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The Online Photographer: Good Form
« P*ss Me Off |
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Do unto others as you would have done unto yourself, and all will be well.
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 05:02 AM
Excellent final point, Mike. Opportunities to educate are worth taking. I suspect most people who don't understand what's going on with intellectual property don't want to do the wrong thing. They just haven't thought it through.
(Of course, one would hope that professional organizations would not be ignorant of basic copyright law, or would take the first opportunity to cure themselves of their ignorance!)
For those who just don't care, well, they'll always be there I guess. Too bad -- if more people paid attention to the golden rule, good form and fair play, the law would be needed less...
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 08:33 AM
Wouldn't the whole mess have been avoided if the original picture, when published, carried in the picture area: 1. a copyright notice
2.'photo by' credit
and, as a grudging acknowledgement to our beloved modern age, 3. a URL for contact purposes?
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 12:22 PM
That's some good Midwestern common sense right there.
(Coastally yours, Ben.)
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 01:43 PM
Better still, the less egocentric version:
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 02:38 PM
Mike, Mike, Mike. (sigh)
This is very troubling: "If nobody complains, then you don't have a problem."
Just because you steal a candy bar from the supermarket and no one complains doesn't make it right. It's still theft. (of the petit variety, but theft nonetheless).
As to your using images in your blog, I'm not a lawyer, but I believe that would fall under fair use. You're using the photo(s) to illustrate a point or comment on a topic, product, whatever.
Still, your points about giving credit are spot on. If you're not doing anything underhanded with someone's photo, they most likely will welcome the free publicity.
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 03:53 PM
That's presuming that NO2 acted out of innocent mistake and that they're not idiots. Given the comments they made in response to the situation, which Mike did not exaggerate, either they're outright thieves or they're the stupidest people who've ever gone into the news business. In which case, such notices in the picture wouldn't have made any difference. They'd just have invented some other blatantly false excuse ("we had permission from the photographer," "we thought that putting the contact info in the photo meant they wanted people to copy it," etc.)
Copyright is the right to control who copies your work. NO1 has an ironclad and clear right to prevent NO2 from using their photo. A right that NO2 clearly didn't believe in.
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 04:06 PM
No, because if you've stolen a candy bar, you've stolen a candy bar. If you use an image, it might not be stealing: that hasn't been established, and, can't be established, absolutely, short of a court trial. To a very real extent, whether it is theft at all is in the perception of the rights holder. You point out yourself that many usages are clearly Fair Use, and thus not theft; but also, If the RH feels you have done him a favor by publishing his picture, or is for any other reason pleased to have his image used, then what you have done is also not theft. (Most people whose images I publish go out of their way to thank me for it, even in cases where I haven't secured their permission in advance.) The corollary is that if an RH is upset and asks you to take their image down, you're almost always better off doing so--even if you feel the usage is Fair Use, or even if you feel you've done the RH a favor by providing free publicity or some other advantage. There was one case in the early days of this site when I published a controversial image and I thought my use of it was going to be challenged. In that case I was prepared to leave the image up under the tenets of Fair Use, which I felt clearly applied. Fortunately, the rights holder did not demand I take the image down, and, in fact, I was surreptitiously forwarded some private internal emails by a sympathetic individual inside the organization that owned the picture which made it clear that the rights holder understood my use of the picture was Fair Use. But if it had come down to it, I was prepared to defy the wishes of the rights holder.
That was a very unusual situation. Ultimately, as a practical matter, and in almost all cases, the determination is up to the owner of the image. Mike
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 04:17 PM
Keith -- possibly. But the onus really is on each publishing organization to verify they have clear right to use any image. Making assumptions is a way to get into hot water. :) It's not that difficult to look at embedded metadata, which apparently was present with this image and ultimately contributed to resolving the conflict over who actually took / owned the image.
Even under proposed orphan works legislation that has a lot of people bothered, prospective publishers would be held to a higher standard of effort to locate the rights holder than just looking for visual or embedded metadata contact info before they conclude a work is orphaned.
There is one clear benefit to having a visual copyright notice on the image. If the notice gets removed by an unauthorized user, it can qualify the copyright holder for additional statutory damages under the DMCA. These damages may exceed the actual damages (license value) in many cases. They're likely a bit punitive to recognize the fact that deliberate cropping out of a copyright notice probably means the unauthorized user knew full well what they were doing.
Still, forcing every image producer / publisher to visually clutter every image with possibly several lines of information (aside from a basic copyright watermark) doesn't seem like the direction we want to go, to prevent unprofessional, unethical or illegal behavior from other publishers or users. I do agree that all this info should be present in embedded metadata, however that means it can be stripped out more easily by an infringer...
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 04:41 PM
i think you should acknowledge that you are in a privileged situation when you write "see if you can do them a favor.... Ninety-nine times out of 100, the best way to do this is just to give a link."
yes, most photographers, bloggers and even major news sites may feel that a link from TOP would benefit them -- there are very tangible recognition and site traffic factors when an "important site" uses your material; but when the same material is borrowed by someobscureblog.com, the equation shifts; there will be less perceived benefit and more tendency for the RH to feel violated, regardless of how credit is given
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 07:07 PM
leave it to the BBC to cover this very issue today:
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 07:15 PM
sporobolus,
I see your point, but I think what I'm saying is that you just have to judge what will work best for you in each individual situation. If a link is no favor for them, then perhaps you'll just have to ask permission first. You just have to do whatever you think will make the rights holder comfortable.
Don't think it's always a piece of cake for me just because I have a bigger blog. Many's the time I've done a Google search for an illustration and found one that would be perfect, only to have it say "Photo property of ShutterBob, may not be used without permission" or something like that. So I try to ask permission, but often as not the only means of communication is some proprietary channel within the sharing site, and of course ShutterBob doesn't actually visit the sharing site very often, so he doesn't get the message. Ergo, I can't use the picture. In one case I asked someone for permission to use an image and didn't get a reply...until EIGHT MONTHS later! He had just gotten the message. Of course by then it was far too late. He turned out to be a TOP reader and was very disappointed I hadn't used his picture. But the point is, if the owner of the picture is making his or her wishes clear, I'll always respect that.
Monday, 17 May 2010 at 10:26 PM
Dear Sporobolus,
I concur with Mike; you have to figure out how the rules are going to work for you, and everyone's going to do it a bit differently. For example, I interpret the rules more strictly than Mike does. If it's a genuine fair use situation (e.g., a critical essay or commentary) I'm neither going to ask permission in advance nor will I remove the photograph if requested to. Conversely, though, in a situation that is not fair use, I will never, ever use a photograph without permission. When it comes to copyright, I don't feel the adage "it's easier to ask forgiveness than permission" respects either the spirit or the letter of the law.
Personally, I would be rather ticked off to find someone had used one of my photographs without my permission, no matter how favorably, if it wasn't a fair use situation. As far as I'm concerned they don't get to do that, and it is not supposed to be my burden to track down infringers and decide whether or not I approve of the infringement. They are simply not supposed to do it in the first place. That's just me. My mileage differs from Mike's; yours will probably differ from both of ours. You have to figure out what works for you, but what's important is understanding the fundamental principles, which clearly NO2 did not.
Tuesday, 18 May 2010 at 02:11 AM
"When it comes to copyright, I don't feel the adage 'it's easier to ask forgiveness than permission' respects either the spirit or the letter of the law. Personally, I would be rather ticked off to find someone had used one of my photographs without my permission, no matter how favorably, if it wasn't a fair use situation"
...But don't forget, you're an artist. Your attitude is perfectly appropriate for artistic photographs. So that would factor into any decision I would make regarding whether to use your picture. Many photographs aren't art; the last one such I used was an Ebay sale photo, one of a dozen or so the RH had posted on his sale page. I helped him sell his item (I really did, because a TOP reader bought it as a result of my post). It's true, I didn't bother asking permission. But I doubt the RH is unhappy with me. I apply a higher standard for a photograph that is presented in an artistic, expressive context.
