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wellefare of consumer | Auction | Bargaining
Electronic Commerce Research, 1: 169–181 (2001)  2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Internet Advertising, Game Theory and Consumer Welfare
MARCUS CHI-HUNG LING marcus.ling@sunderland.ac.uk Visiting Lecturer, Sunderland Business School, St. Peter’s Campus, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, SR6 0DD, UK KEVIN LAWLER kevin.lawler@sunderland.ac.uk Reader in Industrial Economics, Sunderland Business School, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, SR6 0DD, UK
The aim of this paper is to consider the implications of Internet advertising, for prospective consumer welfare gains/losses. The implications of imperfect information among buyers are discussed to highlight the role of intermediaries and search agents in enhancing consumer welfare in a world of complex products and uncertainty. The argument demonstrates that despite possessing welfare enhancing potential the retailing of complex products on the Internet increases the scope for price discrimination among sellers. Hence, buyers may pay different prices for the same product/services. The paper shows how “agents” may restrict this type of market failure if they possess the ability to search all databases. That the Internet intrinsically exhibits welfare enhancing and reducing characteristic a game model is develop to show how entry of new sellers may proceed or be checked by incumbents. Keywords: Internet advertising, game theory, consumer welfare, Internet economics
1. Introduction When the ﬁrst Internet advertising came out around ﬁve years ago, the direct effects on sales were trivial. In recent years, ﬁrms spent increasing volumes of advertising resources on the Internet to develop e-commerce. The rising trend is phenomenal and is evident in growth rates, rising from $50 million in 1995 to $2.8 billion in 1999 (Table 1). The emerging effects created by Internet advertising are wide-ranging spanning different marketing strategies, which can be illustrated by the expected volume of trade via consumers and businesses (Table 2). In strategic terms, Internet advertising reduces barriers created by geography, thus facilitating the emergence of potential entrants and affecting traditional market shares. With respect to consumer choice, Internet advertising provides a tremendous extra impetus for ﬁrms wishing to practise product differentiation (Ling et al., 1997). Prices are normally vital parameters affecting choice. Ling et al. (1999) uses a game theoretical model to analyse Internet price regimes widely used by Internet retailers. The key implication of this multi-period game shows that time-constrained consumers form rational expectation about prices offered by different Internet retail outlets, and that agents try to
Table 1. Internet advertising revenues. Source: Internet Advertising Bureau (IAB) 2000, + www.Internetnews.com/ On-line advertising (US$ million) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2002 40 266.9 906.5 1,920 2,800* 6,500**
LING, LAWLER
* First three quarters total only. ** Forecast value.
Table 2. Transaction values via the Internet (US$ million). 1995∗ All Consumer Business 100 – – 1996** 500–600 – – 1998+ 32,000 11,200 20,800 2000∗ 168,000 – – 2002+ 425,000 93,500 331,500
Source: ∗ The World in 1997, p. 115. ** The Economist, May 10, 1997. + Nairn (1999).
employ different pricing/advertising strategies to match consumer expectations with price incentives and price-quality relationships. In the subsequent analysis, the major focus is on quality aspects and the economic implications of Internet advertising. A probability analysis is utilised to investigate how agents and ﬁrms may improve the expected payoffs (gains in quality) for consumers in an uncertain world. Furthermore, a game theoretical model is constructed to isolate strategic functions offered by Internet advertising assisting agents’ effort to boost sales. Finally, emergent roles for Internet auctions and advertising are considered. 2. Internet advertising, agent and trade On the Internet, numerous products with varying qualities are advertised and offered to consumers. However, Internet consumers are normally time-constrained and are puzzled by the vast matrix of qualities of goods on sale. Assume that there exists a range of products in a micro-segment environment all with identical selling prices but with different intrinsic qualities. Here quality refers to the “package” including elements such as product design, standard compliance, delivery, and after-sales services. Consumption via the Internet can be seen as a service facilitator when prices on offer are identical. Hence, the well-known Hotelling (1929) model of product differentiation may be applied in serviceoriented situations, where buyers are assumed to be equally distributed along a straight-line horizontal spectrum where ﬁrms are located in different territories to maximise sales. The model predicts that the greater the geographical distance between sellers and buyers, the
higher the time/transaction cost required for delivery or, for waiting for deliveries, and this lowers consumer utilities. The implications of the spatial element are crucial for agent involved in competitive direct marketing via the Internet. For instance, Amazon.com recognises this spatial dimension and consequently has been actively expanding its network of warehouses. The ultimate aim of these outlets is to create a distribution network capable of selling and delivering any item requested by Internet consumers (Tett, 1999). In fact, the prerequisite for efﬁcient delivery is particularly important in areas where consumers are already well served by efﬁcient retailers and good communications infra-structure. At the same time, an efﬁcient business environment implies that Internet retail agents have to face tougher competition being surrounded by traditional retail outlets especially in terms of service qualities and efﬁciency. On the Internet, consumers can search for different categories of goods and services. Nelson (1978) argues that experiential goods are more likely to be affected by advertising than search goods. This is the reason why traditional main media advertising focuses on non-durable and experiential goods/services. However, when advertising costs get cheaper, as advertising space is virtually unlimited on the Internet, there exists many potential opportunities for previously inactive and non-advertised product sectors to advertise on the Internet. However, when more advertising is conducted on the Internet, this creates problems of information overload for buyers. Common knowledge among consumers is extremely limited on the Internet where imperfect knowledge is likely to predominate. Thus, buyers face uncertainty and time-constrained problems when making purchases (Kreps, 1990). To model the informational problems confronting consumers given imperfect knowledge, a simple probability analysis is undertaken. The crucial idea in the example is consistent with the choices offered by used-car markets. Hence, due to lack of information about the true mechanical features of used cars, consumers are thrown into dark and so have to gamble when purchasing. Given that used cars with similar engine characteristics are grouped together, under an identical offer price. Despite the fact that these cars are different in certain quality aspects, sellers who advertise to attract Internet buyers not normally willing to give information on the true mechanical features of cars on offer. Consumers are therefore ignorant of quality levels and do not possess sufﬁcient information to evaluate the potential reliability standards before delivery. This type of buying environment is seen at auction web sites and at used-product supermarkets on the Internet. Retail prices in this analysis are kept identical to facilitate comparisons. However, to reﬂect the varying levels of utilities to be gained by consumers, there exist different perceived buyer values. For instance, we assume that before making a purchase, buyers form the expected mean valuation of that £6000 matches a good quality used car and that £3000 represents a potential ‘lemon’ with low quality. If the market price for all used car models is £5000, consumers are drawn into a gamble. On one hand, if a used car turns out to be of good quality, the purchase is a bargain, representing a £1000 gain. On the other hand, buying a bad quality car results in losses of £2000. In this gambling situation, risk averse consumers will not purchase impulsively and will seek ways to improve their knowledge base. However, any buyers may not have sufﬁcient information/time/ability to make a better choice. As economic search is costly and human beings are often restrained by time, consumers
Table 3. Divergency of users and market values. Users perceived value £6000 £3000 Probability 1/3 2/3 Market price £5000 £5000
Buyers perception Good quality Low Quality
may seek help from intermediaries – search agents, who posses higher levels of expertise and are exposed to more specialised buying techniques. Imagine a situation where an Internet intermediate agent obtains market research information regarding the probability of quality distribution (Table 3). Then they work out a “fair” value for a random purchase, which is £4000 (6000 · 1/3 + 3000 · 2/3). Based on the above “fair” value (£4000), the market price (£5000) implies an average gross proﬁt of £1000 is made on every car sold at Internet site. However, buyers are disadvantaged if they are equipped with insufﬁcient data. To improve payoffs, agents can investigate vehicle histories and make professional judgements accordingly. The agent’s intention is to search for a used car, which has quality at least equivalent to £5000 (good quality as expected by consumers). Obviously, agents can also bargain on behalf of consumers knowing that there is a divergence between the “fair” and market prices. However, price variables are not the major concern of this analysis. This analysis is a simpliﬁed picture of how consumers may be badly served with discriminating pricing practices, and how agents may operate between retailers and buyers. Inevitably, the values of probability distributions help predict market “fair” values. In reality, there are more quality variables forming the formulae for deducing a “fair” price and for other quality evaluations. Indeed, agents equipped with specialised information and marketing techniques will be attentive to special features relating to an optimal consumption choice such as product durability, brand quality, ISO standards and maintenance. The key role played by agents essentially transforms time-constrained consumers into non-time constrained buyers or, eliminates consumer ignorance of potential choices. Agents possess complex databases of quality performance indicators for ranges of products. For instance, within a speciﬁc market subsegment, when consumers specify a range of prospective purchase prices, agents then utilise search technologies to select the mechanise with the highest quality rating. Without such systems organised by search agents, consumers are likely to trade-off time saved against lower merchandise quality. Assuming that the probability distribution in the previous example was reversed between the two quality categories, the resulting “fair” price becomes £5000 (6000 · 2/3 + 3000 · 1/3), which is exactly the same as the market price. If consumers accept to pay this market rate, the role of agents is to ensure that the purchased car is of good quality. This demonstrates the potential welfareenhancing role played by intermediate agents. The issue of incomplete buyer information is crucial for e-commerce, particularly if consumers are sensitive to product quality variations. In traditional economic models, asymmetric information problems normally do not apply to suppliers, hence suppliers on Internet may play a dual role in retailing competition. On one hand, they advertise as much information as possible to match consumer expectations effectively, whereas, on the other hand, they may conceal vital information as evident in the used-car market example; or, they may focus on advertising favourable quality dimensions to motivate sales. Thus, sell-
ers may advertise to strengthen brand image and implicit by-products, such as “goodwill” and generic brand quality. These countervailing economic features arise from the informative and persuasive elements in the advertising process.1 The former is regarded as welfare enhancing while the latter may be wasteful in resources. The two conﬂicting advertising inﬂuences are becoming common on the Internet as sellers invest ever-increasing volumes of advertising outlays at the expense of more traditional advertising media (Ling et al., 1999). The persuasive aspects of advertising are strategically employed to strengthen “brands” and retail value. The “quality” element created by Internet advertising is the “perceived” quality derived from inherited brand “reputation”, recognition and prestige. According to Kreps and Wilson (1982), reputation effects can be easily established. Logically, therefore, the heavier the target advertising becomes the more favourable the perceived quality rating. Consequently, persuasive advertising tends to pull consumers nearer to advertised brands and further away from rival products with less attached advertising. If advertising via the Internet is utilised optimally and follows certain strategic patterns, some ﬁrms are likely to eliminate rivals or obtain higher market shares.
3. A game model for optimal advertising and product entry To examine the realistic interactions between a set of close competitors, a game theoretical approach is employed in the following section. This approaches follows zero-sum game principles, which is a close reﬂection of a mature market rivalry (Kreps, 1991). This analytical approach here allows for the concept of strategic groups to prevail and the product heterogeneity to exist. The game model demonstrated below aims to indicate the optimal allocation of advertising outlays in competitive environments with common knowledge of the prospects of proﬁtable entry. This model enables arch rivals, with equal ﬁnancial strength to tailor advertising strategies to maximise returns in target markets. The following resource matrix represents the “knowledge” of common competitive strategic conditions in the industry. Realising that an established ﬁrm cannot always defend all product categories in the market, potential entrants have an incentive to get into any possible market gap and make proﬁts. To simplify the real world and concentrate on target segments, the model assumes that an incumbent produces two products T1 and T2, yielding a constant unit return of M1 and M2, respectively. Incumbent, however, usually possess more market information and expertise, which allows them to take more exact control over strategic moves. Proﬁt-driven incumbents will choose to maximise returns by concentrating advertising on a product with higher proﬁtability, leaving potential entrants with a credible threat, which minimises their prospects of fruitful entry. This condition is compatible with a classical two player zero sum game. To avoid unnecessary clashes into the incumbent’s target product area, rational
1 The two major economic characters of advertising are supported by two polarised schools of thought.
Stigler (1961), Telser (1964) and Nelson (1974) stress those informative functions of advertising. While Comanor and Wilson (1967), Schmalensee (1972) and Lambin (1976) employ a persuasive view on advertising.
Table 4. An advertising investment matrix. Entrant e A−e Incumbent i A−i
Target products T1 T2
Note: e and i refer to volume of advertising investment (units), A refers to total advertising resource.
Figure 1. The expected payoff for the entrant in product area T1.
entrants tend to take actions after an incumbent does. The potential entrants are followers in a multistage game. If M1 > M2, the incumbent will invest i to enhance sales of T1, allowing A − i for T2 (Table 4). This implicitly assumes that incumbent takes the ﬁrst move and entrants react accordingly based on observed market potential, thus, If i > e, then A − e > A − I. (1)
This implies entrant obtains a payoff of (A − e) − (A − i) M2 = (i − e)M2. (2)
Note. The payoff is assumed to be a multiple of the unit of successful advertising messages (e − i) and the marginal rate of return of advertising messages (M). If an entrant becomes aggressive, with an intention to dominate product market T1, it needs to create sufﬁcient successful advertising messages to eliminate the advertising impact from the incumbent, hence, for e > i, the resulting payoff = (e − i)M1. M1(e − i), if e > i, M2(i − e), if e < i. (3)
Therefore, the overall expected payoff for the entrant is shown as follows: E(e, i) = (4)
Figure 1 shows the payoff matrix for an entrant using a convex function of E(e, i). This indicates that an entrant can get a positive payoff from product from T1, providing its advertising investment volume is above i. However, the primary objective of the incumbent
is to minimise the payoff of potential entrants. This means the incumbent needs to identify its strategic investment for minimising M2(i) and M1(A − i). At i, M2(i) = M1(A − i) ⇒ M2(i) + M1(i) = M1 · A ⇒ i = M1 · A/(M1 + M2). investment i ∗ (5) The location of i in Figure 1 refers to the optimal = M1 · A/(M1 + M2) for defending incumbent’s product territory T1. Based on this probability indicator, the corresponding optimal investment for T2 is M2 · A/(M1 + M2). The model enjoys some degree of ﬂexibility. As proﬁtability changes among product alternatives, the relative ratio [M1/(M1 + M2)] adjusts accordingly to indicate new optimal allocations of advertising outlays among different products. With an optimal strategic advertising game model, incumbents can work out a detailed strategic action plan, which is consistent with the fundamental economic principle of maximising the expected returns in major product areas.
4. Further analysis The use of a game model is to demonstrate that competitions between advertising agents are rational. They act and react with respect to each other’s actions. Advertising very often can affect pricing. Moreover, the cost of advertising can be passed onto consumers. This means that rising competition via expansion of advertising outlays can result in escalating pricing if players cannot optimize their advertising budgets. From the point of view of consumers, unlimited increase in competition via advertising can be socially wasteful, too. Ironically, advertising can be very costly to ﬁrms. Hence, continuous up-scaling of advertising may not be ﬁnancially viable for ﬁrms with smaller marketing budgets. This motivates market players to use advertising budgets strategically in order to trigger different expected responses from market players. Hence, each agent can be expected to act in accordance with certain strategic patterns following game model interactions as described in the previous section. The intention of players for this type of game model is to maximise market share. However, the welfare status of consumers is largely neglected. Internet advertising emerges as a break-though in terms of provision of informative data. Before the Internet era, due to the constraints imposed by the lack of efﬁciency of information exchange and diffusion, asymmetric and imperfect information were the biggest barriers for bridging buyers and sellers. With more intermediate agents serving as ﬁltering processors for ﬁnal data users, the welfare implications of advertising on the Internet become more difﬁcult to be evaluated. This is because quality aspects of advertised merchandises cannot be easily determined by Internet users and even intermediate agents in the short run. Moreover, with the problem of information overload, consumers may collect more irrelevant information and formulate undesirable expectation which may affect their judgement and rational expectation. In the market place, it is common that a seller provides more than one category or type of goods. For instance, big international brewers have been utilising heavy advertising
