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Patent US4498047 - Integrated circuit mounting apparatus - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn apparatus for mounting an integrated circuit for temporary testing or the like. The mounting apparatus includes a stage or platform which is utilized to support an integrated circuit and which is mechanically biased into an upper position. The stage can be urged into a lower position and temporarily...http://www.google.com/patents/US4498047?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4498047 - Integrated circuit mounting apparatusAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4498047 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/444,971Publication dateFeb 5, 1985Filing dateNov 29, 1982Priority dateNov 29, 1982Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA1209725A1, EP0127655A1, EP0127655A4, WO1984002195A1Publication number06444971, 444971, US 4498047 A, US 4498047A, US-A-4498047, US4498047 A, US4498047AInventorsDonald L. Hexamer, Randy D. Spence, Johnny HesselbergOriginal AssigneeCustom Automation Designs, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (14), Referenced by (29), Classifications (17), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetIntegrated circuit mounting apparatus
US 4498047 AAbstract
An apparatus for mounting an integrated circuit for temporary testing or the like. The mounting apparatus includes a stage or platform which is utilized to support an integrated circuit and which is mechanically biased into an upper position. The stage can be urged into a lower position and temporarily restrained in that position. The mounting apparatus includes a plurality of conductive elements disposed adjacent to the stage which are utilized to conductively contact the leads of an integrated circuit while the stage is restrained in the lower position. Upon the completion of testing or utilization the stage may be restored to the upper position, automatically releasing the integrated circuit.
1. An integrated circuit mounting apparatus for utilization in testing integrated circuit devices comprising:a stage element movable between a first position and a second position and having an upper surface suitable for supporting an integrated circuit device having a plurality of conductive leads disposed along the periphery thereof; biasing means for urging said stage element into said first position; restraining means for temporarily restraining said stage element in said second position; a plurality of conductive elements disposed adjacent to the periphery of said stage element wherein movement of said stage element into said second position will permit said plurality of said conductive elements to contact said plurality of conductive leads at a point above the upper surface of said stage element and wherein movement of said stage element into said first position will permit said integrated circuit device to be lifted from said upper surface of said stage element; and releasing means for selectively releasing said stage element from said second position. 2. The integrated circuit mounting apparatus for utilization in testing integrated circuit devices according to claim 1 wherein said first position is an upper position and said second position is a lower position and wherein said restraining means is effective to restrain said stage element in said lower position in response to said stage element being urged downward.
3. The integrated circuit mounting apparatus for utilization in testing integrated circuit devices according to claim 2 wherein said releasing means is effective to release said stage element from said lower postion in response to said stage element being urged downward.
4. The integrated circuit mounting apparatus for utilization in testing integrated circuit devices according to claim 2 wherein said stage element is coupled to a rotatable cam element, said cam element adapted to engage selected ones of a plurality of circumferentially spaced undulating cam slots whereby each downward urging of said stage element is effective to rotate said cam element.
5. The integrated circuit mounting apparatus for utilization in testing integrated circuit devices according to claim 1 wherein said stage element is mounted within a socket adapted to receive said stage element and wherein said restraining means comprises means for temporarily restricting movement between said stage element and said socket.
6. An integrated circuit mounting apparatus for utilization in testing integrated circuit devices comprising:a stage element movable between a raised position and a lowered position and having an upper surface suitable for supporting an integrated circuit device having a plurality of conductive leads disposed along the periphery thereof; a socket element including a first aperture for surroundingly engaging said stage element; a plurality of electrically conductive elements disposed within said socket element adjacent to said stage element wherein movement of said stage element into said lowered position will permit said plurality of conductive elements to contact said plurality of conductive leads at a point above said upper surface of said stage element and wherein movement of said stage element into said raised position will permit said integrated circuit device to be lifted from said upper surface of said stage element; a pedestal element including a plurality of circumferentially spaced alternating long and short cam slots; a rotatable cam elements coupled to said stage element and disposed within said pedestal element, said cam element adapted to engage alternate ones of said cam slots; and means for rotating said cam element in response to each downward urging of said stage element. 7. The integrated circuit mounting apparatus for utilization in testing integrated circuit devices according to claim 5 wherein said means for rotating said cam element comprises a second cam element adapted to selectively engage said first cam element.
8. An integrated circuit mounting apparatus comprising:a stage element movable between a raised position and a lowered position and adapted to support an integrated circuit device having a plurality of leads; a socket element including a first aperture adapted to surroundingly engage said stage element; a plurality of electrically conductive elements disposed within said socket element adjacent to said stage element and adapted to conductively contact the leads of an integrated circuit device supported by said stage element while said stage element is in the lowered position; biasing means for urging said stage element into the raised position; a second aperture disposed within said socket element adjacent to a side of said stage element; a protuberance from a side of said stage element adapted to engage said second aperture in response to said stage element being urged downward and effective to restrict movement between said stage element and said socket element while so engaged, whereby said stage element is restrained in the lowered position; and means for selectively disengaging said protuberance from said second aperture. 9. The integrated circuit mounting apparatus of claim 8 wherein said biasing means comprises a metallic spring.
10. The integrated circuit mounting apparatus of claim 8 wherein said protuberance comprises a spherical member disposed within a cylindrical aperture in a side of said stage element and a second biasing means for urging said spherical member out of said cylindrical aperture.
11. The integrated circuit mounting apparatus of claim 8 wherein said second biasing means comprises a metallic spring.
12. An integrated circuit mounting apparatus comprising:a stage element movable between a raised position and a lowered position and adapted to support an integrated circuit device having a plurality of leads; a socket element including a first aperture adapted to surroundingly engage said stage element; a plurality of electrically conductive elements disposed within said socket element adjacent to said stage element and adapted to conductively contact the leads of an integrated circuit device supported by said stage element while said stage element is in the lowered position; biasing means for urging said stage element into the raised position; a pivot and bearing pin slidably mounted in a slotted aperture in at least one side of said socket element; and a cam slot disposed in at least one side of said stage element for receiving said pivot and bearing pin; said cam slot adapted to urge said pivot and bearing pin between a first detent and a second detent in response to said stage element being urged downward.
13. The integrated circuit mounting apparatus of claim 12 wherein said slotted aperture is perpendicular to the line of movement of said stage element.
This invention relates in general to apparatus for mounting integrated circuits and in particular to apparatus for mounting integrated circuits which include quick reease mechanisms to facilitate insertion and release of the integrated circuit device.
Integrated circuits are typically mounted on a metallic lead frame and then encased in ceramic or plastic packages. Such packages are usually constructed with metallic leads extending from each of two sides of the package in what is known as a dual in-line package (DIP); however, recently integrated circuits have been constructed with edge connectors instead of conventional leads. Then edge connectors can be disposed along each edge of the package, or along any number of edges.
In operative environments, integrated circuits with metallic leads are generally soldered into place through a printed circuit board, or inserted into a socket which has been mounted to the printed circuit board. The sockets typically utilized include apertures for receiving each lead and friction connectors for retaining each lead in conductive contact with a conductor within the socket. In those applications in which an integrated circuit must be inserted into such a socket and then removed and reinserted elsewhere, as in testing, it is critical for the operator to ensure that the integrated circuit device leads are accurately lined up with the apertures in the socket to prevent bending or breaking of the metallic leads and the resultant malfunction of the device.
The edge connector integrated circuit devices were intended to alleviate the problems associated with socket mounting of integrated circuits; however, it is still necessary to ensure that each of the edge connectors is in conductive contact with the socket to obtain proper operation. Those skilled in the art have appreciated for some time that a great need exists for an improved integrated circuit mounting apparatus that permits simple mounting and reliable releasing of integrated circuit devices.
It is therefore one object of the present invention to provide an improved integrated circuit mounting apparatus.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved integrated circuit mounting apparatus which permits an individual to rapidly insert and remove an integrated circuit device.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an improved integrated circuit mounting apparatus which permits rapid insertion and removal of an integrated circuit device without damage to the device or the metallic leads associated with the device.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved integrated circuit mounting apparatus which may be simply and inexpensively constructed.
The foregoing objects are achieved as is now described. The mounting apparatus includes a stage or platform which is utilized to support an integrated circuit and which is mechanically biased into an upper position. The stage can be urged into a lower position and temporarily restrained in that position. The mounting apparatus includes a plurality of conductive elements disposed adjacent to the stage which are utilized to conductively contact the leads of an integrated circuit while the stage is restrained in the lower position. Upon the completion of testing or utilization the stage may be restored to the upper position, automatically releasing the integrated circuit.
FIG. 1 depicts a sectional side view of one embodiment of the novel integrated circuit mounting apparatus of the present invention prior to insertion of an integrated circuit;
FIG. 2 depicts a sectional side view of the novel integrated circuit mounting apparatus of FIG. 1 after insertion of an integrated circuit;
FIG. 3 depicts an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the novel integrated circuit mounting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 depicts an enlarged plan view of the operation of the cam slot of the apparatus of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partially schematic perspective view of a mounting pedestal utilized in a third embodiment of the novel apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a development of the cam surfaces circumferentially disposed within the mounting pedestal of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a partially schematic perspective view of an alternate mounting pedestal utilized in the third embodiment of the novel apparatus of the present invention; and
FIG. 8 is a development of the cam surfaces circumferentially disposed within the mounting pedestal of FIG. 7.
