittle bone condition which means that taking a…
Extended Lines.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on April 12, 2015 by cheshire7venomcheshirevenom.
Please read Stunning
For all your essential Horror viewing
Harry ManfrediniFriday The 13th
The eighties slasher will always hold a special place in Keeper’s bloody beating heart. It’s where I earned my stripes as a film aficionado and many of my favorite movies from the epoch bear its mantle. Thus, in my infinite wisdom, I have compiled a thirteen-strong shortlist of the highlights of this thriving decade. This rundown will not take into account sequels, hence the decision not to include Rick Rosenthal’s masterful Halloween II or Joseph Zito’s similarly notable Friday The 13th Part VI: The Final Chapter.
After much deliberation I have decided to refrain from paying reverence to Wes Craven’s enigmatic dream weaver Freddy Kruger. This is neither an oversight or an act of defiance by Keeper; simply a decision that A Nightmare on Elm Street not quite fit this particular criteria. Besides, we all know Fred by now; how much can…
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on April 10, 2015 by cheshire7venomcheshirevenom.


text:
Patent US6891792 - Method for estimating time and frequency offset in an OFDM system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsThe synchronization technique invention uses inherent characteristics of the frequency domain representation of the data symbols. By computing a differential-in-frequency function across a large number of OFDM tones, robust estimates of time and frequency offset can be easily obtained. The technique...http://www.google.com/patents/US6891792?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6891792 - Method for estimating time and frequency offset in an OFDM systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6891792 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/311,562Publication dateMay 10, 2005Filing dateMay 14, 1999Priority dateMay 14, 1999Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS7310302, US7990839, US20050169165, US20080063101Publication number09311562, 311562, US 6891792 B1, US 6891792B1, US-B1-6891792, US6891792 B1, US6891792B1InventorsLeonard Joseph Cimini, Jr., Bruce Edwin McNairOriginal AssigneeAt&T Corp.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (31), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod for estimating time and frequency offset in an OFDM systemUS 6891792 B1Abstract The synchronization technique invention uses inherent characteristics of the frequency domain representation of the data symbols. By computing a differential-in-frequency function across a large number of OFDM tones, robust estimates of time and frequency offset can be easily obtained. The technique also allows the system designer to directly trade performance in the presence of channel impairments against signal processing complexity. Analysis and simulation have shown good performance in the presence of noise and channel delay dispersion, impairments that are the harshest in a wireless environment.
Prior techniques for OFDM synchronization have focussed on the time domain representation of the signal. Those that have recognized the translation of time and frequency offset to the frequency domain have not considered the systematic modification of the signal by the offsets.
1. A receiver system including a front-end stage that develops a plurality of individually modulated carriers, and a following stage, characterized in that:
said front-end stage receives an incoming signal, develops an offset measure-by developing signals related to said incoming signals and employing a plurality of modulated carriers created from a transformation into frequency domain of said signals related to said incoming signals, which offset measure participates in creating said signals related to said incoming signals. 2. The system of claim 1, where said offset measure is a timing offset, and said processing operates on a plurality of pairs of said modulated carriers from said plurality of modulated carriers, taking account of frequency separation between carriers within each of said pairs.
3. The system of claim 2, where the individually modulated transmission carriers are Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed carriers.
4. The system of claim 2 where said processing on said plurality of pairs develops a set of results, and develops said timing offset from the set of results.
5. The system of claim 4, where carriers of a pair in said pairs are adjacent to each other in the frequency.
6. The system of claim 4, where carriers of a pair in said pairs are equally spaced in the frequency domain, but not adjacent to each other.
7. The system of claim 6 where the processor, in computing the timing offset, computes differences in phase between said received carriers.
8. The system of claim 4, where carriers of a pair in said pairs are not equally spaced in the frequency domain.
9. The system of claim 4 where said timing offset between any pair of modulated carriers is developed by raising the complex representation of the modulated carriers to an integer power.
10. The system of claim 9 where the carriers are modulated by an N-level phase modulation scheme, and the carriers are raised to the Nth power.
11. The system of claim 10 where the modulation is Quadrature Phase Shift Keying and the carriers are raised to the fourth power.
12. The system of claim 1 where said offset measure is a frequency offset that is developed by computing phases of said plurality of modulated carriers.
13. The system of claim 1 where the plurality of modulated carries are used in combination to determine said offset measure with the contribution of each carrier weighted according to its accuracy.
14. The system of claim 13 where the accuracy of each carrier's contribution is determined based on the carrier's amplitude.
15. The system of claim 14 where, for each carrier, the carrier's amplitude and phase, represented by a complex number in a Cartesian coordinate system, is summed with the other carriers' complex representation to yield a composite vector, representing the composite amplitude and phase; said processor further employing the phase of this composite vector to create a frequency synchronization signal.
16. The system of claim 15 where the carriers' modulating data signals are known by the receivers and can be used to determine the precise transmitter carriers' phases.
17. The system of claim 15 where the carriers' modulating data signals are not known by the receivers but can be estimated by attempting to demodulate the carriers and then used to estimate the transmit carriers' phases.
18. The system of claim 15 where the carriers' modulating data signals are not known by the receivers but where the effect of the modulation can be removed from the carriers without demodulating the carriers.
19. The system of claim 18 where the means to remove the carriers' data modulation is by raising the complex representation of the carrier amplitude and phase to an integer power.
20. The system of claim 19 where the modulation of the carriers is by N level phase modulation and the data modulation is removed by raising the complex representation of the carrier amplitude and phase to the Nth power.
21. The system of claim 20 where the modulation is a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying and the data modulation is removed by raising the complex representation of the carrier amplitude and phase to the fourth power.
