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JP2008224738A - Method for activating information display panel - Google Patents
Method for activating information display panel Download PDF
JP2008224738A
JP2008224738A JP2007058791A JP2007058791A JP2008224738A JP 2008224738 A JP2008224738 A JP 2008224738A JP 2007058791 A JP2007058791 A JP 2007058791A JP 2007058791 A JP2007058791 A JP 2007058791A JP 2008224738 A JP2008224738 A JP 2008224738A
JP2007058791A
巧 齋藤
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for activating an information display panel by which an information display panel capable of preventing the degradation of a contrast ratio over a long period of time and durable for real use for a long period of time can be obtained.
SOLUTION: In the method for activating the information display panel for displaying information of an image or the like by sealing at least one sort or more of display media 3 composed of at least one sort or more of particles and having optical reflectance and chargeability into a space between two opposed substrates 1, 2 at least one of which is transparent and moving the display media by an electric field generated by application of voltage between electrodes 5, 6 provided to the respective substrates, activating processing for moving the display media is performed by applying the voltage between the electrodes while inverting polarity of these electrodes at a prescribed interval after manufacturing the panel.
本発明は、少なくとも一方が透明な対向する２枚の基板間の空間に、表示媒体を少なくとも１種類以上封入し、各基板に設けた電極に電圧を印加することで発生した電界により表示媒体を移動させて画像等の情報を表示する情報表示用パネルの活性化方法に関するものである。 The present invention, in the space between two substrates at least one of which a transparent counter, sealed display media, at least one or more, the display medium by an electric field generated by applying a voltage to the electrode provided on the substrate the moved by relates activation method of the information display panel that displays information such as an image.
液晶表示装置（ＬＣＤ）に代わる情報表示装置として、電気泳動方式、エレクトロクロミック方式、サーマル方式、２色粒子回転方式等の技術を用いた情報表示装置が提案されている。 As an information display device substitutable for liquid crystal display (LCD), an electrophoresis method, an electro-chromic method, a thermal method, information display devices with the use of technology such as two-color particles-rotary method are proposed. これら従来技術は、ＬＣＤと比較すると、通常の印刷物に近い広い視野角が得られる、消費電力が小さい、メモリー機能を有している等のメリットがあることから、次世代の安価な情報表示装置に使用可能な技術として考えられており、携帯端末用情報表示、電子ペーパー等への展開が期待されている。 These prior art, when compared with the LCD, a wide viewing angle close to normal printed matter is obtained, the power consumption is small, since there is a merit such that a memory function, the next-generation low-cost information display device It is considered as a technique that can be used in a portable terminal information and spreading out to a display and an electronic paper is expected. 特に最近では、分散粒子と溶液から成る分散液をマイクロカプセル化し、これを対向する基板間に配置して成る電気泳動方式が提案され、期待が寄せられている。 Especially recently, a dispersion consisting of dispersed particles and the solution was microencapsulated, this electrophoresis method comprising arranged between the opposing substrates is proposed, and also it is expected.
中でも、少なくとも一方が透明な対向する２枚の基板間に形成された空間内に、少なくとも１種類以上の粒子から構成される光学的反射率および帯電性を有する少なくとも１種類以上の表示媒体を封入し、表示媒体に電界を付与することによって、表示媒体を移動させて画像等の情報を表示する情報表示用パネルが知られている。 Among them, in the space at least one of which is formed between two substrates for transparent counter, at least one kind of display media having optical reflectance and charge properties and consisting of at least one or more types of particles encapsulated and, by applying an electric field to the display medium, the information display panel by moving the display media to display information such as an image are known.
上述した情報表示用パネルの製造方法として、電極を有し対向する２枚のマザー基板のうち、一方のマザー基板上の電極を等電位にした状態で、表示媒体を充填・配置し、もう一方のマザー基板を配置することで表示媒体を封入する方法が提供されている（例えば特許文献１）。 As a method for producing the above-mentioned information display panel, of the two mother substrates facing an electrode, while the equipotential electrode of one of the mother substrates, and filling and placing the display medium, other one method of encapsulating a display medium by placing the mother substrate is provided (for example, Patent Document 1). マザー基板とは、情報表示用パネルを複数個作製するための基板であり、マザー基板を２枚貼り合わせたものをマザーパネルという。 The mother board, the information display panel is a substrate for a plurality prepared, those bonding two mother substrates that mother panel.
特開２００５−２５８２４０号公報 JP 2005-258240 JP
上述した製造方法で作製した情報表示用パネルは、初期コントラストが低く、表示品位も良好とはいえないという問題があった。 Above information display panel was fabricated by the manufacturing method, the initial contrast is low, there is a problem that it can not be said better display quality. この問題を解消するために、本出願人は、特願２００６−２７５１９６号公報において、少なくとも１つの情報表示用パネルをマザーパネルから作製するにあたり、マザーパネルが有する各マザーパネル基板上で、情報表示用パネルが有する各導電部材（電極）を接続し、導電部材（電極）間に極性を反転しながら電圧を加えることにより表示媒体を移動させる初期活性化処理を行うことを提案した。 To solve this problem, the applicant has in Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-275196, in fabricating at least one of the information display panel from the mother panel, each mother panel substrate having the mother panel, information display connect each conductive member (electrode) included in the use panel was proposed to perform the initial activation process of moving the display media by applying a voltage while inverting the polarity between the conductive members (electrodes).
しかしながら、上述した初期活性化処理を行って得た情報表示用パネルにおいても、長時間使用していると、例えば白色と黒色とのコントラスト比が低下してしまい、実使用に耐えられなくなる問題があった。 However, even in the above-mentioned initial activation processing performed by obtained information display panel and are used for a long time, for example it will be reduced contrast ratio of white and black, is a problem not endure practical use there were.
本発明の目的は上述した問題点を解消して、長期間にわたってコントラスト比の低下を防止することができ、長期間の実使用に耐える情報表示用パネルを得ることができる情報表示用パネルの活性化方法を提供しようとするものである。 Object of the invention is to eliminate the above problems, the reduction in contrast ratio can be prevented over a long period of time, the activity of the long-term information display panel which can obtain the information display panel to withstand practical use it is intended to provide a method.
本発明の情報表示用パネルの活性化方法は、少なくとも一方が透明な対向する２枚の基板間の空間に、表示媒体を少なくとも１種類以上封入し、各基板に設けた電極に電圧を印加することで発生した電界により表示媒体を移動させて画像等の情報を表示する情報表示用パネルの活性化方法において、パネル製造後所定の間隔で、電極間に極性を反転させながら電圧を加えることにより表示媒体を移動させる活性化処理を行うことを特徴とするものである。 Activation method of the information display panel of the present invention, the space between two substrates at least one of which a transparent counter, sealed display media, at least one or more, a voltage is applied to the electrode provided on the substrate the information activation method of the display panel by moving the display media to display information such as an image by an electric field generated by, at predetermined intervals after the panel produced by applying a voltage while inverting the polarity between the electrodes it is characterized in that the activation process of moving the display media.
本発明の好適例としては、所定の間隔が、２日〜５日の範囲、好ましくは２日〜４日の範囲であること、活性化処理における極性の反転回数が、２０００回〜１００００回の範囲、好ましくは２０００回〜８０００回の範囲、さらに好ましくは２０００回〜５０００回の範囲であること、がある。 Preferred examples of the present invention, the predetermined interval is a range of 2 to 5 days, in a range of preferably from 2 to 4 days, the number of inversions polarity in the activation process, 10000 times 2000 times range, it preferably 2000 times ～8000 times range, more preferably in the range of 2000 times to 5000 times, there is.
本発明では、パネル製造後所定の間隔で、電極間に極性を反転させながら電圧を加えることにより表示媒体を移動させる活性化処理を行うことで、長期間にわたってコントラスト比の低下を防止することができ、長期間の実使用に耐える情報表示用パネルを得ることができる情報表示用パネルの活性化方法を達成することができる。 In the present invention, after the panel manufacturing at predetermined intervals, the inter-electrode polarity by carrying out the activation process of moving the display media by applying a voltage while inverting the on, is possible to prevent lowering of the contrast ratio over a long period of time can, it is possible to achieve the activation method of the information display panel capable of obtaining long-term information display panel to withstand practical use.
まず、本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルの基本的な構成について説明する。 First, a description will be given of the basic structure of the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention. 本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルでは、対向する２枚の基板間に封入した表示媒体に電界が付与される。 In the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention, an electric field is applied to display media sealed between two opposing substrates. 付与された電界方向にそって、帯電した表示媒体が電界による力やクーロン力などによって引き寄せられ、表示媒体が電界方向の変化によって移動することにより、画像等の情報表示がなされる。 Along the applied electric field direction, the charged display media are attracted by such force and Coulomb force by the electric field, by the display medium is moved by a change in electric field direction, an information display such as an image is performed. 従って、表示媒体が、均一に移動し、かつ、表示情報を書き換える時あるいは表示した情報を継続して表示する時の安定性を維持できるように、情報表示用パネルを設計する必要がある。 Accordingly, the display medium is uniformly moving, and so they can maintain the stability at the time of continuously displayed or the display information when rewriting the display information, it is necessary to design the information display panel. ここで、表示媒体を構成する粒子にかかる力は、粒子同士のクーロン力により引き付けあう力の他に、電極や基板との電気鏡像力、分子間力、液架橋力、重力などが考えられる。 Here, as to forces applied to the particles constituting display media, the other forces are attracted by the Coulomb force between the particles, an electric imaging force with the electrode or substrate, intermolecular force, a liquid bonding force, gravity and the like.
本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルの例を、図１（ａ）、（ｂ）〜図５（ａ）、（ｂ）に基づき説明する。 An example of the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention, FIG. 1 (a), (b) ~ FIG 5 (a), will be described with reference to (b).
図１（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す例では、少なくとも１種以上の粒子から構成される光学的反射率および帯電特性の異なる少なくとも２種以上の表示媒体３（ここでは白色表示媒体用粒子３Ｗａの粒子群からなる白色表示媒体３Ｗと黒色表示媒体用粒子３Ｂａの粒子群からなる黒色表示媒体３Ｂを示す）を、隔壁４で形成された各セルにおいて、基板１に設けた電極５（個別電極）と基板２に設けた電極６（個別電極）との間に電圧を印加することにより発生する電界に応じて、基板１、２と垂直に移動させる。 FIG. 1 (a), in the example shown in (b), at least one or more composed of particles optical reflectance and charging characteristics of different at least two kinds of display media 3 (here white particles for display media 3Wa are white color display media 3W and the shown) black color display media 3B comprised of a particle group of black color particles for display media 3Ba, in each cell formed by partition walls 4, the electrode 5 (individual electrode provided on the substrate 1 made of particles of ) and in accordance with an electric field generated by applying a voltage between the electrodes 6 provided on the substrate 2 (individual electrode) is moved perpendicularly to the substrates 1 and 2. そして、図１（ａ）に示すように白色表示媒体３Ｗを観察者に視認させて白色の表示を行うか、あるいは、図１（ｂ）に示すように黒色表示媒体３Ｂを観察者に視認させて黒色の表示を行っている。 Then, a white display is visually recognize the media 3W to the observer as shown in FIG. 1 (a) or to display a white or to visually recognize the black color display media 3B to an observer as shown in FIG. 1 (b) It is doing a display of black Te. なお、図１（ａ）、（ｂ）において、手前にある隔壁は省略している。 Incidentally, in FIG. 1 (a), (b), the partition walls arranged at the near side are omitted.