With reference now to FIG. 1, there is depicted a sectional side view of one embodiment of the novel integrated circuit mounting apparatus of the present invention. The mounting apparatus of FIG. 1 includes a movable stage or support platform 10 which is utilized to support an integrated circuit 12. Stage 10 is mechanically biased into the position depicted in FIG. 1 by means of spring 14, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that alternate methods of providing mechanical bias may be utilized.
Stage 10 is preferably mounted within a socket 30 formed by wall sections 16 and 18, and in a preferred embodiment of this invention, the socket is gnerally rectangular in shape and includes two additional wall sections joining wall sections 16 and 18, which are not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Wall sections 16 and 18 are flexibly mounted by means of springs 20 and 22 to base section 24.
Disposed within wall sections 16 and 18 are a plurality of conductive knife edge contacts 26 which each include a flexible neck 28 which permits contacts 26 to pivot as indicated in FIG. 1. In this manner, contacts 26 will pivot into wall sections 16 and 18 to permit integrated circuit 12 to enter socket 30, and will pivot out into socket 30 to conductively contact the leads of integrated circuit 12. Additionally, wall sections 16 and 18 each include an aperture 32 adapted to receive spherical members 34 in the manner depicted in FIG. 2. Spherical members 34 are biased into contact with wall sections 16 and 18 by means of spring 36.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the integrated circuit mounting apparatus of FIG. 1 is depicted in the lowered position. As can be seen, as integrated circuit 12 and stage 10 are urged downward, spherical members 34 will engage apertures 32 due to the bias provided by spring 36. As spherical members 34 engage apertures 32, stage 10 is restrained in the lowered position as depicted, enabling contacts 26 to conductively contact the leads of integrated circuit 12. A plurality of electrical conductors (not shown) may be simply connected to contacts 26 to permit integrated circuit 12 to be tested or operated. In order to quickly and easily release integrated circuit 12 from this embodiment of the present invention, wall sections 16 and 18 may be depressed against the bias of springs 20 and 22, causing apertures 32 to move downward below the lowest possible point attainable by spherical members 34. Spherical members 34 are then urged out of apparatus 32 and back into stage 10, against the bias of spring 36, allowing stage 10 to move upward under the bias of spring 14, releasing integrated circuit 12.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is depicted an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the novel integrated circuit mounting apparatus of the present invention. Where possible, reference numerals utilized in FIGS. 1 and 2 have been utilized in FIG. 3 for corresponding elements. As can be seen in FIG. 3, socket 30 is generally rectangular in form and is formed of four wall sections including wall sections 16 and 18. Contacts 26 are pivotally mounted as in FIGS. 1 and 2 and extend into socket 30 in order to contact the leads of integrated circuit 12. Stage 10 is mounted within socket 30 and biased toward the upward position by means of spring 14, as in the first embodiment of the present invention.
In this second embodiment of the present invention, cam slot 42 is disposed in at least one side of stage 10 and is utilized to engage pivot and baring pin 40 which is slidably mounted in slot 38 of wall section 44. The cooperative action of cam slot 42 and pivot and bearing pin 40 serve to restrain stage 10 in the lowered and raised positions in a manner which will best be understood upon reference to FIG. 4. As in previous embodiments of the present invention, stage 10, with integrated circuit 12 disposed thereon, when restrained in the lowered position will permit contacts 26 to conductively contact the leads of integrated circuit 12.
With reference now to FIG. 4, there is depicted an enlarged plan view of the operation of cam slot 42 of the apparatus of FIG. 3. Cam slot 42 comprises a depressed section of one side of stage 10 which may be formed during the manufacture of stage 10, by means of injection molding or any other known process for manufacturing such articles. Cam slot 42 engages pivot and bearing pin 40 and includes a first detent 48 and a second detent 50 which correspond to the lowered and raised positions of stage 10 respectively. Those skilled in the art, upon reference to the shape of cam slot 42 will appreciate that when stage 10 is urged downward, pivot and bearing pin 40 will be urged upward in cam slot 42 and will follow the periphery of cam slot 42 to secondary detent 52. In like manner, as stage 10 is released, the bias provided by spring 14 will urge stage 10 and cam slot 42 upward, causing pivot and bearing pin 40 to follow the path outlined in FIG. 4 and be urged toward detent 50. While pivot and bearing pin 40 is disposed in detent 50, stage 10 is disposed in its raised position, maintained in this position by the bias of spring 14.
The next cycle of pivot and bearing pin 40 and cam slot 42 occurs at the next downward urging of stage 10, causing pivot and bearing pin 40 to raise within cam slot 42, following the contours of cam slot 42 to secondary detent 54. Those skilled in the art will again appreciate that upon the release of stage 10, pivot and bearing pin 40 will return to detent 48, thus restraining stage 10 in the lowered position within socket 30. In this manner, it should be apparent that each successive downward urging of stage 10 will cause stage 10 to alternate between its raised and lowered position. This simple operation should greatly enhance the reliability and rapidity with which an operator can insert and remove an integrated circuit device.
With reference now to FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8, there are depicted two versions of a third embodiment of the present invention and development views of the cam surfaces disposed circumferentially within each version.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is depicted a mounting pedestal 56 which serves to mount stage 10 within a socket 30 (not shown) in this embodiment of the present invention. Mounting pedestal 56 includes a plurality of cam slots 58 and 60 circumferentially disposed along its inner surface. Cam slots 58 and cam slots 60 alternate around the circumference of mounting pedestal 56 and also alternate in comparative length, cam slots 58 being longer than cam slots 60. A rotatable cam element 62 is also disposed within mounting pedestal 56 and is biased upward by means of spring 14. Cam element 62 is also designed to engage alternate ones of the cam slots provided. In this manner, cam element 62 will engage either cam slots 58 or cam slots 60. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that upon engaging cam slots 58, cam element 62 will be urged upward by spring 14 to a raised position, and that while engaging cam slots 60, cam element 62 will be restrained in a lowered position against the bias of spring 14 by the dimensions of cam slots 60. Stage 10 (not shown) is coupled to cam actuator 64 which is designed to fit into mounting pedestal 56 and to engage the raised portions of cam element 62.
The operation of the apparatus of FIG. 5 can best be understood upon reference to the development view depicted in FIG. 6. As can be seen in FIG. 6, cam actuator 64 engages the uppermost portion of cam element 62, and cam element 62 is engaged in cam slots 60. A downward urging of stage 10, which is coupled to or formed by cam actuator 64, will cause cam element 62 to be urged downward. As cam actuator 64 reaches its lowermost position, adjoining the bottommost points 68 of cam slots 58 and 60, the bias provided by spring 14 will urge cam element 62 upward, rotating cam element 62 to the right, as depicted in FIG. 6. It should be apparent that as cam actuator 64 is released, cam element 62 will be urged upward into cam slots 58. Conversely, beginning with cam element 62 engaging cam slots 58, a downward urging of cam actuator 64 in combination with the bias of spring 14, will again urge cam element 62 to the right, permitting cam element 62 to engage cam slots 60 when cam actuator 64 is rleased. In this manner, as in the previous embodiment of the present invention, each downward urging of stage 10 and integrated circuit 12 will cause the integrated circuit mounting apparatus of the present invention to alternate between its raised and lowered position, thus permitting simple engagement and release of the integrated circuit device.
With reference now to FIGS. 7 and 8, an alternate mounting pedestal for this third embodiment of the present invention is depicted. As in FIG. 5, mounting pedestal 56 includes a plurality of cam slots 58 and 60 circumferentially disposed along its inner surface. Again, cam slots 58 and cam slots 60 alternate around the circumference of mounting pedestal 56 and also alternate in comparative length, cam slots 58 again being longer than cam slots 60. A rotatable cam element 62 is disposed within mounting pedestal 56 and in this embodiment of the present invention, is coupled to or formed on stage 10 (not shown). As in FIG. 5, cam element 62 is designed to engage alternate ones of the cam slots provided and is biased upward by the action of spring 14.
