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US9021026B2 - System and method for enhanced experience with a peer to peer network - Google Patents
US9021026B2
US9021026B2 US11/935,747 US93574707A US9021026B2 US 9021026 B2 US9021026 B2 US 9021026B2 US 93574707 A US93574707 A US 93574707A US 9021026 B2 US9021026 B2 US 9021026B2
US11/935,747
US20080140780A1 (en
2007-11-06 Priority to US11/935,747 priority patent/US9021026B2/en
2007-11-06 Application filed by Tiversa IP Inc filed Critical Tiversa IP Inc
2008-06-12 Publication of US20080140780A1 publication Critical patent/US20080140780A1/en
2015-04-28 Publication of US9021026B2 publication Critical patent/US9021026B2/en
(b) receiving a search request from the first node at the enhanced connection node, wherein the enhanced connection node is configured to perform filtering options that include:
(i) dropping the search request;
(ii) modifying the search request and forwarding the modified search request from the enhanced connection node to the other nodes or a limited number of other nodes in the P2P network; and
(iii) forwarding the search request from the enhanced connection node to the other nodes or the limited number of other nodes in the P2P network;
(d) collecting, at the enhanced connection node and in response to filtering the search request at the enhanced connection node by performing one of the modifying the search request or forwarding the search request options, responses to the forwarded search request or the modified search request from the other nodes or the limited number of other nodes in the P2P network, and thereafter performing at least the following steps at the enhanced connection node:
(i) determining whether a P2P user of the first node is searching for files that should not be shared based on the collected responses;
(ii) filtering said collected responses, the filtering including dropping and blocking collected responses that contain at least one of the following: files that should not be shared and erroneous files or filenames; and
(iii) adding additional content to said collected responses, wherein the additional content depends upon and relates to the forwarded search request or the modified search request, and forwarding said additional content and at least some of said collected responses to the first node; and
(c) the software on the enhanced connection node that receives the search request from the first node, wherein the enhanced connection node is configured to perform filtering options including:
(i) drop the search request;
(ii) modify the search request and forward the modified search request from the enhanced connection node to the other nodes or a limited number of other nodes in the P2P network; and
(iii) forward the search request from the enhanced connection node to the other nodes or the limited number of other nodes in the P2P network;
(e) the software on the enhanced connection node that, in response to filtering the search request at the enhanced connection node by performing one of the forwarding the search request or modifying the search request options, collects, at the enhanced connection node, responses to the forwarded search request or the modified search request, and thereafter performs at least the following at the enhanced connection node:
(i) determines whether a P2P user of the first node is searching for files that should not be shared;
(ii) filters said collected responses, the filtering including dropping and blocking collected responses that contain at least one of the following: files that should not be shared and erroneous files or filenames;
(iii) ranks said collected responses; and
(iv) adds additional content to said collected responses, wherein the additional content depends upon and relates to the forwarded search request or the modified search request, and forwards said additional content and at least some of said collected responses to the first node; and
(b) receiving a search request from the first node at the enhanced connection node, wherein the enhanced connection node is configured to perform filtering options that includes:
US11/935,747 2006-11-07 2007-11-06 System and method for enhanced experience with a peer to peer network Active 2029-06-22 US9021026B2 (en)
US11/935,747 US9021026B2 (en) 2006-11-07 2007-11-06 System and method for enhanced experience with a peer to peer network
US14/689,182 US20150334180A1 (en) 2006-11-07 2015-04-17 System and method for enhanced experience with a peer-to-peer network
US14/689,182 Continuation US20150334180A1 (en) 2006-11-07 2015-04-17 System and method for enhanced experience with a peer-to-peer network
US20080140780A1 US20080140780A1 (en) 2008-06-12
US9021026B2 true US9021026B2 (en) 2015-04-28
US11/935,747 Active 2029-06-22 US9021026B2 (en) 2006-11-07 2007-11-06 System and method for enhanced experience with a peer to peer network
US14/689,182 Abandoned US20150334180A1 (en) 2006-11-07 2015-04-17 System and method for enhanced experience with a peer-to-peer network
Kim, K., and Park , D., "Subway: Peer-to-Peer Clustering of Clients for Web Proxy," Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, [on line, Retrieved on Sep. 25, 2007]. Retrieved from the Internet URL:http://66.102.1.104/scholar?h1=en&1r=&q=cache:Cljbt8-S9ckJ:ideal.cecs.missouri.edu/IMC/papers/377PD . . .
Zhu, et al., "SDQE: Towards Automatic Semantic Query Optimization in P2P Systems," Information Processing & Management, 42(1), pp. 222-236 Oct. 26, 2006.
