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Latest photos from December... - M.D. PHOTOGRAPHY
"Milky Chance"
"Urban Classic"
"Colour and Symmetry"
"Masterclass by Nath-Sakura"
"Lucky Jane"
"Dancing in the B&W"
"Transcendance..."
Mathias D. - born in 1987 in Carcassonne - South of France.
I'm passionate by photography but I'm no professional and consider it a hobby (even if I'm putting more and more effort and time into it).
Latest photos from December...
Article summary... A bit of everything, ballet photo, photo contest projects, wildlife,... the usual.
I just posted an article on October and November latest events... so delayed on posting articles due to the massive amount of work I had to do to submit the bloody thesis in time... but... as a result of this... the thesis and its 200 pages have finally been submitted and I'm almost free. Now it is time to find a proper job and to prepare for the viva, which I still have not got the date for but hopefully it will be mid-Janurary / February, touch wood...
I'm also realizing that I have not even taken time to look at the wildlife pictures I have taken end of November. I have only uploaded them on my computer but not post treated. So I'll be doing this at the same time as I write this post, trying also to remember the little story behind them.
Wildlife photo: 18th and 21st of November - Marais de Peronne & Cinq Tailles:
7Dii + 150-600 S - 600mm, F/6.3 , 1/800s, ISO 640
7Dii + 150-600 S - 600mm, F/6.3 , 1/800s, ISO 400
The 3 pictures above where taken at the Marais de Peronne, on a bright Sunday morning. Unfortunately, 3 other "bird watcher/chatters" had the same brilliant idea as us on that day and as usual they were from the chatty-loud kind. After they all froze down (sadly not to death) and decided to retreat birds decided to approach a bit more from the observartory. Patience is always the key word. From left to right: Common Snipe, Great Cormorant (that idiot dropped its catch 1 sec later) and a pair of Northern shoveler.
7Dii + 150-600 S - 600mm, F/6.3 , 1/1600s, ISO 2500
7Dii + 150-600 S - 600mm, F/8 , 1/800s, ISO 1000
7Dii + 150-600 S - 600mm, F/8 , 1/1600s, ISO 2000
7Dii + 150-600 S - 534mm, F/6.3 , 1/1600s, ISO 800
7Dii + 150-600 S - 150mm, F/8 , 1/1600s, ISO 2000
Solo trip that day with this series of 6 pictures taken at the Cinq Tailles natural reserve. From left to right on the first row, a Great spotted woodpecker (already observed during our last visit roughly at the same location/tree), Lapwing (they were numerous on that day, I observed a flock of nearly 50 individuals), and a Mute swan streching up its wings. Second row is left picture shows a large group of Eurasian teal also very common on that day. Middle picture was taken from a different observatory. I popped in with my full camouflage suit and my balaclava/hood on and met with what I think was a mid-40s couple having "a moment" on a bench, facing each others, lady having her legs around the hips of the chap... I don't know who was the most shocked by the other. Anyway back to the picture, cause I took a 1 min to take a couple of shots, is showing a Great cormorant surrounded by a large number of gulls. Last picture was my little treat of the day... a little Eurasian bullfinch (they are getting rarer like a lot of bird species). It did not stayed long enough for me to take a closer picture of him. On the way back to the car I also had a go with my "smartphone" as light conditions were interesting with rays of light coming through the forest trees. I did not have my 18-35 with so the OP5 was the alternative.
OnePlus 5 - F/1.7, 1/286s, ISO250
OnePlus 5 - F/1.7, 1/178s, ISO200
Dancing school open days...
I do a bit of sport photography, mainly handball if you read the other posts or had a look at my portfolio. I'm always thirsty for new scenarios or conditions/challenges and recently my partner in crime, who does a lot of ballet, offered me to come to her dance school open days and tale a couple of pictures of her Jazz class. The school she dances in is called Crasto.
It was not an easy exercise... and this mainly for two reasons. First thing, the light was terrible which means, high ISO (noise), low shutter speed (not ideal for movements photography) and reduced depth of field as the diaph needs to be wide opened to get a maximum of light in (not ideal for group pictures). Second thing, I could not really leave my seat and move around the room to take pictures. Again these were challenging conditions and it was a good exercise indeed. To reduce the noise I have decided to use a Black and White treatment on all my pictures (Lightroom).
7Dii + 15-85 3.5/4.5 - 24mm, F/4, 1/200s, ISO3200
7Dii + 70-200 2.8 - 135mm, F/3.2, 1/320s, ISO3200
7Dii + 15-85 3.5/4.5 - 50mm, F/5, 1/250s, ISO3200
7Dii + 15-85 3.5/4.5 - 35mm, F/4, 1/320s, ISO6400
7Dii + 15-85 3.5/4.5 - 35mm, F/4, 1/125s, ISO3200
7Dii + 15-85 3.5/4.5 - 65mm, F/5.6, 1/80s, ISO3200
I snoot myself...
While I was reading about portrait photography and essentials, I realised that I still needed a couple of elements to be actual able to get into the basics. One of them was a "snoot". A snoot is basically a cone shaped accessory that aims to channel the light from a speedlite flash or lamp to a very specific spot, creating a very focused disk of light (not disco light).
Snoot with gels and honeycomb filter
In addition of a snoot I also needed a second cobra flash to use in pair with my Canon 600EX II and a transmitter that will work for both of them. I could not find anything satisfying at the Salon de la Photo, I was aiming for Godox but finally I went for Yongnuo's copies of the Canon 600EX ii and ST-E3 RT transmitter and basically they work well all together.
When I finally received all the gear, I decided to give them a quick go and try them on me, revisiting the basic type of portrait lighting: Split, Loop, Rembrandt, Paramount or Butterfly.
7Dii + 18 - 35 ART 1.8 - 35mm, F/1.8, 1/100s, ISO100
The Red contest...
Just before the end of November, a professional photographer who I follow and very much appreciate for his mastering of light, Karl Taylor, decided to launch a photo competition/contest on the theme of "red". Regardless to the very attracting first price (a Canon 5Div) I decided to join the competition just to challenge myself and to get feedbacks from a pro that I admire very much. One more time I greatly encourage you to visit his website and check his work. Just bare in mind that every single pictures displayed on his page comes from a single shot and that no post treatment is done on them. The guy is just precise and absolutely masters his arts.
Copyright - Karl Taylor
Obviously, I don't have the technique, the talent, the equipment, etc... I'm nothing like Karl Taylor but pushed by my motivation I decided to produce two different shots and to send them into the competition. To bring the red colour into the picture I decided to use... a red apple. First shot will be a portrait and the second one a motion picture (I don't think this is the appropriate term for this kind of photo but well... who cares).
Here under are a series of pictures we took during the first session of the portrait trials.
7Dii + 18 - 35 ART 1.8 - 35mm, F/1.8, 1/160s, ISO400
7Dii + 18 - 35 ART 1.8 - 35mm, F/1.8, 1/160s, ISO400 - Post treated on LR.
7Dii + 18 - 35 ART 1.8 - 35mm, F/2.5, 1/60s, ISO400
We roughly took about 100 pictures on that session but there was one specific picture that we liked more than the rest. See below.
Unfortunately, as I'm a terrible photographer and that I'm always too confident with the result on the LCD screen of my camera, I did not realise that the Focus was made on the shoulder of my model and therefore the rest of the image a bit blurry. Shame...
So we decided to try to reproduce a similar picture on the next day... Tricky... Here under is the closest we've got to the previous one.
7Dii + 18 - 35 ART 1.8 - 26mm, F/1.8, 1/30s, ISO100
Just for fun... here is the actual setup... In our kitchen... Told you I'm nothing like Karl Taylor :) and yes this is a safety blanket as background.
For the second picture (motion picture), we decide to re-use our apple, zero waste,... and to go for a splashy situation... I had never done this kind of picture and it is actually quite tricky to set up. I don't own a laser or sound triggering device so it even more challenging to anticipate the moment the apple is impacting the water. We went for a basic countdown before dropping it into the water but still... We probably went for almost 100 shots on that one. I'm not proud of the result but it looked okay to me.
7Dii + 70-200 2.8 - 70mm, F/2.8, 1/250s, ISO100
Unfrotunately, I missed the date of the contest, I truly believed the deadline was on the 14th of December but it was in fact the 10th,... Nevermind, it was very good practice. And to be honest seeing the winners, I was way out of my league. Congratulations to all of them for their amazing work.


text:
Dr. Alan J. Lipman's Head of State: Political and Media Psychology: A Proposed Commercial
(Fade into B & W picture of Sarah Palin: Audio begins with opening powerful chords of "Won't Get Fooled Again [if can get rights]--striking, new, suggests a new tone and powerful, straightforward message. Independent/Centrists/moderate Republicans will also know as theme from CSI-creates identification, underlying comfort. Song continues underneath.)VO: Sarah Palin is not running for President.(Fade out on pic of Palin. Fade into B & W pic of John McCain)VO: John McCain is running for President.VO: McCain claims he is for the common American (Color pic of average American men and women--five standing left to right, looking at the camera--evokes vulnerability, frustration with the past, identification, fiscal need)VO: He owns 10 homes (Quick cuts: B & W pic of the 10 homes, POV preferably from above).VO: He wants to keep Bush's tax cuts on the rich (B & W picture of Bush)VO: "Rich", by the way, for McCain is 5 million dollars and over. *They* get the break. You pay. (Pic moves to split screen--same B & W pic of Bush on L, B & W pic of McCain on R).VO: McCain has voted against funding for veterans, against funding for children's health, he has a zero record on women's choice. (Quick color pics of tired, worn veteran; children standing together looking up, working woman).VO: In 1993, McCain promised that he would cut taxes. (B & W pic of McCain behind rostrum, making promise)VO: Now, compared to Barack Obama, he wants to raise them. On you. (Color pic of middle class man and woman, POV looking straight at the camera).VO: (B & W pic of McCain and Bush together, arms linked if can be found). Vote with knowledge. Vote with the facts. Remember the last 8 years. Don't get fooled again (Final resonant, powerful chords of "Won't Get Fooled Again").