budget for advancing their market shares. Ling (1998) illustrates brewers can employ advertising to establish long run accumulative effect on sales. Given the fact that brewers are not selling a single type of beer products, their marketing forces have to deal with a proliferation of beers offering for beer drinkers. In terms of market share competition, each of these international brewers is aiming to enhance their existing market share and at the same time each is actively exploring new market potential to strengthen the aggregate market portfolio. With the growth of Internet advertising, many big players have been placing huge budget for the creation of Internet advertising inﬂuences, such as famous brewers like Guinness, Heineken and Asahi. This type of non-price competition, to certain extent, can create puzzling effects on consumption. However, at the same time, Internet advertising represents a strategic inﬂuence to deter or accommodate market entry. As said, the nature of Internet advertising is largely divided into two main categories, one is to highlight its persuasive power for pulling in consumers, while the other is to give better information with respect to advertised products. The role of intermediate agents is more signiﬁcant for the latter as information expertise can facilitate the execution of consumption and enhance the value derived from prospective consumption. Assuming that human beings are constrained by time, the role of intermediate agents can consequently increase the welfare of consumers by providing value-added services for consumers. The process represents a transformation of consumption mode from time-constrained to nontime-constrained. Of course, in our business world, there is a value attached to the respective transformation. Rational consumers requesting services from intermediate agents are supposed to gain a beneﬁt which exceeds, or at most equal to, the cost paid to an agent. Simply, this also represents an improvement of social welfare and in simple term a gain in time cost. For services or consumption processes which can allow the ease of comparison on prices, such as beer prices between international brewers, the role of intermediate agents is less signiﬁcant. However, market players can utilise Internet advertising to reach certain strategic objectives which will be examined in the following section. Concerning the welfare implication of the Internet advertising of the N-product case, the resulting market performance may limit the dimension of future competition. Therefore, Internet can create changing market environment for market players and the structure of competition. These eventually can introduce changing welfare implications such as choice availability and the possibility of practising price discrimination.
5. N -product case In actual markets, ﬁrms usually produce more than one product. With increasing use of product differentiation strategy to penetrate market gaps, a more advanced analysis for sophisticated interactions between product groupings is required. For N-product case, the above theoretical concepts are employed. When an incumbent intends to allocate advertising resources QC for N-products, namely C1 , C2 , . . . , CN , these products also assigned relative proﬁtability values (i.e., the constant marginal return), namely M1 , M2 , . . . , MN , respectively, and where proﬁt indices are arranged in such a way that 0 < M1 < M2 · · · < MN . Assuming that an entrant has QE units of advertising outlay
for promoting target products, namely E1 , E2 , . . . , EN , and QC > QE . The entrant is expected to use a strategy such that, Ei = QE , for i = 1, . . . , N. Similarly, the incumbent will employ a strategy which is of the same format, such that Ci = QC , for i = 1, . . . , N. In economic terms, the resource allocation for each of the C is is to give a best response for each incumbent’s product against the entrant’s attack. The model requires more realistic assumptions if an N-product case is employed for strategic game predictions. First, one unit of incumbent advertising outlay is equivalent to one unit of entrant advertising in terms of absolute advertising inﬂuence on sales. The effect of advertising on competitor’s sales is countervailing. The countervailing remaining inﬂuence depends on the volume of outnumbering units of advertising outlays. To measure successful market penetration power, the higher the number of non-matched attacking messages, the better the resulting penetrating forces to gain market share from the incumbent. Secondly, the payoff for a player is the sum of the resulting penetrations for each of the target products. Hence, for an entrant with products E1 , . . . , EN , the expected payoff is E(EC) = Mi max(0, Ei − Ci ), for i = 1, . . . , N, where, Ei ≥ 0, Ci ≥ 0, Ei = QE and Ci = QC , for i = 1, . . . , N. The resulting outcome is determined by the convex function of E(EC) in C for each E and vice versa. Consequently, the optimal solution consists of a pure strategy for incumbent and a mixed strategy for the entrant. A point consistent with some empirical studies is that since each entrant uses a mixed strategy, it is therefore not rational to attack low proﬁtability product groups. Instead, entrants usually employ random selection strategies and put entire budgets on single products to create greater “outnumbering messages”. In response, the incumbent will always defend the high return product grouping and leave low return items with less protection. If the game is played optimally, incumbent will stay in the market presenting no soft targets for potential entrants. As argued by Friedman (1977), the incumbent must defend her market against a signiﬁcant attack from a single entrant. Ironically, there appears to be chances for entrants in the markets with low returns, however, entrants will obtain less than the value of game if they attack these. With the information on M1 , M2 , . . . , MN , the precise solutions for optimal allocation of advertising can be calculated. In utilising game models and the concept of optimal advertising, a computer programme was generated for calculating the precise ﬁgures for resources used in an entry deterrence game. The simulation results indicate that the Gaussian technique for solving simultaneous systems is able to determine optimal game solutions. This provides more potential avenues for future research in this area.
6. The emerging role of internet commerce The on-line auction web site, e-Bay attracted sales of $307 million in the last three quarters of 1998 and its popularity is expected to achieve $3.2 billion sales in 2002 (Taylor, 1999).2 Rather than providing listed prices for products, this Web site allows people to auction
2 The auction business via the Internet is expected to experience healthy growth as this line of business has
low overheads. In 1998 e-Bay enjoyed gross margins as high as 86% and unlike other on-line businesses, it discovered opportunities for proﬁt and achieved a net income of $19.5 M (Taylor, 1999).
goods and the web sites invite bids from interested parties. The advertising process on this site is more or less like classiﬁed newspaper advertisements, which facilitate the exchange of goods and services. The buying environment allows more negotiation compared to traditional retail markets. The goods sold via this auction site go to the highest bidder. This implies traded prices are set by the highest offer made by potential buyers for every period when offers are agreed. Bakos (1998) argues that web-based auctions reverse the traditional functions of retail markets. Certainly, they provide more complicated matching processes for demand and supply. Apart from e-Bay, there are many other on-line auction sites. For instance, last-minute unsold air-tickets are auctioned by airlines; thus Onsale.com carries out on-line auctions in a way similar to ﬁnancial markets; moreover, Priceline allows prospective bidders to specify requirements for the goods they intend to buy and place offers for auctioned good with participating sellers. In a world puzzled by uncertainty and imperfect information, this auction channel actually converts Internet advertising information into a more powerful strategic tool enhancing the practice of price discrimination. From economic welfare principles, enhanced discriminatory power results in reductions of consumer surplus and increases in sellers’ proﬁts. However, auctions are an efﬁcient way for solving negotiations in one-to many situations. Binmore (1985) uses sequential negotiation processes to demonstrate results of negotiations between rational economic agents recorded at auctions. When transaction costs especially time and communication costs are substantial, auctions eliminate unnecessary inefﬁciency in retail markets. In the case of auctions with reservation prices, Riley and Samuelson (1981) and Myerson (1981) argue that no matter how many bidders exist, sellers impose minimum reservation prices above true values. This phenomenon tends to move equilibrium auction prices away from true equilibria, thus reducing the overall efﬁciency of market institutions. Levin and Smith (1996) argue that competition should serve to enhance the efﬁciency of auctions and to reduce sellers’ incentives to deviate from the efﬁcient valuations. In their earlier studies, Levin and Smith (1994) showed that at auctions with sufﬁcient entry, sellers have no economic incentive to overstate true reservation prices. Due to the fact that Internet commerce focuses on personalisation and customisation services, bargaining processes are essential in determining the payoffs for parties involved in transactions, especially for one-to-one negotiations. The extent to which consumes surplus is extracted depends on the types of bargain, levels of competitive responsiveness and key knowledge of the players. Game theoretical principles can be applied to the bargaining process over the Internet. Relative strengths in bargaining are determined by the relative levels of data owned by parties to the negotiation. The second aspect of a bargaining game concerns the time duration. In most cases in the Internet trade, counter-offers are possible between traded parties. The use of strategic delays in the bargaining game can be employed to signal strengths in the negotiation process. This concept was ﬁrst introduced by Admati and Perry (1987). The use of counter-offers implies that it is possible to generate a series of sequential equilibria during the complex bargaining process as in the models studied by Chatterjee and Samulson (1987). Stronger agents simply wait (strategic delays) for the weak opponent to reply (crack) and then reveal choices, preferences and other decisive elements for the bargain. The number of rounds in the bargaining process depends
on the number of elements needed to be revealed until an opponent cracks. This is typical in one-to-one bargaining processes. In welfare terms, consumers always welcome an “efﬁcient deal” with the lower transaction time costs. In fact this is a crucial service “quality” offered intermediaries. For a one-to-many bargaining regime, the situation is similar to auction trades on-line. If the seller invites bids for speciﬁc contracts of services, the contract falls to the bidder with the best price. However, if the traded good is speciﬁc, search and negotiation are carried out simultaneously, until equilibrium price is reached. In general, sellers may control bargaining processes as they have power to screen all prospective buyers and practise price discrimination implicitly. This may be the reason why prices on Internet are not necessarily lower than goods transacted via traditional retail markets. Bailey and Brynjolfsson (1997) ﬁnd little evidence to support the existence of lower prices in the Internet trading environment compared to normal retail outlets. However, shorter transaction times can be regarded as better quality service provided by the Internet. Moreover, Milgrom (1987) argues that if sellers are able to re-offer an unsold item, there are incentives for them to overstate true values. The sheer size of the Internet marketplace makes it easy to attract potential buyers. This motivates sellers to set reservation prices above the true values, resulting in market failures in some auction markets. However, when the number of bidders falls short of expected/pre-determined levels, reservation prices may be adjusted downwards creating a “ﬂexible reserve” phenomenon as illustrated by Smith (1989). Hence, overstating true product values are not likely in these cases. Smith (1996) argues that auction prices based on “ﬂexible reserve systems” usually relate to objects that have obvious ‘common’ or afﬁliated values. When the number of similar websites increases, the bidding processes and bargaining operations become more competitive. Buyers accumulate more knowledge and form better judgements about assessing market values for good/services sold via the Internet. Therefore, the price of goods sold via these Internet auction web sites should not deviate much from the “perceived” market values in the long run. With regards to Internet commerce utilising agents, Vulkan (1999) argues that there exist suppliers who do not allow their sites to be interrogated by search agents. The technical limitation of inaccessibility restricts the possibility of searching genuine low prices, or better quality services. To a large extent, Internet developments are consumer-driven phenomena. However, central to the potential successes of smart agent Internet shopping are supply-side retailers attitudes towards smart agents. For instance, Yovovich (1995) argues on-line retailers are not amenable to smart search agents entering in their databases.
7. Conclusions The paper has examined the role of imperfect information and “agents” where buyers are time constrained. The potential for the Internet to transform the “knowledge” environment for buyers is clearly cost. However, Internet advertising—like other forms—possesses “persuasive” and informative features. These enhance or reduce consumer welfare potential. Where buyer information is limited, and where common knowledge is restricted the key role of Internet “search agents” is shown a balance to be likely to be welfare in-
creasing. As e-commerce develop the linkages between retailers, agents and consumers may become more complex. Generally, in the long run, as the “knowledge domain” of consumer increases via Internet activity agents will perform a key “quality” service for buyers by matching prices, consumer expectations with “quality” sellers. Proﬁt maximising search agents who fail to do this consistently for consumers with rational expectations will go bankrupt. The consumer driven philosophy of the Internet e-commerce activity will be the dominating feature in Net development in the next ﬁve years. References
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Smith, L. and D. Levin. (1996). “Optimal Reservation Prices in Auctions.” Economic Journal 106, 1271–1283. Stigler, G. (1961). “The Economics of Information.” Journal of Political Economy 72, 213–225. Taylor R. (1999). “Sales Growth Drives Internet Stocks.” Financial Times 38, 28 January. Telser, L. (1964). “Advertising and Competition.” Journal of Political Economy 72, 537–562. Tett G. (1999). “World Stock Market: Fund Piles Weight.” Financial Times. Vulkan, N. (1999). “Economic Implications of Agent Technology and E-commerce.” Economic Journal 109, 67–90. Yovovich, B. (1995). “Smart Agents do the Shopping.” Advertising Age 8, 31 July.
Marcus Ling is a project manager at the Asia Marketing Intelligence Business Consulting in Hong Kong. He is an Applied Economist who has a considerable number of publications on Internet Advertising, the Telecommunications Market, South East Asian Economics and UK Brewing. Dr. Ling worked as a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Sunderland in the UK since 1993. Recently, he has contributed to various chapters to three texts for both undergraduate and post-graduate students.
Kewin Lawler is a Reader in Industrial Economics at the University of Sunderland. His research interests cover all areas of econometrics, especially those connected with application of game theory. He has recently published two texts in these areas. He has supervised a large number of PhD candidates in Economics and Business.
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Contemporary French Literature: Essays book by Leon S. Roudiez (Editor), Justin O'Brien | 1 available editions | Alibris Books
Books Literary Criticism European French Contemporary French Literature: Essays
Contemporary French Literature: Essays
Leon S. Roudiez (Editor), Justin O'Brien
1971, Rutgers Univ. (1971)
1971, Rutgers U. P
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Fine. 0813506611 Wonderful 1971 book has no marking or wear inside or out except for gentle surface/edge scuffing to dust jacket which is also price clipped and has sticker residue on turnback.
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Very good in very good dust jacket. Rutgers U.P., New Brunswick, NJ, 1971. 1st Edition, VG+/VG-, Hard Cover, Size is 8vo, 300pp(Index). DJ nicked on top/bottom edges & has a 1" tear at top front edge, o.w. clean, tight & bright. NO ink names etc. 99% OF OUR BOOKS ARE SHIPPED IN CUSTOM BOXES ALL ARE WELL PACKED WITH CARE!
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by Leon S. Roudiez (Editor), Justin O'Brien
Books by Leon S. Roudiez Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection
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Enjoying Weight Loss With Hypnosis Techniques | weight loss program
Home » burn fat » diet » weight loss » Enjoying Weight Loss With Hypnosis Techniques
Enjoying weight loss hypnosis is the obvious response people have when you realize the role hypnosis plays in weight loss. What all people actually desire is to remove the unhealthy, embarrassing, uncomfortable, excess fat from their body. And almost all people know what it takes to do this. Eat healthy foods, mixing it up while not eating the same thing every day, eat smaller portions for your appetite to be satisfied and to be active. Hypnosis is what helps makes this easy to do so it's understandable people are enjoying weight loss hypnosis.
weight loss for men, weight loss programs for women, weight loss tips,
I don't need to convince anyone that traditional diets don't work. Some don't because they are just money making garbage heaps of information but those programs that do deliver helpful information don't do the trick because the person can't stick with it. And when they do, they eventually slip back to their old behaviors, but when hypnosis for weight loss is in your routine as a lifestyle, you can maintain the healthy changes and create just what I wrote, an improved lifestyle.
It is true that not everyone responds equally as well but I like to see people take small steps before big, meaning if you use either of my hypnosis for weight loss self improvement audio programs you will spend less money than individual hypnosis session, which average around $100 per hour, and you can start using hypnosis in the privacy of your own home which is also very convenient. However, the best approach would be to contact a reputable, experienced hypnotism professional and invest in yourself
Those hypnotists tapes for weight loss aren't as clear to listen to and are old. I'm surprised we still have some around." I smile and they say, "I mean the CDs." This also gives me a chance to point out how conditioned we are and we consciously aren't even aware of some of the things we say and do, like the unhealthy eating patterns that motivated them to come see me in the first place.
These days no matter where you go hypnosis weight loss New York, Thailand, England or Australia is available. Don't think that because America is top of the list for overweight and obese people hypnosis isn't used for weight loss all over the world. I was presenting in England & Denmark recently and talked about different approaches for hypnosis weight loss New York hypnotherapists use and some methods a colleague I know in Thailand uses.
As I've written and talked about many times before we need to be able to change the unhealthy behaviors and association to food in a way that is comfortable for it to be a lifestyle change and not some temporary switch that is doomed to fail and then go back to the old way. Then what usually happens is the person gains even more weight and would have been better off staying at the weight they were. What a disaster this cycle is yet people continue to fall into the trap and need to know about hypnotherapy and weight loss information to empower them.
After I hypnotize weight loss clients I need to remind them that hypnosis is not a quick fix and they need to use this process consistently. I use the metaphor of going to a gym. If you go to the gym and get benefits, you don't stop going. If you stop going you stop getting the benefits of improving and maintaining your body. It's the same with the mind.