This patent application is related to U.S. Ser. No. 09/128,738 filed Aug. 5, 1998 by Alamouti, Stolarz, & Becker entitled �Vertical Antenna Adaptive Array�, and U.S. Ser. No. 08/796,584 by Alamouti et al., entitled �Method for Frequency Division Duplex Communications,� assigned to AT&T Wireless Services and incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method to synchronize a multicarrier transmission system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Synchronization techniques for OFDM have been extensively studied: obtaining good performance under a variety of channel conditions with minimal signal processing is challenging. A good OFDM synchronization technique will be applicable to more than the wireless high speed data communications system currently being studied�OFDM is being used or being considered in a variety of LEC networks in the form of ADSL, in Digital Audio Broadcast systems, in cable modems, and in digital television systems. OFDM is a special case of multicarrier transmission systems. The techniques described herein are generally applicable to other forms of multicarrier systems, e.g., discrete multitone (DMT) systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention uses inherent characteristics of the frequency domain representation of the data symbols. By computing a differential-in-frequency function across a large number of OFDM tones, robust estimates of time and frequency offset can be easily obtained. The technique also allows the system designer to directly trade performance in the presence of channel impairments against signal processing complexity. Analysis and simulation have shown good performance in the presence of noise and channel delay dispersion, impairments that are the harshest in a wireless environment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 is a block diagram of OFDM transmitter.
FIG. 8 shows the phase vs. tone number with {fraction (1/10)}th tone frequency offset.
DISCUSSION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT I. Introduction
In an OFDM system, a single higher speed bit stream is separated into a multiplicity of slower speed bit streams, each of the slower bit streams used to modulate one of a set of carriers. The carriers are chosen within a single bandwidth and, for an OFDM system, with their inter-tone spacing chosen to insure orthogonality of the resulting combined waveforms. Generic multicarrier systems are not bound by the strict othogonality constraints but, for ease of implementation will often use very similar techniques to the OFDM system described herein. By designing the transmission in this way, the benefit of low symbol rates can be attained without the penalty of dense constellations�each individual carrier has a sparse constellation, often QPSK. The total capacity of the OFDM system is determined by the union of a large number of these individually sparse constellations. Typically, the OFDM transmitter would be implemented by generating a series of complex numbers, representing the phase of the individual tones, and using the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) to convert the series of tones into a time domain waveform. For practical reasons, in order to make the analog reconstruction and antialiasing filters realizable, the size of the IDFT (or more often the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)) is usually larger than the number of tones. In addition, extra samples are prepended and appended to the transformed waveform. These �cyclic prefix� and �cyclic suffix� samples make the transmitted signal more robust against time dispersion and timing offset�as long as the received signal, plus its various delayed copies, are sampled within the cyclic extension, the constant amplitude of the received spectrum will be preserved. At the transmitter, the summation of a large number of sinusoids can generate a signal with a large peak-to-average waveform. A peak control function is used to minimize this effect, relaxing the requirements on RF amplifier stages. FIG. 1 shows a simplified block diagram of an OFDM transmitter.
Modulated tones occupy only the first group of input tones to the IFFT (about one third of the total number of tones for the OFDM system here). The rest of the IFFT inputs are set to zero, insuring that the output waveform has no signal energy at higher frequencies and thus oversampling the resulting waveform. As stated above, this simplifies the requirement for antialiasing filtering of the final waveform. Besides this oversampling, other redundant information is added to the OFDM waveform�the IFFT waveform samples are cyclically extended both before and after the desired set of samples. For an N point IFFT, the cyclically extended suffix samples are simply copied from the beginning of the waveform as (In the equations here, upper case letters indicate signal representations in the frequency domain. Lower case letters indicate the time domain):
x i+N =x i The cyclic prefix is computed similarly, copying the samples at the end of the waveform to the front of the extended waveform.
Two other segments that are added to the IFFT waveform are the windowed section and the guard interval. The guard interval is a period during which the transmitted samples are all zero. At the expense of a slightly reduced transmission efficiency, the presence of this guard interval helps to insure that the samples received during a given OFDM block are not contaminated with delayed samples from a previous block. Since the OFDM system described here will be used in packet mode, it is expected that the transmitter will be turned on and off during each OFDM burst. To prevent the radiated signal from �splattering� outside of its assigned channel, �windowing� of the OFDM samples is used. By shaping the transmitter ramp up and ramp down with a raised cosine pulse shape, the system bandwidth is confined to little more than the bandwidth occupied by the set of OFDM tones alone. Windowing also reduces the system's sensitivity to frequency offset and doppler by reducing the amplitude of the interference contribution from adjacent tones. FIG. 2 OFDM block structure illustrates these items and provides the particular parameters used for the system described here.
Frequency offset has a different effect on the received waveform. While the OFDM transmitter generated orthogonal tones by creating a specific linear harmonic relationship between all the tones, frequency offset shifts each tone by an equal amount, creating an affine relationship between tone frequencies, thus destroying the linear harmonic structure and creating inter-tone interference. Like inter-symbol interference in a single carrier system, frequency offset allows energy from adjacent tones to �bleed� into a desired tone, reducing system performance.
As an example of a practical system, the OFDM system here is intended to provide peak end user data rates of up to 384 kb/s. As shown in FIG. 2, this system transmits OFDM bursts with a duration of 288.462 μsec. The 512 FFT samples represent the transform of 189 discrete complex tones. These 189 tones are spaced every 4.232 kHz (skipping the three tones nearest the center frequency), so the total bandwidth is 812.5 kHz. With QPSK modulation on each complex tone, this means that the raw channel rate is 1.3104 Mb/s. With a rate � Reed-Solomon code plus framing and control overhead, the peak end user capacity of 384 kb/s is easily attained.
Schmidtl's and Cox's papers in the IEEE Transactions on Communications and in the Proceedings of the International Communications Conference define techniques for estimating time and frequency offset based on signal processing in the time domain, using �pilot� signals. While the pilot signals are useful for establishing a reference for calculating synchronization parameters, they require that transmit energy be expended and signal bandwidth be consumed that could have been used to transmit end user information.
Moose's technique similarly requires repetition of an OFDM block, essentially using one of the repetitions as a �pilot� signal. Frequency offset is computed by comparing samples of the first block to the second in the time domain. This technique is only used for frequency offset estimation. It does not address the need for time synchronization.
Finally, van der Beek, et. al., describe a timing synchronization technique that relies on inherent redundancy in the OFDM time domain waveform. Because the cyclic extension of the FFT samples are simply ordered copies of other samples in the waveform, this technique relies on computing the time correlation between the repeated samples to estimate the timing offset. [J.-J. van de Beek, M. Sandell, M. Isaksson, and P. Borjesson, �Low-complex frame synchronization in OFDM systems,� in Proc. ICUPC, November 1995, pp. 982-986.] There are relatively few cyclically extended samples in the OFDM block, so the robustness to noise may be somewhat limited, processing a single OFDM block.