type: global

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text:
a shovel should remain in the trunk of your car - Tall Tales from Kansas
« when a cat wants something | Main | leaning forward in the car when you are hoping to make it up a hill »
a shovel should remain in the trunk of your car
Traffic in Kansas City yesterday am, courtesy of Reuters. I am happy to report I was not one of those cars. I left home before the snow started and made it in just fine. However, my car did not make it home, which means today is the 3rd time in 28 years of commuting I did not make it to my appointed rounds.
Not a bad track record all in all. I did learn some things from all of this:
1. If you have a co-worker who lives in Lawrence and you get her car dug out it is wise for the two of you to go home together in that one car and leave the other behind.
2. When it's going to snow more than 6 inches you should drive the 4-runner to work.
3. A shovel should remain in the trunk of your car from October to April.
4. If you pack a bag in case you might get stuck at work, don't walk off and leave it by the door.
5. The threat of a parking ticket should not stop you from parking in the garage in a blizzard.
6. There are a lot of cute young people living around the med center who think it's fun to help two mature women get their car "unstuck".
I wish I had gotten the names of the couple who helped us out... along with their photo! What was I thinking not having my camera on me at a time like this? Oh yeah, item number 7 on the list... safety first.
Posted at 11:10 AM in Everyday | Permalink
Oh My! Glad you got home safe and sound anyway!
I would not fare well in that kind of weather!
Posted by: Rhonda | 02/22/2013 at 12:26 PM
Brrrrr, that looks so cold! Glad to hear you made it home safe. I could not live in a cold climate...much less drive in one:)
Posted by: Violet Cadburry | 02/22/2013 at 12:45 PM
I hope your car doesn't get towed. They were saying on the news tonight in Columbia that all cars left abandoned on the highway had been towed and one woman was charged $300!!!
Posted by: Janet Ghio | 02/22/2013 at 05:38 PM
We got a foot of snow here at our house not too far from the Plaza in KC. Hubby made it in to work before things got too bad...supervisor sent them all home shortly after arrival. It took hubby a LOT longer to drive back home in the thick of the storm. Glad you made it home safely. What a mess it was! Round two on Monday apparently. :)
Posted by: Judy H. | 02/22/2013 at 07:12 PM
So, you had to leave your car illegally parked in the garage at work? I hope they don't give you a ticket. That would be so not nice.
I'll put up with the wind and blistering heat in the high desert rather than live in snow states...lived in MI & AK, that did it for me. Never again.
Posted by: Joan Clarke | 02/22/2013 at 08:30 PM
I was thinking of you and Jeanette (Mistress of Longears) when I heard how much snow that part of Kansas was getting! Down here in the OKC area, we got a few inches of snow/frozen sleet/hail/rain and thunder snow, which was cool to see.
Posted by: Diana Giffin | 02/22/2013 at 09:07 PM
Where I live our rule #2 is that if there should be 6 inches of snow, stay home.
Be careful and keep that shovel AND a candy bar handy. I recommend Twix.
Posted by: Caroline | 02/23/2013 at 02:01 AM
Carol, loved your story, smiling, all true when one lives in the snow zone. We got bumped by this storm too and we were digging out yesterday, more snow follies are on the way come Monday.
Posted by: Susie LaFond | 02/23/2013 at 11:25 AM
Thought of you during those two storms. We had a rough day here in St. Louis on the 21st as you may have heard. Glad you're safe. Thanks for the great snow pics.
Posted by: Michel Murphy | 02/28/2013 at 09:36 PM

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text:
LED - Potential in BME | Sleep | Science
Phototherapy Guidelines Edit Sept09
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modul puritan evangelism.pdf
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Beyond the Sea - Bass
160754_43768 Termodinamica.pdf
kelas-xii-bab-2-baru.pdf
lapkas dr heka.pptx
Kupdf.com Sop Pemeriksaan Kadar Gula Darah
por retenerte Trombone.pdf
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 2161–2166
Light-emitting diodes—Their potential in biomedical applications
Naichia Gary Yeh a, Chia-Hao Wu a, Ta Chih Cheng b,*
College of Applied Sciences, MingDao University, 369 Wen-Hua Road, Peetou, Changhua 52345, Taiwan, ROC Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Hseuh-Fu Rd., Nei-Pu Hsiang, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
Article history: Received 19 January 2010 Accepted 17 February 2010 Keywords: LED Medical treatment Phototherapy
The rapid development of high brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) makes feasible the use of LEDs, among other light sources (such as laser, intense pulse light and other incoherent light systems), for medical treatment and light therapy. This paper provides a general review on red, green, blue, ultraviolet LED applications in photo rejuvenation and medical treatments of a variety of physical abnormalities, as well as the relief of stress, circadian rhythm disorders, and seasonal affective disorder. The review, concentrated in the papers published after 1990, intends to show that LEDs are well qualiﬁed to succeed its more energy demanding counterparts in the named areas and beyond. ß 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents 1. 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEDs for phototherapy and medical treatment 2.1. Relief for disorder and stress . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Wound healing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Treatment of acne vulgaris. . . . . . . . . . . 2.4. Photo rejuvenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other biomedical applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2161 2162 2162 2162 2163 2163 2163 2165 2165 2165
1. Introduction LEDs, following laser and intense pulsed light (IPL), have become the new favorite in the ﬁeld of medical treatment and phototherapy. Today, LEDs not only thrive in the ﬁeld of low intensity photo rejuvenation; but are also used for the treatments of rhinitis, arthritis, jaundice, joint/tissue inﬂammation, skin abnormality, and for the relief of stress, seasonal affective disorder, as well as biological clock disorders. LEDs are solid-state semiconductor devices which contain a single p–n junction, that is, the junction of a p-type layer where the carriers are positively charged holes and an n-type layer in which current is carried by mobile electrons.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 8 770 3202x6423; fax: +886 8 774 0446. E-mail address: cheng.tachih@gmail.com (T.C. Cheng). 1364-0321/$ – see front matter ß 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.02.015
LEDs pass an electrical current in the direction where electrons move from the n-region to the p-region. The electrons then recombine with holes to generate photons of light. The light emitted by a LED is usually in a narrow band of wavelength corresponding to the energy associated with electron–hole pair recombination. That energy is approximately the band gap energy of the semiconductor in which the recombination occurs. As the performance of LED continues to improve ever since 1980s, these lighting systems progress from red-only LED arrays to high density, multi-color LED chip-on-board technologies. After the development of blue–green LEDs based on aluminum gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN) in the early 1990s, low-voltage light sources in all three primary colors (red, green and blue) have become available for the lighting and display industries. This development has also helped to penetrate multi-billion dollar markets in indoor agricultural production as well as medical treatment and phototherapy.
N.G. Yeh et al. / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 2161–2166
LEDs are the ﬁrst light source to provide the capability of true spectral composition control, which allows wavelengths to match the requirement of the medical treatment to optimize the effectiveness. They are compact and have little difﬁculty reaching those hard to reach area. They are also easy to maneuver in small spaces. LED can be easily integrated into digital control systems to facilitate complex lighting programs like varying spectral composition over the course of a phototherapy or treatment stage. LEDs are safer to operate than current laser light sources as they do not need a high voltage power supply as sometimes required in laserbase medical system. Following the previous review [1] of researches that use LEDs to support plant growth in controlled environments, this paper provides a general review on LED applications in a variety of medical treatment and phototherapy areas since 1990 to demonstrate the potential of LEDs in biomedical ﬁeld. 2. LEDs for phototherapy and medical treatment In order to establish a consensus that LED can be a safe and effective alternative to incoherent lights and laser (or other coherent lights) for photo rejuvenation and a variety of medical treatments, this research explores the papers that discuss such treatments using either conventional light sources or LEDs. 2.1. Relief for disorder and stress Delayed sleep-phase disorder is a type of circadian rhythm disorder that affects the timing of sleep. Patients with such disorder have difﬁculty sleeping and waking at the times required for normal functions. This disorder is often related to change in geographical location and night activity. People with such disorder tend to fall asleep some hours after midnight and have difﬁculty waking up in the morning. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is another common type of circadian rhythm disorder, which is characterized by symptoms such as depression during the seasons when the duration of daylight is reduced. People who suffer from SAD usually have normal mental health but tend to experience fatigue, irritability, anxiety, social withdrawal, and a lack of alertness in the seasons with less sunlight. SAD is usually treated with light therapy where patients spend time before a set of bright lights to trick their brain into believing that the days are bright. A research conducted by Lewy et al. [2] has tracked sleep, activity levels, melatonin rhythms and depression symptoms of 68 SAD patients who took either low doses of melatonin or a placebo in the morning or afternoon for a winter month. The study shows that a person’s rhythms are synchronized when the interval between the time the pineal gland begins to secret melatonin and the middle of sleep is about 6 h. These researchers propose that most patients will respond best to a low dose of the light-sensitive hormone melatonin in the afternoon in addition to 30 min of bright light in the morning. Without determining an optimal wavelength combination for SAD treatment, they suggest that clinical beneﬁt of light treatment is greater than melatonin treatment. Glickman et al. [3] have found that short wavelength light, especially blue light, demonstrates positive inﬂuence for acute melatonin suppression and circadian phase shifting. They have conducted light therapy on SAD patients using blue LEDs (468 nm at 607 mW/cm2, 27 nm half-peak bandwidth) and dim red LEDs (654 nm at 34 mW/cm2, 21 nm half-peak bandwidth). Twenty-four patients each receive 45 min of morning light treatment daily for 3 weeks. This research has demonstrated that blue light outperforms dimmer red light in reversing SAD symptoms.