Maybe not the letter of the law, but I think that observes the spirit of the law.... Mike
Tuesday, 18 May 2010 at 04:33 AM

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What do people mean by "never forget"
Today I tweeted that I didn't understand why so many people want to "never forget" 9-11. It seemed to me that what I was reading on facebook and twitter was that people wanted to keep an eternal grudge match. Obviously, I misunderstood a lot of people, but I also think it's true of some other people. So what do people mean when they say, "never forget"? Do they mean never forget the people who died and suffered? If so I back that 100 percent. On the other hand if they mean forever hold a grudge against a group of people that we can never truly get back at then count me out. Especially if that means creating a racial divide with everyone of middle eastern decent.
Just another healthy reminder that no time in a crit can you sit on the back and "rest" for a while. At least, unless you have super good fitness to chase down a massive split of the field.
Working With 2 & 4 Yr Olds
Fatherhood is the greatest joy I've known. I'm starting to understand why the the Catholic church teaches that it is the supreme gift of marriage and it's primary purpose. Recent high lites include:-Going to the coffee shop and working on puzzles-Going to the MN zoo-Replacing sod (as seen above)-Riding bikes just about everywhere
This was our first trip away from all three rug rats in 2 and half years, and we were able to go race our bikes! I had the hardest time leaving work/career issues behind me. For some reason I thought about it and family all weekend and couldn't get into race mode. Heather, on the other hand, had a phenomenal stage race taking 3rd overall in the women's CAT 4. More importantly I think she had a super fun time and developed a lot of camaraderie with the other girls she races with. My highlight of the weekend was working the feed zone while Heather raced the Lakwoods RR on Sunday. We knew climbing was her strength and that it would be a good day and sure enough she gapped the field with sizeable margins on the final climb for victory. Posted by
My race day started at around 2:30 AM when my 6 month old Reid woke up. I got up, fed him a bottle, burped him a little, and tried unsuccessfully to go back to a deep sleep. 5:30 rolled around and I hit the snooze until 6 which meant I would have a 7 minute warm up. That was a mistake because the Loon boys got on the front like they should and brought the small field to a single file line for about 25 minutes out of the gate. It was a complete surprise to me during the race that the course had changed. I wasn't angry since as a heavy rider I'll take crosswinds to hills any race so this suited me. Things eased up a bit as we hit the first headwind and I caught my breath. This course must have had 9 turns in it or so? It was interesting trying to position out of the wind on this one. On the western side leading into the tailwind section some guy got pissed at a slow pace and hammered off the front. 4 or so of us caught his wheel and we had a decent gap but it didn't stick all because we couldn't pace line correctly. I'll swear there's more power to pace lining than I have realized. The problem is that guys would get to the front and hammer so hard that I couldn't rotate in. This effort shelled 1 or 2 riders. I asked him a little while later why he got pissed and he said "I can't stand riding slow" I responded that he should talk to me in about 90 minutes about that. Second lap shelled one more and a third lap shelled me and silver boy. I tried to be disappointed about getting shelled but couldn't. I'm having fun out there, plus I knew I left it all on course so the only real regret I have is not getting a better warm up. Funny how I'll go to such great lengths to race and miss something so crucial as a proper warm up.
Wow. Danny M.
Got dropped in 25 minutes. Ouch! That was hard to take. This was my first time through the Durand rollers and I really didn't realise how difficult the rollers could be, especially if someone is at the front driving the pace hard between them. I was fresh on a new bike fit last week so hopefully my body can adjust and do a little better at the rest of the spring road races.

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MiriSphere: April 2011
This year, as ever, the quality of the work and skill involved is truly captivating, the connection to nature and landscape ever so visible. Various media from wood and porcelain through glass, black diamonds and precious metals to discarded plastic bags reflect great consideration for the material and appreciation of the making process. The pieces live each their own life and tell their own story, and at the same time converse with each other in a quiet language of passion, skill and patience. Every time I visit the NCG I find myself enchanted by the beauty of their timeless form, it makes me want to touch them and feel their warmth. I can smell the sea, feel the breeze on my face, run my fingers through the grass and hug the trees. The mood created by these objects and their energy are for me the ultimate proof that the border between arts and crafts has long disappeared. Craft can be equally challenging and exhilarating. It would be impossible to chose my personal favourite, but I am very inspired by Jack Doherty's soda fired porcelain pieces. Using his One clay, one colouring, one firing process, Jack chooses to present the material which we associate with lightness and delicacy in such strong, robust form whilst still managing to capture its simplicity and elegance. The contrast within his own work is wonderful, and his work gains another dimension once put into perspective with other pieces, like f.e. Frances Lambe's Sea-Life forms or Nuala O'Donovans work.
Ingredients 450g Chocolate (broken into pieces - I used half dark/half milk- It's down to your own preference
8 large eggs (cold) Method Grease an 8inch round cake tin and preheat your oven to 160degrees.
Scrape the mixture into the prepared form, fill a roasting tin with water and place your cake tin in the water bad. Bake for approx 25-27mins, the cake should have a crust like a brownie, but still look quite wobbly in the middle. Leave it in the tin to cool, once cool cover it and refrigerate for at least 4 hours. Take the cake out of the fridge 30mins before serving. Sprinkle with icing sugar. This cake is so decadent, I dare you to ask for another piece... Enjoy!
I know there might be people who call it blasphemy calling something that contains flour "an omelette" but I could not come up with a better description for my little recipe. It might seem like a pancake but since it doesn't contain milk or butter milk it's technically not a pancake either... Whatever you want to call it, here's a little recipe for a quick (flour) omelette with rhubarb-raspberry compote drizzled with Highbank Orchard Syrup
Makes 2 omelettes (approx 10inch pan)
2-3 rhubarb stalks- chopped
Combine all in a pan and simmer until soft. The rhubarb will release enough juices so no extra liquid necessary. You might feel it needs an extra bit of sugar...go for it if you feel so...set aside.
4 tbs plain raising flour (or any other flour)
Whisk the egg whites with sugar and salt until stiff. Gently fold in the yolks and flour. Heat a bit of oil in a frying pan and bake the omelettes (moderate heat-be careful, my first one was a disaster...) for approx 2 mins each side, until golden brown.
Serve drizzled with orchard syrup and compote. Enjoy!
I just found this lovely vintage jewellery box in Enable Ireland Charity Shop EUR 2.35!!!! It's beautiful velvet in navy colour, the pictures don't do it justice... LOVIN IT!
What was your best charity shop find?
I spent yesterday out and about with the KETTOW group of Ladies exploring the food and craft businesses around Trail Kilkenny. Trail Kilkenny is an organisation which develops, maintains and promotes a range of leisure trails around the beautiful County Kilkenny. From cycling and walking trails, through food to craft, there is something for everyone; tourists and residents alike. We started our "road trip" with a visit to the Jerpoint Glass This family run studio has been producing beautiful glass pieces of excellent quality for over 30 years. You may also have a chance to watch the glass blowers in action as the workshop itself is open to visitors. Adjacent to the studio is the Jerpoint shop and gallery where you can see their whole collection of skillfully crafted glass as well as paintings and pottery work by other artists. The visit to this picturesque place is truly a unique experience.
Next stop was Thomastown and Blackberry cafe - an award winning eatery owned by Jackie Hoyne located in a beautifully restored 18th century building. Jackie is very passionate about local
food produce and traditional recipes, which can easily be seen in Blackberry's menu- we loved the freshly baked scones and tarts she welcomed us with and will definitely be back for more!
Just across the road from Blackberry Cafe is the Design Studio and Gallery of Karen Morgan an amazing ceramist renowned for her distinctive hand thrown porcelain work. I have been admiring Karen's work for several years and it was great to finally meet her in person.