To understand how timing offset has changed the received signal, first consider an OFDM waveform xn, generated from a series of OFDM tones, Xm: x n = 1 N � ∑ m = 0 N - 1  X m � ⅇ j � 2 � π � n � m N At the OFDM receiver, the waveform is assumed to have a timing offset, Δt. By the shifting property of the Fourier Transform, a time delayed signal in the time domain
r(t)=x(t−Δt) Has as its transform:
R(f)=X(f)�e −j�2�π�f�Δt So, as demonstrated in FIG. 5, it can be seen that the time delay has caused a phase rotation in the frequency domain that increases linearly with frequency. Consider how the Discrete Fourier Transform of the sampled receive signal is affected by timing offset: R n = X n � ⅇ j � 2 � π � n � Δ   t N For any adjacent pair of tones, Ri and Ri+1, Δ   t = N 2 � π � ( arg  ( R i ) - arg  ( R i + 1 ) ) This suggests an approach that could be used to estimate the amount of timing offset: measure the differential phase from one tone to the next and adjust the sampling point to compensate. It is instructive to note that as shown in FIG. 5 and in the equation above, timing offset has created the same phase difference between every pair of tones: Ri and Ri+1. This means that, while noise and other impairments may perturb the individual tone phases, there is a systematic change in phase from tone to tone due to timing offset. By estimating timing offset across many or all the adjacent tone pairs in a burst, it is feasible to accurately estimate the timing offset in the presence of a collection of other impairments: frequency offset, noise, fading, delay spread/frequency selective fading, etc. Particular performance results are presented in the next section. Of course, the same inherent characteristics that cause each adjacent pair of tones to exhibit the identical phase difference also cause each tone pair separated by N other tones to exhibit a phase difference that is different than that between adjacent tones, but also identical to all other N tone separated tone pairs. Further, if it is necessary for the receiver to avoid using certain tones for phase estimation, it is possible to account for the missing tones by appropriately scaling the phase differences. Note�for the purposes of this description, the terms �tone� and �carrier� are interchangeable, the latter term being preferred for generic multicarrier systems, the former used in the context of OFDM systems.
Having addressed timing offset, a technique to estimate frequency offset is needed. FIG. 8 shows the OFDM signal phase versus frequency, this time with a frequency offset of {fraction (1/10)}th the tone spacing. While the discrete QPSK phase levels are still evident, two effects can be seen: First, all the tones' phases are shifted uniformly on average. Second, there is a slow variation of phase across the OFDM spectrum, giving the appearance that the frequency offset is creating beat frequencies with the individual tones. By averaging across a number of tones, the second effect can be removed, leaving the phase offset on each tone as a predictor of frequency offset. As it was for timing offset, while noise and other impairments may affect individual tone phases, the systematic change in tone phase is present for all tone pairs and can be combined to obtain a robust estimate.
As before, assume that a series of samples, xn, are generated at the transmitter. With a frequency offset of Δf the received samples, rn, are: r n = x n � ⅇ j � 2 � π � n � Δ   f N or, combining this with the previous expression for the received tones, R n = 1 N � ∑ m = 0 N - 1  ( x m � ⅇ j � 2 � π � m � Δ   f N ) � ⅇ - j � 2 � π � n � m N As was used for estimating timing offset, frequency offset is similarly estimated by calculating the average phase of the ensemble of the received tones. Again, the 4th power signals may be used to remove the modulation. Alternatively, the other techniques described earlier may be employed to estimate the transmitter phase based on known or inferred transmit data. As was the case for timing offset, it is possible to calculate either the phase of the average signal or the average of the phases of the individual signals. For moderate amounts of frequency offset (less than 70% of the tone spacing), either technique works well. In fact, the lower complexity estimate (phase of the mean signal) tolerates larger frequency offsets well�more than 10% of the tone spacing. For typical OFDM systems, frequency offsets and Doppler shifts will generally be a fraction of the tone spacing.
r n =x n �e j�Δφ So the received tones are given by: R n = 1 N � ∑ m = 0 N - 1  ( x n � ⅇ j � Δ   ϕ ) � ⅇ - j � 2 � π � m � n N The constant rotation factor can be factored out of the summation, indicating that a constant phase rotation of the baseband waveform results in a uniform rotation of each of the transformed tones.
A constant phase offset in the channel gives the same appearance to the received signal constellation that frequency offset produces. By measuring the rotation of the constellation and driving that parameter to zero by modifying the baseband rotator's phase updates, both frequency offset as well as phase rotation of the channel will be compensated for. Actually, in terms of the final signal constellation, the phase rotation caused by frequency and phase offset will not be the limiting factors�a system which uses differential (in time) detection of the signal phase is immune to fixed or (moderate amounts of) changing rotation. The most significant degradation caused by frequency offset is the inter-tone interference caused by the loss of orthogonality, which only requires that the frequency offset be approximated�phase lock is not essential.
White Gaussian noise Frequency offset while making timing offset estimates delay spread/frequency selective fading. These impairments were simulated using Mathcad both individually and in various combinations. Results are presented below.
First, AWGN was simulated at varying signal to noise ratios. Even when the SNR was 6 dB, giving a 4th power differential in frequency constellation as shown in FIG. 9, the timing offset estimator was able to track the timing offset based on one OFDM block. Table I shows some representative timing offset estimates at various SNRs and different timing offsets for the two measures (phase of mean and mean of phase).
(fraction of tone
While these numbers show the overall performance of the timing offset estimator, it is instructive to examine the signal constellation that the estimator is working with. FIG. 10 shows the effect on the differential in frequency constellation due to a large amount of simultaneous timing and frequency offset. It can be seen that, while the timing offset causes the constellation to �twist,� the frequency offset creates a variation in amplitude (due to inter-tone interference) that causes the constellation points to create loci of points originating at (−1,0). In spite of this amplitude variation, the centroids of the twisted constellation points are essentially unchanged.
