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Dulye & Co.: Going Viral Behind the Firewall
Dulye co. research on internal comm... by Dulye 806 views
Final linda dulye the value of 2 wa... by Dulye 340 views
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Our slidecast on going viral behind the firewall, based on our client work. Visit dulye.com for more information and a free consultation session.
As communicators chase elusive notions of employee engagement in the new social media landscape, we happen upon this even more elusive notion of viral communication and wonder how we might inoculate our communication programs to drive attention and conversation among our communities and business organizations.Do you know how to create viral communication? Have you wondered how to instill your communications with that certain infectious quality that moves them to pass it on to friends and colleagues? “Check this out; they finally got it right,” or “You have to watch this,” they may declare, as the latest viral message makes its rounds.This paper's objective is to guide you in the process of developing effective viral communications for the corporate communication environment.
The term viral is usually associated with visual media, particularly video and pictures. The barrier to creating and sharing affordable digital HD-quality video was lowered with the introduction of the Flip Mino video recorder. The Flip has been a tremendous tool for creative communicators, and there are many great examples of using viral video to drive employee engagement.
The Deloitte Film Festival, an employee contest that showcased employee accomplishments in the workplace, comes to mind, as does Zappos’ 10 Core Values video, which featured entertaining employee stories about why they love to work for the company, and comments about corporate culture from Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh.
Viral videos run the gamut from the sublime to the ridiculous—to the disgusting. When did you first see Susan Boyle?
How about the Comcast Cable Technician caught napping on a customer’s couch for an hour?
When did you first see the Domino’s crew doing disgusting things with food—before or after you heard it on the news? Many videos get their 15-minutes of fame by accident. These powerful segments beg the question put by communications professionals:
How do I position my communications to encourage their viral spread? You Tube is nice, but how do I create viral communications here—behind the firewall—inside the walls of my company (or with your external audience if you’re in a public relations role)? What makes this buzz happen? This leads to a discussion about the definition and common elements of viral communication, and then incorporating these practices into corporate communication strategy.
By definition, a viral communication is information that gets passed around informally—the message could originate with mass distribution, but its defining quality is the way it is then forwarded from friend to friend or colleague to colleague as an item of interest.Viral communication always involves authentic, compelling content of some sort. The term viral is usually associated with video, or a series of pictures—something easily digestible and then passed around, featuring content that is remarkably interesting or topical, raw—or even shocking—and that grabs the reader’s attention immediately.
What Are The Elements (Checklist) of a Viral Communication?The following elements may function as a kind of helpful checklist for creating communications positioned to achieve viral dissemination:
	Easily Digestible Content. A common quality of viral communication is easily-digestible content that can be quickly consumed, including a catchy or quirky headline—teaser text—that describes the video content, and what you what you may get out of watching it.
	Short-Form Content. Viral communications normally use short-form content. They should be designed to run about the length of television commercial. This is good guidance in terms of attention span. The communication could be shorter, or as long as it takes to get your point across.
	Break Up Long Clips. Anything other than short-form content should be broken up into smaller clips. You can view entire episodes of South Park here, or view the episode guide and watch smaller clips of the show. Notice the ability to blog is built right in—we’ll come back to this. Breaking up longer clips works particularly well with executive speeches, human resources benefits communication, and change communication, where employees may want to drill down to certain excerpt or topical area that pertains to them.
	Leave Selling or Branding Message To The End. The message must engage effortlessly and stand on its own. Trying to “sell” too early generally has an adverse effect on viral quality. The content must have intrinsic value and be entertaining or vitally interesting without any manipulation —your call to action/branding should be reserved until the end.
	Stimulate two-way dialogue through strategic call to action: Although calls to action are normally left to the end of the viral message, a request to reply back to the sender—a call to action to vote or provide an opinion— tends to make the message more personal and tends to build rapport. This must be fine tuned and calibrated to your organizational culture, using the two-way social media tools at your disposal, such as blogs, micro-blogs (Twitter/Yammer), IM, or the intranet.
Video Still Frame. Visually, the html e-mail must feature an interesting video still frame picture with an embedded “play” arrow. The video is not to play inside the e-mail, but should link seamlessly to a web-landing page, where the video may be viewed.
	Message Forwarding: As opposed to mass messages, viral messages are usually forwarded on from friend to friend or colleague to colleague. Know your audience and try to find the “what’s in it for me” content value proposition. Use your own judgment: Would you want to forward this message on? Why would your audience care to forward this message on?
	Thought You Might Enjoy. Pre-populating the subject and content of a viral message you want forwarded with “thought you might enjoy;” “mail to: fill in friend’s name,” is another practical tip you may wish to incorporate.
	Use Two-Way Dialoguing/Comment Capability That Caters to Corporate Culture: As mentioned earlier with the South Park video, viral communications must have easy access to other social media platforms that enable conversation and two-way engagement. Is instant messaging the communication tool of choice at your company? Does video communication on the company portal or intranet hold sway, or how about wikis or blogs? Furnish quick and easy access to these channels to seed viral engagement.
	Seeding comments to start the buzz: Message or line of business champions may sometimes influence the viral quality of message by weighing in themselves on a posted video or set of pictures. If it would be inappropriate for you to weigh-in, then don’t. But it’s something to consider. Your honest enthusiasm and vibrancy about the message could be contagious and help get the ball rolling.
A Word About Metrics and Viral Communication
Metrics: Establish a single location web-landing page to post viral content. Concentrate as much if not all of the traffic to a single web-landing page to pull down analytics. Similar to the way URL shorteners such as bit.ly work, you should ensure that all traffic goes to the same measurement place. Concentrate all viral attention on a single web page.
Metrics: Use html e-mail marketing metrics to track click-throughs. You original e-mail list may have only 206 recipients. By using e-mail marketing contact management systems like iContact you can view click-throughs (tracking the recipient’s e-mail id) to know who passed the message on. Identifying who passed it on provides a view to who is engaged—and more important, helps identify the influencers in your organization.
Metrics: Create unique URL crafted for each internal communication channel to track effectiveness of distribution. When using various communication channels like IM, micro-blogs (Twitter/Yammer), and intranet portals, you can gauge the effectiveness of your viral campaign by customizing the links used for every communication channel. It may be the same message, but did they access it via e-mail, through an embedded IM or through a Twitter link? You’ll know how many people viewed the message and by which channel, so you’ll know which ones work best.
Metrics: Facilitate forwarding in a subtle way that enhances measurement and metrics. This concept is embodied by the Share on Facebook button/link at the end of most blogs. Again, this action will vary by corporate culture—it may be Share on IM (embed link inside IM post), or Share on Yammer (embed the link inside the mirco-blog post). Optimize e-mail and web landing pages for easy sharing. Build buttons that makes it easy to share via email and IM. You Tube, for example, makes this easy and they capture the additional metric of how many people shared the viral communication on Facebook. You can do the same.
Promote 4Rs training, podcast and SFW newsletter
Promote Linda’s twitter
1. Going viral
behind the firewall

2. Going Viral Behind the Firewall
May 2010

25. intranet.company.com/video.aspx?IM
intranet.company.com/video.aspx?Email
intranet.company.com/video.aspx?HomePage
Etc…

27. Provide Real-Time Response
Dulye.com or iTunes to download

28. Provide On-the-Job Coaching and Tools
Spectator-Free Workplace™
Coaching resources: 4R training, podcasts, e-mail newsletter.
Go to Dulye.com/blogto subscribe

29. Keep the Dialogue Going
Spectator-Free Workplace™ Tweets
Visit twitter.com/dulye to follow Linda Dulye on twitter.
Twitter.com/dulyeto follow us

30. Visit Dulye.com
Let our team guide you to a disciplined, measured, and Spectator-Free Workplace behind your firewall!

