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Canon 5d Mark III: how to switch off the silent shooting mode in the Live View mode? - Photography Stack Exchange
The problem appeared after the multi-exposure mode was used on the camera (Mark III). At this moment only the silent shooting modes are applied in the Live View mode (i.e. I don't get the "clack clack clack" of the mirror in between shots as it was before; the menu choices (silent/regular) does not affect the shooting modes used by the camera). When the shooting via the viewfinder is applied I can choose between the silent (s) and regular shooting modes, and the camera shoots in accordance with the choosing mode. Thanks.
In live view mode, the mirror is always up - that's how you get the live view, as the image is sent straight from the sensor to the screen. I've shot with live view on a 5D Mark 2 and Mark 3 for years and it's always been quiet, as both the shutter and mirror are open the whole time. – NickM Feb 7 '15 at 21:38
If you were getting mirror movement when using Live view, it is because you had selected the Quick Mode AF which uses the camera's Phase detection AF (normally used when shooting with the viewfinder) instead of the Live Mode or Face detection Live Mode which use the camera's sensor based Contrast Detection AF.
For instructions in how to select a focus mode in Live View, see page 209 of your EOS 5D Mark III Instruction Manual. For how to shoot using the Quick Mode, see page 214.
answered Feb 9 '15 at 2:03
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American River Cafe, Stateline - Restaurant Reviews, Phone Number & Photos - TripAdvisor
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United States›Nevada (NV)›Lake Tahoe (Nevada)›Stateline›Stateline Restaurants› American River Cafe
224 Reviews #18 of 37 Restaurants in Stateline ££ - £££
Also show MapSatellite Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info. Reset zoom Updating Map... Return to Map Get directions 15 Highway 50, Stateline, NV 89449-9818 +1 775-588-6611
Stateline, Lake Tahoe (Nevada) More The Lodge at Kingsbury Crossing
reviews Clear all Start your review of American River Cafe Click to rate
17 helpful votes “Generous portions”
My wife and I ate here for a late lunch or early dinner. She had a cheese burger and I had vegetable fettuccine. The portions are huge and generous. I was pleasantly surprised at the number of artichoke hearts my dish had. The restaurant has a tropical feel and decor. The service was good and the prices are what you...
More Helpful? Thank rowtreeman Report Wes S
If you are staying at the Harvey's or Harrah's this is probably the best place to get breakfast. They open up at 6:30am, I am use to having breakfast before 8 or 9 and beats having Starbucks for breakfast.
Helpful? Thank Wes S Report Lien H
8 helpful votes “Your average cafe”
I came here twice since it was convenient and located in the hotel I was staying. Service was okay. Both times our servers came to take our order, deliver our food, and deliver our checks. Anything in between we had to flag them down as they didn't come back to check on us.
I ordered the breakfast with eggs, bacon,...
Thank Lien H Report Cloria M
Best breakfast i had in 5 days. Good service and spacious, didn,t have a long wait before being seated.
Helpful? Thank Cloria M Report 868chadj
Level Contributor 5 reviews “Birthday weekend ”
Wife and I and other couple had breakfast there. Staff was friendly and fun. They had great recommendations on breakfast. The scenery was cozy as we sat next to waterfall. Overall good food good people good setting.
Helpful? Thank 868chadj Report P2202NJjohnf
2 helpful votes “Great Cafe”
A great cafe with many menu options. We visited this cafe twice while staying at Harrahs. Both times we were amazed at the generous portions and quality of the food. You won't leave hungry. The open face turkey sandwich was excellent. The wings were a little too saucy but very meaty. The chicken fried steak was excellent. All were hearty...
More Helpful? Thank P2202NJjohnf Report David S
22 helpful votes “Service greatly improved”
We have eaten here in the past and the service was slow in getting you seated, and also slow in serving you. This time we were seated immediately and the waitress was friendly and efficient.
Helpful? Thank David S Report Gelliott415
Level Contributor 168 reviews 120 restaurant reviews
35 helpful votes “Not bad cafe food!”
She had a nice Cobb salad, and I had a nice club sando for lunch. All was pretty darn good. Not fine dining but decent for a lunch that's for sure.
Helpful? Thank Gelliott415 Report rocklvr03
208 helpful votes “Cute place with reasonably priced meals.”
We enjoyed dinner here. The restaurant decor fits work,with Lake Tahoe. The wait staff was attentive and professional. Our meal was served within a reasonable amount of time. It was well prepared and plated.
The menu was simple and had something for everyone.
The marinara sauce for the fried Calamari was exceptional. I should have purchased a quart to go.
Helpful? Thank rocklvr03 Report PescadoYSol
1 helpful vote “Breakfast morning!”
My friend and I went into the restaurant for breakfast. There was a brief wait, but not long. We ordered Bloody Mary's which were, unfortunately, served with the meal rather than before hand. The waitress commented that she couldn't find the bartender so made them herself.
Helpful? Thank PescadoYSol Report Previous
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Seating, Waitstaff, Parking Available, Highchairs Available, Wheelchair Accessible, Serves Alcohol, Takeout, Reservations
15 Highway 50, Stateline, NV 89449-9818 Location:
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Posting guidelines Get notified about new answers to your questions. Ask Typical questions asked: Do you have gluten-free options? Is there a dress code? Do you allow dogs on the outdoor patio? Near American River Cafe Top-rated Attractions Nearby 494 Reviews Harveys Casino
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name: ATG TEST SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG, GERMANYFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ATG TEST SYSTEMS GMBH;REEL/FRAME:016164/0393Effective date: 19990907Owner name: ATG TEST SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG REICHOLZHELM, ZUM SFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ATG TEST SYSTEMS GMBH /AR;REEL/FRAME:016164/0393Owner name: ATG TEST SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG REICHOLZHELM, ZUM SFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ATG TEST SYSTEMS GMBH /AR;REEL/FRAME:016164/0393Effective date: 19990907Oct 1, 2004FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Sep 25, 2000FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 28, 1999ASAssignmentOwner name: ATG TEST SYSTEMS GMBH, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ATG ELECTRONIC GMBH;REEL/FRAME:010121/0317Effective date: 19990715Oct 25, 1991ASAssignmentOwner name: ATG ELECTRONIC GMBH, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:ARNAUDOV, KONSTANTIN;PROKOPP, MANFRED;REEL/FRAME:006418/0758Effective date: 19911011RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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Patent US4870532 - Electric circuit for operating trip circuit of a circuit breaker - Google Patents
An organo-platinum complex of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y have the same meaning of a halogen, oxyanion or carboxylate, respectively or X is an oxyanion or dicarboxylate together with Y, and L1 and L2 are bonded together to form one of silicon containing diamine compounds selected from the group...http://www.google.com/patents/US4870532?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4870532 - Electric circuit for operating trip circuit of a circuit breaker
Publication number US4870532 A
Application number US 07/236,099
Filing date Aug 24, 1988
Priority date Aug 24, 1988
Publication number 07236099, 236099, US 4870532 A, US 4870532A, US-A-4870532, US4870532 A, US4870532A
Inventors William E. Beatty, Jr., Alan B. Shimp
Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (26), Classifications (17), Legal Events (5)
Electric circuit for operating trip circuit of a circuit breaker
US 4870532 A
An organo-platinum complex of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y have the same meaning of a halogen, oxyanion or carboxylate, respectively or X is an oxyanion or dicarboxylate together with Y, and L1 and L2 are bonded together to form one of silicon containing diamine compounds selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## in which R1, R2 and R3 are a lower alkyl or phenyl, respectively, and n is an integer of 0 or 1,
and use of the complex for an anti-tumor composition.