Finally, simulations of the timing offset estimator were run with delay spread. In one representative experiment, two equal rays with a spacing of 20.8 μsec (46 samples) were generated. With 10 samples of timing offset, it would be expected that the estimator would indicate that 18 samples of correction was needed1. With a 10 dB SNR and 0.1 tone frequency offset, the timing offset estimator indicated 15.7 samples for the mean of the phase estimate and 19.8 samples for the phase of the mean estimate. As shown by the real-time DSP results, delay spread has minimal effect on the timing recovery algorithm.
1 With 10 samples of timing offset in the opposite direction to the 46 samples delay spread, the centroid of the channel response would be (46−10)/2=18 samples from the initial sampling point. The frequency offset estimator was next tried under simulated channel conditions. It is first worth noting, however, that it is not possible to estimate the frequency offset in the presence of timing offset. Timing offset creates an ever-increasing rotation of the tone signal constellation, making phase measurements meaningless. So, for the remaining simulations, it is assumed that either the timing offset has been adjusted to zero by adjusting the sample clock or the individual tones have been rotated by the proper amount to compensate for the timing offset.
First consider the effect of noise. In FIG. 11, observe an arbitrary set of tone phases. It is assumed that tone and tonei+2 provide good estimates of the timing phase, but tonei+1 is a noisier signal, giving a poorer estimate of timing phase. Since the tone phases are being differentially compared to determine the overall timing phase estimate, it can be seen that the positive bias in comparing tonei to tonei+1 will tend to cancel the negative bias in comparing tonei+1 to tonei+2. Thus, as the simulations revealed, good timing estimates can be expected in rather poor SNR conditions. Further, since all of the tone phases have the same systematic bias due to timing offset, the overall timing estimate will magnify this. Meanwhile, although analysis suggests that there is correlation between adjacent noise samples, in combination, the noise correlation across the entire band of frequencies is small and does not seem to disrupt the timing estimate.
The wireless delay dispersive channel that this OFDM system must endure creates frequency selective fading. From this, one might suspect that tones which are in the middle of a frequency null will have poor SNR and cannot be relied on to provide accurate phase estimates to drive the timing algorithm. Worse, the attenuation of one tone generally alters two phase estimates�if tonei+1 is near an amplitude null, the phase estimate derived from comparing tones to tonei+1 as well as the phase estimate obtained from tonei+1 and tonei+2 may both be corrupted. Experimental results have shown remarkable performance in the presence of this frequency selective fading. Even when large clusters of tones are suppressed, the timing recovery algorithm performs well. Understanding why this was so provided additional insight into the power of this algorithm.
As shown, each tone is used to estimate the phase of its neighbor. This is done by multiplying the complex conjugate of the first tone with the second tone. This process preserves amplitude information. By collecting the sums of the real and imaginary parts separately, each differential tone pair adds to the phase estimate with an imaginary component proportional to the phase difference and to the amplitude. Further, each differential tone pair contributes to the real component proportionally to the amplitudes of the two tones. Thus, low amplitude, faded, and, probably noisy tones make a much smaller contribution to the overall timing estimate than do high amplitude, most likely clean tones do. The result is that frequency selective fading (i.e., a time dispersive channel) has little effect on the timing estimate. Further, since this algorithm raises the differential signal to the 4 power to remove QPSK modulation, any amplitude differences between tone pairs will be further accentuated.
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Van De Beek, et al., "Low Complex Frame Synchronization in OFDM Systems," Proc. ICUPC, Nov. 1995, pp. 982-986.6Ji Sung Oh et al., "A Carrier Synchronization Technique for OFDM on the Frequency-Selective Fading Environment," 1996 IEEE 46<SUP>th </SUP>Vehicular Technology Conference, Atlanta, GA, Apr. 28-May 1, 1996; pp. 1574-1578.7J-J Van De Beek, et al., "ML Estimation of Time and Frequency Offset in OFDM Systems," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 45, No. 7, Jul. 1997; pp. 1800-1805.8Keon Woo Kang et al., "Decision-Directed Maximum-Likelihood Estimation of OFDM Frame Synchronization Offset," Electronics Letters, Dec. 8, 1994, vol. 30, No. 25, pp. 2153-2154.9Laszlo Hazy and Mohammed El-Tanany, "Synchronization of OFDM Systems Over Frequency Selective Fading Channels," 1997 IEEE 47<SUP>th </SUP>Vehicular Technology Conference, Phoenix, AZ, May 4-7, 1997; pp. 2094-2098.10Marco Luise and Ruggero Reggiannini, "Carrier Frequency Acquisition and Tracking for OFDM Systems," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 44, No. 11, Nov. 1996, pp. 1590-1598.11Masato Mizoguchi, et al., "A Fast Burst Synchronization Scheme for OFDM," IEEE 1998 International Conference on Universal Personal Communications (ICUPC '98), Oct. 5-9, 1998, Florence, Italy, pp. 125-129.12Michael Speth, et al., "Minimum Overhead Burst Synchronization for OFDM Based Broadband Transmission," IEEE Globecom 1998, Conference Record-vol. 5 of 6, Nov. 8-12, 1998, Sydney, pp. 2777-2782.13Minoru Okada et al., "Optimum Synchronization of Orthogonal Multi-Carrier Modulated Signals," PIMRC'96, Oct. 15-18, 1996, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 863-867.14Paul H. Moose, "A Technique for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Frequency Offset Correction," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vo. 42, No. 10, Oct. 1994, pp. 2908-2914.15Rohit Negi and John Cioffi, "Blind OFDM Symbol Synchronization in ISI Channels," IEEE Globecom 1998, Conference Record-vol. 5 of 6, Nov. 8-12, 1998, pp. 2812-2817.16T. Keller et al., "Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Synchronization Techniques for Wireless Local Area Networks," PIMRC'96, Oct. 15-18, 1996, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 963-967.17Thierry Pollet et al, "The BER Performance of OFDM Systems Using Non-Synchronized Sampling," Proc. Globecom, Nov. 1994, pp. 253-257.18Thierry Pollet et al., "BER Sensitivity of OFDM systems to Carrier Frequency Offset and Wiener Phase Noise," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 43, No. 2/3/4, Feb./Mar./Apr. 1995; pp. 191-193.19Timothy M. Schmidl and Donald C. Cox, "Low-Overhead, Low-Complexity [Burst] Synchronization for OFDM", Proc. ICC, Jun. 1996, pp. 1301-1306.20Timothy M. Schmidl and Donald C. Cox, "Robust Frequency and Timing Synchronization for OFDM," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 45, No. 12, Dec. 1997, pp. 1613-1621.21Uwe Lambrette, et al., "OFDM Burst Frequency Synchronization by Single Carrier Training Data," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 1, No. 2, Mar. 1997, pp. 46-48.22William D. Warner et al., "OFDM/FM Frame Synchronization for Mobile Radio Data Communication," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 42, No. 3, Aug. 1993, pp. 302-313.