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Patent US20100141466 - System and method for automatic detection of fiber and copper in data switch ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA system and method automatically maintains data indicating a type of transmission medium connected at a port in a data switch device. The method comprises reading first transmission medium type data representing whether a first transmission medium type is connected to the port. A check is performed...http://www.google.com/patents/US20100141466?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20100141466 - System and method for automatic detection of fiber and copper in data switch systemsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20100141466 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/116,899Publication dateJun 10, 2010Filing dateApr 5, 2002Priority dateApr 5, 2002Publication number10116899, 116899, US 2010/0141466 A1, US 2010/141466 A1, US 20100141466 A1, US 20100141466A1, US 2010141466 A1, US 2010141466A1, US-A1-20100141466, US-A1-2010141466, US2010/0141466A1, US2010/141466A1, US20100141466 A1, US20100141466A1, US2010141466 A1, US2010141466A1InventorsMary Thanhhuong Thi Nguyen, Patrick Chung-You LiuOriginal AssigneeMary Thanhhuong Thi Nguyen, Patrick Chung-You LiuExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (3), Classifications (9), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem and method for automatic detection of fiber and copper in data switch systems
US 20100141466 A1Abstract
A system and method automatically maintains data indicating a type of transmission medium connected at a port in a data switch device. The method comprises reading first transmission medium type data representing whether a first transmission medium type is connected to the port. A check is performed to determine whether a stored first transmission medium value is updated based at least in part on the first transmission medium type data, the first transmission medium value representing whether the first transmission medium type is actively connected. The method also involves reading second transmission medium type data representing whether a second transmission medium type is connected to the port. A check is performed to determine whether a stored second transmission medium value is updated based at least in part on the second transmission medium type data, the second transmission medium value representing whether the second transmission medium type is actively connected.
a link data register maintained in a memory space of a volatile memory and adapted to store data; and
at least one electronic device adapted to provide an output that represents whether a first transmission medium type or a second transmission medium type is connected to the at least one port, the provided output being based on the data stored in the link data register,
wherein the network device further includes program code executable by a processor to read the data stored in the link data register and to control the at least one electronic device to provide said output.
31. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the stored data indicates a presence of flow through the at least one port, the apparatus further comprising a processor adapted to read the data stored in the link data register and adapted to determine, based on the stored data that indicates the presence of data flow through the at least one port, whether the first transmission medium type or the second transmission medium type is actively connected to the at least one port.
32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the processor is further adapted to determine whether the first transmission media type or the second transmission media type has been removed from the at least one port.
33. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the network device includes a data switch device.
34. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the at least one port includes a first port adapted to have connected thereto the first transmission medium type and a second port adapted to have connected thereto the second transmission media type, wherein the at least one electronic device includes a first electronic device and a second electronic device respectively corresponding to the first port and to the second port.
35. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the at least one indicator includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) adapted to generate light as said provided output.
36. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the first transmission medium type includes optical fiber and wherein the second transmission medium type includes copper.
a link data register maintained in a memory space of a volatile memory and adapted to store data indicative of presence of data flow through the at least one port; and
at least one electronic device adapted to provide an output that represents whether a first transmission medium type or a second transmission medium type is connected to the at least one port, the provided output being based on the stored data indicative of presence of data flow,
38. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the network device includes a data switch device.
39. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the first transmission medium type includes optical fiber and wherein the second transmission medium type includes copper.
40. The apparatus of claim 37, further comprising a processor adapted to read the data stored in the link data register and adapted to determine, based on the read stored data indicative of presence of data flow, whether the first transmission medium type or the second transmission medium type is connected to the at least one port.
41. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein the processor is further adapted to determine whether the first transmission media type or the second transmission media type has been removed from the at least one port.
42. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the at least one port includes a first port adapted to have connected thereto the first transmission medium type and a second port adapted to have connected thereto the second transmission media type, and wherein the at least one electronic device includes a first electronic device and a second electronic device respectively corresponding to the first port and to the second port.
43. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the at least one indicator includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) adapted to generate light as said provided output.
storing, in a link data register maintained in a memory space of a volatile memory of a network device, data indicative of presence of data flow through at least one port of the network device; reading the data stored in the link data register; and if said reading the data determines that data flow through the at least one port is present, providing an output that represents whether a first transmission medium type or a second transmission medium type is connected to the at least one port, wherein the network device further includes program code executable by a processor to perform said reading the data stored in the link data register and to control said providing said output. 45. The method of claim 44 wherein the network device includes a data switch device.
46. The method of claim 44, further comprising determining whether the first transmission media type or the second transmission media type has been removed from the at least one port.
47. The method of claim 44 wherein the first transmission medium type includes optical fiber and wherein the second transmission medium type includes copper.
48. The method of claim 44 wherein said providing the output includes generating light as said provided output.
The invention disclosed herein relates generally to telecommunications and data networks. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods for determining and maintaining the type of transmission medium, e.g., fiber or copper, connected to ports comprising a data switch system.
Ethernet technology is one of the most widely used networking standards across the world. At the heart of this standard is the Carrier Sense Multiple access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol. The CSMA/CD protocol is used to pass messages between computers communicating on a network. One common Ethernet infrastructure, referred to as 10BASE-T, consists of coaxial or twisted pair copper cable that provides transmission speeds up to 10 megabits per second (Mbps). 100BASE-T, also referred to as Fast Ethernet, increases transmission speeds to 100 Mbps. Workstations equipped with 10BASE-T network interfaces may typically connect to a 100BASE-T network, albeit at a transmission ceiling of 10 Mbps.
Advances in Ethernet technology have led to the introduction of Gigabit Ethernet technology, which uses the same frame format and protocol as that introduced in IEEE 802.3, that allows data transmission speeds of up to one gigabit per second; one gigabit is equal to one billion bits. Although Gigabit Ethernet technology may operate with twisted pair transmission media, the most favorable transmission speeds are achieved through the use of optical fiber media. Optical fiber, typically comprising a glass or synthetic fiber consisting of an inner core and outer cladding, is used to carry pulses of light that encode digital data.
Because existing Gigabit Ethernet infrastructure may interface with both fiber and copper transmission media, network administrators or software processes must constantly be aware of the media type connected to any given port on a data switch system. Failing to recognize the type of transmission media connected to a port ultimately results in a highly inefficient use of bandwidth. For example, unaware of the transmission medium connected to a port, a process might schedule video for transmission over a given random port. The high bandwidth video transmission, however, is much better suited for transmission over a fiber connection. Scheduling the video transmission on any given random port results in bandwidth intensive data being transmitted over a copper connection when the possibility exists that a fiber port is available. Likewise, low bandwidth transmissions suited for delivery over a copper connection are transmitted over high bandwidth fiber connections at least a portion of the time.
In order to determine the transmission medium that is connected to any given port in a data switch system, specialized chips have been developed in order to sense the connected media and utilize an appropriate physical interface within the port. One exemplary solution is presented by Marvell International Ltd., which has developed the Alaska Ultra+ Gigabit Ethernet transceiver. According to Marvell, the Alaska Ultra+“automatically senses whether the end-user has inserted a . . . copper or fiber-optic cable, performs Auto-Negotiation and provides seamless ‘plug and play’ configuration.” One overriding deficiency to existing solutions such as the one provided by Marvell, however, is that they do not provide real-time data regarding the overall state of all ports comprising a data switch system or determine whether fiber or copper is actively connected to each port at a given time. Furthermore, these solutions do not take into account situations where media of a particular type is removed from a port.
There is thus a need for a system and method that automatically detects and records changes in the transmission medium attached to the ports comprising a data switch system.