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151 Best Alphabet for toddlers images in 2020 | Alphabet for toddlers, Alphabet worksheets preschool, Alphabet pictures
Collection by Sweta Jain • Last updated 9 days ago
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We are so excited to dig into Unit 1 in our science sequence! We kick off science this year with My Body and My Five Senses . It is the perfect place to start science with our primary kiddos. This year we are going to explore and learn about the world around us, starting with our own bo
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Kindergarten sight words mini bundle includes 5 different ways for your kinder students to practice the Dolch Pre-Primer 40 sight words. They will have a chance to build all 40 words (letter tiles included). In these Sight Word Builder mats, students will not only build the sight word, they will t...
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Border Wall in the News: New Border Fences Cut Off Access To Border Monuments
Posted by NO BORDER WALL at 9:56 AM


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Updated: January 28, 2012, 7:33 AM ET
As the NHL All-Star Game approaches, one must ask: How does a hockey player become famous in America? Well, Los Angeles Kings players Mike Richards, Anze Kopitar, Matt Greene and Drew Doughty aim to find out, taking a crash course from The Fame Makers (L.A. comedy writers/performers Neil Campbell and Mike Hanford) in this Funny or Die video. Now, if Kim Kardashian shows up to a Kings game soon, we'll know it works Have you seen a cool sports-related video that deserves to go ...Read full story