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7012881 *Dec 29, 2000Mar 14, 2006Samsung Electronic Co., Ltd.Timing and frequency offset estimation scheme for OFDM systems by using an analytic toneUS7023928 *Aug 6, 2001Apr 4, 2006Lucent Technologies Inc.Synchronization of a pilot assisted channel estimation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systemUS7180937 *Nov 20, 2002Feb 20, 2007Agilent Technologies, Inc.Method for determining imbalance in a vector signal modulatorUS7190731 *Jun 16, 2003Mar 13, 2007Conexant, Inc.System and method for applying transmit windowing in ADSL+networksUS7215715 *Jul 6, 2001May 8, 2007Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.System and method of signal wave shaping for spectrum control of an OFDM signalUS7272175 *May 1, 2002Sep 18, 2007Dsp Group Inc.Digital phase locked loopUS7414963 *Apr 4, 2005Aug 19, 2008Staccato Communications, Inc.Dynamic zero suffix additionUS7415090 *Jan 26, 2005Aug 19, 2008Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method and device for loop timing recovery based on maximum constellation signalUS7453792 *Nov 14, 2003Nov 18, 2008Edgewater Computer Systems, Inc.Receiver architecture for pilot based OFDM systemsUS7551677 *Aug 6, 2003Jun 23, 2009Crawford James AOFDM pilot tone tracking for wireless LANUS7606331 *May 11, 2005Oct 20, 2009Nokia CorporationFrequency offset compensation in radio receiverUS7715484 *Dec 9, 2005May 11, 2010Industrial Technology Research InstituteOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing with PN-sequenceUS7738600Aug 20, 2007Jun 15, 2010Dsp Group Inc.Digital phase locked loopUS7756217 *Dec 21, 2005Jul 13, 2010Broadcom CorporationMethod and system for a robust initialization symbol for digital duplexingUS7778336 *Aug 9, 2005Aug 17, 2010Marvell International Ltd.Timing and frequency synchronization of OFDM signals for changing channel conditionsUS7839759 *Jul 5, 2002Nov 23, 2010Panasonic CorporationRadio communication apparatus and radio communication methodUS7873111Dec 13, 2005Jan 18, 2011Motorola Mobility, Inc.Method and system for synchoronizing a receiver in an OFDM systemUS7894325Nov 14, 2008Feb 22, 2011Edgewater Computer Systems, Inc.Receiver architecture for pilot based OFDM systemsUS8135091Aug 22, 2006Mar 13, 2012Cohda Wireless Pty Ltd.Method and system for communication in a wireless networkUS8472570Jan 24, 2012Jun 25, 2013Cohda Wireless Pty Ltd.Method and system for communication in a wireless networkUS8509208Aug 8, 2008Aug 13, 2013Qualcomm IncorporatedFrequency error estimationUS8665736 *Feb 27, 2009Mar 4, 2014Intel CorporationMAC slot alignment among multiple wireless stationsUS20100220610 *Feb 27, 2009Sep 2, 2010Qinghua LiMac slot alignment among multiple wireless stationsUS20120263167 *Jun 22, 2012Oct 18, 2012Qualcomm IncorporatedTiming and frequency acquisition for wireless networksCN1852281BJan 23, 2006Jun 9, 2010北京邮电大学;北京三星通信技术研究有限公司Synchronizing method for quadrature frequency division multiple access systemCN101022438BMar 30, 2006Dec 14, 2011北京新岸线移动通信技术有限公司兼容dab的数字广播接收机载波同步系统CN101411108BDec 12, 2006Nov 21, 2012摩托罗拉移动公司Method and system for synchronizing a receiver in an OFDM systemWO2007022564A1 *Aug 22, 2006Mar 1, 2007Cohda Wireless Pty LtdMethod and system for communication in a wireless networkWO2007067018A1 *Dec 11, 2006Jun 14, 2007Korea Electronics TelecommApparatus for estimating time and frequency offset using antenna diversity in ofdm communication system and method thereofWO2007070605A2 *Dec 12, 2006Jun 21, 2007Motorola IncMethod and system for synchronizing a receiver in an ofdm systemWO2009099913A1 *Jan 30, 2009Aug 13, 2009Qualcomm IncFrequency error estimation* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification370/206, 375/346, 375/362, 375/280, 370/210, 370/503, 375/260International ClassificationH04L27/26Cooperative ClassificationH04L27/2679, H04L27/2657, H04L27/2662, H04L27/2655European ClassificationH04L27/26M5C, H04L27/26M5C5, H04L27/26M5C3Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 4, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 6, 2009ASAssignmentOwner name: AT&T INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY II, L.P., NEVADAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AT&T PROPERTIES, LLC;REEL/FRAME:022928/0276Effective date: 20090522May 29, 2009ASAssignmentOwner name: AT&T PROPERTIES, LLC, NEVADAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AT&T CORP.;REEL/FRAME:022856/0780Effective date: 20090522Owner name: AT&T PROPERTIES, LLC,NEVADAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AT&T CORP.;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100329;REEL/FRAME:22856/780Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AT&T CORP.;REEL/FRAME:22856/780Sep 18, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Apr 18, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: AT&T CORP, NEW YORKFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF 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2012 UEFA European Under-17 Championship elite round - Wikipedia
2012 UEFA European Under-17 Championship elite round
(Redirected from 2012 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship elite round)
Main article: 2012 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship
2012 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship elite round was the second round of qualifications for the final tournament of UEFA U-17 Championship 2012. The 28 teams advancing from the qualifying round were distributed into seven groups of four teams each, with each group contesting in a round-robin format, with one of the four teams hosting all six group games. The seven group-winning teams automatically qualified for the final tournament in Slovenia.