1. An electric circuit powered by means generating an input current proportional to current flowing in an electrical conductor and adapted to generate a selectively adjustable sensing voltage signal from said input current for use by a trip circuit of a circuit breaker connected to open circuit the electrical conductor in response to an overcurrent therein, said electric circuit comprising:
first and second terminals to which said input current is applied;
a reference resistor connected to the first terminal;
active variable impedance means connected to the second terminal and in series with the reference resistor at a series connection, said active variable impedance means also having connections to said first and second terminals for energization by said input current; and
control means connected across said first and second terminals having an impedance at least several times higher than that of the series connected reference resistor and active variable impedance means for selectively controlling the impedance of the active variable impedance means to thereby selectively adjust the voltage across said first and second terminals produced by the input current.
2. The electric circuit of claim 1 wherein said active variable impedance means comprises:
a high gain transistor amplifier connected to control current flow between said second terminal and the series connection with said reference resistor;
an operational amplifier with its output connected to control said high gain transistor amplifier; and
a feedback connection connecting said series connection between said transistor and said reference resistor to the non-inverting input of said operational amplifier.
3. The electric circuit of claim 2 wherein said control means comprises:
diode means connected to said second terminal having a forward voltage drop comparable to a forward drop across the high gain transistor amplifier when fully turned on, and
reference voltage selection means in series with said diode means and the first terminal generating a selected reference voltage, and
means applying the selected reference voltage to the inverting input of said operational amplifier.
4. The electric circuit of claim 3 wherein said reference voltage selection means comprises:
potentiometer means connected between the diode means and the first terminal and with a wiper on said potentiometer generating said reference voltage.
5. The electric circuit of claim 4 including first and second fixed resistors shunting the potentiometer and providing a modified reference voltage to the inverting input of the operational amplifier to protect against an open circuit of the wiper.
6. The electric circuit of claim 3 wherein said reference voltage selection means comprises a zener diode and a resistor means connected between said diode means and the first terminal to generate a reference voltage which changes value when the voltage developed across the reference resistor exceeds the breakover voltage of the zener diode.
7. The electric circuit of claim 3 wherein said means generating said input current is current transformer means which saturates at high currents in said electrical conductor and wherein said reference voltage selection circuit comprises a voltage divider connected to the diode means to generate said reference voltage and a first zener diode connected between the voltage divider and said first terminal, said first zener diode having a breakover voltage which is reached when said current transformer means saturates, and said voltage divider being selected to generate a reference voltage which is adjusted by current passed by the zener diode to compensate for saturation of the current transformer.
8. The electric circuit of claim 7 wherein said reference voltage selection means further includes a second zener diode and an additional resistor in parallel with said first zener diode, said second zener diode having a lower breakover voltage than the first zener diode and being selected together with said additional resistor to provide an intermediate level of compensation as said current transformer means begins to saturate.
9. The electric circuit of claim 7 including a buffer stage, a potentiometer having a wiper, means connecting one end of the potentiometer to the diode means, means connecting the other end of the potentiometer to the first terminal, and means connecting said buffer stage between the wiper and the voltage divider.
10. The electric circuit of claim 3 including a series connected zener diode and test resistor in parallel with said reference voltage selection means between said diode means and first terminal, and a switch selectively applying the voltage across the test resistor to the inverting input of said operational amplifier, said test resistor and zener diode being selected to generate a reference voltage which results in a voltage across said first and second terminals which represents a preselected overcurrent condition in said electrical conductor.
11. The electric circuit of claim 10 wherein said reference voltage selection means comprises a potentiometer connected between the diode means and the first terminal and with a wiper on said potentiometer generating said reference voltage.
12. The electric circuit of claim 10 including indicator means connected between said first and second terminals to provide an indication of when said input current is large enough that the voltage across said test resistor is large enough to generate a voltage across the first and second terminals representative of the selected overcurrent condition when said switch is selected to apply the voltage across said test resistor to the inverting input of the operational amplifier.
13. The electric circuit of claim 12 wherein said indicator means includes an indicator device connected to the first and second terminals, an electronic switch shunting said indicator device to energize said indicator device when the electronic switch is off and to short circuit said indicator device when the electronic switch is on, and current detecting means responsive to the current through said reference resistor for selectively turning said electronic switch off and on.
14. The electric circuit of claim 13 wherein said current detecting means includes an additional operational amplifier having an output connected to control said electronic switch, means applying the voltage across said reference resistor to the inverting input of said additional operational amplifier, and means applying a constant set point voltage to the non-inverting input of said additional operational amplifier.
15. The electric circuit of claim 14 wherein said means applying a constant set point voltage to the noninverting input of the additional operational amplifier comprises a transistor connected as a voltage follower across said diode means to generate a constant current and a set point resistor through which the constant current flows to generate the constant set point voltage.
16. The electric circuit of claim 15 wherein said indicator device is a light emitting diode.
17. The electric circuit of claim 2 wherein said operational amplifier is energized by said input current through a current limiting resistor connected to one of said terminals, and a current controlling zener diode connected in parallel with positive and negative power inputs to the operational amplifier between the current limiting resistor and the other terminal.
18. The electric circuit of claim 2 wherein said high gain transistor amplifier is a Darlington Transistor.
19. The electric circuit of claim 3 including means connected between said first and second terminals providing an overcurrent indication when the input current represents an overcurrent condition based upon a circuit breaker rating determined by the references voltage selection means and the reference resistor.
20. The electric circuit of claim 19 wherein said overcurrent indication means comprises another operational amplifier, an overcurrent indicator device connected between the output of said another operational amplifier and said first terminal, an additional voltage divider connected across said first and second terminals and generating a proportional voltage proportional to the voltage across the first and second terminals, means applying said proportional voltage to the inverting input of said another operational amplifier and means connected between said diode means and said reference voltage selection means to apply the voltage applied to said reference voltage selection means to the non-inverting input of said another operational amplifier, said additional voltage divider being selected to generate a proportional voltage which exceeds the voltage applied to the reference voltage selection means and turns on said over current indicator device when said input current reaches a rated value for the circuit breaker set by the reference voltage selection means and said reference resistor.
This invention relates to an electric circuit, which may be incorporated in a removable plug, for converting a signal proportional to the current in an electrical conductor to a voltage signal for use in operating the trip circuit of a circuit breaker which opens the circuit of the electrical conductor in response to an overcurrent condition. In particular, it is related to such a circuit which incorporates active electronic components powered by a signal proportional to current and which can be used to adjust the rating of the circuit breaker, to compensate for non-linearities in the transformer which generate the signal proportional to current and/or to test the circuit breaker. It can also provide an indication of an overcurrent condition prior to tripping of the breaker and an indication of sufficient current to perform the test.
In some types of circuit breakers, the operating point at which the breaker trips is set by a replaceable rating plug containing resistance which is inserted into a solid state trip circuit in the circuit breaker. The trip circuit in turn controls the tripping of the breaker. The secondary current from current transformers in the breaker flows through the rating plug and the voltage across the rating plug is therefor proportional to the product of the breaker current and the rating plug resistance. If the resistance in the rating plug is made greater, the required current to produce a given voltage across the rating plug is decreased and vice versa. Because the trip circuit "sees" the rating plug voltage as a measure of the breaker current, changing the rating plug resistance effectively changes the current rating of the breaker.
A problem often arises in such circuit breakers because, at very high currents, the current transformers supplying the rating plug saturate and become non-linear. The reason for this non-linearity is the small space available inside a circuit breaker to fit current transformers. This limit on available space forces the amount of copper and iron in the transformer to be minimized, resulting in saturation at high currents and therefore, the secondary current is less than proportional to the breaker current. The result is that at high currents, the rating plug voltage is less than proportional to the breaker current. This is an undesirable situation because a greater than normal current is required to trip the breaker. A means of compensating for current transformer non-linearity would be desirable.
Some rating plugs provide an adjustable rating for the circuit breaker. One type of such rating plugs contains a relatively high power rheostat in series with a fixed resistor so that the rating plug resistance can be continuously varied over a range of values. The problem with this type of adjustable rating plug is that the high power rheostats are large and potentially unreliable. An adjustable rating plug not requiring the use of a high power rheostat would be desirable.