I was also so absorbed talking to Karen that I forgot to take a picy of the new Gallery, so here at least an image of her work (taken from here)
It wouldn't have been a perfect trip without chocolate and cheese, therefore we made a little stop at Truffle Fairy to taste their fine truffles and fudge (tequila, salt and lemon praline. Yum!) before we headed off to Knockdrinna Cheese - producers of award winning farmhouse cheeses from cow's, goat's and ewe's milk. We got a mini-tour of the farm by the owner Helen Finnegan and made new friends
The latest addition to the farm is the Farm Cafe serving great food prepared using mainly the own farm produce- see the Knockdrinna Goat's Cheese and sundried tomato tart below. You should taste it yourself at Knockdrinna Farm in Stoneyford!
Followed the lavish food and truffles we had no choice but to join Eoin Hogan from Trail Kilkenny for a brisk walk along one of many Kilkenny trails. The day was truly inspiring and another showcase of how lucky we are living in this beautiful county full of scenic walks, amazing crafts and great food. For all those who think that "the grass is always greener" and travel the world in search of beautiful things, I highly recommend a walk alongside River Nore followed by a cup of coffee at the Blackberry Cafe....mmmmm....


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I would like to see more variety at the breakfast... - Hampton Inn Rutland/Killington Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor
I would like to see more variety at the breakfast... - Hampton Inn Rutland/Killington Traveller Reviews
“They have a pool, I didn't use it”
and 4 more sites! Hampton Inn Rutland/Killington Hotel
Stayed for the first time ever at this establishment. The price per night is higher than most other hotels in the area, but I got a great deal as a rewards member ($50 + 12000 loyalty points) which made this a much more affordable option for a ski trip at Killington than paying condo prices at peak season. The hotel was a typical good Hampton Inn experience...clean, fresh, met our needs. I would like to see more variety at the breakfast bar (when you stay for a few days, the same old, same old gets, well, old. But that seems to be pretty typical for the Hampton Inns I've stayed at recently, the choices don't vary much, but are certainly adequate for meeting basic needs.
Thank Heather S Report Ask Heather S about Hampton Inn Rutland/Killington
Dutch first English first French first German first Italian first Japanese first Portuguese first Spanish first Any MikeNov
Level Contributor 10 reviews 6 helpful votes “Good quality hotel in Rutland”
This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC Steve0823
This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC Donna Sue D
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This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC Natalieilovetotravel has 1 more review of Hampton Inn Rutland/Killington “Awesome place to stay”
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My kids love to pretend. I don't know many who don't. I took these photos of them pretending to have church. Robert preached, Josiah led the singing, and Abby sang a special song she made up for the occasion. Posted by
I have enjoyed our garden. I do every year. It gives me an excuse to get out of the house, enjoy playing in the dirt, and get some vitamin D from the sun. It also is great to feed my family with the home grown, organic, fresh produce from my own garden. I miss it over the winter. If I could find a way to have a green house without spending a lot of money, I would do it. I expanded my gardening area and had even more this year.The kids got involved as usual. They love playing in the dirt, and the youngest usually eats some of the dirt, too. They each had their favorite vegetables they wanted to plant. Abby's favorite is peas, while Robert likes carrots. Josiah is still learning about what grows and what doesn't, so he asked to plant spam this year. Now I did plant the potatoes which combined with spam makes a favorite dish for Navajos.We tried some new things this year. Broccoli worked great, but cauliflower did nothing. I also tried the wall-o-water this year and really liked the results. The night temperatures really drop here and makes it hard to start plants. The wall-o-water helped even out the temperature fluctuations and we enjoyed some beautiful tomatoes and jalapeno much earlier than usual. Here are some of our gardening photos.Josiah is very proud of his tomato plant, which is bigger than him!We planted broccoli, cauliflower, peas, onions, beets, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, green chillies, jalapenos, bell peppers, cantaloupe, watermelon, and cucumbers.
Beth loves to dress herself. After I dress her, she uses her own clothes or other family members clothes to add to what we have already done. Her own clothes are still a challenge for her so she usually raids her brothers' and sister's thingsDad's shorts on upside down.Brother's t-shirts on. I think she has two on.Next she added sister's skirt and brother's underwear (upside down under the skirt).The skirt is inside out, but she is enjoying her outfit.


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Virtual Magic: Aurora
The aurora is a bright glow observed in the night sky, usually in the polar zone. For this reason some scientists call it a "polar aurora" (or "aurora polaris"). In northern latitudes it is known as the aurora borealis, which is named after the Roman goddess of the dawn, Aurora, and the Greek name for north wind, Boreas, since in Europe especially it often appears as a reddish glow on the northern horizon as if the sun were rising from an unusual direction. The aurora borealis is also called the northern lights. The aurora borealis most often occurs from September to October and from March to April. Its southern counterpart, aurora australis, has similar properties.
The aurora is now known to be caused by electrons of typical energy of 1-15 keV, i.e. the energy obtained by the electrons passing through a voltage difference of 1,000-15,000 volts. The light is produced when they collide with atoms of the upper atmosphere, typically at altitudes of 80-150 km. It tends to be dominated by emissions of atomic oxygen--the greenish line at 557.7 nm and (especially with electrons of lower energy and higher altitude) the dark-red line at 630.0 nm. Both these represent forbidden transitions of atomic oxygen from energy levels which (in absence of collisions) persist for a long time, accounting for the slow brightening and fading (0.5-1 sec) of auroral rays. Many other lines can also be observed, especially those of molecular nitrogen, and these vary much faster, revealing the true dynamic nature of the aurora.
Auroras can also be observed in the ultra-violet (UV) light, a very good way of observing it from space (but not from ground--the atmosphere absorbs UV). The Polar spacecraft even observed it in X-rays. The image is very rough, but precipitation of high-energy electrons can be identified.
Typically the aurora appears either as a diffuse glow or as "curtains" that approximately extend in the east-west direction. At some times, they form "quiet arcs", at others ("active aurora") they evolve and change constantly. Each curtain consists of many parallel rays, each lined up with the local direction of the magnetic field lines, suggesting that aurora is shaped by the Earth's magnetic field, Indeed, satellites show auroral electrons to be guided by magnetic field lines, spiraling around them while moving earthwards.
The curtains often show folds called "striations". When the field line guiding a bright auroral patch leads to a point directly above the observer, the aurora may appear as a "corona" of diverging rays, an effect of perspective.
In 1741, Hiorter and Celsius first noticed other evidence for magnetic control, namely, large magnetic fluctuations occurred whenever the aurora was observed overhead. This indicates (it was later realized) that large electric currents were associated with the aurora, flowing in the region where auroral light originated. Kristian Birkeland (1908) deduced that the currents flowed in the east-west directions along the auroral arc, and such currents, flowing from the dayside towards (approximately) midnight were later named "auroral electrojets".
Still more evidence for a magnetic connection are the statistics of auroral observations. Elias Loomis (1860) and later in more detail Hermann Fritz (1881) established that the aurora appeared mainly in the "auroral zone", a ring-shaped region of approx. radius 2500 km around the magnetic pole of the Earth, not its geographic one. It was hardly ever seen near that pole itself. The instantaneous distribution of auroras ("auroral oval", Yasha or Yakov Feldshtein 1963) is slightly different, centered about 3-5 degrees nightward of the magnetic pole, so that auroral arcs reach furthest equatorward around midnight.
The Earth is constantly immersed in the solar wind, a rarefied flow of hot plasma (gas of free electrons and positive ions) emitted by the sun in all directions, a result of the million-degree heat of the sun's outermost layer, the solar corona. The solar wind usually reaches Earth with a velocity around 400 km/s, density around 5 ions/cc and magnetic field intensity around 2–5 nT (nanoteslas; the Earth's surface field is typically 30,000–50,000 nT). These are typical values. During magnetic storms, in particular, flows can be several times faster; the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) may also be much stronger.