図２（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す例では、少なくとも１種以上の粒子から構成される光学的反射率および帯電特性の異なる少なくとも２種以上の表示媒体３（ここでは白色表示媒体用粒子３Ｗａの粒子群からなる白色表示媒体３Ｗと黒色表示媒体用粒子３Ｂａの粒子群からなる黒色表示媒体３Ｂを示す）を、隔壁４で形成された各セルにおいて、基板１に設けた電極５（ライン電極）と基板２に設けた電極６（ライン電極）との間に電圧を印加することにより発生する電界に応じて、基板１、２と垂直に移動させる。 FIG. 2 (a), the example shown in (b), at least one or more composed of particles optical reflectance and charging characteristics of different at least two kinds of display media 3 (here white particles for display media 3Wa are white color display media 3W and the shown) black color display media 3B comprised of a particle group of black color particles for display media 3Ba, in each cell formed by partition walls 4, the electrode 5 (line electrode provided on the substrate 1 made of particles of ) and in accordance with an electric field generated by applying a voltage between the electrodes 6 provided on the substrate 2 (line electrode) is moved perpendicularly to the substrates 1 and 2. そして、図２（ａ）に示すように白色表示媒体３Ｗを観察者に視認させて白色の表示を行うか、あるいは、図２（ｂ）に示すように黒色表示媒体３Ｂを観察者に視認させて黒色の表示を行っている。 Then, either by a white color display media 3W to visually recognize the observer as shown in FIG. 2 (a) for displaying white, or to visually recognize the black color display media 3B to an observer as shown in FIG. 2 (b) It is doing a display of black Te. なお、図２（ａ）、（ｂ）において、手前にある隔壁は省略している。 Incidentally, in FIG. 2 (a), (b), the partition walls arranged at the near side are omitted.
図３（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す例では、少なくとも１種以上の粒子から構成される少なくとも光学的反射率と帯電性を有する表示媒体３（ここでは白色表示媒体用粒子３Ｗａの粒子群からなる白色表示媒体３Ｗを示す）を、隔壁４で形成された各セルにおいて、基板１に設けた電極５と電極６との間に電圧を印加することにより発生する電界に応じて、基板１、２と平行方向に移動させる。 FIG. 3 (a), in the example shown, at least one or more kinds of display media 3 having at least optical reflectance and charging property consists particles (white display particles of the medium particle 3Wa here (b) becomes the white color display of the medium 3W), in each cell formed by partition walls 4, in accordance with an electric field generated by applying a voltage between the electrodes 5 and 6 provided on the substrate 1, the substrate 1, 2 and is moved in a parallel direction. そして、図３（ａ）に示すように、白色表示媒体３Ｗを観察者に視認させて白色の表示を行うか、あるいは、図３（ｂ）に示すように、黒色板７の色を観察者に視認させて黒色の表示を行っている。 Then, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), by viewing the white color display media 3W to the observer or to display a white or, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the observer the color of Kokushokuban 7 It is visible to be doing a display of black. なお、図３（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す例では、手前にある隔壁は省略している。 In the example shown in FIG. 3 (a), (b), the partition walls arranged at the near side are omitted.
図４（ａ）〜（ｄ）に示す例では、まず、図４（ａ）、（ｃ）に示すように、少なくとも１種以上の粒子から構成される光学的反射率および帯電特性の異なる少なくとも２種以上の表示媒体３（ここでは白色表示媒体用粒子３Ｗａの粒子群からなる白色表示媒体３Ｗと黒色表示媒体用粒子３Ｂａの粒子群からなる黒色表示媒体３Ｂを示す）を、隔壁４で形成された各セルにおいて、基板１の外側に設けた外部電界形成手段１１と基板２の外側に設けた外部電界形成手段１２との間に電圧を印加することにより発生する電界に応じて、基板１、２と垂直に移動させる。 In the example shown in FIG. 4 (a) ~ (d), first, FIG. 4 (a), the (c), the different at least optical reflectance and charging characteristics and consisting of at least one or more of the particles two or more display media 3 (here, showing the black color display media 3B made of white color display media 3W and the black display particles of the medium particle 3Ba consisting particle group 3Wa for white color display media), formed by partition walls 4 in each cell, which is, in accordance with an electric field generated by applying a voltage between the external electric field forming means 12 provided outside of the external electric field forming means 11 and the substrate 2 provided outside of the substrate 1, the substrate 1 , 2 are moved vertically. そして、図４（ｂ）に示すように白色表示媒体３Ｗを観察者に視認させて白色の表示を行うか、あるいは、図２（ｄ）に示すように黒色表示媒体３Ｂを観察者に視認させて黒色の表示を行っている。 Then, either by a white color display media 3W to visually recognize the observer as shown in FIG. 4 (b) for displaying white, or to visually recognize the black color display media 3B to an observer as shown in FIG. 2 (d) It is doing a display of black Te. なお、図４（ａ）〜（ｄ）において、手前にある隔壁は省略している。 Incidentally, in FIG. 4 (a) ~ (d), the partition walls arranged at the near side are omitted. また、基板１の内側には導電部材１３を設けるとともに、基板２の内側には導電部材１４を設けている。 Further, with the inside of the substrate 1 provided with the conductive member 13 is provided with a conductive member 14 on the inner side of the substrate 2.
図５（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す例では、三個のセルで単位画素を構成するカラー表示の例を示している。 FIG. 5 (a), in the example shown in (b), shows an example of a color display constituting the unit pixel in three cells. 図５（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す例では、表示媒体としてはすべてのセル２１−１〜２１−３に白色表示媒体３Ｗと黒色表示媒体３Ｂとを充填し、第１のセル２１−１の観察者側に赤色カラーフィルタ２２Ｒを設け、第２のセル２１−２の観察者側に緑色カラーフィルタ２２Ｇを設け、第３のセル２１−３の観察者側に青色カラーフィルタ２２ＢＬを設け、第１のセル２１−１、第２のセル２１−２および第３のセル２１−３の三個のセルで単位画素を構成している。 FIG. 5 (a), in the example shown in (b), filled with the white color display media 3W and the black color display media 3B in all cells 21-1 to 21-3 as the display medium, the first cell 21-1 the viewer side of a red color filter 22R is provided on the green color filter 22G is provided on the observer side of the second cell 21-2, it provided a blue color filter 22BL on the viewer side of the third cell 21-3, first cell 21-1 constitutes a unit pixel in three cells of the second cell 21-2 and the third cell 21-3. 本例では、図５（ａ）に示すように、観察者側に、すべての第１セル２１−１〜第３のセル２１−３において白色表示媒体３Ｗを配置することで、観察者に対し白色表示を行うか、あるいは、図５（ｂ）に示すように、観察者側に、すべての第１セル２１−１〜第３のセル２１−３において黒色表示媒体３Ｂを配置することで、観察者に対し黒色表示を行っている。 In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the observer side, in all of the first cell 21-1～ third cell 21-3 by arranging the white color display media 3W, to the observer whether to perform white display, or as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the viewer side, by arranging the black color display media 3B in all of the first cell 21-1～ third cell 21-3, It is doing the black displayed to the observer. なお、図５（ａ）、（ｂ）において、手前にある隔壁は省略している。 Incidentally, FIG. 5 (a), the (b), the partition walls arranged at the near side are omitted.
本発明の情報表示用パネルの活性化方法の特徴は、上述した構成の情報表示用パネルにおいて、パネル製造後所定の間隔で、電極間に極性を反転させながら電圧を加えることにより表示媒体を移動させる活性化処理を行うことにある。 Wherein the activation method of the information display panel of the present invention, the mobile in the information display panel having the above-described structure, at predetermined intervals after panel manufacturing, a display medium by applying a voltage while inverting the polarity between the electrodes in carrying out the activation process to be. ここで、所定の間隔が、２日〜５日の範囲であることが好ましく、また、活性化処理における極性の反転回数が、２０００回〜１００００回の範囲であることが好ましい。 Here, the predetermined interval is preferably in the range of 2 to 5 days, also, the number of inversions polarity in the activation process is preferably in the range of 10,000 times 2000 times.
本発明者らは、特願２００６−２７５１９６号の初期活性化処理に基づき、情報表示用パネル作製後のコントラスト比の低下をなくすべく研究を行い本発明を見出した。 The present inventors have, based on the initial activation of the Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-275196, performed studies to eliminate degradation of contrast ratio of the information display panel after the preparation was found present invention. すなわち、活性化処理の周期、回数について種々実験したところ、３日に３０００回くらいのペースで活性化処理を行うと、コントラスト比４以上は少なくとも維持でき、長時間の実使用に情報表示用パネルが耐えることがわかった。 In other words, made various experiments period of activation treatment, the number of times, when an activation treatment at a rate of about 3000 times the 3 days, the contrast ratio of 4 or more can be at least maintained, prolonged actual use in the information display panel it was found that endure. 一方、毎日１０００回活性化処理を行うとコントラストがあまり回復しないこともわかった。 On the other hand, the contrast was also found that not much recovery is performed 1000 times activation process every day. また、一度に行う活性化処理の回数を増やした方がコントラスト回復に良い影響を及ぼすこともわかった。 Also, those who increase the number of activated processing performed has also been found that a positive effect on the contrast recovery time. 逆に５日に５０００回くらいであると、５日目にはコントラストが低くなりすぎることもわかった。 When it is about 5000 times in reverse in five days, the fifth day has also been found that the contrast is too low.
以下、本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルを構成する各部材について説明する。 The following describes the respective members constituting the the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention.