In accordance with the present invention, the above and other problems with existing systems are solved by methods and systems for maintaining transmission medium data for each port in a data switch device. In one aspect of the invention, the data switch device, such as a switch, router, or bridge, contains means for detecting whether fiber or copper has been connected to each of its ports and for storing resulting fiber signal data and copper signal data. A method in accordance with the invention involves, at a regular time interval and for each port, reading the stored fiber signal data and copper signal data and, based at least in part on the read fiber signal data and copper signal data, determining whether fiber or copper is actively connected to each port at a given time. This determination may also be made by reading link data indicating whether the port is active. Temporary storage portions in memory are updated with fiber active connection status data and copper active connection status data for each port, and the fiber active connection status data and copper active connection status data is then stored in a dedicated storage location in memory.
As a result, the data switch device has access to real-time, updated data indicating whether each of its port is connected to a fiber or copper transmission medium. This data may be used, for example, to adjust data transmission rates or allocate ports to different tasks based on their bandwidth requirements.
In some embodiments, the fiber and copper active connection status data is stored in fiber up and copper up registers, respectively, which may be portions of a volatile memory device temporarily assigned and dedicated for this purpose. These fiber up and copper up registers have multiple bits, with each bit representing the fiber or copper connection status, respectively, for a given port. Data in the fiber up and copper up registers is regularly moved into a dedicated hardware register such as an LED device register. This dedicated register has multiple bits, with some bits reserved for storing the fiber status data for the ports and other bits reserved for copper status data.
In alternate embodiments, the processes described herein, including the method just described, are performed by a processor within the data switch executing a software program.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for automatically maintaining data indicating a type of transmission medium connected at a port in a data switch device. The method involves:
(a) reading first transmission medium type data representing whether a first transmission medium type has been connected to the port;
(b) determining whether a stored first transmission medium value is up to date based at least in part on the first transmission medium type data, the first transmission medium value representing whether the first transmission medium type is actively connected to the port, and, if necessary, updating the stored first transmission medium value;
(c) reading second transmission medium type data representing whether a second transmission medium type has been connected to the port; and
(d) determining whether a stored second transmission medium value is up to date based at least in part on the second transmission medium type data, the second transmission medium value representing whether the second transmission medium type is actively connected to the port, and, if necessary, updating the stored second transmission medium value. According to embodiments of the invention, steps (a) through (d) are repeated. Alternatively, steps (a) through (d) may be repeated at regular intervals.
In some embodiments, steps (a) through (d) are continuously repeated while the LQ data switch device is powered on to thereby maintain transmission medium data on a continuous, real-time basis. Also, steps (a) through (e) may be performed for each of a plurality of ports in the data switch device. The steps may be performed in the sequence set forth above for each port, on a port-by-port basis, or steps (a) and (b) may be performed for all the ports followed by steps (c) and (d) being performed for the ports. In some embodiments, the port is initialized to send and receive data over the first transmission medium type if the first transmission medium value needs to be updated to indicate that the first transmission medium is actively connected to the port. This occurs, for example, if the method detects a new fiber connection to the port.
Two transmission medium types which may be detected using the current methodology include optical fiber and copper. The invention may be used to automatically detect more or other different transmission medium types, including two or more different types of fiber, two or more different types of copper, a hybrid fiber-coax connection, and others. When fiber and copper are being detected, the transmission medium type data may be stored in a fiber signal register and a copper signal register. In some embodiments, fiber may be given priority over copper, to the extent that detecting and updating an active copper connection requires a double check on whether the first transmission medium value indicates that fiber is actively connected to the port. The second transmission medium value is updated for a copper connection only if the first transmission medium value indicates that fiber is not actively connected to the port.
The present invention also provides a system for automatically maintaining transmission medium data for a port in a data switch device. The system includes a first register in a memory device for storing a first transmission medium value representing whether a first transmission medium is actively connected to the port and a second register in a memory device for storing a second transmission medium value representing whether a second transmission medium is actively connected to the port. The system further includes a third register located at a dedicated address in a memory device for storing values from the first and second register. Program code, stored in a memory device and executable by a processor, reads first and second transmission medium type data representing whether first and second transmission medium, respectively, has been connected to the port, and, based at least in part of the first and second transmission medium type data, accurately maintains the first and second transmission medium values in the first and second registers, respectively, at a regular time interval.
In some embodiments, the first and second registers each has a plurality of bits, each bit representing the transmission medium value for one of a plurality of ports in the data switch device. The third register has a number of bits at least equal to the numbers of bits in the first and second registers. The bits in the third register may include a first set of bits dedicated to storing first transmission medium values moved from the first register and a second set of bits dedicated to storing second transmission medium values moved from the second register. As a result, different sections of the third register may be accessed separately to determine which transmission medium type is actively connected at a given time.
The system may include a number of other registers, such as a link data register for storing a link data value representing whether the port is active. The stored program code actively maintains the first and second transmission medium values based at least in part on the link data value.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram presenting a 10/100 megabit data switch device;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram presenting a gigabit fiber data switch device;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram presenting a gigabit copper data switch device;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram presenting a hybrid copper/fiber data switch device according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram presenting a scheduler operating according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram presenting a series of data registers for managing and storing the transmission medium connected to a data port according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram presenting a method for initially determining the transmission medium connected to a data port according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram continuing a method for initially determining the transmission medium connected to a data port according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram presenting a process for automatically detecting the type of transmission medium connected to a data port at the time connection is performed, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow diagram presenting a method for automatically detecting and recording a transmission medium change from fiber to copper according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 11 is a flow diagram presenting a method for automatically detecting and recording a transmission medium change from copper to fiber according to one embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to FIGS. 4 through 11, embodiments of the present invention are explained. Turning to FIG. 1, an existing configuration of a 10/100 megabit Ethernet switch is presented. The 10/100 megabit switch 102 comprises a plurality of ports 104, each supplying network connectivity to a connected device (not pictured). Depending on the network interface hardware employed at the connecting device, e.g., a workstation's network interface card, connection speeds are provided that range from 10 million bits per second (10 megabits) to 100 million bits per second (100 megabits). Data switch systems such as these typically utilize twisted pair copper cable terminated with a RJ-45 connector to provide a link between a workstation and the switch 102. Software operating at the switch 102 senses the attached network interface hardware and selects the proper connection speed. Software operating at the switch 102 further detects a connection at a given port 104, which is used to illuminate a light emitting diode (LED) 106 corresponding to the given port 104.
FIGS. 2 and 3 present different versions of existing Gigabit Ethernet data switch systems that may be used to provide connected devices with data transfer rates up to one billion bits per second (one gigabit). FIG. 2 is a Gigabit Ethernet switch 202 that uses a fiber optic transmission medium to transfer data between the switch 202 and a connected device (not pictured). A plurality of ports 204 are provided by the switch 202, each port allowing a fiber optic cable to be connected to the switch 202 at a given port 204. When a fiber optic cable is attached to a given port 204, software operating at the switch 202 detects the connection and illuminates an LED 206 corresponding to the given port 204. Similarly, Gigabit Ethernet switches such as the one presented in FIG. 3 are provided whereby the switch 302 comprises a plurality of ports 304 that each accept a copper cable connection. Software at the switch 302 detects when a copper cable is attached to a given port 304, causing illumination of an LED 306 corresponding to the given port 304.
FIG. 4 illustrates a hybrid data switch system that builds on various existing data switch systems presented in FIGS. 1 through 3. The switch 402 provide a variety of transmission speeds, depending on the network interface employed at the connecting device and the given port on the switch that the device is connected to. The present switch 402 is divided into three regions, 404, 406 and 408, each region providing ports configured to accept different transmission media and provide varying transmission speeds. According to alternative embodiments of the data switch system 402, each port on the switch is operative to accept both copper and fiber optic cable connections and differentiate between the two. As previously described, the Alaska Ultra+Gigabit Ethernet controller by Marvell, a technical specification of which is available at http://www.marvell.com/Products/Doc Files/1897/mv1-88e1011s.pdf and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, is one example of a circuit capable of detecting the type of transmission medium attached to a given port.