2.2. Wound healing Photobiomodulation, also known as low level light therapy (LLLT), is a medical technique in which exposures to low level laser light or LEDs stimulate cellular function leading to beneﬁcial clinical effects. LLLT with light in the red to the near infrared range (630–1000 nm) has been shown to accelerate wound healing, improve recovery from ischemic injury, and attenuate degeneration in the injured optic nerve. Low ﬂuence of photo irradiation at the cellular level can generate signiﬁcant biological effects including cellular proliferation and the release of growth factors from cells. Corazza et al. [4] have compared the blood vessels proliferation effects of laser and LEDs illumination on wounds induced in rats. The results have shown that the proliferations of blood vessels in all irradiated groups are superior in comparison to those of the control group, which indicates that both LED- and laser-based LLLT have demonstrated expressive results in angiogenesis. With the inexpensive and easy-to-use LED light sources available, Erdle et al. [5] have evaluated the wound healing effect of 670-nm LED light on incisions and burn injuries in hairless mice and suggested that red light exposure may be helpful in postoperative wound repair. Their results show that while not so effective for burn injuries, 670-nm LED red light sources do accelerate healing in skin of hairless mice with incisions. Whelan et al. [6] have used the LED originally developed for NASA plant growth experiments in space to access the effects of near infrared light treatment on wounds in a genetically diabetic mouse model and have found that certain tissue regenerating genes are signiﬁcantly up regulated upon LED treatment. In a research that assesses the effects of hyperbaric oxygen and near infrared light therapy on wound healing, Whelan et al. [7] have also conducted in vitro and in vivo studies using a variety of LED wavelength, power intensity, and energy density parameters to identify conditions optimal for biostimulation. The results of theses two studies suggest that using LEDs for light therapy alone and in conjunction with hyperbaric oxygen greatly enhance the natural wound healing process, and more quickly return the patient to a pre-injury or pre-illness level. In a later research, Whelan et al. [8] have demonstrated that near infrared LED (670 nm @ 4 J/cm2) treatment heals poisoned neurons by stimulating cytochrome oxidase activity, protects against retinal damage and improves the recovery of retinal function in a rodent model of mitochondrial poison-induced blindness; and promotes retinal healing and improved visual function following highintensity laser-induced retinal injury in adult non-human primates. Both the experimental and clinical studies have found no evidence of damage to the retina or optic nerve following the LED treatment. As a result, they propose that near infrared LED photobiomodulation represents an innovative and non-invasive therapeutic approach for the treatment of retinal injury and disease. Desmet et al. [9] have also studied the use of near infrared light treatment in various in vitro and in vivo models to determine the effect of near infrared LED light treatment on physiologic and pathologic processes. Their research found that the light treatment (1) stimulates the photoacceptor cytochrome oxidase, which results in increased energy metabolism and production, (2) accelerates wound healing in ischemic rat and murine diabetic wound healing models, (3) attenuates the retinotoxic effects of methanol-derived formic acid in rat models and the developmental toxicity of dioxin in chicken embryos, and (4) prevents the development of oral mucositis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. The experimental results demonstrate that near infrared LED light treatment stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in vitro, and accelerates cell and tissue repair in vivo.
Trelles and Allone [10] have studied 10 subjects regarding the effects of a LED phototherapy system on enhancing wound healing following the combination of eyelid surgery and laser ablative resurfacing. After the surgery, one-half of each subject’s face was treated with the red LED therapy (20 min, 96 J/cm2, 633 nm), the other half of each subject’s face being the un-irradiated control. Erythema, edema, bruising, and days to healing were independently evaluated from the clinical photography. The 633 nm LED therapy-treated side is superior to the un-irradiated control by a factor of two to three in all instances. Agnol et al. [11] have compared the wound healing effect of lights using LED and laser. They have established surgical dorsum lesions on 36 rats. For those subjects that have been irradiated once with LED (640 with 40 nm full bandwidth at half maximum) or laser (660 nm) 30 min after the establishment of the lesion, the researchers have found that the two light sources produced similar effects during a period of 168 h after the establishment of the lesion. For the group consisting of diabetic animals, 72 h after creation of the lesion, the therapy with LEDs had been more efﬁcient than that with the laser in wound reduction. The results of all these researches indicate that LED, a more economical low density light source, is a great alternative to laser for LLLT. 2.3. Treatment of acne vulgaris Sun exposure has a beneﬁcial effect on acne vulgaris (commonly called acne) but how wavelengths of the sun contribute to such effect is not clear. Lights in red, blue, green, violet, and ultraviolet segments have all been reported to be effective for the treatment of acne. The following researches have been conducted to deﬁne the most effective wavelengths. Sigurdsson et al. [12] have treated 30 patients with mild to moderate facial, back, or chest acne vulgaris using three (full spectrum, green, and violet) light sources. Each patient receives a 20-min session light treatment three times a week for 7 weeks. The results show that the improvements by full spectrum, green, and violet are 14%, 22%, and 30%, respectively. While it seems that violet light is better than the other light qualities, the improvements induced by the three light sources have shown no statistically signiﬁcant difference. Papageorgiou et al. [13] have evaluated the effectiveness of blue light (peak at 415 nm) and a mixed blue and red light (peaks at 415 and 660 nm) in acne treatments. Their study randomly assigned 107 patients with mild to moderate acne in four treatment groups to be treated with blue light, mixed blue and red light, cool white light, and 5% benzoyl peroxide cream, respectively. Subjects in the phototherapy groups received irradiation 15 min daily from portable light sources. After 12 weeks of active treatment, the combined blue–red light group achieved a mean improvement of 76% in inﬂammatory lesions, signiﬁcantly superior to that in all other groups. The ﬁnal mean improvement by using blue–red light is 58%, still better than that in the other groups. Although the acne treatment studies above have not indicated the light source used for their researches, yet there should be no signiﬁcant down effect if the laser or any other light source in the treatment device is replaced with LEDs of the same frequencies according to the study of Lee et al. [14] These researchers have investigated the effectiveness of combined blue and red LEDs phototherapy for acne. They treated 24 patients with mild to moderate facial acne with alternating blue (415 nm) and red (633 nm) LED devices twice a week for 4 weeks. The study results indicate that the percentage improvements in non-inﬂammatory and inﬂammatory lesions have been 34.28% and 77.93%, respectively. Fourteen patients have reported brightened skin tone and improved skin texture. These studies basically conclude that
phototherapy with mixed blue–red light, probably by combining antibacterial and anti-inﬂammatory action, is a safe, effective, and non-painful treatment for mild to moderate acne vulgaris, with no signiﬁcant short-term adverse effects. 2.4. Photo rejuvenation Over time, skin gradually displays the effects of aging. The collagen in the skin begins to break down and results in ﬁne lines and then deeper grooves on the skin surface. Factors like sun, gravity, and hormones can speed up the aging process. The treatment of aging skin has always been a very popular topic. People who have skin conditions like ﬂushed faces, sun-damaged skin, hyperpigmentation, enlarged pores may seek for the help of cosmetic surgery procedures, including photo rejuvenation. Increasing insight into the overlap between UV-induced skin cancer and UV-induced skin aging has contributed to the development of photoaging research. And market pressures have made photoaging research a prevailing ﬁeld in investigative dermatology. Both ablative and non-ablative resurfacing have been reported as solutions to intrinsic and photoaging and as being able to generate a younger dermal matrix. Non-ablative lasers and the IPL systems are aimed to avoid the undesirable development (such as pain, bruising, and redness) following laser ablative resurfacing, but these systems are still quite expensive and therapist-intensive. As a result the patient responses have been unsatisfactory. Trelles et al. [15] suggest that no single modality can accomplish all the complex events required for effective skin rejuvenation. The combination phototherapy that uses different modalities in various combinations at sub-ablative thresholds should have better results. Therefore, the entry of blue and infrared tunable plasma light and LEDs into the skin rejuvenation arena has attracted attention.Lubart et al. [16] propose a photo rejuvenation mechanism based on light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. They irradiate collagen in vitro with a broadband of visible light (400–800 nm, 24–72 J/cm2) and have found that the irradiated collagen results in the formation of hydroxyl radicals. These researchers suggest that visible light at the energy doses used for skin rejuvenation (20–30 J/cm2) produces high amounts of ROS, which destroy old collagen ﬁbers, encouraging the formation of new ones. While at inner depths of the skin, where the light intensity is much weaker, low amounts of ROS are formed, which are well known to stimulate ﬁbroblast production. Trelles [17] have suggested that LED therapy represents a potential approach in anti-aging prevention. He has proposed to apply prevention to subjects in their very early 20 s before the appearance of ﬁne lines. The prevention can be achieved via irradiating low level photo energy with speciﬁc wavelengths that, based on the photobiological ﬁndings, can stimulate both epidermal and dermal cells. He has also reported that the LEDs from the NASA Space Medicine Program can enhance action potentials of the skin cells and increases in local blood and lymphatic ﬂow in a non-invasive, athermal manner. His conclusion is that LED-based systems can be less-expensive but clinically useful light source against photoaging. 3. Other biomedical applications LED-based biomedical systems are also proved to be effective in the areas, which are described as follows: Actinic keratosis: Actinic keratosis (AK), or solar keratosis, is a precancerous condition of thick, scaly, or crusty patches of skin associated with those who are frequently exposed to the sun. Babilas et al. [18] have conducted a controlled split-face study to evaluate the LED-based photodynamic therapy (PDT). They have