AU2007317889B2 (en) 2011-05-12
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HOPKINS, SAMUEL P.;BOBACK, ROBERT J.;GORMLEY, CHRISTOPHER L.;REEL/FRAME:020075/0085


text: Yahoo! AutosSponsoredJohn Goodman: America's Scene StealerFrom "Inside Llewyn Davis" to the upcoming "Monuments Men" with George Clooney, John Goodman has become America's go-to, larger-than-life guy.The Wall Street JournalSaveMore like thisRemoveThe Woman Who Edited 'Wolf of Wall Street'Martin Scorsese's longtime film editor Thelma Schoonmaker discusses the excruciating process of cutting the movieThe Wall Street JournalSaveMore like thisRemove PlayWhy John Heard Didn't Want to Be the 'Home Alone' DadIn part one of our interview with John Heard, the actor reveals the reason why he wanted to pass on his memorable role as Macaulay Culkin's dad in the "Home Alone" films — he was afraid of being typecast. Thankfully, he agreed to reprise his role in the sequel and, as a result, has an amazing story…Screen VideosSaveMore like thisRemove6 Simple Rules to Not Ruin a Screening Q&A (Guest Blog)Let me take you back several years to a Q&A of “All Good Things,” a tragic tale starring Kirsten Dunst. Or how about just the other week at a screening of the Coen brothers’ wonderfully heartbreaking and charming new film “Inside Llewyn Davis,” where one guy not only managed to insult John…The WrapSaveMore like thisRemoveTo be Meryl Streep, it takes workNEW YORK (AP) — "A big chunk of meat" is how Meryl Streep describes the sprawling, combative dinner scene at the core of "August: Osage County."Associated PressSaveMore like thisRemoveMarvel Finally Confirms Paul Rudd As ‘Ant-Man’Marvel is notoriously tight-lipped about its movies, so even after we told you yesterday that Paul Rudd has been tapped to play Ant-Man, it took the company until just now to admit the casting is true. Said producer Kevin Feige in a post this evening on Marvel.com: “When [director] Edgar Wright…Deadline.comSaveMore like thisRemoveDirectors on Their Teams: Nicole Holofcener on ‘Enough Said’In her fifth film, Fox Searchlight’s “Enough Said,” Nicole Holofcener wrote and directed a tale of middle-age romance, which is full of charm but has plenty of heartbreak as well. The film stars Julia Louis-Dreyfus and James Gandolfini as two people who are surprised to find that they are attracted…VarietySaveMore like thisRemoveBest & Worst 2013: Hollywood’s Wussiest Moves of the YearThe meek might inherit the earth — but nobody’s taking Hollywood by pussyfooting around. From AMC splitting the final season of “Mad Men” into two, to Sony barely being able to stand up to one shareholder, here are seven moves in entertainment that we weren’t necessarily impressed by. AMC splits…The WrapSaveMore like thisRemoveHow Christian Bale’s Combover Inspired the Opening of ‘American Hustle’For anyone heading to theaters to see "American Hustle" this weekend, here's a fun fact to keep in mind: The film's memorable opening scene, in which we meet con man Irving Rosenfeld (Christian Bale) in the midst of an elaborate procedure for covering his bald spot, was not supposed to be in the…Yahoo MoviesSaveMore like thisRemoveWhat’s a Typical Day for Ron Burgundy and the ‘Anchorman 2′ News Team?Watch Steve Carell and Will Ferrell in an exclusive 'Anchorman 2' clip: If you think you know all there is to know about "Anchorman 2" and its illustrious news team, comprised of Ron Burgundy, Brian Fantana, Champ Kind, and the incomparable Brick Tamland, we're happy to tell you that no, you don't.…Yahoo MoviesSaveMore like thisRemove PlayRio 2 Trailer 2 OfficialBlu, Jewel and their three kids venture into the Amazon in order for their kids to learn to live as real birds.Clevver MoviesSaveMore like thisRemove‘How to Train Your Dragon 2′ Trailer Sends Dragons to War (Video)DreamWorks Animation and 20th Century Fox have released the first full trailer for “How to Train Your Dragon 2,” and it looks like an epic addition to the first.The WrapSaveMore like thisRemoveWatch TV Shows and Movies On Your Favorite DeviceGet Unlimited streaming for only $7.99/month. Start your free month of streaming now.AdChoices

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AWESOME-----Show - Shanghai Acrobatic Dome, Shanghai Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor
AWESOME-----Show - Shanghai Acrobatic Dome
Review of Shanghai Acrobatic Dome
Being on tour in China for 15 days this was the last event that we did to round out our trip. The show was amazing from start to finish. The only thing different I would have changed was our seats. We sat towards the right of the stage getting only a side view of the show. Those who sat directly in front of the stage got to see the shadow effects cast off from the performers. The shadows also enhanced the show. From where we sat we didn't see any of this. But overall the talent of each performer is simply amazing. Many of the these stuntmen seemed fearless. You sit at the edge of your seat hoping no one falls. The show continues to build until they get to their last act. You will be completely thrilled with the entire show. The show begins at 7:30 with a 10 minute break about half way through. The final act takes place around 9 with the conclusion coming to an end at 9:15. Sadly to say, we felt that the show should have received a standing ovation but being that we were foreigners, we were not sure if this custom exists in China. Please note: Dress lightly because it was very warm inside. I'm not sure if they have air-conditioning but the night we were there it was not on. Well worth the money and your time to see, especially if...Being on tour in China for 15 days this was the last event that we did to round out our trip. The show was amazing from start to finish. The only thing different I would have changed was our seats. We sat towards the right of the stage getting only a side view of the show. Those who sat directly in front of the stage got to see the shadow effects cast off from the performers. The shadows also enhanced the show. From where we sat we didn't see any of this.