基板については、少なくとも一方の基板は情報表示用パネル外側から表示媒体の色が確認できる透明な基板２であり、可視光の透過率が高くかつ耐熱性の良い材料が好適である。 The substrate, at least one of the substrates is the transparent substrate 2 which color can be observed in the display medium from the outer panel information display, it is preferable a material transmittance and heat resistance high visible light. 基板１は透明でも不透明でもかまわない。 Substrate 1 may be transparent or may be opaque. 基板材料を例示すると、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリエーテルサルフォン、ポリエチレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、アクリルなどのポリマーシートや、金属シートのように可とう性のあるもの、および、ガラス、石英などの可とう性のない無機シートが挙げられる。 Examples of the substrate material include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyimide, or a polymer sheet such as an acrylic, some of the flexibility such as metal sheets, and glass, such as quartz inorganic sheet and the like with no flexibility. 基板の厚みは、２〜５０００μｍが好ましく、さらに５〜２０００μｍが好適であり、薄すぎると、強度、基板間の間隔均一性を保ちにくくなり、５０００μｍより厚いと、薄型情報表示用パネルとする場合に不都合がある。 The thickness of the substrate is preferably 2～5000Myuemu, is preferably further 5～2000Myuemu, too thin, it becomes difficult to maintain strength and distance uniformity between the substrates, and thicker than 5000 .mu.m, if the thin information display panel there is a disadvantage to.
電極形成材料としては、アルミニウム、銀、ニッケル、銅、金等の金属類や酸化インジウム錫（ＩＴＯ）、亜鉛ドープ酸化インジウム（ＩＺＯ）、酸化インジウム、アンチモン錫酸化物（ＡＴＯ）、導電性酸化錫、導電性酸化亜鉛等の導電金属酸化物類、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェンなどの導電性高分子類が例示され適宜選択して用いられる。 The electrode forming material, aluminum, silver, nickel, copper, metal or indium tin oxide, such as gold (ITO), zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO), indium oxide, antimony tin oxide (ATO), conductive tin oxide conductive metal oxides such as electroconductive zinc oxide, polyaniline, polypyrrole, conductive polymers such as polythiophene can be used to select is illustrated as appropriate. 電極の形成方法としては、上記例示の材料をスパッタリング法、真空蒸着法、ＣＶＤ（化学蒸着）法、塗布法等で薄膜状に形成する方法や、導電剤を溶媒や合成樹脂バインダーに混合して塗布したりする方法が用いられる。 As a method for forming the electrode, the above-exemplified materials sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, a method of forming a thin film by a coating method or the like, a conductive agent were mixed in a solvent or synthetic resin binder application or how to is used. 視認側であり透明である必要のある表示面側基板２に設ける電極は透明である必要があるが、背面側基板１に設ける電極は透明である必要はない。 Although the electrode provided on the display surface side substrate 2 which must be a visual side transparent must be transparent, electrodes provided on the back side substrate 1 need not be transparent. いずれの場合もパターン形成可能で導電性である上記材料を好適に用いることができる。 The material is electrically conductive also pattern can be formed in any case can be suitably used. なお、電極厚みは、導電性が確保でき光透過性に支障がなければ良く、３〜１０００ｎｍ、好ましくは５〜４００ｎｍが好適である。 The electrode thickness may if there is trouble in the optical transparency ensuring conductivity, 3 to 1000, preferably 5~400nm is preferred. 背面側基板１に設ける電極の材質や厚みなどは上述した表示面側基板に設ける電極と同様であるが、透明である必要はない。 The material and the thickness of the electrode arranged on the back side substrate 1 is the same as the electrode provided on the display side substrate described above, but need not be transparent. なお、この場合の外部電圧入力は、直流あるいは交流を重畳しても良い。 The external voltage input in this case, may be superimposed with a direct current or alternating current.
必要に応じて基板に設ける隔壁４については、その形状は表示にかかわる表示媒体の種類や、配置する電極の形状、配置により適宜最適設定され、一概には限定されないが、隔壁の幅は２〜１００μｍ、好ましくは３〜５０μｍに、隔壁の高さは１０〜１００μｍ、好ましくは１０〜５０μｍに調整される。 For partition walls 4 provided on the substrate, if necessary, the shape and kind of the display media used for the display, the shape of the arrangement to the electrodes, is suitably designed by arrangement, but categorically is not limited, the width of the partition wall 2 100 [mu] m, preferably in the 3 to 50 [mu] m, the height of the partition wall 10 to 100 [mu] m, is preferably adjusted to 10 to 50 [mu] m.
また、隔壁を形成するにあたり、対向する両基板１、２の各々にリブを形成した後に接合する両リブ法、片側の基板上にのみリブを形成する片リブ法が考えられる。 Further, a method of forming the partition wall, both ribs method of bonding after forming ribs on each of the substrates 1 and 2 opposed, single rib method of forming a rib on only one side of the substrate can be considered. この発明では、いずれの方法も好適に用いられる。 This invention may be preferably applied to both methods.
これらのリブからなる隔壁により形成されるセルは、図６に示すごとく、基板平面方向からみて四角状、三角状、ライン状、円形状、六角状が例示され、配置としては格子状やハニカム状や網目状が例示される。 The cell formed by the partition walls each made of rib has, as shown in FIG. 6 viewed from a plane surface of the substrate a triangular shape, a line shape, a circular shape and a hexagon shape, and the like, lattice or honeycomb as disposed or reticulated are exemplified. 表示面側から見える隔壁断面部分に相当する部分（セルの枠部の面積）はできるだけ小さくした方が良く、表示の鮮明さが増す。 A portion corresponding to a cross section of the partition wall observed from the display side (an area of the frame portion of the cell) should be made as small as possible, increasing sharpness of the display.
ここで、隔壁の形成方法を例示すると、金型転写法、スクリーン印刷法、サンドブラスト法、フォトリソ法、アディティブ法が挙げられる。 Here, illustrating the method of forming the partition wall, the mold transfer method, a screen printing method, a sandblast method, a photolithography method and an additive method. いずれの方法もこの発明の情報表示用パネルに好適に用いることができるが、これらのうち、レジストフィルムを用いるフォトリソ法や金型転写法が好適に用いられる。 Although any method can be preferably used in the information display panel of the present invention, among these, photolithography method or a die transfer method using a resist film is preferably used.
次に、本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルにおいて表示媒体を構成する表示媒体用粒子（以下、粒子ともいう）について説明する。 Next, the particles for display media constituting the display media in the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as particles) will be described. 表示媒体用粒子は、そのまま該表示媒体用粒子だけで構成して表示媒体としたり、その他の粒子と合わせて構成して表示媒体としたり、粉流体となるように調整、構成して表示媒体としたりして用いられる。 Particles for display media, or the display media as it is constituted by only the particles for the display media, or the display media constructed together with other particles, adjusted to a liquid powder, a configuration to display media used in or.
粒子は、その主成分となる樹脂に、必要に応じて、従来と同様に、荷電制御剤、着色剤、無機添加剤等を含ますことができる。 Particles are composed of resins as a main ingredient, if necessary, in a conventional manner can be included charge control agents, coloring agent, inorganic additives. 以下に、樹脂、荷電制御剤、着色剤、その他添加剤を例示する。 Hereinafter, resin, charge control agents, coloring agents, exemplified other additives.
樹脂の例としては、ウレタン樹脂、ウレア樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アクリルウレタン樹脂、アクリルウレタンシリコーン樹脂、アクリルウレタンフッ素樹脂、アクリルフッ素樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、アクリルシリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、スチレンアクリル樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ブチラール樹脂、塩化ビニリデン樹脂、メラミン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリスルフォン樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂等が挙げられ、２種以上混合することもできる。 Examples of resins, urethane resins, urea resins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, acrylic urethane resins, acrylic urethane silicone resin, acryl urethane fluorocarbon polymers, acryl fluorocarbon resin, silicone resin, acryl silicone resin, epoxy resin, polystyrene resin, styrene acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, butyral resins, vinylidene chloride resins, melamine resins, phenol resins, fluorine resins, polycarbonate resins, polysulfone resins, polyether resins, polyamide resins, and the like, can also be a mixture of two or more. 特に、基板との付着力を制御する観点から、アクリルウレタン樹脂、アクリルシリコーン樹脂、アクリルフッ素樹脂、アクリルウレタンシリコーン樹脂、アクリルウレタンフッ素樹脂、フッ素樹脂、シリコーン樹脂が好適である。 For the purpose of controlling the attaching force with the substrate, acryl urethane resin, acryl silicone resin, acryl fluorocarbon resin, acryl urethane silicone resin, acryl urethane fluorocarbon resin, fluorocarbon resin, silicone resin is preferable.
荷電制御剤としては、特に制限はないが、負荷電制御剤としては例えば、サリチル酸金属錯体、含金属アゾ染料、含金属（金属イオンや金属原子を含む）の油溶性染料、４級アンモニウム塩系化合物、カリックスアレン化合物、含ホウ素化合物（ベンジル酸ホウ素錯体）、ニトロイミダゾール誘導体等が挙げられる。 As the charge control agent is not particularly limited, negative charge control agent such as oil-soluble dyes of salicylic acid metal complex, metal containing azo dye, (including metal ion or metal atom), quaternary ammonium salt compound, calixarene compound, boron-containing compound (boron benzyl acid complex), and nitroimidazole derivative. 正荷電制御剤としては例えば、ニグロシン染料、トリフェニルメタン系化合物、４級アンモニウム塩系化合物、ポリアミン樹脂、イミダゾール誘導体等が挙げられる。 Examples of the positive charge control agent include nigrosine dye, triphenylmethane compound, quaternary ammonium salt compounds, polyamine resins, and the like imidazole derivatives. その他、超微粒子シリカ、超微粒子酸化チタン、超微粒子アルミナ等の金属酸化物、ピリジン等の含窒素環状化合物及びその誘導体や塩、各種有機顔料、フッ素、塩素、窒素等を含んだ樹脂等も荷電制御剤として用いることもできる。 Other, ultrafine silica, titanium oxide ultrafine particles, metal oxides such as ultra-fine particles of alumina, nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds and derivatives thereof and salts such as pyridine, various organic pigments, fluorine, chlorine, also resin containing nitrogen or the like or the like charged It can also be used as a control agent.
着色剤としては、以下に例示するような、有機または無機の各種、各色の顔料、染料が使用可能である。 As the colorant, as illustrated below, an organic or inorganic various pigments of each color dye can be used.
黒色着色剤としては、カーボンブラック、酸化銅、二酸化マンガン、アニリンブラック、活性炭等がある。 Examples of black pigments include carbon black, copper oxide, manganese dioxide, aniline black, and activate carbon.
青色着色剤としては、Ｃ． The blue colorant, C. Ｉ． I. ピグメントブルー１５：３、Ｃ． Pigment Blue 15: 3, C. Ｉ． I. ピグメントブルー１５、紺青、コバルトブルー、アルカリブルーレーキ、ビクトリアブルーレーキ、フタロシアニンブルー、無金属フタロシアニンブルー、フタロシアニンブルー部分塩素化物、ファーストスカイブルー、インダンスレンブルーＢＣ等がある。 Pigment Blue 15, Prussian blue, cobalt blue, alkali blue lake, Victoria blue lake, phthalocyanine blue, metal-free phthalocyanine blue, partially chlorinated phthalocyanine blue, first sky blue, Indanethrene blue BC.