administered topical PDT to 17 patients whose AK is symmetrically distributed and suitable for a two-side comparison. After a necessary pretreatment, the AK is irradiated with incoherent lamp (160 mW/cm2; 100 J/cm2) on one side and LEDs (120 mW/ cm2; 40 J/cm2) on the other. The results, after up to 6 months of follow-up evaluation, show that the AK reduction rates via both treatments have no signiﬁcant difference (78.5% for LED vs. 80.3% for incoherent lamp). Also, there has not been signiﬁcant difference between both treatments regarding the pain, cosmetic results, and patient satisfaction. The research suggests that LED-based PDT is a safe and effective alternative to incoherent light systems for the treatment of atinic keratoses. Allergic rhinitis: Neuman and Finkelstein [19] have assessed the therapeutic effect of low-energy narrow-band red light (660 nm) phototherapy on nasal clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis in a double-blind randomized prospective study. After reviewing the effectiveness of diode laser illumination, these researchers decided to investigate the effects of a 660-nm LED on patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. Fifty allergic rhinitis patients received intranasal illumination for 4.4 min three times a day (total dose 6 J/ day) for 14 days. Twenty-nine rhinitis patients received equivalent sham illumination as placebo. As compared with 24% in the placebo group, 72% of the allergic rhinitis patients have reported improvement of symptoms following the treatment. The differences have been signiﬁcant. Same treatment has been applied to 10 nasal polyposis patients but no improvement was obtained in any of the patients. The study have lead to a conclusion that allergic rhinitis not complicated by polyps or chronic sinusitis can be effectively treated by narrow-band red light illumination of the nasal mucosa at 660 nm. Anti-inﬂammatory: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) prostaglandin E2 protects cells against cell injury in speciﬁc pathophysiological situations such as inﬂammation and oxidative stress. Some clinic studies report that irradiation of certain wavelength has anti-inﬂammatory effects during wound healing. Lim et al. [20] have investigated the anti-inﬂammatory mechanism of the red LED irradiation. The results show that 635 nm irradiation inhibits the expression of COX and prostaglandin E2 releases and appears to be useful as an anti-inﬂammatory tool. Dental application: The clinical performance of light polymerized dental composites is greatly inﬂuenced by the quality of the light-curing unit (LCU) used. The light outputs of halogen LCUs decrease with time. This may result in low degree of monomer conversion of the composites. The irradiance of LED LCUs is relatively low, yet their efﬁciency is close to that of the halogen LCUs of twice the irradiance. Studies have shown that blue light LED LCUs tend to polymerize dental composites without the above light decreasing drawbacks. Stahl et al. [21] have investigated the ﬂexural properties of three different composites with three different shades, which were polymerized with either a commercial halogen LCU or an LED LCU, respectively. In most cases there have not been any signiﬁcant differences in ﬂexural strength and modulus between composites polymerized with the two kinds of LCUs. Jaundice newborns: Newborn jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and other tissues of a newborn infant. Cremer et al. [22] ﬁrst demonstrated that such symptom of some new born infants could be reduced by exposure to sunlight or artiﬁcial blue light. Lucey et al. [23] conducted a controlled clinical experiment among 111 premature infants to test the effectiveness of artiﬁcial light in preventing newborn jaundice. The control and treated groups were comparable regarding birth weight, gestational age, ﬂuid intake, and weight loss. Infants, from 12 to 144 h of age, who need the treatment were placed in full spectrum light or blue light (450 nm) for an 8-day treatment. The results show a statistically signiﬁcant difference between the control (58 infants) and treated (53 infants)
groups. The study conducted in the incubators that consist of some daylight bulbs indicates that light treatment is a safe and simple method ideal for elimination of bilirubin in the newborn infant. Vreman et al. [24] have patented a phototherapy garment containing surface-mounted LEDs suitable for the treatment of newborn jaundice. The LEDs are arranged in a densely packed array facing the liner and emit uniform, high-intensity light. An infant who needs phototherapy can be placed inside the garment to receive uniform high-intensity blue light on a large portion of the skin. Thanks to LEDs, the size of treatment device of newborn jaundice has gone from a sizable incubator to a cozy wrap-around garment. Mucositis: Mucositis, a dose-limiting complication of cancer treatment, may disturb treatment plan and can lead to serious, and sometimes, life threatening consequences. Low level lasers have been used for oral mucositis prevention and management with good results. Lang-Bicudo et al. [25] have evaluated the effectiveness of oral mucositis prevention in a cancer patient via phototherapy using LEDs. In their study, a 34-year-old man received intraoral irradiation with an infrared LED array (880 nm, 3.6 J/cm2, 74 mW) for 5 consecutive days starting on chemotherapy day 1. The patient has not developed any oral mucositis during the ﬁve chemotherapy cycles and has had no pain symptoms. This result indicates that LED therapy is a safe and effective method for oral mucositis prevention. Rheumatoid arthritis: McDonald [26] has conducted a study in which she instructed 60 female rheumatoid arthritis patients to place their hands into a box to be exposed in blue light for up to 15 min. Most subjects have experienced a pain relief after the exposure. McDonald has concluded that the pain relief is due to the blue light and the length of time exposed. The longer the exposure is, the greater the chance of pain relief. While the light source used in this 1982 study is not speciﬁed, there is no reason to rule out that blue light LED will have similar treatment effect. Hart and Malak [27] have patented a therapeutic light source for the treatment of arthritis or joint inﬂammation. The device includes a set of 350 to 1000 nm LEDs and ﬁber optic connections for treating and reducing inﬂammation and edema both internal and external, to joints, muscles, nerves, and skin tissues of the subject. The device can be worn in contact with the skin and surrounding the areas of inﬂammation, edema, neural, and muscular damage over short and long periods of time. Venous ulcer: Caetano et al. [28] have used a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study to compare a total of 20 patients divided into three groups to test the hypothesis that LED phototherapy with combined 660- and 890-nm light will promote healing of venous. The study has conﬁrmed that phototherapy promotes healing of chronic venous ulcers, particularly large recalcitrant ulcers that do not respond to conventional treatment. Other areas: Whelan et al. [29] have used LEDs with lightactivated chemotherapeutic drugs to support that LED-technology is biologically optimal for PDT of cancer. These researchers reported that LED-technology developed for NASA plant growth experiments in space shows promise for delivering light deep into tissues to promote wound healing and tissue growth. The light therapy using these NASA LEDs signiﬁcantly improves the medical care for astronauts on space missions. They also present the results of LED treatment of cells grown in culture and the effects of LEDs on patients’ chronic and acute wounds. Their researches have other contributions that include (1) improving wound healing in laboratory animals by using LED light along with high-pressure oxygen; (2) improving over 40% in human musculoskeletal training injuries and decreasing wound healing time; (3) increasing in vitro animal cell growth to 140–200%; (4) increasing normal human epithelial cells growth to 155–171%; (5) producing a 47% pain reduction in children suffering from oral mucositis; and (6)
N.G. Yeh et al. / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 2161–2166 Table 1 Some common types of LEDs (as compiled from [1,32–34]) and their potential use for medical treatments. Color Infrared Far red/near infrared Red Red Red Orange-red Orange Yellow-orange Yellow Yellow Yellow Green Green Green Blue Blue Peak wavelength (nm) >760 730 700 660 650 630 610 590–610 590 585 570–590 565 530–555 500–570 450–500 450 Material and structure GaAs, AlGaAs GaAs GaP:Zn–O GaAl0.35As0.65 GaAs0.6P0.4 GaAs0.35P0.65:N GaAs0.25P0.75:N AlGaInP GaAs0.15P0.85:N GaAs0.14P0.86:N GaAsP, AlGaInP GaP:N AlGaInN InGaN, AlGaInP, AlGaP ZnSe, InGaN GaN Substrate – GaP GaP GaAs GaAs GaP GaP GaP GaP GaAs GaP GaP GaN GaN SiC SiC Suitable for
Oral mucositis prevention and management (880 mm) [25] Mucositis prevention, wound healing, and tissue repair [9] Low level light therapy (630–1000 mm) [4] Allergic rhinitis treatment [20], incision recovering [11], venous ulcer treatment [28], wound healing [8] Wound healing [11] Acne treatment [14], anti-inﬂammatory/wound healing [10,21] – – – – – – – – Treatment of seasonal affective disorder [3], dental composite polymerization [22], treatment of rheumatoid arthritis [26,27] Water puriﬁcation, biomedical researches [35–37]
Ultraviolet Ultraviolet
400 210–400
AlGaN AlGaInN
AlN Diamond(C)
quintupling DNA synthesis in ﬁbroblasts and muscle cells in one application using the combination of 680, 730 and 880 nm LED. 4. Conclusion Besides being used for the treatments of rhinitis, arthritis, jaundice, etc. LEDs are used for the relief of stress, seasonal affective disorder, and biological clock disorders; not to mention that LEDs are thriving in the ﬁeld of low intensity photo rejuvenation. The LED-based PDT has even been expanded to cancer treatments [30]. LEDs allow the adjustment of light intensity. They have the ability to produce high light levels with low radiant heat output and maintain useful light output for years. LED-based systems can provide a homogenous light dose in optimal intensity. While lasers provide tissue stimulations which increase cellular activity during wound healing, they have limitation in wavelengths. It is difﬁcult for lasers to produce the efﬁcient wavelength combination optimal for wound healing. The size of wounds that may be treated by the small beam width of laser is also limited. In contrast, LEDs allow the control of spectral composition and can be arranged in ﬂat arrays of all sizes for the treatment of small or large areas. LEDs offer an effective alternative to conventional light sources also for the following reasons: 1. Using LED array light source for medical devices is much more economical than using IPL or laser sources. LEDs are highly durable and thus are less-expensive in the long term. Their compact and light design and the resulting lower weight make the use of LED systems simpler. 2. Solid-state high efﬁciency LED is safer to use than the traditional gas laser. The energy level of LED is low. When used in medical treatment, LED-based systems do not need a high voltage power supply as required in laser-based ones. When required, LEDbased devices are more easily to be made self-contained. They can be continuously operated with a battery pack for a longer period. For any medical treatment equipment, especially those used in the remote areas where no modern utilities are readily available, this is an attractive feature. 3. While many of the wavelength segments are not yet available in semiconductor laser, wavelengths generated from LEDs have covered partial ultraviolet, near infrared, and almost all the visible bands.