31. The entire contents of the presentation are proprietary to Dulye & Co. This material may be not be copied or reproduced for any purpose.
Any reproduction or disclosure requires the prior consent of Dulye & Co.For more information, please contact Roger Gibboni, Business Manager,
at 845-987-7744 or rgibboni@dulye.com.
Thank You!

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Linda Dulye - The Approachable Leader IABC ECC
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EEUU | Papeles de Música
Posted on 2012/03/29 by Cristina Martí
Library Specialist V for Audiovisual Collections and Services – Southern Methodist University (Dallas, Texas)
The Library Specialist V for Audiovisual Collections and Services is responsible for operations of the Audiovisual Center within the Hamon Arts Library and shares circulation supervision responsibility with two other staff members.
Overseeing circulation of all types of library materials and assisting in processing course reserves; assisting in hiring, training and supervising student staff;
Assisting with preservation and access to audiovisual (AV) services and collections (including helping patrons use AV equipment, overseeing digital reformatting and storage of AV materials and maintaining library systems for online access to AV materials);
Managing library patrons accounts and processing fines/fess; providing support for library equipment, including computers, scanners and audiovisual playback equipment;
Assisting with patrons with general information and assisting patrons with requests (e.g. concert recording requests, holds/recall and missing item searches);
Overseeing gathering of library statistics, library security and opening/closing procedures.
This position works evening and weekend hours while SMU classes are in session, with some daytime hours between terms.
A minimum of three years of work experience is required, preferably in a public service or library environment.
Library experience and substantial knowledge of the fine arts is strongly preferred.
Candidates must possess strong computer skills and experience, preferably with integrated library systems and media file editing
Basic familiarity with use and maintenance of audiovisual playback equipment is essential.
Candidates must demonstrate strong verbal and interpersonal communication skills with the ability to work effectively with
faculty, students and staff. Must possess a strong public service orientation.
Candidates must demonstrate strong organizational skills and the ability to prioritize and manage multiple tasks.
Must also have the ability to work independently as well as part of a team.
Priority consideration may be given to submissions received by March 23, 2012.
To apply, visit http://smu.edu/hr/recruit/ and search for Job ID 900135 under Staff Career Opportunities.
Filed under: Empleo | Tagged: Bibliotecas audiovisuales, EEUU, Ofertas de empleo |	Leave a comment »
Posted on 2010/12/29 by Cristina Martí

type: global

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Featured Freeware: Process Explorer | The Download Blog - CNET Download.com
Featured Freeware: Process Explorer
Using Windows' Task Manager can be a frustrating experience, but not to worry. Process Explorer replaces it with an intuitive tree format and loads of features so you never again have to worry about what your computer's doing behind your back.
by Seth Rosenblatt May 1, 2008, 12:00 AM
May 01, 2008 12:00 am | By Seth Rosenblatt
If you've ever tried tracking down a process in Windows Task Manager, you know it's like looking for a needle in a haystack. Process Explorer makes the job a lot easier. This utility displays running processes in an intuitive tree format that includes not only process names, but also program icons and other data, such as description, image, and processor time.
It also can identify the process for a given application window or look up a process name in Google--a handy way to spot spyware or just to drill deeper into what your computer's really doing when you're not paying attention. Additional features offer detailed information on performance, DLLs, threads, handles, TCP/IP connections, security settings, and environments. Despite its lack of visual polish, Process Explorer is one of the best Task Manager replacements around.

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TGIF: TOYWATCH Twitter Giveaway! - SICKA THAN AVERAGE
« Handbag Heaven: MCM Spring Fever Sale | Main | Be Aggressive With Alice + Olivia For Payless »
Posted at 12:01 AM in Fashion, Giveaway, Jewelry | Permalink