The Earth's magnetosphere is the space region dominated by its magnetic field. It forms an obstacle in the path of the solar wind, causing it to be diverted around it, at a distance of about 70,000 km (before it reaches that boundary, typically 12,000–15,000 km upstream, a bow shock forms). The width of the magnetospheric obstacle, abreast of Earth is typically 190,000 km, and on the night side a long "magnetotail" of stretched field lines extends to great distances.
The aurora is a common occurrence in the ring-shaped zone. It is occasionally seen in temperate latitudes, when a strong magnetic storm temporarily expands the auroral oval. Large magnetic storms are most common during the peak of the 11-year sunspot cycle, or during the 3 years after that peak. However, within the auroral zone the likelihood of an aurora occurring depends mostly on the slant of IMF lines (known as Bz, pronounced "bee-sub-zed" or "bee-sub-zee"), being greater with southward slants.
Geomagnetic storms that ignite auroras actually happen more often during the months around the equinoxes. It is not well understood why geomagnetic storms are tied to the Earth's seasons when polar activity is not. It is known, however, that during spring and autumn, the earth's and the interplanetary magnetic field link up. At the magnetopause, Earth's magnetic field points north. When Bz becomes large and negative (i.e., the IMF tilts south) it can partially cancel Earth's magnetic field at the point of contact. South-pointing Bz's open a door through which energy from the solar wind can reach Earth's inner magnetosphere.
The peaking of Bz during this time is a result of geometry. The interplanetary magnetic field comes from the Sun and is carried outward the solar wind. Because the Sun rotates the IMF has a spiral shape. Earth's magnetic dipole axis is most closely aligned with the Parker spiral in April and October. As a result, southward (and northward) excursions of Bz are greatest then.
However, Bz is not the only influence on geomagnetic activity. The Sun's rotation axis is tilted 7 degrees with respect to the plane of Earth's orbit. Because the solar wind blows more rapidly from the Sun's poles than from its equator, the average speed of particles buffeting Earth's magnetosphere waxes and wanes every six months. The solar wind speed is greatest -- by about 50 km/s, on average -- around 5 September and March 5 when Earth lies at its highest heliographic latitude.
Both the magnetosphere and the solar wind consist of plasma, which can conduct electricity. It is well known (since Faraday's work around 1830) that if two electric conductors are immersed in a magnetic field and one moves relative to the other, while a closed electric circuit exists which threads both conductors, then an electric current will arise in that circuit. Electric generators or dynamos make use of this process ("the dynamo effect"), but the conductors can also be plasmas or other fluids.
In particular the solar wind and the magnetosphere are two electrically conducting fluids with such relative motion, and should be able (in principle) to generate electric currents by "dynamo action", in the process also extracting energy from the flow of the solar wind. The process is hampered by the fact plasmas conduct easily along magnetic field lines but not so perpendicular to them. It is therefore important that a temporary magnetic interconnection be established between the field lines of the solar wind and those of the magnetosphere, by a process known as magnetic reconnection. It happens most easily with a southward slant of interplanetary field lines, because then field lines north of Earth approximately match the direction of field lines near the north magnetic pole (namely, into the earth), and similarly near the southern pole. Indeed, active auroras (and related "substorms") are much more likely at such times.
Ionospheric resistance has a complex nature, and leads to a secondary Hall current flow. By a strange twist of physics, the magnetic disturbance on the ground due to the main current almost cancels out, so most of the observed effect of auroras is due to a secondary current, the auroral electrojet. An auroral electrojet index (measured in nanotesla) is regularly derived from ground data, and serves as a general measure of auroral activity.
However, ohmic resistance is not the only obstacle to current flow in this circuit. The convergence of magnetic field lines near Earth creates a "mirror effect" which turns back most of the down-flowing electrons (where currents flow upwards), inhibiting current-carrying capacity. To overcome this, part of the available voltage appears along the field line ("parallel to the field"), helping electrons overcome that obstacle by widening the bundle of trajectories reaching Earth; a similar "parallel voltage" is used in "tandem mirror" plasma containment devices. A feature of such voltage is that it is concentrated near Earth (potential proportional to field intensity; Persson, 1963) and indeed, as deduced by Evans (1974) and confirmed by satellites, most auroral acceleration occurs below 10,000 km. Another indicator of parallel electric fields along field lines are beams of upwards flowing O+ ions observed on auroral field lines.
While this mechanism is probably the main source of the familiar auroral arcs, formations conspicuous from the ground, more energy might go to other, less prominent types of aurora, e.g. the diffuse aurora and the low-energy electrons precipitated in magnetic storms.
1. Dynamo action with the solar wind flowing past Earth, possibly producing quiet auroral arcs ("directly driven" process). The circuit of the accelerating currents and their connection to the solar wind are uncertain.
2. Dynamo action involving plasma squeezed earthward by sudden convulsions of the magnetotail ("magnetic substorms"). Substorms tend to occur after prolonged spells (hours) during which the interplanetary magnetic field has an appreciable southward component, leading to a high rate of interconnection between its field lines and those of Earth. As a result the solar wind moves magnetic flux (tubes of magnetic field lines, moving together with their resident plasma) from the day side of Earth to the magnetotail, widening the obstacle it presents to the solar wind flow, and causing it to be squeezed harder. Ultimately the tail plasma is torn ("magnetic reconnection") --some blobs ("plasmoids") are squeezed tailwards and are carried away with the solar wind, others are squeezed earthwards where their motion feeds large outbursts of aurora, mainly around midnight ("unloading process"). Geomagnetic storms have similar effects, but with greater vigor. The big difference is the addition of many particles to the plasma trapped around Earth, enhancing the "ring current" which it carries. The resulting modification of the Earth's field allows aurora to be visible at middle latitudes, on field lines much closer to the equator.
3. Satellite images of the aurora from above show a "ring of fire" along the auroral oval (see above), often widest at midnight. That is the "diffuse aurora", not distinct enough to be seen by the eye. It does not seem to be associated with acceleration by electric currents (although currents and their arcs may be embedded in it) but to be due to electrons leaking out of the magnetotail.
Any magnetic trapping is leaky--there always exists a bundle of directions ("loss cone") around the guiding magnetic field lines where particles are not trapped but escape. In the radiation belts of Earth, once particles on such trajectories are gone, new ones only replace them very slowly, leaving such directions nearly "empty". In the magnetotail, however, particle trajectories seem to be constantly reshuffled, probably when the particles cross the very weak field near the equator. As a result the flow of electrons in all directions is nearly the same ("isotropic"), and that assures a steady supply of leaking electrons.
The energization of such electrons comes from magnetotail processes. The leakage of negative electrons does not leave the tail positively charged, because each leaked the electron lost to the atmosphere is quickly replaced by a low energy electron drawn upwards from the ionosphere. Such replacement of "hot" electrons by "cold" ones is in complete accord with the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
Other types of aurora have been observed from space, e.g. "poleward arcs" stretching sunward across the polar cap, the related "theta aurora", and "dayside arcs" near noon. These are relatively infrequent and poorly understood. Space does not allow discussion of other effects such as flickering aurora, "black aurora" and subvisual red arcs. In addition to all these, a weak glow (often deep red) has been observed around the two polar cusps, the "funnels" of field lines separating the ones that close on the day side of Earth from lines swept into the tail. The cusps allow a small amount of solar wind to reach the top of the atmosphere, producing an auroral glow.
* Auroral electrons come from beams emitted by the sun. This was claimed around 1900 by Kristian Birkeland, whose experiments in a vacuum chamber with electron beams and magnetized spheres (miniature models of the Earth or "terrellas") showed that such electrons would be guided towards the polar regions. Problems with this model included absence of aurora at the poles themselves, self-dispersal of such beams by their negative charge, and more recently, lack of any observational evidence in space.