But overall the talent of each performer is simply amazing. Many of the these stuntmen seemed fearless. You sit at the edge of your seat hoping no one falls.
The show continues to build until they get to their last act. You will be completely thrilled with the entire show. The show begins at 7:30 with a 10 minute break about half way through. The final act takes place around 9 with the conclusion coming to an end at 9:15.
Sadly to say, we felt that the show should have received a standing ovation but being that we were foreigners, we were not sure if this custom exists in China.
Please note: Dress lightly because it was very warm inside. I'm not sure if they have air-conditioning but the night we were there it was not on.
Well worth the money and your time to see, especially if this is your last night in Shanghai or China.More
Ask Karen K about Shanghai Acrobatic Dome
Ways to Experience Shanghai Acrobatic Dome
All reviews acrobatic show death defying final act performers cage motorcyclists stage feats video china
We saw a totally amazing 1 hr. 45 minute acrobatic show that featured death-defying feats of skill, strength, and showmanship. There is a 10-minute intermission. The acrobatic show borrows much from Cirque du Soleil in terms of presentation and music--this is not a criticism--this is a compliment. I am still shaking my head at the last act in which 8 motorcyclists whirl around an enclosed metal mesh spherical cage, somehow not running into each other--which would be catastrophic. Has to be seen to be believed.
Ask RebelVirginia about Shanghai Acrobatic Dome
Ask Virrr777 about Shanghai Acrobatic Dome
* Shanghai Acrobatics School and Troupe.* Catch a performance by experienced breathtaking aerial tricks, balancing acts,multi-actions funny juggling,colorful costumes,and graceful Silk Ribbon Air Ballet Acrobatics Performance, the show that pleases all ages.
Ask Terry W about Shanghai Acrobatic Dome
All performers were absolutely perfect. Cyclist girls were out of world.
All items were worth praising . We enjoyed this show as real image of modern China.
Ask Bharat P about Shanghai Acrobatic Dome
An amazing and brilliant show of athletics, strength and talent. Not since I was a child have I held my breath out of concern (fear?) for the performers. But I must be honest...I worry for their future health, especially their back, knees, joints.
Ask LadyCritic about Shanghai Acrobatic Dome

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The Tailor's Daughter... behind the scenes: 2013
As many of you know, one of my very first loves is Interior Design... Here are some great pics from one of my Residential Design Clients.Custom Slip Cover and PillowsUpholstry, Slip Covers & PillowsTake an old chair and make it work with a new slipcover that matches the rest!Design services and experience for residental projects include Staging, Space Planning, fabric buying and selecting, and much more! What will you imagine?Note: All of these items are custom made... slipcovers, throw pillows, etc... If you can dream it, we can do it!