The operation of the apparatus of FIG. 7 can best be understood upon reference to the development view depicted in FIG. 8. As can be seen in FIG. 8, a downward urging of stage 10 (not shown) which is coupled to cam element 62, will cause cam element 62 to move downward engaging cam actuator 66. A continued downward urging of cam element 62 will urge cam element 62 to the left, as depicted in FIG. 8, in response to the downward urging and the mating surfaces of cam element 62 and fixed cam actuator 66. As stage 10 (not shown) is released, cam element 62 will respond to the urging of spring 14 and will be urged upward, engaging the bottommost surface of cam slots 58 and 60. The bottommost surfaces of cam slots 58 and 60 will serve to urge cam element 62 to the left, permitting cam element 62 to engage cam slots 58. Similarly, with cam element 62 engaging cam slots 58, a downward urging of stage 10 will cause cam element 62 to engage fixed cam actuator 66 and move to the left, thus permitting cam element 62 to engage cam slot 60 in response to the urging of spring 14 upon the release of stage 10. Again, those skilled in the art will appreciate that in this embodiment of the present invention, successive downward urgings of stage 10 will cause the stage to alternate between a raised and lowered position, thus permitting highly reliable engagement and release of an integrated circuit device.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3137276 *Aug 30, 1955Jun 16, 1964Kahn David IncProtract-retract mechanism and writing instrument including sameUS3188598 *Jun 20, 1962Jun 8, 1965Bell Telephone Labor IncPrinted circuit board connectorUS3191329 *Jun 21, 1963Jun 29, 1965Radiant Pen CorpDisplay cap ball-point penUS3302619 *Jun 4, 1965Feb 7, 1967Jacob Ritter Kom GesBall pressure mechanism for pensUS3402379 *Mar 14, 1966Sep 17, 1968Korry Mfg CoAlternate latch and unlatch and eject mechanism operated by unidirectional forcesUS3573617 *Oct 27, 1967Apr 6, 1971Aai CorpMethod and apparatus for testing packaged integrated circuitsUS3586451 *Dec 13, 1968Jun 22, 1971Canton RaimondoWriting instrumentUS3611250 *Sep 10, 1969Oct 5, 1971Amp IncIntegrated circuit module and assemblyUS3701077 *Dec 29, 1969Oct 24, 1972Tech Inc KElectronic componentsUS3805159 *Nov 22, 1971Apr 16, 1974Delta Design IncContactor unit for integrated circuit testingUS4012097 *Oct 17, 1975Mar 15, 1977Everett/Charles, Inc.Combined test clip and component extraction toolUS4112363 *Dec 27, 1976Sep 5, 1978Lockheed Aircraft CorporationMulticontact test probe apparatusUS4190311 *Feb 26, 1979Feb 26, 1980Tektronix, Inc.Low-profile test clip adapterUS4329642 *Mar 9, 1979May 11, 1982Siliconix, IncorporatedCarrier and test socket for leadless integrated circuit* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4678255 *Apr 3, 1986Jul 7, 1987Wells Electronics, Inc.Chip connectorUS4683423 *Oct 30, 1985Jul 28, 1987Precision Monolithics, Inc.Leadless chip test socketUS4715823 *Nov 21, 1986Dec 29, 1987Texas Instruments IncorporatedPlug-in socket assembly for integrated circuit packageUS4735578 *Jan 28, 1987Apr 5, 1988Amphenol CorporationContacting apparatus for a chip cardUS4739257 *Nov 24, 1986Apr 19, 1988Automated Electronic Technology, Inc.Testsite systemUS4750890 *Jun 18, 1987Jun 14, 1988The J. 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Co., Ltd.IC socketUS4859199 *Jun 18, 1987Aug 22, 1989Hosiden Electronics Co., Ltd.ConnectorUS4886470 *May 24, 1988Dec 12, 1989Amp IncorporatedBurn-in socket for gull wing integrated circuit packageUS4970460 *Oct 5, 1987Nov 13, 1990Aetrium, Inc.Controlled impedance testsiteUS4984991 *Mar 20, 1990Jan 15, 1991Yamaichi Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd.IC socketUS5030906 *Jan 18, 1990Jul 9, 1991Seagate Technology, Inc.Electrical connecting apparatusUS5081415 *Aug 7, 1990Jan 14, 1992United Microelectronics CorporationLoad board insertion systemUS5177436 *May 21, 1991Jan 5, 1993Aseco CorporationContactor for testing integrated circuit chips mounted in molded carrier ringsUS5304072 *Oct 15, 1992Apr 19, 1994Yamaichi Electronics Co., Ltd.Socket for electric partUS5387118 *Aug 10, 1993Feb 7, 1995Chichibu Fuji Co., Ltd.Socket for IC packageUS5431579 *Jul 11, 1994Jul 11, 1995Chichibu Fuji Co., Ltd.Socket for IC packageUS5447444 *Dec 27, 1993Sep 5, 1995Yamaichi Electronics Co., Ltd.IC socketUS5458499 *Dec 27, 1993Oct 17, 1995Yamaichi Electronics Co., Ltd.IC socketUS5486771 *Dec 23, 1994Jan 23, 1996Whitaker CorporationBurn-in socket testing apparatusUS5628645 *May 18, 1995May 13, 1997Yamaichi Electronics Co., Ltd.IC socketUS6796819 *Oct 14, 2003Sep 28, 2004Benq CorporationPortable apparatus with inward-pushing triggered mechanism for ejecting add-on deviceUS7284321 *May 17, 2005Oct 23, 2007Micronas GmbhMethod for testing a chip with a package and for mounting the package on a board* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification324/750.19, 439/59, 439/152, 439/260, 439/70, 324/762.02, 324/756.02International ClassificationG01R31/28, H01L23/32, H01R33/76, G01R31/26, G01R1/04, H01L21/00Cooperative ClassificationG01R1/0433, G01R31/2886European ClassificationG01R1/04S3, G01R31/28G5Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 15, 1997FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19970205Feb 2, 1997LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesSep 10, 1996REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedMar 17, 1992FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Apr 18, 1988FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Nov 29, 1982ASAssignmentOwner name: CUSTOM AUTOMATION DESIGNS, INC., 750 BRIGHTON, GARFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:HEXAMER, DONALD L.;SPENCE, RANDY D.;HESSELBERG, JOHNNY;REEL/FRAME:004073/0788;SIGNING DATES FROM 19821104 TO 19821105RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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US6890005B1 - Self-centering tubular connection - Google Patents
Self-centering tubular connection Download PDF
US6890005B1
US6890005B1 US09/430,574 US43057499A US6890005B1 US 6890005 B1 US6890005 B1 US 6890005B1 US 43057499 A US43057499 A US 43057499A US 6890005 B1 US6890005 B1 US 6890005B1
female connecting
US09/430,574
Jerry H. Chisnell
1999-10-29 Application filed by Hutchinson FTS Inc filed Critical Hutchinson FTS Inc
1999-10-29 Priority to US09/430,574 priority Critical patent/US6890005B1/en
1999-12-20 Assigned to AUTOMOTIVE FLUID SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment AUTOMOTIVE FLUID SYSTEMS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHISNELL, JERRY H.
2003-08-20 Assigned to HUTCHINSON FTS, INC. reassignment HUTCHINSON FTS, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AUTOMOTIVE FLUID SYSTEMS
2005-05-10 Publication of US6890005B1 publication Critical patent/US6890005B1/en
239000011324 beads Substances 0 abstract claims description 15
A tubular connection for centering a tube within a female connecting block that has a throughbore with a chamfer, wherein a transition surface is defined between the chamfer and the throughbore. The tube has an upset bead, a tapered portion narrowing from the upset bead, and an end-form extending from the tapered portion, the end-form having an annular groove with an O-ring therein. The connection further includes a device for securing the tube within the female connecting block whereby the upset bead of the tube is caused to abut the female connecting block. The tube locates inside the female connecting block such that the end-form seals via the O-ring inside the throughbore of the female connecting block and the tapered portion of the tube sealingly engages against the transition surface of the female connecting block to keep the tube centered within the female connecting block and to form a secondary fluid-tight seal.
The present invention relates to a tubular connection, and more particularly to a tube to block connection incorporating novel self-centering features for more reliability and better fluid-tight sealing in the service life of the connection.
In assembling certain air-conditioning units, such as those used in automobiles, it is common practice to secure a tube to a female connecting block. In order to effect a fluid-tight seal between the tube and the female connecting block, an O-ring is situated in an annular groove in an end-form on the tube. Typically, the end-form of the tube is initially secured in a male connecting block and then is attached to the female connecting block by a bolt that extends through an aperture in the male connecting block and threadingly engages the female connecting block. The bolt is located adjacent but spaced away from the tube that in turn engages the female connecting block via a throughbore therein.
The bolt is caused to threadingly engage the female connecting block by applying a torque in the clockwise direction to the head of the bolt. In turn, the clockwise torque on the bolt imparts a clockwise torque on the male connecting block causing it to rotate relative to the threads of the female connecting block in the clockwise direction. Since the tube is secured within the male connecting block, the tube likewise pivots relative to the threads of the female connecting block in the clockwise direction. Because the tube is also loosely located within the female connecting block when the torque is applied to the bolt, the tube undergoes a side-loading phenomenon within the throughbore. That is, the tube and associated O-ring translate within the female connecting block and become over-compressed on one side and under-compressed on an opposite side. The resultant uneven compression on the O-ring can result in premature failure of the O-ring at the over-compressed side and leakage of fluid past the O-ring seal at the under-compressed side over the life of the tubular connection.