Another type of adjustable rating plug utilizes a number of series connected resistors and a switch for selectively inserting a desired amount of resistance into the circuit. This arrangement eliminates the bulky potentiometer but stills dissipates a large amount of power and does not provide for continuous or fine adjustments of the rating setting. Thus it would be desirable to have a rating plug which would offer the continuous adjustment of the potentiometer but without the bulk and high power consumption.
The above discussed circuit breakers with solid state trip units have been tested by supplying the trip circuit with a relatively low current from an external test source. The output from the test source simulates an overcurrent condition in the breaker causing it to trip with the appropriate delay. The problem with using a separate test source is that since its output simulates an overload condition, it is also large enough to damage delicate solid state circuitry if it persists for a sufficient length of time. When a trip occurs due to an actual overcurrent flowing through the breaker, the current supplied to the solid state trip circuitry ceases when the breaker trips and, therefore, the trip circuit is automatically protected. In a simulated overcurrent condition, using an external test source, however, the current supplied to the solid state trip circuitry is not automatically interrupted when the breaker trips. If the external test source is accidentally left on for an extended time, damage can occur to the trip circuit.
Such a test unit powered by an external source is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,852,660 and 3,924,160. This test unit selectively generates a lower current test signal for verifying the delayed trip, and a high level current signal which tests the instantaneous trip feature. To avoid the prolonged application of the high level signal, a timer circuit disconnects the high level signal after a predetermined interval. However, this can produce a large pulse which can be a problem. There remains therefore a need for means for testing circuit breakers which does not require separate source and which would eliminate the possibility of trip unit damage.
In some circuit breakers in which the trip circuit is powered by the current flowing through the breaker, the breaker must be carrying at least about half rated power in order for the trip circuit to operate. There is a need therefore for an indication that sufficient current is flowing through such a breaker in order to perform a test.
It is also known to provide a means indicating that a circuit breaker is experiencing an overload. However, this feature adds cost to and complication to the trip unit and may not be required or needed by all users. A simple way to add this feature to the trip unit after it is manufactured or as an option feature would be desirable.
These and other needs are satisfied by the invention which is directed to an electric circuit for generating an adjustable sensing voltage signal for the trip circuit of a circuit breaker from the input current signal provided by the circuit breaker current transformers. The circuit includes an active variable impedance connected in series with a reference resistor between two terminals which serve as the input to the trip circuit. The active variable impedance is energized by the input current, and thus, no external source is required. Control means connected across the two terminals selectively control the impedance of the active variable impedance device to adjust the voltage across the two terminals produced by the input current. This voltage can be adjusted through various features of the invention to provide continuous adjustment of the rating of the circuit breaker over a selected range, to provide compensation for non-linearity in the current transformers which generate the input current, and to test the circuit breaker without disconnecting it.
Preferably, the active variable impedance comprises a high gain transistor amplifier, such as a Darlington transistor, controlled by an operational amplifier. The control means includes a pair of diodes in series with a reference voltage selection circuit across the two terminals. The forward drop across the two diodes is comparable to the drop across the Darlington transistor when fully turned on. The reference voltage selection means applies a reference voltage to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier controlling the high gain amplifier. A feedback connection applies the voltage between the Darlington transistor and the reference resistor to the inverting input of the operational amplifier so that the output of the amplifier, and therefore the variable impedance in series with the reference resistor, varies with the reference voltage selected.
A potentiometer, preferably with protection for failure of the potentiometer in the open condition, may be used to adjust the reference voltage, thereby providing continuous adjustment of the circuit breaker rating over a wide range.
As another feature of the invention, one or more zener diodes can be used with a voltage divider to provide a voltage versus input current characteristic which compensates for non-linearities caused by saturation of the current transformers generating the references current.
In a preferred form of the invention, these two features, continuous adjustment of the circuit breaker rating and compensation for non-linearities of the current transformers, are combined.
Another feature of the invention includes a test switch which when actuated inserts a zener diode and resistor into the reference voltage selection circuit to substantially lower the reference voltage thereby turning down the output of the high gain amplifier and substantially raising the voltage across the terminals to simulate a fault current for testing the circuit breaker. Since the trip circuit is powered by the input current which must be about half the rated current of the breaker to operate the trip mechanism, an indicator device, such as an LED, powered by another operational amplifier which compares the voltage across the reference resistor to a reference voltage generated from the forward drop across the diodes, can be provided with the test feature.
In addition, an indicator such as another LED or another type of alarm can be provided to indicate an overcurrent condition.
FIG. 1 is a electric circuit diagram partly schematic and partly in block diagram form of a circuit breaker incorporating the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of one embodiment of the invention providing compensation for saturation of the input current transformers.
FIG. 3 is a plot of input current versus output voltage for the circuit of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a plot of an input current versus output voltage characteristic for a modification to the circuit of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention generating the current versus voltage characteristic of an embodiment depicted in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of another embodiment of the invention providing an adjustable rating for a circuit breaker.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention incorporating the features of the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 6.
Fig. 8 is still another embodiment of the invention providing an indication of an overcurrent condition.
FIG. 9 is a plot of the selected voltages in the circuit of FIG. 8 versus current.
FIG. 10 is an additional embodiment of the invention incorporating a test feature.
Fig. 11 is a modified form of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 10 providing an indication of sufficient current to perform a test.
FIG. 12 is a front elevation view of a molded case circuit breaker in which the electric circuit of the invention is incorporated in a removable rating plug.
FIG. 13 is an enlarged front elevation view of a rating plug incorporating features of the invention and is shown in FIG. 12 installed in a circuit breaker.
FIG. 1 discloses a circuit diagram, partly schematic and partly in block diagram form, of a circuit breaker 1 which includes a trip mechanism 3 having at least one pair of separable main contacts which are adapted to open and close to protect an electrical conductor. Conductors 5, 7 and 9 are examples of such a conductor. The trip mechanism 3 includes opening means operable to actuate the contacts to the open position. The opening means includes a trip coil 11 having a movable plunger attached to a linkage 13 which is connected to and moves the separable main contacts 15, 17 and 19 on the lines 5, 7 and 9 respectively. These lines may be connected at terminals 21 and 23 to the electrical conductors of a three-phase electrical system in which are flowing currents I1, I2 and I3 respectively.
Interconnected with the trip coil 11 is a trip circuit, generally designated 25 in FIG. 1. Any trip circuit may be used provided it can actuate the trip coil 11, and may be energized by means which will be described. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the trip circuit 25 is a known solid state trip circuit which may include an instantaneous trip and a delayed trip feature.
The currents in lines 5, 7 and 9 are monitored by current monitors such as the current transformers 27, 29 and 31, respectively. The outputs of the current transformers 27, 29 and 31 are applied to fullwave bridge rectifiers 33, 35 and 37 respectively. The outputs of the fullwave bridge circuits 33, 35 and 37 are connected in series to a pair of terminals 39 and 41. The bridge circuits 33, 35 and 37 provide an input current Ip which is representative of the largest of the three currents flowing in the lines 5, 7 and 9 as is known in the art.
Terminals 39 and 41 are connected to the inputs to the trip circuit 25 and to the inputs of an electric circuit 43 which is the subject of this invention. In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the electrical circuit 43 is in the form of a rating plug which, as will be discussed more thoroughly below, may be removably inserted into the housing of a circuit breaker. The circuit 43 converts the current produced by the rectifier bridge circuit into an adjustable voltage which is seen by the trip circuit 25 as representative of the current flowing in the electric system. As will be seen, circuit 43 is capable of adjusting the voltage produced by a given current delivered to the terminals 39 and 41 in order to vary the rating of the circuit breaker 1. Circuit 43 may also be used to compensate for non-linearities created by saturation of current transformers 27, 29 and 31 in the circuit breaker. It also provides a self-energized test circuit for the circuit breaker and can provide indications of sufficient power available to perform the test and indications of overload current.
FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of the invention which compensates for saturation of the current transformers in the circuit breaker. The circuit 43a includes a reference resistor R1 connected to the first terminal 39 and an active variable impedance means 45 connected to the second terminal 41. In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the active variable impedance means includes a high gain transistor amplifier, such as the Darlington transistor Q1 which is connected through series connection 47 with the reference resistor R1 between the terminals 39 and 41. The active variable impedance means 45 also includes an operational amplifier 49. The operational amplifier 49 is of a type which can operate from a single ended power supply such as, for example, an LM 158, 258 or 358. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the operational amplifier 49 is powered through leads 51 and 53 connected to the terminals 39 and 41. Thus, the operational amplifier is powered by circuit breaker current and no additional source is required. The active variable impedance means is controlled by a control circuit 55. The control circuit includes a pair of diodes D1 and D2, and reference voltage selection means 57 in the form of a voltage divider 59 comprising resistors R2 and R3, and a zener diode ZD1 all connected in series between the terminals 39 and 41. A lead 61 connects the tap point 63 of the voltage divider 59 to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 49. A lead 65 applies the voltage at the series connection 47 between Q1 and R1 to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 49. The output of the operational amplifier 49 drives the Darlington transistor Q1 through bias resistor R4.
The operation of the circuit 43a of FIG. 2 is as follows. The output of the operational amplifier 49 is regulated to adjust the gain of the transistor amplifier Q1 to make the voltage at the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier equal to the voltage at its inverting input. Thus, the voltage at the series connection 47 is made equal to the voltage at the tap point 63 of the voltage divider 59. If the current Ip is low, the zener diode ZD1 does not conduct. Due to the high input impedance of the operational amplifier 49, there is very little current through the resistor R2, and thus the voltage applied to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 49 is essentially equal to the forward drop Vd across the diodes D1 and D2. The voltage Vp generated by the circuit 43a across the terminals 39, 41 is equal to the voltage drop across the reference resistor R1 and the drop created by the variable impedance of the transistor Q1 and may be expressed as follows:
V.sub.p =I.sub.p ×R.sub.1 +V.sub.d                   (Eq. 1)
Except for the term Vd, the voltage Vp across the terminals 39 and 41 is exactly the same as with the common fixed resistor rating plug. Fixed voltage Vd can easily be compensated for in the trip circuitry 25.
If the current through the circuit 43a is increased, a value of current, I1, is reached where:
I.sub.p ×R.sub.1 =I.sub.1 R.sub.1 =V.sub.z           (Eq. 2)
Where Vz is the breakover voltage of the zener diode ZD1. If the current through the circuit 43a is increased further to a still higher value, I2, then current begins to flow through the zener diode ZD1 resulting in a voltage drop in the voltage divider 59 made up of resistors R2 and R3. Under these conditions, where Ip is equal to I2 : ##EQU1## The first term of equation 3 is the voltage drop across the reference resistor R1, the second term is the voltage drop across the resistor R2 and the third term is the drop across the diodes D1 and D2.
The result is that the voltage across the terminals 39, 41 increases at a greater rate than the input current Ip, as shown in FIG. 3. As will be noted by the trace 67 in FIG. 3, Vp increases linearly from Vd to Vd plus the zener voltage Vz. For input currents above I1, the voltage Vp increases linearly at a greater rate. Without the zener diode ZD1, the voltage across the terminals 39, 41, would continue to increase linearly as shown by the dotted line extension 67'.
The advantage of the circuit of FIG. 2 is that by proper choice of the values of Vz, R2 and R3 the voltage across terminals 39, 41 can be made to compensate for current transformer non-linearity. This occurs because, while at high currents the ratio of current transformer output to primary current falls off, the ratio of the voltage across terminals 39, 41 to the input current, Ip, increases at an offsetting rate.
As an additional improvement to the circuit of FIG. 2, compensation can be provided for changes in ambient temperature. The current transformer non-linearity is caused primarily by the increase with temperature in the resistance of the copper wire in the secondary winding. By making resistor R2 from copper wire, or another temperature sensitive material, the Vp versus Ip curve for the circuit of FIG. 2 can be made to compensate for the change in transformer non-linearity with temperature.
Further refinements to this concept are possible by adding two or more break points to the Vp versus Ip characteristic. A typical curve 69 is shown in FIG. 4 and circuit 43b suitable for implementing this feature of the invention is shown in FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, components identical to those in FIG. 2 are identified by the same reference character. An additional resistor, R5, in series with zener diode ZD1, and an additional zener diode ZD2 are added to the reference voltage selection circuit 57'. With this arrangement, the Vp versus Ip trace 69' breaks upward at I1 when ZD1 begins to conduct. The slope of the trace 69' is altered by the resistor R5 which is in series with R2 and R3. Above I2 when the breakover voltage of zener ZD2 is reached across the resistor R5 and ZD1, ZD2 conducts increasing the slope of the trace 69" as shown. It can be appreciated that additional zener diodes and resistors can be added to the circuit of FIG. 5 to approximate other non-linear Vp versus Ip characteristics.
FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the invention. Again components in the circuit 43c which are the same as in FIGS. 2 and 5 are given like reference characters. In this embodiment, the reference voltage generator 57 of the control circuit 55 comprises a potentiometer 71 having a wiper 73 which divides the resistive element into resistances R6 and R7. A resistor R8 is connected in series with the potentiometer between the diodes D1 and D2 and the first terminal 39. Fixed resistors R9 and R10 shunt the variable resistances R6 and R7 of the potentiometer 71. These fixed resistors serve dual purposes. First, they increase reliability because they enable the circuit 43c to continue to function even though the potentiometer 71 should fail open. Second, by proper choice of the values of R8, R9 and R10, the circuit 43c rated current value versus angle of mechanical rotation of the wiper 73 can be made more linear than it would be without them. This is desirable for making accurate settings of rated current.
For simplifying analysis of the circuit 43c of FIG. 6, the resistances R6 and R9 can be combined and called Rx. Similarly, the resistance R7, R8 and R10 can be lumped into the quantity Ry. Thus, in the circuit of FIG. 6, Vp is related to Ip by: ##EQU2## The values of Rx and Ry are determined by the setting small, low power potentiometer 71, and in effect, act as a multiplier for resistor R1. The result is a continuously adjustable rating circuit 43c which does not require the use of a large, high power rheostat. The effect of the fixed voltage Vd is exactly the same as in the previously described circuits.
The two concepts of the circuits of FIGS. 2 and 5 and of the circuit of FIG. 6 can be combined into one preferred embodiment as shown in FIG. 7. In this circuit 43d, a second operational amplifier 75 acts as a buffer to prevent loading of the potentiometer 71. Typically, the two operational amplifiers 49 and 75 can be part of the same integrated circuit. The purpose of zener diode ZD3 and resistor R11 is to limit the operational amplifier supply voltage to a safe value in case of high input currents. Alternatively, these components can be replaced by external means to limit either the current through or the voltage across the rating circuit. Although not shown for clarity, the zener diode ZD3 and resistor R11 also limit the supply voltage to operational amplifier 75.
A simple means of indicating that the circuit breaker 1 is experiencing an overload condition is provided in the embodiment of the invention disclosed in FIG. 8. This circuit 43e includes a light emitting diode LED1 which is controlled by an additional operational amplifier 77 through resistor R12. Again, the operational amplifiers 49 and 77 can be combined in a single integrated circuit with their supply voltages limited by zener diode ZD3 and resistor R11. The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 77 is connected by a lead 79 to the junction between the diode D2 and resistor R2. The inverting input of the operational amplifier 77 is connected by a lead 81 to a voltage divider 83 comprising resistors R13 and R14 connected across the terminals 39, 41.