4. LEDs produce less heat than high-pressure lamps and thus the hyperthermic effects that can be induced by high-intensity light sources are avoided. As a result, LEDs can be placed in a closer range from the treatment areas than other light sources so there will be less distance to diminish the intensity required. This accounts for more energy saving. 5. Their relatively narrow emission spectrum of LED systems can be optimally tuned so as to correspond to the treatment requirement and thus eliminates wavelengths not needed for the therapy. As a result, the irradiation time required for treatment is much shorter than with incoherent light sources. The studies reviewed in this paper indicate that LEDs have opened up new prospects as an effective light source of phototherapy and medical treatment as they have in indoor agriculture. One thing noteworthy is that the wavelengths proved to be effective are centralized in red, blue, and infrared segments (see Table 1) for both agricultural production and medical treatment. It is safe to say that the researches about the biomedical effect of other wavelengths (i.e. orange, yellow, and green) may lead to additional discoveries. As the LED-manufacturing related patents issued since 1990 will expire starting from 2010 [31], LED-manufacturers who hold patents may expand their license deals with other companies to make full use of those patents before the expiration date. These manufacturers may also develop new patent technology to produce new products that can boost the LED industry. All these lead to lower LED costs and more LED varieties. Therefore, LEDbased applications, along with phototherapy, are setting out for a superior outlook in the years to come as LED becomes more qualiﬁed to replace its more energy demanding counterparts. Acknowledgement This study is supported by grant from National Science Council of Taiwan under the contract No. NSC: 98-2313-B-451-001-MY3. References
[1] Yeh N, Chung J-P. High-brightness LEDs—energy efﬁcient lighting sources and their potential in indoor plant cultivation. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2009;13:2175–80. [2] Lewy AJ, Leﬂer BJ, Emens JS, Bauer VK. The circadian basis of winter depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103(May):7414–9.
N.G. Yeh et al. / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 2161–2166 [19] Neuman I, Finkelstein Y. Narrow-band red light phototherapy in perennial allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78(April):399–406. [20] Lim W, Lee S, Kim I, Chung M, Kim M, Lim H, et al. The anti-inﬂammatory mechanism of 635 nm lightemitting-diode irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors. Lasers Surg Med 2007;3(August):614–21. [21] Stahl F, Ashworth SH, Jandt KD, Mills RW. Light-emitting diode (LED) polymerisation of dental composites: ﬂexural properties and polymerisation potential. Biomaterials 2000;21(July):1379–85. [22] Cremer RJ, Perryman PW, Richards DH. Inﬂuence of light on the hyperbilirubinaemia of infants. Lancet 1958;1(May):1094–7. [23] Lucey J, Ferriero M, Hewitt J. Prevention of hyperbilirubinemia of prematurity by phototherapy. Pediatrics 1968;41(June):1047–54. [24] Vreman HJ, Seidman DS, Stevenson DK. Phototherapy of jaundiced newborns using garments containing semiconductor light-emitting devices, US Patent 6,596,016; 2003. [25] Lang-Bicudo L, Eduardo Fde P, Eduardo Cde P, Zezell DM. LED phototherapy to prevent mucositis: a case report. Photomed Laser Surg 2008;26(December):609–13. [26] McDonald SF. Effect of visible light waves on arthritis pain: a controlled study. Int J of Biosocial Research 1982;3(2):49–54. [27] Hart, BM, Malak H. Joint/tissue inﬂammation therapy and monitoring device(s) JITMon device. US Patent no.: US20030167080A1; 2003. [28] Caetano KS, Frade MA, Minatel DG, Santana LA, Enwemeka CS. Phototherapy improves healing of chronic venous ulcers. Photomed Laser Surg )2009;(January). [29] Whelan HT, Buchmann EV, Whelan NT, Turner SG, Cevenini V, Stinson H, et al. NASA light emitting diode medical applications from deep space to deep sea. In: Space Technology and Applications International Forum-2001, vol. 552. 2001. p. 35–45. [30] Araujo AHPC, Da Silva N, Moraes K. Cellular and molecular studies of the initial process of the photodynamic therapy in HEp-2 cells using LED light source and two different photosensitizers. Cell Biol Int 2009;33:785–95. [31] LEDinside News, Many patents will expire in 2010, LED market would be reformed; 2008. ´ B. LEDs move into the ultraviolet; 2006. [32] Dume [33] Wetzel C, Detchprohm T, Hanser D, Preble E. Closing the ‘‘Green Gap’’ in LED materials. In: Presented in US DOE Solid Stante Lighting R&D Workshop; 2009. [34] Nishida T, Ban T, Saito H, Makimoto T. High current injection to a UV-LED grown on a bulk AlN substrate. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 2004;798. [35] Kaidbey KH, Kligman AM. Sunburn protection by longwave ultraviolet radiation-induced pigmentation. Arch Dermatol 1978;114(January):46–8. [36] Mills OH, Kligman AM. Ultraviolet phototherapy and photochemotherapy of acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1978;114(February):221–3. [37] Kaidbey KH, Kligman AM. The acute effects of long-wave ultraviolet radiation on human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1979;72(May):253–6.
[3] Glickman GBB, Pineda C, Hauck WW, Brainard GC. Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder with blue narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Biol Psychiatry 2006;59:502–7. [4] Corazza AV, Jorge J, Kurachi C, Bagnato VS. Photobiomodulation on the angiogenesis of skin wounds in rats using different light sources. Photomed Laser Surg 2007;April (25):102–6. [5] Erdle BJ, Brouxhon S, Kaplan M, Vanbuskirk J, Pentland AP. Effects of continuous-wave (670-nm) red light on wound healing. Dermatol Surg 2008;March (34):320–5. [6] Whelan HT, Buchmann EV, Dhokalia A, Kane MP, Whelan NT, Wong-Riley MTT, et al. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on molecular changes for wound healing in diabetic mice. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2003;21(April):67–74. [7] Whelan HT, Smits Jr RL, Buchman EV, Whelan NT, Turner SG, Margolis DA, et al. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2001;19(December):305–14. [8] Whelan HT, Wong-Riley MTT, Eells JT, VerHoeve JN, Das R, Jett M. DARPA soldier self care: rapid healing of laser eye injuries with light emitting diode technology. RTO MP HFM 2004;109:19–37. [9] Desmet KD, Paz DA, Corry JJ, Eells JT, Wong-Riley MTT, et al. Clinical and experimental applications of NIR-LED photobiomodulation. Photomed Laser Surg 2006;24(Apr):121–8. [10] Trelles MA, Allones I. Red light-emitting diode (LED) therapy accelerates wound healing post-blepharoplasty and periocular laser ablative resurfacing. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2006;8(April):39–42. [11] Agnol MAD, Nicolau RA, Lima CJD, Munin E. Comparative analysis of coherent light action (laser) versus non-coherent light (light-emitting diode) for tissue repair in diabetic rats. Lasers Med Sci 2009. [12] Sigurdsson V, Knulst AC, van Weelden H. Phototherapy of acne vulgaris with visible light. Dermatology 1997;194:256–60. [13] Papageorgiou P, Katsambas A, Chu A. Phototherapy with blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2000;142(May):973–8. [14] Lee SY, You CE, Park MY. Blue and red light combination LED phototherapy for acne vulgaris in patients with skin phototype IV. Lasers Surg Med 2007;39(February):180–8. [15] Trelles MA, Mordon S, Calderhead RG. Facial rejuvenation and light: our personal experience. Lasers Med Sci 2007;22(June):93–9. [16] Lubart R, Friedmann H, Lavie R, Longo L, Jacobi J, Baruchin O, et al. A reasonable mechanism for visible lightinduced skin rejuvenation. Lasers Med Sci 2007;22(March):1–3. [17] Trelles MA. Phototherapy in anti-aging and its photobiologic basics: a new approach to skin rejuvenation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2006;5(March):87–91. [18] Babilas PTR, Werner A, Landthaler M, Szeimies RM. Split-face-study using two different light sources for topical PDT of actinic keratoses: non-inferiority of the LED system. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2008;6(January (1)):25–32. Epub 2007 Nov. 9 English, German. PMID: 17995967 [PubMet-indexed for MEDLINE].
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The End of Everything eBook: Megan Abbott: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store
Kindle StoreFree Reading AppsBuy A KindleKindle BooksKindle SinglesKindle Daily DealsNewsstandAccessoriesRefurbished KindleDiscussionsManage Your KindleKindle Support Start reading The End of Everything on your Kindle in under a minute. Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here or start reading now with a free Kindle Reading App.