thetailorsdaughter,
New client!!! I am so excited to help people design their spaces and create the environments they are seeking. This is just a small project, and we made a custom bench seat to give new life to an older piece of furniture..If you are spending the money to have something be custom and one-of-a-kind, i always recommend to my clients that they have zippers put in so that it can be washed, and its life can be extended.Heres the supplies:Piece of 3" foam cut to size. Electric carving knifes work wonds on cutting foam... Just make sure you dont rush! I love to use this fusible quilted batting in a heavier thickness... It molds well around all of the raw edges of the foam and makes a nice finished piece!Voila! Beautiful cushion Posted by
Speaking of Spring... How about this Boutique skirt...?Disguised as one skirt this is actually two! The skirt on the top is a pleated skirt made of Liberty of London tana lawn. Don't you love this print!? I feel so fabulous in this skirt, but the secret to the fullness is the boutique skirt underneath. To make this you will need the followingSupplies- The Tailors Daughter Boutique Skirt pattern - Fabric Kit or your own fabric that is appropriate- matching thread and bobbin- Bernina sewing machine - BERNINA Presser foot #86 The Ruffler Foot- BERNINA Presser foot #35 Invisible Zipper FootOptional:- Complete Kit $50Includes fabric & pattern Limited quantity fabric availableThis skirt is so versatile. Its great for a lunch meeting or a summertime game of heavily competitive mini golf.. I wear these under dresses, skirts,or on their own with a slip... Or sometimes as a slip. Here are a couple of different versions i have made while making this pattern for you! I dyed these pieces to get the different color options. Click here to see how!If you are an advanced seamstress that knows how to sew, here are the advanced instructions. For the pattern you can copy a yoke pattern that is your size. 1. First gather the selvage edge of the trim. Gather with the 3 seam method, or use your Bernina Ruffler Foot. For this one, the Ruffler foot was used with a 3mm-3.3 mm stitch legnth and the Ruffler set to ruffle at every stitch.2. Next cut your yoke pieces out of the desired fabric. 3. Now sew left side seam of yoke... Attaching front yoke to back yoke.Repeat this for yoke lining.4. Pin yoke and trim right sides together at raw edges of skirt. Sew this seam at 2.2mm stitch legnth and be sure to backstitch at the beginning and end of the seam.5. Next attach the invisible zipper using the 2 seam method with BERNINA Presser Foot #35. 6. Pin yoke lining right sides together at outer yohttp://www.thetailorsdaughter.com/ke. Sew.
7. Press seam opss seam open and then press lining to the back.8. Handstitch yoke lining at zipper and voila! A beautiful boutique skirt / pettiskirt valued at $300+, at a fract price... Plus yours is custom!
custom!Post pics of your garden pettiskirts to http://www.facebook.com/thetailorsdaughter and recieve a free TheTailorsDaughter tote! *
DIY Petti skirt,
needs pattern and kit,
This is the Amy Butler Swing bag pattern, which is one of my favorite bags to make! Actually i have made so many of these i needed to spice it up a little bit. Im a sucker for a bow, and contrasting prints and polka dots... So i decided to make this a tribute bag to one of my favorite icons in this feminine combo of pink and gray. The supplies needed for this bag include a cotton twill (home dec weight). I think this is a nice trick to adding weight and stability to the bag so that it isnt so flimsy. It also prevents warping when it is washed. This is a great solution, but is not mandatory. You could also use firm interfacing, or nothing at all. Whatever you decide to use will dtermine the feel and weight of the bag. I recommend trying all styles for bags while you are practicing this pattern. After all they make fabulous gifts!
This was a photo I found of her that i manually digitized in my Bernina Version 6 design software. This digitizing software is the best, in my opinion because it takes the mystery out of vector drawings and is so easy to edit one stitch at a time. Im so please with the way it turned out! This project has opened a world of creativity to me... In thinking of embroidery as much more than a canned design.
I am so excited to share this new recipe! I call it the Craving Rx... Because it satisfies any craving I have! It is a balanced meal with fruits, veggies, healthy fats, protien, dairy and antioxidents.Ingredients- 2 cp. organic mixed greens- 1/2 sliced cucumber- 1 slice morning star soy "bacon" cooked- organic strawberries 3-4 sliced- 1/4 red apple ( i like gala or pink ladies) * make sure its organic!- 1 tbsp organic parmesean cheese- 1/4 cup chickpeas Girards Champagne Vinnegrette dressing to taste!Directions:Mix greens, apple slices, strawberries, and cucumber in large bowl. Next, add chickpeasGarnish with crushed soy bacon and parmesean cheese.Add dressing This is so great for you, and the complex variety of flavors are quite satisfying. Especially if you are adjusting from a sugar addiction. Tip:Add gluten free rotini, chicken, salmon or even tofu to make this a filling and satisfying meal.Enjoy!Want to stay in touch with us? Follow us on facebook! Enter to win a brand new BERNINA Sewing Machine.
Everyday we are asked the same question: “What kind of needle should I be using for that fabric?”
I have promised many of you a chart you can print and keep for a quick lesson on finding the perfect needle.
with thread, needles are very important to a beautiful stitch formation. Many “mechanical” problems and damage to fabrics can be traced to a bent, damaged, or incorrect size or type needle.
- Needle point –
assures proper stitch formation and avoids damaging the fabric. This is dictated by the name of the needle, I.e. Jeans, Metafill, Microtex, etc…
- Needles should be changed after every 4-6 hours of stitching. The needle is the most inexpensive
part in your sewing machine but it is crucial for getting good results and keeping your machine running well. Don’t let false economy keep you from doing what is best for your sewing projects and your machine.