赤色着色剤としては、ベンガラ、カドミウムレッド、鉛丹、硫化水銀、カドミウム、パーマネントレッド４Ｒ、リソールレッド、ピラゾロンレッド、ウォッチングレッド、カルシウム塩、レーキレッドＤ、ブリリアントカーミン６Ｂ、エオシンレーキ、ローダミンレーキＢ、アリザリンレーキ、ブリリアントカーミン３Ｂ、Ｃ． Examples of red coloring agents include red iron oxide, cadmium red, red lead, mercury sulfide, cadmium, permanent red 4R, lithol red, pyrazolone red, watching red, calcium salt, lake red D, brilliant carmine 6B, eosin lake, rhodamine lake B, alizarin lake, brilliant carmine 3B, C. Ｉ． I. ピグメントレッド２等がある。 There is Pigment Red 2, and the like.
黄色着色剤としては、黄鉛、亜鉛黄、カドミウムイエロー、黄色酸化鉄、ミネラルファーストイエロー、ニッケルチタンイエロー、ネーブルイエロー、ナフトールイエローＳ、ハンザイエローＧ、ハンザイエロー１０Ｇ、ベンジジンイエローＧ、ベンジジンイエローＧＲ、キノリンイエローレーキ、パーマネントイエローＮＣＧ、タートラジンレーキ、Ｃ． The yellow pigments include chrome yellow, zinc chromate, cadmium yellow, yellow iron oxide, mineral first yellow, nickel titanium yellow, navel yellow, Naphthol Yellow S, Hansa Yellow G, Hansa Yellow 10G, Benzidine Yellow G, Benzidine Yellow GR, quinoline yellow lake, permanent yellow NCG, Tartrazine lake, C. Ｉ． I. ピグメントイエロー１２等がある。 There is a Pigment Yellow 12 and the like.
緑色着色剤としては、クロムグリーン、酸化クロム、ピグメントグリーンＢ、Ｃ． Examples of green pigments include chrome green, chromium oxide, Pigment Green B, C. Ｉ． I. ピグメントグリーン７、マラカイトグリーンレーキ、ファイナルイエローグリーンＧ等がある。 Pigment Green 7, Malachite green lake, final yellow green G and the like.
橙色着色剤としては、赤色黄鉛、モリブデンオレンジ、パーマネントオレンジＧＴＲ、ピラゾロンオレンジ、バルカンオレンジ、インダンスレンブリリアントオレンジＲＫ、ベンジジンオレンジＧ、インダンスレンブリリアントオレンジＧＫ、Ｃ． Examples of orange pigments include red chrome yellow, molybdenum orange, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, Vulcan orange, Indanthrene Brilliant Orange RK, Benzidine Orange G, Indanthrene brilliant orange GK, C. Ｉ． I. ピグメントオレンジ３１等がある。 There is Pigment Orange 31 and the like.
紫色着色剤としては、マンガン紫、ファーストバイオレットＢ、メチルバイオレットレーキ等がある。 Examples of purple pigments include manganese purple, first violet B, methyl violet lake.
白色着色剤としては、亜鉛華、酸化チタン、アンチモン白、硫化亜鉛等がある。 Examples of white pigments include zinc white, titanium oxide, antimony white, and zinc sulphide.
体質顔料としては、バライト粉、炭酸バリウム、クレー、シリカ、ホワイトカーボン、タルク、アルミナホワイト等がある。 Examples of extenders include baryta powder, barium carbonate, clay, silica, white carbon, talc, and alumina white. また、塩基性、酸性、分散、直接染料等の各種染料として、ニグロシン、メチレンブルー、ローズベンガル、キノリンイエロー、ウルトラマリンブルー等がある。 Also, the basic, acidic, dispersion, as various dyes direct dye or the like, nigrosine, Methylene Blue, rose bengal, quinoline yellow, ultramarine blue and the like.
無機系添加剤の例としては、酸化チタン、亜鉛華、硫化亜鉛、酸化アンチモン、炭酸カルシウム、鉛白、タルク、シリカ、ケイ酸カルシウム、アルミナホワイト、カドミウムイエロー、カドミウムレッド、カドミウムオレンジ、チタンイエロー、紺青、群青、コバルトブルー、コバルトグリーン、コバルトバイオレット、酸化鉄、カーボンブラック、マンガンフェライトブラック、コバルトフェライトブラック、銅粉、アルミニウム粉などが挙げられる。 Examples of inorganic additives include titanium oxide, zinc white, zinc sulfide, antimony oxide, calcium carbonate, white lead, talc, silica, calcium silicate, alumina white, cadmium yellow, cadmium red, titanium yellow, Prussian blue, ultramarine blue, cobalt blue, cobalt green, cobalt violet, iron oxide, carbon black, manganese ferrite black, cobalt ferrite black, copper powder, aluminum powder and the like.
これらの顔料および無機系添加剤は、単独であるいは複数組み合わせて用いることができる。 These coloring agents and inorganic additives may be used alone or in combination. このうち特に黒色顔料としてカーボンブラックが、白色顔料として酸化チタンが好ましい。 Particularly, carbon black as a black pigment, titanium oxide as a white pigment is preferable.
上記着色剤を配合して所望の色の表示媒体用粒子を作製できる。 The desired color of particles for display media can be produced by blending the colorant.
また、本発明における表示媒体用粒子（以下、粒子ともいう）は平均粒子径d(0.5)が、１〜２０μｍの範囲であり、均一で揃っていることが好ましい。 Further, the particle for display media of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as particles) is an average particle diameter d (0.5), in the range of 1 to 20 [mu] m, it is preferable to have all uniform. 平均粒子径d(0.5)がこの範囲より大きいと表示上の鮮明さに欠け、この範囲より小さいと粒子同士の凝集力が大きくなりすぎるために表示媒体としての移動に支障をきたすようになる。 The average particle diameter d (0.5) lacking in sharpness of the display larger than this range, so interfering with the movement as a display medium for the range smaller than the cohesive force between the particles becomes too large.
更に本発明では、各粒子の粒子径分布に関して、下記式に示される粒子径分布Spanを５未満、好ましくは３未満とする。 Furthermore, in the present invention, with respect to the particle size distribution of the particles, less than 5 particle size distribution Span represented by the following formula, and preferably less than 3.
Span＝（ｄ(0.9)−ｄ(0.1)）／ｄ(0.5) Span = (d (0.9) -d (0.1)) / d (0.5)
（但し、ｄ(0.5)は粒子の50％がこれより大きく、50％がこれより小さいという粒子径をμｍで表した数値、ｄ(0.1)はこれ以下の粒子の比率が10％である粒子径をμｍで表した数値、ｄ(0.9)はこれ以下の粒子が90％である粒子径をμｍで表した数値である。） (However, d (0.5) is greater than this 50% of the particles, is 50% numerical value is represented as a particle diameter in μm smaller than this, d (0.1) ratio of less than this particle 10% particle number that represents an diameter μm, d (0.9) is smaller than this particle is a number representing the particle size is 90% in the [mu] m.)
Spanを５以下の範囲に納めることにより、各粒子のサイズが揃い、均一な表示媒体としての移動が可能となる。 By pay Span in the range of 5 or less, the size of each particle is aligned, it is possible to move the uniform display medium.
さらにまた、各粒子の相関について、使用した粒子の内、最大径を有する粒子のd(0.5)に対する最小径を有する粒子のd(0.5)の比を５０以下、好ましくは１０以下とすることが肝要である。 Furthermore, the correlation of each particle, of the particles used, the ratio of d (0.5) of particles having a minimum diameter with respect to d (0.5) of particles having a maximum diameter of 50 or less, preferably be 10 or less it is essential. たとえ粒子径分布Spanを小さくしたとしても、互いに帯電特性の異なる粒子が互いに反対方向に動くので、互いの粒子サイズが近く、互いの粒子が当量ずつ反対方向に容易に移動できるようにするのが好適であり、それがこの範囲となる。 Even though a smaller particle size distribution Span, they move in opposite directions different particle electrification properties with each other, near the particle size of each other, that the mutual particles to be easily moved in the opposite direction by eq It is suitable, so that it this range.
なお、上記の粒子径分布および粒子径は、レーザー回折／散乱法などから求めることができる。 Here, the particle diameter distribution and the particle diameter mentioned above can be measured by means of a laser diffraction / scattering method. 測定対象となる粒子にレーザー光を照射すると空間的に回折／散乱光の光強度分布パターンが生じ、この光強度パターンは粒子径と対応関係があることから、粒子径および粒子径分布が測定できる。 When irradiated with a laser beam to be measured particles spatially light intensity distribution pattern of the diffraction / scattering light occurs, the intensity pattern from that there is a correspondence between the particle diameter can be measured particle size and particle size distribution .
ここで、本発明における粒子径および粒子径分布は、体積基準分布から得られたものである。 Here, the particle diameter and the particle size distribution in the present invention, is obtained by a volume standard distribution. 具体的には、Mastersizer2000(Malvern Instruments Ltd.）測定機を用いて、窒素気流中に粒子を投入し、付属の解析ソフト（Mie理論を用いた体積基準分布を基本としたソフト）にて、粒子径および粒子径分布の測定を行なうことができる。 Specifically, at Mastersizer2000 using (Malvern Instruments Ltd.) measuring the particles were charged in a nitrogen stream, software (which is based on a volume standard distribution using Mie theory) Analysis software attached, particles it can be performed diameter and measurement of the particle size distribution.
表示媒体用粒子の帯電量は当然その測定条件に依存するが、情報表示用パネルにおける表示媒体用粒子の帯電量はほぼ、初期帯電量、隔壁との接触、基板との接触、経過時間に伴う電荷減衰に依存し、特に表示媒体用粒子の帯電挙動の飽和値が支配因子となっているということが分かった。 Depends on the charging amount naturally measurement conditions for display media particles, substantially the charge amount of the particle for display media in the information display panel, the initial charge amount, the contact between the partition, the contact with the substrate, with the lapse time depending on the charge decay, particularly it found that the saturation value of the charging behavior of the particles for display media has become a dominant factor.
本発明者らは鋭意検討の結果、ブローオフ法において同一のキャリア粒子を用いて、表示媒体に用いる粒子の帯電量測定を行うことにより、表示媒体用粒子の適正な帯電特性値の範囲を評価できることを見出した。 The present inventors have conducted extensive studies results, using the same carrier particles in the blow-off method, by performing the charge amount measurement of the particles used for the display media, to be able to assess the proper range of charging characteristic values of the particles for display media It was heading.