The draw for the elite round was held on 29 November 2011 in Nyon. Each team was placed in one of four drawing pots, according to their qualifying round results. The seven sides with the best records were placed in Pot A, and so forth until Pot D, which contained the seven teams with the weakest records. During the draw, each group was filled with one team from every pot, with the only restriction being that teams that played each other in the first qualifying round can not be drawn into the same group again.
France 1 − 0
Chemlal 71'
Referee: Vitali Meshkov (Russia)
Sweden 2 − 0
Tanković 5', 20'
Referee: Orel Greenfeld (Israel)
Italy 0 − 0
Stade de l'Argenté, Mont-de-Marsan
Corentin 19'
Martial 40+2'
Tarashaj 68'
Stade André Darriguade, Dax
Sweden 1 − 3
Zeneli 70'
Corentin 40'
Martial 62'
Said 73'
Switzerland 1 − 2
Tarashaj 73'
Cerri 70'
Tutino 74'
Czech Republic 0 − 2
Rabiega 35'
Stępiński 48'
Achille Hammerel, Luxembourg
Referee: Michael Johansen (Denmark)
Belarus 1 − 1
Kaplenko 68'
Steinmetz 65'
John Grün, Mondorf-les-Bains
Poland v Belarus
Poland 2 − 0
Stępiński 3'
Cierpka 16'
Czech Republic v Luxembourg
Czech Republic 2 − 1
Matoušek 38'
Chorý 78'
Holter 80+2'
Belarus v Czech Republic
Belarus 0 − 0
Luxembourg v Poland
Luxembourg 1 − 3
Thill 18'
Łasicki 32'
Cierpka 55'
Linetty 73'
Spain 1 − 1
Sáez 59'
Chechelashvili 2' (pen.)
Mikheil Meskhi, Tbilisi
England 1 − 0
Chambers 56'
Boris Paichadze, Tbilisi
Georgia v England
Georgia 1 − 0
Papunashvili 80+4'
Spain 2 − 2
Calero 19'
Bustos 72'
Tyshchenko 8'
Bilonoh 71'
England 0 − 4
Calero 45'
Grimaldo 47'
Samper 57'
Gayà 80+4'
Ukraine 0 − 1
Mzevashvili 6'
Germany 4 − 0
Meyer 20'
Çağıran 29' (o.g.)
Benkarit 74'
Lohkemper 79'
Sportpark am Vinnenweg, Bremen
Portugal 0 − 0
Germany v Bulgaria
Germany 2 − 1
Meyer 7', 18'
Tsonev 57'
Turkey 0 − 3
Podstawski 15'
Rodrigues 39' (pen.)
A. Silva 62'
BSA Obervieland, Bremen
Bulgaria v Turkey
Bulgaria 2 − 0
Dryanov 13'
Angelov 18'
Serbia 1 − 0
Jokić 66'
Netherlands v Albania
Netherlands 4 − 0
Vilhena 37', 47'
Haye 49'
Vloet 52'
Serbia 3 − 0
Simić 32'
Veljković 58'
Janković 67'
Referee: Andranik Arsenyan (Armenia)
Republic of Ireland 1 − 2
Hayes 30' (pen.)
Vilhena 43', 55'
Netherlands v Serbia
Netherlands 1 − 1
Huser 60'
Jokić 76'
Albania v Republic of Ireland
Albania 2 − 1
Marku 35' (pen.)
Ymeralilaj 49'
Grealish 43'
19:30 (GMT+0)
Denmark 2 − 2
Mathiasen 42', 55'
Bergsson 47'
Birgisson 75'
Referee: Domagoj Vučkov (Croatia)
Scotland 1 − 0
Findlay 65'
Denmark v Lithuania
Denmark 3 − 1
Mathiasen 5'
Andersen 25'
Nielsen 26'
Petravičius 73'
Iceland 1 − 0
Finnbogason 43'
Dumbarton Football Stadium, Dumbarton
15:00 (GMT+0)
Scotland 2 − 3
Kidd 27'
Aird 67'
Højbjerg 24'
Crone 63'
Jensen 74'
Lithuania v Iceland
Lithuania 0 − 4
Sigurjónsson 15' (pen.)
Thorsteinsson 21'
Bergsson 53'
Finnbogason 69'
Although Hungary originally won the group on goal difference, Belgium filed a complaint, as Russia had fielded an ineligible player in their match against Belgium. The 1–0 victory by Belgium was therefore replaced with a 3–0 default victory for Belgium, causing them to surpass Hungary in the standings.[1] This decision is now pending appeal by Hungarian FA.[2]
Hungary 2 − 2
Tóth 34'
Németh 40+3'
Dendoncker 22'
Dehond 44'
Russia 2 − 1
Yaschuk 22'
Koryan 71'
Hill 62'
Grosics Gyula, Tatabánya
Hungary 5 − 1
Bobál 8', 60', 69'
Vida 24'
Medgyes 45'
Jones 44'
Referee: Leonardo Guidi (San Marino)
Belgium 1 − 0
3 − 0 [1]
Dendoncker 70'
Russia 2 − 3
Turik 48'
Yaschuk 77'
Berecz 39'
Bobál 43'
Farkas 80+2'
Wales 0 − 3
Dierckx 33', 60'
Biscotti 65'
^ "Madžarska pritobža prodaja vstopnic šele 13. 4." (in Slovenian). Football Association of Slovenia. 2012-04-11. External links[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2012_UEFA_European_Under-17_Championship_elite_round&oldid=743680355"	Categories: 2012 UEFA European Under-17 ChampionshipUEFA European Under-17 Championship qualificationHidden categories: CS1 Slovenian-language sources (sl)	Navigation menu
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World’s first mobile hydrogen fuel cell charger, Upp, unveiled [ G4dG33t ] | Peace World via Blogger
World’s first mobile hydrogen fuel cell charger, Upp, unveiled [ G4dG33t ]
Posted by Anita Lawrence at 8:23 AM


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User blog:Crocodile of doom/How do you like decorating your islands? - DragonVale Wiki
How do you like decorating your islands?