In the circuit 43e of FIG. 8, Q1, R1 to R4, ZD1. D1, D2, operational amplifier 49, ZD3, and R11 perform the basic rating function with compensation for current transformer non-linearities described in connection with circuit 43a of FIG. 2. R12 to R14, operational amplifier 77 and LED1 perform the overload indication function. The indicating portion of circuit 43e works as follows. The voltage, V.sub.(+), at the non-inverting input of operational amplifier 77 is:
V.sub.(+) =V.sub.p -V.sub.d                                (Eq. 5)
The voltage, V.sub.(-), at the inverting input to operational amplifier 77 is: ##EQU3## The voltage Vp across the terminals 39, 41, is related to the current Ip through the circuit 43e as shown in FIG. 9. Also shown in FIG. 9 are the voltages V.sub.(+) and V.sub.(-) versus Ip. At low values of Ip, V.sub.(+) is less than V.sub.(-), the output of operational amplifier 77 is low and the light emitting diode, LED1, is off. At higher values of Ip, V.sub.(+) is greater than V.sub.(-), the output of operational amplifier 77 is high, and LED1 is on indicating the presence of an overload. By the proper choice of R13 and R14, the V.sub.(+) line can be made to cross the V.sub.(-) line exactly at the current Ip at which an overload commences. In other words, LED1 can be made to turn on for all values of breaker current greater than rated current. This occurs when: ##EQU4## Although the use of a light emitting diode is the preferred method of indicting an alarm, other devices could be used to perform the same function. For example, other types of lights, acoustical indicators, or mechanical types of indicators could be used in place of LED1. The overload indication is useful in cases of moderate overloads where there is a long delay, for instance 15 to 20 seconds or more, before the breaker trips. The overload indication gives an operator the option of taking action which may prevent the breaker from tripping.
Another modification of the invention is shown in FIG. 10. This version of the rating circuit 43 provides a self-test function for the breaker. This circuit 43f includes in addition to the potentiometer 71 for adjustably setting the current rating of the breaker, a resistor R15 connected in the lead 69 between the wiper 73 on the potentiometer and inverting input of the operational amplifier 49. It also includes a zener diode ZD4 and series resistor R16 shunting the potentiometer 75 and resistor R8 in series with the potentiometer. A test switch 85 selectively connects the connection between the zener diode ZD4 and resistor R16 to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 49.
Under normal conditions, the test switch 85 is not depressed, and the circuit of FIG. 10 operates in a manner similar to that of the circuit of FIG. 6. That is, adjustment of the position of the wiper 73 of the potentiometer 71, adjusts the current rating of the breaker. The voltage Vp is determined from equation 4 except that Rx and Ry do not include R9 and R10. Typically Vd is approximately 1.5 volts and R1 ×Ip ×the potentiometer multiplier is approximately two volts at rated breaker current. Under normal conditions, that is no overload, the breaker current is less than or equal to rated current and Vp is therefore between 1.5 and 3.5 volts. If the test switch 85 is depressed, the voltage at the inverting end of the operational amplifier 49 is decreased to a low value because of the R15, R16 voltage divider where R15 is much greater than R16. Since the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 49 now has a greater voltage than the inverting input, the output of the operational amplifier 49 increases cutting off the Darlington transistor Q1. Some of the current Ip that was previously flowing through the Darlington transistor Q1 now flows through ZD4 and R16 so that the non-inverting and inverting pins of the operational amplifier 49 again have equal voltages. At this point;
V.sub.p =I.sub.p ×R.sub.1 +V.sub.d +VZD4             (Eq. 8)
By proper choice of the breakover voltage of ZD4, Vp can be made equal to 13.5 to 15.5 volts with the test switch 85 depressed, which is a voltage equivalent to six to seven times rated breaker current. Under those conditions, the solid state trip circuit "sees" a six to seven times overload and causes a trip either with a long delay, with a short delay, or instantaneously. Note that, although the trip circuit "sees" an apparent six or seven times overload, the actual current flowing in the rating circuit 43f and solid state trip circuit during the test is an equivalent to less than full load current. This level of current does not have the potential to cause circuit damage. Also, since the rating circuit 43f is powered by current from the protected line, the test is automatically terminated when the breaker trips. Both of these factors prevent any possible trip circuit damage during testing.
It should be noted that the numerical values given in the above example are for the purposes of illustration only.
A limitation on the use of this test feature of the invention occurs on circuit breakers whose solid state trip units are powered solely by the current flowing through the breaker. For an actual trip test to be possible in such breakers, the breaker must be carrying sufficient load current, typically more than half of the frame rating, to be able to cause the shunt trip to operate.
Accordingly, FIG. 11 illustrates a preferred form of this embodiment of the invention which includes an LED in the circuit 43g which turns on whenever a preset value of current is flowing through a circuit breaker. This LED is used to indicate when it is possible to perform a test.
The indicator means in FIG. 11 includes light emitting diode LED 2 connected in series with a resistor R17 across the terminals 39, 41. An electronic switch in the form of transistor Q2 shunting LED 2 turns the light emitting diode on when the transistor Q2 is off and turns LED 2 off when the transistor Q2 is turned on. Transistor Q2 is controlled by a current detecting circuit which includes an operational amplifier 87 controlling transistor Q2 through base resistor R18. The operational amplifier 87 compares the voltage across the reference resistor R1 which is proportional to the current Ip, applied to its inverting input, with a constant voltage representing the current Ip necessary to perform the test applied to its non-inverting input. This constant voltage is generated across a resistor R19 by the collector current of a transistor Q3 connected as an emitter follower across the diodes D1 and D2. Since the voltage drop across the diodes is constant, Q3 supplies a constant current to the resistor R19. A resistor R20 in series with the emitter of transistor Q3 provides the proper bias for that transistor.
A typical test sequence using this embodiment of the invention would be as follows. Assume that the breaker has only one adjustment, for short delay pickup. First a check would be made that the breaker was carrying at least half of the rated frame current. This would be indicated by illumination of LED2. The existing setting of the short delay adjustment would then be noted. Next this adjustment would be set maximum. Typically eight to ten times rated breaker current. Then the test switch would be depressed and the breaker should trip on long delay and typically in five to fifteen seconds. Then the breaker would be reset and the short delay adjustment set at the minimum. Again, the test button would be depressed and the breaker should trip in a fraction of a second. The short delay adjustment would then be returned to its original setting, the breaker reset and normal operations allowed to continue.
The circuit of the invention may conveniently be incorporated in a removable rating plug which may easily be inserted into and withdrawn from a circuit breaker. FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrated this application of the invention. In FIG. 12, the circuit breaker 89 is, for example, of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,826,951. The circuit breaker is controlled manually by a handle 91 which protrudes through an opening in the front cover of the breaker. The breaker 89 also includes a removable insert 93 containing the electronics for the trip circuit of the breaker. This insert 93 includes a push button 95 by which the breaker can be manually tripped and a rheostat 97 through which the short delay of.the breaker may be adjusted in a known manner.
The insert 93 also includes a removable rating plug 99 containing a desired form of the circuit of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, the operating knob 101 of the potentiometer 71 for adjusting the rated current of the breaker protrudes through the front face of the rating plug 99. The test switch 85 is also mounted in the rating plug for access from the front of the breaker, as is the overload indicating LED1. Alternatively, or in addition, the test light, LED2, may be presented in the rating plug 99. Preferably, the rating plug is provided with an interlock as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,826,951 so that the breaker will not close without a rating plug in place. The rating plug 99 can be easily replaced to provide different combinations of the features made available by the invention.
It should be understood that other variations of basic circuitry illustrated are possible. By way of example, Darlington transistor Q1 can be replaced by a single transistor with high gain. Also operational amplifiers requiring dual voltage supply can be used if a separate negative voltage supply is provided.
It can appreciated from the above discussion and the drawings that the invention provides a simple means for compensating for non-linearities in the current transformers of circuit breakers. It also provides a means of continuously adjusting the circuit breaker rating without the use of a large, high powered, unreliable rheostat. The invention also provides for making an overload indicator part of a replaceable rating circuit. This has two main advantages. The basic trip circuit does not have to include or be capable of including an overload indicator. For this reason, it can be made simpler and at a lower cost than if an overload trip indicator were included. In addition, since the indicating function is contained in the rating plug which is easily replaced, the overload indicator can be added to a circuit breaker just before it is shipped to a customer, or can even be added after the breaker is in service. The invention further provides an integral self-powered means for testing a circuit breaker which can include means for indicating when sufficient current is available for testing a self-powered circuit breaker. Finally, any or all of the above features can be combined in a replaceable plug which can be installed in the circuit breaker.