更に、表示媒体を気体中で駆動させる情報表示用パネルに適用する場合には、基板間の表示媒体を取り巻く空隙部分の気体の管理が重要であり、表示安定性向上に寄与する。 Furthermore, when applied to the information display panel which drives the display media in a gas, the management of the gap gas surrounding the display media between the substrates is important and contributes to improvement of display stability. 具体的には、空隙部分の気体の湿度について、２５℃における相対湿度を６０％RH以下、好ましくは５０％RH以下とすることが重要である。 Specifically, a humidity of the gap gas, RH relative humidity at 25 ° C. 60% or less, preferably important to less 50% RH.
この空隙部分とは、例えば図１（ａ）、（ｂ）〜図３（ａ）、（ｂ）において、対向する基板１、基板２に挟まれる部分から、電極５、６（電極を基板の内側に設けた場合）、表示媒体３の占有部分、隔壁４の占有部分（隔壁を設けた場合）、情報表示用パネルのシール部分を除いた、いわゆる表示媒体が接する気体部分を指すものとする。 And the gap portion, for example, in FIG. 1 (a), (b) ~ FIG 3 (a), (b), the substrate 1 facing, from the portion sandwiched between the substrate 2, electrodes 5 and 6 (electrode substrate If provided on the inside), occupying portion of the display media 3, the case of providing the occupying portion (partition wall of the partition wall 4), excluding the sealing portion of the information display panel, is intended to refer to gas portion of the so-called display medium is in contact .
空隙部分の気体は、先に述べた湿度領域であれば、その種類は問わないが、乾燥空気、乾燥窒素、乾燥アルゴン、乾燥ヘリウム、乾燥二酸化炭素、乾燥メタンなどが好適である。 Of the gap gas is if it has the humidity mentioned above, but not limited the type, the drying air, dry nitrogen, dry argon, is suitable dry helium, dried carbon dioxide, such as dry methane. この気体は、その湿度が保持されるように情報表示用パネルに封入することが必要であり、例えば、表示媒体の充填、情報表示用パネルの組み立てなどを所定湿度環境下にて行い、さらに、外からの湿度侵入を防ぐシール材、シール方法を施すことが肝要である。 This gas is necessary to seal the information display panel so as to maintain the humidity mentioned above, for example, filling the display media, etc. performed under a predetermined humidity environment assembling the information display panel, further, sealant to prevent moisture intrusion from the outside, it is important to perform the sealing process.
本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルにおける基板と基板との間隔は、表示媒体が移動できて、コントラストを維持できればよいが、通常１０〜５００μｍ、好ましくは１０〜２００μｍに調整される。 Distance between the substrate and the substrate in the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention is able to move the display media, although it can be maintained the contrast, typically 10 to 500 [mu] m, preferably adjusted to 10~200μm that.
対向する基板間の気体中空間における表示媒体の体積占有率は５〜７０％が好ましく、さらに好ましくは５〜６０％である。 Volume occupied rate of the display media in the gas in the space between the opposed substrates is preferably 5 to 70%, more preferably from 5 to 60%. ７０％を超える場合には表示媒体の移動に支障をきたし、５％未満の場合にはコントラストが不明確となり易い。 When it exceeds 70% hindered the movement of the display medium, likely to become unclear contrast in the case of less than 5%.
以下、本発明の実施例を示して、本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記実施例に限定されるものではない。 Following by referring to Examples of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
同じ構成の情報表示用パネルＡ、Ｂに対し、所定の方法に従った活性化処理後のコントラスト比の経時変化を、ベタ画像および６４ドット千鳥画像のそれぞれで以下のようにして求めた。 Information display panel A having the same configuration with respect to B, and time course of the contrast ratio after activation process in accordance with a predetermined method, was determined as follows in each of the solid image and the 64-dot staggered image.
（１）ベタ画像のコントラスト（Ｃｒ（ベタ））の測定方法 Ｃｒ（ベタ）は、画面全体の白消去から白色光学濃度を見積もったＯＤ（Ｗ）と、画面全体の黒消去から黒色光学濃度を見積もったＯＤ（Ｂ）と、を用いて、以下の式より求めた。 (1) Measurement method Cr (solid) of the solid image contrast (Cr (solid)) includes a OD (W) was estimated white optical density from white erase the entire screen, the black optical density from black erase the entire screen and it estimated the OD (B), using a was determined from the following equation.
Ｃｒ（ベタ）＝１０ （ＯＤ（Ｂ）−ＯＤ（Ｗ）） Cr (solid) = 10 (OD (B) -OD (W))
（２）６４トッド千鳥画像のコントラスト（Ｃｒ（６４））の測定方法 Ｃｒ（６４）は、まず画面全体の白消去を行い、６４ドット千鳥画像を書き込み、図７に示す（ａ）〜（ｃ）についてのコントラストを測定し、その平均値として求めた。 (2) 64 Todd staggered image contrast (Cr (64)) measurement method Cr (64) of the first performs a white erasing of the entire screen, write 64 dots staggered images, shown in FIG. 7 (a) ~ (c ) measuring the contrast of was determined as an average value.
情報表示用パネルＡに対する活性化処理の方法およびその結果を表１および図８に示すとともに、情報表示用パネルＢに対する活性化処理の方法およびその結果を表２および図９に示す。 The method and result of the activation process for the information display panel A is shown in Table 1 and FIG. 8, shown in Table 2 and FIG. 9 the methods and the results of the activation process for the information display panel B. 表１および図８に示された情報表示用パネルＡの結果、および、表２および図９に示された情報表示用パネルＢの結果から、本発明の活性化処理によりコントラスト比を５以上に保つことができ、活性化処理の有効性を確認することができる。 Table 1 and results of the indicated information display panel A in Figure 8, and, from the results of the information display panel B shown in Table 2 and FIG. 9, the contrast ratio of 5 or more in the activation treatment of the present invention can be kept, it is possible to confirm the effectiveness of the activation process.
本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルは、ノートパソコン、電子手帳、ＰＤＡ(Personal Digital Assistants)と呼ばれる携帯型情報機器、携帯電話、ハンディターミナル等のモバイル機器の表示部、電子書籍、電子マニュアル（取扱説明書等）、電子新聞等の電子ペーパー、看板、ポスター、黒板（ホワイトボード）等の掲示板、電子卓上計算機、家電製品、自動車用品等の表示部、ポイントカード、ＩＣカード等のカード表示部、電子広告、情報ボード、電子ＰＯＰ(Point Of Presence, Point Of Purchase advertising)、電子値札、電子棚札、電子楽譜、ＲＦ−ＩＤ機器の表示部のほか、ＰＯＳ端末、カーナビゲーション装置、時計など様々な電子機器の表示部に好適に用いられる。 The information display panel of the activation method of the present invention is, notebook computers, electronic notebooks, portable information device called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants), a mobile phone, the display portion of the mobile device, such as a handy terminal, e-books , electronic manual (user's manual, etc.), electronic paper, such as electronic newspapers, billboards, posters, blackboard bulletin board (whiteboard), and the like, electronic desk calculator, home appliances, display unit such as automotive supplies, point card, IC card, etc. card display unit of, electronic advertising, information boards, electronic POP (Point of Presence, Point of Purchase advertising), electronic price tags, electronic shelf labels, electronic music score, in addition to the display unit of the RF-ID devices, POS terminals, car navigation device suitably used in display portions of various electronic devices such as watches. 他に、リライタブルペーパー（外部電界形成手段を用いて書換えできる）としても好適に用いられる。 Alternatively, suitably used as a rewritable paper (which can be rewritten by using the external electric field formation means).
なお、本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルの駆動方式については、特に限定されるものではなく、パネル自体にスイッチング素子を用いない単純マトリックス駆動方式（パッシブ駆動方式）やスタティック駆動方式、また、薄膜トランジスタ（ＴＦＴ）で代表される三端子スイッチング素子あるいは薄膜ダイオード（ＴＦＤ）で代表される二端子スイッチング素子を用いたアクティブマトリックス駆動方式や、外部電界を用いた外部電界駆動方式など、種々のタイプの駆動方式を適用できる。 Note that the driving method of the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention is not limited in particular, a simple matrix drive system (passive drive system) without using switching elements in the panel itself and static drive method, also, a thin film transistor and an active matrix driving method using a two-terminal switching element represented by a three-terminal switching element or a thin film diode represented by (TFT) (TFD), an external electric field driving method using an external electric field, It can be applied various types of drive systems. なかでも駆動方法としてパッシブ駆動方式を用いた場合、本発明の効果は大きくなる。 Above all in the case of using a passive driving method as the driving method, the effect of the present invention is increased. さらに、ドットマトリックス型のパネルの他、セグメント型のパネルにも本発明の活性化方法を適用することができる。 Furthermore, other dot matrix type panels, to segmented panels can be applied activation method of the present invention.
（ａ）、（ｂ）はそれぞれ本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルの一例を示す図である。 (A), (b) is a diagram showing an example of the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention, respectively. （ａ）、（ｂ）はそれぞれ本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルの他の例を示す図である。 (A), is a diagram showing another example of (b) the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention, respectively. （ａ）、（ｂ）はそれぞれ本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルのさらに他の例を示す図である。 (A), (b) is a diagram showing still another example of the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention, respectively. （ａ）〜（ｄ）はそれぞれ本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルのさらに他の例を示す図である。 (A) ~ (d) are views showing still another example of the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention, respectively. （ａ）、（ｂ）はそれぞれ本発明の活性化方法の対象となる情報表示用パネルのさらに他の例を示す図である。 (A), (b) is a diagram showing still another example of the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention, respectively. 本発明の活性化方法の情報表示用パネルにおける隔壁の形状の一例を示す図である。 An example of the shape of the partition walls in the information display panel of the activation method of the present invention. FIG. 本発明の実施例における６４ドット千鳥画像のコントラスト測定方法を説明するための図である。 Is a diagram for explaining the contrast measurement method of 64 dots zigzag image in the embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施例における情報表示用パネルＡのコントラスト比と時間経過との関係を説明するための図である。 It is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the elapsed contrast ratio and time of the information display panel A in the embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施例における情報表示用パネルＢのコントラスト比と時間経過との関係を説明するための図である。 It is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the elapsed contrast ratio and time of the information display panel B in the embodiment of the present invention.