Crocodile of doom
User blog:Crocodile of doom
Hi I'm crocodile of doom and I am doing this blog to inspire and get inspiration for decorating islands.
How I Decorate Them
When I make an island it has to look nice so I usually have sections e.g. A fire section with a brick path some volcanoes a few fire flags and some fire flags to finish or a cold area or a whole cold island in my park with marble path cold flags lots of snowy trees the cold boost a little village of thatched roof cottages (I make lots of little villages on my islands but if you use a lot of room up with your habitats I wouldn't recommend making one) and a few cold and large cold habitats. I also make lots of other little areas like plant ones and basically one for each element and I like making little towns where you can have villas library's ponds inns and that sort of thing, but if you think making these is pointless its is not because they attract more visitors (which you may or may not be bothered about) and slook really cool and they fill in the annoying empty spaces on your islands. But I won't go into detail and bore you but I want to hear what you think and I will add it to the blog below just post a comment if you have a decorating technique or want some more of mine. But I may use your account name if you dont mind and if you don't want me to please say or just log out. Also if you want to see my park you can add me on game centre and I will try and accept as quick as I can and I will try to give you a gem for your effort. Note that decorating I think increases your park value younamy not care but it won't be the best score compared to others because some stupid skill less game ruiners hack and ruin the score board so they're the best. But it will still put you up among the ranks of non hackers.
Other People's Techniques
One of my friends likes to jumble up the dragons and have them where ever to mainly make a nice pattern but another friend makes a path and has all the dragons the same around it (a bit like me but more organised) it really depends on your preference to have a tidy or pattern like or just messy park different layouts appeal to different people. Also my friend Tigerboy300 also uses inns and things like that when making a little town or hotel area for your visitors.
People who have posted on the blog say that they like to place habitats and decorate around the habitats with the most corresponding decorations like a lightning crystal with the lightning or the happy tree with the plant habitat. Another viewer said they place everything then decorate so get all your shrines bought and dragons bred then buy decorations which is very logical.
That's all from me Crocodile Of Doom : )
Retrieved from "http://dragonvale.wikia.com/wiki/User_blog:Crocodile_of_doom/How_do_you_like_decorating_your_islands%3F?oldid=172971"
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◄Semifinal Part 2 |
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WTF: 2007: One Less Grasshopper in Oaxaca
We were among the first to arrive at the beautiful Victoria hotel overlooking Oaxaca. Though the cloud cover was low and we got rain off and on, I could see that we were in a large valley surrounded on all sides by imposing mountains. The dramatic view and the low clouds reminded me of Anchorage. This is a beautiful city!
The beautiful Hotel Victoria overlooking the city of Oaxaca
We got El Jefe off the trailer and fired her up. (I know she's got a man's name but it doesn't feel right to call a car a man......like, "He's running fine today.") The sound of El Jefe always gives me the chills when I first hear her throaty growl and feel the power. I drove her through the hotel grounds and was happy to have a handle on her again. Geezer and Rene showed me all the interior improvements from last year: the new and improved racing seats, repainted and sleeker interior, hooks behind the seats for our helmets, a better clipboard for the route book, a sturdier water bottle holder with a custom spot for a can of Go Fast, a working trip computer (!), and best of all a brand new windshield!
We tucked El Jefe in for the night and made our way to the hotel bar where we had the luxury of sitting outside in this paradise to enjoy Coronas and tacos de arrecheta as more racers arrived. What a killer view of the city below! The Coronas were fresh and don't compare to what we get in the U.S. Less than 5 people were in the bar for happy hour and Rene pointed out that though it was quiet now, soon it would be filled with racers.
The beautiful view from the Hotel Victoria bar
The beers went down quickly and so did the peanuts mixed in with roasted garlic slivers. Geezer and Rene took turns telling the story of how they met. The short version is that Geezer stopped into Rene's mechanic shop which is next door to Tumbaburros de Zacatecas and told him he had a 1952 Ford Victoria that he needed some help with. He asked Rene if he knew of a chassis for it, but Rene couldn't recall seeing any.
A couple of days later Rene was in a junkyard looking for parts for a friend and he had to use the bathroom which was all the way in the back. When he came out there right in front of him was a chassis from a 1954 Ford! He ran to TBZ and told my dad they were going for a ride. My dad didn't ask where or why and he really didn't know Rene at all, but my dad is always up for an adventure. The chassis was perfect and Geezer bought it for scrap metal weight, maybe $100, and that is where the building of El Jefe and the foundation of a wonderful friendship between Rene and Geezer began.
We did a lot of laughing that night and later as the place began to fill we talked to some English chaps in the table behind us. Simon Jefferies was really friendly and came to our table and told us they were rookies driving a Mustang. Geezer said, "Oh, my buddy, Todd, from Minnesota builds Mustangs for the PanAm....." and before he could finish Simon said excitedly, "YES, we know Todd; we are waiting for him to bring our Mustang!"
Last year there was a lot of political unrest and rioting in Oaxaca so the race start was moved to Veracruz, but tonight from our perch in the Victoria hotel overlooking the beautiful city we could hear the joy and celebration of mariachis playing and fireworks going off for hours.
Later in the evening after Geezer retired to bed, Rene and I returned to the bar and saw some friendly faces and joined the table with the team from the yellow original PanAm Lincoln, #101 - Brad Kaplan, Derek Dwyer, Fernando, and Valentine. I remembered them from last year, especially the fact that they always had smiles on their faces, even after going off the road in Mil Cumbres and hitting a tree. They were fine and the car was back on the road a day later, and they had even bigger smiles. That is the spirit of La Carrera.
They had just arrived today, like us and we swapped notes on the amazingly steep and dangerous mountain pass between Puebla and Oaxaca. Brad, in his unique way of seamlessly switching between English and Spanish, said that a car went over a railing on that pass just minutes before them. As they slowed down they saw the medics standing at the railing just gazing down the cliff as there was nothing that could be done.
The crazy mountain pass just north of the city of Oaxaca. The white line in the left middle of the picture is a bus on the crazy road.
It was getting late and I'd already had dinner and my share of beers but there was a plate of taco fixins on the table and they invited me to eat. I noticed all the regular items - beans, meat, fresh corn tortillas, salsa, guac, etc. but I pointed at a fuzzy pile of reddish brown stuff and said, "What's that?"