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U.S. Classification 361/93.7, 324/424, 361/94
International Classification H02H3/04, H01H71/12, H01H71/74, H02H1/04, H02H3/08, H02H3/00
Cooperative Classification H02H3/044, H02H3/08, H02H1/046, H02H3/006, H01H71/7409, H01H71/126
European Classification H02H3/04C, H02H3/08
Aug 24, 1988 AS Assignment
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:BEATTY, WILLIAM E. JR.;SHIMP, ALAN B.;REEL/FRAME:004929/0337
Effective date: 19880720
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BEATTY, WILLIAM E. JR.;SHIMP, ALAN B.;REEL/FRAME:004929/0337
Sep 11, 1990 CC Certificate of correction
Nov 9, 1992 FPAY Fee payment
Feb 25, 1997 FPAY Fee payment


text:
Smiling while Stamping: 2 Challenge Cards!!
2 Challenge Cards!!
Hi everyone!! I have 2 challenge cards to share today!! My first card is for the featured stamper on Splitcoast. Annascreations is the featured stamper this week and I chose this card to case. I loved the layout, though it wasn't easy to choose, she has a beautiful gallery!! I decided to use my new stamps from Treehouse, Bag of Sugar and the sentiment Sweet as Sugar. I think they are such fun images!!!! I colored the image using my Prismacolor Pencils, Gamsol and Blending stumps. Initially I was going to use Kraft cardstock but I still had this Basic Grey paper sitting out from yesterday, and had put the image on top of it, just to keep it out of the way while cutting, etc and I thought the colors were so good together!! The image was cut using my rectangle Nestabilites and attached to a layer of Dark Chocolate. The Basic Grey paper is also attached to a layer of Dark Chocolate. I ran the sentiment layer through my Cuttlebug using my square Nestabilites. The ribbon is Dark Chocolate twill from Papertrey. The base card is Dark Chocolate and the layer above is Blush Blossom. I added my Espresso baubles at the bottom rather than on the dp like Anna did.
My next card is a double challenge card. For the High Hopes challenge this week it was to use flowers. And for the Paper Craft Planet day 10 challenge, it was to use a boy. I thought of this image from High Hopes, Sundays Best. The image qualifies for both challenges!!! I colored the image using my Prismacolor Pencils, Gamsol and blending stumps. On the flowers I added Flower Soft, LOVE this stuff!!! The middle of the flowers is black, the leaves are pale green and the flowers are ivory. I cut the image out using my rectangle Nestabilites and the image is on a layer of Dark Chocolate using my rectangle scallop Nestabilites. I ran a piece of Handsome Hunter through my Cuttlebug using my Stylized Flower embossing folder. This fun ribbon is from May Arts, love this ribbon!!! The base card is Dark Chocolate.
Thanks so much for stopping by today!!! Hope you have a great rest of the weekend!!!
Labels: cards, High Hopes Challenge, High Hopes Stamps, Paper Craft Planet, SCS, Treehouse Stamps
Denise (peanutbee) December 7, 2008 at 5:46 PM
Awesome cards, girl. I especially like the flower soft on the boy card. :)
Happylittlestamper December 8, 2008 at 5:03 AM
I love you creativity with the flowers. Terrific idea.
Jackie December 8, 2008 at 11:17 AM
Your cards are so cute Lori especially the High Hopes one! He's colored beautifully and love those flowers. Awesome work GF!!!
Michelle (sf9erfan) December 12, 2008 at 3:35 PM
Super cute cards! I love the dew drops on the first one and love the flowers on the second one!!

value: Blogger is an American online content management system (CMS) which enables multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003.


text:
Books Bücher 1 - 10 von 165 in Then went the jury out, whose names were, Mr Blind-man, Mr No-good, Mr Malice, Mr...
Then went the jury out, whose names were, Mr Blind-man, Mr No-good, Mr Malice, Mr Love-lust, Mr Live-loose, Mr Heady, Mr High-mind, Mr Enmity, Mr Liar, Mr Cruelty, Mr Hate-light, and Mr Implacable; who every one gave in his private verdict against him...
The Pilgrim's Progress - Seite 179
...™'lici, Mr. Love-luft- Mr. Live ktofe, Mr. their n^mei. |i«,ly, Mr. High-mind, Mr. Enmity, Mr. Lyar, Mr. Cruelty, Mr. Hate-light, and Mr. Implacable, who every one gave in his private verdift againll him amongE 3 themfelvesiNow, Faitjiful, play the man, fpeak for thy God, Fear not the...
...Mr. Lovf^ Mr. Lrvt~kofe> Mr. Namti ' Hrtefy, Mr. fiigh-mind, Mr. Enmity., Mr. jLjyrfr, Mr. Cr«%,. Mr. Hate-light , and Mr. Implacable ; who every one gave in his private Verdid: againft htm among themfelves, and afterwards unanimouily cOncludiad to bring him in Guiky before...
...man, Mr Iso good> Mr Malice, Mr Love-luft, Mr Live-loofe, Mr- Headv Mr High-mind, Mr Enmity, Mr Lyar, Mr Cruelty, Mr, Hate-light, and Mr Implacable; who every one gave in -his private verdicl ngainfr. him among themfelves, and afterwarcunaQirr.oufly concluded to bring him in guiir before...
...jury went out, whofe names were Mr. Blind-man, Mr. No-good, Mr. Malice, Mr Love-luft, Mr. Liveloofe, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. Enmity, Mr. Liar, Mr....Hate-light, and Mr. Implacable ; who every one gave in their private verdict againft him among themfelves, and afterwards unanimoufly concluded to bring him...
...the jury out, whole names were, Mr. Blindman, Mr. No-good, Mr. Malice, Mr. Loveluft, Mr. Live-loofe, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. Enmity, Mr. Liar, Mr....Implacable; who every one gave in his private verdict againft him among themfelves, and afterwards unanimoufly concluded to bring him in guilty before the...
...death. Then went the jury out,* whose names were Mr. Blindman, Mr. Nogood, Mr. Malice, Mr. Love-lust, Mr. Liveloose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. Enmity, Mr. Liar, Mr. Cruelty, Mr. Hate light, and Mr. Implacable ; who every one gave in his private verdict against him among themselves,...
...the jury out, whose names were Mr. Blindman, Mr, No-good, Mr. Malice, Mr. Lovelust, Mr. Live- loose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, ' Mr. Enmity. Mr. Liar,...Hatelight, and Mr. Implacable : who every one gave in i his private verdict against him among themselves, and afterwards unanimously concluded to bring him...
...reader Then went the jury out, whose names were Mr. Blindman, Mr. No-good, Mr. Maliee, Mr. Lovelust, Mr. Live-loose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. Enmity,...to bring him in guilty before the judge. And first Mr. Blindman, the foreman, said, I see clearly that man is a heretic. Then said Mr. No-good, Away with...
...death." Then went the jury out ; whose names were Mr. Blindman, Mr. No-good, Mr. Malice, Mr. Love-lust, Mr. Liveloose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. Enmity,...before the judge. And first among themselves, Mr. Bfindman the foreman said, ' I see clearly, that this man is a heretic.' — Then said Mr. No-good,...
...jury out, whose names AND THEIR were, Mr. Blindman, Mr. No-good, Mr. NAMES. Malice, Mr. Love-lust, Mr. Live-loose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. Enmity,...concluded to bring him in guilty before the Judge. And EVERY ONE'S PRI- first, among themselves, Mr. BlindVATE VERDICT. man, the foreman, said, I see clearly...