The first region 404 provides 10/100 Mbps transmission speeds. Each port 404 a in the region 404 accepts a copper cable, typically fitted with a RJ-45 connector at each end. Software at the switch 402 detects the attachment of a copper connection and illuminates a corresponding LED 404 b. The second region 406 consists of ports 406 a configured to accept fiber optic transmission media, typically providing data transmission rates of up to 1 gigabit. Connection of a fiber optic cable to a given port 406 a causes software at the switch to illuminate an LED 406 b corresponding to the given port. A third region of ports 408 also provides gigabit transmission rates, with each port 408 a configured to accept copper transmission media. As is the case with the other regions, software at the switch detects insertion of a copper connection at a given port 408 a and illuminates a corresponding LED 408 b. Embodiments of the invention also provide for illuminating the LED corresponding to a given port only when there is a live connection. Alternatively, multistate LEDs may be used with one color indicating a link and a second color indicating data transfer. According to still other embodiments, multiple LEDs may be used, e.g., a first LED indicating a link and a second LED indicating data transfer.
In accordance with the invention, a scheduler is employed to determine and record the type of transmission medium attached to a given port on a switch. Turning to FIG. 5, a flow diagram is presented that illustrates a process for checking the availability and type of transmission media at a given port on a data switching system. The scheduling process, which may be executed by software running remotely or on the data switch device, is used to trigger the processes detailed in the figures contained herein. The scheduling process triggers a routine to determine and record the transmission media attached to ports comprising a data switch device that provide gigabit transmission speeds, step 502. The scheduling process also triggers a routine to determine and record the transmission media attached to ports comprising a data switch device that provide megabit transmission speeds, step 504. The process repeats in a cyclical fashion to constantly update a series of registers or data structures that record the transmission medium attached to all ports comprising a data switch device. According to alternative embodiments, the ports providing megabit transmission speeds are checked, step 504, before the ports providing gigabit transmission speeds, step 502.
Maintained within the memory of a data switch device such as those presented in FIGS. 1 through 4 are a series of registers, which are presented in FIG. 6. The registers 604, 606, 608, 610, 612, 614, 616 and 618, are maintained in a permanent and updateable storage space, such as a transient memory circuit or hard disk drive. The memory 602 may be any transient or persistent memory structure. According to one embodiment of the invention, each register comprises a plurality of four bit registers where each bit corresponds to a port on the switch. Four bit groupings are a convenient measure, as many data switch devices comprise ports organized into four port slots. Alternatively, each register may comprise a plurality of eight bit registers, etc. As is explained herein in greater detail, the port mask register 608 is twice the size of the combination of both the fiber up and copper up registers, 604 and 606 respectively. For example, where the fiber up 604 and copper up 606 registers are each four bits, the port mask register 608 is eight bits.
Two registers are provided to track fiber and copper active connection status data, 604 and 606 respectively. Each register 604 and 606 is operative to maintain multiple bits, 604 a and 606 a, wherein each bit represents the fiber or copper connection status, respectively, for a given port. A port mask register 608 is provided as a temporary structure to hold bits representing the transmission media attached to any given port in a data switch device before the data is written to a permanent structure that may be accessed by other processes that require the transmission media information.
Also maintained within the memory space 602 are fiber and copper signal registers, 610 and 612 respectively. Data received by the switch from a circuit operating at each port on the data switch device, e.g., Marvell Alaska Ultra+, indicates whether a given port is connected to fiber or copper transmission media. For a given port, a bit 610 a and 612 a is set in either the fiber 610 or copper 612 signal register, depending on the connected transmission media. Where no transmission media is connected to a given port, the port's entry 610 a and 612 a in both registers 610 and 612 is left empty to indicate that no connection is present.
LED device write and read registers, 614 and 616 respectively, are also provided by the switch and maintained within the memory space 602, which according to some embodiments of the invention is a single dedicated storage location within memory. For a given port, the switch calculates whether the link over the port is up or down. Where the link is up, a bit 616 a is set in the LED device read register 616 to indicate this state. Similarly, the LED device write register 614 maintains a series of bits, the presence or absence of which indicates whether a given port is on or off. Where a given port is on, a bit 614 a is set in the LED device write register 614 to indicate this state. Additionally, a link data register 618 maintains a storage space for each port in the data switch device to record the presence or absence of data flow on a given port. Activity on a given port causes software at the switch to set a bit 618 a in the link data register 618 for the given port, signifying that data is passing through the given port. According to embodiments of the invention, each LED register is associated with an LED or LED mode displayed on the face of a switch and is used to properly set the LED, e.g., a particular color or absence thereof as indicative of the state of the port as manifested by the presence or absence of bits in a given LED register.
The registers provided by the present invention are used by the data switch system to automatically maintain data indicating the type of transmission medium connected at a port in a data switch device. FIG. 7 presents a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method for initially determining the type of transmission medium connected to the ports comprising a data switch device. The method begins with initialization of the data switch device with all bits in the fiber up, copper up, and port mask registers set to a value used by the switch to indicate a false or empty state, step 702. At initialization, the switch also reads the bit values from the LED device read register to determine the ports comprising a physical connection, regardless of the transmission media attached to the port, step 702. The process performs a wait step whereby processing is suspended for a set amount of time, step 704. According to one embodiment of the invention, the wait step suspends processing for one millisecond. Alternatively, the wait step may be set to zero and bypassed altogether.
The process emerges from its wait state upon completion of the wait period, step 704, and a check is performed to determine if there are additional ports for analysis, step 706. Because this is the initial pass and the switch is analyzing the first port in the switch, there will typically be additional ports to analyze, causing the check to return true. Where there are additional ports to analyze, the current port's entry in the fiber signal register is examined to determine if the bit is set for the port, step 708. Where the fiber port signal is not set for the current port, step 708, the port value is increments, step 714, and the process is repeated for the next port in the data switch device.
Where a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 708, a check is performed to determine if a bit is set for the port's entry in both the LED device read register and the link data register, step 710. If there is a matching bit set in the two registers for the given port a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 712. Regardless of whether the port's bit is set in the fiber up register, processing is directed to step 714 where the process is repeated for the next port in the data switch device.
Upon completion of the analysis of whether fiber transmission media is attached to each port in the data switch device, the check calculated at step 706 evaluates to false, causing control to pass to step 716. The port value is reset to the first port in the data switch device so that each port may be reexamined with regard to a copper transmission media connection, step 716. A check is performed to determine if a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, e.g., was copper the last transmission media attached to the selected port, step 718. If the check performed at step 718 evaluates to true, a “double check” is performed by the process to determine if a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 720. Inclusion of this additional check is preferable in order to provide a preference for fiber transmission media connections, which provide superior bandwidth when compared to copper transmission media connection.
Where a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 718, and no bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 720, a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper up register, step 722. Where no bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 718, program flow is directed to step 724 where the value of the current port is incremented and a wait is performed. Similarly, where a bit is set for the port's entry in both the copper and fiber signal registers, steps 718 and 720, the bit is not recorded for the port's entry in the copper up register because of a preference for high bandwidth fiber connections. Program flow is directed to step 724 where the value of the current port is incremented and a wait is performed. The process emerges from the wait state, step 724, and checks to determine if there are additional ports to analyze, step 726. If there are additional ports to analyze, steps 718, 720, 722, and 724 are repeated, otherwise processing is directed to step 728.