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Tuesday Tips – Outdoor Weddings | Perfect Day Wedding Planners
Tuesday Tips – Outdoor Weddings
Posted in Outdoor Weddings, Wedding Tips	by Perfect Day Wedding Planners
During the summer and fall we see a lot more outdoor weddings. Sometimes the ceremony is inside and then the reception outside, or vice versa. Unfortunately, the weather is not always your friend. Obviously the best case scenario is that it is a beautiful sunny day with minimal wind. And that is what we hope for you! But, just in case the day is not ideal, it is always best to have a “Plan B” in place.
Here are 10 tips to keep in mind when planning an outdoor wedding:
Be sure and let guests know that it is an outdoor wedding so they can plan their attire accordingly. They may want to bring an umbrella, wear flats instead of heels, bring a sweater, etc.
Be sure and order a tent just in case it rains. Make sure to have people on hand who can put it up at the last minute. Or go ahead and have it up and if it’s not needed, it can be used for a kids area!
Consider also ordering temporary floors for use in the tent. High heels and chair legs WILL sink in the wet grass.
Have the grounds sprayed for bugs about an hour before the ceremony or reception starts. Also, have bottles of mosquito spray handy for guests.
In case of wind, you don’t want all your candles to blow out. Put hurricane lamps around all of your candles. Or use battery operated lights for your decor instead of candles.
Have your seamstress sew some tiny weights on the end of your veil. This will keep it from blowing in your face.
Make sure that any table decorations are weighted down — things like seating cards, paper napkins, etc.
Face your guests away from the sun to avoid a glare. Also, avoid metal chairs if it’s going to be hot.
Provide lemonade or water to keep your guests from getting dehydrated. If there’s a chance it might be cooler than normal, provide hot coffee and tea.
Print your ceremony program on thick fan shaped paper. This will be practical and useful in case it’s a hot day.
Let Perfect Day Wedding Planners help with all the details of your wedding. We’ll worry about the details, so you can have fun and celebrate. Email us today for a consultation!
Ceremony, Outdoor Weddings, Relationships, Venues, wedding, Wedding reception, Weddings	1 Comment
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Muddy Farmwife: April 2013
Since I've added an extra day into my work days I have struggled to find time to catch up with my friends and subsequently my Muddy Kids have also missed out with only a small amount of spare time to fit in a long list of things. These school holidays thought I've tried to make a conscious effort to let my Muddy Kids get some quality friend time in. We've had sleepovers and play dates and netball clinics. All things that would normally have to slip by the wayside.
It has been so delightful for my two big Muddy Girls to go on a sleepover together and see how much fun they had, my wonderful friend made snow globes with them and let them watch a movie and have a spa. We had the Muddy Pixie's bestie over for a play and they had so much fun playing in the wool shed, jumping on the wool bales and playing hide and seek in the sheds. We even braved the world of having a friend for a sleepover and it was lots of fun. Not only has it kept the kids entertained and they are falling into bed exhausted each night but the smiles on their faces and the joy it brings me lets me know it's worth the effort.
Muddy Organiser - Exhausted after her first foray into a Netball Clinic but adamant to tell me everything about it
Muddy Pixie - So excited to have her bestie over for a play - captured in the middle of play
Muddy Puzzler - So cheeky climbing the slippery dip
Muddy Baby Boy - Following along, just trying to keep up
Linking up with Jodi at Che and Fidel for the most amazing collection of photographs for 52 - A Portrait a Week
For me she is growing way too fast, she is three and a half going on thirty three, she is way more ahead in areas than her older sisters were at the same age, focused on practicing writing letters and copying them whenever she can, doing somersaults on the grass, riding a bike, all things that even now her older sisters sometimes struggle with. I am in awe of her everyday, especially when she shows me something new she has learnt to do. I know she has her older sisters leading the way and she is desperate to be doing exactly what they're doing but for me it's all too much too quickly. I want her to slow down, I want to savour her being a 3 year old, tantrums and all.
A Portrait of my kids each week, every week in 2013
Muddy Organiser - Deep in counting for Hide and Seek
Muddy Puzzler - Wind in her face as we head up the paddock
Muddy Baby Boy - In his element, outside with a piece of machinery
Muddy Pixie - Sadly I could not capture her this week, the enthusiasm for life and having her first sleepover with her bestie.
Linking up with the very talented Jodi at Che & Fidel for 52 - A Portrait a Week.
A portrait of my kids every week for 2013
Muddy Organiser - Water, fresh from the bore, pumped up by the sun
Muddy Pixie - How quickly tears turn to a smile when the camera comes out
Muddy Puzzler - Eating an apple picked straight from the tree
Muddy Baby Boy - This morning tea stuff up the paddock is serious business
Linking up with Jodi at Che and Fidel for her 52 - A Portrait a Week
As the mornings start to get a bit cooler and the weekend dawns you seem to get that urge, to just snuggle down in bed a little more, pull the doona up and try and sneak in a sleep in. Work days are fine, my brain switches on and I jump up and into the day, but Saturday and Sunday mornings I crave even an extra five minutes of doona time.
Lately on a weekend my Muddy Girls have been getting themselves up, visiting the bathroom and heading back to bed to read books to each other. The Muddy Pixie and Muddy Puzzler sit listening attentively to the Muddy Organiser read them book after book, before they take turns making up the stories in their books and reading them out.
It is a joy to listen to them, all from the comfort of under the doona, yes I may not be asleep but I'm cozy and I'm ridiculously happy listening to them read books, knowing they love them as much as I do.
This is what I'm grateful for this week, the joy of reading, so happy it has been instilled in my Muddy Kids.
Linking up for 52 Weeks of Grateful, hosted by the lovely Bron of Maxabella Loves..
Easter Sunday saw an obscene amount of chocolate delivered by the Easter Bunny, so to help use up some of the sugar high the Muddy Kids were on, we packed up and headed south to the Zoo for the Day. We are lucky to have the Western Plains Zoo only 100km away so it's doable as a day trip. Muddy Hubby and I put on our walking shoes and pushed two prams around the whole zoo (the map says it's 5km, but I think it felt longer especially with side trips here and there to see specific animals). I was very proud of the Muddy Kids, they did quite a bit of walking, they also took it in turns riding in the bike carts their cousins were traveling in, but they still came home absolutely busted, not sure that there was one ounce of a sugar high left - until the next morning when they started all over again!
My favourite animal had to be the Galapagos Tortoise Hatchling, I find it so amazing that something so small can grow so big, with such a big shell.