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recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information. Eliminate cord clutter with the Targus AMW55US Wireless Mouse that features a micro USB receiver. Featuring a 1000 dpi high-precision laser sensor, this wireless laser mouse offers great control and accuracy. It is compatible with Windows 7, 2000, XP, Vista, Mac OS X v10.4 or higher. This wireless laser mouse is highly portable because of its Stow-N-Go design, so you can store the USB port inside the body of the mouse. It uses a 2.4GHz wireless signal to create a reliable connection with your laptop or computer. This 1000 dpi optical mouse is powered by two AAA Energizer Max batteries, which last up to five months, depending on how often you use them. This mouse also meets the standards set by the RoHS directive. About this item Important Made in USA Origin Disclaimer: For certain items sold by Walmart on Walmart.com, the displayed country of origin
recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information. Eliminate cord clutter with the Targus AMW55US Wireless Mouse that features a micro USB receiver. Featuring a 1000 dpi high-precision laser sensor, this wireless laser mouse offers great control and accuracy. It is compatible with Windows 7, 2000, XP, Vista, Mac OS X v10.4 or higher. This wireless laser mouse is highly portable because of its Stow-N-Go design, so you can store the USB port inside the body of the mouse. It uses a 2.4GHz wireless signal to create a reliable connection with your laptop or computer. This 1000 dpi optical mouse is powered by two AAA Energizer Max batteries, which last up to five months, depending on how often you use them. This mouse also meets the standards set by the RoHS directive. Targus AMW55US Wireless Mouse:
1000 DPI high-precision laser sensor
Accurately responds to mouse movements
USB port stores inside body of mouse
2.4 GHz wireless signal
Designed to work with Windows 7, 2000, XP, and Vista and Mac OS X 10.4 or later
Requires 2 AAA batteries (included) Specifications Color: Black Compatible Devices: PC , Mac Form: AAA type Manufacturer Part Number: AMW55US Color Category: Black System Requirements: Operating Systems:Windows 7Windows 2000Windows XPWindows VistaMac OS X 10.4 or later Battery Life: 5 Month Model: AMW55US Interface Type: 2.4 GHz Brand: Targus Is Dark Sky-Compliant: Y Sensor Resolution: 1000 dpi Assembled Product Dimensions (L x W x H): 8.11 x 1.60 x 9.14 Inches Show Customer Q&A Back Ask a question Back to questions Questions & Answers 0 questions Ask a question Back to questions Ask a question If you would like to share feedback with us about pricing, delivery or other customer service issues, please contact customer service directly. 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Customer Reviews Customer Reviews | 6 reviews | 4.2 out of 5 4.0 stars 6 reviews | 4.2 out of 5 4.0 stars 6 reviews | 4.2 out of 5 67% Would recommend to a friend 5 stars 4 4 stars 0 3 stars 1 2 stars 1 1 stars 0 Sort by Most relevant Most helpful Newest to oldest Oldest to newest High to low rating Low to high rating 1-6 of 6 total reviews 67% Would recommend to a friend Write a review Show filters Sort by Most relevant Most helpful Newest to oldest Oldest to newest High to low rating Low to high rating Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 and older Gender Male Female Good while it lasts 2/18/2013 Customer review by Illeist 3.0 stars 2/18/2013 by Illeist by Illeist I've had my Targus optical mouse for two years now. For about a year, it performed excellently; it's a stylish, sleek piece of equipment that did everything I asked of it. After about a year, however, the scroll wheel stopped functioning reliably. Within a month, not only could I no longer use the scroll wheel, but it would frequently scroll up and down of its own accord, particularly (and problematically) when left clicking. And now, just past the two year mark, the right mouse button no longer functions. Written by a customer while visiting targus.com Illeist North Carolina Would recommend to a friend? No The Perfect Laptop Mouse. 8/9/2011 Customer review by Julianne 5.0 stars 8/9/2011 by Julianne by Julianne I have come to heartily loathe touchpads! This wireless mouse is small but very precise and easy to use. It's very easy to stuff in one's laptop bag. A person with large hands might find it a little annoying, but for me it's great. My husband purchased one of these and said it was too small, so he gave it to me and I love it! He then purchased a AMW51US for himself; it appears to be the same model in details, only larger... So now we're both happy! Written by a customer while visiting targus.com Julianne Illinois Would recommend to a friend? Yes No Connection from time to time 5/21/2011 Customer review by marcus 2.0 stars 5/21/2011 by marcus by marcus I had a bluetooth and now a USB Version on a new iMac and no Support is provided here as this brand new model is not in the selection. It has the same problem as it does not connect on start up, i have to restart and sometimes it works. Written by a customer while visiting targus.com marcus Switzerland Would recommend to a friend? No 9/20/2011 Customer review by Wiz 5.0 stars 9/20/2011 by Wiz by Wiz This a great mouse. Very easy to use. It is very fast in regards to the response of the command. Very glad I have it. Written by a customer while visiting targus.com Wiz Maryland Would recommend to a friend? Yes 12/3/2010 Customer review by dragana1616 5.0 stars 12/3/2010 by dragana1616 by dragana1616 great mouse, easy to use. It is very fast in regards to the response of the command. Written by a customer while visiting targus.com dragana1616 Would recommend to a friend? Yes Great product. 10/26/2012 Customer review by Chanel1 5.0 stars 10/26/2012 by Chanel1 by Chanel1 I bought this item at Best Buy and I had no problems at all with it. I've dropped it several times and now need a new one. I plan to replace it with the same one. Was this review helpful? Yes (0) No (0) Report Thank you! You have successfully submitted feedback for this review. Was this review helpful? Yes (0) No (0) Chanel1 Chalmette, LA Would recommend to a friend? Yes Age:25 - 34 Ownership:Longer than one year Gender:Female Usage:Every day Customer Reviews | 6 reviews | 4.2 out of 5 Customer Reviews 4.0 stars 6 reviews | 4.2 out of 5 Good while it lasts Customer review by Illeist 3.0 stars 2/18/2013 I've had my Targus optical mouse for two years now. For about a year, it performed excellently; it's a stylish, sleek piece of equipment that did everything I asked of it. After about a year, however, the scroll wheel stopped functioning reliably. Within a month, not only could I no longer use the scroll wheel, but it would frequently scroll up and down of its own accord, particularly (and problematically) when left clicking. And now, just past the two year mark, the right mouse button no longer functions. Written by a customer while visiting targus.com The Perfect Laptop Mouse. Customer review by Julianne 5.0 stars 8/9/2011 I have come to heartily loathe touchpads! This wireless mouse is small but very precise and easy to use. It's very easy to stuff in one's laptop bag. A person with large hands might find it a little annoying, but for me it's great. My husband purchased one of these and said it was too small, so he gave it to me and I love it! He then purchased a AMW51US for himself; it appears to be the same model in details, only larger... So now we're both happy! 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About our prices We’re committed to providing low prices every day, on everything. So if you find a current lower price from an online retailer on an identical, in-stock product, tell us and we’ll match it. See more details at Online Price Match. Compute- app-11031821-16-85973813, DC- prod-dal3, ENV- prod-a, Ver- 48.0.2, SHA- e98469bb55c5959751e37e4211d7253bbbd97537, Log- 66312457-1e5ab-1577498715e000 Site Information Be the first to save! Email Address Sign up Privacy Policy Stay connected Mobile apps Help Feedback MoneyCenter Privacy & Security CA Privacy Rights Terms of Use Walmart services See All Services Walmart MoneyCenter Walmart Credit Card Product Care Plans Walmart Pay Get to know us About Walmart.com Corporate Suppliers Marketplace Careers @WalmartLabs Walmart.com Terms of Use About Our Ads Affiliate Program CA Privacy Rights Privacy & Security Customer service Returns Policy Product Recalls Int’l Customers Tax Exempt Program Contact Us Feedback Store Pickup In the spotlight Expand Baby Cribs Strollers Diapers Baby Feeding Car Seats Expand Electronics Cut the Cable Computers TVs iPads & Tablets Expand Fitness Exercise Machines Vitamins Ellipticals Treadmills Fitbit Expand Keep Cool Air Conditioners Fans Swimming Pools Pool Toys Popular Products Expand International Sites Argentina Brazil Canada Chile China Japan Mexico United Kingdom © Walmart Stores, Inc. To ensure we’re able to help you as best we can, please include your reference number: Ref:

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Description contains evinrude motor: +36 results
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Chatham & Clarendon Grammar School is a co-educational grammar school in Ramsgate, Kent, England, formed as a result of the merger of the boys-only Chatham House Grammar School and girls-only Clarendon House Grammar School in September 2011.
Chatham and Clarendon Grammar School is based across three main sites.


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Nastolatka Nie Chce Sexsu A Bierze Od Tyłu Filmy | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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August Jackson Internship Opportunity (Deadline 2/11) – Carolina PRSSA
August Jackson Internship Opportunity (Deadline 2/11)
August Jackson (AJ) is now accepting applications for creative, production and account management internships for the summer of 2015 in our Washington, DC and Chicago offices.
AJ is a communications design agency. We craft strategic and creative solutions across live, digital and mobile landscapes to connect our clients with targeted audiences, both internal and external, to help drive the success of their brands.
Summer interns will be placed on the teams and projects that best match their skill-sets and desired areas of focus. Applicants should be proactive and eager to work in a collaborative environment. Daily responsibilities will range from supporting internal initiatives and organizational functions, to supporting AJ teams on creative and production projects.
Ideal candidates will have had exposure to the agency world and will be rising seniors this summer. We are not accepting internship applications from graduating seniors at this time. In addition to providing experience working with a diverse set of clients and projects, the positions are also a chance for the candidate and August Jackson to evaluate each other with the possibility of a full time position for the intern after graduation. These will be paid positions. The dates are flexible, but we’d like interns to spend 10-14 weeks with us.
Please send a resume and cover letter to internships@augustjackson.com by Wednesday, February 11. We will be coming to campus for in-person interviews the following week, and will contact those selected to move to the next round with further details after reviewing all applications.