In my studio, I always have a nice selection of BERNINA Jeans Needles (size 80), BERNINA
Ballpoint Needle (size 70), and Assorted Universals for the odd ball project that I tend to come up with. I also prefer Gold Embroidery Needles (size 70) and Metafill (size 80) when I want to sew with Metallic Thread or sometimes on Laminated fabrics. Lately I mostly sew on densely woven fabrics, cotton of mostly medium weights for shirts, pants, and dresses. Troubleshooting your needle:

value: Blogger is an American online content management system (CMS) which enables multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003.


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I hate Fibromyalgia! | JUSTINA KNITS
« I’ve formed a new group for
I feel awful, but I couldn’t stay in bed… »
by Justina on May 26, 2010
One response to “I hate Fibromyalgia!”
Amen, sister! It couldn’t be put much better. It destroys life as you know it & doesn’t give you time to grieve over it. It’s not fatal, but never gets better. What’s worse, there’s currently no cure… just praying for remission for a while so you can recover some of your lost life… by then you are so weak & worn down you can’t do much.

value: WordPress (WP, WordPress.org) is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) written in PHP and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database. Features include a plugin architecture and a template system, referred to within WordPress as Themes.


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stigma – Challenged and Supported
Fat is not an insult-it’s who I am. And I am worthy.
Today I came across an article called My Boyfriend Loves Fat Women. It really struck a chord with me. I have felt so many of the feelings that the author has felt. One of the quotes really got to me:
March 2, 2015 challengedandsupported	challenge and support, choices, college, confidence, development, emotions, fat, females, health, healthy, higher education, stereotypes, stigma, student affairs, students, vulnerability	Leave a comment


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Bryn Brown Sheesham Wood Storage Sideboard Sale $674.99 Was $749.99 Zaire 2-drawer Sideboard Sale $665.99 Was $739.99 Willow 2 Drawer/2 Door Buffet Sale $820.79 Was $911.99 Compare $942.00 Save 13% (1) Stockholm 2-drawer 2-door White Oak Sideboard Today $1039.99 Zaire 2-door Cabinet Sale $328.49 Was $364.99 Solid Mango Sliding Door Sideboard Sale $475.19 Was $527.99 Bono Teak Pnt Blk Server Sale $882.89 Was $980.99(3) Hamshire 4 Dwr 4 Dr Buffet Today $1279.99 (7) Cappuccino Veener 48-inch Server Today $756.97 Compare $1009.95 Save 25% Xavier 2Drw. 2Dr. Shutter Cabinet-Earth Sale $744.29 Was $826.99(1) Acacia 2-door 3-drawer Side Board Sale $752.39 Was $835.99 Willow 4 Drawer/4 Door Buffet Sale $1448.99 Was $1609.99(4) Lawton 3Drw 2Dr Buffet Today $917.99 (5) Cottage Oak Buffet with Wood Top Today $251.99 Compare $344.00 Save 27% (14) Arts and Crafts Buffet Sale $342.89 Was $380.99 Compare $691.29 Save 50% Broc Handmade Metal Cabinet (India) Today $1349.99 Jullien Wood Sideboard Sale $359.99 Was $399.99 Bordeaux Espresso Server Sale $210.59 Was $233.99 Next Sponsored Links What's This?
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value: Overstock, excessive stock, excess2sell, B-stock, or excess inventory, is the result of poor management of stock demand or of material flow in process management. Excessive stock is also associated with loss of revenue owing to additional capital bound with the purchase or simply storage space taken.


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wamble | Definition on Word-E | A Word A Day
Word of The Day for Sunday, March 20, 2011
wam•ble (WOM-buhl)
1. to move unsteadily; to totter, waver, roll, etc
2. to feel nausea
3. (of a stomach) To rumble or growl
1. an unsteady motion
2. a feeling of nausea
14c; from Middle English wamelen "to feel nausea", from Indo-European root wem- "to vomit"
Related Words: vomit, emetic
• I fancy the waves begin to work, for my belly I'm sure begins to wamble. -Blackwood's magazine,1819
• I'll have to take you there. It's a cheery sensation, you know, to find a man who has some imagination, but who has been unspoiled by Interesting People, and take him to hear them wamble. They sit around and growl and rush the growler—I hope you know growler-rushing— and rejoice that they're free spirits. Being Free, of course, they're not allowed to go and play with nice people, for when a person is Free, you know, he is never free to be anything but Free. That may seem confusing, but they understand it at Olympia's. -Our Mr. Wrenn, Sinclair Lewis
• When the Galatian heard these things, and perceived the poison to wamble up and down and indispose his body, he ascended his chariot, hoping to be relieved by the jogging and shaking. -Plutarch's lives
Labels: disease, w


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LEAN GREEN CAFE. Healthier Solutions: December 2013
Over 35 ? years ago, several GE scientists quit their jobs, as they knew the Nuclear Reactors were defective, not able to withstand a break in the cooling process, which could happen w/ earthquakes or other natural/unnatural disasters. The US has 28? of these reactors.