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Video: Boy Golden Trailer Starring KC Concepcion and ER Ejercito ";var t=typeof e.lastChild.getAttribute("multiple");return"boolean"!==t&&"string"!==t}),T.getByClassName=at(function(e){return e.innerHTML="
Video: Boy Golden Trailer Starring KC Concepcion and ER Ejercito
Friday, December 06, 2013 kc concepcion, media, MMFF 2013, video No comments
Boy Golden stars Gov. ER Ejercito, KC Concepcion, John Estrada, Tonton Gutierrez, Joem Bascon, and Mr. Eddie Garcia under the direction of Chito Roño. The movie is produced by Viva Films and Scenema Concept International and an official entry to 2013 Metro Manila Film Festival (MMFF).
The movie is based on the life of a notorious Manila gangster, Arturo "Boy Golden" Porcuna.
"Boy Golden" was earlier excluded from the eight competing entries due to excessive violence but was later reconsidered following the withdrawal of Senator Bong Revilla's "My Super Kap."
Question to KC, how does it feel kissing Gov. ER Ejercito?
[url=http://pinoyshowbizdaily.blogspot.com/2013/12/video-boy-golden-trailer-starring-kc.html][img]http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ig5r-r9cUGs/UqGrhEf9YGI/AAAAAAAACSE/rHvB8qP_fzg/s640/kc-concepcion-boy-golden.jpg[/img][/url] [url=http://pinoyshowbizdaily.blogspot.com/2013/12/video-boy-golden-trailer-starring-kc.html]Video: Boy Golden Trailer Starring KC Concepcion and ER Ejercito [/url]


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RED SONJA #2 CVR E 1:10 COSPLY VIRGIN INCENTIVE Variant Dynamite Comics NM 2017 | eBay
Barbarella #10 Justine Anderson Virgin 1:30 Incentive Variant *NM*
Nov 03, 2018, 04:34:48 PM PDT
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text: OverviewBoard MembersCommittees	BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Terry G. Dallas *Terry G. Dallas Director, Member of Audit Committee, Member of Nuclear Oversight Committee and Member of Nuclear Oversight Subcommittee1212AgeTotal Annual Compensation63-- Thomas H. WeidemeyerThe Goodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyBoard AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc.William E. HantkePremcor USA, Inc.Board AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc. Howard E. CosgroveNRG Energy, Inc.Board AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc.Walter R. YoungHomes America, Inc.Board AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc. Edward R. MullerNRG Energy, Inc.Board AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc.Kirbyjon H. CaldwellHouston NFL Holdings, LPBoard AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc. Lawrence Stephen CobenTremisis Energy LLCBoard AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc.Paul William HobbyGenesis Park LPBoard AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc. E. Spencer AbrahamMidas Medici Group Holdings, Inc.Board AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc.David W. CraneNRG Yield, Inc.Board AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc. Evan J. SilversteinNRG Energy, Inc.Board AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc.Anne C. SchaumburgBrookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P.Board AffiliationsNRG Energy, Inc.

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November | 2014 | Writing of Whitney Danielle
Brain Dead – NaNoWriMo Woes
November 12, 2014 January 7, 2016 Whitney Danielle NaNoWriMo, Sapphyre, The Enchanting Saga	brain dead, NaNoWriMo, sapphyre
Ugh, I’m experiencing a sensation similar to how I felt during the month of August after I won Camp NaNoWriMo. Every time I try and think of my novel, my brain shuts off.
I wish I knew what the problem was. Is the story not what it should be?
Is it supposed to go differently than it is?
And I’m not even getting ideas enough to write something that happens later.
This has been going on since Monday.
Fortunately I had enough written by Monday to be where I needed to be with my writing schedule that I started at the beginning.
Yesterday I only made it because my friend Andrea told me a specific scene to write.
Why can’t I do this without someone prompting me?
Why must I feel so brain dead?
NaNoWriMo – Days 7 & 8
November 9, 2014 January 7, 2016 Whitney Danielle NaNoWriMo, Sapphyre, The Enchanting Saga	book 2, NaNoWriMo, sapphyre, word count
Well yesterday I didn’t do as well with word count since I kept getting distracted. I didn’t reach 2,000 words but came pretty close at around 1,800. Today I made up for that and did 2,190. I’m now at tomorrow’s required goal.
November 6, 2014 January 7, 2016 Whitney Danielle NaNoWriMo, Sapphyre, The Enchanting Saga	Chris Jones, NaNoWriMo, sapphyre, subplot, word count
Well with the help of my friends, I’ve made my word count again!
2,000 words today.
So I work at a real estate office and every Thursday we host the Realtor(R) tour. Sponsors from different companies bring breakfast. Today’s sponsor was a mortgage company and a few months back I learned that the branch manager, who is one of the ones who comes in, is an author and part owner in a publishing company. We talk each time he comes and today we were talking about NaNo. I told him that I’m trying to find a subplot for my second POV character. After telling him some basic things about the character and the overall plot, he helped me come up with a viable subplot.
I thought about it all day and it’s going to be epic!. So excited!
November 5, 2014 January 7, 2016 Whitney Danielle NaNoWriMo, Sapphyre, The Enchanting Saga	book 2, NaNoWriMo, oddstuffs, word count, WQA
Today was super slow and as of 7:30 I only had 800 some odd words. Thankfully, Andrea challenged me to a race to 1,000 words from the point we were at and I did it. It wasn’t as easy as on the previous two days since I hadn’t planned on the perspective that I’d been writing in but I did it. My word count for the day is 2,068.
Honestly, if you’re struggling to get your word count, find a friend and race. It will help so much, especially if you’re competitive like I am.
Oh and on an exciting for me note: on tumblr I follow the blog writing-questions-answered and due to a scene that will be coming up for book 2 that I’m unsure of how I should write it, I asked WQA a question to see if she had any advice for me. Her blog says that it takes 1-2 weeks for a response so that’s what I was planning on (the scene is a ways out so that’s fine for me). I posted this morning so figured I’d get a response in the middle of the month. However when I checked my tumblr a little before 5 o’clock this evening, I discovered that she’d already responded. The response was awesome and it will help my book so much. If you’re a writer with a tumblr, follow her blog. It’s great.
Happy NaNo – ing
November 4, 2014 January 7, 2016 Whitney Danielle NaNoWriMo, Sapphyre, The Enchanting Saga	book 2, NaNoWriMo, sapphyre, spongebob, word count
Today is going really well. I’m over my target for the day but I still have writing time so I’m going to try and get more words in. Here’s a funny that describes how NaNo can be sometimes.
November 4, 2014 June 9, 2016 Whitney Danielle Shouldn't you be writing	Benedict Cumberbatch, Hobbit, Martin Freeman, Sherlock, Shouldn't you be writing
November 3, 2014 June 9, 2016 Whitney Danielle Shouldn't you be writing	Shouldn't you be writing
So I’m a total Harry Potter nerd and I just saw this one. Love it!

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AI and Machine Learning Demystified... by Carol Smith 3857336 views
Harry Surden - Artificial Intellige... by Harry Surden 749641 views

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Photoshop Classes Meetups near Martinez, California - Martinez
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Coffee Talk (online): Creative Typography with Sally
at Online Only in Online, CA
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at West Lane Bowl in Stockton, CA
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27.8 miles away in South San Francisco, CA

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Position: Senior Animal Keeper - Birds (Part time / Permanent)
Salary: £11,745 (Inclusive of Weekend Enhancement)
Location: ZSL Whipsnade Zoo, Bedfordshire
An exciting opening has arisen for a Senior Animal Keeper in our Birds Section at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo. Applicants must have a passion for working with a variety of animals within a Zoo environment however experience with birds would be desirable. Good communication skills and experience of dealing with the public is essential, together with the ability to work effectively within a team. The role will also involve the day to day husbandry of a large and diverse collection of Birds, focussing on animal welfare, bio-security, record keeping and ensuring that exhibits are maintained to the highest standards. The successful candidate will also be expected to:
· Observe the behaviour, health and security of animals and report any problems to the Team Leader or manager including defects or repairs required to enclosures and relevant departments required to support work needed.
· Assist with the preparation of approved diets and carrying out the correct feeding procedures.
· Cleaning and maintaining of exhibits and other designated areas.