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Tangoe, Inc. & Cable and Wireless Communications Bring Real-Time Expense Monitoring to Mobile Custom - AOL Finance
Tangoe, Inc. & Cable and Wireless Communications Bring Real-Time Expense Monitoring to Mobile Custom
Tangoe, Inc. & Cable and Wireless Communications Bring Real-Time Expense Monitoring to Mobile Customers in the Caribbean RegionORANGE, Conn.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Tangoe, Inc. (NAS: TNGO) , a leading global provider of Communications Lifecycle Management (CLM) software and related services, today announced that LIME, the Caribbean division of Cable & Wireless Communications (CWC), has adopted Tangoe's Real-Time Telecom Expense Management (Tangoe rTEM) solution as a value-added offering to its customers. Leveraging one of Tangoe's mobile carrier solutions, LIME, the Caribbean's leading communications company, will utilize customized versions of Tangoe rTEM to provide enterprise and residential customers with usage management capabilities that offer real-time expense monitoring of their mobile devices."With our rollout of next-generation network technology and the rapid growth of data-intensive mobile applications, an increasing number of our customers are looking to us to provide tools that will help them manage their mobile device costs and usage in real-time. With Tangoe's rTEM solution, our customers throughout the region, including tourists, can now access real-time usage management tools to help them better manage their mobile service," said Emerson Hewitt, VP of imagineering and mobile, LIME. "We are very pleased to work with Tangoe to deliver these new, market-leading features to our customers."Tangoe's carrier solution portfolio helps enterprise customers and individual users by providing six distinctly bundled services:Managed Mobility Services (MMS)Telecom Expense Management (TEM)Bill Aggregation and PresentationReal-Time Telecom Expense Management (rTEM)Usage Management for Consumers (FamZee)On-Device, Real-Time International Roaming Usage and Cost Management (SmartUsage)Tangoe's customizable carrier solutions assist global communications providers in delivering their mobility customers with a suite of product solutions that are able to meet their varied needs. Using Tangoe rTEM, LIME's enterprise and residential customers can centrally manage telecom expenses in real-time, with streamlined reporting on mobile data, voice and SMS usage, international roaming, usage anomalies, and asset location tracking. LIME plans to launch a branded offering in January 2013 in Jamaica and Barbados and will expand its offering to all of LIME's markets in early 2013."These six carrier solutions help mobile customers gain visibility and control of their mobile device usage through geo-tracking and geo-fencing, policy controls surrounding local and international roaming usage, and security capabilities addressing device theft prevention and recovery, all in real time," said Dan Rudich, senior vice president of business development, at Tangoe. "With our deep expertise in navigating carriers' regional regulatory challenges, we are experiencing increased interest for carrier solutions throughout North America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia Pacific, and South America. We are both pleased and excited to work with LIME on the launch of these solutions in the Caribbean region."For more information on Tangoe's carrier solution or its entire suite of communications lifecycle management solutions, please visit, www.tangoe.com.About Cable & Wireless CommunicationsCable & Wireless Communications is a global full-service communications business. CWC operates leading communications businesses through four regional units - the Caribbean, Panama, Macau, and Monaco & Islands. CWC services include mobile, broadband, domestic, and international fixed-line services in most of its markets as well as pay TV, data center and hosting, and carrier and managed service/social telecom (telecom enabled public services) solutions. Company operations are focused on providing customers - consumers, businesses, governments - with world-class service. Serving the communities where CWC operates is at the heart of the Company's approach, and CWC is committed to behaving in an ethical and socially responsible manner. For more information, visit www.cwc.com.About LIMEWith a proud history in the region, LIME is the Caribbean's largest telecommunications company and is always working to improve the lives of its clients. LIME delivers the very best communication services to governments, businesses, and families in 13 Caribbean countries with one unifying promise—building, connecting, and serving communities. LIME is part of Cable & Wireless Communications PLC, one of the world's leading communications companies.About TangoeTangoe (NAS: TNGO) is a leading global provider of Communications Lifecycle Management (CLM) software and services to a wide range of global enterprises. CLM encompasses the entire lifecycle of an enterprise's communications assets and services, including planning and sourcing, procurement and provisioning, inventory and usage management, mobile device management, invoice processing, expense allocation and accounting, and asset decommissioning and disposal. Tangoe's Communications Management Platform (CMP) is an on-demand suite of software designed to manage and optimize the complex processes and expenses associated with this lifecycle for both fixed and mobile communications assets and services. Tangoe's customers can also manage their communications assets and services by engaging Tangoe's client service group.Additional information about Tangoe can be found at www.tangoe.com. Tangoe is a registered trademark of Tangoe, Inc.PAN Communications, Inc.Nikki Festa, 1-617-502-4300tangoe@pancomm.comKEYWORDS: United States North America Caribbean ConnecticutINDUSTRY KEYWORDS:
The article Tangoe, Inc. & Cable and Wireless Communications Bring Real-Time Expense Monitoring to Mobile Customers in the Caribbean Region originally appeared on Fool.com.