The End of Everything [Kindle Edition]
B007WTR8NY,B00IXLVXS6,B009IROW2I,B004PGMHKG,B004I6D630,B002RI9GLC,B00JWOJ8LM,B00GLGXN9W,B002RI9GFI,B006UK6G84,B007WTQZ8S,B00GFH9DOQ,B0098MEMNC,B004OEIHQW,B0061RRJU0,B005685ELQ,B004R1Q1OW,B00545QGEA,B00IA4C9WK,B00APDABX8,B00BLVSYA0,B00HRXQ15Q,B0042JSNNG,B004E9SYNI,B00CP4I4HK,B002RI9XEW,B00I9H9XK4,B00EZTLN62,B00G8SVBQU,B00EJ7AO8I,B003TSD9TO,B00JS6WRYY,B00GMNZ1AS,B002RI9R5C,B004YE6O08,B00K9UYLR4,B00IJGHMVC,B004CRT6CA,B003S3R81A,B00I7VVZAI,B00F0LV2OW,B00JOBTONK,B0074AGMHY,B002VM7G0C,B00DCTVDA2,B007ZDDOWQ,B00A61ZV3O,B00H4E7Y04,B00HVBK0CY,B00DAJ5AEY,B00I7BUF0O,B0071MAZQE,B00DTWHTPA,B00BVTZ7QG,B0031RSACE,B00DP220YY,B00835RN2W,B003TSE8G2,B0054ZBZ00,B00HR2KE32,B00BLVSYFK,B00BFTT056,B00DY37OXG,B004K6M9KY,B006CUXQZ8,B00ALKTTWO,B007D15LIU,B00844Y5R8,B006QPVKZW,B00B2FLDRQ,B00IXLVXK4,B00ANO510W,B00B6OV90E,B00BLVSYYG,B00BLVSY8M,B006HAPWYG,B002U3CCKQ,B00BLVSYS2,B00ITVYYKE,B00G8SVB9C,B00DNZY79Y,B00JEN1TYA,B007TNY0DY,B0061FOSII,B00G4PVITW,B005HN30WA,B00B8TBVMI,B00IO4L60W,B0042JSM4Q,B00BPWMY6K,B008WVVKCQ,B006H7AAM8,B00CBWRYD6,B009YBTU6Q,B00CW0G90Q,B004VEOJLM,B00BQ4NLC8,B004PYDB7Q,B006WB7HF2
'The End of Everything is already being compared to The Virgin Suicides (and, for once, rightly so) . . . dreamy, shimmering . . . Enthralling.' --Book of the Summer in Marie Claire
Page Numbers Source ISBN: 0316097799
Publisher: Picador (19 Aug 2011)
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: #8,621 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
#70 in Books > Crime, Thrillers & Mystery > Psychological
#88 in Kindle Store > Books > Literature & Fiction > Historical Fiction > Mystery, Thriller & Suspense
Dare Me by Megan Abbott Kindle Edition
Guilty Secret.... I liked this...
(What's this?) I'm quite surprised to say that... I really enjoyed this story. When I selected it, it was really so I could read something that my wife might enjoy as well as myself... however, I could not put it down, I had to read it right until the conclusion.The story begins rather slowly, it builds layers and fully flushes out each character. It loads the story with weight and suspense, which if you don't have a little patience you'll not enjoy, but then in the resolution of the story the flood gates open, the plot unfolds at a real explosive pace.Some of the language employed is strong, some of the language may, for the moderate middle England reader maybe too strong. But on the whole the story is told, and is about a delicate subject (child abuse at its core).I read the story in the evening, in bed and it left me unable to stop turning pages.
Format:Paperback "The End of Everything" has a fairly straightforward plot - the probable abduction of thirteen year old Evie Verver and the effects this has upon her family and especially, her best friend, Lizzie. However, this simple plot-line is the vehicle for the exploration of some complex ideas: the awakening sexuality of young girls and their attraction for older men; sibling rivalry; father/daughter relationships; obsession.Although the ingredients for an absorbing read were all there, I found this novel to be irritating. I caught myself wishing that the author would "get on with it", as she described Lizzie's thoughts yet again. I also felt that Lizzie's inner voice was not that of a thirteen year old, but an older person describing these thoughts - a minor detail, maybe, but one that grated.On the whole, for me, this was a disappointing read.
Uncomfortable but engrossing
(What's this?) Written in the first person, we see the story unfold through the eyes of 13-year-old Lizzie. Evie and Lizzie have been friends for ever in that close, intimate way that only happens in childhood where every secret and emotion is shared. Now, however, Evie has disappeared and Lizzie is trying to make sense of her feelings of loss, her suspicions that Evie may have been hiding something and her relationships with Evie's family who have been her second family for so long.This book is an examination of that difficult time when childhood and adolescence meet. Lizzie is experiencing her first feelings of sexual desire and is trying to understand and deal with this. Being 13 is a long time ago for me now, but Lizzie took me back to that turmoil of emotions, that clash of innocence and knowingness, that combined sense of anticipation and apprehension of a new phase of life, and it seemed to me that the author had caught this incredibly accurately. Through Lizzie, she talks about the physical changes, the private fantasies, the struggle to understand the motivations of adults and to be accepted by them in a new way, the secrets and stresses within families.The book is tautly written and relatively short at around 250 pages. I found it an uncomfortable but engrossing read, covering aspects of pubescent sexuality that we sometimes like to pretend don't exist. Suspenseful to the end and with a pervading atmosphere of dread, I shared with Lizzie a need not just to know what had happened to Evie, but to understand. This is not a book I will soon forget - I highly recommend it to anyone who was once a 13-year-old girl, though I'd love to see some male reviews too.
(What's this?) Lizzie and Evie are best friends. Both are on the cusp of adulthood. They are always together. They share everything: their hopes, fears, bodily changes, school work and even their clothes. Closeness doesn't come into it.But when one hot summer's day, Evie goes missing everything Lizzie thought she knew is destroyed. She thinks she knows what has happened and in some ways she is right but her idea of truth is neither what others see nor is it the real truth. Truth is a complex commodity. In fact, Lizzie sees everything in every detail but she is na�ve and confused in her own feelings to understand what it is she sees.I have read many stories about the dark undercurrents of Middle America and of young girls coming of age but never one that is so subtly clever without calling attention to its cleverness. I do think, however, it's a mistake to liken it to The Lovely Bones because this is a far, far better novel. It lacks its gaucheness, its sensationalism or gruesomeness. Yes, gruesome things happen but what is most frightening are the small things such as Mr Verver's hand hovering above Dusty's stomach in the moonlight. Now that's scary.This is an impressive novel, so light in its touch, so sure of its effects. This is the first novel I have read by Megan Abbott but it certainly won't be the last.
Dark and Disturbing !
Format:Paperback To be honest, I picked this up as it was a previous Richard and Judy Book club choice. I've not been disappointed with their selections in the past , but I was with this one. Thankfully, the book is only 246 pages long so a relatively quick read but to be honest I did have to make myself pick it up and finish it. I was intrigued about what had happened to Evie , not a pleasant outcome but on the whole,there are some very strange relationships going on in this book ! Not a particularly comfortable read !!
Captivating This was a very good read, I like the fact that the story was told without being graphic and was left to the readers imagination.
Published 1 month ago by carol suckram
Nearly there This is a really good story involving young girls growing awareness of their sexuality and their relationships with boys, men and fathers. Read more
A gripping read I couldn't put the book down! The ending wasn't as good as the potential of the rest of the book however.
Published 6 months ago by EFVS
not the best book It was hard to be gripped by the book. I still think there is more to know. Not my cup of tea
Published 10 months ago by Elizabeth Bogunovic
The end of everything Very good read! Get lost in the book! Would highly recommend to anyone! Can get confusing at the end but overall a must read!
Published 10 months ago by Georgina Randall
Over-written and depressing Initially, the plot seems intriguing- a 13 year old goes missing, and her best friend attempts to discover the truth, alongside her own sexual maturity. Read more
Published 10 months ago by minimabel
Disappointing It really just didn't come together for me. There was no connection to the characters and the story line was thin and amounts to little.
Published 11 months ago by DeJayne
Beautiful, poignant story Heart breakingly beautiful story of teenage girls growing up together, in the glow of one man's adoration.So beautifully written, I couldn't put it down. Highly recommended.
Published 11 months ago by shewalla
The end of everything The writing style if this book is somewhat different from books I have read before, the style is quite unique and needs a lot of attention. Read more
Published 12 months ago by Rachel Brown
Did my head in Didn't like this book at all the way it was written was creepy and disconcerting and confusing, if that's the idea it worked but I got no pleasure from reading it and would not... Read more
Published 12 months ago by Nimma
I�ve come to feel that deep sorrow and the longing for lost things is the most beautiful thing ever.
�Like something had to break. It could only go on for so long, before something had to break.�
4.1 out of 5 stars (2,556) �2.99
4.8 out of 5 stars (4,233) �3.32
4.1 out of 5 stars (322) �5.49
3.2 out of 5 stars (54) �3.49
4.5 out of 5 stars (1,218) �2.99

value: Amazon.com, Inc. ( AM-ə-zon) is an American multinational conglomerate which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.


text:
The IPKat: Monaco "devoid of distinctive character", rules EU court
Monaco "devoid of distinctive character", rules EU court
Monegasque stamps take some licking ...
Judgment was delivered today by the General Court in Case T-197/13
Monaco v OHIM (not yet available in English, though you can enjoy it in Maltese, Croatian or Estonian if you like). The result must have disappointed the brand-sensitive denizens of the sunny, cash-bound Principality, whose devotion to the exclusive use of the Monaco-based geographical location "Monte Carlo" has been ridiculed in this weblog here and here. Anyway, in the absence of an authentic English text, this Kat brings you the Curia media release (it's not that often these days that a mere General Court IP decision will get the full Curia media release treatment), with a few additions and comments of his own:
The Principality of Monaco cannot benefit from the protection of the trade mark
MONACO in the EU in respect of certain goods and services
The word ‘MONACO’ designates the origin or geographical destination of the goods and services
concerned and is devoid of distinctive character In 2010, the government of the Principality of Monaco was granted, by the World Intellectual
Property Organisation (WIPO), an international registration covering the territory of the EU. That
registration, which was based on the word mark MONACO, was transferred to the Office for
Harmonisation in the Internal Market (OHIM) to be processed.