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Patent US5280093 - Chiral polymers for the synthesis of pure enantiomers of amino acids - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention relates to chiral polymers and to their uses for operations of asymmetric synthesis, deracemization and optical inversion. These polymers are characterized in that they comprise: a chiral unit a functionalizing unit an optional crosslinking unit Application to chiral organic sy...http://www.google.com/patents/US5280093?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5280093 - Chiral polymers for the synthesis of pure enantiomers of amino acidsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5280093 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/047,001Publication dateJan 18, 1994Filing dateApr 14, 1993Priority dateJun 29, 1989Fee statusPaidPublication number047001, 08047001, US 5280093 A, US 5280093A, US-A-5280093, US5280093 A, US5280093AInventorsRobert Jacquier, Monique Calmes, Jacques DaunisOriginal AssigneeRhone-Poulenc ChimieExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (25), Referenced by (7), Classifications (17), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetChiral polymers for the synthesis of pure enantiomers of amino acids
US 5280093 AAbstract
The present invention relates to chiral polymers and to their uses for operations of asymmetric synthesis, deracemization and optical inversion.
These polymers are characterized in that they comprise:
a chiral unit
a functionalizing unit
an optional crosslinking unit
Application to chiral organic synthesis.
1. Polymer obtained by copolymerization of at least one chiral unit and at least one functionalizing agent having a protective function, each chiral unit being a chiral monomer selected from one of two stereoisomers, R and S, having a chiral carbon, a molecular weight equal to at most 200, and possessing a polymerizable double bond with the number of atoms between said double bond and said chiral carbon being at most 5, said polymerization taking place through said double bond of said chiral monomer, wherein said chiral unit represents, expressed in moles, a ratio at least equal to one-half of said polymer; wherein, if two or more chiral units are copolymerized with said functionalizing agent, substantially all of the chiral units are of the same configuration, either R or S; wherein said functionalizing agent comprises an aromatic aldehyde group; and wherein said functionalizing agent comprises said chiral monomer and a protective group, with the proviso that the chiral monomer is other than 1-acryloyl-2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine.
2. Polymer according to claim 1 wherein said polymer includes a crosslinking agent.
3. Polymer according to claim 1, wherein said chiral unit represents, expressed in moles, a ratio equal to at least two-thirds of said polymer.
4. Polymer according to claim 1, wherein said chiral unit represents, expressed in moles, a percentage equal to at least 70% of said polymer.
5. Polymer according to claim 1, characterized in that said chiral unit represents, expressed in moles, a ratio equal to at least three-fourths of said polymer.
6. Polymer according to claim 1, wherein said chiral unit comprises at least one functional group capable of forming a hydrogen bond with a second identical chiral unit.
7. Polymer according to claim 6, wherein said functional group capable of forming a hydrogen bond is an acidic, alcohol, amide, or amine functional group.
8. Polymer according to claim 6, wherein said functional group capable of forming a hydrogen bond is an alcohol functional group.
9. Polymer according to claim 1, wherein said aromatic aldehyde group is a benzaldehyde roup.
10. Polymer according to claim 1, wherein said aromatic aldehyde group is an aminobenzaldehyde group.
11. Polymer obtained by copolymerization of at least one chiral unit and at least one functionalizing agent having a protective function, each chiral unit being a chiral monomer selected from one of two stereoisomers, R and S, having a chiral carbon, a molecular weight equal to at most 200, and possessing a polymerizable double bond with the number of atoms between said double bond and said chiral carbon being at most 5, said polymerization taking place through said double bond of said chiral monomer; wherein said chiral unit comprises at least one functional group capable of forming a hydrogen bond with a second identical chiral unit; wherein, if two or more chiral units are copolymerized with said functionalizing agent, substantially all of the chiral units are of the same configuration, either R or S; wherein said functionalizing agent comprises an aromatic aldehyde group; and wherein said functionalizing agent is a monomer which does not comprise said chiral monomer, with the proviso that the chiral monomer is other than 1-acryloyl-2-methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine.
12. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said polymer includes a crosslinking agent.
13. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said chiral unit represents, expressed in moles, a ratio equal to at least one-half of said polymer.
14. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said chiral unit represents, expressed in moles, a ratio equal to at least two-thirds of said polymer.
15. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said chiral unit represents, expressed in moles, a ratio equal to at least three-fourths of said polymer.
16. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said chiral unit is a chiral monomer selected from one of two stereoisomers, R and S, of N-acryloyl-prolinol, wherein said functionalizing agent is para-(N-acryloyl-N-methylamino)benzaldehyde, and wherein one or more of the acryloyl groups is optionally replaced, either in the chiral unit or in the functionalizing agent, by a methacryloyl group.
17. Polymer according to claim 16, wherein none of the acryloyl groups is optionally replaced by a methacryloyl group.
18. Polymer according to claim 16, wherein said polymer includes a crosslinking agent.
19. Polymer according to claim 18, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of bis(acryloyl)-N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine and bis(acryloyl)piperizine, wherein any acryloyl group may be replaced by a methacryloyl group.
20. Polymer according to claim 19, wherein the acryloyl group of the crosslinking agent is replaced by a methacryloyl group.
21. Polymer according to claim 19, wherein said crosslinking agent is bis(acryloyl)-N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine.
22. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said functional group capable of forming a hydrogen bond is an acidic, alcohol, amide, or amine functional group.
23. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said functional group capable of forming a hydrogen bond is an alcohol functional group.
24. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said aromatic aldehyde group is a benzaldehyde group.
25. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said aromatic aldehyde group is an aminobenzaldehyde group.
26. Polymer according to claim 11, wherein said functionalizing agent is para-(N-acryloyl-N-methylamino)benzaldehyde.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/915,758, filed Jul. 21, 1992, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/545,526, filed Jun. 29, 1990, all abandoned.
The present invention relates to chiral polymers permitting the asymmetric synthesis, on a support, of amino acids, as well as to new processes for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure amino acids.
There are few examples in the prior art of asymmetric syntheses supported on a polymer. Their principle remains the same as in solution, requiring the presence of a chiral auxiliary in proximity to the prochiral center. Utilizing polystyrene supports in all cases, these examples relate to asymmetric syntheses of hydroxy acids (KAWANA and EMOTZ, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1974, 47, 160); of arylaliphatic esters (MCMANUS et al., J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 3097) and of 2-methylcyclohexanone (LEZNOFF et al., Canad. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1836; FRECHET et al., Reactive Polymers, 1983, 1, 227). However, if the work of LEZNOFF et al. (loc. cit.) is excepted, the enantiomeric excesses remain average (56-62%). Finally, LEZNOFF et al. (Canad. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 2984) carried out the asymmetric protonation of the lithium enamine of racemic 2-methylcyclohexanone anchored to the chiral arm of a polystyrene.
Another strategy consists in utilizing a chiral polyacrylic support producing a supramolecular asymmetric induction (CALMES, DAUNIS, JACQUIER, NKUSI, VERDUCCI and VIALLEFONT, Tetrahedron Letters, 1986, 27, 4303).
However, when this strategy is applied to the synthesis of amino acids, it is necessary to work at very low temperature (-78� C.).
Under these conditions, in the synthesis of amino acids, enantiomeric excesses have not exceeded 63% in alkylations of enolates carried out at -78� C.
For this raason, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a family of polymers which can be utilized for deracemizing or changing from one enantiomer to the other.
For this reason, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a process for synthesis or deracemization utilizing the above polymers.
The subject of the present invention is a polymer which can, in particular, be obtained by the free-radical copolymerization of a chiral monomer or oligomer or prepolymer, a functionalizing agent and preferably a crosslinking agent, characterized in that it contains:
an optional crosslinking unit.
The chiral unit represents, expressed in moles, a large percentage which varies according to the chemical properties of the chiral unit. When the chiral unit does not possess sites (sic) capable of forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds with another chiral unit, it is desirable that the chiral unit represents at least 2/3, and advantageously 70%, of the total units, and preferably 3/4. When the chiral unit possesses sites capable of forming hydrogen bonds between two chiral units, the percentage can be significantly smaller. It is, however, preferable that at least 1/2, and preferably 2/3, of the units are chiral.
Although it is possible to envisage units obtained by polycondensation, such as, for example, an amide unit as in polyamides or an ester unit as in polyesters, the most suitable chiral unit is a unit which can be obtained by the polymerization of chiral monomers possessing an unsaturated bond.
The chiral monomers may be obtained by the grafting of a group bearing unsaturation onto chiral groups; for the purpose of teaching, for example, there may be mentioned:
The monomers obtained by the amidation or esterification of acrylic acids, optionally substituted, by means of optically active molecules in which the asymmetric carbon is advantageously well exposed, as in the case where the active carbon forms part of a ring.
The coupling of the chiral derivatives with the acrylic radical may be carried out by means of an amide functional group (for example with amino acids or their derivatives such as, for example, the amides and esters) or an ester functional group. It may also be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art, for example vinyl groups may be grafted onto the aromatic rings of chiral derivatives possessing the latter, such as, for example, derivatives of phenylalanine and tryptophan and adrenaline derivatives and the like.
The chiral monomer may also be obtained by reciprocal coupling systems, such as, for example, the manufacture of enol esters from optically active acids such as amino acids, or of enol ether from an alcohol possessing an active group. It is also possible to utilize compounds possessing asymmetric carbons and a polymerizable double bond, after optical resolution where appropriate.