１、２ 基板 ３ 表示媒体（粒子群、粉流体） 1,2 substrate 3 display media (particles, liquid powders)
３Ｗ 白色表示媒体 ３Ｗａ 白色表示媒体用粒子 ３Ｂ 黒色表示媒体 ３Ｂａ 黒色表示媒体用粒子 ４ 隔壁 ５、６ 電極 ７ 黒色板 １１、１２ 外部電界形成手段 １３、１４ 導電部材 ２１−１ 第１のセル ２１−２ 第２のセル ２１−３ 第３のセル ２２Ｒ 赤色カラーフィルタ ２２Ｇ 緑色カラーフィルタ ２２ＢＬ 青色カラーフィルタ 3W white color display media 3Wa white particles for display media 3B black color display media 3Ba black particles for display media 4 partition wall 5, 6 electrode 7 Kokushokuban 11, 12 an external electric field forming means 13, 14 conductive member 21 - first cell 21 2 the second cell 21-3 third cell 22R red color filter 22G green color filter 22BL blue color filter
少なくとも一方が透明な対向する２枚の基板間の空間に、表示媒体を少なくとも１種類以上封入し、各基板に設けた電極に電圧を印加することで発生した電界により表示媒体を移動させて画像等の情報を表示する情報表示用パネルの活性化方法において、パネル製造後所定の間隔で、電極間に極性を反転させながら電圧を加えることにより表示媒体を移動させる活性化処理を行うことを特徴とする情報表示用パネルの活性化方法。 The space between two substrates at least one of which a transparent counter, sealed display media, at least one or more, moving the display media by an electric field generated by applying a voltage to the electrode provided on the substrate the image wherein in the activation method of the information display panel to display information to the like at predetermined intervals after panel manufacturing, to perform an activation process of moving the display media by applying a voltage while inverting the polarity between the electrodes activation method of the information display panel according to.
前記所定の間隔が、２日〜５日の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の情報表示用パネルの活性化方法。 Wherein the predetermined interval is 2 days activation method of the information display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the range of 1-5 days.
前記活性化処理における極性の反転回数が、２０００回〜１００００回の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の情報表示用パネルの活性化方法。 Transition number of polarity in the activation process, according to claim 1 or 2 activation method of the information display panel according to, characterized in that in the range of 10,000 times 2000 times.
JP2007058791A 2007-03-08 2007-03-08 Method for activating information display panel Pending JP2008224738A (en)
JP2007058791A JP2008224738A (en) 2007-03-08 2007-03-08 Method for activating information display panel
JP2008224738A true true JP2008224738A (en) 2008-09-25
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JP2007058791A Pending JP2008224738A (en) 2007-03-08 2007-03-08 Method for activating information display panel
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2012-06-04 A977 Report on retrieval

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text:
Have your cake and eat it!: there's always room for two!
there's always room for two!
Yesterday was my first day at work and my brains were fried due to info overload. My colleagues were very friendly and patient with me, so I blamed myself constantly for forgetting what they taught me. No doubt I had to put into immediate practice what was taught but that's the best way to learn right? On the job training. Well, people learn through mistakes. And I guess I learnt a lot yesterday, considering the huge number of mistakes I made. Thank God nobody scolded me. It was a pretty rough and stressful day for me but I prayed and everything got better after lunch. Weird as it may seem, I actually can't wait for next Monday to start work again! I want to test my memory and put whatever I digested into practice! That's a good sign, isn't it? That I'm enjoying work. It's my first ever job and I'm determined to make good impressions and excel in it.
So after what seemed like the 2nd longest baking hiatus (compared to the Alevel period), I went berserk. No seriously. I put my oven to work and churned out TWO items. Not one, but TWO. Though granted they were pretty small. I baked Chocolate Chip Cupcakes and Blueberry Buttermilk Muffins. It was my first attempt at making muffins (although cupcakes and muffins are quite similar) and I'm glad to say they were a success! I substituted the buttermilk for some mixed berry yoghurt I had lying around in the fridge simply because I didn't have any milk, let alone buttermilk in the house. It was a pretty close substitution I suppose as the muffins turned out very well. The cupcakes were not my first attempt. They were the first things I learnt to bake when I started out and now it's miraculously back on my list of items to bake! Having been caught up in experimenting with different kinds of flavours and recipes, I decided to go back to basics. To go back to where it all started - the humble chocolate chip cupcake. Thank God I did because both tasted equally amazing!
adapted from cupcakerecipe.net
3/4 tbsp milk (I omitted it)
1/8 cup semisweet chocolate chips (or more if you like)
1. Preheat the oven at 180°C and prepare 6 cupcake liners in a muffin tray
2. Cream the sugar and the butter in a bowl.
3. Add in the egg to the butter-sugar mixture and beat until incorporated. (add in the milk at this stage if using)
4. Sift in the flour and baking powder into the egg mixture.
5. Gently fold in the vanilla extract and chocolate chips into the batter.
6. Spoon the batter into the prepared cupcake liners until about 3/4 full. Bake for 15-20 min or until cupcakes have risen and are golden brown.
Serve as is or cool them if you want to spread icing on.
1 small egg (those kinds you get from NTUC Fairprice in SG)
3/8 cup of mixed berry yoghurt (instead of equal volume of buttermilk)
1. Preheat the oven to 190°C and prepare 6 muffin liners (I used cupcake liners instead) in a muffin tray.
2. In 1 bowl, mix the flour, sugar, baking powder and salt (dry ingredients) together until well mixed.
3. In another bowl, mix the egg, yoghurt, melted butter and vanilla extract (wet ingredients) together until well mixed.
4. Fold the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients until just incorporated.
5. Fold in the blueberries gently.
6. Fill the muffin liners until almost full and bake for about 20 min or until the muffins have risen and are golden brown.
Serve as is. Best eaten immediately when warm or can be reheated in the oven the next morning for breakfast (:
I love you, Nigella Lawson!

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text:
general relativity - How precisely does a star collapse into a black hole? - Physics Stack Exchange
11 I think we all heard general statements like "once big enough star burns out there is nothing to prevent the gravitational collapse ending in a black hole". But I can't remember even seeing the process described precisely.
Here's the deal: at first there is a nice object, a star. Stars can be nicely modeled by general relativity, nuclear physics and statistical physics combined and very much is known about these models and it can be observed whether they agree with things like light and neutrino fluxes, surface temperature and probably also lot of other stuff I know nothing about.
After the collapse we are left with another nice object, a black hole. We know that black holes have no hair.
The question is: what happens in-between? More precisely, between the time when all of the nuclear material has been burned out (and if possible ignore effects like reheating of the star after big enough compression) and the time where there is nothing more than just a black hole.
Give a description of what happens during the collapse?
How does the star "lose its hair"?
Can the actual collapse be solved analytically?
At what point is singularity created?
Update: I don't want to know what an outside observer will see. Instead, I'd like to find out what an individual part of the dead star will "feel" when a black hole is about to form near it. In other words, I want a complete solution (ideally analytical, but numerical would be also completely fine)
Feel free to assume anything that makes your life easier. Spherical symmetry is definitely fine. Also, if for any reason the questions don't make sense (like Cauchy problem is ill-defined in the presence of the singularity) feel free to interpret them in a way that make them sensible (e.g. assume that black hole is built from D-branes).
Also, I have a feeling that what I intended as a simple question at first ended up being pretty complex. If you think it should be split into smaller (and therefore more manageable and answerable) parts, let me know.
general-relativity black-holes share|improve this question edited Dec 14 '10 at 22:19
asked Dec 14 '10 at 21:05
I take it this is not a question that should be answered in terms of the layered burnout of the core of a large star because you are interested in what happens after the collapse of the electron degenerate core, the free-fall of the outer layers and the big rebound? I think that subsequent events are still ill-understood, especially as there are complicated angular-momentum driven goings on.
@dmckee: indeed, I should have made it clear (will do) that I am not interested in the complete life of the star; just the very last part before becoming a black hole.
Dec 14 '10 at 21:12
Ok, the general case can't be solved analytically. I think that there is an analytic solution only for dust. The problem of the formation of the horizon is interesting, since you have things like apparent horizons forming. I don't think you can tell much about the singularity. The general idea is that the hairs are radiated away with gravitational waves in the general case, but there are no hairs in the case of spherical collapse. There is some work of Nikos Stergioulas on the subject. I'll find the paper and I'll post it. If I'm up to it I'll try to turn that answer in to a real post.
@Vagelford: The dust solution would also be fine, if that's all that can be solved. As I said, feel free to interpret questions in any way that makes your life easier. I hope you can find that reference.
@Jerry, as for the Penrose-Carter: that's indeed a pity. Do you think you could get a reference to the diagram somewhere? I suppose it must've been drawn by someone already. Actually, I am going to try to find it myself. ...okay, I found some notes
Dec 15 '10 at 18:43
The solution for this problem for a dust equation of state and spherical symmetry is known as the Oppenheimer-Snyder solution. You model the interior of the distribution as a FRW universe with positive spatial curvature, zero pressure, and zero cosmological constant. You model the exterior of the solution as the Schwarzschild solution cut off at a time-dependent radius. So long as the matter distribution is dust, the thing satisfies all of the junction conditions you need. See Poisson's relativity book or MTW.
A more general solution requires numerics. But one thing we can say for sure is that there is no need for the black hole to shed its 'hair' in the case of spherical symmetry--the radial dependence of the solution will just compress into the singularity eventually, or scatter out to infinity. Birchoff's theorem tells us every spherically symmetric vacuum solution must be the Schwarzschild solution (perhaps with an electrostatic charge, which is technically not vacuum). This is related to the fact that there can be no monopole radiation in relativity. Also, the general case for this problem is very likely chaotic. Already, if the equation of state of the matter is that of a classical, spherically symmetric, Klein-Gordon field, which is a relatively simple generalization, the system exhibits a (link is a large postscript file)second-order phase transition, a result found by Matt Choptuik, and related to the settling of the Hawking naked singularity bet. share|improve this answer edited Dec 15 '10 at 17:38
answered Dec 14 '10 at 23:41
And I should say that, in the Oppenheimer-Snyder solution, the "big bang" joins on to the white hole singularity in the extended schwarzschild solution, while the "big crunch" joins onto the black hole singularity.
The "hair" is lost via gravitational radiation. This is also known as quasi-normal ringdown, as the BH vibrates at different frequencies much like a drum (maybe a "gong" is better analogy). Any charge on the black hole will simple get shorted out by free charges in the surrounding plasma, on a very short time scale.
share|improve this answer answered Dec 15 '10 at 14:02
2,7021719
Thank you. Is it also known how and when singularity and horizon form? Or is this information too much to ask for? To try to give answer myself: to tell anything about formation of the singularity one would probably need quantum gravity? And the horizon forms as soon as there is critical amount of matter, I guess.
Dec 15 '10 at 18:54
@Marek: for the Oppenheimer-Snyder solution, you model the interior matter as a closed FRW model, and join on the 'big bang' sinularity to a white hole singularity, and the 'big crunch' singularity to a black hole schwarzschild singularity, and paste the spacetimes together. So the singularity forms instantaneously at exactly the point at which the FRW observers' geodesics end. The only warning those observers get is when they see an apparent horizon form around them.
@Jerry, yes I think I got the picture after our discussion above (which happened after I posted this comment). But thanks again for the clarification.