See also the recent series of alerts from the citizen-based Radiation Network.
There have been a series of recent alerts - defined as readings above 100, particularly on the West Coast:http://www.radiationnetwork.com/index.htm - up to a million times normal background radiation.
Posted by Pamela Cohen at 12/28/2013 11:29:00 AM No comments: Links to this post
Posted by Pamela Cohen at 12/19/2013 11:59:00 AM No comments: Links to this post
Celebrate with me what happens when someone has a dream and passion, no matter what the world has thrown her....
Posted by Pamela Cohen at 12/07/2013 02:33:00 PM No comments: Links to this post


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Patente US4477326 - Polyphotoinitiators and compositions thereof - Google PatentesB�squeda Im�genes Maps Play YouTube Noticias Gmail Drive M�s »Iniciar sesi�n B�squeda avanzada de patentesPatentesPolysiloxane polymers with photoinitiating functionality. The polymers may be obtained by reacting α-allylbenzoin ethers with a siloxane or polysiloxane containing a plurality of silicon hydride groups. Alternatively, the allylbenzoin ethers may be reacted with a hydrolyzable hydrosilane and further...http://www.google.es/patents/US4477326?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatente US4477326 - Polyphotoinitiators and compositions thereof B�squeda avanzada de patentes N�mero de publicaci�nUS4477326 ATipo de publicaci�nConcesi�n N�mero de solicitudUS 06/505,588 Fecha de publicaci�n16 Oct 1984 Fecha de presentaci�n20 Jun 1983 Fecha de prioridad20 Jun 1983TarifaPagadasTambi�n publicado comoDE3684432D1, EP0129443A2, EP0129443A3, EP0228145A1, EP0228145B1, US4587276 N�mero de publicaci�n06505588, 505588, US 4477326 A, US 4477326A, US-A-4477326, US4477326 A, US4477326A InventoresSamuel Q. S. Lin Cesionario originalLoctite CorporationExportar citaBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManCitas de patentes (5), Otras citas (1), Citada por (51), Clasificaciones (37), Eventos legales (5) Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesi�n de USPTO, EspacenetPolyphotoinitiators and compositions thereofUS 4477326 A Resumen Polysiloxane polymers with photoinitiating functionality. The polymers may be obtained by reacting α-allylbenzoin ethers with a siloxane or polysiloxane containing a plurality of silicon hydride groups. Alternatively, the allylbenzoin ethers may be reacted with a hydrolyzable hydrosilane and further reacted with other hydrolyzable organosilanes or siloxanes to form the polysiloxane with pendant photoinitiating benzoin ether groups. The other hydrolyzable silanes or siloxanes may include photocurable groups to yield self curing polymers. In the same manner, photoinitiating siloxane polymers of the first method may be further polymerized to yield self curing products. The photoinitiating polymers may also be combined with ethylenically unsaturated monomers or other silicones with photocurable groups to yield photocurable compositions.
I claim: 1. A UV curable composition comprising a mixture of an organosiloxane polymer and at least one ethylenically unsaturated free radical polymerizable organic monomer, the organosiloxane polymer including a plurality of photoinitiating units along the chain thereof the units having the formula: ##STR10## wherein R1 is alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl; R2 is alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl; and R3 and R4 are phenyl or substituted phenyl.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to novel free radical generating photoinitiators which are used for curing polymer compositions such as coatings, adhesives, molding compounds or thermoset structural resins. The invention also encompasses processes for making and using the novel initiators and compositions derived therefrom.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The novel photoinitiators of the present invention are polyorganosiloxane polymers (silicones) which include a plurality of photoinitiating functional groups attached to the polymer through a carbon-silicon bond. The photoinitiating groups are preferably intramolecular photocleavable molecular fragments. More specifically they are silicones with a plurality of photocleavable benzoin derivatives attached pendently to the polymer backbone by means of carbon-silicon bonds. They may be obtained by reacting α-allylbenzoin ether analogs with a polyorganosiloxane containing a plurality of silicon hydride (--Si--H) groups.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The polyorganosiloxane photoinitiators of the invention are organosiloxane polymers whose siloxane chains include a plurality of units of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R1 is alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, substitued alkyl or substituted aryl; R2 is alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl; and R3 and R4 are phenyl or substituted phenyl. Specific examples of R1 and R2 groups include methyl, phenyl, trifluoropropyl, ethyl and cyanopropyl. Phenyl substituents for the R3 and R4 groups could be alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxy, halide, alkaryl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkyl, and N,N-dialkylamino.