It is preferable that, in the chiral monomer generating the chiral unit, the double bond is close to the asymmetric carbon, more specifically it is preferable that the number of atoms between the double bond and the chiral center is at most equal to 5, preferably to 3 and most preferably to 2.
Moreover, the chiral unit advantageously possesses at least one functional group bearing hydrogen capable of forming hydrogen bonds with another chiral unit of the same kind. Among functional groups, acidic functional groups, alcohol functional groups including phenols, amide functional groups and amine functional groups may be mentioned.
Among chiral units usually employed, there may be mentioned, by way of examples, the acrylamides, optionally substituted at the acryl group, formed from the following amines:
prolinol, and optionally its derivatives in the form of esters or ethers of the alcohol functional group,
1-amino-1-phenylethanes, in particular 1-(N-methylamino)-1-phenylethane,
1-(N-alkylamino)-2-alkoxypropane in which the alkyl or alkoxy groups can represent linear or branched alkyls, preferably a methyl or a hydrogen,
1-pyrrolidinyl-2-methylpyrrolidine,
1-amino-1-alkyl-2-hyiroxyethane and its derivatives mono- or dimethylated on the nitrogen and on the alcohol. The derivative disubstituted on the nitrogen naturally being excluded since it is incapable of forming an amide bond with the acryl group (however it could be used if an acrylic ester is utilized as a chiral monomer).
Generally speaking, it is preferable that the chiral monomer generating the chiral unit is of low molecular weight, that is to say advantageously at most equal to 200, and preferably at most equal to approximately 150.
The functionalizing unit can be any unit bearing protective functions as defined in works well known to those skilled in the art, such as the work by Theodore W. Greene "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis" published by John WILEY and SONS, 1981, and that by J.F.W. McOmie, "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry" published by PLENUM PRESS, LONDON AND NEW YORK, 1973.
The protective groups may be converted to monomers giving functionalizing units in the same manner, when the appropriate changes are made, as in the case of the monomers and the chiral units. Thus, anilide groups converted to acrylanilides bearing said protective groups as defined above may be used as monomers generating the functionalizing units. Among protective groups giving the best results, aminobenzaldehyde derivatives, which are especially useful in the synthesis or deracemization of (primary) amino derivatives such as amino acids, may be mentioned.
Acryloyl derivatives (including methacryloyl derivatives), the derivatives derived by amidation with acrylic acids of the following derivatives:
CH3 --NH--C(R1)(R2)--CHO
with R1 or R2 aryl or aralkyl, may be mentioned.
It is also possible to devise the situation where the functionalizing units are units derived from the polymerization of chiral units of the above type, but onto which the envisaged protective function has been grafted.
It is very highly preferable that the polymer according to the present invention also contains crosslinking units. These crossbonding units are derived from monomers in general bearing 2 unsaturated bonds. These monomers are well known to those skilled in the art in the polymer field. Diesters or diamides of acrylic acids, obtained by the action of acrylating reagents on dialcohols or diamides, may be utilized in particular.
The different monomers are selected according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art so as to be compatible for the purpose of a smooth polymerization. The polymerization is not the only criterion; it is also advisable that the monomers do not interact with one another from a chemical standpoint. The molar percentage of the crosslinking agent is advantageously between 0 and 20% of the chiral unit, and preferably from 5 to 15, the functionalizing unit constituting the remainder of this functionalized chiral polymer.
Sequences of chiral monomer may be inserted into a non-chiral polymer.
The different monomers are selected in such a way that the mass ratios, compatible with the mole ratios given above, are advantageously between 50 and 65% for the chiral unit, between 5 and 15% by weight for the crosslinking unit and between 40 and 25% for the functionalizing unit.
The synthesis of the polymers according to the present invention is carried out according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Those which form the subject of Examples 1 to 3 may be taken as a paradigm.
The chiral polymers according to the present invention permit asymmetric synthesis, deracemization and optical inversion. The optical isomer obtained depends on the choice of the R or S form of the chiral monomer.
In the description which follows, the reactions of asymmetric synthesis and optical inversion will be utilized on amino acids as a paradigm of what it is possible to carry out by means of the monomer according to the present invention. In effect, the syntheses described below are well known to those skilled in the art, and have been described and exemplified numerous times in the scientific literature. The invention consists in carrying out the reactions of synthesis, inversion or racemization on the polymer according to the present invention, thereby enabling pure optically active compounds to be obtained and permitting deracemization or inversion according to techniques which usually permit racemization.
The subject of the present invention is, in addition, a process for the asymmetric synthesis, on a support, of amino acids from a prochiral derivative of general formula: ##STR1## in which n is equal to 0 or 1. R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aralkyl group, and
R2 represents a linear or branched C1 to C5 alkyl group or an aryl group,
which derivative is reversibly anchored, for example by the formation of a Schiff's base, to a chiral polymer functionalized with an aldehyde or the like, characterized in that:
in a first step, the derivative bonded to the chiral polymer is deprotonated with a strong base in a solvent, preferably aprotic and preferably polar, such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran;
in a second step, either alkylation or protonation of the deprotonated derivative bonded to the chiral polymer is performed, so as to create or recreate an asymmetric carbon on said derivative, and
in a third step, the Schiff's base is hydrolyzed to obtain an amino acid of general formula: ##STR2## where R1 and n are as defined above, and R3 represents an alkyl or aralkyl group,
R1 and R3 necessarily being different.
As a strong base, amides such as lithium diisopropylamide or lithium tetramethylpiperide, the lithium salt of hexamethyldisilazane, anions derived from alkanes, such as butyllithium, and alcoholates such as potassium tert-butylate. This list is not exhaustive.
According to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the present invention, protonation of the deprotonated derivative bonded to the chiral polymer is performed by adding water, an alcohol or an inorganic or organic acid.
According to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the present invention, alkylation of the deprotonated derivative bonded to the chiral polymer is performed with a halide of general formula R3 X, where X represents Cl, Br or I and R3 is as defined above. R3 can also be a functionalized group of the type
Z--(CH2)n --
in which n=1 to 4
Z=I, CN, CO2 R4 (R4 =alkyl), OR5 (R5 =CH3, tosyl, tetrahydropyranyl),
Y--NH (Y=benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl), R4 S, ##STR3##
The deprotonated derivative bonded to the chiral polymer can also react:
in aldolization and ketolization reactions with R6 CHO (R6 =alkyl, aryl or aralkyl) and with aliphatic or arylaliphatic ketones,
in 1,4-addition reactions with acrylic esters, acrylonitrile or acrolein.
According to an especially advantageous arrangement of this preferred embodiment of the process according to the present invention, the deprotonated derivative bonded to the chiral polymer is reacted with the halide R3 X for 1h to 4h.
To obtain, by the process according to the present invention, one or other of the two enantiomers of an amino acid, with an enantiomeric excess of more than 95%, the chiral polymer containing one of the two isomers, R or S, of N-acryloylprolinol is selected, according to the enantiomer desired.
In addition, by means of the use of a new support polymer in which the chiral bond is N-acryloylprolinol, it is possible to equilibrate the intermediate enolates without the need to work at low temperature.
The result of this is that, in contrast to the processes described in the prior art, which can be carried out only at very low temperatures, of the order of -70� to -80� C., the process according to the present invention may be carried out entirely at room temperature, and that it is even possible, surprisingly, to improve its outcome by a step of heating to moderate temperature, of the order of 60� to 70� C.
According to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the present invention, the asymmetric synthesis of amino acids on a support is performed at a temperature above 0� C.
According to another preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the derivative bonded to the polymer is heated to the refluxing temperature of tetrahydrofuran (67� C.) at the end of the first step for a period of 15 min to 4h.
Apart from the foregoing arrangements, the invention also comprises other arrangements which will become apparent from the description which follows.
The present invention will be better understood by means of the further description below, which relates to examples of preparation of the chiral support polymer, and to examples of embodiments of the process for the asymmetric synthesis of amino acids according to the present invention.
It should be clearly understood, however, that these examples are given only by way of illustration of the subject of the invention, and in no way constitute a limitation of the latter.
The enantiomeric excesses (ee) are determined either by measurement of the optical rotations, or preferably using Marfey's reagent (Carlsberg Res. Comm., 1984, 49, 591) which permits separation of the diastereoisomers by reversed-phase HPLC with excellent precision.
I--PREPARATION OF A CHIRAL SUPPORT POLYMER
10.1 g (0.065 mole) of (R)- or (S)-N-acryloylprolinol, 1.3 g of bis(acryloyl)-N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine and 3.6 g (0.019 mole) of N-acryloyl-N-methyl-p-aminobenzaldehyde are added to 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran, followed by the addition of 1.5 g of azoisobutyronitrile. The mixture is heated for 1 h to reflux, cooled to room temperature and filtered. The product is washed successively with EtOH+10% of ether and with CH2 Cl2 +10% of ether. The residue is suspended in 50 ml of ether and the lumps are broken up with a spatula. The product is filtered off and dried under vacuum over P2 O5 at room temperature. It is sieved between 0.08 mm and 0.2 mm. Yield 90-95%.
The load, measured by oxime formation, is 1.1 meq CHO per gram.
The same quantities of the three monomers utilized in Example 1 are dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of alcohol and water. After degassing with a sonic probe, a stream of nitrogen is bubbled through for 15 min. A solution of 0.3 g of ammonium persulfate in 1 ml of water is then added, followed, after homogenization, by the addition of 0.3 ml of tetramethylethylenediamine. The mixture is homogenized and, after a few minutes, the temperature rises by 4� to 7� C.
The mixture is left for 1 h and filtered and the product is washed with acetone and alcohol. The resin is suspended in ether and the procedure is as in Example 1. Yield 90-95% after sieving. Load identical to that of Example 1.