In 2013, OHIM refused protection of the trade mark in the EU in respect of some of the goods and
services applied for [these turn out to be "magnetic data carriers, paper and cardboard goods not included in other
classes, printed matter, photographs, transport, travel arrangement, entertainment, sporting activities and temporary
accommodation"]. OHIM based its refusal on the descriptive character of the mark, in so far as
the word ‘monaco’ designated the territory of the same name and could, therefore, be understood
in any of the EU’s official languages as designating the origin or geographical destination of the
goods and services concerned. OHIM further considered that the mark at issue was clearly devoid
of distinctive character. Les Marques de l’État de Monaco (MEM), a Monegasque public-limited
company which succeeded the government of the Principality of Monaco as the proprietor of the
trade mark, contests OHIM’s decision before the General Court and seeks the annulment of that
By today’s judgment, the General Court dismisses the application and upholds OHIM’s
The General Court points out, first of all, that under EU law [ie the Community Trade Mark Regulation], any legal entity, including a public
law entity, may apply to benefit from the protection of the Community trade mark. This is, of
course, true for companies based in the territory of a State which is not a member of the EU, but
also for the non-member States themselves, since those States are, within the meaning of
EU law, public law entities. As a result, when the Principality of Monaco formulated its request to
have the EU designated for the international registration of the trade mark at issue, it placed itself
within the scope of application of EU law and, therefore, one of the absolute grounds for refusal
could be relied upon against it. In other words, the Principality of Monaco sought to benefit from the
application of EU law and, therefore, became subject to its rules, without being able to rely on its
entitlement in principle to be the proprietor of the trade mark MONACO [quite right too, says Merpel, who is pleased to see that Monaco is subject to the application of EU law even if the European Patent Office isn't].
Monaco's legal teamprepare to appeal ...
Moreover, the General Court observes that the word ‘monaco’ corresponds to the name of a
globally-known principality, not least due to the renown of its royal family, its organisation of a
Formula 1 Grand Prix and its organisation of a circus festival. Knowledge of the Principality of
Monaco is even more established amongst EU citizens, notably on account of its borders with a
Member State (France), its proximity to another Member State (Italy) and its use of the same
currency as 19 of the 28 Member States, the Euro. There is therefore no doubt that the word
‘monaco’ will evoke, regardless of the linguistic background of the relevant public, the
geographic territory of the same name [er, no, says the IPKat: for some innocent souls the word 'monaco' evokes a sun-drenched stretch of Mediterranean coastline that goes by the confusingly similar name of Morocco]. In addition, the General Court notes that OHIM correctly
defined the relevant public (namely citizens of the EU [Phew! Glad they didn't get that one wrong ...]) and correctly attributed to that public, in
respect of the goods and services concerned, either an average or high degree of attentiveness.
According to the General Court, OHIM was also correct to find that the word ‘monaco’ could be
used, in trade, to designate origin, geographical destination or the place of supply of
services, so that the trade mark has, in respect of the goods and services concerned, a
descriptive character. Furthermore, as a descriptive mark is necessarily devoid of distinctive
character, the General Court holds that the trade mark MONACO is devoid of distinctive
The IPKat is absolutely certain that this decision will be appealed to the Court of Justice. The appellant is made of money (the words "money" and "monagesque" even share the first five letters), it doesn't even cost that much to appeal, and the odds on the Court of Justice slipping up and reversing this decision -- which looks pretty good even in Croatian -- are probably worth a gamble.
distinctive character,
As he walks from court, in robes of redAnd an independent airYou can hear the lawyers swearThat it really wasn’t fairYou can hear them sigh and wish he’d dieThey would love to punch him in the eyeHe’s the man who took the mark from Monte Carlo
Thursday, 15 January 2015 at 15:00:00 GMT
5 letters?And who attributes to the entire EU public "an average OR ABOVE AVERAGE degree of attentiveness". Surely, when the whole population is considered, nothing other than an average degree of attentiveness can be assumed!
Thursday, 15 January 2015 at 16:46:00 GMT
I think it's a safe assumption that the average consumer has a higher degree of attentiveness than the average European. Those outliers with exceptional attentiveness will still consume, while those with exceptionally low attentiveness will tend to be sufficiently unsuccessful as to not have the funds to consume.
Monday, 19 January 2015 at 11:29:00 GMT


text:
Waiariki Provides Training For One Sawmill Shift | Scoop News
Scoop >> Education Tweet Waiariki Provides Training For One Sawmill Shift
Wednesday, 23 July 2003, 9:59 am
Waiariki Provides Training For One Entire Sawmill
ShiftIn what could be a first within New Zealand's
forestry sector, the Waiariki Institute of Technology's
School of Forestry and Wood Processing is providing training
for the entire second shift of a North Island
sawmill.Twenty four personnel from Kiwi Lumber's
Dannevirke sawmill are part-way through a 12-week
block-course which sees them training for eight consecutive
weeks at Waiariki, Rotorua, and a further four in their
employer's sawmill. The training, which is to NZQA Unit
standard, is a combination of hands-on practical training
and theory.Kiwi Lumber, which has sawmills in both
Dannevirke and Putaruru, has often used Waiariki for
upskilling its personnel in the past - including unit-based
training for its staff under the old Waiariki structure.
However, this is the most comprehensive course yet and the
first time the company has committed an entire shift to
training.Trainees travel to Rotorua each week and spend
nearly five full days from Monday to Friday at
Waiariki.The present course includes hands-on training at
Waiariki Sawmill under Waiariki and Kiwi Lumber trainers.
All seven Waiariki Sawmill staff are involved in the
training which covers all aspects of sawmill
operation.Kiwi Lumber's Dannevirke manager, Paul
McCreedy, says the training provided by Waiariki is proving
very successful."We've been involved with Waiariki long
enough to appreciate the effectiveness of their training,"
he says. "The present block course looks like it will be a
McCreedy says with 110 staff between two
sawmills, and a further 20 to be added, training is an
ongoing priority for Kiwi Lumber. "We consider training is
essential to our operation, as it is to the whole forestry
sector."Waiariki's academic director and acting head of
the School of Forestry and Wood Processing, Gary Dender,
says the training module in place provides good
opportunities for the school and for Kiwi Lumber."The
present course allows us to demonstrate to industry that our
training systems are effective and that we can accommodate
large numbers of trainees at one time," he says."It also
enables Kiwi Lumber to train and upskill an entire shift
through intensive training over a relatively short period of
time."Dender says the training is going well - "and so it
should: after all, training is our core business." © Scoop Media

value: Scoop.it is a content marketing software company based in San Francisco, California. The company operates the Scoop.it platform, a content curation service, and markets its content marketing software to businesses.


text:
TechNet Library Office Products Exchange Exchange Server 2013 Exchange Management Shell Exchange 2013 cmdlets Client Access cmdlets Test-ActiveSyncConnectivity Clear-ActiveSyncDevice Get-ActiveSyncDevice Remove-ActiveSyncDevice Get-ActiveSyncDeviceAccessRule New-ActiveSyncDeviceAccessRule Remove-ActiveSyncDeviceAccessRule Set-ActiveSyncDeviceAccessRule Get-ActiveSyncDeviceAutoblockThreshold Set-ActiveSyncDeviceAutoblockThreshold Get-ActiveSyncDeviceClass Remove-ActiveSyncDeviceClass Get-ActiveSyncDeviceStatistics Export-ActiveSyncLog Get-ActiveSyncMailboxPolicy New-ActiveSyncMailboxPolicy Remove-ActiveSyncMailboxPolicy Set-ActiveSyncMailboxPolicy Get-ActiveSyncOrganizationSettings Set-ActiveSyncOrganizationSettings Get-ActiveSyncVirtualDirectory New-ActiveSyncVirtualDirectory Remove-ActiveSyncVirtualDirectory Set-ActiveSyncVirtualDirectory Get-AuthRedirect New-AuthRedirect Remove-AuthRedirect Set-AuthRedirect Export-AutoDiscoverConfig Get-AutodiscoverVirtualDirectory New-AutodiscoverVirtualDirectory Remove-AutodiscoverVirtualDirectory Set-AutodiscoverVirtualDirectory Test-CalendarConnectivity Get-CASMailbox Set-CASMailbox Get-ClientAccessArray Get-ClientAccessServer Set-ClientAccessServer Test-EcpConnectivity Get-EcpVirtualDirectory New-EcpVirtualDirectory Remove-EcpVirtualDirectory Set-EcpVirtualDirectory Test-ImapConnectivity Get-IMAPSettings Set-ImapSettings Get-MailboxCalendarConfiguration Set-MailboxCalendarConfiguration Get-MailboxMessageConfiguration Set-MailboxMessageConfiguration Get-MailboxRegionalConfiguration Set-MailboxRegionalConfiguration Get-MailboxSpellingConfiguration Set-MailboxSpellingConfiguration Get-MapiVirtualDirectory New-MapiVirtualDirectory Remove-MapiVirtualDirectory Set-MapiVirtualDirectory Clear-MobileDevice Get-MobileDevice Remove-MobileDevice Get-MobileDeviceMailboxPolicy New-MobileDeviceMailboxPolicy Remove-MobileDeviceMailboxPolicy Set-MobileDeviceMailboxPolicy Get-MobileDeviceStatistics Get-OutlookAnywhere Set-OutlookAnywhere Test-OutlookConnectivity Get-OutlookProvider New-OutlookProvider Remove-OutlookProvider Set-OutlookProvider Get-OwaMailboxPolicy New-OwaMailboxPolicy Remove-OwaMailboxPolicy Set-OwaMailboxPolicy Get-OwaVirtualDirectory New-OwaVirtualDirectory Remove-OwaVirtualDirectory Set-OwaVirtualDirectory Test-PopConnectivity Get-POPSettings Set-PopSettings Test-PowerShellConnectivity Get-PowerShellVirtualDirectory New-PowerShellVirtualDirectory Remove-PowerShellVirtualDirectory Set-PowerShellVirtualDirectory Disable-PushNotificationProxy Enable-PushNotificationProxy Get-RpcClientAccess Set-RpcClientAccess Get-SmimeConfig Set-SmimeConfig Clear-TextMessagingAccount Get-TextMessagingAccount Set-TextMessagingAccount Compare-TextMessagingVerificationCode Send-TextMessagingVerificationCode Test-WebServicesConnectivity Get-WebServicesVirtualDirectory New-WebServicesVirtualDirectory Remove-WebServicesVirtualDirectory Set-WebServicesVirtualDirectory Get-ActiveSyncDeviceStatistics
Topic Last Modified: 2014-10-29 This cmdlet is available in on-premises Exchange Server 2013 and in the cloud-based service. Some parameters and settings may be exclusive to one environment or the other. Use the Get-ActiveSyncDeviceStatistics cmdlet to retrieve the list of mobile devices configured to synchronize with a specified user's mailbox and return a list of statistics about the mobile devices. For information about the parameter sets in the Syntax section below, see Syntax. Warning: The Get-ActiveSyncDeviceStatistics cmdlet will be removed in a future version of Exchange. Use the Get-MobileDeviceStatistics cmdlet instead. If you have any scripts that use the Get-ActiveSyncDeviceStatistics cmdlet, update them to use the Get-MobileDeviceStatistics cmdlet.