* The aurora is the overflow of the radiation belt ("leaky bucket theory"). This was first disproved around 1962 by James Van Allen and co-workers, who showed that the high rate at which energy was dissipated by the aurora would quickly drain all that was available in the radiation belt. Soon afterwards it became clear that most of the energy in trapped particles resided in positive ions, while auroral particles were almost always electrons, of relatively low energy.
* The aurora is produced by solar wind particles guided by the Earth's field lines to the top of the atmosphere. This holds true for the cusp aurora, but outside the cusp, the solar wind has no direct access. In addition, the main energy in the solar wind resides in positive ions; electrons only have about 0.5 eV (electron volt), and while in the cusp this may be raised to 50–100 eV, that still falls short of auroral energies.
Throughout history people have written and spoken of sounds associated with auroral displays, often describing them as crackling, hissing, buzzing, or whistling. Danish explorer Knud Rasmussen mentioned them indirectly in 1932 while describing the folk traditions of Greenland Eskimos. The same sounds in the same context are mentioned in an account written by Canadian anthropologist Ernest Hawkes in 1916. Cornelius Tacitus (AD 56-120), an ancient Roman historian, wrote that people from the north of (modern) Germany claimed to hear them.
Today, many people continue to report these sounds, but despite their many anecdotal reports, nobody has yet managed to record the sounds, and there are scientific problems with the idea of the sounds being true sound waves originating in the auroras. The energy of the auroras and other factors make it extremely improbable that any sounds directly produced by auroral discharges would reach the ground, and the coincidence of sounds with the visible changes in the auroras conflicts with the necessary propagation time for any sounds from the discharges themselves. Some people speculate that local electrostatic phenomena induced by the auroras might explain the sounds; theories associated with brush discharges seem to fit the reported observations best, although no theory thus far provides a completely satisfactory explanation.
Images of aurora are significantly more common today due to the rise in digital camera use with high enough sensitivities. Film and digital exposure to auroral displays is fraught with many difficulties, particularly if faithfulness of reproduction is an important objective. Due to the different spectral energy present, and changing dynamically throughout the exposure, the results are somewhat unpredictable. Different layers of the film emulsion respond differently to lower light levels, and choice of film can be very important. Longer exposures aggregate the rapidly changing energy and often blanket the dynamic attribute of a display. Higher sensitivity creates issues with graininess. David Malin pioneered multiple exposure using multiple filters for astronomical photography, recombining the images in the laboratory to recreate the visual display more accurately. For scientific research, proxies are often used, such as ultra-violet, and re-coloured to simulate the appearance to humans. Predictive techniques are also used, to indicate the extent of the display, a highly useful tool for aurora hunters. Terrestrial features often find their way into aurora images, making them more accessible and more likely to be published by the major websites. It is possible to take excellent images with standard film (employing ISO ratings between 100 and 400) and an SLR with full aperture, a fast lens (f1.4 50mm, for example), and an exposures between 10 and 30 seconds, depending on the aurora's display strength. 2001 image
The Valkyrior are warlike virgins, mounted upon horses and armed with helmets and spears. /.../ When they ride forth on their errand, their armour sheds a strange flickering light, which flashes up over the northern skies, making what men call the "aurora borealis", or "Northern Lights".
While a striking notion, there is nothing in the Old Norse literature supporting this assertion. Although auroral activity is common over Scandinavia and Iceland today, it is possible that the Magnetic North Pole was considerably further away from this region during the centuries before the documentation of Norse mythology, thus explaining the absent references.
The first Old Norse account of norðurljós is instead found in the Norwegian chronicle Konungs Skuggsjá from AD 1250. The chronicler has heard about this phenomenon from compatriots returning from Greenland, and he gives three possible explanations: that the Ocean was surrounded by vast fires, that the sun flares could reach around the world to its night side, or that glaciers could store energy so that they eventually became fluorescent.
An old Scandinavian name for northern lights translates as herring flash. It was believed that northern lights were the reflections cast by large swarms of herring onto the sky.
Another Scandinavian source refers to 'the fires that surround the North and South edges of the world'. This has been put forward as evidence that the Norse ventured as far as Antarctica, although this is insufficient to form a solid conclusion.
In Estonian they are called virmalised, a spirit beings of higher realms. On some legends they are given negative characters on some positive ones.
The Sami people believed that one should be particularly careful and quiet when observed by the northern lights (called guovssahasat in Northern Sami). Mocking the northern lights or singing about them was believed to be particularly dangerous, and could cause the lights to descend on the mocker and kill him.
In Inuit folklore, northern lights were the spirits of the dead playing football with a walrus skull over the sky.
The Inuit also used the aurora to get their children home after dark by claiming that if you whistled in their presence they would come down and burn you up.
In Scotland, the northern lights were known as "the merry dancers" or na fir-chlis. There are many old sayings about them, including the Scottish Gaelic proverb "When the merry dancers play, they are like to slay." The playfulness of the merry dancers was supposed to end occasionally in quite a serious fight, and next morning when children saw patches of red lichen on the stones, they say amongst themselves that "the merry dancers bled each other last night". The appearance of these lights in the sky was considered a sign of the approach of unsettled weather.
* The words of the folksong The Northern Lights of Old Aberdeen were written by Mary and Mel Webb.
* The Aurora Borealis featured in the 1983 Scottish film Local Hero.
* The Aurora Borealis cause a temporal anomaly in the 2000 film Frequency, featuring Dennis Quaid. As a result, a son is able to communicate with his father via HAM radio some thirty years in the past, and alter history.
* The northern lights are mentioned in the song "Farmhouse" by the American jam band Phish.
* They are featured in several episodes of the early 1990's television series Northern Exposure.
* A member of the Marvel Comics superhero team Alpha Flight is named Aurora, after the Northern Lights.
* The title of the first book of Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials trilogy, Northern Lights, is a reference to the aurora borealis, which plays a large role in the novel.
* In The X-Files: The Game, the lights are utilised by the United States Government to hide the existance of Extra-Terrestrial life and UFOs


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Statements concerning Kosovo. 18 February 2008 | Voices from Russia
Statements concerning Kosovo. 18 February 2008	Filed under: Orthodox life,patriotic,Russian,Serbia — 01varvara @ 00.00 Deep concern of the Church dignitaries, the Holy Synod of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Belgrade Public Statement Issued by the Holy Synod of Bishops on the Latest Developments in Kosovo and Metohija
During an extraordinary session held at the Patriarchy on 17 February 2008, the following statement on the latest developments in Kosovo and Metohija was issued by the Holy Synod of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church, aimed at the national and international public:
Just like uncountable times before, the Church is announcing once more today, that Kosovo and Metohija was and must remain an integral part of Serbia, in accordance to the Charter of the United Nations, Security Council Resolution 1244, as well as according to all relevant international conventions on human rights, the rights of peoples, and on the inviolability of internationally recognised borders. Any solution other than that represents a violation of God’s justice and of human justice; it represents an act of violence with long-term repercussions, both for the Balkans and the whole of Europe. All internationally recognised and ratified conventions, which have not been revoked up until now, starting from the Agreement concluded in 1913, the international resolutions dated 1918 and 1945, up until UN Security Council Resolution 1244 adopted in 1999, and the recent acceptance into UN membership of integral Serbia, all confirm that excluding Kosovo and Metohija from Serbia represents a form of violence equal only to the periods of occupation and tyranny, which we hoped definitely belonged to the past of Europe and the world. In this particular case, this means granting new legitimacy to centuries of Ottoman violence with its impact on the entire region, as well as re-applying the fascist solution (that of Mussolini and Hitler) to the Kosovo issue dating back to the times of World War II, when Kosovo and Metohija were annexed to so-called Great Albania, when thousands of Orthodox Christian Serbs were expelled from their secular homes, just like in 1999, with the objective of not having them return, ever.