Accordingly, there are many examples in the prior art of apparatus to assure proper alignment of tubular connections embodying similar male and female members. One such example is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,116 to Cameron. The Cameron patent discloses a fitting including a male part having a contoured lead end that engages a female end having a complementary contour. The male and female parts self align as they are joined together and create a fluid-tight seal. However, the contoured surfaces of the male and female parts do not prevent off-center compression of the O-ring once the fitting is clamped together by a threaded collar.
Further, the Cameron patent is representative of the prior art, which essentially focuses on alignment of male and female members during the joining process. However, the special problem of aligning a tube within a male-female connecting block connection as described hereinabove is not addressed in the prior art. The special problem applies to the present invention where torque is applied indirectly to the tube during the joining process. None of the prior art teaches or suggests apparatus for centering a tube within a female connecting block and maintaining the centering during the application of a torque imparted to the tube.
Accordingly, what is needed is a tube to block connection that provides a tube that supports an O-ring, wherein a male connecting block encircles part of the tube, and the tube can be centered in a bore within the female connecting block. The tube remains centered during the application of a torque to a fastener in the male connecting block. The resultant centering maintains even compression of the O-ring seal. Moreover, the mating tube and female connecting block can each accommodate a greater degree of variation in size and/or shape in either or both the tube and female connecting block.
In accordance with the present invention, the tubular connection includes a female connecting block having an end surface, an opposite end surface, and a throughbore therebetween. The throughbore has a chamfer in the end surface such that a transition surface is defined between the chamfer and the throughbore. The connection further includes a tube mounted in the throughbore of the female connecting block. The tube has a tapered portion that engages the transition surface of the female connecting block. The tapered portion of the tube terminates in an end-form that has an annular groove with an O-ring therein that forms a primary fluid-tight seal between the tube and the throughbore of the female connecting block. A secondary fluid-tight seal is defined by the engagement of the transition surface with the tapered portion of the tube.
According to an alternative configuration, a tapered ring may be used where it is not possible to form the tapered portion on the tube. Here, the tapered ring would encircle the end-form of the tube and replace the tapered portion described above. The tapered ring would function to provide the requisite interference fit with the transition surface of the female connecting block, thereby centering the tube in the throughbore.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a self-piloting O-ring seal for a tube to block connection that results in no damage to the O-ring during assembly.
It is a further object of this invention to center and constrain the tube within the block so as to prevent lateral movement of the tube within the block.
It is yet a further object of this invention to prevent uneven side loading of the O-ring within the female connecting block due to torquing of the fastener attached to the male connecting block.
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional exploded view showing the components of the tubular connection of the present invention before complete assembly;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the tubular connection having the male connecting block and the tube secured to the female connecting block;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view taken on the plane indicted by line 3—3 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional exploded view of an alternative embodiment of the tube shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4 but shows the male connecting block and tube secured to the female connecting block.
In describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to the drawings, wherein there is seen in FIG. 1 the unassembled components of a tubular connection 10. The tubular connection 10 includes a tube 20, a female connecting block 40, a male connecting block 60, and a bolt 80.
The tube 20 is best seen in FIG. 1 and includes an upset bead 22 and a pair of annular grooves 24 on the outside diameter thereof. A pair of O-rings 26 are seated in the annular grooves 24. The tube 20 includes a tapered portion 28 that narrows from the upset bead 22, terminating in an end-form 30 of the tube 20. Details of the tapered portion 28 are further discussed herein below.
The second component of the tubular connection 10 is the female connecting block 40 that includes an end or top surface 42, an opposite end, or bottom surface 44, and a throughbore 46 therebetween. The throughbore 46 includes a chamfer 48 in the top surface 42. An annular edge or transition surface 50 is defined at the intersection of the chamfer 48 and the throughbore 46. The female connecting block 40 also includes a threaded hole 52 adjacent but spaced from the throughbore 46. Details of the chamfer 48 are further discussed hereinbelow.
The third component of the tubular connection 10 is the male connecting block 60 that includes a throughbore 62 and a counterbore 64 in a mating surface 63 that intersect and are coaxial. The diameter of the counterbore 64 is greater than the diameter of the throughbore 62. The different size diameters of the throughbore 62 and counterbore 64 define a shoulder 66. As best seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the diameter of the throughbore 62 is slightly greater than an outer diameter “e” of the tube 20. Similarly, the counterbore 64 is slightly greater in diameter than the diameter of the upset bead 22. The male connecting block 60 additionally includes a bolthole 68.
The fourth and final component of the tubular connection 10 is the bolt 80, which is conventional and includes a threaded shank 82 and a hexagonal head 84. The threaded shank 82 is smaller in diameter than the bolthole 68 of the male connecting block 60.
As best seen in FIG. 1, the chamfer 48 of the female connecting block is oriented at an acute angle “a” to the axis of the throughbore 46 of the female connecting block 40. Likewise, the tapered portion 28 of the tube 20 is oriented at an acute angle “b” to the axis of the end-form 30 of the tube 20. The acute angles “a” and “b” can vary, but it is preferable that angle “a” be greater than angle “b”. However, should angle “a” be less than angle “b”, the invention would still work. Instead, the tapered portion 28 would engage the female connecting block 40 where the chamfer 48 intersects the top surface 42. Also, the tapered portion 28 of the tube 20 has an axial length “x” and the chamfer 48 has an axial length “y”. Preferably, the length “x” should always be at least equal to the length “y” and more preferably, the length “x” should exceed the length “y”. As above, however, should length “x” be less than length “y”, the invention will still work. Further, the throughbore 46 of the female connecting block 40 has a diameter “d” that is intermediate a diameter “f” of the tapered portion 28 and the outer diameter “e” of the end-form 30.
The key objective in aligning the tube 20 in the female connecting block 40 is to avoid uneven compression of the O-rings 26 during the assembly process. The first stage of the assembly process includes placing the tube 20 within the female connecting block 40. In so doing, the chamfer 48 acts as a guide in order that the tube 20 may be centered within the throughbore 46. The upset bead 22 is caused to mount flush against the top surface 42 of the female connecting block 40 and the tapered portion 28 of the tube 20 is caused to pilot and center about the transition surface 50 of the female connecting block 40.
As seen in FIG. 2, the guiding action of the chamfer 48 allows the O-rings 26 to attain the positions without the O-rings 26 undergoing uneven compression due to side-loading from torquing of the bolt 80. Therefore, the O-rings 26 circumferentially engage the throughbore 46 to define a primary fluid-tight seal. Additionally, the transition surface 50 sealingly engages the tapered portion 28 by circumferentially penetrating its surface to define a secondary fluid-tight seal.
Referring again to FIG. 1, assembly of the tubular connection 10 further involves placing the male connecting block 60 over a free end 32 of the tube 20 before the upset bead 22 is formed on the tube. Then the upset bead 22 is formed on the tube and within the counterbore 64 of the male connecting block 60, by an axial upsetting process, as is well known in the art. The male connecting block 60 and the tube 20 are then advanced toward the top surface 42 of the female connecting block 40. The end-form 30 of the tube 20 is inserted into the throughbore 46 of the female connecting block 40. The upset bead 22 locates flat against the top surface 42 of the female connecting block 40, and the tapered portion 28 of the tube 20 engages the transition surface 50 of the female connecting block 40. Ultimately, the O-rings 26 form a primary fluid-tight seal between the tube 20 and the throughbore 46 of the female connecting block 40.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the final stage of assembly of the tubular connection 10 includes placing the threaded shank 82 of the bolt 80 through the bolt hole 68 of the male connecting block 60 and into the threaded hole 52 of the female connecting block 40. A clockwise torque is then applied to the hexagonal head 84 of the bolt 80 that causes the bolt 80 to threadingly engage the threaded hole 52 of the female connecting block 40. The engagement of the threaded hole 52 by the bolt 80 effects a locking arrangement between the male connecting block 60 and the female connecting block 40.
Consequently, the application of the clockwise torque to the bolt 80 ordinarily would cause the male connecting block 60 to rotate a very slight amount about the throughbore 46 in the clockwise direction, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3. However, such rotation is resisted using the present invention because the tapered portion 28 pilots and thereby maintains the tube 20 centered within the throughbore 46 of the female connecting block 40. This resistance to rotation amounts to an absence of lateral movement of the tube 20 within the female connecting block 40 and prevents uneven compression of the O-rings 26. The absence of uneven compression of the O-rings 26 substantially reduces the incidence of premature failure in the O-rings 26 and resultant leakage of fluid past the O-rings 26.