The process for initially determining the type of transmission medium connected to the ports comprising a data switch device continues with the flow diagram presented in FIG. 8. Upon completion of the method presented in FIG. 7, each of the fiber up and copper up registers maintained by the data switch system are populated with bits representing the type of transmission medium attached to each port on the data switch device. According to the embodiment of the registers presented in FIG. 6, both the copper up and fiber up registers comprise a plurality of four bit registers. These registers must be integrated to create a unified representation of the four port slot as a whole. Because the port mask register comprises a plurality of eight bit registers, one of the four bit registers, such as the copper up register, must have a bit shift operation applied to shift the bits into a position to occupy the higher four bits of the port mask register. A logical OR is applied to the bits in the fiber up and copper up registers, thereby moving the data into one unified register, step 802.
The bits of a selected register are shifted, and all the bits are copied into the port mask register, step 802. In the manner that the bits are transferred from the fiber and copper up registers into the port mask register, the higher four bits or the port mask register represent one type of transmission medium, e.g., copper, while the lower four bits represent the other transmission medium, e.g., fiber. The integrated port transmission media information is written to the LED device write register for use by applications that require the data, step 804. According to one embodiment, the LED device write register may be used to tell the data switch device which ports should be on or off. The data is written to the LED device write register, step 804, and the process conclude, step 806.
One embodiment of a method for automatically detecting and recording attachment or removal of fiber or copper transmission media is illustrated in FIG. 9. Software operating at the switch reads the bit values from the LED device read register to determine the ports that comprise a physical connection, regardless of the transmission media attached to the port, step 902. The process performs a wait step whereby processing is suspended for a set amount of time, step 904. Alternatively, the wait period may be set to zero, thereby bypassing the wait step.
The process emerges from its wait state upon completion of the wait period, step 904, and a check is performed to determine if there are additional ports for analysis, step 906. Where there are additional ports to analyze, the current port's entry in the fiber signal register is examined to determine if the bit is set for the port, step 908. If the bit is not set for the port in the fiber signal register, step 908, a check is performed to determine if a bit is set in the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 910. If the bit is set, it must be removed because the port is not registering a fiber connection, step 912. Regardless of whether a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, program flow is directed to step 920 where the current port being analyzed incremented and the process is reiterated.
If the bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 908, a check is performed to determine if a bit is correctly set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 914. Where the bit is properly set in the fiber up register, the port value is incremented and the process is reiterated, step 920. Where a bit is not set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, the port is initialized to accommodate a fiber transmission media connection, step 916. Initialization of a port to accommodate a fiber transmission media connection is a vendor specific operation, the details of which are outside the scope of the present disclosure. The port is initialized, step 916, and a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 918. The port value is incremented, step 920, and the process is reiterated.
Upon completion of the analysis of whether fiber transmission media is attached to each port in the data switch device, the check calculated at step 906 evaluates to false, causing control to pass to step 922. The port value is reset to the first port in the data switch device so that each port may be reexamined with regard to a copper transmission media connection, step 922. Where there are additional ports to analyze, step 924, a check is performed to determine if a bit is set in the port's entry in the copper signal register, e.g., was copper the last transmission media attached to the selected port, step 926.
If the bit is not set for the port in the copper signal register, step 926, a check is performed to determine if a bit is set in the port's entry in the copper up register, step 928. If the bit is set, it must be removed because the port is not registering a copper connection, step 930. Regardless of whether a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper up register, program flow is directed to step 938 where the current port being analyzed incremented, a wait is performed and the process is reiterated.
If the bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 926, a check is performed to determine if a bit is correctly set for the port's entry in the copper up register, step 932. Where the bit is set in the copper up register, the port value is incremented and the process is reiterated, step 920. If, however, the check performed at step 932 indicates that a bit is not set for the port's entry in the copper up register (even though the port's bit is set in the copper signal register), an additional check is performed to determine if a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register. If the checks performed at step 932 and 934 both evaluate to false, a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper up register, step 936. Where either check evaluates to true, program flow is directed to step 938 where the port value is incremented and the process repeated until all ports are analyzed, step 924, at which point the process concludes, step 940, until it is invoked again by the scheduling process.
FIG. 10 presents an alternative embodiment to the process presented in FIG. 9 for automatically detecting and accounting for a switch from fiber to copper transmission media. Software operating at the switch reads the bit values from the LED device read register to determine the ports that comprise a physical connection, regardless of the transmission media attached to the port, step 1002. The process performs a wait step whereby processing is suspended for a set amount of time, step 1004. Alternatively, the wait period may be set to zero, thereby bypassing the wait step.
The process emerges from its wait state upon completion of the wait period, step 1004, and a check is performed to determine if there are additional ports for analysis, step 1006. Where there are additional ports to analyze, the current port's entry in the fiber signal register is examined to determine if the bit is set for the port, step 1008. If the bit is set for the port in the fiber signal register, step 1008, the port value is incremented, step 1018, and the process is reiterated. Where a bit is not set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 1008, the bit contained in the port's corresponding entry in the fiber up register is removed, step 1010.
Processing continues by calculating whether a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 1012. Where a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, the port is initialized to accommodate a copper transmission media connection, step 1014. Initialization of a port to accommodate a copper transmission media connection is a vendor specific operation, the details of which are outside the scope of the present disclosure. The port is initialized, step 1014, and a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper up register, step 1016. Regardless of whether the check performed at step 1012 resolves to true or false, the port value is incremented, step 1018, and the process is reiterated. When all ports have been analyzed, step 1006, the process concludes, step 1020.
FIG. 11 presents another alternative embodiment to the process presented in FIG. 9 whereby the process automatically detects and accounts for a switch from fiber to copper transmission media. Software operating at the switch reads the bit values from the LED device read register to determine the ports that comprise a physical connection, regardless of the transmission media attached to the port, step 1102. The process performs a wait step whereby processing is suspended for a set amount of time, step 1104. According to one embodiment of the invention, the wait step suspends processing for one millisecond. Alternatively, the wait period may be set to zero, thereby bypassing the wait step.
The process emerges from its wait state upon completion of the wait period, step 1104, and a check is performed to determine if there are additional ports for analysis, step 1106. Where there are additional ports to analyze, the current port's entry in the copper signal register is examined to determine if the bit is set for the port, step 1108. If the bit is set for the port in the copper signal register, step 1108, the port value is incremented, step 1118, and the process is reiterated. Where a bit is not set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 1108, the bit contained in the port's corresponding entry in the copper up register is removed, step 1110.
Processing continues by calculating whether a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 1112. Where a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 1112, the port is initialized to accommodate a fiber transmission media connection, step 1114. Initialization of a port to accommodate a fiber transmission media connection is a vendor specific operation, the details of which are outside the scope of the present disclosure. The port is initialized, step 1114, and a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 1116. Regardless of whether the check performed at step 1112 resolves to true or false, the port value is incremented, step 1118, and the process is reiterated. When all ports have been analyzed, step 1106, the process concludes, step 1120.
According to embodiments of the invention, an additional check is performed when a bit is not set in both the copper and fiber signal registers for a given port. Lack of a set bit in both signal registers may be due to the fact that no device is physically connected to the given port. Alternatively, it may be symptomatic of a failure in the hardware used to detect the type of transmission media attached to a given port. For any given port without a bit set in the fiber and copper signal registers, a process is executed in parallel to the processes presented and explained in FIGS. 7 through 11 whereby software executed by the switch reinitializes the given port for copper transmission media at a set interval. For example, the switch may reinitialize the given port or ports at three-second intervals where no signal is detected in both the copper and fiber signal registers. Upon registering a signal in either the copper of fiber registers for a given port, the auto-recovery process terminates for the given port and the processes presented in the FIGS. 7 through 11 continue as indicated. It should further be noted that, this auto-recovery technique may be activated or deactivated by a user such as a switch administrator.
Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7885192 *Nov 17, 2009Feb 8, 2011Marvell International Ltd.Generalized auto media selectorUS8200473 *Aug 25, 2009Jun 12, 2012Qlogic, CorporationEmulation of multiple MDIO manageable devicesUS8582434Feb 8, 2011Nov 12, 2013Marvell International Ltd.Generalized auto media selector* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification340/687International ClassificationG08B21/00Cooperative ClassificationH04L49/30, H04L49/40, H04L49/351European ClassificationH04L49/00, H04L49/35A, H04L49/30, H04L49/40Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 5, 2002ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIU, PATRICK CHUNG-YOU;NGUYEN, MARY THANHHUONG THI;REEL/FRAME:012768/0068Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.,CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIU, PATRICK CHUNG-YOU;NGUYEN, MARY THANHHUONG THI;REEL/FRAME:12768/68Effective date: 20020403Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.,CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIU, PATRICK CHUNG-YOU;NGUYEN, MARY THANHHUONG THI;REEL/FRAME:012768/0068Effective date: 20020403Dec 22, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, CALFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022012/0204Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022012/0204Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT,CALIFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022012/0204Effective date: 20081218Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT,CALIFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:22012/204Effective date: 20081218Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, CALFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022012/0204Effective date: 20081218Jan 20, 2010ASAssignmentFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:023814/0587Owner name: WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATEFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:023814/0587Effective date: 20100120Owner name: WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATEFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:23814/587Effective date: 20100120Jul 21, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024733/0739Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024733/0739Effective date: 20090511Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC,CALIFORNIAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:24733/739Effective date: 20090511Jan 21, 2015ASAssignmentOwner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034792/0540Effective date: 20140114Owner name: BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034792/0540Effective date: 20140114Owner name: INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034792/0540Effective date: 20140114Jan 22, 2015ASAssignmentOwner name: BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034804/0793Effective date: 20150114Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034804/0793Effective date: 20150114RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Image - VampireDepth.jpg | Teletraan I: The Transformers Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
VampireDepth.jpg
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Kup, Wreck-Gar, Springer, and Scourge as Energy Vampires in a screen cap from Dweller in the Depths This image © Hasbro, TakaraTomy, or both. Low resolution images are used to illustrate a product or character on Teletraan-1: The Transformers Wiki under the fair use provision of United States copyright law. See Copyrights.
Appears on these pages	of Dweller in the Depths
The Quintessons, as part of a new attempt at regaining Cybertron, unleash the most dangerous...	File history
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Best Western Hotel Bad Rappenau: 2019 Room Prices $95, Deals & Reviews | Expedia
Best Western Hotel Bad Rappenau, Bad Rappenau Best Western Hotel Bad Rappenau, Bad Rappenau, current page
Buchaeckerring 42, Bad Rappenau, BW 1-866-599-6674
Best Western Hotel Bad Rappenau 3.5 out of 5.0
Superior Room, 2 Twin Beds (Cozy)
Situated in Bad Rappenau, this hotel is within 12 mi (20 km) of Deutsche Greifenwarte, PreZero Arena, and Thermen & Badewelt Sinsheim. Technik Museum Sinsheim and AQUAtoll Waterpark are also within 12 mi (20 km).
Buchaeckerring 42, Bad Rappenau, BW 74906
Best Western Hotel Bad Rappenau offers 47 air-conditioned accommodations with safes and hair dryers. Beds feature pillowtop mattresses. Televisions come with cable channels. Bathrooms include showers. Guests can surf the web using the complimentary wireless Internet access. Business-friendly amenities include desks and phones. Housekeeping is provided daily.

value: Expedia Inc. is an online travel agency owned by Expedia Group, an American online travel shopping company based in Seattle.


text:
US Politics | AMERICAblog News: Romney says CO has no green jobs, despite over 70,000 of them
Romney says CO has no green jobs, despite over 70,000 of them
Sadly, the guy who will say anything was wrong again. There are lots of green jobs in Colorado if he bothered in investigate. The facts didn't fit his story though, so he lied once again. More from Inhabitat:
On a trip to Colorado, presumed Republican nominee Mitt Romney claimed that the state had no green jobs as a result of the Obama Adminstration’s energy policies. While in fact it has 72,452 jobs in “green goods and services”, according to the Bureau of Labour Statistics. Colorado’s wind energy industry alone created 4,000-5,000 jobs just last year.
Here at Inhabitat, we are used to Mitt Romney’s flip-flopping on energy issues. One moment he’s saying we should make more fuel-efficient vehicles and harness alternative energies, the next he wants to drill in Alaska, but this latest comment is either complete ignorance or simple fabrication.
Speaking in Craig, Colorado (which was the subject of a pro-fossil fuel group-funded video called “The Perfect Storm Over Craig, Colorado” that attacked the president’s energy policies), Romney strongly implied to supporters that the state had no clean energy jobs.
Speaking to the crowd, he said: “And then of course there’s his (President Obama’s) plan for energy. You see, he said he was going to create some 5 million green energy jobs. Have you seen those around here anywhere? No, as a matter of fact he’s gone after energy.”

value: Blogger is an American online content management system (CMS) which enables multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003.


text:
Spindles and Spices: Tomato Days
Pickle obsession, something I'm sure I'm not suffering from alone during summer, has hit hard. Kosher dill pickles, pickled eggs, and dilly beans reside in our refrigerator. There's still crazy amounts of homebrew laying about, I just made 3 cups of spicy beer mustard, and I have a crock full of red cabbage sauerkraut. All the pickles can be pieced together to form dinner, especially when paired with a roasted chicken or pork stew cooked over the weekend. Due to summer food canning activities and a concerted effort to eat in more often, the two sweaters on my needles are hardily touched. I only have 1.5 sleeves to knit on my Vitamin D, so I should really have at it this weekend. Also, to tempt me to eat and drink in more, I bribed myself with a pretty Japanese mixing glass and bar spoon from Umami Mart. Yeah, I never heard of a mixing glass until recently, but the obsession with Japanese barware came fast and strong. The boy had to listen to me agonize over the mixing glass purchase for almost 2 months, so he was happy when I finally bought one. Am I alone in torturing myself so much before actually making a purchase? My fear, especially with things I become obsessed with, is that the fascination will fade and the purchase will just sit there unused and unloved. Yeah, it's probably just me.
FoodycatAugust 18, 2012 at 1:18 AMPoor Vespa looks so anxious! Is mummy doing silly things in the kitchen? The spiced beer mustard sounds so delicious, as does your pickling frenzy.ReplyDeleteRaniAugust 21, 2012 at 7:13 AMWe have so much in common. I just ordered tomats from my CSA for canning, too. I have hundreds of tomatoes in my garden but they are all green. Every stinking one of them. My beans and peas have been devoured by rodents and deer. The rodent is a groundhog that looks just like the "gopher" from Caddyshack, so I'm having a hard time motivating his elimination.All is lost except my green tomatoes (I'm sure there's a way to pickle them) and my carrots. I pickled eggs with beet juice (some internet recipe). They were pink and delicious. What did do with your eggs? love love LOVE that long face. What a mug.ReplyDeletewildtomatoAugust 21, 2012 at 4:37 PMFoodycat, I do love me some pickles!Rani, I know! We do have a lot in common! Now, if only we were neighbors. I could trade you maple syrup for beer. :) Recently, I had some green tomato pickles, and they were delicious. Crunchy with just a hint of tomato flavor. Mmmmmm. For the eggs, I threw apple cider vinegar, coriander, chili, celery seeds, mustard seeds, and other things I can't remember into the mix. They are good!ReplyDeleteAdd commentLoad more...


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c# - Can the .net reportviewer control be fully operated by code only (ie., minus the toolbar) - Stack Overflow
Can the .net reportviewer control be fully operated by code only (ie., minus the toolbar)
Just started on a touchscreen based project that uses the reportviewer control. I will obviously be putting my own big buttons for report navigation , export to pdf etc since even people with tiny fingers will have a hard time clicking the out of box toolbar that comes with this control (see below screenshot). Can I do all of this from code 1) Show next / prev/first /last page of report
2) Show print dialog/page setup dialog/print layout
Thats all we need for now. I am going thru the msdn samples meanwhile. Not yet found any code to do all that the toolbar shown does. thank you
c# vb.net reporting-services reportviewer rdlc share|improve this question asked Aug 1 '11 at 21:57
1,09112047
Yes. I resolved this problem in WinWorms, stackoverflow.com/questions/114733/reportviewer-modify-toolbar/….