value: Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation which produces computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.


text:
Colorimetry: Grand Finale #TourAtAGlance Parched by Georgia Clark
Tess is a combination of me, some of my friends, and other YA heroines. I love creating spunky female characters who are brave, but flawed, who are active, emotional but not just boy-crazy. Tess is not a girly-girl, and neither am I. Mel's Shelves - Review
Sixteen-year-old Tess lived in Eden, a seemingly idyllic, domed city where access to information and water is regulated by the governing Trust. After a rogue robot killed her scientist mother, Tess fled with a terrible secret to the desperate, arid Badlands, where she’s recruited by Kudzu, explained to her as a “nonviolent collective working to undermine the Trust and free the Badlands.” Learning Kudzu plans to destroy Aevum, the Trust’s latest advanced robot, Tess reluctantly returns to Eden, where she finds the luxurious life morally unconscionable and secretly trains with Kudzu. Living with her uncle, who’s involved with Aevum, Tess is strangely attracted to his sympathetic assistant, Hunter. During a Kudzu raid on the Trust’s lab, Tess discovers that Aevum will be used to eradicate all inhabitants of the Badlands—and that Hunter’s not what he seems to be. Tess’ first-person, present-tense voice lends chilling immediacy to her no-nonsense story of mixed loyalty, disturbing secrets, and ethical dilemmas associated with diminishing natural resources and scientific experimentation.
Lisa Richards/alterlisaMonday, January 19, 2015 at 6:12:00 PM PSTI'm always on the look for a new dystopian to add to my TBR pileReplyDeleteThe Cao OnlineWednesday, January 21, 2015 at 10:04:00 PM PSTNạp Tiền Viettel và Thẻ Điện Thoại với các loại Mua Card OnlineReplyDeleteBang BangThursday, June 11, 2015 at 11:54:00 PM PDTMình cũng làm về lĩnh vực In to roi thì liên hệ mình nhé , bên bimhf còn cung cấp dịch vụ In card visit giá rẻ và In tui giayvới độ sác nét cao giao hàng nhanh. chúc website ngày càng phát triểnReplyDelete02 TongdaidatveMonday, September 14, 2015 at 7:58:00 PM PDTworks characterized masterpiece ,writers have thought so wonderfulin thùng carton in túi giấyReplyDelete02 TongdaidatveTuesday, September 29, 2015 at 1:52:00 AM PDTCông ty chuyên sản xuất : in thùng Carton 3, 5,7 lớp in offset nhiều màu chất lượng cao, đặc biệt là thùng carton khổ lớn với khổ in offset lên tới ( 1.1 x 1.6 m) khổ lớn xuất khẩuin thùng carton in túi giấy in thung carton in tui-giay thung carton kho lon in túi giấy giá rẻ hcm in thùng carton in túi giấy in hộp giấy in hop giay in hóa đơn in hoa donReplyDeleteAdd commentLoad more...


text:
Hamster Books Blog: Yakiniku at "Gyukaku".I ate the broiled meat by the stores nearby. 近所の牛角にいく。焼き肉はめったにいかない。５年ぶりくらいか。でも、肉は好きだ。前を通るたびにそのうち行きたいとは思っていた。 セットを頼んだ。写真は食い終わりの頃なのでわびしい。豚と鶏肉はじっくり焼いて，牛は生焼けでいいようだ、というか、それは当たり前か。最初はよく説明を見てなかったのでどれもじっくり焼いていた。 牛は体温が高いので、人間にうつるような菌があまり
Yakiniku at "Gyukaku".I ate the broiled meat by the stores nearby. 近所の牛角にいく。焼き肉はめったにいかない。５年ぶりくらいか。でも、肉は好きだ。前を通るたびにそのうち行きたいとは思っていた。 セットを頼んだ。写真は食い終わりの頃なのでわびしい。豚と鶏肉はじっくり焼いて，牛は生焼けでいいようだ、というか、それは当たり前か。最初はよく説明を見てなかったのでどれもじっくり焼いていた。 牛は体温が高いので、人間にうつるような菌があまり
Yakiniku at "Gyukaku".I ate the broiled meat by the stores nearby. 近所の牛角にいく。焼き肉はめったにいかない。５年ぶりくらいか。でも、肉は好きだ。前を通るたびにそのうち行きたいとは思っていた。セットを頼んだ。写真は食い終わりの頃なのでわびしい。豚と鶏肉はじっくり焼いて，牛は生焼けでいいようだ、というか、それは当たり前か。最初はよく説明を見てなかったのでどれもじっくり焼いていた。 牛は体温が高いので、人間にうつるような菌があまりいないのが理由らしい。血圧の低い牛ならうつる可能性があるわけだ。-- Poor Food Galleriy. 貧乏食写真集http://p.tl/h6meHamster Books App Market - Horror Comics http://hamsterbooks.x.fc2.com/english.html 投稿者
The one like sukiyaki. This taste is delicious. Ho...
I boiled the radish. This is very simple. It is a ...
We ate in the nearby dining room. It is a name "Sh...
Bean jam chocolate dumpling. I bought this in the ...
Nam Plaa. 100 yen. It is very cheap. However, it i...
I failed to cook rice in last night. I changed it ...
This food name is "Natto seaweed". This is finishe...
I boiled the cartilage of the eggplant, the onion,...
Ma-po Dou-fu. Japan style. It is considerably diff...
Hayashi stew of pig's cartilage. Hayashi stew is n...
Ham cutlet. I bought this in the supermarket. It i...
Yakiniku at "Gyukaku".I ate the broiled meat by th...
Bad Taste Food! I boiled a cabbage and a tomato. I...
Chow mein. As for this, several hours have passed ...
Pig's Hatsu. Broiled meat. It and vegetable. 昨日の夕食...
At Shimo-Kitazawa. "Saltiness Welsh onion broiled ...
Pasta. Tomato ketchup and parsley. 朝食。昨日の残りのハヤシとパス...
This is dirty. It is wonderful. Boiled bean sprout...
Takenoko on the Rice! Gooood! 竹のこがうまかった。前夜の汁物の具をご飯...
Curry and greens. いい加減に作ったカレーを食う。豚肉ともやしと人参というとてもいい...


text:
4Garrisons: August 2008
So yesterday on my lunch break i went to kmart-and boy am i glad i did!! all the kids summer clothes were on clearance...so i got Gwen some clothes for next summer and a pair of spiderman pj's for Trent for only $6.36 total! Then later that evening we went to wal mart and i hit the dollar rack and got more clothes for Gwen for next summer! i love it! :)
Posted by 4Garrisons at 1:50 PM 3 comments:
Gwen is allergic to Enfamil
Maybe i will try and post things as they happen!
So yesterday Rob had give Gwen a bottle of Enfamil and shortly after she broke out in hives and an awful rash all over her body! I came home from work early and she looked awful! We took her to the doctor and by then she was already looking better...but we came to the conclusion that she just can't tolerate Enfamil-but she had already had Similac in the past. Thought that was weird! She is all better now! that was scarey!
Posted by 4Garrisons at 8:16 AM 2 comments:
I haven't had time to update on here...Trent is growing so fast. he says the funniest things-he reacts just like me over the littlest things. He loves going to the Dollar Store with me. He spends a lot of time outside. The weather has been great. Gwen is so big as well. Trent loves holding her and making her laugh. Gwen is so ready to crawl...she gets on all fours and pushes herself around. I have been giving her cereal on occasion, but nothing serious for another month at least. She does like that cereal though. Hopefully she will be a great eater like Trent-although Trent has gotten a little more picky lately...I try to avoid giving him too many snacks so he is good and hungry to eat anything i give him. Well, work is going well for me-wish i didn't have to be there-Rob should know soon whether he gets school lunch-we are hoping for that. Trent will be 4 in about a month so we are planning his party already. Give me your ideas please!! We can't decide on Dinosaur, Spiderman, or Pirate theme. Trent would be happy with any one. I decided to try something new-For Trent's even numbered birthdays he can have a party and the odd numbers we will do a family thing...so far that has worked out and i decided to make it a tradition. Not sure how we will do it for Gwen though-Maybe i will do it opposite for her or keep it the same. We will only do this until they are 10 or so and then they can decide what they want to do. Ok, i seriously can't think of anything else going on.
Posted by 4Garrisons at 11:55 AM 1 comment:


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