In the foregoing preferred embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 3, the tube 20 was formed to include the tapered portion 28 in order to prevent movement of the tube 20 after being inserted into the female connecting block 40. The same result can be achieved without the tube 20 being formed to include the tapered portion 28 as shown in FIG. 4. There, a tubular connection 10′ is an alternative embodiment of the tubular connection 10 seen in FIGS. 1 through 3. The only difference in the alternative connection 10′ is that a tube 20′ lacks the tapered portion 28 of FIGS. 1 through 3. The functionality of the tapered portion 28 in the tube 20 of FIGS. 1 through 3 is attained here by the use of a plastic or soft metal tapered ring 21′ that initially is placed on the tube 20′ encircling an end-form 30′ and adjacent an upset bead 22′. The end-form 30′ has a pair of annular grooves 24′ that hold the pair of O-rings 26.
Referring now to both FIGS. 4 and 5, the tapered ring 21′ includes a tapered portion 28′ that is analogous to the tapered portion 28 of the tube 20 of FIGS. 1 through 3. The tapered portion 28′ bears the same relationship in terms of angles and distances to the female connecting block 40 of FIGS. 4 and 5, as does the tapered portion 28 of the tube 20 with respect to the female connecting block 40 of FIGS. 1 through 3. When the tube 20′ is located within the female connecting block 40, the tapered ring 21′ seats against the transition surface 50 of the female connecting block 40 to keep the tube 20′ centered therein.
Accordingly, an advantage of the present invention is that the tube self-aligns to the female connecting block during assembly, thereby reducing the risk of damaging the O-rings. This self-aligning action also constrains and centers the tube within the female connecting block such that the tube is prevented from moving laterally within the female connecting block from the torque that is applied to the mounting bolt. Preventing lateral movement of the tube prevents side loading the O-rings and leads to more equally distributed compressive loads upon the O-rings within the throughbore of the female connecting block. Tests conducted by the applicant reveal that this technology may result in 35% more squeeze at minimum material condition and may lead to a reduction in the tolerance stack-up for the tubular connection of 4%.
An additional advantage is that the sealing potential of the connection is improved. The transition surface of the female connecting block circumferentially penetrates into the tapered portion of the tube so as to form a secondary fluid-tight seal thus further preventing fluid from leaking from the connection. Finally, this technology will enable use of power tools to torque the tubular connection at higher torque without risk of side loading the O-rings.
From the foregoing description, it should be understood that various changes can be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. For example, the tube need not include the upset bead, and may be secured to the female connecting block in any other conventional fashion.
a female connecting block having an end surface, an opposite end surface, and a throughbore therebetween, said throughbore having a chamfer in said end surface, said chamfer and said throughbore intersect to define an annular edge; and
a tube mounted in said throughbore of said female connecting block, said tube having a tapered portion in contact with said annular edge of said female connecting block, said tapered portion being seated against said annular edge and terminating in an end-form, said end-form having at least one annular groove for receiving at least one seal member therein, said at least one seal member forming a primary fluid-tight seal between said tube and said female connecting block.
2. The tubular connection of claim 1, wherein said tube further has an upset bead thereon, said tapered portion being positioned between said end-form and said upset bead, said upset bead abutting said end surface of said female connecting block.
3. The tubular connection of claim 1, further comprising:
means for securing said tube within said throughbore of said female connecting block, said securing means mounted to said end surface of said female connecting block.
4. The tubular connection of claim 3, wherein said securing means includes a male connecting block circumscribing said tube.
5. The tubular connection of claim 1, wherein said annular edge of said female connecting block sealingly engages the circumference of said tapered portion of said tube to define a secondary fluid-tight seal between said tube and said female connecting block.
6. A tubular connection, comprising:
a female connecting block having an end surface, an opposite end surface, and a throughbore therebetween, said throughbore having a chamfer in said end surface, said chamfer and said throughbore intersecting to define a transition surface; and
a tube mounted in said throughbore of said female connecting block, said tube terminating in an end-form, said tube further comprising a tapered ring circumscribing said end-form and having a tapered portion thereon, said tapered portion being seated against said transition surface of said female connecting block, said end-form having at least one annular groove for receiving at least one seal member therein, said at least one seal member forming a primary fluid-tight seal between said tube and said female connecting block.
7. The tubular connection of claim 6, wherein the axial length of said tapered ring is greater than the axial length of said chamfer of said female connecting block.
8. The tubular connection of claim 7, wherein said chamfer is oriented at an acute angle “a” to the longitudinal axis of said throughbore of said female connecting block, and said tapered portion of said tapered ring is oriented at an acute angle “b” to the longitudinal axis of said end-form of said tube, and further wherein said angle “a” is greater than said angle “b”.
9. The tubular connection of claim 8, wherein said throughbore is greater in diameter than said end-form of said tube but lesser in diameter than said tapered portion of said tapered ring.
10. The tubular connection of claim 6, wherein said transition surface of said female connecting block sealingly engages the circumference of said tapered portion of said tapered ring to define a secondary fluid-tight seal between said tube and said female connecting block.
US09/430,574 1999-10-29 1999-10-29 Self-centering tubular connection Expired - Fee Related US6890005B1 (en)
US09/430,574 US6890005B1 (en) 1999-10-29 1999-10-29 Self-centering tubular connection
US11/109,319 US7195283B2 (en) 1999-10-29 2005-04-19 Self-centering tubular connection
US11/109,319 Continuation US7195283B2 (en) 1999-10-29 2005-04-19 Self-centering tubular connection
US6890005B1 true US6890005B1 (en) 2005-05-10
ID=34549139
US09/430,574 Expired - Fee Related US6890005B1 (en) 1999-10-29 1999-10-29 Self-centering tubular connection
US11/109,319 Expired - Fee Related US7195283B2 (en) 1999-10-29 2005-04-19 Self-centering tubular connection
US (2) US6890005B1 (en)
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Owner name: AUTOMOTIVE FLUID SYSTEMS, INC., MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CHISNELL, JERRY H.;REEL/FRAME:010484/0914

type: global

value: Google Patents is a search engine from Google that indexes patents and patent applications.


text:
Hotel Central Avenue_坎纳诺尔酒店 - TripAdvisor(猫途鹰)
在22家坎纳诺尔酒店中排名第10 卓越奖 Near Subway, Thavakkara | Kannur kerala, Kannur 670002, India 以当地语言显示的名称/地址 Hotel Central Avenue
Near Subway, Thavakkara | Kannur kerala, Kannur 670002, India 110条点评 | 排名第 10 (共 22 名) 为了让您可以更轻松地游览坎纳诺尔，以下是此酒店的当地语言版本名称和地址
当地名称 Hotel Central Avenue
当地地址 Near Subway, Thavakkara, Kannur kerala, 670002
我们的在线旅行合作伙伴并不提供此住宿的价格，但我们可以搜寻坎纳诺尔的其他选择 入住 退房 显示价格
其他 38 张照片 酒店及庭园 (4)查看相册 客房/套房 (3)查看相册 餐饮 (2)查看相册 查看所有照片 官方照片旅客照片 (23)查看地图
从我的收藏删除Hotel Central Avenue Hotel Central Avenue 已保存到清单 上传照片
(110) 开始撰写 Hotel Central Avenue 的点评 点击评分
888shaheens
9条点评 “A Short Visit”
A good hotel near Kannur Railway station. Stayed only for few hours in here to take some needed rest after 5 hour train travel. The room was pretty decent. Found few stains on the bed sheet and the pillow cover was torn. The bathroom were clean and tidy.
The customer was good, no complains. The breakfast was also good with...
更多 举报 Rahulpgt
20条点评 “Neat and clean room”
Though the room was a bit small here it could be ignored as the room, bed, linen, towels and bathroom was clean. Surprisingly the room had a lot of storage space. The complimentary break was basic but it was satisfying for a regular bussiness traveller like me. The WiFi was good though not very fast. AC was excellent and I...
更多 举报 729abduls
It's one of the best place to stay.people are very receptive and nice.food is excellent.very easily accessible from railway station and bus station.enough parking space.banquet halls are adequate.board room is of good ambience.hats of to the staff there
举报 667as
79条点评 “Good for a few nights”
We had a good experience at this hotel, though there did not seem to be many other guests... very quiet. It's not exactly a modern hotel, but there was AC, restaurant with decent options and buffet, TV, and location was fine for our needs.
1条点评 “awesome place to stay while visiting kannur”
its one of the best hotels i have been in kannur.the hospitality of the staff are remarkable, esp general manager sreenivasan.and santhosh . they are so accomodating and made the visit so pleasant.
the hotel looks very neat and tidy and all the essential amenities are provided by the hotel.
the rooms are charming and they are really comfortable.and for...
更多 举报 kazim_aga
6条点评 “SYED KAZEEM AGA ”
Good place neat and tidy rooms and bathroom friendly staff. Great location Only let down by food service was excellent need to improve on taste . Good place to stay but have more options for food such as RARA AVI'S & RANDHIL
举报 BAIJOOVISWAMBARAN
77条点评 “Have to Improve a lot”
it was my first experience there , but unfortunately it was not up to the mark . the hotel is in a very convenient place in middle of the city , having good parking slot , good ambiance with spacious lobby and well arranged restaurant . don't know the room standards because i didn't took a room there . in...