We are deeply appalled by the fact that, according to the words of an American Ambassador, it was because of the presently announced illegitimate and illegal recognition on behalf of the governments of the United States of America, Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, and others, of the self-declared Kosovo independence that Serbia and Montenegro were bombarded in the first place. Thus, the presumed protection of human and minority rights by using bomb attacks with the code name “Merciful Angel”, represented only a preparation for this final trampling on justice and tearing the heart out of Serbia’s breast.
We expect the United Nations and the Security Council to urgently step out in the defence and the protection of the infringed human rights, the rights of religion and statehood of the Republic of Serbia, in the spirit of their very Charter and Resolution 1244, as well as its international obligations.
****** Statement by President of Serbia Boris Tadic:
Serbia will never recognise Kosovo-Metohija’s independence
Serbian President Boris Tadic stated today that Serbia will make responsible moves and will do everything in its power to annul the self-willing and illegal declaration of Kosovo’s independence that Serbia will never recognise.
Serbia will never recognise Kosovo-Metohija’s independence. Serbia has reacted and will react with all peaceful, diplomatic, and legal means for this act of interim Kosovo institutions to be annulled. Serbia requests from international institutions in Kosovo to declare this act null and void effective immediately, as it is against basic principles of international law, the President said.
Tadic pointed out that people’s lives and their safety are most important at this moment and urged KFOR and UNMIK to provide safety for Serbs and other non-Albanians in Kosovo, to protect their homes and all our sacred places. The President stressed that responsibility for every life in Kosovo-Metohija lies on them.
He noted that Serbia would take this situation peacefully, with dignity, and in a civilised manner.
Serbia will not use violence and that is the only approach that can allow us to continue our legitimate fight for preservation of the country’s integrity, and Serbia will be persistent in this diplomatic battle, defending its interests and international law no matter how much it takes and until the illegitimate act on independence is fully out of effect, the President concluded.
****** Latest news from Belgrade (News agencies)
President Tadic has arrived in New York, where he will attend an extraordinary session of the UN Security Council convened on the request of Serbia and Russia. The President of Serbia will request that the UN Security Council annul the Declaration of Independence of the breakaway Serbian province.
The Serbian Parliament is meeting this evening to officially approve the Goverment of Serbia’s decision on the annulment of Kosovo’s independence. The Serbian Ministry of Interior has issued police warrants against Kosovo political leaders who took part in a proclamation of a quasi-state in Kosovo. The Serbian Government is expected to activate a series of measures (economic, political, etc) which will block Kosovo and prevent its access to international organisations. Serbbia requested an urgent meeting of OSCE on Tuesday, and asked for a special meeting of the Council of Europe. Against the countries which will probably recognise the breakaway Province as a state Serbia will take all possible legal measures available to it under international law, UN Charter, and the Helsinki Final Act. The Serbian Parliament majority and the majority of political leaders of Serbia are very strong in their position that Serbia can continue its path towards EU and Euro-Atlantic integrations only with Kosovo as an integral part (of the Serbian state). Recognition of the secession would practically freeze relations with EU countries for a long time.
Serbian leaders have called upon Kosovo Serbs to refrain from any contacts with the illegal authorities in Kosovo and the EU Mission, which is expected to be proclaimed illegal by Serbia in case it is deployed without a clear UN Security Council mandate.
Yesterday’s protests in Belgrade in front of US Embassy. In the following days, massive protests in Belgrade and other Serbian cities have been announced against the support of some Western countries for the illegal Albanian state in Kosovo.
****** Statement by Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica:
Proclamation of a Phoney state on Serbia’s territory
Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica stressed that the unilateral declaration of a phoney state of Kosovo-Metohija today on Serbian territory is an unprecedented lawlessness that came as a result of the destructive, cruel, and immoral policy of force used by the US.
Dear citizens of Serbia:
Today, on 17 February 2008, a phoney state of Kosovo has been declared in the part of Serbia’s territory that is under military control of NATO. This unprecedented lawlessness came because of destructive, cruel, and immoral policies of force implemented by the USA. This act informs the whole world that America prefers force to the UN Charter, and it is ready to wilfully, unscrupulously, and violently jeopardise international order for the sake of its own military interests.
Preferring violence to the principles of international law, the US used stark force, and it humiliated and forced the EU to break the principles that the very EU is based on. America forced Europe to follow it in unprecedented violence demonstrated against Serbia. Europe has bent its head today and that is why it will be responsible for the far-reaching consequences that this violence will have on the European and world order. This act has above all humiliated the EU, not Serbia. Serbia refuses to be dishonoured, for it firmly respects law and order, and it refuses to bow to brute force.
This unilateral proclamation of a phoney state under the patronage of the US and the EU represents the final act of policy of force that started with aggression and insane bombardment of Serbia, and then continued with the arrival of NATO troops in Kosovo-Metohija. Never before has the truth been clearer on the reason for Serbia being savagely destroyed with NATO bombs like it is clear today, on 17 February 2008. The real foundations of the phoney state of Kosovo are the bombs that NATO used to destroy Serbia. This is why the truth needs to be told that behind this phoney state are the military interests of NATO, which is also confirmed in Annex 11 of Ahtisaari’s plan. Only in that way could they create this phoney state, and it will forever remain phoney even if the Western countries sacrifice the whole world order and risk peace for its recognition.
The President of the US, who is responsible for this violence, and his European followers, will go down in black letters not only in Serbian history books, but also in the history of international law and world order that international law guarantees.
Rowdy crowd of ethnic Albanians in Pristina streets We well know how dangerous, cruel, and blind the policy of force implemented by the US is. Nevertheless, knowing that, Serbia has resolutely and for the last time annulled all the decisions concerning the unilateral independence as well as all future acts pertaining from this illegal act. Serbia has also annulled the decision of the EU to illegally send its mission to the province, which was made as a result of Europe’s lack of power. With this decision, the Serbian government established the basis of a Serbian state and national programme for Kosovo-Metohija following (the unilateral declaration of independence on) 17 February 2008.
Citizens of Serbia, this phoney state, an (illegally declared) independent Kosovo on the territory of Serbia, does not and will never exist for Serbia. For Serbia, all Serbs, and all citizens in the province who respect our state are Serbian citizens enjoying full rights. That is why it is important that the laws and institutions of the Republic of Serbia are valid for them. As of today, we must show greater concern and solidarity with our people in Kosovo-Metohija. All ministries have been directed to work and provide considerably better living conditions, help create new jobs, and launch investments in the province. The state of Serbia will take greatest possible care about its each and every citizen in Kosovo-Metohija. And our ministers are with their people in the province today.
We warn that since the arrival of NATO troops in Kosovo-Metohija, many Serbs have been killed and exiled, whereas numerous houses, ancient monasteries, and churches have been burnt down. Since NATO came, too much evil and violence has been imposed upon Serbs. That is why new innocent victims, new exiles, and new destructions in Kosovo must not happen by any means. There was too much violence against Serbs and those who took on responsibility for security in the province must absolutely fulfil their obligations.
I wish to once again repeat that Serbia is an old state, that the Serbian nation is an old European nation. Through our centuries-long state-building history as nation, we experienced the evils that foreign force can impose. However, in our history, we are convinced even more of the force of law and justice and the values of freedom. Law, justice, and freedom will guide us until the province of Kosovo-Metohija is back to where it belongs, in the constitutional order of Serbia. Moreover, while the policy of force thinks it has triumphed today by creating a phoney state, millions of Serbs are thinking already of the day of freedom that must come. No one has ever managed to prevent the Serbian people from claiming its freedom. All that we cannot do today, new and better generations than us will do tomorrow. Kosovo is Serbia and it must always be like that.