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View Halloween / Fall by LittlePumpkinPapers on Etsy
Happy Halloween Banner - Halloween Decor - Halloween Photo Prop - Glitter Halloween Banner - Halloween Garland
Lori Mascarenas on Sep 24, 2016
Top Top Quality!! Pictures to come...
Tracy on Sep 22, 2016
Loved these--they are just perfect and well made! Thank you!
tbollenbach on Sep 22, 2016
The turnaround time was SO quick! And its adorable! GREAT SHOP!!! :)
4 of 2107 reviews

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Hotel Columbia R574 (R̶1̶ ̶1̶3̶2̶). Palermo Hotel Deals & Reviews - KAYAK
Despite being 2 stars, was 10 mins from the airport bus stop (Via Roma) and all the sites were within walking distance. The hotel was clean and the bed was comfortable, some outside noise as so central but unavoidable. The breakfast was basic but the addition of proper cappuccino’s was great. The hotel staff were really friendly and helpful and gave us information re buses to get to Monreale and Mondello beach.
Some outside noise. Not modern but great value
The staff and the location were great! The breakfast was also nice !
The room window was giving to the WC of the building in from which was less than 1m away. This proximity was also making the room quite dark. The noise isolation could be better !
Nicolas is a good guy
the mattress was dreadful and there was a continuous humming sound all night that gave us a terrbile headache
We were warmly welcomed. Staff helped us with our luggage. Excellent breakfast. Great value for money.
Location was great, the hotel was clean and the staff very polite.
Breakfast was poor, too noisy in the morning from the cleaning staff.
vEx creditery central
a bit noisy outside hotel
Very close to most facilities.
Terribly noisy. Very basic. Bad area of old town.
FAQs when booking at Hotel Columbia
Where is Hotel Columbia located?
Hotel Columbia is located at Via Del Celso 31 in Monte di Pietà, 0,1 km from the centre of Palermo. Quattro Canti is the closest landmark to Hotel Columbia.
When is check-in time and check-out time at Hotel Columbia?
Check-in time is 14:00 and check-out time is 11:00 at Hotel Columbia.
Does Hotel Columbia offer free Wi-Fi?
Yes, Hotel Columbia offers free Wi-Fi.
Does Hotel Columbia offer free parking?
No, Hotel Columbia does not offer free parking.
Does Hotel Columbia offer free airport shuttle service?
No, Hotel Columbia does not offer free airport shuttle service.
How far is Hotel Columbia from the airport?
Hotel Columbia is 24,4 km from Palermo Punta Raisi. Hotel Columbia is 79,6 km from Trapani Birgi.
Can you bring pets to Hotel Columbia?
No, pets are not allowed at Hotel Columbia.
Does Hotel Columbia have a pool?
No, Hotel Columbia does not have a pool on-site.
All photos Bathroom Bedroom Food Front desk Hallway Living room Lobby Restaurant Room amenity Stairs
“Despite being 2 stars, was 10 mins from the airport bus stop (Via Roma) and all the sites were within walking distance. The hotel was clean and the bed was comfortable, some outside noise as so central but unavoidable. The breakfast was basic but the addition of proper cappuccino’s was great. The hotel staff were really friendly and helpful and gave us information re buses to get to Monreale and Mondello beach.”
“The staff and the location were great! The breakfast was also nice !”
“Nicolas is a good guy”
Cattedrale 0,4 km
8,4 Excellent (3 093 reviews)
Search for Hotel Columbia discounts in Palermo with KAYAK. Search for the cheapest hotel deal for Hotel Columbia in Palermo. KAYAK searches hundreds of travel sites to help you find and book the hotel deal at Hotel Columbia that suits you best. R574 per night (Latest starting price for this hotel) - Save up to 35%.

value: A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is typically propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle. The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word qajaq (IPA: [qajɑq]).


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Suzanne Morrison: December 2013
You attended a thousand parties in New York, at art museums and armouries, at a very good funeral home and a world famous theatre. There were pale men in fine suits and duskier-skinned cater-waiters in tuxes. Preserved old ladies wore invasive French scents that reminded you of your grandmother’s Seattle clubs, the Sunset Club and the Rainier Club, the Ladies’ Auxiliary this or the Women’s University that. If you exchanged pleasantries with such ladies your dress would carry some of that fussy old glamour with you when you said goodbye. The girls your age who weren’t there, like you, on the arm of a corporate foundation’s temp, wore lighter scents, all fruit and white flowers. When you told yourself the young girls’ perfumes were just the old lady perfumes of the future, you coveted them less.
Posted by Suzanne Morrison at 2:37 PM 2 comments:


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Don’t Lie | Just Dance Wiki | Fandom
This article is about the song by The Black Eyed Peas. You may be looking for the song by Sean Paul with a similar name.
Solo (Xbox)
47 (P1-Wii)
? (P2-Wii)
"Don't Lie" by The Black Eyed Peas is featured on The Black Eyed Peas Experience.
The first dancer is a woman who resembles Fergie. She followed by characters that resemble apl.de.ap, Taboo, and will.i.am. Their outfits vary depending on which venue the player chooses.
The following dance moves appear on the Xbox 360 version:
Don't Lie (Xbox 360)
Don't Lie on The Black Eyed Peas Experience menu (Wii)
Don't Lie (The Black Eyed Peas Experience Version)
Don't Lie - The Black Eyed Peas Experience (Wii)
Don't Lie - The Black Eyed Peas Experience (Xbox 360)
Don’t Lie - The Black Eyed Peas Experience (Extraction)
Retrieved from "https://justdance.fandom.com/wiki/Don%E2%80%99t_Lie?oldid=1102384"

value: Fandom (also known as Wikia before October 2016) is a wiki hosting service and domain operated by Fandom, Inc. (formerly known as Wikia, Inc.), a for-profit Delaware company founded in October 2004 by Jimmy Wales and Angela Beesley.


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I have not made a post in a few days because I have had a stroke in my eye and have lost some of my sight... I am in recovery mode trying to heal. I will be hear but in a limited capacity for a little bit until the doctors have run their tests and poked and prodded for a bit. I feel really blessed that it did not happen in my brain and caused me to be paralyzed... That would not be good but for now I will rest and be back soon
Here are a few of the flowers my sweet husband has purchased for me over the last year. He knows that I love flowers and he brings them home on occasion for no reason at all. I love you sweetheart
Here is a great friend that I love and miss. He passed away from cancer one year ago today. He had a caring bridge site for terminally ill and sick people and the following is a post that I put on his guest book that day. So I am re-posting it in his honor today and remembering him and what he meant to me.
Things I have learned from Budo, 1. How to smile, because being around him was so fun that I could not help myself he would do things that made me smile and it did not matter what that was. 2. How to laugh, just being around him you did not know what was going to happen so I would just sit back and watch because I knew that something was coming and he never disappointed me 3. How to read, well not literally but he gave me the love that was needed to enjoy books and that was something that I didn’t have 4. How to relax, he taught me that life was to live and not to worry about the small stuff because in the end it would all work out. He said “do stuff in s…
She told me the song…
I wanted to make something to display the engagement pictures for my son's wedding shower last month at the party so I came up with this idea
I took a large unfolded card board and painted it white. Next I took a small cardboard painted white and hot glued cut pieces of Styrofoam onto the back then glued it to the center of the large piece. I then took white duct tape and taped the white lights to the back of the small piece so that they poked out on the sides Then on the back side of the entire piece in the center I cut a small hole just large enough to push the tail of the lights from the front to the back.
Then I took a large screw driver and poked random holes in the back of the board and poked the lights through to the front and taped them in place. I did this all the way around the entire back of the board On the front side I took large tissue paper, the kind that you use to wrap gifts inside of gift bags and I cut them into a ruff size of six inches squares but you can make the…
This is not the cake I had planned to put together but it was good and very eatable. I had…
I love this video with Andy Griffith... I love Andy I grew up watching him as a kid and he is and always will be one of my favorites! I will miss him but we are so lucky to have the shows that he was in to remember him by. I pray that his family will have peace in their hearts.
Here are a few more pictures from our Wedding shower I love this picture! My sweet sister in law with my sweetheart! Here are my parents Debbie, dad and mom Here are my parents in law I love them so much Great Grandma getting a hug from Brittney My husband did such a great job fixing the food, he is standing next to my father This is funny... all the next pictures will be of people holding lemons... We played the Mr. Right and Ms. Left game so when they heard left or right that is the way the lemon went... The person left holding the lemon at the end of the game won a prize... It was a really fun game and everyone was laughing really heard by the end of the game as it became very fast. LOL Kristen is listening way too hard I thought that this picture was funny, my father in law is sitting in front of the balloons so now they look like they are coming out of the top of his head...
Soooo much fun! I love my family and it was a great party.


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Sir-Gilligan-Horry (Sir Gilligan Horry) | DeviantArt
Sir-Gilligan-Horry
Sir Gilligan HorryUnited States Recent Activity
18 Deviations 23 Comments 5,028 Pageviews 0 Scraps 0 Watchers 0 Critiques 0 Forum Posts 0 Favourites More Stats
Sir Gilligan Horry // Jims Space Agency
Sir-Gilligan-Horry 0
Best Aliens UFOs Disclosure Proof
Aliens UFOs Best Research Videos
Aliens UFOs Extraterrestrials
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Sir-Gilligan-Horry 1
Sir Gilligan Horry UFO Aliens UFOs Proof Evidence
Sir Gilligan Horry UFO Postcards Aliens UFOs Proof
Sir Gilligan Horry UFO Postcards and Aliens UFOs Proof Evidence. Browse Gallery
Devious Journal Entry by Sir-Gilligan-Horry,
May 1, 2012, 5:46:13 PM
Journals / Personal Artist with Acrylic on Canvas, UFO Researcher, Aliens ETs Researcher, Web Designer, Adobe Flash, and Video Editing Professional. Please Enjoy my website... ProjectMotherShip.blogspot.comProjectMotherShip.blogspot.comEnjoy !!! No Comments
Sir-Gilligan-Horry Sir Gilligan Horry
Artist | Professional | Varied United States Artist with Acrylic on Canvas, UFO Researcher, Aliens ETs Researcher, Web Designer, Adobe Flash, and Video Editing Professional. Please Enjoy my website... ProjectMotherShip.blogspot.com ProjectMotherShip.blogspot.com
Aliens, UFOs, Space, Art, Video Editing, Design, Creating.
Professional General Artist I will upload more of my designs and creations later, my UFOs and Aliens homepage is here ... ProjectMotherShip.blogspot.com.......... [link]

value: DeviantArt (formerly stylized as deviantART) is an American  online art community featuring artwork, videography and photography subsidiary of the Israeli company Wix.com. It was launched on August 7, 2000 by Angelo Sotira, Scott Jarkoff, Matthew Stephens, and others.