PREPARATION OF α-ALLYLBENZOIN ETHER The analogues of α-allylbenzoin ether have the following molecular structures, the R groups defined as above. ##STR4## They may be prepared by a number of reactions including the following: ##STR5##
EXAMPLE I Benzoin ethyl ether (150 g) and t-butanol (750 g) were added into a two liter, three-necked, round-bottomed flask with magnetic stirring in an oil bath and heated to 50� C. to dissolve the benzoin ethyl ether. The solution turned black after the addition of 73.7 g of potassium t-butoxide. Allyl bromide (92.4 g) was added slowly into the stirring solution at 80� C. The reaction was refluxed for 2 hours and allowed to cool down. After evaporation of the t-butanol and filtration of potassium bromide salt the crude product was subjected to distillation at 118��2� C. and 0.05 mm Hg to obtain 158 g of allylbenzoin ethyl ether which crystallized upon cooling.
EXAMPLE II Benzoin methyl ether (50 g) and t-butanol (500 g) were added to a 1 liter, 3neck, round bottom flask equipped with magnetic stirrer, and placed in an oil bath at 80� C. To this mixture, 33.7 g of potassium t-butoxide was added and the solution stirred for 15 minutes. Allyl Bromide (42.3 g) was added dropwise over a 1 hour period and stirring was continued at 85� C. for 2 more hours then cooled to room temperature. After evaporation of t-butanol and filtration of potassium bromide, the product was distilled at 125� C.�2� C. and 0.05 mgHg to yield 49.2 g of allylbenzoin methyl ether which crystallized upon cooling.
PREPARATION OF POLYSILOXANE PHOTOINITIATORS The inventive method for preparing the novel photoinitiators of the present application is the reaction of an
EXAMPLE III Into a 100 ml three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a condensor and a magnetic stirrer were added 36 g polydimethyl siloxane terminated with silicon hydride (viscosity 8 cps and 0.2% H by weight) and 22 g of allylbenzion ethyl ether. After raising the temperature to 65� C., 0.17 g of 2% by weight chloroplatinic acid in butyl acetate was added into the flask. An exotherm was observed immediately and the reaction was maintained at 95� C. for 30 minutes. Infrared showed the SiH absorption peak disappeared indicating the reaction was complete.
EXAMPLE IV Placed into a 100 ml three-necked round bottom flask were 28.7 g of a 30 cts viscosity polydimethylsiloxane containing 0.25% by weight reactive silicon hydride, 21.0 g allylbenzoin and about 5 ml hexane. The three-necked flask was equipped with a condensor, a nitrogen inlet, a magnetic stirrer and a thermometer. Immediately after adding the solution of chloroplatinic acid in butylacetate (20 ppm Pt by weight) into the stirring solution, the temperature exothermed to 140� C. The temperature was maintained at 90� C.�5� C. for five hours to complete the reaction. This polydimethylsiloxane polyphotoinitiator contained about 18.8% by repeat unit photoinitiator.
EXAMPLE V Into a 100 ml three-necked round bottom flask equipped with magnetic stirrer, condenser, and thermometer were placed 17.5 g of allylbenzoin methyl ether, 26.4 g of a polydimethylsiloxane containing 17% methylhydrogen units and terminated with silicon hydride (viscosity 30 cps, 0.25% H by weight), and 25 ml hexane. After raising the temperature to 65� C., 15 g of 2% by weight chloroplatinic acid in butylacetate was added. An immediate exotherm was observed and reaction temperature was maintained at reflux for 15 minutes after which time an infrared spectrum was taken. The absence of the Si-H peak indicated that reaction was complete.
EXAMPLE VI Placed into a 500 ml resin kettle were 24 g of the polyphotoinitiator of Example III, 7.0 g of 1,3,5,7-tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 261.2 g of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. About 0.2 g of a base catalyst, prepared from heating a mixture of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and octamethyltetrasiloxane at 100� C. for 5 hours, were added into the solution. The reaction was maintained at 90� C. for 48 hours and then at 150� C. for 5 hours, followed by filtration and vacuum stripping for removing volatiles to give a colorless viscous liquid. The resulting polydimethylsiloxane polyphotoinitiator contained 2% vinyl and 2% photoinitiator by repeat unit.
EXAMPLE VII Into a 500 ml reaction kettle equipped with mechanical stirring and a nitrogen blanket were placed 30.3 g of the product from Example V, 6.9 g of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl, 1,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, and 262.8 g of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. The kettle was placed in an oil bath at 95� C. and the mixture purged with nitrogen for one hour at which time 0.3 g of tetramethylammonium silanolate was added and stirring was continued for 24 hours at 90� C. The temperature was then raised to 150� C. and held there for 5 hours to destroy the catalyst then a vacuum of 0.5 mmHg was applied to remove the catalyst and volatile side products.