更多 举报 yuvank2016
When the staff here say 'they go out of their way to make your stay with them comfortable' they mean every word. Extremely courteous staff, very polite . The interiors of the building is a treat. Amazingly elegant interiors. A classic touch of the Indian summer decor. Well, it's kind of always summer in kannur. :)
更多 举报 arunpodu
I traveled there mid march for official purpose i felt so happy and comfortable there i never felt like checking out rooms are fantastic location is superb more than that the love shown by gm sreenivasan and, fand b manager santhosh is, exemplary i hope many hotel owners will send their staff here for traning
Thank you gm i hope...
更多 举报 Hotel Central A... K，Hotel Central Avenue 的 General Manager，回复了这篇点评
Respected Mr Arun
Greetings from Hotel Central Avenue,Kannur....
Thank you for taking the time to write such positive comments on...
30条点评 “Not worth the money ”
The rooms were good. Service is average. You can find better hotels cheaper than this.
Front office service should be improved.
If they reduce the tariff and food cost, it is worth staying here. Otherwise lot of options in Kannur
举报 Hotel Central A... K，Hotel Central Avenue 的 General Manager，回复了这篇点评
Respected Mr Srinivasan,
Thank you very much for taking your valuable time and penning down your opinion
Our charges are...
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客房送餐服务 干洗服务 免费停车 机场接送 免费早餐 洗衣服务 Hotel Central Avenue的其它相关信息
地址: Near Subway, Thavakkara | Kannur kerala, Kannur 670002, India 地区: 印度 > 卡拉拉 > 坎纳诺尔
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value: Tripadvisor, Inc. is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


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T Mac Tees Off: Alabama takes lead in search for third straight Darius Rucker Intercollegiate crown
Alabama takes lead in search for third straight Darius Rucker Intercollegiate crown
Alabama, No. 2 in the latest Golfstat rankings and a two-time defending champion in the Darius Rucker Intercollegiate which teed off Friday at the Long Cove Club in Hilton Head Island, S.C., looks like it has every intention of making in three in a row.
The Crimson Tide fired an opening round of 2-over-par 286 over the 6,265-yard, par-71 Long Cove layout to grab a one-shot lead over No. 13 Northwestern, the runnerup to Arizona State in the NCAA Championship’s final match at Rich Harvest Farms last spring.
Apparently, Northwestern decided to give another team an opportunity to win the Hurricane Invitational, which tees off Monday at the Biltmore in Coral Gables, Fla. and which the Wildcats had won four straight times. It is a veteran, battle-tested team and it hung right with an Alabama team that boasts three players in the top 10 of the Women’s World Amateur Golf Ranking (WAGR) as the perennial Big 10 power carded a 3-over 287.
No. 3 Arkansas is in third place with another solid outing in a season filled with them, a 6-over 290 that left the Razorbacks three shots behind Northwestern. LSU, which seems a little underrated at No. 56, is fourth at 7-over 291 and No. 9 Furman is tied for fifth with No. 67 Mississippi State at 8-over 292.
Brynn Walker, the North Carolina sophomore who won two PIAA Class AAA titles at Radnor High, and the No. 33 Tar Heels are tied for seventh with reigning national champion Arizona State, ranked sixth, at 9-over 293.
Georgia, somehow ranked 73rd, is ninth at 10-over 294 and No. 5 Duke is lurking in a tie for 10th in the elite 18-team field with No. 29 Vanderbilt at 11-over 295.
Leading the way for the Crimson Tide was Lauren Stephenson, a junior from Lexington, S.C. playing in her home state. Stephenson, No. 6 in the Women’s WAGR, carded a 2-under 69 to gain a share of fourth place, three shots behind Arizona State’s Olivia Mehaffey, the sophomore from Ireland who fired a 5-under 66 to continue a run of strong play on her part this spring.
Backing up Stephenson for the Tide was Lakareber Abe, the veteran senior from Angleton, Texas who is tied for 10th after matching par with a 71. Kristen Gillman, a sophomore from Austin, Texas who is No. 9 in the Women’s WAGR, is tied for 23rd at 2-over 73.
Also in that group tied for 23rd is Alabama’s Cheyenne Knight, a junior from Aledo, Texas and the No. 8 player in the Women’s WAGR. Oh yeah, and she won the individual title at this event the last two years. So you have the eighth best female amateur player on the planet who’s the two-time defending individual champion and she’s tied for your third best score. How good is that?
Rounding out the Alabama lineup is Angelica Moresco, a freshman from Italy who is tied for 53rd at 5-over 76.
Mehaffey, No. 11 in the Women’s WAGR, earned a share of the individual title in an equally elite field in last month’s Northrop Grumman Regional Challenge. A member of Great Britain & Ireland’s winning Curtis Cup team in 2016, Mehaffey got off to a great start at Long Cove with her 66.
LSU’s Claudia De Antonio, a senior from Venezuela, is a shot behind Mehaffey in second.
Hannah Kim, No. 20 in the Women’s WAGR and a rock for the Northwestern program for four years, is alone in third as the Chula Vista, Calif. native posted a 3-under 68.
Her teammate Stephanie Lau, a junior from Fullerton, Calif., was in the group along with Alabama’s Stephenson, tied for fourth at 2-under 69.
Rounding out the trio at 2-under 69 is Furman’s Alice Chen, a senior from Princeton, N.J., playing in the same state where she joined with Furman teammate and fellow Jersey girl Taylor Totland to capture the U.S. Women’s Amateur Four-Ball Championship at the Dunes Golf & Beach Club in Myrtle Beach last spring.
Arkansas’ Maria Fassi, a junior from Mexico and No. 24 in the Women’s WAGR, is in a group of three players tied seventh at 1-under 70. Fassi owns a win at the Lady Puerto Rico Classic and has been playing great golf right from the jump late last summer.
Wake Forest’s Emilia Migliaccio, one of a large group of fabulous freshmen all over the country, and Vanderbilt’s Courtney Zeng, a junior from Orlando, Fla., are also in the group with Fassi tied for seventh.
North Carolina was led by its fabulous freshman, Ava Bergner of Germany, who is in the group tied for 10th at even-par71. The Tar Heels got a nice outing from Mariana Ocano, a sophomore from St. Petersburg, Fla. who carded a 2-over 73 and is in the group tied for 23rd.
Kelly Whaley, a junior from Farmington, Conn., is tied for 32nd another shot behind Ocano at 3-over 74. Walker, who also played on two state team champions at Radnor, one girls and one boys, was the final counter for the Tar Heels as she was another shot behind Whaley in a tie for 42nd at 4-over 75.
Rounding out the North Carolina lineup was Bryana Nguyen, a senior from Columbia, Md. who is tied for 87th after an 81. Clementia Rodriguez, a junior from Venezuela, is competing in the Darius Rucker and carded a solid 75 to join Walker in the group tied for 42nd.
Posted by Tom McNichol at 3:39 AM

value: Blogger is an American online content management system (CMS) which enables multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003.


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SOLVED: Car will turn over just not catch and start - Fixya
HomeForumCars & TrucksSuzukiSidekick1995 Suzuki SidekickSOLVED: Car will...
1 Answer Car will turn over just not catch and start
Think it might be fuel pump. have not looked at the fuses yet. when i turn the car over i don't hear the fuell pump start or turn on so..... ?
bizzaro_b
Re: car will turn over just not catch and start
Could be a million things but my first guess is no fuel from pump. The car would run for a little while while it burned up what was left in the fuel line then die and not restart. Try turning key to ON position (not just ACC) and listen, do you hear the fuel pump in the tank come on and pump for 3 or 4 seconds every time you put the key in the ON position? If you don't hear the pump you probably aren't getting any fuel, check the fuse under the hood (the underside of fuse block cover will say which is the pump fuse, also check the pump relay that's also in there near the fuse). If you do hear the pump it could possibly be a clogged fuel filter but also many other things, fuel is my first guess though.
My 1998 K1500 chevy is awesome but recently it refuses to start unless I spray starting fluid on the air filter and then it catches. The engine turns fine but just doesn't seem to be getting...
This might sound a little strange, but try it. Disconnet you fuel pump relay and clean the electrical connections with a #2 pencil eraser and then connect everything back up.Had something like that bug me for months and finally decided that it had a bad fule pump relay, so I went out a purchased one, BUT they sold me the wrong one, but didn't realize it until I had it disconnected. Cleaned the connections and has worked every since.

value: Fixya is a question-and-answer website where community members ask and answer questions about consumer products. The company was launched in June 2005 and is headquartered in San Mateo, California.