Paraffin oil (400 ml) and sorbitane trioleate (Fluka SPAN� 85) (0.3 ml) are introduced into a 2-1 cylindrical reactor equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen inlet. A strong stream of nitrogen is bubbled through for 30 minutes before the introduction of (R)- or (S)-N-acryloylprolinol (0.12 mole), bis(acryloyl)-N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (0.013 mole) and N-acryloyl-N-methyl-p-aminobenzaldehyde (0.035 mole), these compounds being diluted in water (110 ml) and ethanol or dimethylformamide (110 ml). The mixture is stirred under a slow stream of nitrogen and the stirrer speed is adjusted until the suspended drops reach a diameter in the region of 0.1 mm. A solution of 0.5 g of ammonium persulfate in 1 ml of water is then added, followed by the addition of 0.36 ml of tetramethylethylenediamine. After a short induction period, the temperature rises to around 30� C. After 30 min, the mixture is diluted with petroleum ether. The polymer beads are collected on a Buchner covered with a nylon mesh (100 um), washed copiously successively with petroleum ether, acetone, aqueous acetone (1:1), water, ethanol and ether and finally dried under vacuum over P2 O5 at room temperature. Yield 90-95% of resin beads (diameter between 0.1 and 0.2 mm). Load identical to that of Example 1.
II ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS
10 g of copolymer obtained in Examples 1, 2 or 3 from (S)-prolinol and 2.9 g of racemic t-butyl alaninate in 150 ml of toluene and a few drops of boron trifluoride etherate are heated to reflux, removing the water formed by means of a Dean and Stark trap. When the reaction is complete, the mixture is allowed to return to room temperature and the resin is filtered off, washed with dichloromethane and ether and dried under vacuum over P2 O5 at room temperature.
To a stirred suspension of the Schiff's base thereby obtained, in 200 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, a solution of lithium diisopropylamide (50 moles) in 90 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added at room temperature. The mixture is heated for 2 h under reflux and cooled to 20� C., 40 ml of water are added and the mixture is left for 2 h. The resin is then filtered off and copiously washed successively with tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and anhydrous ether.
A suspension of the above resin in 200 ml of 1.5 N hydrochloric acid is stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The solid is filtered off and washed with 200 ml of water, and the filtrates are combined and concentrated to dryness under vacuum.
The residue of amino acid hydrochloride is stirred for 1 h with 10 ml of hexamethyldisilazane. The insoluble matter is filtered off and 20 ml of methanol are added to the filtrate; after 10 min, the solvent is evaporated off and the residue of (R)-alanine is dried under vacuum. Yield 95-97%; enantiomeric excess (determined by polarimetry) 96-98%.
The recovered resin can be recycled after drying.
The same operation as in Example 4 is carried out with a polymer prepared from (R)-prolinol. (S)-Alanine is obtained with the same chemical yield and the same enantioselectivity.
The same procedure as in Example 4 is carried out, but the whole deprotonation and reprotonation reaction is performed at -78� C. (R)-Aniline is obtained with an ee=61%.
The same operation as in Example 4 is carried out, but starting with t-butyl (RS)-valinate. (R)-Valine is obtained with a 95-97% yield and an ee =98-99%.
Same operation as in Example 4, but the supported Schiff's base is prepared from t-butyl glycinate. After formation of the enolate by the action of lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran at 20�, the mixture is heated for 2 h under reflux and cooled to 20�, 15 moles of methyl iodide in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran are added dropwise and the mixture is left for 2 h.
After treatment as described in Example 4, (S)-alanine is isolated with a 95-97% yield and an ee=98-99%.
Same procedure as in Example 8, utilizing a copolymer prepared from (R)-prolinol. Under these conditions, (R)-alanine is isolated with the same yield and the same enantioselectivity as in Example 8.
Same procedure as in Example 8, but avoiding bringing the enolate to reflux. (S)-Alanine is obtained with an ee=82%.
In each of the processes illustrated by the examples above, around ten recyclings of the polymer were carried out without loss of yield or of enantio-selectivity.
As is apparent from the foregoing, the invention is in no way limited to those of its embodiments and methods of implementation and application which have just been described more explicitly; it encompasses, on the contrary, all variants which may occur to the specialist in the field, without falling outside the scope or the range of the present invention.
The same operation as in Examples 4 and 7 is carried out starting with t-butyl (RS)-phenylalaninate. (R)-Phenylalanine is obtained with a 95-97% yield and an ee>99%.
The same operation as in Example 8 is carried out, but replacing methyl iodide by isopropyl iodide.
After treatment as described, (S)-valine is isolated with a 95-97% yield and an ee>99%.
The same operation as in Example 8 is carried out, but replacing methyl iodide by benzyl bromide. (S)-Phenylalanine (sic) is isolated with a 95-97% yield and an ee>99%.
The same operation as in Example 4 is carried out, but starting with t-butyl (S)-alaninate. (R)-Alanine is obtained with a quantitative yield and with an ee>99%.
The same operation as in Example 4 is carried out, but utilizing the N-acryloyl derivative of (R)-methylbenzylamine as a bond agent. Utilizing 5 equivalents of LDA, (R)-alanine is isolated with a 95% yield and an ee=86%. The ee falls to 37% if 1 equivalent of LDA is employed.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4138542 *Apr 28, 1978Feb 6, 1979Basf AktiengesellschaftPolymers which contain 2-(4-methyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-propyl-N-acrylamide or -N-methacrylamide groupsUS4156765 *Feb 27, 1978May 29, 1979Basf AktiengesellschaftOptically active polymers containing methylpinane groupsUS4315089 *Nov 13, 1979Feb 9, 1982Basf AktiengesellschaftPolymers containing aromatic aldehyde groupsUS4424312 *Mar 16, 1981Jan 3, 1984Polymer Sciences CorporationPreparation of amino acids in high optical yield via catalytic hydrogenationUS4436874 *Nov 10, 1982Mar 13, 1984Societe D'expansion Scientifique "Expansia"Acrylic copolymers and their use in solid phase peptide synthesisUS4439545 *Nov 10, 1982Mar 27, 1984Societe D "Expansion Scientifique "Expansia"Acrylic copolymers of N-acryloylpolymethyleneimines or N-acryloyldialkylamides, N,N'-acryloyldiaminoalcanes and N-acryloylaminoacids (or esters) their preparation and use as cation exchangersUS4604451 *Nov 13, 1984Aug 5, 1986Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd.Novel functionalized resin derived from polyallylamineUS4914159 *Mar 1, 1988Apr 3, 1990Bayer AktiengesellschaftOptically active (meth)acrylamides, a process for their preparation, and their use for racemate resolutionUS4931525 *Nov 21, 1988Jun 5, 1990Bayer AktiengesellschaftOptical active (meth)acrylamides and polymers thereof for racemate resolutionEP0300448A2 *Jul 20, 1988Jan 25, 1989Mitsubishi Kasei CorporationSeparation mediumFR2515645A1 * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1"Harrap's French and English Science Dictionary," Dr. D. E. Hathway (Consultant Editor), Harrap Limited, Great Britain, 1985, p. 167.2"Organic Chemistry," Robert T. Morrison and Robert N. Boyd, Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Fifth Edition, 1987, pp. 131-132.3Calmes et al., "Supramolecular Asymmetric Induction : A New Concept Applied to the Supported Enantioselective Synthesis of α'-Amino Acids," Tetrahedron, 46:6021-6032 (1990).4 *Calmes et al., Supramolecular Asymmetric Induction : A New Concept Applied to the Supported Enantioselective Synthesis of Amino Acids, Tetrahedron, 46:6021 6032 (1990).5Colwell et al., "Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids and Esters Using Polymer-Bound Oxazolines," J. Org. Chem., 46:3097-3102 (1981).6 *Colwell et al., Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids and Esters Using Polymer Bound Oxazolines, J. Org. Chem., 46:3097 3102 (1981).7Frechet et al., "Polymer Assisted Asymmetric Reactions.II.*Synthesis and Application of a Crosslinked Resin Containing (R)-1-(4-Vinylphenyl)Ethylamine," Reactive Polymers, 227-235 (1982).8 *Frechet et al., Polymer Assisted Asymmetric Reactions.II.*Synthesis and Application of a Crosslinked Resin Containing (R) 1 (4 Vinylphenyl)Ethylamine, Reactive Polymers, 227 235 (1982).9 *Harrap s French and English Science Dictionary, Dr. D. E. Hathway (Consultant Editor), Harrap Limited, Great Britain, 1985, p. 167.10 *J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., 1977, pp. 816 819.11J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., 1977, pp. 816-819.12Kawana et al., "Asymmetric Synthesis with Sugar Derivatives. V.1,2) The Synthesis of α-Hydroxy Acids on Insoluble Polymer Supports," Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 47:160-165 (1974).13 *Kawana et al., Asymmetric Synthesis with Sugar Derivatives. V. 1,2 ) The Synthesis of Hydroxy Acids on Insoluble Polymer Supports, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 47:160 165 (1974).14M. Calmes et al., "Polyacrylic Crosslinked Resins With Pendant Chirality As Auxiliary In Supported Asymmetric Synthesis," Tetrahedron Letters, Pergamon Journal, 27(36):4303-4306 (1986).15 *M. Calmes et al., Polyacrylic Crosslinked Resins With Pendant Chirality As Auxiliary In Supported Asymmetric Synthesis, Tetrahedron Letters, Pergamon Journal, 27(36):4303 4306 (1986).16McArthur et al., "Polymer Supported Enantioselective Reactions.II. α-Methylation of Cyclohexanone", Can. J. Chem., 60:1836-1841.17McArthur et al., "Polymer Supported Enantioselective Reactions.III. Protonation of Lithioenamine Derivatives of Racemic 2-Methylcyclohexanone," Can. J. Chem. 60:2984-45 (1982).18 *McArthur et al., Polymer Supported Enantioselective Reactions.II. Methylation of Cyclohexanone , Can. J. Chem., 60:1836 1841.19 *McArthur et al., Polymer Supported Enantioselective Reactions.III. Protonation of Lithioenamine Derivatives of Racemic 2 Methylcyclohexanone, Can. J. Chem. 60:2984 45 (1982).20 *Organic Chemistry, Robert T. Morrison and Robert N. Boyd, Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Fifth Edition, 1987, pp. 131 132.21Peter Marfey, "Determination of d-Amino Acids.II.Use of a Bifunctional Reagent, 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene, Carlsberg Res. Commun.", 49:591-596 (1984).22 *Peter Marfey, Determination of d Amino Acids.II.Use of a Bifunctional Reagent, 1,5 Difluoro 2,4 Dinitrobenzene, Carlsberg Res. Commun. , 49:591 596 (1984).23 *R. E. Dickerson and I. Geis, The Structure and Action of Proteins, p. 79: Harper & Row, New York, 1969.24 *V. P. Shibaev et al. (1979) J. Polym. Sci. Polym Chem Ed., 17, 1655 1670.25V. P. Shibaev et al. (1979) J. Polym. Sci. Polym Chem Ed., 17, 1655-1670.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5391634 *Jan 21, 1994Feb 21, 1995The Dow Chemical CompanyOptically-active, amphiphilic, water-soluble free-radical addition copolymers and their use in the resolution of racemic mixturesUS5435919 *Nov 17, 1994Jul 25, 1995The Dow Chemical CompanyOptically-active, amhiphilic, water-soluble free-radical addition copolymers and their use in the resolution of racemic mixturesUS6713580Dec 6, 2001Mar 30, 2004Pharmacore, Inc.Quaternary amino acids on solid supportsUS6809207Jul 24, 2002Oct 26, 2004Pharmacore, Inc.Amino acid derivativesUS6930200Jun 26, 2003Aug 16, 2005Pharmacore, Inc.Multicomponent synthesis of amino acids and derivatives thereofUS20040038771 *Jun 20, 2003Feb 26, 2004Fox Gerald P.Epicyclic drive with unified planet assembliesWO2000043352A1 *Jan 21, 2000Jul 27, 2000Adnan M M MjalliA method for the synthesis of compounds of formula 1 and derivatives thereof* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification526/263, 562/401, 564/304, 562/554, 562/575, 526/304, 526/306, 564/303, 562/445, 526/315, 564/302, 562/553, 526/305, 526/312International ClassificationC08F246/00Cooperative ClassificationC08F246/00European ClassificationC08F246/00Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 27, 1997FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jun 27, 2001FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jun 21, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