As somebody around here noted, it is hard to say "when" the singularity happened, because it is very much observer dependent. From an observer far from the BH (i.e., "coordinate time"), the singularity is NEVER reached. But from a free-falling observer on his way to the singularity, it is reached in roughly a light-crossing time (~10 microseconds)
Dec 15 '10 at 21:31
I will try to do an intuitive explanation as I do not possess the mathematical knowledge for any further analysis.
I do not think, for an outside observer, singularity would form in a definite time. Rather, when the density inside is enough for an event horizon to form, i.e., the radius is smaller than the Schwarzschild radius, a black hole is said to be formed, not its singularity though. Because, for an outside observer, time comes to a complete stop at the event horizon, and only if the event horizon gets smaller, can the region inside the initial event horizon make sense for the outside observer. So if you believe that Hawking Radiation exists, then in a finite amount of time, the black hole will slowly evaporate until it's event horizon is nothing more than a singularity, then evaporate completely.
So rather than an actual forming of a singularity at a certain time for an outside observer, the mass that is "queued up" gradually condenses into a singularity, while also evaporating via hawking radiation.
As for the losing of the hair, once the event horizon forms, the hair of the materials at the event horizon or inside are lost because there are two possible fates(actually one final ultimate fate) for a particle until the forming of the singularity that I mentioned: it will be emitted as energy due to hawking radiation, or it will be the part of the last singularity which will also evaporate due to hawking radiation.
This question is actually similar to a question that I had asked and couldn't explain what I meant very clearly.
share|improve this answer answered Dec 14 '10 at 22:11
Maybe I should have made it more clear that I am not interested in outside observers. I want to know what our equations tell us about this problem and they should describe everything, singularity included (or maybe they fail to do this; if so I want to why and where). If you need to have an observer, imagine there is one that lives inside the star. What does he experience when the black hole is about to form?
I'm kinda out of my depth here, but I think the balding issue can be understood in cartoon terms as an effect of the time dilation of events nearing the event horizon. From outside all the material appears to stack-up against the horizon and things appear to stop happening. If there are no dynamics there can only be static effects: i.e. electrostatics and gravitation.
share|improve this answer answered Dec 14 '10 at 21:18
Seeing that there are two answers that look at the problem from the outside I will clarify that this is not what I am interested in at all.
Since you want to focus on what an individual part of the dead star will "feel" when it becomes a black hole, I think the "no hair" part is outside the scope of that; that's a condition only for someone outside of the hole. (See "externally observable" in that Wikipedia link on "no hair" you gave.) For someone falling with the collapsing body, whether or not it's a star, the body has "hair" all the way short of the singularity. (At the singularity, general relativity breaks down.) I'd say the singularity is first formed when the first chunk of matter that is below the new horizon reaches the center.
share|improve this answer answered Feb 28 '11 at 13:22
I would hazard a guess that aside from time dilation effects, in many case it is probably a slow process. If the mass of the core is marginal for forming a BH, you should initially get a neutron star. As the NS cools, accumulates more material, and/or sheds angular momentum it
can cross a threshold for collapse to a BH.
I suspect that in many SN, you get enough angular momentum, so that you get some sort of accretion disklike thing, which again must shed angular momentum before it gets small/dense enough to collapse into the BH. And even then I suspect you might have a phase where there is a smallish BH surrounded by a large heavy accretion disk, which takes its time getting swallowed up. I'm not so sure if any of that happens with ultramassive stars (i.e > 150 times a massive as the sun), these might directly collapse. But, the more common run of the mill heavystars might not take a direct collapse trajectory, but instead spend a period of time losing various forms of energy (thermal, rotational, magnetic) before they can collapse all the way. This energy loss probably results in gamma ray bursts. share|improve this answer answered Dec 15 '10 at 5:21
Actually, a neutron star of sufficiently small mass is a stable end state. Neutron degeneracy pressure exists even at zero Kelvin, and that's what stabilizes them.
Dec 15 '10 at 5:31
depends what you mean by "slow process." the actual collapse is on the order of a light-crossing time, i.e. 10-20 microseconds for a 10M_sun core. the subsequent accretion of a high-density disk in a GRB could take hundreds of milliseconds, but that still sounds pretty fast to me.
Dec 15 '10 at 13:58
No. I'm thinking that a neutron star forms, which without spin and high internal temperature is beyond the mass limit, but is still stable while it is still hot and rapidly rotating. Once it is able to shed some of this stabilizing energy it can then collapse.
@Omega : that's not how it works out. If the star is over the mass limit, the NS state will have a lifetime of seconds. It might be enough for the star to lose some mass from the recoil pressure wave, but not enough to slow down the collapse much at all.
Dec 15 '10 at 23:16
I seem to recall hearing about a supernova being observed, and then a gamma ray burst being observed from the same location a couple of days later. If we assume two things (my memory is correct), and the gammaray burst is the result of blackhole formation then we have at least one case where there has been a delay. I suspect that timescales computed from spherically symmetric simulations may not be indicative of what happens in real 3dimensional geometry.
Dec 16 '10 at 5:11
I doubt that a BH is able to form.
I think that before the boundary condition is reached some mechanism acts, for example conversion of mass into radiation, which expels the excess weight out of the system.
share|improve this answer answered Jan 18 '11 at 23:36
1,104922
after reading Omega Centauri above comment "...observed... the gammaray burst is the result of blackhole formation..." and also Valgeford comment "...the GRB has to do with the fireball of the explosion of the star..." IMO it seems that the GRB can carry enough mass/energy away of the system preventing the limit situation.

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Blue Sky + Friends Photos | bshr indie music magazine
Jan 4 Blue Sky + Friends Photos
We are in the process of adding all our photographers to an official portfolio site and page here on Blue Sky, but in the mean time we wanted to give you their links so you can see an extensive set of their awesome work!
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Colonial says Line 1 safely restarted after leak
Wed Sep 21, 2016 | 7:37pm EDT
Colonial Pipeline Co [COLPI.UL] on Wednesday said its main gasoline line, Line 1, has been safely restarted and returned to service following its biggest leak in nearly two decades that lead to a spike in fuel prices in southeast United States. "Subsequent to this afternoon's successful restart, it is expected to take several days for the fuel delivery supply chain to return to normal," the company said.Some markets served by the company may experience, or continue to experience, intermittent service interruptions, Colonial said. The damaged section of the 1.3 million-barrel-a-day line that connects the refining hub of the Gulf Coast to the East Coast has been shut for more than 12 days after the 6,000-8,000 barrel leak in Shelby County, Alabama. (Reporting by Vijaykumar Vedala in Bengaluru; Editing by Sandra Maler)

value: Reuters ( (listen)) is an international news organisation now owned by Thomson Reuters. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide.


text:
Edeson Online News: ENTERTAINMENT NEWS: Skelewu Singer DAVIDO & Sekem Singer MC Galaxy Fight in Public
ENTERTAINMENT NEWS: Skelewu Singer DAVIDO & Sekem Singer MC Galaxy Fight in Public
Whoa! MC Galazy cannot catch a break can he? Word on the street is that MC Galaxy, known for his smash hit, Sekem, was beat up by Davido and his driver at Shizzi’s studio a couple of days ago. According to the source, the incident happened 2 days ago, after an argument between B-Red (an HKN artist) and MC Galaxy escalated quickly. The argument was apparently over who’s more popular. Davido is reported to have asked MC Galaxy to leave the studio, and shortly after, pounced on MC Galaxy, along with his driver.
“David didn’t like that Galaxy was yabbing his boys and asked him to leave. Before Galaxy could react, David hit him on the back. Then his driver, Lati, took over, punching Galaxy and then hit him on the head with an Orijin bottle. B-Red didn’t touch Galaxy and Shizzi was very upset about what was happening in his studio and tried to stop the fight. Shizzi was really upset that Galaxy was attacked. If you see MC Galaxy’s eyes
( Credits: Jaguda, LIB.)
Emayomi E Michael, Simon Evia and 3 others like this.
na waaa. davido wicked ni
all dis go hapn, after Davido n his crew go don high' on some hard stuffs.
i tout this mad boy called Davido don mature from all this kind behaviours ni--Oga oo


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Trends google Jobs, Employment | Freelancer
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can it make SEO tools that attract keyword data from google trends? like this [đăng nhập để xem URL]
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The Amateur Eye – In The News | Kindred's Kaleidoscope
« 39th Marchand Open – April 1-2, 2017
The Amateur Eye – Imprimis »
This entry was posted on March 29, 2017 at 7:44 am and is filed under Chess.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
One Response to “The Amateur Eye – In The News”
March 29, 2017 at 8:07 am | Reply
Well, folks you won’t likely find this in any American news releases. Reporters don’t take in chess because they don’t have the brains to be analysts of current events. How often are news stories factual? Most are rehashes which waste viewers time better spent reading my blog info. You won’t find fake stories here!-Don.


text: will receive more medical care at his the johannesburg home until you fully recovers. >> newtown, conn. are asking for the public to stop sending gifts, which the small town is struggling to manage. since the slaying of the 20 students and six this faculty members >> two weeks ago, a new town has been the lowest bid, up from tens of thousands of teddy bears, or does a soccer balls to flowers, our work and school supplies. officials say that they would be to the best way to help the community after the " where houses pull items " our process. >> will be right back. >> a developing story just into kron 4 news room. we're getting reports of an officer involved shooting in walnut creek. it happens in an apartment complex on creekside drive. the call came in around 315 this morning. kron 4 urs will tran just to the scene and he joins us now on the phone. >> we do know that there was some sort of incident involving a police officer that discharged his weapon about 320 this morning. no officer is injured at this time. we do not know a lot of details because we just arrived here. there with ho Search Results 0 to 4 of about 5

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Fence Fort Kids' Indoor/Outdoor Easy-to-assemble Nylon Play Tent - 14341485 - Overstock Shopping - Big Discounts on Playhouses & Play Tents
Army Green / Brown -
$60.99 Green / Blue -
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GPS Tracklog: UK to get raster maps for Garmin Oregon
Hopefully, we'll see a similar Garmin product in the U.S. before too long, combining USGS topo maps and City Navigator highway routing, though it probably won't show up before Garmin finishes rolling out their 1:24,000 scale vector topo maps.
For now, if you want USGS topos on your GPS, the best bet is DeLorme, which is getting ready to introduce their next generation handheld, the PN-40, later this month.
Via Groundspeak and OutdoorsMagic.
I'd be happier about this if:
- The maps weren't so expensive: 129 pounds ($250) for just the National Parks in Great Britain. These cover about 14,000 square km, which sounds big, but is less than the size of Connecticut. Only two US states (DE and RI) are smaller than that. At this cost, covering USGS topos for a large state like CA or TX would be absurdly expensive.