Yesterday’s proclamation of Kosovo’s independence in Pristina with thousands of Albanian flags Citizens of Serbia, we must show to the whole world together that we oppose the breaking up of our state and that we do not accept violent creation of a phoney state on our territory. By opposing the policy of violence that is being implemented upon Serbia, we must be united and state our views in support to our compatriots and citizens in Kosovo-Metohija. The government and parliamentary parties will together organise peaceful protests across Serbia, as well as a large protest in Belgrade. In these protests, our dignity must be (evident), (this is how we must oppose the) force against which we are fighting. We shall leave force to violators, who, by using it, disgraced themselves for all time; we shall show the power of law and justice, and we shall show how much we love and respect freedom and a free Serbia including our Kosovo-Metohija. As long as the Serbian people exist, Kosovo remains (a part of) Serbia.
A few Serbian policemen were injured in attempts to prevent angry protestors from approaching the US Embassy in Belgrade Serb protests at the administrative boundary of Kosovo Province Serbian Army controlling access to Kosovo Province Editor’s note: There one has it. George W Bush has finally entangled himself in a trap of his own devising. The objective results of the action in Kosovo are clear to all disinterested observers. That there shall be a formal alliance between Serbia and Russia is clear. That Serbia shall be admitted to the SCO as a full member is also evident. There are also other, more subtle, effects of this action. The alliance between Russia and China shall be strengthened by this. The adherence of the smaller members of the SCO shall be tighter, as their leaders do not wish to become victims of American “democracy”.
Nevertheless, George W Bush shall rue a possible effect to his dying day. At present, Iran is an “observer” in the SCO. Anyone of consequence knows that it is a full member in all but name. It has not been admitted to full membership because Russia and China were cognizant of American feelings on the topic. Now, all bets are off. I believe it very probable that the Iranian president shall soon visit both Moscow and Beijing, and that Iran shall be elevated to full status as a member of the SCO with full public guarantees of its security against American aggression.
In addition, this shall drive New Delhi closer to Moscow. There are separatist movements in various places in India, and this means that India shall not be immune from American “export of democracy”. The neocons, and especially Condeleeza Rice, have served George W Bush poorly. Mr Bush is ignorant of anything beyond his limited world. Therefore, he was at the mercy of his neocon advisors.
Serbia shall be backed unconditionally by Russia, and I, as an overseas Russian, support this wholeheartedly. America should know that the world wishes to be its friend, but, they shall not bow their heads before the violent export of “democracy” by the neocons.
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Summer holiday in Monopoli | Dress up and go
← Amalfi coast part II	NB for a walk →
2 thoughts on “Summer holiday in Monopoli”
What a coincidence this post was the first I stumbled upon after writing my holiday post!!
This looks really lovely, the flowers are so colourful and the weather looks great.
Quaint towns like this are the best.
Thank you. I love Italy 🙂


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Communication Specialist salaries in Los Angeles, CA$25.67 per hour$51,336 per year$4,278 per month$1,027 per week$205 per day24.3% higher than national average$17.82$36.97CommonEstimated salary from 23 jobs

value: Indeed is an American worldwide employment website for job listings launched in November 2004. It is a subsidiary of Japan's Recruit Co.


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On the Way (2014) Watch Full HD Movie google drive - Home Movie
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Star : , Ponnamma Babu, Balachandran Chullikadu, Indrans, Irshad
Genre :, Drama, Thriller
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DOOMRYDERZ: 2012
Decibel Magazine honors the passing of Stinkweed Special Thanks to Dave Adelson at 20 Buck Spin records and to Albert Mudrian at Decibel for facilitating this public eulogy for Kindred and mega thanks to Shawn Macomber for assembling and editing this piece for us Doomryderz. Leave a comment on the Decibel page for Kin!!!! Click here if you didn't already find the link!
Posted by DOOMRYDERZ FAMILY at 9:58 PM 1 comment:
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Episode 01 http://www.megaupload.com/?d=SBPJIVNM
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Posted by Kaito Kid at 3:18 PM 0 comments
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Second season of The World God Only Knows.
Password: naoyama
Episode 01-12 MF, FS
Episode 01-12 MF, MU
Posted by Kaito Kid at 3:12 PM 0 comments
Aired: Sep 25, 2010 to Dec 22, 2010
Password : naoyama
Episode 01-12 MF
Posted by Kaito Kid at 3:11 PM 0 comments
Posted by Kaito Kid at 10:51 PM 0 comments
Posted by Kaito Kid at 5:05 PM 0 comments
* Based on the PlayStation 2 romance simulation game Amagami by Enterbrain
Tachibana Jun'ichi, a 2nd year high school student, always feels depressed around Christmas time due to a certain past experience. Due to his fear of opening his heart to love, his school life is rather lonely.
Episode 05 - MU, FS
OVA 01 FS, RS
Posted by Kaito Kid at 5:04 PM 0 comments
Microtechnology has created self-powered roller blades that allow a rider to rip along at blistering speeds, roar up walls and fly to incredible heights. And now Air Trecks (AT) has become the new rage with all of the gangs. Ikki got the dickens kicked out of him by a roller-blade gang and the four sisters that he is staying with are not going to allow him to forget it. Of the four sisters, it falls upon fourteen-year-old Ringo to be responsible for looking after their trouble-some adopted little brother whom they have nicknamed baby-face. When Ikki finds out that the girls are part of an elite AT gang called the Sleeping Forest, he borrows one of their skates and rides off into the night vowing to learn to ride. A chance encounter introduces him to a cute roller-blade girl. Ikki follows her to a Stormrider (AT gang) gathering and learns that she is called Simca. Simca really seems to take a fancy for him (or perhaps she really enjoys teasing him), but when his sisters (most specifically Ringo) find out, they are not happy with Ikki's new friend.
Posted by Kaito Kid at 5:02 PM 0 comments
Posted by Kaito Kid at 5:00 PM 0 comments
Password: msaadn
http://safelinking.net/p/e08ce75d01
Posted by Kaito Kid at 4:58 PM 0 comments


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Amazon.com: Leap Frog - Math Circus: Leapfrog: Movies & TV
Comment: PLEASE READ FULL DESCRIPTION -USED GOOD MEDIA- This item will still be in its original case.some scratches may be on disk. garentee to play flawlessly ship directly from Amazon fast free super saver shipping "we ship worldwide" Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. Something we hope you'll especially enjoy: FBA items qualify for FREE Shipping and .
5 collectible from $3.68
This item: Leap Frog - Math Circus ~ Leapfrog DVD $6.10
LeapFrog: Word Caper DVD $7.99
ASIN: B0002V7U0A
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #123,149 in Movies & TV (See Top 100 in Movies & TV)
See all 126 customer reviews This video series is highly recommended.LunatainaIt didn't flow as nicely and went into the more difficult concepts too quickly without much background or explanation.Stacy VZShe learns a lot from them and really enjoyed watching it.C. D. ANDREA
214 of 218 people found the following review helpfulA Great Intro Video to Math Concepts for kids--math circus
TOP 500 REVIEWER on December 28, 2004Format: VHS Tape
Unlike the previous reviewers I thought this video was great. Though it could be longer, it gives kids (mine are 4.5 and 2.5) a good introduction to basic math concepts: association, addition and subtraction.One of the problems small children have is that they memorize numbers and can "count" but they don't associate the numbers with an actual quantity. This video uses small white mobile cubes called "quidgets" to teach them that numbers `correspond' to a certain number of objects.My kids are pretty engrossed by this video and I am overjoyed that I can now give my four-year-old simple hand problems and she can solve them.Video Outline:--Numbers are produced: "0 to 10".--Numbers are associated with corresponding numbers of quidgets, coins, fingers, etc. For example, no quidgets, then one quidget. The white box gets a number 1 which jumps onto it and stays. Two quidgets stack vertically... the number one jumps off and the 2 jumps on and so forth.--A song with 1 quidget, then 1 coin, then 1 finger and a 1 "digit" color worm... and so on until there are 10 quidgets, 10 coins, 10 fingers and a 10 segmented worm. The quidgets are piled vertically, and the worm grows horizontally until it is 10 units long: all numbers are shown in their worm segment.--Then to the circus.--Review of counting with quidgets stacking vertically.--Using a high wire act with two swings, the quidget's do addition and then subtraction.Two quidgets, for example, swing across and are joined by another quidget from the other swing. The numbers 2 and 1 drop off and the number 3 sticks itself to the stack of three quidgets. The reverse is done for subtraction.--At the end, stacks of ten quidgets are flung into the ring until their are ten stacks of them demonstrating how we can go from 10 to 100 by ten's.