value: Google Patents is a search engine from Google that indexes patents and patent applications.


text:
Inbound links from VERY high PR sites | Engineering | Internet Marketing | MySQL | PHP | Software Architecture | Software Testing | Web Hosting | Website Management | Website Testing
Inbound links from VERY high PR sites
I need to boost the PR of some of my websites, I think the best way to do this is with quality high PR links, NOT huge numbers of links from lots of low PR sites. Also - I think that MULTIPLE links from the same high PR website also helps. My main objectice is raise the PR of one of my sites to PR 4. I also have 65 other sites that I use as link resources only. I want to raise the PR of these to PR2 min. I think this would be a suitable project for a web company that already owns MANY high PR sites, on different class C IP. I would like to pay, not on the number of links, but achieving the target PR. ## Deliverables
inbound receive, need quality inbound links, class server boost, php inbound link, raise link, need lots links, links number quality, best php class, bid inbound, need inbound, bid inbound project, software pr links, site high pr, raise sites, pr sites link pr, pr sites, pr php, pr links site, pr links, low bid sites, links pr sites, link pr website, link pr sites, inbound marketing, inbound bid

value: Freelance (sometimes spelled free-lance or free lance), freelancer, or freelance worker, are terms commonly used for a person who is self-employed and not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term. Freelance workers are sometimes represented by a company or a temporary agency that resells freelance labor to clients; others work independently or use professional associations or websites to get work.


