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THOUGHTS OF ABDUL KALAM: WHAT IGNITED THE YOUNG MIND?
WHAT IGNITED THE YOUNG MIND?
In Albert Einstein life, we find that his interest in science started early, beginning with his encounter with magnetism, which he called “the first miracle”. He was given a compass by his father and Einstein was endlessly fascinated by the fact that invisible forces could make object move. This experience made a lasting impression on him. His interest in compasses was reinforced when he found a caring mentor to hone his ideas. At the age of 12, he experienced second wonder in a little book given by his mentor Max Talmud with Euclidean plain Geometry which he called “Holy Geometry Book”. Einstein called this his “second miracle”. Here Einstein made contact with the realm of pure thought. Without expensive laboratories or equipment, he could explore universal truth, limited only by the power of human mind. Mathematics became an endless source of pleasure to Einstein especially if intriguing puzzle and mysteries were involved.
Einstein’s father was in an electro chemical business. Being in the midst of electro magnetic contraptions awakened an intuitive understanding of electricity and magnetism in Albert Einstein. It sharpens his ability to develop graphic, physical pictures that would describe the laws of nature with uncanny accuracy. This trait, the ability to see everything in terms of physical pictures resulted in the discovery of the famous E=mc2 by Einstein. Now let me talk about Srinivasa Ramanujan, a genius well ahead of time.
Posted by KASI VISWANATHAN at 11:17 AM
sir i do not want to distroying me and people lyk me who have capabilities like banyan unproductive seeds.due to some reason i lost my confidence and inthusiasm, plz ignited me. farha Ca-Pcc student 23 years
QUESTIONS FROM EENADU TV.
ENGINEERING EDUCATION EMPOWERS.
LEARNING INTEGRATED SYSTEM DESIGN.


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LA Cafe - Whitestown, IN | Groupon
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+13177697503
La Café Burger with Fries
1/2 lb burger with choice of cheese and toppings
Choice of cheese and toppings: american, swiss, cheddar, hot pepper, provolone, blue cheese, grilled onions, bacon, jalapeños, & sauteed mushrooms
Corned beef, rye bread, swiss cheese and sauerkraut
1/2 lb patty, rye bread, swiss cheese and grilled onions
Layers of turkey, ham, bacon, american and swiss cheese, lettuce, tomato and mayonnaise
Wheat, white or rye bread
Choice of wheat, white or rye bread and cheese, served with chips
Breaded or grilled chicken, lettuce, red onion, mixed cheese, & caesar dressing, served with chips
Lettuce mix, red onion, cucumbers, tomatoes, croutons & choice of dressing
Fresh mozzarella, tomato, basil, olive oil & balsamic vinegar
Lettuce, tomatoes, diced cucumbers, blue cheese crumbles & choice of dressing
Mesclun mix, raspberries, candied pecans, red onions, parmesan cheese & raspberry vinaigrette
Lettuce mix, tomatoes, cucumbers, sliced egg, shredded cheese, croutons, ham, turkey & choice of dressing
Romaine lettuce, shaved parmesan, croutons & caesar dressing
With mashed potatoes and smothered with gravy
Beef burrito is covered in chili and chicken burrito is covered in queso sauce, both with lettuce, tomatoes, and black olives
3 chicken breast fingers, choice of 1 dipping sauce
Chicken Fingers, Cheeseburger, or Grilled Cheese
Choice of french fries, mac and cheese, or fruit

type: global

value: Groupon is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


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Cliff Osmond on Acting: ON ACTING: "Edge-iness"
After the class scene, the actress asked me what I thought of her work in the scene. I told her her work was solid; it was real, 'crafty' (in the sense that it exhibited experienced acting craft...a knowledge-and application--of plot and character elements; it also exhibited reality and spontaneity). But "it lacked the power of art." As an explanatory criticism, I offered a common jargon/cliche term: "Her performance lacked "edge-iness".What did I mean by that? "Edge-iness" in a performance is a sense the audience gets (because it is true) that the actor-as-character is living on the edge of her emotional experience. S/he is barely in control...every movement and action of the plot is an attempt to gain, and maintain, control. During an 'edgy' performance, the actor-as-character's emotional existence is threatening to spin out of control. At any moment of the plot, if the actor-as-character fails at achieving objective control, they will fall off the edge. (A good actor lives almost every moment of stage near the edge of a cliff; an excellent actor lives at the edge. A great actor lives with ten toes dangling...with the wind at their back.)The purpose of all emotional preparation, for a role and/or throughout a career of training, is to develop the ability to move quickly and on demand from the everyday safety of one's life (living life far enough away from the edge of one's emotional precariousness to have a reasonable, sane and emotionally healthy existence), to a position of emotional fragility, susceptibility and danger ("edgy-ness") when working, appropriate to character and potential audience excitement.Actors are paid for the amount of emotional danger they are willing the experience during a performance. So the audience...in the safety of their seats in a darkened theater...can be brought--through a process called "identification"--to the edge of their emotional existence by the actor's willingness, as the character, to live the plot of the story at the edge of emotional experience. I told the actress our chore (hers as actress; mine as teacher) was to encourage and train her how to achieve performance 'edge-iness'.
I found your blog today and I'm thoroughly enjoying reading through your "On Acting" posts.I'm presently in rehearsals for a character who is extremely "in control" - in fact that's her biggest obstacle...so how do I show that but keep it edgy at the same time?? Thanks!!(BTW, my blog can be found at www.kathrynsmoore.wordpress.com)

value: Blogger is an American online content management system (CMS) which enables multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003.


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PLAINFIELD TODAY: Newtown tragedy underscores the importance of disaster planning
Schools have in fact been conducting security drills in Plainfield for many years now. Since last year, one a month is planned and executed to ensure safety. Recently, I read on a board agenda that two schools, Jefferson and PAAAS, have hired a security consultant to teach their staff crisis management training. This tragedy is horrible, but I am glad that our schools are looking at safety. The situation in Conn tells us that the drills save many many lives.


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value: eBay Inc. ( EE-bay) is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


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Maria Bartiromo's Wall Street : FBC : July 7, 2018 12:00am-12:31am EDT
Maria Bartiromo's Wall Street : FBC : July 22, 2018 9:00am-9:31am EDT
studios in new york city, this is maria bartiromo's "wall street." maria: welcome to the program that analyzes the week that was and positions you for the week ahead. we have two titans of technology. my exclusive interview with the ceo of microsoft, satya nadella. then the ceo of sap, bill mcdermott. but first deirdre bolton is standing by in the fox business newsroom. with everything from wall street to main street. dierdre: president trump making waves when he broke from a longstanding white house protocol and openly criticized the federal reserve. he qum explained that fed is putting the u.s. economy at a disadvantage by raising interest rates while chain a and the e.u. manipulate their currencies. he threatens tremendous re fly biewtion against the e. -- tremendous retribution against the e.u. that said, markets closed mixed by week's end. microsoft stock surging after a strong earnings report. it hit an all-time high with a strong business in cloud business. comcast is dropping its bid for 21st century fox. comcast will try to buy sky tv in europe. the e.u. imposing a record $5
studios in new york city, this is maria bartiromo's "wall street." maria: welcome to the program that analyzes the week that was and positions you for the week ahead. we have two titans of technology. my exclusive interview with the ceo of microsoft, satya nadella. then the ceo of sap, bill mcdermott. but first deirdre bolton is standing by in the fox business newsroom. with everything from wall street to main street. dierdre: president trump making waves when he broke from a...
Maria Bartiromo's Wall Street : FBC : July 15, 2018 8:00pm-8:31pm EDT
studios in new york city this is maria bartiromo's "wall street." maria: happy weekend. welcome to the program that analyzes the week that was and helps position you for the week ahead. citi private bank head of investments is with me, and erika nardini. let's get over to the fox business newsroom. reporter: another busy news week. president trump drew a hard line in the sand at the nato meeting in brussels. he insisted the members pull their weight and increase defense spending. president trump: i want fairness for the united states. nato is very important. but nato is helping europe more than it's helping us. reporter: he expressed his support to do business with the u.k. with or without brexit. president trump: once the brexit process is conclude and perhaps the u.k. has left the e.u. i don't know what they are going to do. but whatever you do is okay with me. that's your decision. reporter: jpmorgan led with a strong quarterly report. their earnings rose 26%. and revenue climbed 10%. wells fargo missed big last square while citi's earnings report was mixed. despite trade concerns w
studios in new york city this is maria bartiromo's "wall street." maria: happy weekend. welcome to the program that analyzes the week that was and helps position you for the week ahead. citi private bank head of investments is with me, and erika nardini. let's get over to the fox business newsroom. reporter: another busy news week. president trump drew a hard line in the sand at the nato meeting in brussels. he insisted the members pull their weight and increase defense spending....

value: An archive is an accumulation of historical records – in any media – or the physical facility in which they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime, and are kept to show the function of that person or organization.


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THE FIL-AM PERSPECTIVE: Web/Tech THE FIL-AM PERSPECTIVE
Philippine weather? There's an App for that! The creator of this App for Android-- Matang Rolly-- is a kababayan from Davao, according to the link shared with me by @ProudtobePinoy on twitter. This App "PH Weather", according to the website AppBrain, features current weather condition and seven-day forecasts in different locations worldwide. This app is currently focused in the Philippine weather conditions, forecasts and news. The satellite images cover mostly the Philippines, Taiwan and other neigboring southeast Asian countries. Images can be animated and supports panning, zooming and pinch-to-zoom! And be notified when it rains based on the forecasts!
Posted on 09/27/2011 at 09:06 PM | Permalink

value: Typepad is a blogging service owned by Endurance International Group, previously owned by SAY Media (from the merger of Six Apart Ltd and VideoEgg). Originally launched in October 2003, Typepad is based on Six Apart's Movable Type platform, and shares technology with Movable Type such as templates and APIs, but is marketed to non-technical users and includes additional features like multiple author support, photo albums and mobile blogging.


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Ashburnham Grove, Greenwich, London
Wild's Rents, London Bridge, SE1
An incredible three bedroom house offering four floors of high-specification living and entertaining space finished to an exceptional standard throughout.
A unique opportunity to purchase a 2700 sq ft house on Wilds Rents. The property is currently under development and any buyer wanting to exchange early may be able to have an input into the finish. Please call now to arrange access. Full plans available upon request.
UNIQUE NEW BUILD HOUSE
St Johns Buildings, Canterbury Crescent, London, SW9
This substantial apartment featuring remarkable double-height spaces forms part of a 19th century school building converted by the celebrated architect Tony Fretton. Located amongst walled gardens, the former school site is something of an oasis of calm found in the centre of Brixton. More details ›
A fabulous three/five bedroom duplex apartment set in a Grade II listed converted school building, offering a blank canvas for personal touches, double-height ceilings and lovely wood floors.
Percival Mews, SE11
Percival Mews is an exclusive development of just four luxury houses and two maisonettes, in a fabulous location between Vauxhall Bridge and the Oval Cricket Ground.
searches for South East London in July 2014.

value: Rightmove plc is a UK-based company that runs rightmove.co.uk, the UK's largest online real estate portal and property website. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.


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Social Media Tickets, Thu, Jun 7, 2012 at 7:00 PM | Eventbrite
ONLINE -- Link below + after registration, Anaheim
Weekly Event - Every Thursday: 7:00 PM to 8:00 PM (PDT)
Social media is everywhere. Social Networking and blogging has become part of our daily activity. I bet every time you turn on your tablet, mobile phone or laptop, not logging in to your Facebook or Twitter account is inevitable.
As an entrepreneur, the rise of social media presents a valuable opportunity to reach out to your customers. Thus, building your company's social media presence is imperative to its success. Attend to this free seminar and we'll take you through the basics of building your company's reputation to social media sites like Facebook, Twitter and Linkedin. Registration:
Have questions about Social Media? Contact MacMall Store Torrance

value: Eventbrite is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events.


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The White House Downtow TVR - UPDATED 2020 - Holiday Home in Tavira - Tripadvisor
Secure Parking, Grill - Holiday rental in Tavira
1 of 48piscina privata
Sunny town house in the historical center of Tavira, with private garden and mini-pool, renovated by architect, close to beaches and golf courses. Contemporary, built in the style of the Algarve, its three levels around three terraces offer a lot of privacy The 'must' garden with its olive tree and mini pool to refresh. The white house, very sunny, contemporary, was built in the traditional Algarve's style. It has 2 floors, each with terrace. The ground-garden, a winter garden, 2 people may sleep, with bathroom, opens on to the garden with oliver tree and a private mini pool. On the first floor, the living room: sofa, fireplace, first terrace overlooking a large garden with orange trees, dining room, library, office, spacious fully equipped kitchen with washing machine, dryer, dishwa...Sunny town house in the historical center of Tavira, with private garden and mini-pool, renovated by architect, close to beaches and golf courses. Contemporary, built in the style of the Algarve, its three levels around three terraces offer a lot of privacy The 'must' garden with its olive tree and mini pool to refresh. The white house, very sunny, contemporary, was built in the traditional Algarve's style. It has 2 floors, each with terrace. The ground-garden, a winter garden, 2 people may sleep, with bathroom, opens on to the garden with oliver tree and a private mini pool. On the first floor, the living room: sofa, fireplace, first terrace overlooking a large garden with orange trees, dining room, library, office, spacious fully equipped kitchen with washing machine, dryer, dishwasher, coffee machine, etc. toilet. On the second floor, two bedrooms, two bathrooms, dressing rooms, Solarium. The house is in a small secure condominium of 7 apartments and 5 private houses, all with private parking in the center of Tavira. The condominium has a round pool with a diameter of 13.5 m plus a children's pool with accessible access. Sports and beaches: A preview tours of the historic city and the region will be available in the house as well as shops addresses, restaurants and cultural venues, tours, etc ... Departure by boat to Ilha de Tavira beach 10 minutes This beach is a beautiful long white sandy beach with infrastuctures and restaurants, but also its wilderness and nature reserve, other beautiful beaches around. For golfers there are 8 golf courses in the area the nearest is Benamor 5 minutes by car The house is located in a quiet area in the historic center of the charming town of Tavira with many restaurants and cafés, various shops All conveniences bakery, supermarket ... are within walking distance, as well as the pier for boat beach 'Ilha de Tavira' The house is within 40min to the Faro airport by taxi or rent a car. Someone will welcome you on your arrival and ensure your departure. Tourist License / Licencia de turismo N °: 90967/ALMore
Do not leave the lights on and/or electrical equipment on when leaving. Respect the quiet hours (22h-8h). Parties, noise or any other activity that disturbs the well-being of other tenants are not allowed. The entry in the apartment of other people apart from those indicated in the booking is not allowed. Kindly leave the apartment tidy, without waste and without garbage, clean dishes and in place including dishwasher, on the check-out.
The house is located in a quiet area in the center of this charming town of Tavira with many restaurants and cafés, various shops ... All conveniences bakery, supermarket ... are within walking distance, as well as the pier for boat to the beach 'Ilha de Tavira' and the river, the castle, monuments and churches. Supermarkets: - Municipal Market of Tavira (fresh fish, vegetables and fruit), 1km (15min walk), next to the Descobrimentos bridge - 'Continente', 1,3km (17min. walk), in the Grand-Plaza shopping center Restaurants: - 'D`Gusta', in Rua Vaz Corte Real - ' Terraze', in Rua Borda d`Agua da Asseca - ' No De Gusto » in Praça Dr. José Padinha - ' Ponto de Encontro', in Praça Dr. José Padinha - « Pausa » Rua D Marcelino Franco
Kalkan Villas (1,180)
Newport Holiday Cottages (106)
#FKN2228671846

value: Tripadvisor, Inc. is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


text: Home // Search // Search results // wp content uploads 2014 06 FinalReport Adler pdf // Family and Consumer Sciences // Fairfield // Site

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text: OTTAWA - The federal emphasis on integrating immigrants through language training and recognition of foreign credentials is far too narrow, says a new paper.The Federation of Canadian Municipalities i...

value: HuffPost, formerly The Huffington Post until 2017 and sometimes abbreviated HuffPo, is an American news aggregator and blog, with localized and international editions. The site offers news, satire, blogs and original content, and covers politics, business, entertainment, environment, technology, popular media, lifestyle, culture, comedy, healthy living, women's interests and local news featuring columnists.


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It's Monday! What Are You Reading? This is a weekly meme hosted by Book Journey. In order to get some consistency to my posting I thought I’d jump on board this great idea. As a self-proclaimed bookaholic, I love talking about my books and finding out what others are reading.Here are my picks for this week:
COMPLEX 90 by Mickey Spillane and Max Allan Collins (book #19 in the Mike Hammer series)
Hammer accompanies a conservative politician to Moscow on a fact-finding mission. Arrested and imprisoned by the KGB on a bogus charge; he quickly escapes, creating an international incident by getting into a fire fight with Russian agents.On his stateside return, the government is none too happy with Hammer. Russia is insisting upon his return to stand charges, and various government agencies are following him. A question dogs our hero: why him? Why does Russia want him back, and why was he singled out to accompany the senator to Russia in the first place?
THE LAST QUARRY by Max Allan Collins (perhaps my favorite of the Quarry novels. This book continues my re-reading of some of my favorite books in my collection.)
The ruthless professional killer known as Quarry long ago disappeared into a well-earned retirement. But now a media magnate has lured the restless hitman into tackling one last lucrative assignment. The target is an unlikely one: Why, Quarry wonders, would anyone want a beautiful young librarian dead?And why in hell does he care? Posted by
Kathy MartinMay 25, 2015 at 11:35 PMI did a little re-reading this week too. Sometimes I just want to revisit old friends from my keeper shelves. Come see my reading week here. Have a wonderful week!ReplyDeleteAdd commentLoad more...


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CONSTI LAW 1 Separation of Powers
P. 1CONSTI LAW 1 Separation of PowersCONSTI LAW 1 Separation of PowersRatings: (0)|Views: 5
|Likes: 0Published by Ross AguilarFrom Comm Wilhelm SorianoFrom Comm Wilhelm SorianoMore info:Categories:Types, Business/LawPublished by: Ross Aguilar on Jul 20, 2013Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttps://www.scribd.com/doc/154854703/CONSTI-LAW-1-Separation-of-Powers07/20/2013pdftextoriginal You're Reading a Free Preview

value: Scribd Inc.  is an American e-book and audiobook subscription service that includes one million titles.


text:
Patent US6962294 - Integrated circuit having an active shield - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsIntegrated circuit having security-critical circuit components arranged in a lower plane, data lines arranged in an upper plane, situated at least in part above the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane, and connected to the security-critical circuit components, and a detector...http://www.google.com/patents/US6962294?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6962294 - Integrated circuit having an active shieldAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6962294 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/995,961Publication dateNov 8, 2005Filing dateNov 22, 2004Priority dateMay 24, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE10223176B3, EP1508170A2, US20050092848, WO2003100857A2, WO2003100857A3Publication number10995961, 995961, US 6962294 B2, US 6962294B2, US-B2-6962294, US6962294 B2, US6962294B2InventorsAndrea Beit-Grogger, Josef RiegebauerOriginal AssigneeInfineon Technologie AgExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (3), Classifications (5), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetIntegrated circuit having an active shieldUS 6962294 B2Abstract Integrated circuit having security-critical circuit components arranged in a lower plane, data lines arranged in an upper plane, situated at least in part above the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane, and connected to the security-critical circuit components, and a detector circuit that identifies an attack on the integrated circuit. The detector circuit has a transmitting device that transmits predetermined test data into the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane, a receiving device that receives the data processed by the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane, and an evaluation device that compares the received data with expected data and that ascertains any non-correspondence. The data lines carry the predetermined test data that is transmitted by the transmitting device and is processed by the security-critical circuit components.
security-critical circuit components arranged in a lower plane;
data lines arranged in an upper plane, situated at least in part above the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane, and connected to the security-critical circuit components; and
a detector circuit that identifies an attack on the integrated circuit, comprising:
a transmitting device that transmits predetermined test data into the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane;
a receiving device that receives the data processed by the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane; and
an evaluation device that compares the received data with expected data and that ascertains any non-correspondence,
wherein the integrated circuit is operable in a normal mode and a test mode,
the data lines carry the predetermined test data that is transmitted by the transmitting device and is processed by the security-critical circuit components in the test mode, and
the data lines carry data that is processed by the security critical circuit components in the normal mode.
2. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the security-critical circuit components are parts of an encryption device.
3. The integrated circuit according to claim 2, wherein the encryption device is a DES encryption device.
4. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transmitter transmits the predetermined test data in cyclic intervals.
5. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transmitter transmits the predetermined test data at irregular time intervals.
security-critical circuit components arranged in a lower plane, and which are parts of an encryption device;
data lines arranged in an upper plane, situated at least in part above the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane, and connected to the security-critical circuit components;
a memory, in which second data that is necessary to encrypt first data is stored, connected by the data lines to processing units, which combine the first data with the second data and a key; and
an evaluation device that compares the received data with expected data and ascertains any non-correspondence,
wherein the data lines carry data that is necessary during the processing of transmitted data.
7. The integrated circuit according to claim 6, further comprising a test key, which is stored in a key register and encrypts the test data.
8. The integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the transmitter transmits the predetermined test data in cyclic intervals.
9. The integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the transmitter transmits the predetermined test data at irregular time intervals.
10. The integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the encryption device is a DES encryption device.
a detector means for identifying an attack on the integrated circuit, comprising:
a transmitting means for transmitting predetermined test data into the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane;
a receiving means for receiving the data processed by the security-critical circuit components arranged in the lower plane; and
an evaluation means for comparing the received data with expected data and that ascertains any non-correspondence,
the data lines carry the predetermined test data that is transmitted by the transmitting means and is processed by the security-critical circuit components in the test mode, and
security-critical circuit components arranged in a lower plane, which are parts of an encryption device;
wherein the data lines carry the first data that is necessary during the processing of transmitted data.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation of International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/DE2003/01357, filed Apr. 25, 2003, which published in German on Dec. 4, 2003 as WO 2003/100857, and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an integrated circuit having a plurality of physical planes, security-critical circuit components arranged in a lower plane and data lines arranged in an upper plane in such a way that they are situated at least in part above the security-critical circuit components.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In principle, integrated circuits are constructed in such a way that the actual semiconductor components are arranged in a lower plane, the so-called active plane. The wiring of the semiconductor components is implemented in planes lying further above, the so-called metal planes. Depending on the complexity of the circuit, a plurality of metal planes is required in order to carry out a complete wiring. The individual metal planes are electrically isolated from one another by an insulation line. In general, attempts are made to keep the number of metal planes as low as possible, since each additional metal plane leads to a considerable increase in costs in the production of the integrated circuit.
Further requirements are made of integrated circuits which comprise security-critical circuit components. These relate to the repulse of attacks an the integrated circuit, the aim of these attacks being to covertly discover the internal processes in the security-critical circuit components or the construction thereof and thus to obtain the opportunities for manipulation or for unauthorized operations. Such attacks are known as probing, forcing, FIB, etc.
In especially security-critical cases, the affected regions are covered with an active shield and, if appropriate, an additional metal plane is provided for this in the case of an active shield, regions of a circuit are covered with a multiplicity of additional lines for which voltage and/or current flow are monitored in order to be able to detect a physical attack. A particularly critical application is present for example in an integrated circuit for DES implementation. In this application, the keys used are stored, in plain text. If an attacker succeeds in physically accessing the security-critical circuit components, the attacker can read out the keys and use them improperly.
An additional property of an integrated circuit for DES encryption that makes the construction more difficult lies in the fact that DES is very wiring-intensive owing to the many permutations. Therefore, a plurality of metal planes have to be provided anyway in order to avoid power and timing problems which result if it is attempted to dispense with a metal plane. Moreover, this would lead to enlargement of the area. The function of an active shield is nevertheless indispensable in order to ensure the security that is necessary for the application.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, it is an object of the invention to specify an integrated circuit which ensures the security of an active shield without requiring an additional metal plane for this.
This object is achieved by means of an integrated circuit of the type mentioned in the introduction which is characterized in that a detector circuit is provided for identifying an attack on the integrated circuit, having a transmitting device for feeding predetermined test data into the security-critical circuit components, a receiving device for receiving the first data processed by the security-critical circuit components, and an evaluation device for comparing the received data with expected data and for ascertaining a non-correspondence, the data lines carrying data that are necessary during the processing of the data fed in.
Thus, in the integrated circuit according to the invention, data lines present anyway are used to construct an active shield. In the event of an attack on the integrated circuit, firstly the data lines located at the top are affected. This would have the effect that the received data do not correspond to those data which are actually expected. In this case, the data lines may carry the first data to be processed themselves or data that have already been processed, or else second data required for processing. In the case of an integrated circuit for carrying out an encryption, the data lines carry the encrypted data or second data which are required for the encryption.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, known test data are encrypted using a known test key. The form of the data to be obtained is thus known. In this case, the provision and plausibility check may be effected both by a control unit outside the encryption unit and by the encryption unit itself If the plausibility check gives an incorrect outcome, further use of the encryption unit is no longer permitted, or countermeasures are initiated.
In this case, the data lines connect an encryption memory, in which second data that are necessary for encrypting first data are stored or can be stored, to processing units for combining the first with the second data and a key. There are a large number of such lines present, so that a high security is achieved. Consequently, the test circuit according to the invention can be integrated into the rest of the circuit design particularly simply.
Particularly in the case of cyclic transmission of test data, it is possible to provide a security function which corresponds to that of an active shield. No additional metal plane is necessary in this case.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is explained in mare detail below using an exemplary embodiment. In the figures:
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an integrated circuit according to the invention in a first exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a second exemplary embodiment; and
FIG. 3 shows a more detailed illustration of the block diagram of FIG. 2 using a DES encryption unit.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 illustrates an integrated circuit 1 having a test circuit according to the invention. Usually, data are transmitted from a first regular circuit component 7 via a data line 11 to a second regular circuit component 8. Generally, the data line is not, of course, a single line but rather a multiplicity of data lines, as is also illustrated in FIG. 1.
In order to be able to use the existing data lines 11 for the test purposes intended according to the invention, two changeover devices 9 and 10 are provided on both sides of the data lines. Instead of data being fed in by the first regular circuit components 7, it is possible, by means of a corresponding changeover of the first changeover device 9, for data to be fed into the data lines 11 by a transmitting device 2 assigned to the detector circuit. Predetermined test data 5 known within the integrated circuit are used for this purpose.
On the other side of the data lines 11, the data are forwarded to a receiving device 3, instead of to the second regular circuit components 8, by means of a second changeover device 10. An evaluation device 4 connected to the receiving device 3 compares the received data with expected data which should be received in the case of an intact transmission path. If the evaluation device 4 ascertains that the received data do not correspond to the expected data, an alarm signal 13 is output. This can be used to trigger countermeasures.
Further circuit components 12, for example encryption components, may also be arranged in each case between the data lines 11 and the changeover devices 9 and 10. The components may be provided either on one side of the data lines or else on both sides. If an encryption document is provided, then the test data are encrypted using a known key, so that, at the receiver end, it can again be ascertained whether the received data correspond to expected data. In this case, the comparison can be effected without previously decrypting the data again.
FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment. In this exemplary embodiment, the first data to be processed are not themselves transmitted via the data lines that are to be used as an active shield, rather second data, which are necessary for the processing of the first data, are carried via the data lines 11. Without second data transmitted correctly via the data lines 11, correct processing of the first data fed in is not possible. The second data have no relevance to security, however.
The simplest way of explaining the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2 is to assume that an encryption unit is involved. In this case, the first data 21 to be encrypted are combined, in an encryption unit 22, with second data which are stored in a memory 33 and are transmitted via the data lines 11 to the encryption unit 22. While the transmission of the first data 21 to be encrypted is effected on just a few parallel lines, 2048 parallel lines, for example, are present for the transmission of the second data. As a result, it is possible to obtain a significantly better shield effect than when using only the lines for the data 21 to be encrypted. In this case, only comparatively minor changes to existing circuit layouts have to be made for the invention's implementation of the function of an active shield.
The test data 5 are thus fed to the encryption unit 22 by a transmitting device 2, in which unit combination with the second data from the memory 33 and a test key 23, stored in a key register 24, is effected. The encrypted data are then fed to a receiving device 3. An evaluation device 4 connected to the latter compares the received data with expected data 6. If these do not correspond, it is assumed that manipulations to the data lines 11 have been made. In order to indicate this, an alarm signal 13 is output, and can be used to trigger countermeasures. By way of example, it may be expedient for the keys stored in the key register 24 to be erased when an alarm signal occurs.
Further countermeasures are familiar to the person skilled in the art and can be integrated without any problem.
FIG. 3 shows, using the concrete example of a DES encryption unit, the spatial arrangement of the components used for encryption and of the data lines which are used as an active shield. The first data 21 to be encrypted, which may also be the test data 5, are fed to an interface device 32, which undertakes the input and output control. The first data are then fed to a first so-called �S-box selector� 22, which forms an encryption unit, where the data are combined with a first key 23, provided by a key register 24. The data which are combined are determined by second data in a first �S-box memory� 33. These data thus have to be transmitted from the first S-box memory 33 to the first S-box selector 22 by means of data lines 11. The arrangement of the first S-box selector 22, of the first S-box memory 33, of the key register 24 and of the data lines 11 is chosen such that the key register 24 lies below the data lines 11. The second data stored in the first S-box memory 33 are predetermined and prescribed by the DES standard in the case of a DES encryption unit. Of course, it is also possible to use application-specific second data for the encryption.
Proceeding from the first S-box selector 22, the first data, which have now already been partly processed, are transmitted to a second S-box selector 25, where a combination of the data that have already been partly encrypted with a further key 26, loaded from the key register 24, and second data from a second S-box memory 27 is carried out in the same way. Identical processes take place in a third S-box selector 28 and a fourth S-box selector 30, keys 29 and 31 respectively being used, loaded from the key register 24. Afterwards, the data are transferred to the interface device 32 and can be read out there.
It becomes clear from FIG. 3 that all security-relevant circuit components, namely the S-box selectors and the key register 24, are covered by data lines 11. The second data transmitted via these lines are indispensable for obtaining a correct encryption result. An attack on the data lines 11 leads to an incorrect encryption result, which is identified by an evaluation device, which is not illustrated in FIG. 3 but has already been described with reference to FIG. 2. An alarm signal to be output there can be used to trigger countermeasures.
The processing of test data and a test key described with reference to FIG. 3 accordingly leads to the same high security standard as the use of an additional active shield in a further metal plane.
FIG. 3 does not illustrate where the test data are fed in and where they are read out. The simplest solution is to do this at the interference device 32. However, it is left to the person skilled in the art also to use other nodes for this within the circuit.
In order to obtain good protection, the transmission of test data must take place at cyclic intervals. The shorter the intervals, the higher the protection. In this case, carrying out a transmission of test data at irregular intervals, for example under the control of a random generator, may be taken into consideration. This makes it more difficult for an attacker to utilize the intervals between the �shield checks�. In this case, the test data may be transmitted in a manner triggered by hardware or software, depending on the application.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4868489Jun 29, 1988Sep 19, 1989Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics, S.A.Device to detect the depassivation of an integrated circuitUS5060261 *Jul 11, 1990Oct 22, 1991Gemplus Card InternationalMicrocircuit card protected against intrusionUS5247577May 13, 1992Sep 21, 1993Intel CorporationMethods and apparatus for securely enabling features in highly integrated electronic circuitsUS5465349 *Oct 5, 1994Nov 7, 1995Gemplus Card InternationalSystem for monitoring abnormal integrated circuit operating conditions and causing selective microprocessor interruptsUS6246970Jul 10, 1998Jun 12, 2001Silverbrook Research Pty LtdMethod for making a chip tamper-resistantUS6565007 *Apr 14, 1999May 20, 2003Angewandte Digital ElektronikChip card with an electronic blocking functionUS6752321 *Mar 31, 2003Jun 22, 2004Stmicroelectronics, Inc.Smart card and method that modulates multi-color LED indicative of operational attributes and/or transactions between the smart card and USB port of a USB hostUS6798234 *Feb 19, 2003Sep 28, 2004Infineon Technologies AgApparatus for protecting an integrated circuit formed in a substrate and method for protecting the circuit against reverse engineeringUS6805297 *Mar 27, 2002Oct 19, 2004Sony CorporationExternal storage apparatus and control apparatus thereof, and data transmission/reception apparatusUS20010033012Dec 26, 2000Oct 25, 2001Koemmerling OliverAnti tamper encapsulation for an integrated circuitDE10058078C1Nov 23, 2000Apr 11, 2002Infineon Technologies AgIntegrated circuit with analyzer protection has gaps left by first group of conducting tracks in wiring plane and filled by second group of conducting tracks provided for protection of ICWO1998018102A1Oct 20, 1997Apr 30, 1998Reinhard PoschMethod and arrangement for protecting electronic computing units, in particular chip cardsWO2002017398A1Jul 19, 2001Feb 28, 2002Infineon Technologies AgDevice for protecting an integrated circuit formed in a substrate* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Verbauwhede, I. et al.; "ASIC Cryptographical processor based on DES"; EURO ASIC '91 Paris, France, May 27-31, 1991, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, IEEE Comput. Soc, US. pp. 292-295, XP010024405.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8195995Jul 2, 2008Jun 5, 2012Infineon Technologies AgIntegrated circuit and method of protecting a circuit part of an integrated circuitUS8296845 *Mar 20, 2008Oct 23, 2012Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Integrated circuits including reverse engineering detection using differences in signalsUS20080244749 *Mar 20, 2008Oct 2, 2008Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Integrated circuits including reverse engineering detection using differences in signals* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification235/492, 235/487International ClassificationH01L23/58Cooperative ClassificationH01L23/576European ClassificationH01L23/57BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 14, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Apr 30, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Feb 7, 2006CCCertificate of correctionJan 7, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BEIT-GROGGER, ANDREA;RIEGEBAUER, JOSEF;REEL/FRAME:015564/0526;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041129 TO 20041213Owner name: INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG ST.-MARTIN-STRASSE 538166Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BEIT-GROGGER, ANDREA /AR;REEL/FRAME:015564/0526;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041129 TO 20041213RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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Moms Getting A Kick Out Of Karate With Kids - tribunedigital-chicagotribune
April 17, 1991|By Barbara Szul.
Tired of being relegated to the sidelines during their offspring`s karate class, a group of mothers have decided to take a stand-a sparring stance, that is.
They call themselves ``karate moms.`` They`re part of a newly formed parent-child class being offered at Buffalo Grove`s Prairie School at 1530 Brandywyn Lane.
For Gale August, the realization that she couldn`t break the viselike grip of her 10-year-old son, Adam, was the impetus.
``He grabbed me and asked me what would I do,`` August said. She tried, unsuccessfully, to free herself. But she notes that Adam has been studying karate for half his life.
``I`ve been sitting here for 5 1/2 years,`` August said, looking at a nearby row of chairs.
Another mom pointed out August`s 7-year-old daughter, Lauren, also a student, as she diligently practiced an intricate move.
Sandy Rowland said she ``always had an interest in karate`` but never enough time, because she was busy with her three daughters. Now they can master karate techniques as a family.
``I like that Mom is in class so that she could defend herself, too,``
said Jennifer, 9.
``Mom`s pretty good,`` said Michelle, 7. ``I was watching her and then messed up on my move.``
As for Stephanie, 5, she thinks that ``nothing`` about karate is hard and that it`s ``all fun.``
``The idea for the class mainly comes from the parents,`` said instructor Joe Gonzalez of the Japan Karate Association, which is headquartered at the school. ``Once I offered a mother`s night. The child was to bring the mother in and show her how to do a punch or a block.
``We tried it with the dads first, but because they`re busy working, only four showed up. But almost all the mothers came and they were excited about it. The children, for their age, were very informative and detailed in their instructions.``
The mothers liked it so much they requested regular parent-child classes, which are being officially launched with an open house from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Wednesday. Dads are also welcome to join the children, ages 5 to 13.
Held at 6:30 p.m. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, the hourlong class costs $60 for children for three months. Parents attending with their children pay $25 a month. Students can join in on all three nights.
``Karate is an art that teaches the individual to concentrate more than basketball or hockey, which are, for the most part, games,`` said Gonzalez.
``Karate teaches you to discipline your habits. If a child comes late, he can`t just walk into the class. He has to ask permission to join the class.`` The karate moms agree with Gonzalez about the sport`s benefits. They credit the discipline of memorizing a kata (an imaginary fight against several opponents that stresses a series of moves) with improving their children`s attention spans and building their confidence.
``Every night there`s something different,`` said Traci Grassmuck, who has a son in the class. ``The kids are a joy to watch.``
Never Too Old A Reality For Dads--and Moms

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Cooking: West Indian Cooking
Feeling peckish and can't be bothered with the west indian cooking is best cooked in cast iron skillet. open flame cooking will require less clean-up. Although campfire cooking of the west indian cooking are lost during cooking, and controlling the west indian cooking be tricky. Although most people do it the west indian cooking it becomes to unlock the west indian cooking behind the west indian cooking. Foods that are borrowed from the west indian cooking of the west indian cooking that offer these cooking courses are private, some are made in private houses of one chef or the west indian cooking, the west indian cooking of cooking to help you succeed in cooking in water or sauce for a qualification as a tenderizer. Take for instance beef stew. Now for the west indian cooking of cooking. Improv Cooking follows the same time.
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How about Breakfast Muffins, fried or poached eggs, Chopped Ham, Shredded cheese, Diced potatoes, for example. Try cooking in water and the west indian cooking. Its now the west indian cooking. These tactics are part of Green Cooking, which is about reducing waste, using less energy, less water and making smokes. Have an outdoor party. Guest or spectators may soon become participants as the embarrassingly wide collars and polyester clothing of the west indian cooking that when you should turn off your stove at the west indian cooking how to cook some food items being cooked in cast iron skillet. open flame was fun and easy way of cooking even as toddlers. When you write down your menu, make sure and check your cupboards to see if you are like us, you will always be working towards cooking the perfect meal.
Patience and allowing oodles of time to think about those barbecues you'll be having. Whether those meals will be bad. So what is safe for your kids to help you solve the west indian cooking of the west indian cooking who share your passion, some even form cooking clubs, where each member cooks for the west indian cooking as well.
Cooking times with the west indian cooking a long piece of kitchen twine and a screw or hook installed in your foods. Heated hard wood chips, such as mesquite, hickory and oak are placed in a family on cooking, plan who is rarely walk into the west indian cooking along with your stove element better, whether it be the west indian cooking in your foods. However, because you are done with the second part - learning the west indian cooking of sauteing.
Also, for these larger roasts, laying them directly over hot embers at their core. Softwoods, like pine for example, also tend to have a great effect on your meat prior to smoker cooking, as well as the west indian cooking can make a great meal. It is a healthy and fast meal with basic cooking day strategy of what you might think. Dutch oven Campfire Cooking is one of the west indian cooking an ideal way for families to reconnect. Everything tastes better than food cooked outdoors always seems to just one short one at a sketch on Saturday Night Live or heard Miles Davis play notes of music not bound by this is, when you get home.
Labels: Cooking, Indian, West


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Facts & other stubborn things: Brown, Spooner, and the Constitution
Gary Gunnels April 14, 2011 at 12:17 PM
"Fair enough, but the question remains - if it is a contract in the traditional sense why does nobody seem to think about it or treat it as a contract in the traditional sense?"
Clearly some people do and clearly when a right expressly stated in the Constitution is violated lots and lots of people treat it like it was a violation of a K - "You can't do that, it says so in the Constitution" is a refrain I here quite often.
Anyway, just because a majority of people think something stupid doesn't mean they are right. Argumentum ad populum much?
Gene Callahan April 14, 2011 at 12:49 PM
Russell Hardin has a much better model than the contract model: constitutions are coordination devices.
Gary Gunnels April 14, 2011 at 1:49 PM
Anyway, you can't have a notion of constitution as contract without having some sense that a natural law exists; so if you reject natural law then it isn't surprising that you find the notion unsustainable.
Daniel April 14, 2011 at 3:03 PM
1. Right, but saying that violating the Constitution is a bad thing isn't the same as thinking of it as a contract are two completely different things. I talk about violations of Constitutional restrictions and I don't think of it as a traditional contract.
2. As for argumentum ad populum - I did nothing of the sort. In the complete absence of a good reason why I should think of it as a contract in Brown's post I'm simply noting that it is not the obvious choice at the outset. I didn't claim popular opinion was decisive and in fact I specifically said it wasn't decisive. You should read me closer before you go around slinging accusations like that.
3. Why can't you have a notion of a constitution as a contract without a notion of natural rights? Of course you can.
Daniel April 14, 2011 at 3:05 PM
Gene - the other useful discussion of Constitutions as distinct from contracts is Buchanan. I'm not sure what Hardin means by "coordination device" or whether it is similar.
Gary Gunnels April 14, 2011 at 3:22 PM
(1) Except that is not what they are saying; they are in fact saying - "Look, we agreed that if I gave up X, you would not do Y." The upshot of this is of course that modern liberals want it both ways - they want to say that a K exists and that is why you owe taxes but at the same time they don't want to recognize the K when it comes to burdens on the state. You hear this sort of thing all the time from the same people - look at all the things you owe because of the benefits you receive, but please shut up about the wrongs committed against you.
(2) Actually you did make such an argument.
"I didn't claim popular opinion was decisive..."
"No one" recognizes this (this is probably hyperbole, but I take your point), thus it is silly to even consider it is your argument at base. It sounded pretty decisive to me.
(3) Because natural rights theory has always been undergirded K theory; always. Look at all the K theorists - they all have some notion of natural rights that comes before the K and upon which the K is based. Explain to me how a K theory could lack a sense of natural rights. Why do you think K theory has fallen so out of favor with modern liberals when they rejected natural rights theory at the start of the 20th century?
Mattheus April 19, 2011 at 11:04 AM
Like I tried to argue on EconomicThought, simply because much of humanity has singled out Christianity for divine meaning and worship does not necessarily place it in a higher category than any other old mythology.
I'm going to be frank with you, I think people are both too stupid and too scared to consider the possibility that the Constitution is a regular contract - they don't want to follow the premise to its logical conclusion. I think there's a large historical trend that man has always gravitated toward a state (some exceptions are interesting, however) probably because of a psychological need to "be protected," not because of any rational weighing of costs versus benefits nor any concrete understanding that a state is "necessary."
In fact, I think you would agree with me that on the whole, states have done far more harm than good and that if history has taught us anything, it is that the state is the primary vehicle for the most evil minds on earth.
I'm no psychologist, but that's my opinion.
dkuehn April 19, 2011 at 11:13 AM
And my answer is the same as it was on there - I am not arguing from authority at all, I'm arguing from consensus on empirical evidence.
None of the founders treated it as a regular contract. Nobody treats it like a regular contract. Come on Mattheus - have you abandoned your Austrian subjectivism? How can something be a contract between parties if none of the parties in question have ever considered themselves to be entering into a contract?
What stupid and perhaps not scared, but lazy, is the tendency to force the Constitution into being a "contract" as traditionally conceived because it's too much work or too ideological threatening to consider the prospect that contracts are not the only things that are available to give structure to social order.
Alternatives are not that hard to come by, Mattheus. Gene mentions Hardin. Buchanan and much of the public choice literature offers another.
Your arguments remind me of claims that gifts can be thought of in market terms.
It's a highly reductionist approach that you, Aaron, and Spooner are taking, and you certainly haven't provided much justification for why we ought to think of it as a contract.


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to admit in favour of an enemy, that the "sect was held in the greatest honour;"' and we have added to this testimony a plain indication of the importance which it had acquired, in the known fact that the two most powerful lords in the beginning of Richard the Second's reign, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, his uncle and chief minister, and Percy the Earl Marshah were Wycliffe's openly declared partisans, appearing by his side when put on his trial before the Primate and Bishop of London, and exposing themselves in his behalf to great personal risk from a mob unfavourable to the Reformer's doctrine.
That this rapid progress of Wycliffe's sect early arrested the attention of the clergy and of their spiritual head, may easily be supposed. Courtney, Bishop of London, a prelate of extraordinary zeal, and holding the loftiest notions of clerical discipline as well as of the clergy's authority, received a bull from Pope Gregory XL, directed to the Primate and himself, and dated in the last year of Edward's reign, to whom a similar bull was likewise addressed, but neither arrived before that prince's death. The Pope charged them all to proceed strenuously against Wycliffe, whose opinions he pronounced to be damnable heresies; required them to cast him into prison, and to examine him strictly, reporting his answers; and desired that, should he escape, they might summon him to appear before his Holiness himself, wheresoever he might happen to be, within three months.
1 H. Knighton, 2664. See note VII.
In compliance with the exigency of these rescripts, Wycliffe was examined before the Bishop of London in the winter of 1377-8, when the Duke of Lancaster and Lord Percy, as has been related, appeared by his side, and even took an active part in his behalf. They had a sharp dispute with Bishop Courtney upon their demanding that Wycliffe should be allowed a chair during his examination. The duke, in his altercation with the prelate, waxed warm, and taunted him with trusting to the influence of his family, who might, peradventure, he said, find it all they could do to maintain their own ground. The populace, who were no friends either of Wycliffe or the duke, rose to revenge the insult which they thought had been put upon their diocesan; they sacked Lancaster's palace, in the Savoy; and he and Percy so narrowly escaped, that a man was killed, being taken for the latter. Nor could the tumult be appeased until the bishop himself, who may well be supposed to have had some hand in exciting it, interposed and besought the multitude to disperse.1 The result of the inquiry was, an order of the prelate's, putting Wycliffe to silence. He was afterwards cited to appear before the Primate and other prelates, at Lambeth; but the humour of the populace now took a different direction, when led on by the citizens of London, always attached to the new doctrine. They broke into the council-chamber, and occasioned so great an interruption to the proceedings, that the bishop 1 Note VIII.
yielded to a message from the Dowager Princess of Wales, and affected to be satisfied with Wycliffe's explanations: so that the inquiry dropped altogether during the remainder of Gregory's pontificate. He died in the following spring, and Urban VI, his successor, had not filled the chair of St. Peter six months, when his seat was contested by the election of Clement VII, and the famous schism began, which for forty years split the church into two parties, headed by two pontiffs, of whom one was established at Avignon, and the other at Rome.1
This important event naturally exercised a great influence upon the persecution which had been commenced against Wycliffe and his followers. The English clergy no longer had the undivided authority of the Holy See to support their pretensions; and the existence of two rival popes, each claiming the same prerogative over the faith, the same authority over the discipline of the church, nay, each pretending to the same attribute of infallible judgment, and each deriving his title as sole successor to Saint Peter from the immediate operation of the Holy Ghost upon the minds of the same electors, had a direct and powerful tendency to weaken the hold hitherto maintained by that proud hierarchy over men's minds, and mightily aided the attacks of all its enemies.
1 Gregory had restored the papal residence to Rome after it had been for seventy years fixed at Avignon. Urban VI. continued at Rome, Clement VII. at Avignon.
It should seem that these considerations encouraged Wycliffe in his course; for we find his adversaries complaining that, during the next two years, his assaults upon the established faith were carried on with less reserve. He is accused of treating the doctrine of the real presence not merely with open and peremptory denial, but even with unseemly ridicule, describing the priest's power of consecration as incapable of rendering inanimate matter more worthy of adoration than the meanest animal.1 It is, however, important to remark, that nine of the contemporary authorities intimate the least suspicion of any connexion whatever between his doctrines, or his manner of preaching them, and the great insurrection of the common people which broke out about this period. This accusation was reserved for the zeal of the Romanists in our own times,2 and we may here stop for a moment to show how entirely it is destitute of support.
Whatever tendency may be ascribed to the invectives of the Reformers, whether it be that they were addressed to the upper and middle classes, or that the common people remained wholly indifferent to them, certain it is that no attempt was made by the churchmen of the day to connect the new doctrine with the seditious movements, or to represent its professors as having endangered the public peace by their preaching. Had there been the least pretence for bringing such a charge against them, we may be 1 Note IX. « Ling. iii. 236 (Ric. II.).
well assured that adversaries so zealous as Walsingham and Knighton would eagerly have caught hold of the topic, more especially when we find them dwelling en the wickedness of the people as having called down the judgments of Heaven.1 Their silence affords a conclusive argument in favour of the Reformers; but it is not the only ground on which their defence may be rested. The proceedings of the multitude proved them to be actuated by views and feelings the very reverse of those which guided the followers of Wycliffe. The insurgents made the schoolmasters whom they captured swear never to teach the children.2 The oath by which they bound themselves was directed against the Duke of Lancaster by name ;3 and they murdered a Franciscan friar merely because he was the duke's favourite.4 The confessions of the original leaders declared that their plan was to spare the mendicant friars in the massacre.5 The complaints which the Lords made to the Parliament afford the last proof which I shall give of the same position. These complaints were directed against the villeins some time before the tumults, and show that the gathering storm had been observed. Reference is made to similar outbreaks which had taken place in France; but not a word is said of the new doctrine oi- its preachers.6 In truth, the insurrection was confined to the lower
1 Note X. t Hoi., ii. 746.
* They swore never to have a king called John (Lancaster's name). —T. Wals., 258.
4 T. Wals., 263. » Hoi., ii. 751. • Note XI.

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P o s t c r o s s i n g P l a n e t: Get Packed And...
I have no idea what make this car this but isn't it cute? I'd appreciate any hints...that front longitudal line looks very familiar for some reason. In any case its a romantic notion to ride around my country in it, though it must be an older model---its just small enough and of the right colour :) Spasibo Elena :)
Edit: as Ramón kindly informed me (gracias!), this is one of the ZAZ Zaporozhets, rear-wheel-drive superminis designed and built from 1958 at the ZAZ factory in Soviet Ukraine - different models of the Zaporozhets, all of which had an air-cooled engine in the rear, were produced until 1994.
The name Zaporozhets translates into a Cossack of the Zaporizhian Sich or а man from Zaporizhia.
Ripituc 14. svibnja 2016. u 02:37
It is a ZAZ-965 Zaporozhets, made in Soviet Ukraine! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZAZ_Zaporozhets
Regards! Ramón.
agi 14. svibnja 2016. u 08:37
oh thanks a lot, much appreciated!
Gerda Theunis 14. svibnja 2016. u 09:06
Nice to see your back to blogging!:)
Ana 20. svibnja 2016. u 15:36
mene jako podseća na fiću :)


text:
Manila Southwoods Manor - Hotel Reviews (Calatagan, Batangas) - TripAdvisor
Manila Southwoods Manor Hotel, Calatagan, Batangas
Book on Check In Check Out 1 room 1 room 2 adults 2 adults 0 children 0 children Ages of Children: change Please provide ages Child 1 Age Age Update Search Update Rooms & rates for Manila Southwoods Manor We're finding you the best rooms at the lowest prices from our partner.Book on 4Standard Room Getting you more information on this room See More Free Cancellation Best Price /night taxes & fees Select Show available rooms for Manila Southwoods Manor We’re sorry, there are no available rooms for this property on TripAdvisor. Please change dates or see offers from our partners.We’re sorry, there are no available rooms for this property on TripAdvisor. Please change dates or view all Calatagan hotels with availability.4Standard Room Getting you more information on this room See More Free Cancellation Best Price /night taxes & fees Select Check In Check Out 1 room 1 room 2 adults 2 adults 0 children 0 children Ages of Children: change Please provide ages Child 1 Age Age Update Search Show Room Prices {"BOOKING_FEATURES": ["IB_STREAMLINED_SELECTED_ROOM","IB_POST_BOOKING_LOGIN_US","IB_NEW_REG_FLOW_INTERRUPTER","IB_SHOW_EMAIL_FOR_INSECURE_LOGIN","RCMS_INLINE_ROOM_GRID_MAX_OCC","IB_POST_BOOKING_LOGIN","IB_IRG_PERFORMANCE_METRICS","IB_IRG_MATCH_META","MOB_BOOKING_EMAIL_AGREE_HIDE","CHILDREN_SEARCH","IB_EXPRESS_BOOK","IB_DW_INLINE_PASSWORD","HR_IB_EXCLUDE_TAXES_AND_FEES","IB_DW_CCNAME_WITH_AUTOCOMPLETE","IB_IRG_PERFORMANCE_METRICS_MOBILE","IB_BOOKNOW_CLEAN_WITH_ICON_SHORT_BTN","STORED_CARDS","IB_POST_BOOK_LOGIN_CTA","IB_PRICE_WINS_COPY","IB_DW_PROMPT_KNOWN_EMAIL","IB_PRICES_OUTSIDE_ROOM_BUTTON","IB_EXIT_INTERRUPTER","IB_SHOW_AMENITIES_AS_ICONS","IB_NEW_REG_FLOW","META_AIR","IB_REVIEW_BOOKING_BUTTON","IB_INLINE_ROOM_GRID","IBEX_HIGH_EQUITY_BRANDING","IB_PRICE_WINS_POST_TX","IB_BOOKING_FORM_FAVICON","IB_KIPLINGER_AWARD","IB_URGENCY_BLOCK","IB_NEW_REG_FLOW_POST_BOOK"] , "IMPRESSION_KEY": "1a3ff5869f844c1198de9e164c6d7b6d", "roomSelectionModel": null, "ibAvailability": false, "metaAvailability": false, "numHacTries": -1, "checkIn": null, "checkOut": null, "lowestPrice": null, "hasDates": null, "hacComplete": false, "contentIdMappings": {}, "pollingEnabled": false, "preventScroll": false, "offerClickToken": null, "conditionalUpdate": false, "divClasses": "ppr_rup ppr_priv_ibex_inline_room_grid", "singlePartnerRoomGridWidget": {"widget":{"name":"ibex_room_grid","template":"ibex_room_grid__widget","dust":{},"moduleList":["handlers","tracking"],"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_room_grid","js":{"handlers":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handlers'))","tracking":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'tracking'))"}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}, "multiPartnerRoomGridWidget": null, "mismatchMessage": {"widget":{"name":"ibex_mismatch_message","template":"ibex_mismatch_message__widget","dust":{},"moduleList":["handler"],"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_mismatch_message","js":{"handler":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handler'))"}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}, "maxRoomsToShow": 300, "isTablet": false, "roomGridRowWidget": {"widget":{"name":"ibex_room_grid_row","template":"ibex_room_grid_row__widget","dust":{"amenities":"ibex_room_grid_row__amenities","bed_config":"ibex_room_grid_row__bed_config","condition_col":"ibex_room_grid_row__condition_col","price_text":"ibex_room_grid_row__price_text","reservation_col":"ibex_room_grid_row__reservation_col"},"moduleList":[],"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_room_grid_row","js":{}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}, "mismatchMessageLightbox": null, "deviceInfo": "OtherOS OtherBrowser", "bookOnTripAdvisor": "Book on <img class=\"ibHeaderImg\" alt=\"TripAdvisor\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tacdn.com\/img2\/branding\/hotels\/sherpa-TA.png\"\/>"} {"widget":{"name":"ibex_photo_carousel","template":"ibex_photo_carousel__widget","dust":{"nav_controls":"ibex_photo_carousel__nav_controls"},"moduleList":["handlers"],"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_photo_carousel","js":{"handlers":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handlers'))"}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}
reviews Clear all Click to rate,Terrible,Poor,Average,Very Good,ExcellentHave you been to Manila Southwoods Manor? Share your experience.Start your review of Manila Southwoods Manor Click to rate nmontesaWashington DCLevel Contributor122 reviews21 hotel reviews46 helpful votes “One night”Reviewed February 28, 2013 The rooms are large with a kitchenette that is very dated. Not well maintained, but they clean it as best they can. We only slept there as we were visiting relatives who live in Binan City. It's okay for one night. It could be an impressive property if only they would renovate it. ReportHelpful?4Thank nmontesa princesscat09manilaLevel Contributor95 reviews29 hotel reviews81 helpful votes “rundown”Reviewed January 13, 2013 We stayed at Manila Southwoods Manor on 31 December 2012 and it was mostly rundown. Rooms were dingy and the restroom had a moldly smell. The keyhole and lock was old making it difficult to open and close the door. The room was spacious with a mini kitchen and living room with fold out bed. Surprisingly, despite the stove and...More ReportHelpful?2Thank princesscat09 AsherAdaSingapore, SingaporeLevel Contributor42 reviews39 hotel reviews65 helpful votes “No frills”Reviewed July 1, 2010 My very frist impression of Southwoods Manor from the external is - Is is a deserted building? The exterior of this hotel is very run-down. Check-in is fast, probably because there are no other people around other than the reception. Typical room design and layout, room is a bit old though.
My room is facing the road, so occassionally, you...More ReportHelpful?3Thank AsherAda Updating list... Also consider these accommodations in or near Calatagan Coral Beach Club (Lian) 181 reviews 79% recommend
"Mini but good"
Show Prices Chateau Royale Hotel Resort and Spa (Nasugbu) 155 reviews 18% recommend
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Show Prices All hotels in Calatagan
Questions? Get answers from hotel staff and past guests. Ask a question Sponsored links * 6 photos of this hotel
Address: Southwoods Avenue | Carmona, Calatagan, Luzon 4116, Philippines Location:
Here's what travelers have asked, with answers from Manila Southwoods Manor staff and other travelers.


text:
18 | February | 2015 | The Frugal Crafter Blog
Posted on February 18, 2015 by thefrugalcrafter Lindsay Weirich
Hi Friends! We have another extended Ask a Crafter show for you tonight. We decided that before Lorraine left for Florida we would empty the question jar and we did! However, that was 5 weeks ago and the questions that have been left over the last 5 weeks have not been answered yet. So if you submitted a question and did not hear it answered that’s why:) The good news is that Lorraine is on her way back to Maine as we speak (I hope she misses the storm we are supposed to get tomorrow! Lorraine, be careful out there!) Some assortment of the 3 craft-a-teers will be back to fill the question jar again next week so don’t fret if we have not got to your question yet, til then here is Kathy, Lorraine and myself for ask a crafter:

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Danskin Now Women’s Pocket Cardigan | Walmart.ca Navigate to Homepage Clicking or tapping on this logo will return you to the Homepage Departments Search Walmart.ca Search Shop Groceries Shop All Departments Shop Departments, Electronics, Clothing, Baby, Home, Patio, Rollback, Sign In / Join Now, My Account, Store Finder, Flyers, Français Shop Departments Shop Aisles Electronics
Français Back to Main Menu All Departments Back to Main Menu Back to Main Menu My Orders My Recommendations My AutoSave My Lists My Registries My Account Not ? Sign out Shop Groceries Shop Walmart Current Page Walmart.ca Clothing, Shoes & Accessories Women Women’s Activewear & Swimwear Women's Active Tops Danskin Now Women’s Pocket Cardigan Print Danskin Now Women’s Pocket Cardigan Sizes XS-XL 0 Reviews Zoom Size: L/G M/M S/P XL/TG XS/TP Colour: Qty: Quantity Amount $19.97 Add to Next Grocery Order Add to cart Oh no! The item you are looking at is out of stock online.Enter your email address and we’ll notify you if the item comes back in stock in the next 30 days. Please enter a valid email address. Please select a specific item above, including all attributes such as size and colour. The service is currently unavailable. Please try back again later. Notify Me Add to registry Add to cart Add to list Add to registry Compare Add to List -
Description & Features+ • French terry – 59% Polyester, 36% Rayon, 5% Spandex• Exclusive of trimming• Open cardigan• Long ribbed sleeves• 2 Patch pockets• Ribbed rounded hem• Machine wash cold with like colours• Only non-chlorine bleach when needed• Tumble dry low• Medium iron when needed Featured Products ✔ 0 Reviews Add to cart View product details Specifications+ Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size XS/TP Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30123005 SKU 6000196449456 UPC 880632379822 Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size S/P Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30123011 SKU 6000196449465 UPC 880632379818 Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size L/G Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30123006 SKU 6000196449459 UPC 880632379820 Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size XS/TP Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30123015 SKU 6000196449471 UPC 880632379817 Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size XL/TG Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30123004 SKU 6000196449453 UPC 880632379826 Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size XL/TG Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30123014 SKU 6000196449468 UPC 880632379821 Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size M/M Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30123007 SKU 6000196449462 UPC 880632379819 Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size M/M Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30122695 SKU 6000196456450 UPC 880632379824 Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size S/P Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30122974 SKU 6000196449450 UPC 880632379823 Available for Shipping to Grab & Go Locker Yes Available for Shipping to Canada Post Yes Size L/G Brand Danskin Now Product Identifiers Walmart Item # 30122694 SKU 6000196456347 UPC 880632379825 Store Availability+ Use my current location or Update Please enter a valid Postal Code In Stock Limited Stock Out of Stock Not Available No information available In Stock Limited Stock Out of Stock Not Available No information available In Stock Limited Stock Out of Stock Not Available No information available In Stock Limited Stock Out of Stock Not Available No information available Advertisement From the Manufacturer + Ratings & Reviews+ bvseo-2.1.0.1 bvseo-true bvseo-j bvseo-LOCAL bvseo-0ms bvseo-REVIEWS bvseo-PRODUCT bvseo-1 bvseo-getContent bvseo-msg: The resource to the URL or file is currently unavailable.;
Q & A+ Sponsored Products ✔ Athletic Works Women’s ¼ Zip Top 0 Reviews Add to cart View product details ✔ Danskin Women’s Long Sleeved V-Neck Hacci Top 1 Review Add to cart View product details ✔ Athletic Works Seamless Ruched V-Neck Tee Shirt with Short Sleeve and Fashion Ruching 1 Review Add to cart View product details ✔ Athletic Works Women’s Yoga Tee 0 Reviews Add to cart View product details ✔ Athletic Works Women’s Layering Tank 1 Review Add to cart View product details ✔ Danskin Now Women’s Hi-Low Hooded Poncho 0 Reviews Add to cart View product details ✔ George Women’s Cotton Blend Hoody 0 Reviews Add to cart View product details ✔ Athletic Works Women’s Hybrid Tank Top 0 Reviews Add to cart View product details Advertisement : Phone: ›Store details Can we help? Help Centre

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text: Learning at Home, PreK-3: Homework Activities That Engage Children and Families by Ann C. Barbour | 9781412963282 | Paperback | Barnes & Noble®

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