– lison
Jun 4 '15 at 13:29
Yes, you can. Assuming your application is Windows app, refer to ShowXXXXX properties of ReportViewer. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.reporting.winforms.reportviewer_properties%28v=VS.80%29.aspx
http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/vsreportcontrols/thread/7a2ffdd4-8e25-43f1-863d-505941968b77
http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/en-US/vsreportcontrols/thread/9f52d79d-5baf-4e84-97d5-7dbba6623b89
share|improve this answer edited Apr 15 '14 at 16:42
answered Aug 1 '11 at 22:24
8,7091272168
i see options to hide show buttons on the toolbar. But how to hide the whole toolbar and say show the print dialog or do an export of the current report on a click of my own button.. thanks
Aug 1 '11 at 23:39
There is ShowToolbar property as well. As for print dialog or export, you need to use LocalReport properties. I will add more reference to answer above
Aug 1 '11 at 23:54
Taesung. Thanks dude. I did not know msdn had a dedicated forum just to answer questions on the report viewer and other related controls like the chart control. These days I have been using stack overflow so much that I totally forgot good old technet/msdn forums that exist since pre stackoverflow days.
Aug 2 '11 at 1:03
Not the answer you're looking for?	Browse other questions tagged c# vb.net reporting-services reportviewer rdlc or ask your own question.	asked
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0 posts | Last Activity: Sep 17, 2014 9:16 AM
More LinksSummaryHistorical PricesInteractive ChartHeadlinesMarket PulseCompetitorsKey StatisticsInsider TransactionsIncome StatementBalance SheetCashflowTechnical Analysis Top Stories Russia's richest man responds to Putin's call to bring assets home Yahoo Finance 2014 Company of the Year: Under Armour Yellen Claus rally leaves bears Scrooged Oil investors betting on rebound keep getting it wrong Cramer: The most exciting stock I've seen Sides 'far apart' in West Coast port negotiations 8.74-0.05(-0.57%)10:44 AMEST
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These Amazing Benefits Are Yours When You Drink Water on an Empty – TheBreakAway
WordPress.com	These Amazing Benefits Are Yours When You Drink Water on an Empty	[Editor’s Note]
My only contention with the article below is about drinking water before brushing your teeth. This is because, as Dr. Bruce Fife shared in his incisive book, Oil Pulling Therapy – Detoxifying & Cleaning The Body Through Oral Cleansing, while you are sleeping, throughout the night the mouth generates many bacteria overtime. If you happen to drink the water before cleansing your mouth, you will simply wash down bacteria into your intestines. This is problematic because many studies have shown the correlation between bacteria in the mouth, bacteria in the intestines and dozens of diseases. Just food for thought.
Before I explain exactly how you do this mind-numbingly easy practice, you should know that the Japanese medical society found first-thing-in-the-morning-water-drinking as an assistant to curing the following diseases:
Kidney and urine disorders
If this sounds like some kind of snake-oil miracle cure, don’t fret, I’ll explain exactly how it works. The Japanese Water Cure, as it has been called, does the following things to your body’s chemical and physiological processes:
Purifies the colon, getting rid of putrefying waste, and allowing the gut to absorb more of the minerals, vitamins, and enzymes we need to be healthy.
Drinking chilled water first thing in the morning creates what is called thermogenesis, whereby the body burns up to 24% more calories throughout the day with the boosted metabolism that results from drinking water as soon as you wake.
Drinking water on an empty stomach balances the lymph system, an important part of your body’s immune function. The water helps to balance the liquids in your body and fight disease more easily.
Increases the production of new blood and muscle cells, invigorating cellular metabolism.
Drinking water alkalizes the body. Cancer cannot exist in an oxygen-rich alkalized body.
Water consumption stimulates the liver and aids in the digestive process. Some say that our guts contain about 90 percent of our health, or lack thereof.
How to Practice the Water Cure
Here are the steps you should take to make sure you get the best results from the water cure:
1. When you wake up in the morning before brushing your teeth, drink 4 x 160ml glasses of water
2. Brush and clean the mouth but do not eat or drink anything for 45 minutes. This allows the water time to filter through the digestive system.
3. After 45 minutes you can eat and drink again.
5. Those who sick or aged, and are unable to drink 4 glasses of water at the beginning of the day may try taking a little water at a time and gradually increasing it to 4 glasses per day.
The following list suggests the number of days of the water treatment should be practiced to address specific health concerns:
Arthritis patients should follow the above treatment only for 3 days in the 1st week, and from 2nd week onwards – daily. (IN other words, start slowly to allow toxins to be cleansed form the joints).
If you are healthy, this healing protocol will simply boost your energy levels, encourage natural, side-effect free detoxification which can boost your mood and help the body recover from the introduction of invaders like viruses or bad bacteria more easily.
Zy Marquiez is an avid book reviewer, an open-minded skeptic, yogi, and freelance writer who regularly studies subjects such as: Consciousness, Education, Creativity, The Individual, Ancient History & Ancient Civilizations, Forbidden Archaeology, Big Pharma, Alternative Health, Space, Geoengineering, Social Engineering, Propaganda, and much more. His own personal blog is BreakawayConsciousnessBlog.wordpress.com where his personal work is shared, while TheBreakaway.wordpress.com serves as a media portal which mirrors vital information usually ignored by mainstream press, but still highly crucial to our individual understanding of various facets of the world. My work can also be found on https://steemit.com/@zyphrex.	View all posts by BreakawayConsciousness	Posted on March 24, 2017Author BreakawayConsciousnessCategories Alternative Health, Health, News, WaterTags alternative health, Health, Water	One thought on “These Amazing Benefits Are Yours When You Drink Water on an Empty”	Lisa the Infidel says:	March 25, 2017 at 1:29 am	Reblogged this on The way I see things ….
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Toyota - North Kingstown Classified Ads - Claz.org
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xxxx Toyota Highlander LE Plus For Sale.
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Chatham & Clarendon Grammar School is a co-educational grammar school in Ramsgate, Kent, England, formed as a result of the merger of the boys-only Chatham House Grammar School and girls-only Clarendon House Grammar School in September 2011.
Chatham and Clarendon Grammar School is based across three main sites.


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Tom Tailor 580701 Tablemat Set T-Dove 35 x 50 cm Set of 6 Ecru 4260196177320 | eBay
See more Tom Tailor 580701 Tablemat Set T-dove 35 X 50 ...
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Tom Tailor 580701 Tablemat Set T-Dove 35 x 50 cm Set of 6 Ecru
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UPC: 4260196177320
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A Pirate Named Neo®: Frankie
I am beginning to think the computer I have been futzing with can no longer think. I bought this old a-square computer tower at a garage sale back in the winter of 04. Was loaded with windows 2000 but I decided it would maybe run XP. It was the slowest 'Frankenstein' type computers I ever messed around with. At one time a few years ago I used it as my 'server'. windows xp a few other programs and bulletproof ftp. I was a pretty cool little set up. Well that computer has been in storage for a while.
When I boot the computer up it checks all the ide drives, boots up to an error: Boot Failure, instert disk and press enter.
of course I put the disk in and hit enter, same mess.
I replaced the CMOS battery with one from another broke down tower. Gave me a little more choice on the boot up, I could actually get to the set up and the BIOS but still having the read out to be as if the computer has no exisisting brain functions.