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PALO ALTO, Calif., Dec. 20, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Inpixon (INPX), a leading indoor positioning and data analytics company, today reported that it has shipped a record number of its flagship IPA Sensor model 4000SE in Q4 2018. The shipments will represent an increase of more than 100% over its highest number of shipments in any prior quarter. The company has seen strong shipments of both wall- or ceiling-mounted SKUs as well as IPA Portable Sensor Kits (PSK) into the U.S., Canada, Europe and the Middle East across a number of industries including government, corrections, high tech, retail, finance, telecom and events.
"I believe the increased shipments validate that the market needs the high level of innovation delivered by our products," said Nadir Ali, Inpixon CEO. "For example, the sensors from other companies pick up only Wi-Fi...or only Bluetooth; they miss many wireless devices. We believe the market is turning to Inpixon because our sensors see more of the unseen. Inpixon IPA detects and locates Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular and active RFID devices. We also apply advanced algorithms including machine learning artificial intelligence (AI) to deliver faster, more accurate, and more insightful intelligence. This quarter we've also proven we can scale production to meet the increased demand. We believe this is important because research firm MarketsandMarkets forecasts this market will grow at 42% CAGR to USD 40.99 Billion by 2022."

value: Yahoo (, styled as yahoo!) is an American web services provider. It is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California and operated by the namesake Yahoo!


text:
April 8, 2013 f...
April 8, 2013 for earnings as best as I can find, might be right?
Apr 08, 2013 / 12:00AM Earnings
Dec 2012 Security Natl A Earnings Release
More LinksSummaryHistorical PricesInteractive ChartHeadlinesMarket PulseCompetitorsKey StatisticsInsider TransactionsIncome StatementBalance SheetCashflowTechnical Analysis Top Stories Mohamed El-Erian identifies 2 Brexit silver linings The one reason Europeans are willing to put their countries' economy … Lew: No sense of financial crisis developing Texas 'Frack Master' bilked investors out of millions, SEC says Fed's Yellen pulls out of ECB gathering in Portugal Trump eyes executive orders to sidestep congressional gridlock 4.75-0.02(-0.42%)Jun 24 4:00 PMEDT