58 of 58 people found the following review helpfulOutstanding Beginning Math Video
I am an elementary school teacher, previously an early childhood teacher. For the last 3 years I have been teaching 3rd grade math. One of the biggest problems with children, even in the third grade, is a poor understanding of numbers, what they represent and what basic operations actually do. Mental math is at an all time low. When they reach my class, many children are behind and struggle to catch up. Having a strong foundation in number sense is imperative for future success in mathematics. This video helps young children understand what exactly a number stands for and what is happening when numbers are added or subtracted. The video is 30 minutes long, it has catchy songs, and a story line most kids enjoy. Is it enough to teach a child everything they need to know about numbers? No. However, it helps a student understand these concepts much better, and helps build the foundation they need to succeed.This video is part of the LeapFrog DVD series, which are the best products LeapFrog has ever released. Other highly recommended videos in the series are the first three phonics videos:The Letter Factory teaches children the names and sounds of all the letters in the alphabet. The vowels are only given their short sounds at this point, but that is ok for this level of learning.The Talking Words Factory teaches children how to put letters and their sounds together to make simple words, mostly with the consonant-vowel-consonant pattern and a few consonant blends.The Word Caper movie goes on to introduce silent E, long vowel sounds, and vowel-vowel combinations.This video series is highly recommended.PS REMEMBER - Look at the title of the movies before purchasing.Read more ›
109 of 118 people found the following review helpfulThey have certainly got some explaining to do
HALL OF FAMETOP 1000 REVIEWERVINE VOICE on May 3, 2006Format: DVD
Parents and children who loved the other Leap Frog DVDs about letters, words and reading will find this one disappointing.Advertised as beginning math, this one is mixed up in its focus, spending quite a bit of time on recognizing the numbers from 0 to 10 (especially zero) and relating them to “quidgets”, then quickly jumping to addition and subtraction without sufficient explanation or introduction of the concepts. Starting with simple counting, by the end of the 35 minutes, they’re showing us ten times tables up to one hundred.Very young children will probably like the repetitive cowboy “numbers” song, and may even stick around for the “circus” acts and accompanying slapstick routines, but the concepts advance too quickly for this age group. Kids who already know their numbers won’t learn anything new from the beginning of the presentation, but then again, they probably won’t learn anything from the rest of it either.Clearly one should not expect kids to learn math in 35 minutes, which makes you wonder what they were thinking when they made this one. A more sensible approach would be to have different DVDs for each level, as they did in the reading series, so that they could spend more time going into the nitty-gritty, and making it fun.This one is a rush job, and was not properly thought out for the intended audience. Definitely not a tool you should count on to introduce your kids to math.Amanda Richards, May 4, 2006
always like leapfrog dvd. this one is good also for skip counting. highly recommended.
Published 11 days ago by Sasha M.
Makes learning fun for kids. I use it when I babysit. The kids want to keep it and watch it time and time again
After viewing The Letter Factory on Youtube, I decided it was not for my two-year-old. I did look at the other Leap Frog movies the Math Circus, and Talking Word Factory dvd's, and...
this is a great way to introduce numbers to kids. it is very fun and absorbing. very good for 2 year olds.
These DVD's are nice for the car. They make having a "tv" in the car, tolerable; plus your little one is learning without knowing it.
Published 2 months ago by Tonia Brock
My son loves all of the leapfrog videos. Very educational and keeps his attention. He is now 5 and still watches this sometimes.
I purchased this for my preschool classroom. The children enjoyed watching it. I do not know if they learned from it.
Published 4 months ago by Carolyn Dunn
Who doesn't love the circus? Perfect for adding in math for fun and excitement. So happy with my purchase of this.
As a teacher, I always look for materials that help my students learn the skills they need to succeed.
Published 4 months ago by Felix A.Rodriguez
Great video for teaching kids basic math.
I bought this for my son who is in Kindergarten. It helped him get on track for basic math. Awesome video!!!!He loves watching it over and over again.
LeapFrog: Word Caper 4.8 out of 5 stars (145)
LeapFrog: Numbers Ahoy 4.3 out of 5 stars (92)
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Brazilian Wax for men and women - Skin Addict | Groupon
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- Ranking the Top 25 Big 12 players: No. 3
Ranking the Top 25 Big 12 players: No. 3
No. 3: Brandon Weeden, QB, Oklahoma State 2010 numbers: Completed 342 of 511 passes (66.9 percent) for 4,277 yards, 34 touchdowns and 13 interceptions.
Most recent ranking: Weeden was ranked No. 10 in our postseason list of the Big 12's top 25 players.
Making the case for Weeden: It was pretty clear Weeden had some potential heading into his first year as the Cowboys' starter, but almost no one outside Stillwater thought Weeden could reach the level of production he did. He figured out very, very early that Justin Blackmon would be his best target, hitting the receiver for eight touchdown catches in the Cowboys' first three games.
The Cowboys 6-foot-4, 225-pound quarterback has a huge arm and is one of the league's most accurate passers. He also spread it around in an offense that ranked third nationally behind Oregon and Boise State. That's good company.
Four receivers had at least 37 catches and 10 (!) receivers had at least 10 catches last season. Weeden has plenty of targets back, including Blackmon. Look for him to do much of the same in 2011, even with a new offensive coordinator. Play calling is important. Accuracy and decision-making from the quarterback is much more important. We know Weeden has both.
The rest of the list: No. 4: Landry Jones, QB, Oklahoma
No. 5: Robert Griffin III, QB, Baylor No. 6:�Levy Adcock, RT, Oklahoma State

value: ESPN (originally an initialism for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network) is an American multinational basic cable sports channel owned by ESPN Inc., owned jointly by The Walt Disney Company (80%) and Hearst Communications (20%). The company was founded in 1979 by Bill Rasmussen along with his son Scott Rasmussen and Ed Egan.


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BBC Four - Roots, Reggae, Rebellion
In this documentary, Akala sets out to find out more about the music that has had such an impact on his life. He begins by exploring the music's origins in Jamaica, where it offered hope to ordinary people at a time when poverty, political violence and turmoil were ravaging the island. Artists like Bob Marley, Big Youth and Burning Spear began to write about suffering and salvation through Rastafari in their songs. Akala unpicks how all of this evolved.
Sun 30 Sep 2018 00:40
"In the 1970’s the world became alive to the sounds of roots reggae."
Trailer: Roots, Reggae, Rebellion
See all clips from Roots, Reggae, Rebellion (2)
King Tubby & Carlton Patterson
Dash Of The Sunshine (feat. The Skatalites)
Remix Artist: Shy FX.
Presenter Akala
Writer Akala
Writer James Hale
Production Company Lazerbeam
Sat 12 Nov 2016 01:25
Reggae Hits & Heroes
A special collection of programmes celebrating reggae music.

value: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the national broadcaster of the United Kingdom. Headquartered at Broadcasting House in  London, it is the world's oldest national broadcaster, and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, employing over 22,000 staff in total, of whom approximately 19,000 are in public-sector broadcasting.