"Grasshoppers!" Derek said with a smile and a full mouth. Something strange happened in my brain because I instantly decided it would be a good idea to try them - they are the local specialty of Oaxaca after all. I grabbed a pinch hit of the dried out buggers....err...bugs and luckily the bar lights were dim as I popped them into my mouth without noticing torsos, legs, or worst of all eyeballs! They weren't that bad....I've had worse....but once was definitely enough. Someone pushed a can of tonic in my direction and I waved it off saying I wanted the full experience. The only bad part was that a piece got stuck in a molar and was with me for a while, and my stomach was a tiny bit upset later, but it passed. Now my new nickname is Chapulina, which means Grasshoppa. And Derek? He kept making taco after taco and piling the grasshoppers in there, saying he liked them. But then he disappeared for a while and we looked around the table and I was thinking someone should go check on him in the bathroom. But he soon returned and in response to our inquisitive looks and asking if he was okay he said, "Um, yeah, I was just talking to my girlfriend..."
Chapulinas (or chapurrines - dried grasshoppers) in a jar for $5 USD
It was a wonderful evening and we are stoked yet relaxed, and tomorrow race registration begins.
Ah GRASSHOPPA!! you finarry ate someting dat you not possa to eat.No more meat and potatoes for you. GRASSHOPPA human bug catcher.
Nice talking to you tonight we will be checking each day on your progress. Be Safe and have fun!!
Ted ate a grasshopper in Zacatecas last year. Although his was still alive...
I had tacos for lunch and watched an old black and white lucha libre movie but it's not the same as being there.
Keep those posts coming Grasshopper.


text:
I’m not a hipster, but… | djelroy
I’m not a hipster, but…
December 27, 2012 by DJ Elroy
I do pride myself on being able to dig for new (or even old) music that’s not “played out”. I know, I know, “played out” is a subjective term. Let me break it down:
If it’s on the Top 10 sales chart, it’s played out.
If you heard it on the main stage at Ultra, it’s played out.
If it’s on rotation on the FM dial, it’s played out.
If it’s on a TV commercial, it’s played out.
That’s NOT to say it isn’t a good tune. I’m not of the hipster mentality that you can’t enjoy something because it’s seen mainstream or commercial success. But come on guys, you call yourselves DJs but you all play the same songs. There’s so much music out there you don’t need to follow the pack and play what everyone else is playing.
And even it it’s a brand new song, if you can check off any of the above list you shouldn’t spend a lot of time with it. Maybe you even had it before it “hit”, but now that it has, move on. Don’t be lazy.
Get something new. Find your own style. Get your own flavor. Whatever it takes. Sure, a lot of crowds want to hear something recognizable. In that case make your own edit of the track. Or a mashup. Or dig for something older that will still get that cheer from the crowd.
Category: ELROY'S EDITORIALS	| Tags: dj elroy, elroys editorials, hipster, i'm not a hipster	Where is the Adventure? »
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One of the most difficult operations in my shop has been lining up dadoes consistently through two boards.
The most,common operation for this is to make book shelves that must bear considerable weight without warping.
the example shown here shows how I would go about ensuring my accuracy and controlling the depth of cut using a device called *Dadowiz.*
From dadowiz
#1 is the first piece of melamine
#2 is the second piece of melamine
#3 represents a shelf that is 7/8 inches thick
The pencil lines shown as #4 and #5 depict the intended location of the dado for both parts.
This photograph shows me lining up to the 1/2 inch mark on the Dadowiz with the pencil mark on my material.
As shown here, Dadowiz can run on either the right or left hand side of the guide as required.
Dadowiz is supplied with three steel pins that slide into three holes on the surface of the device. By loosening a set screw on top you can wedge the intended insert between these pins and set the width that your router bit will cut for you.
I deliberately chose a board that was 7/8 of an inch thick to demonstrate how easy it is to make this adjustment. Normally most shelf material would be cut from three-quarter inch melamine which can vary in thickness depending on where it is manufactured. This poses several difficulties when setting a stacked dado in the table saw.
This picture simply shows the router held by the clamping guide in the Dadowiz making the first pass through the melamine. I like to make one shallow pass in this material to minimize chipping at the interface. When cutting melamine it's best to use a spiral down cut carbide which I currently don't have in a 1/2 inch size. In this particular case I'm using a generic 1/2 inch double fluted router bit.
Also note that because the dado is being cut using a one-inch bushing in the router is independent of the router base and does not create difficulties in keeping the base lined up to the center of the router bit which happens most often using homemade router jigs.
This picture shows the completed dado with the stop in the top board. This is a relatively simple task with this device as the and is already calibrated to lineup with my pencil mark. I just need to square the cut with a chisel and I'm done.
This picture just shows the finished dado cut to the depth of 3/8 of an inch and spanning both members of the shelf.
The final picture speaks for itself and shows the dry fit after the milling procedure is completed.
I'm not sure if the device I am using is still in production but I was informed that Woodline has a very similar device which they call the Dadomax that will accomplishes the same thing.
Posted by bob oswin at 7:52 AM
Labels: Dados, Dadowhiz. dado wiz. dado whiz, routers, shelves


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Peripheral Vision - Inner Sights by Lynda Lehmann: Solitude
I just wanted to share this beauty of a Maine sunset with you. The backlit clouds and their reflection on the lake surface were just glorious!
I love being in a place where the fabric of the land is not torn and tattered, where the Earth's skin is still (relatively) healthy and brimming with life. No litter, no crowds, no noise: just the gentle wind on your face, reflections silver on the smooth water, and a panorama of the heavens unfolding on the twilit sky. You can have a sense of yourself in relation to the universe, and tune in to your thoughts in a meditative way that's not often possible, with all the distractions of modern life.
How will we preserve what's left of our natural heritage, for future generations? Please look into joining one of the environmental groups I have listed on the sidebar of this page, or one of the many others concerned with Earth stewardship, to make your voice heard!
Image c 2007 Lynda Lehmann.
Posted by Lynda Lehmann on Sunday, August 19, 2007
Labels: "Lynda Lehmann", clouds, dusk, lake, light, Maine, nature, panorama, sky, sunset, twilight, water
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