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Patent US6980404 - Method and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of a spin valve ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA giant magnetoresistance (GMR) head for magnetic storage systems, the GMR head having a free layer with improved soft magnetic properties while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects. The free layer comprises an alloy comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight...http://www.google.com/patents/US6980404?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6980404 - Method and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of a spin valve while retaining high giant magnetoresistanceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6980404 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/289,105Publication dateDec 27, 2005Filing dateNov 6, 2002Priority dateNov 6, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20040085689Publication number10289105, 289105, US 6980404 B2, US 6980404B2, US-B2-6980404, US6980404 B2, US6980404B2InventorsJames Mac Freitag, Mustafa PinarbasiOriginal AssigneeHitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (1), Classifications (14), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of a spin valve while retaining high giant magnetoresistanceUS 6980404 B2Abstract A giant magnetoresistance (GMR) head for magnetic storage systems, the GMR head having a free layer with improved soft magnetic properties while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects. The free layer comprises an alloy comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentage of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
1. A method for forming a spin valve sensor, comprising:
forming a pinned layer; forming a spacer layer; and forming a free layer disposed on the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming the free layer further comprises forming an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x is substantially equal to 81%, y is substantially equal to 11% and z is substantially equal to 8%.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming of the pinned layer further comprises forming a ferromagnetic material.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming of the pinned layer further comprises an antiferromagnetic coupled structure.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming a free layer disposed on the spacer layer further comprises forming a free layer comprising an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
6. A thin film magnetoresistive (MR) spin valve read sensor comprising:
a pinned layer; a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer; and a free layer being disposed upon the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively. 7. The sensor of claim 6 wherein the free layer further comprises an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x is substantially equal to 81%, y is substantially equal to 11% and z is substantially equal to 8%.
8. The sensor of claim 6 wherein the free layer comprises an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
9. The sensor of claim 6 wherein the pinned layer comprises ferromagnetic material.
10. The sensor of claim 6 wherein the pinned layer further comprises an antiferromagnetic coupled structure.
at least one movable magnetic medium; a slider; an actuator for positioning the slider relative to the movable magnetic medium; and a head coupled to the slider such that the head may be positioned relative to the at least one movable magnetic medium by the action of moving the slider with the actuator; wherein the head includes a GMR sensor having
a pinned layer; a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer; and a free layer being disposed upon the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively. 12. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the free layer further comprises an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x is substantially equal to 81%, y is substantially equal to 11% and z is substantially equal to 8%.
13. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the free layer comprises an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
14. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the pinned layer comprises a ferromagnetic material.
15. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the pinned layer further comprises an antiferromagnetic coupled structure.
16. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the free layer comprises moments perpendicular to moments of the pinned layer.
This invention relates in general to giant magnetoresistance (GMR) heads for magnetic storage systems, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of a spin valve free layer while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects.
Magnetic recording systems that utilize magnetic disk and tape drives constitute the main form of data storage and retrieval in present-day computer and data processing systems. In the recording process, information is written and stored as magnetization patterns on the magnetic recording medium. Scanning a write head over the medium and energizing the write head with appropriate current waveforms accomplish this recording process. In a read-back process, scanning a magnetoresistive (MR) sensor over the medium retrieves the stored information. This MR read head sensor intercepts magnetic flux from the magnetization patterns on the recording medium and converts the magnetic flux into electrical signals, which are then detected and decoded.
However, limitations of MR sensor performance were drastically expanded by the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, also known as the spin-valve effect. In contrast to a conventional MR effect, which is based on homogeneous ferromagnetic metals or alloys, the GMR effect is present only in heterogeneous magnetic systems with two or more ferromagnetic components and at least one nonmagnetic component. Hence, a GMR head has a greater sensitivity to magnetic fields from a disk.
Accordingly, a spin valve sensor is employed by a GMR read head for sensing magnetic fields on a moving magnetic medium, such as a rotating magnetic disk. A typical spin valve sensor includes a nonmagnetic electrically conductive spacer layer between a ferromagnetic pinned layer structure and a ferromagnetic free layer structure. An antiferromagnetic pinning layer interfaces and is exchange coupled to the pinned layer structure for pinning a magnetic moment of the pinned layer structure 90� to an air bearing surface (ABS) where the ABS is an exposed surface of the sensor that faces the rotating disk. Leads are connected to the spin valve sensor for conducting a sense current.
A magnetic moment of the free layer structure is typically oriented parallel to the ABS in a quiescent condition, the quiescent condition being where the sense current is conducted through the sensor in the absence of any signal fields. The magnetic moment of the free layer structure is free to rotate from the parallel position in response to signal fields from the rotating magnetic disk. Changes in response to field signals from the rotating disk changes the resistance of the spin valve sensor due to the angle between the magnetic moments of the pinned and free layer structures. The sensitivity of the sensor is quantified by a magnetoresistive coefficient dr/R (ΔR/R) where dr is the change in resistance of the sensor between parallel and antiparallel orientations of the pinned and free layer structures and R is the resistance of the sensor when the moments are parallel. The GMR effect operates to produce a lower resistance for parallel alignment of the pinned and free layer structures, and a higher resistance for antiparallel alignment of the pinned and free layer structures.
Several classes of soft magnetic materials have evolved for use in the construction of spin valves. Permalloy, a general term that refers to alloys of Ni and Fe, is one class used in the fabrication of spin valves due to permalloy's very small anisotropy (i.e., varying of magnetic properties along different axis) and magnetostriction characteristics. Another important design feature for spin valves is to provide a magnetic material for the free layer structure that lowers coercivity, i.e., the magnetic field necessary to switch the direction of magnetization and decrease magnetic induction to zero.
Moreover, the success of hard disk drives (HDDs) originates from these successful design features and an ever-increasing demand for storage capacity coupled with a consistent reduction in price per megabyte. Areal density (expressed as billions of bits per square inch of disk surface area, Gbits/in2) is the product of linear density (bits of information per inch of track) multiplied by track density (tracks per inch), and varies with disk radius. Improved areal density levels have been the dominant reason for the reduction in price per megabyte. High areal densities have been achieved by introducing new technology and by proportionally reducing certain key dimensions, such as the GMR head, within the HDD (�scaling�). Thus, there is a present need to reduce the free layer thickness in GMR spin valve sensor.
Current spin valve designs have free layers composed of a bilayer of CoFe and NiFe. A minimum thickness of CoFe in contact with a Cu spacer layer in the spin valve is necessary to achieve the highest GMR signal. In other words, sensitivity is increased with a reduction in the thickness of the free layer. However, to maintain acceptable sensor performance, and GMR, the bilayer material CoFe should not be reduced far below 15 Å. Hence, in reducing the bilayer structure of CoFe and NiFe to a thickness below 15 Å, the NiFe must be reduced to near zero.
The soft magnetic properties of CoFe are less attractive than NiFe and as the total thickness of the free layer is reduced, the ratio of CoFe to NiFe increases. As a result of the increased ratio, coercivity increases causing a strong resistance to change in magnetization of the bilayer structure. Thus, it is important to find a replacement for CoFe with improved soft magnetic properties, yet while retaining high GMR.
It can be seen that there is a need for providing a high quality soft magnetic material for the spin valve free layers of magnetic recording heads.
More particularly, it can be seen that there is a need for providing improved soft magnetic properties for free layers of spin valves while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To overcome the limitations in the prior art described above, and to overcome other limitations that will become apparent upon reading and understanding the present specification, the present invention discloses a method and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of the spin valve free layer while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects.
The present invention solves the above-described problems by providing a high quality magnetic material, such as CoFeCu, as a replacement for the CoFe/NiFe bilayer spin valve structure. The CoFeCu free layer provides enhanced sensitivity by an improved magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R) and increased sheet resistance coupled with a low uniaxial anisotropy field (Hk). The design of the present invention yields a high amplitude sensor with a desired magnetic stability.
A method for forming a spin valve sensor in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes forming a pinned layer, forming a spacer layer; and forming a free layer disposed on the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
A thin film magnetoresistive (MR) spin valve read sensor in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes a pinned layer, a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer and a free layer being disposed upon the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
A magnetic storage system in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes at least one movable magnetic medium, a slider, an actuator for positioning the slider relative to the movable magnetic medium and a head coupled to the slider such that the head may be positioned relative to the at least one movable magnetic medium by the action of moving the slider with the actuator; wherein the head includes a GMR sensor having a pinned layer, a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer and a free layer being disposed upon the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
FIG. 1 illustrates a storage system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates one example of a magnetic disk drive storage system;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a magnetic disk drive;
FIG. 4 illustrates one example of a magnetic sensor;
FIG. 5 illustrates an air bearing surface (ABS) of a slider;
FIG. 6 illustrates an air bearing surface view of a GMR sensor according to the present invention; and
FIG. 7 is a table comparing the properties of a free layer formed by a CoFeCu alloy with other free layer compositions according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the following description of the exemplary embodiment, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration the specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized as structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The present invention solves the above-described problems by forming a GMR sensor including a spin valve free layer formed of CoFeCu or a CoFeCu alloy. The free layer according to the present invention has soft magnetic properties that reduce at least the magnetic field needed to switch the direction of magnetization in a spin valve structure (i.e., coercivity).
At least one slider 226 is positioned on the disk 220, each slider 226 supporting one or more magnetic read/write heads 228 where the heads 228 incorporate a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor of the present invention. As the disk(s) 220 rotate, slider 226 is moved radially in and out over disk surface 230 so that heads 228 may access different portions of the disk 220 where desired data is recorded. Each slider 226 is attached to an actuator arm 232 by means of a suspension 234. The suspension 234 provides a slight spring force, which biases slider 226 against the disk surface 230. Each actuator arm 232 is attached to an actuator 236. The actuator 236 may be a voice coil motor (VCM). The VCM has a coil movable within a fixed magnetic field, the direction and speed of the coil movements being controlled by motor current signals supplied by a control unit 240.
During operation of the disk drive 200, the rotation of the disk 220 generates an air bearing between slider 226 and the disk surface 230, which exerts an upward force or lift on the slider 226. The surface of the slider 226, which includes head 228 and faces the surface of disk 220 is referred to as an air-bearing surface (ABS). The air bearing thus counter-balances the slight spring force of suspension 234 and, during normal operation, supports the slider 226 off of, and slightly above, the disk surface 230 at a small, substantially constant spacing.
FIG. 3 is a top view 300 of a magnetic disk drive. The magnetic disk drive 300 includes a spindle 332 that supports and rotates a magnetic disk 334. A combined read and write magnetic head 340 is mounted on a slider 342 that is supported by a suspension 344 and actuator arm 346. The present invention is not limited to a single unit, and a plurality of disks, sliders and suspensions may be employed in a large capacity direct access storage device (DASD). The suspension 344 and actuator arm 346 position the slider 342 so that the magnetic head 340 is in a transducing relationship with a surface of the magnetic disk 334. When the disk 334 is rotated by a motor, the slider is supported on a thin cushion of air (air bearing) between the surface of the disk 334 and the air-bearing surface (ABS) (FIG. 4�448). The magnetic head 340 may then be employed for writing information to multiple circular tracks on the surface of the disk 334, as well as for reading information therefrom.
FIG. 4 illustrates one example of a magnetic sensor 400 according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, first and second solder connections 404 and 416 connect leads from the slider 442 to a suspension (FIG. 3�346). Third and fourth solder connections 418 and 406 connect leads from a coil in the magnetic head 440 to the suspension (FIG. 3�346). However, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the present invention is not meant to be limited to the magnetic sensor configuration shown in FIG. 4, but that other magnetic sensor configurations may be used in the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates an air bearing surface (ABS) of a slider 500. The slider 500 has a center rail 556 that supports the magnetic head 540, and side rails 558 and 560. The rails 556, 558 and 560 extend from a cross rail 562. With respect to rotation of the magnetic disk (FIG. 3�334), the cross rail 562 is at a leading edge 564 of the slider and the magnetic head 540 is at a trailing edge 566 of the slider. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the present invention is not limited to the above ABS configuration.
FIG. 6 illustrates an air bearing surface view of a GMR sensor 600 according to the present invention. GMR heads are very attractive for use as high density recording magneto resistive (MR) heads because of their high readback output voltages, linear response, and symmetrical read sensitivity profiles.
In FIG. 6, an air bearing surface view of a GMR sensor 600 including end regions 612 and 614 separated by a central region 616 is shown. A free layer (free ferromagnetic layer) 618 is separated from a pinned layer (AP-pinned ferromagnetic layer) 620 by a non-magnetic, electrically-conducting spacer layer 622 (typically, primarily copper). In one embodiment of the present invention, the free layer 618 includes, for example, CoFeCu or a CoFeCu alloy. The magnetization of the pinned layer 620 is fixed through exchange coupling with an antiferromagnetic (AFM) layer 624. The magnetization of the free layer 618, however, is free to rotate in the presence of an external field. Free layer 618, spacer layer 622, pinned layer 620 and the AFM layer 624 are all formed in the central region 616.
Hard bias layers 626 and 628 formed in the end regions 612 and 614, respectively, provide longitudinal bias for the free layer 618. Leads 630 and 632 formed over hard bias layers 626 and 628, respectively, provide electrical connections for the flow of the sensing current Is, from a current source 634 to the GMR sensor 600. A signal detector 640, which is electrically connected to the leads 630 and 632, senses the change in resistance of the GMR sensor 600 due to changes induced by the external magnetic field (e.g., the field generated when a field transition on a disk is moved past the GMR sensor 600). A cap (not shown) is optionally provided on the free layer 618.
During the manufacturing of a read/write head for magnetic recording media, the write head may be formed adjacent to the GMR sensor 600. One skilled in the art will realize that during the manufacture of the write head, and during some of the processes involved in manufacturing the GMR sensor 600, itself, high temperature processes have inevitably been involved. (Examples are the photoresist baking of the write head, the annealing of the AFM layer 624 materials on a substrate 610, which is required for some materials, and resetting of the pinned layer 620). At these temperatures, the grain boundaries of adjacent materials tend to become aligned, notably at the junction of the spacer 622 and the free layer 618 and/or at the boundary of the spacer 622 and the pinned layer 620. In this condition, it is very easy for diffusion between such layers to occur. This results in a degradation of the output signal amplitude produced by the GMR sensor 600.
Other constructions of the GMR sensor 600 are possible, and one skilled in the art could readily adapt the present invention for use with such alternative constructions. For example, where pinned layers 620 having multiple layers are used, multiple iterations of the spacer 622 (and diffusion barrier) could also be employed. It is important to note that in order to illustrate the present invention, the inventive free layer 618 is shown in the context of the GMR sensor 600. However, the invention is by no means limited to such constructions. Indeed, it is intended that the free layer be incorporated, as described herein, into more sophisticated constructions (perhaps containing additional material layers, or the like), both those presently in existence and those to be developed in the future.
FIG. 7 is a table 700 comparing the properties of a free layer formed by a CoFeCu alloy with other free layer compositions according to the present invention. Magnetic properties vary as a function of the composition of an alloy. According to the present invention, a varying of the Cu content in a composition can cause a decrease in the coercivity of the composition. For example, anisotropy values increase with the Cu content of a CoFeCu film 710. Also, for example, anisotropy values higher than 11 Oersteds (Oe) can be achieved in the alloys by Cu enrichment of a CoFeCu film 710. Hence, the anisotropy for a CoFeCu film 710 in the 3 to 6 atomic % Cu range is 13-14 Oe, and increases to about 16 to 20 Oe for films with about 14 to 20 atomic % Cu.
In FIG. 7, a comparison of various magnetic properties of a CoFeCu alloy 710, CoFe 720, and a standard bilayer (CoFe 15 Å/NiFe 25 Å) 730 free layer is examined. The various properties include the sheet resistance of a spin valve (Rsheet) 740, sensitivity (ΔR/R) 750 and the coupling layer between a pinned layer and the free layer (He) 760. Also, the coercivity, or resistance of a magnetic material to magnetization, is shown. The coercivity is displayed for both the easy axis (Hce) 770 (magnetism of a material in a favorable direction), coercivity hard axis (Hch) 780 (magnetism of a material in an unfavorable direction), uniaxial anisotropy (Hk) 790, thickness 792 and lambda (i.e., the magnetostriction constant) 795.
As GMR heads are made smaller, the standard bilayer free layer structure formed from CoFe and NiFe is also reduced. However, to maintain acceptable free layer properties, the CoFe should not be reduced to a thickness below 15 Å. Thus, the NiFe must be reduced to near zero as the bilayer structure reaches 15 Å in thickness. Accordingly, the ratio of CoFe to NiFe in the bilayer structure increases. However, the soft magnetic properties of CoFe are less attractive than NiFe.
Hence, the table of FIG. 7 compares properties for spin valves including a 40 Å free layers of CoFeCu (81/11/8 atomic %) 710, a CoFe (90/10 atomic %) 720 and NiFe bilayer structure with NiFe reduced to zero, and a standard bilayer structure (CoFe 15 Å/NiFe 25 Å) 730. According to the present invention, although the sensitivity (ΔR/R) 750 is slightly reduced for CoFe 720 and CoFeCu 710, the coercivity, Hce 770 and Hch 780, for CoFeCu 710 is much improved over CoFe 720 as seen by these reduced values. This improved coercively (Hce 770, Hch 780) coupled with a low uniaxial anisotropy field, Hk 790, yields a high amplitude sensor (ΔR/R 750), and thus, a desired magnetic softness and stability.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a free layer 797 for Cox, Fey, and Cuz may have, for example, the atomic weight percentages wherein x is substantially equal to 81%, y is substantially equal to 11% and z is substantially equal to 8%. However, other percentages may be possible and yet provide a high amplitude sensor with desired magnetic stability.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5582927Dec 5, 1994Dec 10, 1996International Business Machines CorporationHigh magnetic moment materials and process for fabrication of thin film headsUS5640754Apr 6, 1995Jun 24, 1997Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueProcess of producing a magnetic read head having a multilayer magnetoresistant element and a concentratorUS5764448Mar 3, 1997Jun 9, 1998Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueMagnetic read head having a multilayer magnetoresistant element and a concentrator, as well as its production processUS5840420Mar 21, 1996Nov 24, 1998The University Of AlabamaMagnetoresistance elements exhibiting thermally stable giant magnetoresistance effectUS5883765May 2, 1997Mar 16, 1999Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueVertical magnetic head having first and second magnetic materials in specific shapesUS6167611May 1, 1997Jan 2, 2001Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueProcess for producing a vertical magnetic headUS6195240Jul 31, 1998Feb 27, 2001International Business Machines CorporationSpin valve head with diffusion barrierUS6315839Oct 21, 1998Nov 13, 2001International Business Machines CorporationMethod of making a keeper layer for a spin valve sensor with low intrinsic anisotropy fieldUS6393692 *Apr 1, 1999May 28, 2002Headway Technologies, Inc.Method of manufacture of a composite shared pole design for magnetoresistive merged headsUS6524491 *Apr 26, 1999Feb 25, 2003Headway Technologies, Inc.Double plate-up process for fabrication of composite magnetoresistive shared polesUS20010021089 *Feb 28, 2001Sep 13, 2001Sony CorporationMagnetoresistive-effect elementJPH06268280A * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1"Laminated Seed Layers for Plated Thin Film Heads and Structures," IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 35, No. 1B, Jun. 1992, pp. 457-459.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7277260 *Sep 21, 2004Oct 2, 2007Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands, B.V.Magnetic head spin valve structure with CoFeCu magnetic layer and ZnOx/TaOx cap layer* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification360/324.12, G9B/5.116International ClassificationH01F10/32, H01F10/16, H01L43/08, H01L43/10, G11B5/39Cooperative ClassificationB82Y25/00, B82Y10/00, G11B2005/3996, G11B5/3903European ClassificationB82Y10/00, B82Y25/00, G11B5/39CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 11, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Oct 25, 2012ASAssignmentOwner name: HGST, NETHERLANDS B.V., NETHERLANDSEffective date: 20120723Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HGST, NETHERLANDS B.V.;REEL/FRAME:029341/0777Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HITACHI GLOBAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES NETHERLANDS B.V.;REEL/FRAME:029341/0777Owner name: HGST NETHERLANDS B.V., NETHERLANDSMay 22, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Oct 6, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: HITACHI GLOBAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES NETHERLANDS B.Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:014029/0658Effective date: 20030925Nov 6, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW YFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FREITAG, JAMES M.;PINARBASI, MUSTAFA;REEL/FRAME:013474/0749Effective date: 20021101RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


text:
 Mecca - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 archived 13 Feb 2015 21:21:52 UTC

type: global

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The 'Spill: Summer favourites
Noodle-free jazz!
I know the summer's long gone, but I haven't had a chance to mention the folllowing songs on RR. These were some of my favourite discoveries of the summer.
Elan Mehler is a jazz pianist with very strong Bill Evans influences. Here he covers a song by Gillian Welch.
The genre that fits Portico Quartet the closest is jazz I guess but there's more to it. They also remind me of Cinematic Orchestra. Their main instrument is this thing called a hang that sounds like a steel drum. They're really good live, especially the track Cittagazze.
Posted by ejaydee at 10:31 PM
Labels: Bill Evans, Cinematic Orchestra, Elan Mehler, Gillian Welch, Portico Quartet
Is a hang struck or plucked?
It is struck with those foamy sticks if I remember correctly, here's the picture I almost posted of the Hangist(?)/Hanger(?), but it doesn't look too appealing with his goatee, big jumper and hat a bit sideways
http://lamivo.blogspot.com/2007/03/portico-quartet.html
Those Portico Quartet tracks sound very good. The cello and soprano sax do make them sound a bit like Cinematic Orchestra, but I'd place them closer to folk and world influenced groups like Gotan Project or Jack Dejohnette's work with Foday Musay and John Surman. The sax/hang interplay also reminds me of Michel Portal/Richard Galliano, very fine.
I'd recommend the whole album, nilpferd, they're really good. thanks for pinpointing their style, I'm not very good at that. I'll check out the JdJ connections.
Well, I just downloaded it from itunes. You're right, well worth it. Thanks for the tip!
Jack Dejohnette's techno/world music mix here-
http://www.jackdejohnette.com/order_ripple_effect.htm
contains remixes of an earlier, non electronic album he recorded with Foday Musa (not Musay as I thought).
Hybrids was my favourite purchase in 2007.
And if you don't know it, Michel Portal and Richard Galliano's Blow Up is also great.
http://www.amazon.fr/Blow-Up-Galliano-Portal/dp/B000024UMN

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text:
The Underrated Blog: 01/01/2005 - 02/01/2005
Now I like the Killers, I know some people think that they are just a regurgitation of Duran Duran, 80's pop, [insert other comparison here], but what the hell, they do it pretty well. I have to go off on a tangent for a second. My biggest pet peeve in the music journalism world is the fact that you always have to compare one band to another. I understand that helps people place who they are and whether they will like them, but dammit, can't I just tell you that there's this band, and they are doing this, and you should listen to them? The comparisons, to me, feel like the writer proving his/her knowledge and placing the band in the conformed genre. It's just not that simple. Sure, bands have influences, but we should be striving for bands not to sound like someone else. Anyways, just a rant. Back to the story...
Currently listening to: Chemo Limo (right click, save as)- Regina Spektor. What can I say about this incredible singer/songwriter? This song gives me chills each time I listen to it. Thank you Regina for showing this male-driven industry that women can be talented, fearless, and unique. Hopefully Ms. Spektor will be the cover of the next issue. Fingers crossed.
You are underrated. So are we. Let's Rock. A self-promotion: UNDERRATED MAGAZINE'S One-Year Anniversary Concert at Tribeca Rock Club. THIS Wednesday, February 2, 2005. Featuring: Tammany Hall NYC, El Jezel, A Brief Smile, and NYCSmoke. Doors open at 7pm. $8. Visit http://www.underratedmagazine.com/ for more information.So my local newspaper in New Jersey did a story on me and the magazine. I did it only so that news of the show would spread, I'd rather keel over and die than have myself be the focus. So I talked to the freelancer who also works for CNBC and it was a little strange being on that side of the interview, but I was interested to see what she would do with the story. My parents brought it in this Saturday. I couldn't believe how many things were blatenly wrong! How frickin unethical. Even I know how to do basic fact-checking. First off, and most importantly, she got the date of the show wrong. THE WHOLE POINT OF THE ARTICLE. Come on! She also said I graduated 2 years ago (3), lived in the NYU Dorms (live in an apartment), three bands are playing (four), and that I copy the magazines at Kinkos (Unique.) Terrible. Just terrible. And when I wrote a nice but pointed email to the editor of the local newspaper, she didn't even acknowledge. Oh well. What can you do now. Silly journalists...I can't stop listening to the new Bright Eyes albums. It has perfectly accompanied my mood in the last few weeks, overly stressed causing overly emotional causing lack of sleep causing a tad bit insanity. Anyways, Conor Oberst rocks and even though there is so much hype around him right now, I definitely think he deserves it. So in essence, he's not over or under, he's just rated.First mp3, enjoy!: We are Nowhere and It's Now from I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning- Bright Eyes (right click and save as or mac users - click holding down control)
nycsmoke,


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Health + nutrition | Leaf Parade.
Category Archives: Health + nutrition	Post navigation
April 5, 2013 by Leaf Parade	On May 5th I will be participating in Project Bread’s 45th annual Walk For Hunger, a 20-mile trek around the Greater Boston area that promotes awareness of hunger in our communities. Last spring, I joined 43,000 walkers, and together we raised $3.6 million. For those of you who don’t know, Project Bread supports a wide […]
March 22, 2013 by Leaf Parade	Six weeks ago, I quit sugar. I know this sounds really extreme and odd (and yes, I can actually hear you rolling your eyes from all the way over here), but that’s what I did. I quit sugar. In fact, not only did I quit sugar, I quit all things sweet, including artificial sweeteners and, […]

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Mullins Tourism 2017: Best of Mullins, SC - TripAdvisor
41,464 reviews and opinions Mullins, South Carolina
33 Reviews #1 of 3 in Mullins "Tasteful Victorian decor and..."

value: Tripadvisor, Inc. is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


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Attitude? Hogwash! Happiness Is Sheer Luck - The Washington Post
Attitude? Hogwash! Happiness Is Sheer Luck
By Henry Mitchell By Henry Mitchell April 29, 1983
The mush of the year, which is dished out frequently on television, in magazines and in sermons delivered by assorted con men and fools, is simple enough:
You are what you make yourself. You are happy or unhappy depending on your attitude. It is within your power to take charge of your life, etc., zub, zub, zub.
It is, of course, a fairly cruel philosophy, which is my main objection to it, and if other objections are sought, I might add that it is patently false, disgustingly complacent and substantially opposed to the core of morality, which is fellow-feeling for other humans.
Of course, redneck preachers, rich peddlers of all sorts, and inheritors of sufficient wealth not to worry about America now all tend to congratulate themselves on their acumen, prudence, sound outlook and general success. But I am not sure, to begin with, how to achieve happiness if one is born with substandard intelligence, crippled legs and so on. I am not sure, either, how one achieves happiness at Dachau.
Those who put their faith in positive thinking and right attitudes, apart from having escaped the slightest comprehension of man's place in the cosmos, are merely living in a dream world of maximum restriction. For them, paradise is not having mumps at the moment, and possessing a television set that beams a steady message to them that they're pretty damn okay; and on this quivering foundation they set up their plastic castles, trumpeting that all that exists ought to exist and (in particular) that if anything is wrong somewhere, temporarily, (as at the morgue) it is hardly to be taken into account, in comparison with the general rule that the righteous prosper.
I have no beef myself. I am at the moment healthy, plump, sassy, without more trauma from wife and kids than is the mortal lot, and moreover I find the world fairly enchanting even to look at, and I have a good hound and an amazing terrier and a house I like better than other houses and a piece of land on which I waddle about contentedly. As one of my betters said,
These beautiful lines, gleaned from the harvest fields of English literature, once puzzled a dazzling woman I know about: she never could figure out what the "rye pappels" were that fell about the head.
But to get on--my own lines have fallen in pleasant places and for the time being I am, as these things go, a happy man. But this has less to do with my sound attitudes, and even less to do with my virtues, than with sheer luck.
It can change, of course. That admirable king of Lydia, captive before Cyrus, warned the Persian emperor not to congratulate himself too soon on his happiness or his power. Wait till you die.
I know one thing that none of these preachy asses seem to know:
Most that passes for happiness and almost all that passes for virtue is luck.
We are not so insulated from the world as we think. Can one be quite happy being held up by a thug? Is happiness independent of such inconveniences as having three deformed children who society thinks are priceless gifts of God but whom nobody chips in a dime to pay the bills for?
Descending from grand sorrows, I shall mention a handful of the griefs I have endured the past few days, not with the idea that you must drop the coffeepot and begin to weep for me, but merely to point out that all of these things have cost me time or money or both, and thus have impinged forcibly on my life through no particular fault of my own.
* The Riggs National Bank, doubtless unafraid of inflation and blessed with a most sanguine merry outlook, raised the rent on my safe deposit box from $45 to
00 a year. It takes time to clear out the box and find another bank, but this little chore is necessary unless one has a taste for being gouged.
* The Diamond Cab Co., which purports to take advance orders for cabs to the airport and Union Station, accepted my call at 11 a.m. for a cab to the station at 4:30. Everything was still great when they were checked about 4 p.m. When the cab did not come and I missed the train, the dispatcher said he could sure see why I was disappointed but that was because it had started to rain. "If it hadn't rained, the cab would have been there," he said.
Now I have a pretty cheerful outlook, and a missed train (there is only one a day, needless to say, to where I was going) is not going to ruin my life. I dismiss these little mishaps with a cheerful hope that Diamond Cab will arrive on time in hell and (there being no rain there, it is said) roam back and forth in that eternal warmth.
* A registration certificate for an automobile arrived saying its expiration date was March 31, 1983. In fact, the expiration date is March 31, 1984. If you persist, you eventually get them on the phone and once you go over it about 14 times, they get the point, that a clerical error has been made. Well, my sweet Lord, pay no attention to that. It's a valid registration certificate, it just has the wrong expiration date on it.
Which is fine, until you try to explain that to a cop at 9 p.m. some rainy November.
* Arriving at the subway stop for Cleveland Park, I proposed to ride the agreeable machine downtown and dropped coins for my ticket into the farecard maw. It registered my donation, but declined to give me either my farecard or to return my coins, though God knows I know how to punch every button Metro has got and then some. The attendant, as it happened, was not in his little house, nor on the platform below. If he had gone to the john, he had a real problem, since I waited a spell, not being one to throw money away. But in the end, I dropped in another set of coins, in another machine, and got my farecard. The ride only cost double what it should have. This may be the place to say that when executives of Metro retire in a shower of praise, I am always delighted to see them gone, since sooner or later we are bound to get a management under which this sort of continuing annoyance (though the chief annoyance is buses that do not show up at all) does not occur.
And so on and on. On the plus side, I am not adding a new room to my house, nor do I deal with laundries (my shirts are expertly washed by human hands and I learned early that a primary aim of a man's life is to get shirts washed without tickets) nor do I buy things from department stores, so I have none of those common vexations that thousands do.
* I have four new tires, one of which developed a sort of egg on the tire wall, suggesting the inner wall had broken and that the tire might burst. I took it back and they said gee, and are giving me a new tire absolutely free, only it has to come from New York, of course, and will take 10 days, and I have to drive roughly to the Canary Islands to pick it up.
To those at the end of the line these are thought minor woes. They do, however, make me less than radiantly joyful, since I am not one of your bright loons.
But suppose things equally beyond my control had happened: cancer of the bone marrow; a fire burning down the house and my personal hound in it; a bomb on this blessed city, zub, zub, zub.
I like to think that even then I would figure, well, you gotta go when you gotta go, and not waste undue energy on the matter. I hope there would be time to bellow at the top of my voice a series of truly select cuss words I have never had occasion to use. Life sooner or later affords occasions for them.
A good brisk obscene roar is sometimes the therapy of choice, far better esthetically and morally than the advice of Happy Yappy to get rid of your brain.
The average expert on Getting It Together Right can probably be reduced to a decent heart and a civil tongue if given a fine intolerable itch for 42 days, a therapy (since so much free advice is floating around America nowadays) I not only commend to them but actively pray for. The truth is no man has power and any stray wind can shut him up nicely. If we're too greedy or too weak to help the helpless, we might at least stop telling them to take charge of their lives and be dandy boys like us.

value: The Washington Post (also known as the Post and, informally, WaPo) is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most-widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area, and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia.


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Ecology of Absence: Bell Telephone
SBC is now AT&T. The merger went through today. Eric Seelig of Pointless Website [ link now defunct] asked on the phone, "What exactly are the legal implications of a monopoly that was broken up, re-forming?" I'm scratching my head on that one, too, and none of the SBC AT&T employees I talked with had much to say about it.
One of them did have something to say about the new logo (unveiled today!), though: "It looks like a whiffle ball."
"Like a whiffle ball?" I asked.
"You know the old logo that looked like the Death Star?"
"It looks like that, but like it was drawn by a child. It looks like it was drawn by a child. The letters are all lowercase, and that makes it look even more childish. Nobody likes it. Billion dollar company, and that's the best they can come up with?"
...hm. I wonder when we'll see this brave new design posted atop the massive, gray tower on Pine Street?
by Claire Nowak-Boyd on Monday, November 21, 2005
Hmm, to be honest, I think I do like the new logo better - it makes sense that they'd do it, it's more contemporary-looking, simple, but aesthetically pleasing, a la Apple. I still think that the whole lowercase thing's just a fad, though. Not everyone is e. e. cummings.
And I'm still unsure what the legal implications of this are.
4:12 PM, November 22, 2005


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04 | February | 2009 | Eleventh Stack
February 4, 2009 · 7:00 am
My most recent contribution to the First Floor – New & Featured‘s website is a book list, Share the History – Stories Set in Pittsburgh’s Past. Inspiration for this list of novels came from a book I received as a gift, From These Hills, From These Valleys: Selected Fiction About Western Pennsylvania. In addition to novel excerpts, From These Hills contains a short story by Willa Cather, who wrote six short stories set in Pittsburgh.
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Carl Van Vechten collection
At age 22, Cather moved from Lincoln, Nebraska to Pittsburgh. She arrived in June, 1896. The Carnegie Library and Music Hall had opened one year before. The Pittsburgh Symphony was established a few months before Cather began her ten year residence in the Steel City. She was thrilled to attend Pittsburgh’s theatres, opera, and symphony, and not long after beginning her first Pittsburgh position as assistant editor for Home Journal, Cather was also hired as part-time drama critic for the Pittsburgh Leader.
Collected in various volumes of her work, her Pittsburgh stories shine with local color in the form of recognizable buildings and neighborhoods, and people who share characteristics of her friends and acquaintances — familiar folks, though not stereotypes.
No single volume contains all six stories. Each title below is followed by the collection in which it can be found.
Double Birthday (First published in Forum, February 1929.) Uncle Valentine and Other Stories: Willa Cather’s Uncollected Short Fiction, 1915-1929 Concerning a clandestine bottle of wine from the Judge’s cellar, and the birthday celebration for a nephew and an uncle who share names as well as birthdays. Set in the 1920s, when desirable neighborhoods (as exemplified by the Judge’s house on Squirrel Hill) are located away from the city center, killing the friendly intimacy of older neighborhoods, such as the South Side, where “the Alberts” live uphill from Carson Street.
A Gold Slipper Vintage Cather A Pittsburgh coal baron, who describes himself as a “hard-headed business man,” with his cultured wife attends a concert in which he has no interest .
The Namesake (First published in McClure’s, March 1907.) Willa Cather’s Collected Short Fiction, 1892-1912 Cather explores the question of what makes an artist American. An expatriate sculptor returns to Pennsylvania from Rome to care for his aunt, the sister of his namesake. In learning about his uncle, who died at age sixteen in the Civil War, he claims the meaning of his name, ties to his family, and discovers a passion for national traditions.
Paul’s Case Five Stories, Great Short Works of Willa Cather and Willa Cather’s Collected Short Fiction, 1892-1912 Portrays a sensitive youth at odds with a repressive society, whose enemy is the emotionally and aesthetically bankrupt middle-class world devoted to the gods of money and respectability.
The Professor’s Commencement Willa Cather’s Collected Short Fiction, 1892-1912 (First published in New England Magazine in June 1902.) Set in the lower Hill District. On the day of his retirement, a high school teacher remembers early in his career, when “the desire had come upon him to bring some message of repose and peace to the youth of this work-driven, joyless people, to cry the name of beauty so loud that the roar of the mills could not drown it.”
Uncle Valentine (First published in Woman’s Home Companion, February 1925.) Uncle Valentine and Other Stories: Willa Cather’s Uncollected Short Fiction, 1915-1929 and Great Short Works of Willa Cather. Inspired by Cather’s friendship with the composer Ethelbert Nevin, who she met in Pittsburgh.
Tagged as A Gold Slipper, Double Birthday, julie, Paul’s Case, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh history, The Namesake, The Professor’s Commencement, Willa Cather


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Sandman Signature Toronto Airport Hotel: 2018 Pictures, Reviews, Prices & Deals | Expedia.ca
Map 55 Reading Crt Toronto ON M9W7K7 Canada 1-855-256-2390
Get an overview of this hotelToronto Airport hotel with complimentary shuttle
Complimentary shuttle service is available from the airport to the hotel 24 hours a day. Sandman Signature Toronto Airport Hotel also offers a restaurant, an indoor saltwater pool, and a spa tub.
Car Rental Cernadilla
Flights to Kamloops British Columbia

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Canva for Work il y a 4 ans, 14 933 vues, 1 commentaire
The Ultimate Guide to Fo… il y a 5 ans, 113 941 vues, 167 commentaires

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SOLVED: JVC GR-D33U Doesnt charge - Fixya
SOLVED: JVC GR-D33U...
JVC GR-D33U Doesnt charge
It was working for a good while. I stoped using it for a few months and when I tried turning it on it wouldnt. I try to plug it in and turn it on but that didnt help so I assumed it was because it wasnt charges enough so I left it charging but it doesnt turn on at all. and now it wount even light up at all. Does anyone know.
Posted by LZstars24 on Sep 27, 2008
Re: JVC GR-D33U Doesnt charge
Your battery way have went bad shorted internally.
if this is what happen and you pluged the charger in it may have also shorted out your charger.To know for sure get a good battery and test the camcorder,you may need to get a new or recondition charger.hope this has help jerry
Jvc gr dvl520u - won't turn on or charge
Take out the battery and clean the gold connectors. I had the same problem for months and finally I tried this and it worked perfectly afterward.
Dec 19, 2008 | JVC Everio GZ-MG21 Camcorder

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Fragile Dwelling by Margaret Morton | 9780893819156 | Hardcover | Barnes & Noble
Over a ten-year period, Margaret Morton documented the inventive ways in which homeless people in New York City created not only places to live but also communities that offer a sense of pride, place, and individuality. Morton's camera reveals the ingenuity of the builders who constructed homes out of discarded materials, such as warehouse pallets, junked…
9780893819156
Over a ten-year period, Margaret Morton documented the inventive ways in which homeless people in New York City created not only places to live but also communities that offer a sense of pride, place, and individuality. Morton's camera reveals the ingenuity of the builders who constructed homes out of discarded materials, such as warehouse pallets, junked auto parts, and demolition scrap. Her luminous photographs illustrate the intrinsic social significance of housing, while bringing to light the determination and aesthetic sensibilities of people not commonly thought to possess either. Accompanied by compelling oral histories, the photographs in Fragile Dwelling raise serious questions yet unanswered about social policies that leave no room for self-made alternatives to traditional housing. Margaret Morton, whose previous books include The Tunnel and Transitory Gardens, is Professor of Art at the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City. Read More
Fragile Dwelling is a collection of images, texts and quotations that document these homeless communities. The book visually, more than through written analysis, exposes the displacements to which we have become immune. It also follows the need people have to carve out spaces so that they can create a place to exist.
Using discarded scraps of wood, metal, plastic and any other available materials, formerly homeless New York men and women built improvised housing in the early '90s with care and a need for order, privacy and community. Morton (The Tunnel), a professor of art at the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, befriended some of them and documented their structures. The result is this haunting collection of 90 stark, sharply reproduced b&w photos, with captions by Morton, an introduction by housing critic and scholar Alan Trachtenberg, and commentary from the builders themselves. "If I don't do something here, my mind will die," says Hector A. of his Bushville cabin in the East Village. The homes at Bushville, "The Hill" and other areas, often under bridges or on abandoned piers, are shown with the wreaths and religious icons that often mark their entryways, and the pots, cookstoves, couches, beds and furniture drawn from a city full of discards. Since New York systematically bulldozed all of the camps shown (the last was demolished in 1996), Morton's book is an important testament to the will and ingenuity of their inhabitants. (Nov.) Copyright 2000 Cahners Business Information.
9.93(w) x 11.79(h) x 0.75(d)
Read an Excerpt Prologue In 1989, when this project began, there were more homeless people in New York City than at any time since the Great Depression. The economic, political, and social shifts that precipitated this massive dislocation are complex, but a convergence of events from the previous decade undoubtedly accelerated the crisis. The 1970s marked the onset of a dramatic reduction in manufacturing jobs, particularly in New York City. Many low-skill jobs disappeared, casualties of automated production and the use of cheap labor abroad. Soaring unemployment coincided with a sudden decline in the real estate market. In the wake of the city's 1975 fiscal crisis, stringent revisions to property tax laws were instituted. But the city's plan to increase revenues had an unexpected effect: a significant number of landlords, particularly in the South Bronx and on the Lower East Side, responded with arson or abandonment, leaving some five hundred vacant properties in neighborhoods where low-rent housing was desperately needed. Moreover, throughout the past two decades, tens of thousands of chronically ill patients had been discharged from state mental institutions, many without provision for housing or community-based treatment. People wandering the streets and sleeping in public places soon became visible beyond the confines of the Bowery. By the end of the 1970s, the real estate market began to recover. Rapid gentrification in the city's low-income neighborhoods further reduced the number of affordable apartments and single-room-occupancy (SRO) hotels, inflating the housing market. While theeconomic expansion that continued through the 1980s brought a surge of wealth to the elite of New York, the outlook for the poor became more dismal. Rules governing eligibility for welfare were tightened, above all for single adult men. Those who succeeded in navigating the tangled bureaucracy received public assistance checks that were inadequate in the face of escalating apartment rents. A landmark lawsuit filed against the city in 1981, which was settled as the Callahan consent decree, guaranteed single homeless men the right to shelter. Subsequent litigation extended this right to women and families with children. In 1989 alone, some twenty-five thousand homeless poor sought beds in city shelters each night. Converted armories, such as Fort Washington in Upper Manhattan and the Atlantic Avenue Armory in Brooklyn, slept as many as 1,200 men, billeted on floors once used for military drills. These crowded and dangerous conditions led thousands more to sleep outside: huddled in plastic bags or discarded refrigerator boxes, seeking protection in empty doorways, or finding warmth on top of steam grates. As the situation worsened, a startling phenomenon occurred: homeless people began to improvise housing for themselves. Shantytowns soon became visible in Lower East Side vacant lots, barren since the mid-1970s when landlords had their own buildings torched to collect insurance money. These encampments, unseen on such a scale since the Hoovervilles of the 1930s, also appeared in public parks, under bridges and highway exit ramps, along the rivers, and beneath the streets in subway and railroad tunnels. The largest of these was in Tompkins Square Park in the East Village, where more than two hundred homeless men and women had set up makeshift tents by 1988. On August 6 of that year, a police attempt to impose a midnight curfew erupted into a bloody clash with park residents, visitors, and onlookers. After the homeless people returned, they were swept from the park by police twice more, in July and December 1989. Each time, they made their way back. Then, on June 3, 1991, ignoring a recommendation from the community board, a phalanx of police in riot gear routed the homeless community from the park and closed it for renovation. When the park reopened in August 1992, a curfew was imposed. Over the next six years, homeless New Yorkers continued to be pushed out of their fragile, self-made dwellings by political pressures, police, and bulldozers. Some of these temporary encampments were demolished after only a few weeks. Others survived for several years and gradually evolved into more permanent settlements. Introduction by Alan Trachtenberg For ten years, Margaret Morton has journeyed with her camera into spaces of New York City little imagined, let alone frequented, by most of its residents. With a combination of determined curiosity and tactfulness, she has visited these occluded spaces and made them visible in remarkable pictures of human survival. One wonders how she achieved this feat, how she managed to break through the protective wall with which city dwellers remove themselves from unwanted scenes of wretchedness and disarray. Moreover, this achievement goes beyond the shattering of a wall or the rending of a veil. Morton shows us something beyond a culture of despair, something to wonder at, to admire, even to celebrate, in an act of courage parallel to the courage she perceives. In 1989, Morton observed a settlement of improvised shacks and tents that had mushroomed near her home, a community of "fragile dwellings" pieced together out of every imaginable shred of material at hand for scavengers of the city's bourgeois debris. Here was a kind of vernacular architecture that instantly caught her photographic eye: living examples of bricolage shaped by the most urgent of human needs for shelter, warmth, community, the pleasure of making a place of one's own and calling it home. It's no surprise that the shelters erected without license in a public park were doomed to fall beneath police clubs and city bulldozers, doomed as a public nuisance. Witnessing those makeshift structures so pitilessly scooped into a dumpster marked the onset of her explorations of the underside of the city's multifarious life. Drawn at first to the imaginative forms of the temporary housing erected throughout the city out of simple need, Morton found herself drawn to the people themselves, the city's most abused and allegedly helpless underclass. Recording their stories on tape, she came to define her project as something more than the making of photographs. She became an investigator, probing dark, often dangerous places for disclosures of hidden truths. But there is a great difference between Morton's investigations and those of Jacob Riis and other nineteenth-century charitable reformers, who viewed the inhabitants of slums with distaste and some disdain. Without a hint of condescension, Morton gives us images that tell stories of survival in the face of unimaginable odds. These stories tell of persistence and creativity: dwellings get put together, gardens designed and planted, laundry hung out to dry, breakfast and dinner laid out on whatever makes do as a table. It's a precarious existence of the sort impossible to comprehend without having witnessed it firsthand. And firsthand is clearly what these photographs are. Morton's pictures invert the pathos and aversion usually attached to the word homeless. Not that they flinch from the facts of abject poverty. But the "culture of poverty" in the usual sense of the term is not quite the issue here. It's not simply the result of unemployment or hard luck we see, but something even more affecting: abandonment, reclusiveness, the outcast condition. Perhaps most striking about the photographs is the way they communicate the effects of recognition that the camera itself produces. We see people see themselves seen, acknowledged and respected. Morton invites her subjects to participate in her pictures of them, to arrange themselves and their surroundings as they want to be perceived. And she shows the places they create as environments nested within and pressing against the larger environment of the city, with all its emblems of indifference and abstract power. She allows her subjects the dignity of presenting themselves as artists in their own right, creators of a domestic architecture which, though it may emerge from despair, gives testimony to the possibility of joy and pride even in conditions of utmost deprivation. Look at the images and icons pinned on shabby walls, the touches of elegance in scale and shape. Fragility itself becomes a whole way of life, certainly not idealized, but taken for what it is: making the best of it with what's at hand. And she allows us to see and feel their world as if from the inside. No small feat, this transposition of subject and viewer. And the montage effect of images and voices comprise a phenomenology of living art among the most marginalized of our population. It's with a shock of recognition that we see these people as pioneers of a sort, camping out on the frontier of bottom-rung urban existence. The bleakest of settings become, in Morton's pictures, sites of a kind of "improvement" that comments trenchantly on the shameless claim of real estate values, the "market" that has ruled these lost but undefeated souls out of bounds, beyond the pale of normal existence. Fragile Dwelling crystallizes the paradox at the root of Morton's work: not only the coexistence of wealth and poverty in the world's richest metropolis, but the coexistence of despair and hope in the devices whereby the rejected contrive a life for themselves. We have the paradox of fragility itself: the dangers of hanging on by your fingernails, and the pride of creative survival. We see the hardship, the desperation, but also the will to live. Strangely uplifting and affirming, the pictures give a different look to the solidly planted structures towering with disdain above the "fragile dwellings," the improvised and impermanent homeplaces of the "homeless." The pictures compel us to confront not only their despair of homelessness, but our despair at having these encampments in our midst without comprehending what they mean to the assurances of "normal" life. What truths about our common life are we likely to recognize in Morton's pictures? How do they impinge on our "normalcy"? Can we ever imagine ourselves occupying those spaces, dwelling in those structures, living such vulnerable lives? Pictures and texts work so well together here that they seem one, emanating from and reflecting each other, urging the reader deeper into the imagination of an underground society brutally shoved to the margins of our awareness. Fragile Dwelling also brings home an unrelenting moral predicament. The predicament of the sympathetic viewer is made more severe by the fact that Margaret Morton's pictures neither stereotype nor sentimentalize, idealize or pity. Like their subjects, they take the world as it is. It's an old dilemma we face here: art or reform, beauty or anger, pleasure or discontent. Nightmares of an underground have haunted modern society since the onset of industrialism. Fragile Dwelling presents a familiar ordeal of modernity: shocking inequalities, exclusions, abjection. But no one looking at these pictures with any degree of empathy can fail to be moved by the thought that we have among us, while socially invisible for the most part, creative and worthy persons capable of fashioning a kind of beauty. In their tactfulness, the pictures do not judge; whatever judgments we derive from them become our own, and therefore our society's, responsibility.

value: Barnes & Noble Booksellers is an American bookseller. It is a Fortune 1000 company and the bookseller with the largest number of retail outlets in the United States.


text:
Question Contest Entries-- The questions are in! Still feel free to enter a question whenever you would like! | Emma
Question Contest Entries-- The questions are in! Still feel free to enter a question whenever you would like!
Some Questions are in, and answers have been given. Here are some of the questions that I have recieved:
1. From Miss Alison Her blog: http://fashiondollreview.blogspot.com/
Her Question:How many years does it typically take for an "outdated" fashion to come back in? For example, I'm seeing a lot of 80s styles sort of making themselves seen again. Thats about 20 year. Is that typical?
My Answer: Dear Alison, Thank you for your question. I am certainly going to put this one on my blog. Well, I would say you are right about 20-30 years. Some examples are that in the 70s, 1940s inspiration was shown in the wide leg pants (30 years); also in the 80s, 1950s fashion were a big inspiration EX: the full skirts belted at the waist, were popular in the 50s and came back in the 80s (30 years). Also another possible reason that we are taking inspsiration from the 80s fashion is because the last recession was in the 80s and since were are ina similar time trend-setters may be looking back to the80s and that recession for support or for a new inspiration. What I just said about the recession may be 100% wrong but, I could see how it might me somewhat accurate. Thanks again for your question, I hope this helped to answer your question.
Emma (Madame Couture)
From Miss Phoebe, Her blog: http://vintagemiss.blogspot.com/
Her Question: Dearest Madame Couture, I have my question right here. Do you think vintage will come back in? I have noticed ALOT of vintage in fashion shows. I am a huge vintage fan so it would be great to see vintage come back in.
My Answer: Dear Phoebe, Thanks for your question.I think vintage has already come back in. Just look around you, and you will see vintage. Most people do not wear a whole outfit of vintage but, many vintage pieces can be seen. Common vintage pieces seen in an outfit are: purses, hats, coats, and shoes. I hope this helps to answer your question.
Posted by Emma at 4/10/2009 12:41:00 PM
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text:
These days I have been reading articles
and opinions in the net about the new Windows 8. Why? Because Windows
8 is the starting of the end of the desktop as we know it. Windows 8
is the first step in Microsoft roadmap to unify all the current
platforms (Home computers, tablets and phones) into a single
But using the same interface into so very
different devices means you can only use the lowest common
denominator of all of them, in this case, phones. And this also means
you must use your desktop computer in the same way you use your
The new interface is called Metro. From
my point of view, it is a huge step backwards in computer usability
because all applications run full screen on Metro: no more
“multitasking”: You can't have two or three (or four or twenty)
programs running simultaneously on your screen: You can have only
one at the same time, just like in the Sinclair Spectrum era.
As ham radio operator I can't figure out how to do all my tasks in a single window system: Currently I can decode PSK31 signals while watching Youtube and talking with my friends using Gtalk, while the computer is transcoding a movie from my camera using ffmpeg. As amateur programmer I don't like to
go through a Software Store without any alternatives to distribute my
programs. None of these things can be done with Metro.
So, what is the future for the people
who like and want to use the traditional desktop? Someone said Linux.
Linux... the truth is I have been using
Linux (Debian stable) for almost a decade in servers, but
I don't use Linux regularly as desktop computer since the days at the
university, when fvwm was the standard window manager. I really like
the Unix world, and I enjoyed the powerful of its terminals (My
Windows computer has almost all GNU utilities like bash, grep, awk,
sed, wc, head, tail, strings, less...) so I tried a modern Linux both
in my laptop and in my desktop computer. For familiarity I used
Debian Testing and also Linux Mint.
After almost two months of deep testing
in my laptop and in the desktop, I can say Linux, in the year 2012 is
still not ready for the desktop, and probably it will never be. Sad
but true. This is not a Linux vs Windows war,
neither a fanboy speech. If you feel so, please stop reading and go
elsewhere in the net.
Today both Linux and Windows are rock
solid operative systems. If you have unexpected blue screens of dead
(BSOD) or Kernel panics, take a screwdriver and check for faulty
electrolytic capacitors both in your motherboard and power supply.
From my experience 95% of problems in modern computers are caused by
defective electrolytic capacitors, and the remaining 5% is caused by
This is the kind of solution I would
expect in the 90's, but not in a modern OS in the year 2012. If you
have the “bad luck” of having a nVidia graphics card, the
Again a set of solutions not acceptable
I had also problems using the Fn keys:
Screen brightness worked nicely but not audio volume control. After
spending an entire evening looking in Internet, I gave up. By the
other side, I must say that Linux Mint 12, 13 and 14 detected and
configured properly all these things just out of the box.
One day your are browsing the package's
descriptions using your software manager and you find a program whose
description seems interesting, and you decide to install and try it,
Nice isn't it? The average Joe do not
know how to deal with this, and a quick search in Google will give
him hundreds of ways about how to solve it. It is not uncommon to
play with dpkg / apt-get and specially aptitude and get the whole
Xorg system removed. I must admit I have spent a lot of time fixing
dependencies to solve conflicts like this, and this is unacceptable in
I don't know what will be the future of
desktop users. Windows 8 sales have not been good ,any serious user just hate the new interface. Some people say Microsoft has failed and is declining. Windows 7 end of life is scheduled for year 2020 so there is still time to work with the desktop.
I like the move of Linux Mint with Mate and Cinnamon, I think they are in the right direction, but they have a long way to go, because the base system is still the problematic Linux with all the annoyances I told in this post. Sadly
I don't expect any serious change from the FOSS community so I guess
Linux in ten years will be exactly as it was ten years ago, unless something changes it.
Ricardo - CT2GQVDecember 26, 2012 at 8:25 PMHello Miguel,I agree with you, I use Linux exclusively since 1997 and did run on all the issues you mentioned.If you remove the X server and the window manager from the "equation" then Linux excels in terms of price/quality.ReplyDeleteMiguel A. Vallejo, EA4EOZDecember 26, 2012 at 8:48 PMThat is why Linux rocks in servers: They do not need graphical interface and they are rarely upgraded except for security reasons. But server policies are not applicable at desktops. Desktop computing is a very different beast.ReplyDeletePiotr MalińskiMay 22, 2013 at 12:50 AMYou want something like upcoming 2014 Ubuntu - one desktop system across phone/tablet/PC with one graphics server (MIR).On the other had I do not want to use Unity, Gnome shell or KDE4 and I would not use Linux if such desktop was the only one option. Some sane amount of choice is the essence of Linux and open source. Reinventing the wheel (or doing it because "we have to be the creators") isn't that good and the "new" desktops divided the community and made a lot of new users to XFCE or LXDE :)But still there is a lot of issues modern desktop Linux has. They won't be solved quickly as it seems that desktop / display server reinventing is more important to the key distro and software makers ;)ReplyDeleteRepliesMiguel A. Vallejo, EA4EOZMay 22, 2013 at 12:56 PMI don't thing so. I really *HATE* Unity interface ;-)A desktop have very different needs than a tablet or a phone, so it is impossible to use tablet interfaces in desktop computers. Canonical learned it in the hard way. Microsoft also learned it in the hard way.I know the classic desktop will survive in Linux. My concerns are if Linux will be capable of it. As May 2013, it is not.DeleteReplyRamiro AcevesAugust 3, 2013 at 2:11 PMAs a Linux user from year 2000, I have enyoied very much your post here. I agree with you in all your comments.I think that I use Linux only cause I am a masoquist. The lack of software is for me the most important drawback.I use Debian Stable and recently changed yo the new GNOME desktop. I was completely lost, I spent more than a day trying to figure out how yo do the dame things I did with the old GNOME.I bought a VNWA3 network analyzer that ended working under VMware.too much pain...ReplyDeleteAnonymousDecember 26, 2013 at 3:47 PMI agree to many of the points raised.The one and only real issue that keeps me from using Linux as my main system is:******font renderingI (resp. my eyes) cannot stand how fonts are drawn in X (resulting in headaches, aching eyes, getting tired very fast, constantly trying to refocus etc.)First of all, I need to disable any kind of anti-aliasing (and this means: subpixel rendering, but also (!) includes mere grayscale anti-aliasing).What I then get, however, are jaggy and thin fonts that are hard on my eyes, too - though to a lesser degree than any kind of libfreetype (or whatever is to blame...) font smoothing (with or without subpixel rendering).By contrast, in windows (XP, but also in 7), I avoid any kind of Cleartype rendering (= subpixel rendering).But this does not mean that I avoid antialiasing altogether!!I can easily use the older technique called "standard font smoothing" in Windows (even in windows 7), which is mere grayscale anti-aliasing.As I just mentioned, Linux has that, too - but in contrast to Windows, it is just not sharp enough, a sligh amount of too much blur (and yes, I tried virtually everything - including infinality patches and all kinds of fontconfig settings).So when you write that you disable antialiasing on all systems you use (and you explicitely mentioned Cleartype), are you sure, you disabled *any* kind of antialiasing in Windows, or do you (maybe?) use grayscale antialiasing instead of fully unsmoothed rendering?Anyway, this is the only problem for me with Linux (but it is a show-stopper)!And I do have a long history of experience with Linux (in various forms and shapes).-kli-ReplyDeleteRepliesMiguel A. Vallejo, EA4EOZDecember 26, 2013 at 4:14 PMOn Windows systems, I disable ClearType and font smoothing. This is the only way to get a proper display although with this configuration, some web fonts are broken.In Linux I can get very decent results, if I install Microsoft core fonts, set the system to use them, and disable font smoothing completely (KDE). This works for most applications, but there is still some GTK applications that uses smoothing/Antialiased fonts, which is very annoying... and of course, still broken web fonts.DeleteReplyAdd commentLoad more...