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October 13, 2017 – Rane’s Blog
New Zealand: Thousands of jelly creatures wash up on beaches – http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-41605330
October 13, 2017 Posted in Global Warming, news, current events, Planet Earth (water shortage, deforestation, ..), plants, plant smarts, research, Science, world newsLeave a comment
Nasa carbon space observatory ‘watches Earth breathe’ – http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-41604760
BBC News: Penguins die in ‘catastrophic’ Antarctic breeding season
Penguins die in ‘catastrophic’ Antarctic breeding season – http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-41608722
Tim Cook doesn’t seem to understand that good programmers have to learn English
How do you build the next-generation internet? – http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-41570933
Background check chief has ‘never seen’ mistakes and omissions at level of Jared Kushner forms


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US Patent Application for Associating Advertisements with On-Demand Media Content Patent Application (Application #20080046917 issued February 21, 2008) - Justia Patents Search
Justia Patents Program, Message, Or Commercial Insertion Or SubstitutionUS Patent Application for Associating Advertisements with On-Demand Media Content Patent Application (Application #20080046917)
Publication number: 20080046917
Inventor: David L. de Heer (Woodside, CA)
Application Number: 11/461,254
Current U.S. Class: Program, Message, Or Commercial Insertion Or Substitution (725/32); Insertion Of Local Commercial Or Local Program At Headend Or Network Affiliate (725/36); Commercial Or Advertisement (725/42)
International Classification: H04N 7/10 (20060101); H04N 7/025 (20060101); G06F 3/00 (20060101); G06F 13/00 (20060101); H04N 5/445 (20060101);

value: Justia is an American website specializing in legal information retrieval. It was founded in 2003 by Tim Stanley, formerly of FindLaw, and is one of the largest online databases of legal cases.


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The Shekel - Coins, Law and Commentary: Obama, North Korea and Missile Defense
JSanderson said...
Missile defense is a huge deal and ever though it is getting a lot of notice on the Hill, it isn't getting enough coverage. The North Korea tests drum up interest, but it just doesn't stick. This is even though the public support is there: 88% if you check out our polling (missiledefenseadvocacy.org)
We're trying to get the media interested in covering missile defense. Just got to get the word out.


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Disneyland and California Adventure Parks | Scoop.it
Stay uo to date with Disneyland and California Adventure Parks news, closings and more.
Sneak Peek at Mickey’s Halloween Party at Disneyland Park « Disney Parks Blog
From disneyparks.disney.go.com -	September 8, 2011 12:26 AM
Sneak Peek at Mickey’s Halloween Party at Disneyland Park - The official blog for Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World and Disney Cruise Line...
Disney California Adventure Photo Report!!! « Just Off Main Street
From justoffmainstreet.wordpress.com -	August 10, 2011 11:24 AM
Just Off Main Street regular visitor Sarah Bagley vacationed at the Disneyland Resort in California recently and shared some great photos of some of the new attractions at Disney's California Adventure.
Phineas And Ferb Rockin’ Rollin’ Dance Party At Disney California Adventure | Disney Dreaming
From www.disneydreaming.com (via @Disney_Dreaming) -	July 26, 2011 12:12 AM
There is a new show at Disney California Adventure called Phineas and Ferb Rockin' Rollin' Dance Party!
Riders Evacuated From California Screamin' Coaster After Object Blocks Track - Patch.com
From sanclemente.patch.com -	July 25, 2011 1:30 PM
abc7.comRiders Evacuated From California Screamin' Coaster After Object Blocks TrackPatch.comNo one was injured in the incident at about 6:30 pm at the Disneyland park, said Anaheim Fire Marshal Jeff Lutz.
Disneyland Resort at Dawn: Grizzly River Run « Disney Parks Blog
From disneyparks.disney.go.com (via @natashrrr) -	July 25, 2011 1:10 PM
Disneyland Resort at Dawn: Grizzly River Run - The official blog for Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World and Disney Cruise Line (RT @Disneyland: Take a peek at Grizzly Peak in the early morning light in our newest "Disneyland Resort at Dawn" video.)...
Inside the Wilderness Explorer Camp at Disney California Adventure ...
From disneysatopr.com -	August 10, 2011 11:25 AM
Check out the Wilderness Explorer Camp at Disney California Adventure Park. Become a Wilderness-Explorer-in-training as you earn your Wilderness Explorer Badges along the Redwood Creek Challenge Trail.
From www.chipandco.com -	August 10, 2011 11:24 AM
The Disneyland Resort donated the California Zephyr train previously located in Disney California Adventure park to Western Pacific Railroad Museum in Portola, Calif.
Dropped backpack halts Disney California Adventure roller coaster, prompts rescue of 24 people
From www.washingtonpost.com -	July 25, 2011 1:32 PM
ANAHEIM, Calif. — A dropped backpack has brought a roller coaster to a halt at Disney California Adventure in Anaheim, prompting the rescue of 24 people from the ride.
New DCA entrance and GG Bridge
From www.intercot.com (via @INTERCOT) -	July 25, 2011 1:29 PM
INTERCOT is one of the largest Walt Disney World vacation planning guides on the internet. The Discussion Boards allow you to meet new friends, ask questions and share Disney news, infomation and tips with thousands of others.

value: Scoop.it is a content marketing software company based in San Francisco, California. The company operates the Scoop.it platform, a content curation service, and markets its content marketing software to businesses.


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Homeschooling the High School Years (Part 3- Curriculum & Activities) – Camie's Cozy Corner
Tagged: Homeschool Curriculum, Homeschool High School, Homeschooling
Previous Post Peter Rabbit (Movie Review)
Next Post Homeschooling the High School Years (Part 4- Preparing for College)
13 thoughts on “Homeschooling the High School Years (Part 3- Curriculum & Activities)”
I’ve always like Saxon math.
It seems to be a solid math curriculum. It certainly works for my son.
Pingback: Homeschooling the High School Years (Part 4- Preparing for College) – Camie's Cozy Corner
I home-schooled our son through high school. What a blessing it is! Good for you! ❤
That is really great, Lynn! I’m sure your son loved that. Yes, it is a blessing. Thank you.
I enjoyed learning about the curriculum you use.
Nephites in Tennis Shoe series is wonderful! How many books are there now? I have the first 8 books, but haven’t re-read them in decades. We moved onto Sharpe’s Rifles series after that, or I did.
I used Saxon with my youngest, but we didn’t get on to well with it. I found another series we liked better, but I can’t think of the name of it right now…it might have been Math U See, no we used that one when she was younger…it’ll come back to me. I gave the books away so can’t just go look. 😦 I went through several Math books before settling on one system for Baby Girl.
It sounds like Marcus has a busy year ahead. All the best to him!
There are currently 12 books in the Tennis Shoe series, with the 13th in progress and Marcus is on book 9 I believe. We used Math-U-See for a few years and I really liked it. Through Liahona, for accreditation purposes, they use Saxon math or kids doing the math on their own may use either Saxon or Math-U-See. Personally, I favor the Learn Math Fast System which we used for his non-accredited years.
We have a friend who loves Liahona Prep. It’s too pricey for us!!! 🙂
We’ve lucked out there. Some years the cost of tuition has been covered for us since we were living abroad. And now we’re just down to one so that helps.
I love reading your posts about homeschooling in the high school years
Thank you! I love reading all of your homeschool posts. If I had younger kids, I’d try many of the resources you use.


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JennReneeRead: Teaser Tuesday #79 and Top Ten Tuesday #69
I can barely hear them over the pounding in my ears as my feet skim over the grass. I'm winded by can sense the others on my left flank, already closing in.
Top Ten Character Names I Love (these will be recent as I don't have that great of a memory)
1. Tana from The Coldest Girl in Coldtown
2. Lyla from Gated by Amy Christine Parker
3. Kira from Countdown and
4. Rogan from Countdown by Michelle Rowan
5. Colette from Marie Antoinette, Serial Killer by Kate Alender
6. Lange from Second Verse by Jennifer Walkup
7. Ruby and
8. Liam from The Darkest Minds by Alexander Bracken
9. Ren from Tiger's Saga Series
10. Jasper from Jasper Dent Series
Jessica@a GREAT read October 22, 2013 at 5:31 AM
Nice tease!! Good names too! Only knew two or three myself!
kimberlybuggie October 22, 2013 at 7:34 AM
Great list! I really like the name Colette. I have got to read that book!
Daisel Tamayo October 22, 2013 at 1:46 PM
Great list. You have some awesome choices there.
Reviews from a Book Worm October 22, 2013 at 4:49 PM
Lyla and Kira are such beautiful names. Great list. My STS
Candace October 22, 2013 at 7:03 PM
Oh yeah, I really liked the name Lange as well! My favorite name from a book is Phedre and I name my daughter that. Only I spell it Phaedra.
Jenea Whittington October 22, 2013 at 7:31 PM
I like the teaser. I am hoping to start this soon. :)
Michelle October 23, 2013 at 2:44 AM
I love your picks!! All the girls names are super pretty esp lyla I love that (it reminds me of Jessica's friend Lila in the Sweet Valley High series). I almost put a ruby on my list this week too ...but a different one, Ruby Oliver from The Boyfriend List!
starryeyedjen October 23, 2013 at 1:35 PM
Great list! I love the names Liam and Jasper, too! :)


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Words containing gosna | Words that contain gosna
Words containing gosna | Words that contain gosna http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-gosnaPrinter Friendly
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Words containing gosna
Found 1 words containing gosna. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain gosna. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that start with gosna
6 letter words containing gosnaSee also6 letter words containing gosnagosnaySee also:2-letter words with CWords that end in cWords that start with gWords with the letter jWords that start with rWords that start with pWords containing gosn

value: The Free Dictionary is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources.