- Like Garmins 1:24K vector maps, they'll only be available on microSD cards. So you won't be able to put maps on more than one unit at a time, or combine them with other mapsets.
For the list price of an Oregon unit, you'll be able to get a PN-40 and a copy of xMap, which will let you upload any raster image (maps, aerials, satellite) to the GPS unit. I wish the display were larger, but other than that, it's the better choice.
Posted by: Leszek Pawlowicz | October 04, 2008 at 02:40 PM
The versions I've seen so far are almost unusable outdoors in bright light!
Thus, while it will be great to have UK OS maps on board (they're simply superb maps), Its a little pointless if you have to go into some dingy moorland pub just to read the them.
Posted by: Steve E | October 04, 2008 at 04:41 PM
@Leszek - Yep, it is pricey. Still, the full Garmin package is an out of the box solution that's easier to use than the PN-40 + xMap. That would give it broader appeal even at a higher price point.
@Steve E - You are too funny!
Posted by: Rich Owings | October 05, 2008 at 10:05 AM
Best Buy to produce connected GPS with Google local search UPDATE: Read my full Insignia NS-CNV10 review. Best Buy will launch their first house label GPS units on October 19, under their Insignia brand. But the big news is that these devices will sport a cellular connection and local Google search, as well as real-time traffic. Priced at $499 for the 4.3" Insignia NS-CNV20 and $399 for the 3.5" NS-CNV10, the PNDs will carry no service fees for the first year. Via TWICE.
Garmin Lifetime Maps GpsPasSion is reporting that Garmin will begin offering "Lifetime Maps," effective October 15, at a cost of $119. According to the site, "subscribers will be able to download quarterly updates for their GPS system as long as they own it." We'll report more when an official announcement is made. Read more.

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Mercy Road: Mercy Road Daily Prayer ~ Monday, October 17, 2011
Mercy Road Daily Prayer ~ Monday, October 17, 2011
Lord God, I’ve given you my life and trusted you with my soul, so please don’t let me be disgraced. Don’t allow me to be shamed. Don’t let my enemies mock me and gloat. Don’t let those who despise you to call me a fool. Prove them wrong, Lord. Show them your power, and show them your might. For all those who deny your existence and reject your law, reveal yourself in all your glory, and vindicate your servant.
Teach me your ways, Lord, and show me the path that leads to you. Lead me to salvation through the truth of your word and do not make me wait, but remember your great love for me and show me your mercy. Forgive the foolish sins from my past and keep me from making the same mistakes in my life once again, for the sake of your goodness and grace.
Instruct me in your ways Lord, and teach me to be humble. Silence all my pride, and don’t allow me to forget my great need for you. Show me your faithfulness and forgive all my sin and guilt just as you have promised, through your Son, my Savior and Lord, Jesus Christ. Direct my life and guard my steps so that everything goes well with my life. Keep me from stumbling or falling into familiar temptations while I focus my eyes on you.
Turn your ear to me and be gracious, Lord God, for even as I trust you and pursue your glory, my heart is still heavy with anxiety and fear. My troubles are too many for me to bear and my sorrow is overwhelming. Though I know that much of my trouble is the self-inflicted result of my sin, I pray you will forgive all I have done and renew my soul. Restore me to what I am supposed to be and help me to follow you.
Then I will proclaim your wonderful work and worship your magnificent name. I will praise you with a thankful heart that is full of wonder and love. I will rejoice with your people even in times of sorrow, knowing the sorrow will not last long, because you, Lord God, will save me. You have maintained your servant and fulfilled your gracious promise to me. For I know, Lord God, that you are faithful. I know that you are good, because you will never forsake those who seek you. You will not abandon those who trust in your name. Be gracious to me, because I trust your name. Be good to me because I seek you. See my affliction and rescue me from my troubles. Make yourself known and bring glory and honor to your name.
Through Jesus Christ, I pray, Amen. ~Read: Psalm 9, 15, 25; (Jeremiah 44:1-14); (1 Corinthians 15:30-41); (Matthew 11:16-24)


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Actual Films (Organization) - Madison Heights Public Library
The organization Actual Films represents an institution, an association, or corporate body that is associated with resources found in Madison Heights Public Library.

 Data from Actual Films - Madison Heights Public Library

http://madisonheights.library.link/resource/6RDb4gYCels/

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An unspoken story is shared when you take a photo!: 2008-08-17
A while back I mentioned that I was considering going back to work part-time. I have come to the conclusion that I do need the time away and that the boys will actually enjoy being around other children as well. I did put in a couple of apps, one at my old job we'll call it bank #1 and then another at a credit union. I was really hoping to get a postion at the credit union since the hours were perfect and the pay scale is awesome starting is more than I have ever made in my life. At Bank #1 I would be working with my best friends and where I am familiar, but the pay scale is literally 4-5 dollars less per hour and the hours are 4-8 hours less than what I want. Well, on friday I got a call from the credit union and they have asked me to come in for an interview for a position 1 mile from my house. I am so excited at the possibility and a little nervous since I have'nt been out in the working world for a little over 3 years. I guess I just use my incredible wit and charm to win them over! HA HA!! LOL!
DW is happy for me and I think is also welcoming the relief of the 'fianacial stretch' we'll call it.
I look forward to seeing you all in a few days when I get back from my fun in the sun weekender!
Posted by photomama at 6:43 AM 8 comments: Links to this post
In case you may be wondering why are my boys in they're underwear and Little Mister looks like his diaper hasn't been chaged in two days, They were running in the sprinkler and just kept on playing after that. I figured why mess with peace. They kept playing like this for a good three hours, YEAH!! The awesome thing as that our trees are so big in the back yard that they don't get hot hot and they have a nice breeze.
The boys are starting to play so well together.
Big Mister loves playing in underwear and is having fun.
Little Mister loves the sand box, and usually comes in looking like the sand man!
I am also going to Join in on Feel Good Friday with Elizabeth over at Mommyetc..
I feel good tis friday because ...
-it is finally Friday, thank God!!
-I am going on a mini- beach vacation with the hubby and kiddos, and we are so excited.
-today is my youngest sisters birthday, don't ask how she is because I can't remember. I think 23, (don't tell her)
-This weeks weigh-in for my class was awesome. There is excitement, I did lose a good third of my class but that's okay, the ones who are serious about losing weight are the ones who are still in the class and are going to share a large pot.
-his week was rough emotionaly for me and I am just glad that I have this many postive thoughts.
Posted by photomama at 8:57 AM 9 comments: Links to this post
Labels: feel good friday, foto friday
Posted by photomama at 3:21 PM 5 comments: Links to this post
is a challenge in many phases. I absolutely love love the herbalife product line. They are indeed a huge part of my success. The class was the motivation part and so that only left a little part to will power which is good because when I started the first of the year, I had none. The last 6 weeks has been creeping along but I did at last crunch a few numbers and am at 56 point something for toatl losses. I think with another 4 lbs lost I will have my bmi at ten points less than when I started. I think bmi is an important way to keep yourself in check because that is your healthy factor, in my not so professional way of calling it. I say that because 25 is the goal for heart healthy. A person weighing 180 lbs and a person weighing 130 lbs could both be at the golden number of 25 because it also goes by your height.
Any way I don't want to bore you but I know lossing weight at stages are frustrating, and I am at that point. But, i also know the program I have been on all along is what works and I have still lost 5.5 lbs the last 6 weeks. so if I really plug away at it I know I can be at another 10 lbs lost by the end of my class on Oct. 2. there is my goal, spoken out load and that usually is my will power.
I have to say tho, I have been enjoying the summer and some of the treats in small amounts and am impressed that my body does allow that.
My quote that I am posting in my class as a reminder to myself and others is
"insanity is defined when you desire different results, but haven't changed a thing to achieve those results!"
well have a great day and hope to post some pictures soon and show off my babies
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Six Word Memoir Meme | Neo-新びっくりブログ
« My Tub Runneth Over
Refer to Rule One »
Got tagged by Fighting Windmills to join the Six Word Memoir Meme. Seemed like fun, so here we go:
Heaven Bound; Keeping Busy While Waiting.
Sometimes too busy. To that end, I have an interview of sorts tomorrow. Hopefully, I will be shifting to a more regulated schedule in April. Depending on how things go tomorrow, I’ll be posting about that.
An alternate and optional rule for this meme was to include an image. I decided that ‘keeping busy’ would require a whole collage of images, so I passed on this.
Oh, almost forgot: here’s the original Meme on Bookbabie.
Normally, when one memes, one tags. Last time I wrote a meme and tagged some folks, I don’t think anyone responded. Not wanting to face that rejection right now, I’m choosing not to tag anyone. Of course, any readers who want to voluntarily join in, please do.
If you do write a meme, then link back to here and link to the original meme. Also, include an image if you want.
This entry was posted on 2008年 2月 20日 at 22:29:49 and is filed under personal.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
11 Responses to “Six Word Memoir Meme”
2008年 2月 20日 at 22:40:30 | Reply
Very good memoir. It’s funny, some people who’ve seen this meme have played even though they weren’t tagged! I think they like it because it is so short, no long lists to write. Thanks for playing:)
2008年 2月 20日 at 23:25:44 | Reply
Thanks for creating. 🙂
2008年 2月 21日 at 03:12:01 | Reply
Good for you for not setting yourself up for rejection. I like the one that you came up with. You are probably the busiest person I know. 🙂
2008年 2月 21日 at 09:56:44 | Reply
I like that one. I wonder if there is blogging in heaven? I don’t suppose there would be much point. It would be all, “Isn’t God wonderful?!?!” 😉
I agree with bookbabie. Short memes: good; long complicated memes requiring much thought: bad.
2008年 2月 21日 at 13:42:30 | Reply
I think you’re on to something there. Perhaps blogs on Earth should be like that.
2008年 2月 21日 at 21:46:45 | Reply
Love your memoir! I should write one, but I’m feeling very unimaginative right now …
2008年 2月 21日 at 23:18:37 | Reply
Bikkuri your memoir is so poetic. I don’t think I can come up with one as nice, but I’ll see what I can do.
2008年 2月 22日 at 00:39:14 | Reply
2008年 2月 22日 at 04:36:24 | Reply
I agree with Stefanie, your memoir is quite poetic. I was tagged for this one as well but I haven’t come up with anything quite yet… maybe tomorrow. Wait here’s one – just in case!
Reading now, and every day after.
2008年 2月 22日 at 18:03:10 | Reply
lol. I like that. I notice a lot of these are falling into a 2+4 pattern.
Six Word Memoir Meme « Classical Bookworm Says:
2012年 2月 26日 at 15:21:21 | Reply
[…] Bikkuri posted an interesting meme which originated with this NPR article. The meme is simple: write your biography in six words, with the option of posting an image to go with it. You can post one or as many as you like. […]