Now the computer I talk of, we'll refer to as 'Frankie' has done this once before. I picked up a large bulky 22 inch monitor, again garage sale item. Cost me $3 so I was pretty happy with myself. Well about a year down the road, Frankie would come to the error Boot Failure, insert disk and press enter, so I did and windows would boot up. Frankies monitor was on the skitz bllinking and stuff and finally Frankie was working, or slhould we say not working un-monitored. Well I have a few extra 15 inch and pluged in and what do you know, that was the cause of my Boot Failure. Was fine for a few years.
This is why I have not given up on Frankie and tossed to the great iron folder...
I do suffer a condition that will not let me throw useable garbage away, and if its computer realted it IS useable. Well I'm done for now, I will keep you posted if any new comes of the situation.
Posted by Neo at 1/12/2009 08:24:00 AM


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TV Anchor Babes: A Hot Gerri Willis and Jenna Lee on FBN
Ahhh so nice to see Jenna's legs again. There is so little Jenna air-time at FBN these days it is a shame as she has such a great personality, is spot-on smart and is absolutely beautiful.The brunette in the middle is Kelly Evans - she works for Wall Street Journal online (wsj.com) and does some WSJ Minute news briefs on Fox News - she is also on Red Eye about once a month.I miss my favorite Cheryl Casone in this picture, after all high noon belongs to Cheryl - however the only "fill-in" I like to see when Cheryl is off is Jenna Lee.Hey, lots of changes coming at Fox Business if you don't already know. HAPPY HOUR was cancelled - will Rebecca D be forced back into the street corners of NYC ???
Hot, hot, hot!The brunette is Kelly Evans, she works for the Wall Street Journal.
Nice legs, and at least that awful banner isn't in the way.


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There is truth in all religions; Jesus is the fulfillment of all religions and we will all go to live with Him someday.
Lavanhar's sermon:
In his sermon today, Lavanhar said that the symptoms of this insidious disease include an unquenchable drive for more, which leads to stress, a
disconnect from the world, the sense of being overwhelmed, heart attacks, cancer, stress, and tremendous clutter. But the worst thing about it for Lavanhar is that it leads to a state of mind which he terms
"soullessness."
As a young reporter, I immediately warmed to this gentle woman who went on to win the Nobel Peace Prize, for she had seen more poverty than anyone I had ever met. Speaking in the founding, festering slum where she made her simple home, I was surprised to hear her express
pity for the “poverty-stricken West.”
Mother Teresa cited the case of a woman who died alone in her home in
Australia. Her body lay for weeks before being found. The cats were actually eating her flesh when the body was discovered. “To me, any country which allows a thing like that to happen is the poorest. And people who allow that are committing pure murder. “Our poor people would
never allow it.”
“They can teach us contentment,” she said, her leathery face gently smiling. “That is something you don't have much of in the West.
“I'll give you an example of what happened to me recently. I went out
with my sisters in Calcutta to seek out the sick and dying.
“We picked up about 40 people that day. One woman, covered in a dirty
cloth, was very ill and I could see it. So I just held her thin hand and tried to comfort her. She smiled weakly at me and said, ‘Thank you.’
Then she died. “She was more concerned to give to me than to receive from me. I put myself in her place and I thought what I would have done.
I am sure I would have said, ‘I am dying, I am hungry, call a doctor, call a Father, call somebody.’ “But what she did was so beautiful. I have never seen a smile like that. It was just perfect. It was just a heavenly gift. That woman was more concerned with me than I was with her.”
Lavanhar said that the point was that there were much worse things than financial pain and said that the dissatisfaction level in this country is at an all-time high. Googling this statement will turn up articles that state that there are extremely high dissatisfaction levels with the government, teachers, and work, among other things.
He said that we can easily be caught in the pattern that has a "dog chasing its own tail." He characterized the state of our nation as being
in a state of "mass psychosis" always in a dogged pursuit of more and the sense that we can never have enough. Coaches in sports frequently tell their players not to be satisfied with their accomplishments when their teams are doing well. However, this, under Lavanhar's reasoning, can backfire when applied to material things.
Lavanhar said that part of the problem was biological -- it used to be that our instincts would drive us to excess because we would not know
where our next meal would come from. This has been true of most of the world since the dawn of civilization. This, he said, helped us to survive lean times. However, he said that these impulses were now leading us to self-destruct.
He quoted Lee Atwater, who gave this candid quote to Life Magazine:
"My illness helped me to see that what was missing in society is what was missing in me: a little heart, a lot of brotherhood.
The '80s were about acquiring -- acquiring wealth, power, prestige. I know. I acquired more wealth, power, and prestige than most. But you can
acquire all you want and still feel empty. What power wouldn't I trade for a little more time with my family? What price wouldn't I pay for an evening with friends? It took a deadly illness to put me eye to eye with
that truth, but it is a truth that the country, caught up in its ruthless ambitions and moral decay, can learn on my dime. I don't know who will lead us through the '90s, but they must be made to speak to this spiritual vacuum at the heart of American society, this tumor of the soul."
As Lavanhar noted, it's been 20 years since then.
Now, there are more shopping centers
in this country than high schools. The CNN article notes that they attract more than 200 million shoppers a month -- around two thirds of the entire US population. Well, say the economists and politicians, that
is good because it is obviously attracting money into the country and putting more money into the economy. But Lavanhar said that the price we
pay is that it has replaced the church as a symbol for people; he said that there were even people now who get married at the Mall of America. "People used to turn to spiritual teachers to fill voids in their lives;
now, they turn to the mall," Lavanhar said.
Lavanhar said that people decide that they want more respect; therefore, they go out and get a new car. However, he said that it was really a matter of something internal and spiritual that material goods cannot satisfy. "What we really want is something worthwhile to do with our lives," he concluded.
He said that it used to be that there were two model phones, one for the desk and one for the wall. Now, there are all different kinds of phones and features and that buyer's remorse means going out and getting
something else. "It carries into relationships," he said. "People are seen as expendable. People wonder if there is a better spouse out there." We might add that over the last several decades, employees are seen as more and more expendable by corporations, who routinely lay people off in order to relocate to some country that pays cheaper wages.
We are exposed to anywhere from 247 to 3000 ads per day,
depending on the source. Sources will disagree on the figure, but we know that it is a lot. But in contrast to that, Lavanhar said that the solution for us was to live more simply. He said that this was not a matter of voluntary poverty or shutting one's self off from the world. Instead, he said that it was a matter of finding 4 or 5 priorities that were important and then getting rid of the clutter. "We didn't come here
to be saddled with junk," he said.
Lavanhar said that the point of the teaching of the Rich Young Man was that his life was defined by his possessions. By contrast, he cited Thoreau, whose purpose during his time of isolation was to live worthily
and profitably. He later became an abolitionist and his teachings lived
on well after his death, influencing King and Gandhi in their struggles. He noted that the US was fighting an unjust war back then and
was struggling with the problem of materialism back then as well.
Lavanhar said that living simply was not a matter of escaping one's responsibilities or being ignorant. He said that it was a matter of discovering for one's self what things did and didn't matter. He said that as long as we as a society were focused on attaining more, then regulations would continue to become more lax and more disasters like West, TX would occur. He said that the reason why the Oklahoma Legislature could get away with passing a law allowing horse slaughter in the face of the opposition of 80% of Oklahomans or the Senate rejecting universal background checks in the face of 90% support for that measure was the fact that we as a society were asleep. This explains why Congress remains the same despite record low approval ratings -- people think Congress is part of the problem, but they don't think that their Congressman is part of the problem. "That was how Hitler and the fascists came to power," said Lavanhar.
But as Truthout reports,
there may be a crack in the wall. More and more groups are forming to fight what they see as the corporatization of agriculture.