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self esteem | theempathyqueen
A Booster Shot of Empathy ~ Self Esteem
December 5, 2016 – 12:03 pm
Tagged compassion, empower, encouragement, growth, inspiration, motivation, self esteem, strength
Daring to Leap into the Unknown
October 5, 2016 – 11:08 am
Tagged courage, daily post, daily prompt, daring, inspiration, motivation, overcoming fear, Power, self esteem
https://dailypost.wordpress.com/prompts/daring/
Daily Inspiration & Wise Words
Posted in change, Empathy, inspiration, life lessons, Uncategorized
Tagged confidence, encouragement, motivation, self esteem


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10 Best Hotels in Ramat Gan - Book on Hotels.comEnglish (United Kingdom)Book online or call 020 3024 8216At standard rates 24 hours a day; 7 days a week.HomeHotel DealsGroupsCookie PolicyHelpWebsite feedbackSign in & AccountSign inCreate an accountYour bookingsReview a hotelHotels.com™ RewardsYour bookingsHotelsHotels in IsraelRamat Gan HotelsHotels in Ramat GanSearch Ramat Gan HotelsCity, landmark, hotel name, address or postcodeCheck inCheck out I don’t know my datesRooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617Show dealsGet Secret Prices on selected hotelsThese prices aren’t available to everyone.Unlock nowDeal of the dayKfar Maccabia Hotel and Suitesfrom£118See all 350 Ramat Gan dealsTrending now in Ramat GanHotels in Ramat GanMost bookedLeonardo City Tower Hotel Tel AvivStar rating not availableGood 3.9 / 5( 165 genuine reviews )Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 239 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"It's best...very close to Diamond burse. Heart of the city..."N, Nov 2016, HKThe Hotel Indigo Tel Aviv - Diamond DistrictStar rating not availableExcellent 4.2 / 5( 63 genuine reviews )Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 217 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Loved the rooftop pool and bar. Staff was extremely helpful and courteous. Able to park in front of hotel with parking pass or in nearby lot. Breakfast was very good. Hotel seemed to be a favorite of business people and young travelers. We felt very comfortable in the hotel and we were neither bu..."A Traveller, May 2016, USKfar Maccabia Hotel and SuitesStar rating not availableExcellent 4.1 / 5( 193 genuine reviews )Top-rated for poolHotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 113 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Excellent experience. Very comfortable and enjoyable "j, Oct 2016, CARimonim Tower Ramat GanStar rating not availableGood 3.3 / 5( 63 genuine reviews )Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 47 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"For the price it was very good.Hotels in Israel are very expensive"A Traveller, Jun 2015, USApropo HotelStar rating not availableGood 3.7 / 5( 3 genuine reviews )Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 15 people looked at this hotel in the last hourHotels within 5 miles of Ramat GanSheraton Tel Aviv HotelExcellent 4.3 / 5( 136 genuine reviews )Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 137 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Nice modern hotel with great location adjacent to the beach and close to restaurants and shops. Rooms on the smaller side but very efficiently designed and well maintained. Bar, restaurants, spa, and very nice pool. Excellent breakfast buffet well worth the extra cost per day. Personal Nespresso ..."A Traveller, Jul 2016, USDan Tel AvivExcellent 4.2 / 5( 88 genuine reviews )Top-rated for breakfastHotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 129 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Great location, right by the beach and lots of restaurants and bars. Staff were very friendly and the room was perfectly clean. Would definitely recommend."A Traveller, Jul 2016, GBCarlton Tel Aviv HotelExcellent 4.4 / 5( 89 genuine reviews )Top-rated for familiesHotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 115 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"This hotel is wonderful....As we arrived we were greeted with honey and lemon in a glass yoghurt with fruit and nuts in a small glass and my favourite champagne ok processco but delicious !! Hotel is chilled classy but not snobby in any way and very clean everywhere.
Rooms are so very comftabl..."G, Oct 2016, GBArbel Suites HotelExcellent 4.6 / 5( 53 genuine reviews )Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 50 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Our stay was amazing. The hotel staff was very helpful and went above and beyond to make sure our needs were covered. We are looking forward to staying there again in the near future and will recommend it to our family and friends."A Traveller, Dec 2016, USDizengoff Avenue HotelExcellent 4.2 / 5( 90 genuine reviews )Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! 44 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"A very enjoyable stay, the facilities were above average, and the bed was really nice."A Traveller, Dec 2016, USSee more hotels in Ramat Gan, IsraelRecently booked130 Rock Apartmentsfrom £79Hotel B Berdichevskyfrom £148Leonardo City Tower Hotel Tel Avivfrom £135Crowne Plaza Tel Aviv City Centerfrom £126White Villa Tel Avivfrom £183Pay now or later on most roomsFree cancellation on most roomsPrice GuaranteeView Ramat Gan Hotels on a mapLandmarksRamat Gan StadiumBar Ilan UniversityZoological Center of Tel Aviv-Ramat GanMoshe Aviv TowerNeighbourhoodsRamat GanDiamond Exchange DistrictHotel typesCheap hotels (5 hotels)Family-friendly hotels (5 hotels)Best Ramat Gan HotelsHotels.com currently has 10 hotels in Ramat Gan!
But, low prices and a great selection are not the only thing Hotels.com offers. We also have 487 genuine Hotels.com guest reviews for Ramat Gan.
- 487 genuine Hotels.com guest reviews for Ramat Gan

value: A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat screen television, and en-suite bathrooms.


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Jen Mecca's Pottery Blog: Quick update on the week...
I just got in from class. Wish I had some photo's to download, but I don't. I've been working on my tiles, bowls, large vases, bottles and mugs. The tiles I sort of put on the side mid-week because I realized I have a show coming up in two weeks and not a whole lot to sell. YIKES!!!
I'm looking forward to tomorrow morning because I'm meeting some of my pottery "peeps" for breakfast and I'm sure pottery talk. I have to be near the kids school for most of the day because I'm the room mom for Quaids Halloween party. The adventures never end!
As you know....I can not wait for this weekend. I LOVE when my kids dress-up. I'm also hoping the Daddy is going to take them a good old fashion field trip for most of Saturday so I can lock myself away in my wonderland of clay.
You all have a good Friday! Jen
Posted by Jen Mecca at 10:24 PM
Oh, I miss the room mom days. I was always the room mom for Wes, but there's none of that after middle school. Don't you love Halloween with small kids though!!!
Ha! You have a nice weekend.
Inspired by YOU I am making my first boxes....more later....
Wow! Gary, where are those bottles you where working on? Jen
Tracey...I do love Halloween!!! I have on my "spooky" shirt today... Jen
I hope you post a picture of your little ghouls. We had Fancy Nancy and her good friend, Bree here. Haven't downloaded pics yet, but will share as soon as we do.


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Latest Updates: Car Bomber Strikes Outside the US base World Cup 2014 Brazil | FIFA World Cup 2014 Brazil
A suicide car bomber struck a convoy of civilian vehicles outside a US military base in Kabul early on Friday, wounding three Afghans and causing several casualties among foreigners, police said. The head of criminal investigations for Kabul police, Abdul Ghafar Sayedzada, said 3-4 foreign casualties had been taken from the scene by Western troops, but he could give no details of the extent of their wounds.
A damaged white civilian vehicle could be seen at the debris-strewn blast site on a main road about 100 metres (yards) from Camp Phoenix, a large US military base also used by troops from other NATO countries near the airport. Witnesses said a second civilian vehicle that was destroyed in the blast had been removed, while US troops in armoured vehicles blocked off the site.
"We were having breakfast when we heard a huge bang. All the glass was shattered," said Abdul Jamil, a worker at a petrol station across the street from the site. He said he believed several foreigners had been killed inside the vehicle that had ben destroyed. Sgt. Kevin Bell, a spokesman for the US and NATO-led forces, confirmed a blast but gave no further details. Violence in Afghanistan this year has reached the worst levels of the eight-year-old war, and militants have staged a number of attacks in the capital in recent months.
Posted by syed nadeem agha jafri at 11:22 PM
Labels: Car Bomber , Kabul , US Base


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Earth Axxessories Polo: Bags : Walmart.com Track Order Please complete both fields.
Show this number 0087094300213 to a Walmart associate
Classic striped toteProduct Material: JucoProduct Weight: 1 lbs.Velcro closure1 inside, open, hanging pocketThis tote is laminated on the inside.19" double handles w/9" dropGrommet accents near handles on front.
17.0 x 5.25 x 14.25

value: Walmart Inc. ( ; formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets (also called supercenters), discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas.