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Patent US6882817 - Image forming method and apparatus including an easy-to-handle large ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsAn image forming apparatus and associated method is provided and includes a development mechanism, a toner storage, and a toner transportation mechanism. The development mechanism develops an electrostatic latent image formed on an image carrying member into a visual image. The toner storage is detachably...http://www.google.com/patents/US6882817?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6882817 - Image forming method and apparatus including an easy-to-handle large capacity toner containerAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6882817 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/412,390Publication dateApr 19, 2005Filing dateApr 14, 2003Priority dateApr 12, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN1253762C, CN1452023A, US20030215267Publication number10412390, 412390, US 6882817 B2, US 6882817B2, US-B2-6882817, US6882817 B2, US6882817B2InventorsEmi KitaOriginal AssigneeRicoh Company, Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (38), Classifications (5), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetImage forming method and apparatus including an easy-to-handle large capacity toner containerUS 6882817 B2Abstract An image forming apparatus and associated method is provided and includes a development mechanism, a toner storage, and a toner transportation mechanism. The development mechanism develops an electrostatic latent image formed on an image carrying member into a visual image. The toner storage is detachably installed in the apparatus and stores toner. The toner transportation mechanism transports the toner from the toner storage to the development mechanism. The toner storage is movable together with a part of the toner transportation mechanism between a closed position which is a normal position of the toner storage containing toner and a tilt position at which the toner storage is exchanged with a new toner storage.
a development mechanism configured to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on an image carrying member into a visual image; a toner storage detachably installed in the apparatus and configured to store toner therein; and a toner transportation mechanism configured to transport the toner from the toner storage to the development mechanism, the toner transportation mechanism including a tube device connected to the toner storage for transporting the toner, the tube device comprising a plurality of tube sections. wherein the toner storage is movable together with at least one of the plurality of tube sections between a normal position in which the toner storage containing toner is stowed inside the apparatus and an exchange position in which the toner storage is moved at least partially out of the apparatus for exchange with a new toner storage. 2. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the plurality of tube sections includes a flexible tube.
3. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the toner transportation mechanism includes a screw pump including an elastic stator internally having spiral grooves in a two-screw shape and a rotor rotating inside the stator to transport the toner in an axis direction, and the toner is transported to the development mechanism by an action of a negative pressure generated by the screw pump.
4. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the toner storage is movable between the normal position and the exchange position by a rotational movement.
5. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the toner storage comprises a rotation shaft positioned to pivot the toner storage between the normal position and exchange position, and the flexible tube is arranged in close proximity to the rotation shaft of the toner storage.
6. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the toner storage comprises a rotation shaft positioned to pivot the toner storage between the normal position and exchange position, and the plurality of tube sections includes at least two tube sections joined with a connector positioned in close proximity to the rotation shaft of the toner storage.
7. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein the at least two tube sections of the plurality of tube sections include at least one tube section comprising a flexible material.
developing means for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image carrying member into a visual image; storing means for storing toner; and a toner transporting mechanism configured to transport the toner from the storing means to the developing means, the toner transporting mechanism including a tube device connected to the storing means for transporting the toner, the tube device comprising a plurality of tube sections. wherein the storing means is movable together with at least one of the plurality of tube sections between a normal position in which the storing means containing toner is stowed inside the apparatus and an exchange position in which the storing means is moved at least partially out of the apparatus for exchange with a new storing means. 9. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein the plurality of tube sections includes a flexible tube.
10. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein the toner transporting mechanism includes a screw pump including an elastic stator internally having spiral grooves in a two-screw shape and a rotor rotating inside the stator to transport the toner in an axis direction, and the toner is transported to the developing means by an action of a negative pressure generated by the screw pump.
11. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein the storing means is movable between the normal position and the exchange position by a rotational movement.
12. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 9, further comprising a rotation shaft positioned to pivot the storing means between the normal position and exchange position, wherein the flexible tube is arranged in close proximity to the rotation shaft.
13. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 8, further comprising a rotation shaft positioned to pivot the storing means between the normal position and exchange position, wherein the plurality of tube sections includes at least two tube sections joined with a connector positioned in close proximity to the rotation shaft.
14. The image forming apparatus as defined in claim 13, wherein the at least two tube sections of the plurality of tube sections include at least one tube section comprising a flexible material.
15. An image forming method, comprising the steps of:
providing a toner transportation mechanism configured to transport toner from a detachable toner storage to a development mechanism, the toner transportation mechanism including a tube device connected to the detachable toner storage for transporting the toner, the tube device comprising a plurality of tube sections; and transporting the toner with the toner transportation mechanism from the detachable toner storage to the development mechanism, wherein the detachable toner storage is movable together with at least one of the plurality of tube sections between a normal position in which the detachable toner storage containing toner is stowed inside the apparatus and an exchange position in which the detachable toner storage is moved at least partially out of the apparatus for exchange with a new detachable toner storage. 16. The image forming method as defined in claim 15, wherein the plurality of tube sections includes a flexible tube.
17. The image forming method as defined in claim 15, wherein the toner transportation mechanism includes a screw pump including an elastic stator internally having spiral grooves in a two-screw shape and a rotor rotating inside the stator to transport the toner in an axis direction, and the toner is transported to the development mechanism by an action of a negative pressure generated by the screw pump.
18. The image forming method as defined in claim 15, wherein the detachable toner storage is movable between the normal position and the exchange position by a rotational movement.
19. The image forming method as defined in claim 16, wherein the detachable toner storage comprises a rotation shaft positioned to pivot the toner storage between the normal position and exchange position, and the flexible tube is arranged in close proximity to the rotation shaft of the detachable toner storage.
20. The image forming method as defined in claim 15, wherein the detachable toner storage comprises a rotation shaft positioned to pivot the toner storage between the normal position and exchange position, and the plurality of tube sections includes at least two tube sections joined with a connector positioned in close proximity to the rotation shaft of the detachable toner storage.
21. The image forming method as defined in claim 20, wherein the at least two tube sections of the plurality of tube sections include at least one tube section comprising a flexible material.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an image forming method and apparatus, and more particularly to an image forming method and apparatus which includes an easy-to-handle large capacity toner container.
Conventionally, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus uses a development mechanism which develops an electrostatic latent image formed on an image carrying member into a visual image. In particular, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus using a two-component developer for the development mechanism adopts a specific structure in which a toner storage such as a toner bottle, a toner cartridge, a toner tank, and the like is arranged close to the development mechanism and toner is transported with a transportation mechanism such as an auger.
In addition, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus provided with a color capability as a recent trend has four development mechanisms with four toner storages for colors of yellow, magenta, cyan, and black.
It is a general requirement for such an image forming apparatus to have a compact size without sacrificing a capacity of the toner storage. However, the toner storage is needed to be arranged close to the development mechanism in an engine of the image forming apparatus and therefore the reduction in size of the engine is constrained. Accordingly, flexibility of a machine design itself is interfered.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication, No. 2001-305843, describes an image forming apparatus which has a toner storage arranged in a separate unit from a development mechanism since the toner contained in the toner storage is transported to the development mechanism with a screw pump called a mohno-pump.
Generally, an image forming apparatuses capable of performing functions of copying, printing, and facsimile, for example, has a relatively large machine size and, in such an apparatus, a dead space (i.e., unutilized space) may often be found underneath an operation panel thereof. If a toner storage is placed in this dead space, a large amount of toner can be stocked in the apparatus without the needs of further enlarging the machine size. However, since the top of this dead space is covered by the operation panel, an exchange of the toner storage is not easily performed.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel image forming apparatus which can store a large capacity of toner without sacrificing exchangeability of a toner storage.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel image forming method which can store a large capacity of toner without sacrificing exchangeability of a toner storage.
To achieve the above-mentioned object, in one example, a novel image forming apparatus includes a development mechanism, a toner storage, and a toner transportation mechanism. The development mechanism is configured to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on an image carrying member into a visual image. The toner storage is detachably installed in the apparatus and is configured to store toner therein. The toner transportation mechanism is configured to transport the toner from the toner storage to the development mechanism. In this apparatus, the toner storage is movable together with at least a part of the toner transportation mechanism between a closed position which is a normal position of the toner storage containing toner and a tilt position at which the toner storage is exchanged with a new toner storage.
The toner transportation mechanism may include a flexible tube for transporting the toner from the toner storage to the development mechanism.
The toner transportation mechanism may include a screw pump including an elastic stator internally having spiral grooves in a two-screw shape and a rotor rotating inside the stator to transport the toner in an axis direction, and the toner is transported to the development mechanism by an action of a negative pressure generated by the screw pump.
The toner storage may be movable between the closed position and the tilt position by a rotational movement.
The flexible tube may be arranged near a rotation shaft of the toner storage.
The flexible tube may include at least two tube portions joined with a connector arranged near the rotation shaft of the toner storage.
At least one of the above-mentioned at least two tube portions included in the flexible tube may be made of a material different from materials of the others.
To achieve the above-mentioned object, in one example, a novel image forming method includes the steps of providing, setting, storing, and transporting. The providing step provides a development mechanism developing an electrostatic latent image into a visual image with toner. The setting step sets a toner transportation mechanism. The storing step stores toner in a detachable toner storage. The transporting step transports the toner with the toner transportation mechanism from the detachable toner storage to the development mechanism. In this method, the detachable toner storage is movable together with at least a part of the toner transportation mechanism between a closed position which is a normal position of the detachable toner storage containing toner and a tilt position at which the detachable toner storage is exchanged with a new detachable toner storage.
The toner transportation mechanism may include a flexible tube for transporting the toner from the detachable toner storage to the development mechanism.
The detachable toner storage may be movable between the closed position and the tilt position by a rotational movement.
The flexible tube may be arranged near a rotation shaft of the detachable toner storage.
The flexible tube may include at least two tube portions joined with a connector arranged near the rotation shaft of the detachable toner storage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS A more complete appreciation of the disclosure and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a color copying apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a major portion of a color copying engine included in the color copying apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a part of the major portion of the color copying engine shown in FIG. 2 with an enlargement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a toner replenishing mechanism included in the color copying apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a toner replenishing mechanism including a powder pump and a sub-hopper;
FIG. 6 is a top view of an upper chamber of the sub-hopper;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a lower chamber of the sub-hopper;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for showing a tilt position of an enclosure for toner containers in association with the toner replenishing mechanism;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a jointed toner transportation tube for the toner replenishing mechanism; and
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary structure of the enclosure for the toner containers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In describing the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity. However, the disclosure of this patent specification is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several views, particularly to FIG. 1, a color copying apparatus 1 is explained, which is one example of a color image forming apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The color copying apparatus 1 forms an image using an electrophotographic method and, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a color copying engine 100 at the middle, a sheet supply station 200 at the bottom, and an image scanner 300 at the top of the color copying apparatus 1 with an automatic document feeder (ADF) 400 on top. In addition, the color copying apparatus 1 is also provided with an operation panel 120 in front of and in an integrated form with the image scanner 300. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the above components may be located at alternative positions within the apparatus in addition to those mentioned above.
The color copying engine 100 is provided with a tandem mechanism 10 including four image forming units 11 arranged horizontally for black (Bk), cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) colors. Each of the four image forming units 11 includes a photosensitive drum 12 which serves as a primary image carrying member for carrying a latent image formed thereon. Around the photosensitive drum 12, various requisite mechanisms for the electrophotographic process, as explained herein.
Below the tandem mechanism 10, an intermediate transfer belt 13 is extended under a predetermined tension among a plurality of rollers 14, 15, and 16, and is arranged to contact the four photosensitive drums 11. The intermediate transfer belt 13 includes a flexible endless belt and serves as a secondary image carrying member for carrying a toner image. One of the rollers 14, 15, and 16 is driven to rotate the intermediate transfer belt 13 clockwise, as indicated by an arrow. Other rollers which are not directly driven follow the rotation.
The color copying engine 100 is further provided with four primary image transfer units 17 which contact an inside surface of the intermediate transfer belt 13 at positions to face the respective photosensitive drums 12 via the intermediate transfer belt 13. Reference numeral 18 denotes a cleaning unit for removing unused toner particles from the intermediate transfer belt 13.
Above the tandem mechanism 10, an exposure unit 19 for sequentially irradiating each of the photosensitive drums 11 with an optically-modulated laser beam is provided. The exposure is performed at an area after a charging process and before a development process. Instead of the single exposure unit 19, four separate exposure units may be provided to be used on a one-to-one basis relative to each of the photosensitive drums 11. In the exemplary embodiment, the single exposure unit 19 is utilized to decrease cost.
Underneath the intermediate transfer belt 13, a secondary image transfer unit 22 is provided. The secondary image transfer unit 22 includes a secondary image transfer belt 24 which is an endless belt and is extended between two rollers 23. The secondary image transfer unit 22 is arranged such that a portion of the secondary image transfer belt 24 close to one of the rollers 23 presses the intermediate transfer belt 13 against the roller 16. Near the other one of the rollers 23 and below the roller 15, a fixing unit 25 for fixing a toner image carried by and on a recording sheet is provided.
The secondary image transfer unit 22 further includes a sheet transport mechanism for transporting a recording sheet carrying a toner image thereon to the fixing unit 25. As an alternative to the secondary image transfer unit 22, a non-contact charging unit may be used. With such a non-contact charging unit, a mechanism for transporting a recording sheet carrying a toner image thereon to the fixing unit 25 may be installed separately.
The color copying engine 100 is further provided with a pair of sheet ejection rollers 26 for ejecting a recording sheet carrying a toner image fixed thereon and an output tray 27 for storing recording sheets output from the color copying engine 100.
The color copying engine 100 is further provided with a sheet flipping unit 28 for flipping a recording sheet having a front surface already printed so as to print an image on a back side of the recording sheet in a dual surface copying mode. The sheet flipping unit 28 is arranged under the secondary image transfer unit 22 and the fixing unit 25.
When a color copying is performed with the color copying apparatus 100, a set of originals are placed in a face-up orientation on an original input stacker 30 of the ADF 400. Alternatively, the set of originals can manually be placed sheet by sheet directly on a contact glass 31 of the image scanner 300. To do this, the ADF 400 is lifted up since it has a shell-like openable structure and, after the placement of the original, the ADF 400 is lowered to a closing position.
Then, upon a depress of a start switch (not shown), when the set of originals are placed on the ADF 400, an uppermost original of the set of originals is separated and is transported with a sheet transportation mechanism 32 of the ADF 400 to the contact glass 31 of the image scanner 300 and, subsequently, the image scanner 300 is activated. That is, first and second moving units 33 and 34 of the image scanner 300 slide in a predetermined direction. When the original is manually set on the contact glass 31, the image scanner 300 is immediately activated upon the depress of the start switch. The first moving unit 33 that carries a light source and a mirror (both not shown) causes a light irradiation to move and reflects the light reflected by the original on the contact glass 31. The second moving unit 34 carrying mirrors (not shown) receives the light reflected by the mirror of the first moving unit 33 and reflects the light to a read sensor 35 via an image forming lens 36.
Also, upon the depress of the start switch, the image forming units 11 are activated to form mono-color images in black, yellow, magenta, and cyan on the respective photosensitive drums 12 in the tandem mechanism 10. At the same time, the intermediate transfer belt 13 starts to rotate and sequentially receives the mono-color images at a same position thereof, thereby forming a composite color image.
Further, upon the depress of the start switch, one of sheet supply rollers 42 of the sheet supply station 200 is started to rotate so that a blank recording sheet is moved to a separation roller 45 in a corresponding sheet stocker 44 among a plurality of sheet stockers 44 provided to a sheet bank 43. The separation roller 45 separates the recording sheet from the following sheets and transfers it to a transportation passage 46. Then, the recording sheet is moved to a transportation passage 48 provided to the color copying engine 100 by a plurality of transportation rollers 47. The recording sheet is then stopped by a pair of registration rollers 49.
When a manual insertion is used, a transportation roller 50 is rotated to move a set of recording sheets placed on a manual insertion tray 51 to a pair of separation rollers 52. Then, the pair of separation rollers 52 separate an uppermost recording sheet from the rest of the recording sheets and transfers it to the pair of registration rollers 49 through a transportation passage 53.
After that, the pair of registration rollers 49 are started to rotate in synchronism with the movement of the composite color image carried on the intermediate transfer belt 13 and consequently the recording sheet which is blank is inserted between the intermediate transfer belt 13 and the secondary image transfer unit 22. The composite color image is transferred at one time from the intermediate transfer belt 13 onto the recording sheet by the action of the secondary image transfer unit 22.
After the image transfer, the secondary image transfer unit 22 transports the recording sheet having the composite color image to the fixing unit 25 which then fixes the color image to the recording sheet with heat and pressure. Then, the recording sheet passes through an ejection passage selected by a switch pawl 55 and is ejected to the output tray 27 by the pair of sheet ejection rollers 26. As an alternative, the recording sheet may be headed to the sheet flipping unit 28 by selecting a transportation passage for the dual surface copying mode with the switch pawl 55. In this case, the recording sheet is flipped by the sheet flipping unit 28 and is then transported again to the pair of registration rollers 49 in a face-down orientation. Then, the recording sheet is caused again to pass through the passage between the intermediate transfer belt 13 and the secondary image transfer unit 25 to receive a composite color image on the back surface thereof. After that, the recording sheet with the front and back sides printed passes through the ejection passage selected by the switch pawl 55 and is ejected to the output tray 27 by the pair of sheet ejection rollers 26.
After the image transfer, the intermediate transfer belt 13 further moves to undergo a cleaning of unused toner particles by the cleaning unit 18 and to become ready for a next image transfer process.
FIG. 2 shows a major portion of the color copying engine 100 in the color copying apparatus 1. As indicated in FIG. 2, in the tandem mechanism 10, the four image forming units 11 for the colors of Y, M, C, and Bk are arranged in this order in the exemplary embodiment from an upstream side to a downstream side in a moving direction of the intermediate transfer belt 13 in a horizontal area between the rollers 14 and 15 where the four image forming units 11 contact the intermediate transfer belt 13. With this order, a �first copy time� of a copying operation in black can be shortened by a time period corresponding to a length from the most upstream photosensitive drum 12 for the color Y to the most downstream photosensitive drum 12 for the color Bk.
FIG. 3 enlarges the image forming units 11 for the colors of C and Bk, for example, as a portion of the tandem mechanism 10. As shown in FIG. 3, in the image forming unit 11 for the color of C, for example, the photosensitive drum 12 is surrounded by a charging unit 56, a development unit 60, the secondary image transfer unit 17, a cleaning unit 58C, and a discharging unit 59. A laser light beam L runs to the photosensitive drum 12 between the charging unit 56 and the development unit 60.
FIG. 4 shows a toner replenishing mechanism for replenishing the development unit 60 of the image forming unit 11 with toner. In FIG. 4, a toner container 80 contains toner which is transferred to the development unit 60. This toner container 80 is enclosed by an enclosure 110 (see FIG. 8) of the color copying engine 100. The enclosure 110 is provided with a nozzle 90 which is inserted into the toner container 80. When the toner container 80 is exchanged and a new one is inserted downwardly into the enclosure 110, the nozzle 90 is inserted upwardly into the new toner container 80. The nozzle 90 has a tubular structure and is provided with an upper end 91 in a cone-like shape having a pointed top. The upper end 91 is integrated with the nozzle 90 or is adhered to the nozzle 90. The nozzle 90 is provided with an opening 92 for exchanging air and taking in the toner at a position below the upper end 91. The nozzle 90 includes a passage 93 connected to the opening 92 and which is provided with a connection end 94 for connecting a toner transportation tube 85 for transporting toner therethrough. The passage 93 is also provided with an air inlet 95 at a position above the connection end 94.
In this embodiment, an air pump 96 is connected to the air inlet 95 with an air transportation pipe 97. When the air pump 96 is in operation, it discharges the air in a confined jet to inside the toner container 80 from the bottom via the air transportation pipe 97 and the passage 93. The jet air entered inside the toner container 80 agitates the toner and fluidizes the toner in the toner container 80.
The toner container 80 includes an external case 81 serving as a protection cover and a toner sack 82 stored inside the external case 81. The toner sack 82 is flexible and exchangeable. The external case 81 is made of a rigid paper material such as a corrugated cardboard or a plastic material, for example, and has an internal space for storing the toner sack 82. The thus-structured toner container 80 is an easy-to-handle container since the flexible toner sack 82 is protected from an external impact with the external case 81.
The toner sack 82 is made of at least one flexible sheet material such as a polyester film, a polyethylene film, or the like having a thickness of the order of from about 80 μm to 125 μm. The toner sack 82 has an opening with a ring-shaped portion 83 at a bottom center thereof for discharging the toner. The ring-shaped portion 83 is made of plastic such as polyethylene, nylon, or the like. The opening with the ring-shaped portion 83 is provided with a seal 84 serving as a self-closing valve. The seal 84 includes at least one layer of seal and is made of an elastic material including a sponge foam or the like. The toner sack 82 has a tapered width decreasing as close to the opening with the ring-shaped portion 83 so that the toner cannot remain inside the toner sack 82.
With the thus-structured toner container 80, when the toner container 80 is inserted downwardly into the enclosure 110, the nozzle 90 is inserted upwardly into the toner container 80.
A mechanical shutter may be provided to the toner container 80 to automatically close the opening with the ring-shaped portion of the toner sack 82 when the toner sack 82 is removed from the toner container 80.
As shown in FIG. 4, the development unit 60 is provided with a sub-hopper 61 on the top thereof. The toner discharged from the toner container 80 is temporarily stored in the sub-hopper 61. The sub-hopper 61 is provided with a powder pump 70 on the top thereof. The powder pump 70 transports the toner discharged from the toner container 80 to the sub-hopper 61. The powder pump 70 is a pump having a single eccentric screw. The powder pump 70 includes a rotor 71, a stator 72, and a holder 73. The rotor 71 is made of rigid metal and formed in an eccentric screw shape. The stator 72 is made of elastic material such as a rubber and internally has spiral grooves in a two-screw shape. The holder 73 stores the rotor 71 and the stator 72, and is made of the plastic material same as that used for the passage for transporting the toner. The rotor 71 is stored inside the stator 72 and is connected with a driving gear 74 using a pin connector so that the rotor 71 can be driven for rotation by the driving gear 74 and, as a result, the toner inside the stator 72 is transported to the sub-hopper 61 by an action of a negative pressure generated by the rotation of the rotor 71 in the powder pump 70. A gear 75 (see FIG. 5) integrally formed with the driving gear 74 is connected with a first clutch 76 via an idle gear (not shown). By switching the first clutch 76 between connection and disconnection, the operation of the powder pump 70 is controlled. The first clutch 76 and a second clutch 68 (later explained) are provided to a rotation driving shaft 79, as shown in FIG. 5, which is driven by a driving mechanism (not shown).
The holder 73 includes a toner sucking portion 77 at an end thereof, a right end of the holder 73 in FIG. 4, to which the above-mentioned toner transportation tube 85 is connected. The toner transportation tube 85 preferably is a flexible tube having a diameter of from about 4 mm to 10 mm, for example, and is made of a rubber material having a superior anti-toner characteristic, such as polyurethane, nitrile, EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene-methylene), silicon, or the like. Such toner transportation tube 85 can be bent easily and arbitrarily in any direction.
When the toner discharging portion of the toner container 80 is positioned lower than a toner receiving portion of the sub-hopper 61 in the vertical direction, the toner can smoothly be transported from the toner container by using the above-mentioned powder pump 70.
The sub-hopper 61 is divided into an upper chamber 62 and a lower chamber 63. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, where FIG. 6 is a top view of the upper chamber 62 and FIG. 7 is a top view of the lower chamber 63, the upper chamber 62 has a larger floor area than the lower chamber 63 and is provided with a pair of upper screws 64 and 65 and a partition 66 having two cut ends, left and right cut ends in FIG. 6, where the partition 66 is positioned between the pair of upper screws 64 and 65 and the two cut ends are shorter than an internal width of the upper chamber 62. In FIG. 6, a position A in the upper chamber 62 indicated by a circular mark with a partly-dotted line is a position to which the toner transported by the powder pump 70 is supplied. The toner supplied at the position A is transported within the upper chamber 62 in a direction P1 by the rotations of the upper screws 64 and 65. An opening B in the upper chamber 62 indicated by a square mark with a solid line is an opening connecting inside spaces of the upper chamber 62 and the lower chamber 63. That is, the toner moved along in the direction P1 by the upper screws 64 and 65 is transferred to a region around the connecting opening B and drops down to an inside floor of the lower chamber 63 by its weight through the opening B.
As shown in FIG. 7, the lower chamber 63 is provided with a lower screw 66. A position B′ in the lower chamber 63 indicated by a square mark with a solid line is a position to which the toner falls from the upper chamber 62. The toner received at the position B′ is transported within the lower chamber 63 in a direction P2 by the rotation of the lower screw 66. An opening C in the lower chamber 63 indicated by a square mark with a solid line is a toner replenishing opening connecting inside spaces of the lower chamber 63 and the development unit 60. That is, the toner moved along in the direction P2 by the lower screw 66 is transferred to a region around the opening C and drops down to an inside floor of the lower chamber 63 by its weight through the opening C.
The sub-hopper 61 is thus structured so that the toner transported by the powder pump 70 is temporarily stored and is transferred to the development unit 60 by the upper screws 64 and 65 and the lower screw 66. That is, these upper screws 64 and 65 and the lower screw 66 serve as a toner transportation mechanism in the sub-hopper 61. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the upper screws 64 and 65 and the lower screw 66 are provided with gears 64 a, 65 a, and 66 a, respectively, which are connected via a group of idle gears 67 with a second clutch 68 provided to the driving shaft 79 so that the operations of the upper screws 64 and 65 and the lower screw 66 are controlled by the second clutch 68 which turns on and off.
Further, the sub-hopper 61 is provided with a toner sensor 69 for detecting the toner in the upper chamber 62 when an amount of toner exceeds a predetermined value. The toner sensor 69 is located at a position on a wall near the position A of the upper chamber 62. The toner sensor 69 is a vibration type sensor having a detection surface 69 a, as shown in FIG. 6, for detecting the toner in the upper chamber 62 when an amount of toner exceeds the predetermined value.
The thus-structured toner replenishing mechanism starts its operation upon a receipt of an instruction signal for replenishing the toner to the development unit 60 from a toner density sensor (not shown), for example. In the toner replenishing operation, the second clutch 68 is turned on to drive the upper screws 64 and 65 and the lower screw 66 so as to supply the toner to the development unit 60 by an amount according to a length of time that the screws are driven. At the same time, the toner sensor 69 monitors the toner amount in the sub-hopper 61. Upon a detection by the toner sensor 69 that the toner amount decreases under a predetermined amount, the powder pump 70 is activated to transport the toner of the toner container 80 to the sub-hopper 61. This process can be performed without the needs of a high accuracy in controlling the amount of the toner replenishment to the sup-hopper 61. Accordingly, the amount of toner to be transported by the powder pump 70 is determined to be greater than an amount of toner to be transferred from the sub-hopper 61 to the development unit 60 by the upper and lower screws.
In addition, if the toner amount detected by the toner sensor 69 maintains under the predetermined amount even with plural times of the toner replenishing operation by the powder pump 70, the toner container 80 is judged as nearly empty, which is referred to as a toner near-end status. When the toner near-end status is detected, a caution for an exchange of the toner container 80 is displayed on an indication member (not shown), for example, of the operation panel 120. When the toner container 80 is not exchanged despite the above-mentioned display of the caution, the image forming operation is prohibited after the execution of the image forming operation a predetermined number of times.
Since the color copying apparatus 1 uses the powder pump 70 to replenish the development unit 60 with the toner of the toner container 80, the placement of the enclosure 110 for the toner container 80 is highly flexible. The enclosure 110, however, is not preferably placed at a lower part of the color copying engine 100 since a user may need to bow in exchanging the toner container 80. A top and front part of the color copying engine 100 is a preferable part for the enclosure 110 to be placed. In addition, if the toner container 80 has an insufficient toner capacity, a frequent exchange of the toner container 80 may be required and therefore the toner container 80 preferably has a sufficient capacity of toner.
FIG. 8 shows the enclosure 110 for the toner container 80 which is placed at a position satisfying the above-mentioned requirements. In the exemplary embodiment, the position is located in an upper front part of the color copying engine 100 and underneath the operation panel 120. At this position, however, the insertion of the toner container into the enclosure 110 is obstructed by the operation panel 120.
In the color copying apparatus 1, the toner container 80 is configured to tilt away from the color copying engine 100, as shown in FIG. 8, so that the toner container 80 can be removed, in a direction of arrow P3, and inserted into the enclosure 110 with being obstructed by the operation panel 120. More specifically, behind the enclosure 110, there is provided a housing plate 130 which encloses a unit of the image forming mechanism including the development unit 60 and the toner replenishing mechanism including the powder pump 70. The enclosure 110 includes a holder 121 for holding the toner container 80. At a lower part of the holder 121, the nozzle 90 is mounted vertically. The holder 121 is held on the housing plate 130 for rotation about a rotation shaft 131, as shown in FIG. 8, so that the enclosure 110 can be moved to a closed position at which the enclosure 110 is fit underneath the operation panel 120, where the toner container 80 and associated components are illustrated with dotted lines, and a tilt position at which the toner container 80 can be exchanged without being obstructed by the operation panel 120, where the toner container 80 and the holder 121 are illustrated with two-dotted-chain lines. The rotation shaft 131 is provided to a position close to the housing plate 130 and in a lower part of the toner container 80.
In addition, the enclosure 110 is provided with a stopper (not shown) for engaging the enclosure 110 at the closed position and a release button 111 for releasing the engagement of the enclosure 110 at the closed position by the stopper. When the release button 111 is depressed relative to the enclosure 110 staying at the close position, the stopper is released and the enclosure 110 is tilted towards the tilt position by its own weight. Then, the enclosure 110 settles at the tilt position. After an exchange of the toner container 80, the enclosure 110 can be lifted by manually to the closed position. When the enclosure 110 comes to the closed position, the stopper automatically engages the enclosure 110 at the closed position. The stopper may include a tapered pawl with spring effect for allowing the enclosure 110 to move from the tilt position to the closed position.
Since the enclosure 110 is opposed to the powder pump 70 and the sub-hopper 61 relative to the housing plate 130, the toner transportation tube 85 has a sufficient length to be flexibly bent and is arranged to pass through a hole (not shown) provided to the housing plate 130 so as to connect the nozzle 90 with the powder pump 70. When the enclosure 110 moves between the close position and the tilt position, the toner transportation tube 85 follows the movement as it is flexible. Therefore, the toner transportation tube 85 may not cause a problem such as a breakage, a pull-out, and so forth. If the toner transportation tube 85 is excessively long, however, it may be caught by other components causing damage during an assembly of the mechanism or exchanging the toner container 80. Therefore, it is preferable to arrange the hole of the housing plate 130 for allowing the toner transportation tube 85 to pass through at a position close to the rotation shaft 131 so that the movement of the toner transportation tube 85 is minimal.
When the toner transportation tube 85 is made of a single tube, it may be damaged by rubbing between an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface. To avoid this problem, it is preferable that the toner transportation tube 85 is made of plural tubes, as shown in FIG. 9. That is, a connection pipe 132 is provided to the hole of the housing plate 130, and first and second tubes 85 a and 85 b are provided. The first tube 85 a connects between the nozzle 90 and the connection pipe 132, and the second tube 85 b connects between the connection pipe 132 and the powder pump 70. In this case, the first tube 85 a is caused to move as the enclosure 110 is moved but the second tube 85 b is not caused to move since the powder pump 70 is not moved. Therefore, the first tube 85 a is preferably made of a flexible material to follow the movement of the enclosure 110 and the second tube 85 b is preferably made of a relatively rigid material to avoid breakage.
FIG. 10 shows an exemplary structure of the enclosure 110, where the holder 121 of the enclosure 110 is divided into first and second holders 121 a and 121 b. The first holder 121 a holds the toner container 80 for the color of Bk, and the second holder 121 b holds the toner containers 80 for the colors of Y, C, and M. As an alternative, it is possible to hold the toner containers 80 for the colors of Y, C, M, and Bk with a single holder, or four individual holders.
In addition, it is possible to install the enclosure 110 with the toner containers 80 therein inside an entire front cover of the color copying apparatus 1 for covering the inside mechanism such as the image forming mechanism, or a partial front cover prepared specifically for the enclosure 110. In the former case, the image forming operation is prohibited when the entire front cover is open to exchange the toner container 80, but in the latter case, the image forming operation is not necessarily prohibited when the partial front cover for the enclosure 110 is open to exchange the toner container 80.
When the above-mentioned partial front cover is applied to the color copying apparatus 1, the image forming operation can be executed under the conditions that the toner container 80 is in the toner near-end status, because the color copying apparatus 1 has the sub-hopper 61 and can still supply the requisite toner to the image forming operation. Accordingly, the color copying apparatus 1 does not need to stop the image forming operation and can continue the operation even when the toner near-end is detected. When the toner near-end is detected, the color copying apparatus 1 displays an instruction for exchanging the toner container 80 on the operation panel 120. The enclosure 110 may then be tilted to the tilt position to exchange the toner container 80. Upon the exchange of the toner container 80, the transportation of toner from the toner container 80 can be started by the powder pump 70 even with the enclosure 110 at the tilt position. Thus, the color copying apparatus 1 can continue the image forming operation even when the toner near-end is detected.
Further, it becomes possible for the color copying apparatus 1 to check whether the toner container 80 is correctly set to the holder 121 of the enclosure 110 when it is exchanged, by using the above-described feature of the color copying apparatus 1. That is, since the transportation of toner from the toner container 80 can be started by the powder pump 70 while the enclosure 110 stays at the tilt position, the color copying apparatus 1 can initiates the toner transportation and monitors the result of the toner transportation during the time the enclosure 110 stays at the tilt position after the tone container 80 is exchanged, thereby detecting an inappropriate setting of the toner container 80.
This patent specification is based on Japanese patent application, No. JPAP2002-110525 filed on Apr. 12, 2002 in the Japanese Patent Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5248847 *May 22, 1992Sep 28, 1993Ricoh Company, Ltd.Developing container storing a liquid developer with pump dispenserUS5268719 *Dec 3, 1992Dec 7, 1993Eastman Kodak CompanyImage forming apparatus having a positioning mechanism for multiple developing unitsUS5313993 *Dec 3, 1992May 24, 1994Eastman Kodak CompanyToner container and receiving apparatus thereforUS5953567 *Jul 9, 1998Sep 14, 1999Ricoh Company, Ltd.Screw pump, toner conveying device using the same and toner filling systemUS6628915 *Oct 28, 2002Sep 30, 2003Ricoh Company, Ltd.Developer container for an image forming apparatusUS6678492 *Dec 17, 1999Jan 13, 2004Ricoh Company, Ltd.Toner container and toner delivery apparatusJP2000019828A Title not availableJP2001183886A Title not availableJP2001305843A Title not availableJP2002108081A Title not availableJPH07152236A Title not availableJPH11143328A Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1U.S. Appl. No. 10/700,486, filed Nov. 5, 2003, Yoshida et al.2U.S. Appl. No. 10/752,561, filed Jan. 8, 2004, Kita.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7248825 *Oct 27, 2005Jul 24, 2007Canon Kabushiki KaishaDeveloper replenishing apparatusUS7389071Apr 25, 2005Jun 17, 2008Ricoh Company, Ltd.Apparatuses for image forming capable of effectively conveying developer therefrom and a method of effectively forming a reinforcing member adhering to the apparatusesUS7406278Dec 1, 2006Jul 29, 2008Ricoh Company, LimitedPowder container having a lower section with multiple parts which rotatably engage with each otherUS7426362Jun 15, 2007Sep 16, 2008Ricoh Company, Ltd.Conveyor device and image forming apparatusUS7450891Jan 31, 2005Nov 11, 2008Ricoh Company, Ltd.Developer container for an image forming apparatusUS7502577 *Jun 14, 2005Mar 10, 2009Canon Kabushiki KaishaImage forming apparatus comprising a plurality of image forming stations and plurality of developer accommodating vesselsUS7515855Sep 29, 2006Apr 7, 2009Ricoh Company, Ltd.Powder container having a lower part with a trapezoid-shaped cross-sectionUS7536139Oct 31, 2007May 19, 2009Ricoh Company, LimitedPowder container for use in an image forming apparatus having an opening which faces horizontallyUS7561833Nov 2, 2005Jul 14, 2009Eastman Kodak CompanyElectrographic distributed replenishment apparatus and methodUS7590374Oct 30, 2007Sep 15, 2009Ricoh Company, Ltd.Conveyor device and image forming apparatusUS7593674Apr 20, 2007Sep 22, 2009Ricoh Company, Ltd.Body member of a powder containerUS7603054Jan 15, 2009Oct 13, 2009Ricoh Company, LimitedImage forming apparatus, powder supplying unit, toner container, powder container, and method of recycling the powder containerUS7702262Dec 6, 2006Apr 20, 2010Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container including a container body with a gripper at the end thereof, and associated methodUS7706699Dec 6, 2006Apr 27, 2010Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatusUS7720417Dec 5, 2006May 18, 2010Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatusUS7778577 *Oct 6, 2008Aug 17, 2010Ricoh Company, Ltd.Developer container for an image forming apparatusUS7796914Aug 21, 2008Sep 14, 2010Ricoh Company, Ltd.Powder container having a cylindrical shutterUS7822371Dec 6, 2006Oct 26, 2010Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatusUS7826777Dec 5, 2006Nov 2, 2010Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatus having first and second biasing elements that bias the toner containerUS7835675Dec 5, 2006Nov 16, 2010Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatusUS7853183Dec 5, 2006Dec 14, 2010Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatusUS7853184Dec 6, 2006Dec 14, 2010Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatusUS7894753Oct 12, 2007Feb 22, 2011Ricoh Company, Ltd.Developer container including mouth member and image forming apparatus including the sameUS7917055Aug 31, 2009Mar 29, 2011Ricoh Company, LimitedToner container including a toner draining unit and a shutter, and corresponding image forming apparatusUS7983577Aug 20, 2008Jul 19, 2011Ricoh Company LimitedImage forming apparatusUS7991334Aug 16, 2010Aug 2, 2011Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatusUS8010020Mar 5, 2008Aug 30, 2011Ricoh Company, Ltd.Developing device and image forming apparatus equipped with the sameUS8014704May 2, 2008Sep 6, 2011Ricoh Company, Ltd.Developing agent storage device and image forming apparatus having same in which the chargeability level of the toner, storage device, and carrier have a specific relationshipUS8019252 *Aug 27, 2009Sep 13, 2011Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.Removable member-holding device and image forming apparatusUS8086146Nov 9, 2006Dec 27, 2011Ricoh Company, Ltd.Image forming method and apparatus for effectively supplying developerUS8125655Oct 24, 2007Feb 28, 2012Ricoh Company, LimitedReading device, image forming apparatus, electronic paper, and computer program productUS8126375Jun 20, 2011Feb 28, 2012Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatusUS8160461Sep 20, 2010Apr 17, 2012Ricoh Co., Ltd.Toner container and image forming apparatusUS8264752Jun 20, 2008Sep 11, 2012Ricoh Company, Ltd.Image reading system and program for reading electronic paper, and image forming apparatus including the image reading systemUS8385787Sep 14, 2010Feb 26, 2013Ricoh Company, Ltd.Image forming apparatus and medium container installed thereinUS8406652Sep 3, 2009Mar 26, 2013Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.Removable member-holding device and image forming apparatusUS8736862Jan 10, 2011May 27, 2014Ricoh Company, LimitedOperating section structure, image processing apparatus, and information processing apparatusCN101819399BSep 18, 2009Oct 16, 2013富士施乐株式会社Removable member-holding device and image forming apparatus* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification399/258, 399/262International ClassificationG03G15/08Cooperative ClassificationG03G15/0839European ClassificationG03G15/08H3DLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 28, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Sep 24, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 25, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: RICOH COMPANY, LTD., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KITA, EMI;REEL/FRAME:014317/0963Effective date: 20030714Owner name: RICOH COMPANY, LTD. 3-6, NAKAMAGOME 1-CHOMEOHTA-KUFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KITA, EMI /AR;REEL/FRAME:014317/0963RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


text:
OffStage: Tatsuya Nakatani, Walnut Place Laundromat performance by Dave Michael
Nakatani, a creative percussionist originally from Osaka, Japan, has been residing in the USA since 1994. Currently based in Easton, PA he has released over sixty recordings in the USA and Europe and has performed countless solo percussion concerts through intensive touring since the late 1990s. He has collaborated with hundreds of other artists internationally and presented master classes, workshops and lectures across the USA and around the world.
For more information visit his website: hhproduction.org/TATSUYA_NAKATANI_WORKS.html
This concert was part of "Byproduct: The Laundromat" a program organized by Sean Starowitz to cultivate a deeper understanding of socially engaged art practice in Kansas City. The program will bring together both local and national practitioners from the field to collaboratively discuss and challenge the notion of art spaces, community programming, and the role of the audience, all while utilizing a laundromat as its main venue. The project is financed by a Rocket Grant through the Charlotte Street Foundation in Kansas City, MO and the KU Spencer Museum of Art in Lawrence, KS, with funding from the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts.

type: global

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text:
Excel Macro - Urgent Açık
Daha fazlasını görün: macro excel print selected records, paste area macro excel, script macro excel 2003, macro excel web, data mining macro excel, copy next cell macro excel, copy website macro excel, macro excel string manipulation, macro excel open sort output, show print macro excel, install macro excel, convert excel 2000 macro excel 2007 macro, vba macro excel unicode, query macro excel, macro excel cells
Proje NO: #14686348
50 freelancer bu iş için ortalamada 108$ teklif veriyor
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I am a 'Dean Scholarship' recipient for (MBA in Finance) business graduate studies from NYU Stern, USA. I am CFA (USA) charter holder.
Seems like my piece of cake, I have already done such macro creation which were doing similar task. I develop on my own, and will not delegate your task to someone else thus quality is assured.

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Tues 18 December PM : SmartWorking - SNH Charities Event - London Tickets, Tue, 18 Dec 2018 at 13:00 | Eventbrite
Tue 18 December 2018, 13:00 – 16:00 GMT
The Personal Productivity module helps young people to know simple, but effective tools & techniques which can help them in current and future employment.
Tues 18 December PM : SmartWorking - SNH Charities Event - London at Sage
The Shard 32 London Bridge Street, London, SE1 9SG, United Kingdom

value: Eventbrite is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events.


text:
April 10, 2014April 10, 2014	dreaming, hope, voices, wholeness
who told you that you were naked?	This morning … wow, it just blew me away. I’ve seen this 4 times now and each time, I am taken deeper into it. This is so vital to this journey we are on. I wanted to get you this link so you can have access to the podcast.
PreviousNext	One thought on “who told you that you were naked?”	Listen to God, Not Your Doubts Have you noticed that the moment you establish a goal in your life you start hearing people say, “Who do you think you are’? “It can’t be done, forget about it?” I call them DreamBusters. DreamBusters can be critics. They can be cynics. They can come from the culture around you. They can also be friends and family. But the biggest DreamBuster can be you, the way you talk to yourself. The antidote to the voices of doubt is to instead listen to the voice of God. Just imagine all the DreamBusters that were in Noah’s life. How would you like to be Noah’s next-door-neighbor? “That guy Noah, he thinks God speaks to him, but he’s just messing up all of our property values by building that ark in his front yard.’ The Bible tells us that Noah listened to God. And what did he hear? He heard God’s warning that the world was going to be destroyed. He heard what he had not yet seen. That’s what faith is, being certain of something we don’t see. So Noah didn’t turn back on the vision God had given him. Instead, he built the ark. “Pastor Rick Warren” Grace & Peace >
Patrick Grant , April 14, 2014 at 3:12 pm

value: WordPress (WP, WordPress.org) is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) written in PHP and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database. Features include a plugin architecture and a template system, referred to within WordPress as Themes.


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La Quinta Inn & Suites Ontario Airport, Ontario Hotels from AED 382 - KAYAK Overview
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value: A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is typically propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle. The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word qajaq (IPA: [qajɑq]).


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Zandvoort Hotels - Zandvoort, The Netherlands - Yahoo Travel
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Small Hotel situated within walking distance of beach or town center, 10 km from Haarlem.
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text:
THE 10 CLOSEST Hotels to Crystal Vista - TripAdvisor
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value: Tripadvisor, Inc. is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


text: _.zj.prototype.nf=function(){var a=new Mi;this.H=a;var b=_.Nh.Eb();b.lb=!0;this.R();b.Oa=a;_.nfa(b);a.Za=b;b=_.Yg("Im6cmf").Na()+"/jserror";sia(b);b=_.ab(_.Yg("cfb2h").Na());Pi.buildLabel=b;if(yj)for(var b=yj.H,c=0;c<_.xj.length;c++)b.push(_.xj[c]);var b=window,d,c=new rha,e=b||window,f=e.document.documentElement,g=new Fha(f);a:{for(var l=0;lkareem Amin - Google+Press question mark to see available shortcut keysHomeCollectionsJoin Google+Send FeedbackHelpRegionPrivacy Policy - Terms of Service - Maps Terms©2017 GoogleSearchSign inAboutSearchSign inkareem Amin53 followers53 followersAboutkareem's posts Post has attachmentkareem AminPublic9wkareem Aminminingeology.blogspot.com.eg no plus ones no comments no shares Post has attachmentkareem AminPublic9wLandsat 8 Oli ProcessingS ubset of your image that onlyincludes the areas our are interested in. This savesdisk space and processing time. Some software packages refer to this process as subsetting while others use the termclipping. Most raster data can be subset using XY coo...kareem Aminminingeology.blogspot.com.eg no plus ones no comments no shares Post has attachmentkareem AminPublic9wkareem Aminminingeology.blogspot.com.eg no plus ones no comments no shares Post has attachmentkareem AminPublic9wLandsat 8 PreprocessingP re-processing of Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS data stage consistsof those operations that prepare data for subsequent analysis that attempts tocorrect or compensate for systematic errors. The digital images are subjectedto several corrections such as radiometric...kareem Aminminingeology.blogspot.com.eg no plus ones no comments no shares Post has attachmentkareem AminPublic9wkareem Aminminingeology.blogspot.com.eg no plus ones no comments no shares Post has attachmentkareem AminPublic9wApplied Mining Geology►OVERVIEW:-☛ 🚩 ☛ Presents a comprehensive summary of mining geology procedures from data collection, quality assurance to their utilization in resource/reserve models, and implementation in mine production plans, which can be used as guidelines by mining i...kareem Aminminingeology.blogspot.com.eg no plus ones no comments no shares Post has attachmentkareem AminPublic10wkareem Aminminingeology.blogspot.com.eg no plus ones no comments no shares Post has attachmentkareem AminPublic10wLandsat Spectral Band Informationkareem Aminminingeology.blogspot.com.eg no plus ones no comments no shares Post has attachmentkareem AminPublicDec 5, 20153D Map Generator – GEOminingeology.blogspot.com one plus one 1 no comments no shares Post has attachmentkareem AminPublicDec 5, 20153D Map Generator – GEOAvailable for PC and MAC as Plugin for Photoshop CC (from v 14.2) The 3D Map Generator – GEO“ is especially created for illustrating complex geographical 3D maps. In opposite to the current „3D Map Generator 2“ the new „3D Map Generator – GEO“ can be used t...3D Map Generator – GEOminingeology.blogspot.com 2 plus ones 2 no comments no sharesLooks like you've reached the endLooks like you've reached the endUnable to load more. RetryWait while more posts are being loaded

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text:
Searcy Yesteryear : ECHO DELL REVISITED
In this week's Arkansas Times Weekly Magazine, a half-dozen people across the state were asked their favorite spot in Arkansas. This prompted some random thoughts from yours truly of the past fifty-five years, and I’d like to throw in my old two cents worth. Although the favorite spot would typically change, I believe the spot for me would be the same for all the years. I quote the editor, David Koon:
“Arkansas has her blemishes and scars. Still, and despite a lot of things not going her way in the recent past, ---clear cutting, Wal-Martification, paper mills and more, the old girl is holding up quite nicely, and after all these years, we’re still in love.” This is true.
Summer in 1952 and 1953 was like many others, with Tom Sawyer antics, and lazy days. Every weekend starting around May 31, Echo Dell called and it was too hard to resist. Walking to the river barefoot, (summers were for being barefoot except for going to town or church on Sunday) it was always hard putting on shoes on Sunday morning.
If I had my choice, I would have gone barefoot the whole ninety days of summer, not just eighty-eight. Up into July, walking along the side of the road where perchance grass grew was much more comfortable than trying the hot dusty road to the river with bare feet. Only small dangers going barefoot were chopping a toe, while hoeing the garden, or getting away from a garden snake that occasionally hid under the peas.
Relatives from the attendance of the little Ballew community Sunday services sometimes came home with us for Sunday dinner. After dinner, if we didn’t have a game of baseball in the back yard, we headed to the river. Sometimes we’d invite the preacher home with us for Sunday luncheon (dinner) and I always knew I could count on fresh corn, green beans, fried okra, peas, (black-eyed, not those insipid round green English Peas) fried chicken, and for dessert, real strawberries, and real whipped cream on a pie crust shortcake
The ‘upper dam’ had been built around 1952 as a result of a serious water shortage for Searcy. It was located at Echo Dell, and provided some deeper water to belly flop off into from the bank, or wade gingerly from the edge on the flat rocks until it became over our heads. I disliked the dam since the time I tried to walk across it, and the six inches of water rushing over caused me to slip. I grabbed the concrete, and held on for dear life; with the river trying it’s best to take me on south. I managed to rescue myself, with concrete burns and skinned places on my arms and chest. A lesson learned about shallow water and the power it has.
Sometimes Sunday afternoon we’d drive to the cemetery at Sidon, where relatives are buried, or maybe Foster’s Chapel where other relatives are buried, and although more sacred now to me than it was as a thirteen year old, to see a little sister's grave, Margie Eloise, was always touching for me. They’re all gone now, my parents, brother, my beloved grandfather and grandmother. I tried to keep Grandpa’s memory open to everyone as long as I could, even to the point of one day at Sunday dinner, regaling the preacher and family around the table with grandpa’s account of the Sidon School incident, with he and Tom Martindale’s plans to break up a Saturday night dance. When I quoted Tom Martindale, as he came rolling down the steps of the school towards grandpa, saying, “Don’t start now, Ruben, this is me.”
Dad gave me a glace, like, ‘shut up!’ which I did as I looked at the preacher and his wife, heads downcast, trying their best to stifle a chuckle. Drunken Saturday night escapades of my grandfather were not genteel topics of discussion at Sunday dinner with company present. I loved those stories, and took a chance as often as I could, in telling them.
These years, north Main ended by being nothing more than a long sloping dirt road past our house towards the river. Brother Jim and cousin Garvin decided to ride the old Western Flyer bike to the river and skip the long walk in the dust. The Western Flyer was a bike that we had gotten for Christmas some years before, and by now, had no fenders, chain guard, or brakes.
Garvin was on the handlebars and Jim was driving, as they came past the rest of us. They had started at the beginning of the grade, and had not anticipated the quarter-mile of road would get their speed up to a thrilling, scary end. They came by, hollering, “Helllll-p!” We stood in the road and watched them disappear out of sight into the woods at the bottom of the grade, with soon a big cloud of dust, and a huge crash.
We caught up, and the bike's front wheel was smashed and the boys were skinned up, because the only brakes they had were bare feet against the tire, (which was not a good choice) or the first big thicket as the road towards the river turned back to the left. That was the last run of the old Western Flyer, making it’s way to the river.
I think of those days and how the river and the modest little farm was a place that helped mold me for high school and beyond. The influence of friends and family was one of being close knit, and learning about life and death. I don’t even know if the road is still there to the upper dam at Echo Dell any more, but I know if I could go there once more, I could hear the laughter of all of us again, happy and carefree.