· Be able to demonstrate up to date knowledge of Bird husbandry practices. We are looking for in depth experience in the successful husbandry of a range of birds.
· Have extensive experience from working in zoos, private collections, museums, universities, or in the field.
· Have proven experience working with a range of birds.
· Have a logical, precise and scientific approach to animal keeping.
· Understand the conservation, research and educational role of ex situ animal populations.
· Able to use Microsoft software including Outlook, Excel and Word.
Have a qualification in a relevant field at university level and/or diploma in the DMZAA Keeper’s course or equivalent work experience.
· Be reliable and have good time-keeping and attendance record and able to demonstrate leadership and professionalism.
Please note: The role holder will be required to work 1,044 hours in a calendar year (equivalent to 20 hours per week) on a 6 week rolling roster including weekend working.
Applicants will need to upload their CV and covering letter (detailing relevant experience and skills, stating why they want the position and including details of availability) and can do this by clicking the "Apply for this job online" button. If you have any queries regarding this position or when applying through the system please contact Human Resources at wzhr@zsl.org
Closing Date: Midnight Wednesday 12th October 2016
Job Title: Senior Animal Keeper
Directorate: Zoological
Head of Department/ Director:
Job Evaluation Committee Reference Number:
Grade Allocated:
Date Allocated:
The main purpose of the qualified keeper position is to manage the day to day operational duties relating to animal husbandry and visitor interaction within the section. This is directed day to day by the section Team Leader or other key, senior animal management staff within the section.
• Observing the behaviour, health and security of animals and reporting any problems to the Team Leader or Senior staff
• Ensuring that conditions for animals are suitable and reporting any problems, including defects or repairs required to enclosures the senior managers on section and relevant departments required to support work needed.
• Assisting with the preparation of approved diets and carrying out the correct feeding procedures.
• Cleaning and maintaining exhibits and other designated areas
• Ensuring that safety and emergency procedures are followed at all times.
• Assisting with the movement and/or training of animals.
• Supporting in the training and mentoring of less experienced staff.
• Maintaining courteous and helpful relations with visitors and media.
• Supporting broader ZSL lead events such as late evening s and specialist functions
• To ensure that the policy for equality of opportunity is adhered to and promoted in all aspects of the post holder’s work.
• To be committed to professional self-development, through participation in specific training opportunities aimed at supporting and developing the post
• In consultation with the Team Leader the job holder plans his/her own work and may plan the work of others. Most decisions are made using the job holder’s personal experience but discussions with the Team Leader usually take place before a decision is made. There are general guidelines for the job.
• Most problems relate to animal care or staff. Some are resolved independently often after investigation. Less frequent, more complex, problems are referred to the Team Leader and/or Zoological Manager. Some involvement in exhibit planning.
• A flexible approach is required in order to support the broader zoological collection as well as the post holder’s specific section. Animal work frequently requires individuals to work outside of normal working hours if for example specific levels of care are required. During other events, keeper staff are likely to be required to help out other sections or be present for events managed by other departments (Evening functions, animal talks etc)
• Working with animals requires detailed levels of concentration on both noting animal behaviour and changes to behaviour, as well as security and health and safety elements required to manage Category 1 species. This will include the locking up and checking of locks for category 1 animals or restraint and control of animals for movement or veterinary procedures.
• An ability to work as part of a team, to communicate clearly, effectively and fairly to colleagues.
• Effective communication across all levels of the society. An ability to engage with junior staff as well as senior colleagues across all departments.
• Capable of supporting and mentoring less experienced team members and volunteers in order to develop them within their specific roles. Beyond this, senior keepers should be looking to assist with the continual development of junior staff to enable them to progress within their careers.
• A willingness and ability to present work to various peer groups both externally and internally to the organisation.
• A supportive and engaging approach to visitors.
• A presentable appearance through following uniform and clothing policy.
• Specific vocational and technical skills pertaining to the husbandry and management of the managed species.
• DMZAA qualification or suitable, recognised equivalent.
• Experience of visitor interactions in an organisation. An understanding of how to engage and support visitors to the collection.
• Be able to mentor, train and enthuse junior members of a team. Instruct and oversee best practice within the section. To support the Team Leader and Deputy Team Leader in ensuring agreed standards of work are met.
• To be able to effectively and respectfully communicate to staff of all levels regardless of their position.
• Maintain high standards of hygiene, equipment care and house-keeping as routine part of daily duties.
• Familiarity with other ZSL departments and an ability to contact key people in emergencies e.g. duty electrician out of hours.
• Effective supervision of volunteers and students providing clear tasks, adequate supervision and a relevant experience.
• Ability to manage and prioritise a diverse workload.
• Familiarity and compliance with all Health and Safety protocols and documentation. This includes emergency procedures, risk assessment and safe working practices.
Ability to instruct others in the above and monitor compliance.
• Understanding of evolving husbandry management within zoological collections to include positive re-enforcement training for behavioural management and varied methods of enrichment for a range of species.
• Knowledge of life support systems, temperature ranges and UV requirements for specific species.
• Knowledge of restraint techniques for specific animals should catch ups or veterinary procedures require this.
• Produce written documentation such as Health and safety information, including Risk Assessments, dietary records and any other relevant material.
• Ability to research a specialist topic using library and internet resources effectively and apply findings to practical operation.
• Effectively input relevant date onto the Daily Report Sheet and zoological Recording programs such as ZIMS.
• Competency in Microsoft Office packages.
• Familiarity with the operation, maintenance and trouble-shooting of all equipment in regular use.
• Excellent observational skills and the ability to identify animal health problems quickly.
• An ability to carry out agreed veterinary treatments accurately as determined by vet team/team leader/curator. Good record keeping and follow up observations on treatments and conditions.
• Demonstrate a thorough and evolving knowledge of husbandry, exhibition, diet and reproduction.
• Have a wider knowledge of specific animal groups, outside of the immediate collection. Have a working knowledge of behavioural enrichment and conditioning and training programs.
• Demonstrate a knowledge of the role of modern zoo’s in terms of conservation and education.
• A clear awareness and understanding of the conservation issues relating to species within the zoological collection and conservation on the whole.
• Public Relations - An ability to interact with stakeholders and represent ZSL where required, to include VIP and media based situations.
• Presentation Skills – An ability and willingness to present papers, research or Society based material at conferences, or select groups.
• An understanding and supportive approach to the commercial nature of the Zoological collection whilst maintaining the highest standards of husbandry and welfare to the living collection.
• An understanding and support of ZSL’s sustainability program. Overseeing and implementing best practice in terms of sustainability within the department.
• Flexible approach in terms of working hours and an awareness that the post requires weekend working.
• Ability to travel and attend conferences or other zoo’s as the position requires, in order to share knowledge, beneficial to the collection
• An ability to present work in a conference or lecture based environment would be an advantage.
Labels: Senior Animal Keeper, Whipsnade Zoo, zoo career, zoo consultancy, zoo consultant, zoo jobs, zoo opportunity, zoo vacancies, zoo work


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4chun | Tumblr
2Mansion Villa and Farm
One of the many proofs that Minecraft is more than just a game.
Built by: 4chunlivinginminecraftFollowUnfollowminecraftmansionvillafarm4chunprojectsepic27 notesLoading...Show more notesReblog © Tumblr, Inc.HelpAboutAppsDevelopersThemesJobsLegalTermsCopyright

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Words containing ermonn | Words that contain ermonn
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-ermonn
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,777,149,869 visitors served
Words containing ermonn
Found 1 words containing ermonn. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain ermonn. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play!
15 letter words containing ermonnSee also
15 letter words containing ermonn
Words containing ermonni
Words containing ermono

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text:
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Sarah L - Mid-Atlantic Hiking Group (A Nonprofit Organization) (Washington, DC)
https://www.meetup.com/Mid-Atlantic-Hiking-Group/members/14561429/
Recommended list based on interests.
Hello! Not new to hiking, but I haven't explored many trails around the DC area yet!
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6,557 Hungry people