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President Obama on Wednesday nominated Dr. Francis S. Collins, a pioneering geneticist who led the government’s successful effort to sequence the human genome, as head of the National Institutes of Health.Dr. Collins’s selection, which had been rumored for weeks, was praised by top scientists and research advocacy organizations for whom the health institute is a crucial patron.Based in Bethesda, Md., the N.I.H. is the most important source of research money in the world; over the next 14 months it will dole out about $37 billion in research grants and spend $4 billion on research programs at its Maryland campus.“Francis Collins is an extraordinary scientist and one of the nicest guys you could ever meet,” said Dr. Otis W. Brawley, chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society. Continue reading the main story
Douglas C. Pizac/Associated Press Some scientists and advocates for people suffering from diseases criticized the extraordinary amount of money and attention the sequencing effort garnered, saying it distracted from more fruitful areas of research.
He was part of a team at the University of Michigan that in 1989 discovered the gene for cystic fibrosis. At the time, many predicted that the discovery would lead to a quick cure. But like so much in genetic research, that hope is still a long way off.As the leader of the Human Genome Project, Dr. Collins engaged in a fierce public battle with Dr. J. Craig Venter of Celera to finish the sequence first and make it broadly available. The success of Dr. Collins’s project torpedoed much of Celera’s business model. But in a speech last month, Dr. Collins said the N.I.H. needed to form more partnerships with the pharmaceutical industry to create new drugs.

value: The New York Times (N.Y.T. or N.Y. Times) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership. Founded in 1851, the Times has since won 132 Pulitzer Prizes (the most of any newspaper), and has long been regarded within the industry as a national "newspaper of record".


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kmills93 - Member Reviews - TripAdvisor
Search Profile Badge collection Travel map kmills93 Send Message Since May 2013
8 Reviews 3 Photos 1 Helpful vote kmills93's TripCollective Progress Total Points 891 Level 2 Contributor Badges (14 total)View Collection Passport 6 Cities Explorer 1 Review Readership 1,000 Readers Senior Reviewer 5 Reviews Restaurant Expert Level 1 New ReviewerThis badge is earned after 1 review.ReviewerThis badge is earned after 3 reviews.Senior ReviewerThis badge is earned after 5 reviews.Hotel Expert Level 1The Hotel Expert badge levels up after every three hotel reviews.Level 1: earned after your 3rd hotel review.Restaurant Expert Level 1The Restaurant Expert badge levels up after every three restaurant reviews.Level 1: earned after your 3rd restaurant review.Helpful ReviewerThis badge is earned after 1 helpful vote.PassportEarned after reviews in 2 separate cities.MelliehaLido di VeneziaLeedsKnottingleyWindermereManchesterExplorerEarned by being one of the first to review a hotel, restaurant, or attraction in a given language.RucheeNew PhotographerThis badge is earned after 1 photo.Beginner PhotographerThis badge is earned after 3 photos.Resort Expert Level 1The Resort Expert badge levels up after every three resort reviews.Level 1: earned after your 3rd resort review.ReadershipThis badge is earned after a reviewer has 100 readers.ReadershipThis badge is earned after a reviewer has 500 readers.ReadershipThis badge is earned after a reviewer has 1,000 readers.
Hotel Expert Level 2The Hotel Expert badge levels up after every three hotel reviews.Level 2: earned after your 6th hotel review.Write a ReviewLuxury Hotel Expert Level 1The Luxury Hotel Expert badge levels up after every three luxury hotel reviews.Level 1: earned after your 3rd luxury hotel review.Write a ReviewBoutique Hotel Expert Level 1The Boutique Hotel Expert badge levels up after every three boutique hotel reviews.Level 1: earned after your 3rd boutique hotel review.Write a ReviewB&B and Inns Expert Level 1The B&B and Inns Expert badge levels up after every three B&B or Inn reviews.Level 1: earned after your 3rd B&B or Inn review.Write a ReviewResort Expert Level 2The Resort Expert badge levels up after every three resort reviews.Level 2: earned after your 6th resort review.Write a ReviewRestaurant Expert Level 2The Restaurant Expert badge levels up after every three restaurant reviews.Level 2: earned after your 6th restaurant review.Write a ReviewAttraction Expert Level 1The Attraction Expert badge levels up after every three attraction reviews.Level 1: earned after your 3rd attraction review.Write a ReviewJunior PhotographerThis badge is earned after 5 photos.Add a PhotoHelpful ReviewerThis badge is earned after 5 helpful votes.Write a ReviewContributorThis badge is earned after 10 reviews.Write a ReviewSenior ContributorThis badge is earned after 20 reviews.Write a ReviewReadershipThis badge is earned after a reviewer has 5,000 readers.Write a ReviewTop ContributorThis badge is earned after 50 reviews.Write a Review
How do I earn points? Every time you contribute to TripAdvisor, you earn TripCollective points. Here’s a list of what you can contribute, and how much it’s worth. Review 100points Photo 30points Video 30points Forum Post 20points Rating 5points Traveller Article Creation 100points Traveller Article Edits 5points Trip Lists 50points Helpful Vote 1point Earn points, reach new levels. The more points you earn, the higher your level – and the more you’re recognised in the travel community for your contributions. Your TripCollective level appears in your traveller profile. Level6 10000points Level5 5000points Level4 2500points Level3 1000points Level2 500points Level1 300points Total Points 891kmills93's Contributions Reviews (8)Photos (3)Filter by AllHotels (5)Restaurants (3)RatingHelpful Votes Points Windermere: The Coppice Guest House “Lovely hotel, lovely staff, great location”Lovely hotel, great location in walking distance ...21 Nov 2014 100 Manchester: Clayton Hotel Manchester Airport “Fantastic!”Great friendly check in, spacious rooms with sofa ...16 May 2014 100 Leeds: Hotel ibis budget Leeds Centre “Much better than expected”Stayed here when going out in Leeds for the night....16 May 2014 100 Lido di Venezia: Hotel Helvetia “Basic but great base for exploring”Basic hotel but that's all we needed as a base for...16 May 2014 100 Mellieha: Ta Randi Restaurant “Wish we'd found it sooner!”We came accross Ta Randi a week into our two week ...4 Jul 2013 100 Mellieha: Last Paradise Bar & Restaurant “Pleasure to eat here!”We were tired of the same food during our stay in ...4 Jul 2013 100 Mellieha: Luna Holiday Complex “Can't wait to return!”We have just returned from a fantastic 2 week stay...4 Jul 2013 1 101 Knottingley: Ruchee “Fantastic!”Second to Mamma Mia's Italian in Pontefract, this ...28 May 2013 100PreviousNext1Bonus points are available on occasion across the site. Keep an eye out for opportunities to get extra points!


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The Sanders House: Happy Birthday Jack Jack!
Two years seems to go faster and faster these days! I feel however that the last two years top my accomplishments in life by far. Jack is now TWO!! Yikes...time goes by so fast.
Jack has rounded the corner of fussiness and into a delightful stage. Of course the second year molars around the corner, but I am savoring his playfulness, smiles and kisses.
Here are a few things about Jack that I think you should know.
*He is my little singer. He can pick up tunes really fast and I think I heard him hit a note of harmony the other day. Of course, you know this speaks to my heart more than anything.
*He loves to kiss and not just on the lips but on your forehead, cheeks and chin. A little lover boy.
*He loves the alphabet. Not very ordinary but he is obsessed with them. He carries alphabet letters in his pockets. He is attracted to all sorts of letters in public and knows the sounds they make and even some of the lowercase letters. Pretty cool if you ask me, of course, I am his mom. :)
*He loves puzzles, but the most fun part of course is dumping it all off the board when he finished putting it together. I usually get to put it together at the end of the day.
*He loves Dora yogurt, chocolate milk, anything sweet, mandarin oranges, vienna sausages, McDonalds nuggets, and pancakes. Oh yes...and his absolute favorite, Nemo gummy snacks that turn his poop bright green.
*Speaking of Nemo, he loves that movie. He even likes to sing about him, "Yes Nemo loves me, yes Nemo loves me, Yes Nemo loves me, the bible tells me so." Not sure what bible he has, but he is convinced.
*Still loves his pacee. Little does he know that when he gets all his teeth in we will say goodbye to it.
*He can throw a fit and really good ones.
*He likes to take his arms out of his car seat straps. No matter how tight we get them, he plays Houdini and busts out of them again.
*Jack loves to swing and loves the inertia feeling of being swung around and getting dizzy.
*He is so cuddly and really I can not imagine life without him. He makes me smile day in and day out.
oh! happy birthday jack! i can't believe he's 2!!
January 5, 2010 at 7:50:00 PM CST
He is incredible!!! They are both growing too fast.
January 18, 2010 at 8:17:00 AM CST
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Apt. 9 Women's 100% Cotton Sweaters for Men | eBay
Apt. 9 Women's 100% Cotton Sweaters for Men
NWT $42-Mens Apt 9 Black & Gray Half Diamond Sweater Vest-size S
Made by- Apt. This includes dress clothes that might need to be taken to cleaner to have them pressed if they are dry clean only. Half diamond pattern for a nice dressy look. Machine wash. Color- Black & Gray.