text:
Books, Comics & Magazines > Non-Fiction > The Arts | eBay
Antiques & Collectables (2,789)
Architecture (4,467)
Design & Commercial Art (1,678)
Film, TV & Radio (8,118)
Fine Arts & Art History (6,113)
General & Reference (3,681)
Individual Artists, Monographs (2,737)
Music & Dance (13,858)
Photography (7,491)
Wordery (7,569)
Novel Ideas UK (6,565)
Speedyhen (4,843)
The Monster Bookshop (2,420)
View: Gallery view Customise... 53,090
in The Arts: INGRES BY ROBERT ROSENBLUM 1990 WITH EXHIBITION GUIDES AND POSTCARDS
+ £6.00 postage	Newly listedTHEORIES OF MODERN ART - A SOURCE BOOK BY ARTISTS AND CRITICS Herschel B. Chipp
+ £3.25 postage	The Illustrators - British Art of Illustration 1870-2010
+ £3.50 postage	Newly listedFamous Water Colour Painters W. Russell Flint. The Studio 1928.
Art Nouveau: Der Architekt. Wiener Monatshefte 1906 Schroll, Prague Vienna RARE Time left:
+ £8.50 postage	THE SEARCH FOR THE PICTURESQUE by M. Andrews [Rare]
BARCELONA Manuel Vazquez Montalban 1st hardback 2000 w/sleeve, color photos VG £14.60
Eighteenth Century English Drinking Glasses - Antique Collectors Club H/C
+ £8.50 postage	AUGUSTUS JOHN: DRAWINGS / Lillian Browse (1944)
+ £2.60 postage	In America by Eve Arnold (large hardback 1983 published by Knopf)
+ £6.50 postage	Newly listedBritish Artists 188-1940 by J.Johnson & A.Greutzner.Antique Collector's Club.
+ £6.00 postage	NORMAN PARKINSON - LIFEWORK or LIFE WORK (1986 HB Edition) Very Nice cond.
+ £5.99 postage	Vintage 1927 Punch EDWIN LUTYENS Print Time left:
+ £1.50 postage	BERYL COOK'S LONDON pbk vgc
+ £1.50 postage	Newly listedTHE ARCHITECTURE OF NORMAN ENGLAND by ERIC FERNIE 1ST ED 2000 HARDBACK+D/W
Newly listedImpressionism (The World's Greatest Art), Pickeral, Tamsin, Good Used Book
JOHN MAXWELL by David McClure Scottish Artist VGC hb 1st ed
+ £1.75 postage	TATTOO BOOK HUNDREDS OF TATTOO DESIGN IDEAS BRAND NEW HARD BACK £4.99
+ £2.00 postage	Kenojuak by Jean Blodgett
+ £3.60 postage	Lewisham (Archive Photographs) (Images of London), John Coulter, Barry Olley, Ve
+ £1.59 postage	Bruce McLean original DRAWING 1972 King for Day SIGNED Tate Gallery
+ £3.00 postage	Newly listedDAVID JONES - 1928 - CURWEN PRESS - SIGNED LIMITED EDITION - HAROLD MUNRO
+ £1.20 postage	Romantic Paris: Histories of a Cultural Landscape, 1800-1850, Marrinan, Michael,
+ £1.79 postage	CAMILLE PISSARRO AND HIS FAMILY by Anne Thorold and Kristen Erickson
+ £1.32 postage	QUENTIN CRISP, TOM STOPPARD, IVOR CUTLER, NEIL HORNICK - SIGNED FIRST ED. 1983
+ £1.60 postage	22102 DECO DESIGNS Colouring Book By Mindware Art Pattern Mosiacs Templates
+ £1.00 postage	SLEEPERS: IN SEARCH OF LOST OLD MASTERS by PHILIP MOULD
+ £2.75 postage	Diana the Portrait, Coward, Rosalind, Excellent
Edited, Post WAr Art New York, Very Good
, The Kodak Encyclopedia of Creative Photography (6 titles), Good
SHADOWS: THE DEPICTION OF CAST SHADOWS IN WESTERN ART by E.H.GOMBRICH
+ £1.59 postage	Newly listedImpressionists by the Sea, House, John, Good Used Book
Newly listedElizabeth T. Schoch, Digital Photography (Everything You Need to Know About...),
The Whiley Monitor December 1963 by H. L. Hunter
+ £2.39 postage	WILLIAM McTAGGART 1835-1910 by PER KVAERNE P/BACK 2007 1ST EDIT ILLUST
+ £8.50 postage	Newly listedInterpreting Sargent, Prettejohn, Elizabeth, Good Used Book
Seeds of Change, Neil Wilkin
The Art of Beatrix Potter Linder, Leslie L 1980 Frederick Warne
+ £3.40 postage	Medieval ILLUMINATED Manuscripts, CZECHOSLOVAKIAN Miniatures, BOHEMIA
+ £1.75 postage	1975 - PRINTING ON STAMPS - FIRST ISSUE OF GRAPHICS PHILATELY - 2 ITEMS
+ £1.20 postage	The Best of H.M. Bateman The Tatler Cartoons, 1922-26 Bateman, H M
+ £2.80 postage	Newly listedWitnesses of Time, Garduno, Flor, poor copy
+ £1.79 postage	Samplers by Carol Humphrey (Fitzwilliam Museum Handbook) 2004, C.U.P. - VGC
+ £1.60 postage	Newly listedMademoiselle - Coco Chanel / Summer 62, Douglas Kirkland, Karl Lagerfeld, Used-g
+ £1.27 postage	Newly listedFrank Frazetta Book Two. Peacock Press/Bantam Books 1986.
HISTORY & TECHNIQUES OF THE GREAT MASTERS - BRUEGEL
ART NOUVEAU,Sculpture, PAINTING, Textiles, CERAMICS, Metalwork, GLASS, DESIGNERS
Newly listedThe Ganzfeld 4: Art History?, ,
MEET MATISSE,HARDBACK BOOK IN FAIR CONDITION

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text:
New Beginings: Friends New Beginings
Friends Finally I had gotten friends. Finally I was not bored. Graduation, however, is going to ruin that. Many of my friends are seniors and once next week is over, I will never see them again. That means the people I hangout with before school, during school, at lunch, and on the weekends will no longer be there. Yes, I have friends who are not seniors, however, it is still difficult. To stop myself from being lonely, I am now walking around school during lunch and talking with my younger friends. Those friends, however, have their own friend groups. I know they do not mind me joining them but I still do not want to intrude on them. Many of them have told me not to worry and stop being awkward. I try but I honestly am struggling with not being awkward in front of them. They tell me to just join in on the conversation, but half the time I do not even know what they are talking about! Thankfully we only have two more weeks of school. I will try to fit in with this first group by the end of this week. If not, I will go with another friend to his friend group the next week.
I am lucky, however, that all my friends are understanding and are helping me with my social problems. So if any of you are reading this, THANK YOU! Now, my word of advice for today is to make friends in every grade. Do not just make friends with seniors, because once they graduate you will be lonely. Also, during the year make multiple friends and hangout with multiple friend groups. Having multiple friend groups may be an advantage later on in the year. Posted by
Katharine HMay 21, 2015 at 2:27 PMI'm always there for you if you feel awkward or lonely. Walking to Meyers with you has been fun this year, can't wait to see what other classes we have together next year!ReplyDeleteKatharine HMay 21, 2015 at 2:27 PMI'm always there for you if you feel awkward or lonely. Walking to Meyers with you has been fun this year, can't wait to see what other classes we have together next year!ReplyDeleteAdd commentLoad more...