From the school cafeteria to rural tomato farms, and all the
way to pickets at the White House, people are challenging the ways in which government programs benefit big agribusiness to the detriment of small- and mid-sized farmers. Urban gardeners, PTA parents, ranchers, food coops, and a host of others are organizing to make the policies that govern our food and agricultural systems more just, accountable, and transparent. They are spearheading alternative policies on the local, state, national, and international levels. Some advances include the following:
is educating and lobbying to restructure the subsidy system so that it benefits small farmers instead of agribusiness. Together with other groups like Food and Water Watch, Food First, and the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, they are engaging in research, education, and strategies to help turn us all into effective policy-change advocates.
This will create an alternative to the corporate-funded research that has dominated our food policy and generate more debate about foods and food safety.
And there is a wide perception that unhealthy foods are cheaper than healthy foods. However, a new USDA study shows that is not the case; healthy foods are actually cheaper.
So while 20 years have passed since Atwater's lament that the country
has become too materialistic, it is a problem that we have had to deal with since our founding. And given this healthy food movement, it is possible that this trend is starting to reverse itself in some areas.
Apr 28, 2013 10:45:17 PM
Aug 2, 2012 8:18:03 PM
Aug 2, 2012 8:08:30 PM
Aug 2, 2012 3:54:09 PM
Let yourself be open.
“Let yourself be open and life will be easier. A spoon of salt in a glass of water makes the water undrinkable. A spoon of salt in a lake is almost unnoticed.” Siddhartha
Aug 2, 2012 3:24:25 PM
Jun 30, 2012 10:19:58 PM
http://www.facebook.com/prarbdha
Jun 30, 2012 10:16:00 PM
Jun 30, 2012 10:07:53 PM
Informative history of a progressive church.
Apr 26, 2012 11:14:25 PM
Apr 26, 2012 10:40:23 PM
Proclaiming God's universal redemption

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BBC - Learning Zone Class Clips - Creating 'Life on Mars' - Creative and Media Video We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. We also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, if you would like to, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Find out more ]]> British Broadcasting CorporationHome Accessibility links Skip to content Skip to local navigation Skip to bbc.co.uk navigation Skip to bbc.co.uk search Accessibility Help LEARNING ZONE BROADBAND
CLIP 8260
The production team behind 'Life on Mars' talk through the creative process of pitching and producing the ground-breaking police drama series. 'Life on Mars' is a pastiche of a 70s cop series, where a present day detective is transported back to the 1970s. Subject: Creative and Media Topic: Media Keywords:
pitching, commissioning, scriptwriting, pastiche TV Production, comedy, Life on Mars
Process of pitching and getting commissioned for TV production. Scriptwriting and developing ideas. Role of pastiche. The media as a social commentator.

value: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the national broadcaster of the United Kingdom. Headquartered at Broadcasting House in  London, it is the world's oldest national broadcaster, and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, employing over 22,000 staff in total, of whom approximately 19,000 are in public-sector broadcasting.


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Tom Hunt & The Mindful Kitchen -Earth, Metal, Water, Wood, Fire @Our/London Tickets, Fri, 1 Sep 2017 at 19:00 | Eventbrite
Spurstowe Road London E8 1LS United Kingdom View Map
Join us for a five course feast inspired by the earth’s elements - presented by award-winning chef and food writer Tom Hunt and Heather Thomas from The Mindful Kitchen. Our feast will be interactive and will show you how to use all of your senses. You’ll be tasting, contemplating and even participating in the final flavours of your meal, but also sharing stories that challenge you to see food in a new light. Our/London Vodka will be paired with the meal mixed with Tom’s fermented drinks.
“Food is pleasure, nourishment and a connection to our earth and soil. To explore these connections I wanted to create a meal that nourishes us and our ecology through pleasure. The way we eat and combine food affects how we absorb nutrients and the whole satisfaction of a meal. This tasting menu combines food to gently satiate and satisfy, inspired by the ancient wisdom of Chinese medicine and the earth’s elements”. Tom Hunt The Preserved@Our/London Distillery series has been designed to show the many different ways that preserved foods can be enjoyed and celebrated convivially. Other names series include Kylee Newton, Olia Hercules, Freddie Janssen, Alana Holloway and Nick Barnard. The Menu
Tom Hunt & The Mindful Kitchen - Earth, Metal, Water, Wood, Fire
Wood feeds fire, Fire creates earth, Earth bears metal, Metal collects water, Water nourishes wood...
Melon, coconut butter, silver Iced vodka Ajo blanco, grapes Water
Native oysters, black garlic, ice plant
Charcoal water Wood
Chlorophyll, Jerusalem artichoke, British wasabi, essential oil of basil, lavender or lemon
Tinte Natural Rose Fire
Burnt strawberries, yoghurt, basil, ash, caramelised chili, strawberry seeds
Goats milk kefir, vodka
Pumpkin, egg yolk, London honey, spelt, cinnamon, bee pollen Barley malt water, barley malt infused vodka Chocolate salted rye cookies
*Menu subject to change, based on availability and seasonality of ingredients
Tom Hunt is an acclaimed eco-chef, food writer and author of The Natural Cook. Tom believes in a fair global food system where our actions benefit community, biodiversity and wildlife. His food is cooked slowly by hand with the minimal use of machinery showing a deep respect for the ingredients and their origin. Heather Thomas is the founder of the Mindful Kitchen, a social enterprise that's developed a process to blend mindfulness and food to teach people how to connect to nature and limit the impact of climate change. In 2017, she trained in climate change communications with Al Gore and his Climate Reality Project and is a certified Climate Reality Leader. Read more

value: Eventbrite is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events.


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BLIMEY! The Blog of British Comics: Firework comics: FILM FUN (1946)
From my collection, here's a few pages from the "Grand Firework Number" of Film Fun from exactly 70 years ago, this week in 1946. Despite being all in black and white, the 16 page weekly delivered good value for 3d (1p) by packing in lots of detail in its intricately drawn strips. Unlike its large tabloid-sized sister papers published by the Amalgamated Press, Film Fun was the same height as a modern-day Beano.
The Laurel and Hardy strip on the cover was the work of George Wakefield. Here's the continuation on the back page...
I've used the late Denis Gifford's information to identify the artists. I'm not sure if it's all correct as some weeks had fill-in artists ghosting the style but hopefully most, in not all, are accurate. Here's Frank Randle by Harry Parlett (father of artists Reg and George Parlett)...
The popular George Formby takes up the centrespread, also by George Wakefield...
Wakefield is also credited by Gifford as the artist on Joe E. Brown, although I'm not sure this particular one is by him...
...and, again, Gifford credits George Wakefield as the artist of Max Miller, but could one artist really draw six pages a week, every week, of such intricate quality? I guess so, as Dudley Watkins managed even more. I suppose life was more straightforward back then.
Finally, Abbott and Costello, drawn by Walter Bell...
This editorial announcement is interesting. World War 2 had caused paper rationing which presumably affected the print runs of comics, but with the war over, things were starting to improve...
I hope you've enjoyed this look at a comic from 70 years ago. As noted in previous posts, comics had a more carefree depiction of fireworks back then, with numerous instances of characters holding fireworks or being in the midst of the display. (Although in truth there were some fireworks that were designed to be held. They had a wooden, later plastic, handle, and I remember them very clearly from the 1960s.) Whatever you're doing this weekend, I hope you have a happy and safe November 5th (and all the other nights the fireworks are going off).
Labels: Film Fun, fireworks, George Wakefield, Harry Parlett, Walter Bell
It baffles me that in today's risk assesement driven world we are still able to buy fireworks. In the 60s I could as an eight year old buy penny bangers over the counter.
Friday, 4 November 2016 at 18:27:00 GMT
Ken, an eight year old can't do that any more, you need to be 18!
Saturday, 5 November 2016 at 14:20:00 GMT
I think Ken meant he was baffled that adults could still buy fireworks. The anecdote was just an addition.
Saturday, 5 November 2016 at 14:27:00 GMT