Apt 9 Men's Argyle Sweater Vest 100% Cotton 2XL Black Gray V-Neck NWT
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Apt 9 Red Long Sleeve 1/2 Zip Collared Sweater Jacket Mens size XL
Apt 9 mens Career Office Black tie Soft Cotton V-neck striped sweater vest L NEW
$42 APT.9 COTTON 1/3 ZIP SWEATER - XXL - NEWwTAGS
For your consideration is a great looking Apt.9 collared 1/4 zip sweater in a size XXL (Extra Extra Large). The pictures are of the actual item you will receive. The sweater is 100% cotton and is machine washable warm.
NWT Apt 9 Men`s XL Black&Gray Full Zip 4 Pocket Turtleneck Sweater 100% Cotton
Sleeve Length = 29".
APT 9 Zip Up Men’s Gray 100% Cotton Sweater Cable Knit -Shoulder Patches M
Great warm 100% cotton (no itch) sweater. Cable knit, ribbed neck,yoke, hem and sleeves. Charcoal gray cotton patch on shoulders. Stylish look.
Ending 25 Sep at 16:37 EDT4d 18hFrom United States
MEN'S SWEATER VEST BY APT. 9 / SIZE XXL
The pictures are showing two different colors the first picture of the vest is the correct color.
Ending Saturday at 20:31 EDT1d 22hTop Rated SellerFrom United States
Apt. 9 Men's Size Small Grey Black Knit Full Zip 100% Cotton Mock Neck Jacket
Apt 9 Mens Size Large Black Gray Argyle Print Classic Sweater Vest Top
Style: Argyle V-neck Sweater Vest. Color: Black and Gray. Material: 100% Cotton. Size: Large. - Length: 28".
Apt 9 Mens Jacket Sweatshirt Cotton Black Zip Up Pockets Large
APT. 9 MENS LT GRAY COTTON BLEND LONG SLEEVE SWEATER SIZE XL REALLY NICE!
HEAVY DUTY COTTON KNIT. 27" SLEEVES. 26" PIT TO PIT. ==================================================================================================. HIGHEST QUALITY.
Apt. 9 Men's Sweater Sz XXL Blue Mock Turtle Neck 1/4 Zip Front
Nice sweater for casual or dress. In excellent condition.
APT. 9 MENS SOFT TOUCH FLANNEL SHIRT - SZ MEDIUM - GREEN - RET 46.00(CF-14-84)
SOFT TOUCH - SLIM FIT FLANNEL SHIRT. YOU GET WHAT YOU SEE IN THE PICTURES.
APT 9 Men's Size XL Black Gray Cotton Argyle Sweater Vest NWT
100% Cotton - Machine wash cold, gentle cycle. Black background with gray diamonds. Shoulder to shoulder: 18". Length from shoulder to hem: 28.5".
NWT Apt. 9 Men's Gray/Black Ribbed Long Sleeve Full Zip Sweater Sz S
Item: Apt. Don't know if it will fit?. We will work our hardest to resolve the problem for you.
APT. 9 Mens size L sweater, blue argyle v-neck vest, 100% cotton
Colors / design: Knit argyle pattern, dark blue with gray and white. Pullover sweater vest has v-neck with and ribbed knit at neck, sleeve openings and bottom edge. Light weight knit. Previously owned, with no faded or stained areas, tears, holes, snags or frays.
Rock & Republic Kohl's Men's V-Neck Blue Cotton Pullover Striped Sweater Large L
New with a partial tag. Size L. 100% cotoon. Blue. Please check the actual measurements in the description before purchasing! Approximate measurements: Armpit to armpitacross back 20 3/4". Shoulder to hem 27 3/4". Sleeve length from armpit to cuff 21 3/4". Shoulder to shoulder 17". Please feel free to contact me beforemaking a purchase if you have any questions, need additional photos ormeasurements. Thank you! W1.
APT. 9 MENS SOFT TOUCH SHIRT - SZ SMALL - BLUE - RET 46.00(CF-14-81)
SLIM FIT - SOFT TOUCH FLANNEL SHIRT. YOU GET WHAT YOU SEE IN THE PICTURES.
Apt 9 Men's Gray Cotton Sweatshirt Full-Zip Mock Turtleneck Fleur De Lis Sz Med
It has graphics on front and back. On the back It has a Fleur De Lis in the middle. It is 100% cotton.
APT 9 men's long sleeve collared shirt with roll up sleeves size L Blue. Condition is Pre-owned. Shipped with USPS First Class Package.
Apt.9 mens size Large green pullover sweater 1/4 zip knit warm
Men's SONOMA Everyday FINE GUAGE Stripe CREWNECK Sweater Lightweight S L XXL $45
LOT Apt. 9 Men's Sweater XL Mock Turtle Neck 1/4 Zip Front Dk Gray Black Full
Both of these sweaters are an excellent gently used condition. No rips or stains that I could see. Smoke free home. Payment must be received within three days of auction closing. Contact me prior to opening a case or leaving negative feedback if you are not fully satisfied. I would be happy to work things out with you.
NWT APT. 9 Sweater - Gray w/Charcoal stripes - L
A versatile fit for a sleek look. There’s no wrong way to wear it!
Apt. 9 Men's Half Zip Blue Fleece Sweater Pullover Jacket Large L
You are purchasing a Apt. 9 Men's Half Zip Blue Fleece Sweater Pullover Jacket Large L Chest measurement 24" Our #1 Goal is customer satisfaction. We love to treat our customers with the best service. Feel free to ask any questions if you have any.
GO CHECK OUT OUR OTHER NAME BRAND ITEMS RETURNS ACCEPTED
FEEDBACK: we strive to earn positive 5 star feedback for all items. And we will leave the same for all good buyers. Shipping : USPS FIRST CLASS. ALL ITEMS WILL BE SHIPPED SAME DAY OR NEXT DAY(EXCLUDES HOLIDAYS) 12
Apt 9 Men’s Sweater Size M Gray Zip UP Four Pockets L
If the idem has stretch in it they are taken without stretching the idem. From collar to the bottom: 27”. Shoulder: 18”. Chest: 20”. 100% Cotton.
Apt. 9 Men's Half Zip Green Fleece Sweater Pullover Jacket Large L
You are purchasing a Apt. 9 Men's Half Zip Green Fleece Sweater Pullover Jacket Large L Chest measurement 24" Our #1 Goal is customer satisfaction. We love to treat our customers with the best service. Feel free to ask any questions if you have any.
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Apt. 9 Men's Brown 1/4 Zip Long Sleeve Ribbed Cotton Sweater XL 27L
This is a very nice Apt. Very good condition.
APT.9 Men's Gray V-neck Striped Sweater Vest
APT.9 Men's Gray V-neck Striped Sweater Vest . Condition is New with tags. Shipped with USPS First Class Package.
Men's Apt. 9 Black Graphic Full Zip Long Sleeve Heavy Sweater Jacket Size Medium
This item is in Great pre-owned Condition! Overall This Piece Looks Great and you will love it at a fraction of the price! We are only human and may make a mistake once while.
Men's Apt. 9 Gray Pullover Sweater XL Long Sleeve 1/4 Zip
Brand: Apt. 9 Style: Long Sleeve, 1/4 Zip, Pullover, Sweater Material: 100% Cotton Color: Gray Sizes: XL Chest 24" Length 28" Sleave 26" Very soft. Perfect Condition
NWT $80 APT.9 Full Zip Cardigan Sweater Gray Modern Fit Men’s Size XL
Apt.9 Mens 2XL XXL Navy Pullover Warm Knit Sweater 1/4 Zip Long sleeve
Neck to Arm: 34.5. Double required # for more accurate sizing. Lenght: 31. What you see is what you buy.
APT. 9 Mens size XL sweater, black argyle v-neck vest, 100% cotton
Brand New APT. 9 Men Short, never has been worn, Size 30, Plaid Perrywinkle,

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text:
Pentland Road: Napier witnesses: Lachlan Campbell
Direcleit 5 April 2011 at 07:03
Thank you for your comment on this piece:
http://direcleit.blogspot.com/2010/11/education-in-harris-in-1871.html.
A little more on Lachlan Campbell's fish-curing & farming family members can be read in these pieces:
http://direcleit.blogspot.com/2010/12/three-tenants-of-strond.html
http://direcleit.blogspot.com/2011/03/renting-rodel.html &
http://direcleit.blogspot.com/2010/06/sounds-of-harris-6th-movement.html


text:
12x Vintage USSR Military Bakelite Bayonet Ba9s Lamp Socket, PSM-3 New Old Stock | eBay
20x Military USSR Bakelite Bayonet Ba9s Lamp Socket, PSM-3
alexer1 (31311 )
Details about 12x Vintage USSR Military Bakelite Bayonet Ba9s Lamp Socket, PSM-3 New Old Stock
12x Vintage USSR Military Bakelite Bayonet Ba9s Lamp Socket, PSM-3 New Old Stock
202249789173
Last updated on Aug 27, 2018 14:25:12 PDT View all revisions
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