EXAMPLE VIII Low molecular weight siloxanes may also be used to prepare polyphotoinitiators of the invention. The photoinitiator siloxane compound of the general formula: ##STR8## wherein the R1 groups are all methyl, R2 is ethyl and R3 and R4 are phenyl was prepared by weighing 89.4 g alpha-allyl benzoin ethyl ether and 21.4 g tetramethyldisiloxane into a one liter, three-necked round bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, condensor, nitrogen blanket and thermometer. 200 ml toluene was added and the flask heated in an oil bath to reflux (about 110� C.). 3.0 g chloroplatinic acid/butyl acetate solution (50 ppm Pt) was added and the reflux continued under nitrogen for about 18 hours. Activated charcoal was then added (10 g) and reflux continued for 3 additional hours. Mixture was filtered and the product isolated by stripping the solvent with a rotary evaporator at 0.5-01 mm Hg. The disiloxane photoinitiator product may be equilibrated as in Examples VI and VII with other siloxanes to yield photoinitiating polymers.
EXAMPLE IX 5 g 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (8.32�10-2 equivalents SiH), 11.7 g alpha-allyl benzoin ethyl ether (4.17�10-2) and 50 g octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane were weighed into a 250 ml three-necked flask equipped with condensor, thermometer, nitrogen blanket and magnetic stirrer. The flask was placed in an oil bath at 75� C. and purged with hydrogen for 15 minutes. Infrared showed SiH at 2160 cm-1. When the flask temperature reached 70� C., 0.2 g of 2% chloroplatinic acid solution (16 ppm Pt) were added. After 2 minutes, a 20� C. exotherm was observed. Infrared after 35 minutes showed SiH present at one half its original concentration and heating was discontinued. The reaction mixture was transferred to a larger flask and 97.6 g octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 2.4 ag hexamethyldisiloxane were then added and the temperature again brought to 70� C. 1.5 gH2 SO4 were added and the reaction was stirred for 4 hours. IR's taken at various intervals showed SiH still present. After 4 hours, 3.5 NaHCO3 were added and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then filtered and the product was stripped for three hours at 100� C. at 0.5-0.1 mmHg.
EXAMPLE X Into a 500 ml round-bottomed three-necked flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, a thermometer, a dry ice condensor, and a nitrogen inlet, were added 18.5 g of allylbenzoin ethyl ether, 10 ml toluene and three drops of 2% chloroplatinic acid in butylacetate. Then 8 g of methyldichlorosilane in a 50 ml addition funnel was added slowly into the stirring solution in the flask while maintaining the reaction temperature at 70� C. The reaction was completed in 30 minutes after the disappearance of SiH absorption peak at 2200 cm-1 on the infrared spectrum. A dry atmosphere was maintained throughout the reaction by a nitrogen blanket.
EXAMPLE XI A hydrogen chloride trap (a saturated NaOH aqueous solution) was attached to the reaction flask (in Example X) through a tygon tube. Then 2.0 g of methyltrichlorosilane, 143 g dimethyldichlorosilane and 13 g of methylphenyldichlorosilane were added into the product solution in the flask. 40 ml H2 O was then gradually added through an addition funnel to the stirring solution. The reaction was monitored by the evolution of HCl gas. After evolution of HCl gas stopped the reaction was continued at 90� C. for one hour. The crude product was dissolved in 250 ml ether and neutralized with 8% by weight of aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (4�250 ml), washed thoroughly with water (4�250 ml), dried over MgSO4 and then stripped at 2 mm Hg for two hours to give 87.5 g polyphotoinitiator siloxane.
COMPOSITIONS The photoinitiators of the invention are compatible with other silicones. They may be compounded with silicones containing photocurable groups such as acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, silicon hydride, alkylthiol, styryl, acrylamido, methacrylamide, maleate and itaconate. As in Examples VI-VIII, the polymerizable functionality may be synthesized as part of the same siloxane chain which includes the benzoin ether functionality. In either case, the resulting composition would be curable on exposure to UV radiation. Such compositions are useful in coatings, sealants, pottings and adhesives, exhibiting the typical silicone properties: low temperature flexibility, good electrical properties, good weather resistance and excellent thermal stability.
EXAMPLE XII The compositions listed in Table I were prepared to test the initiating capability of the polyorganosiloxane polyphotoinitiator of Example VI.
EXAMPLE XIII A thin film of the product of example IX was spread on a glass slide and irradiated for 1 minute per side with UV light as in example XII. The material cured to a rubbery solid film.
EXAMPLE XIV The compositions listed in Table II were prepared, coated on glass slides and cured by UV light as in example XII.
Citas de patentes Patente citada Fecha de presentaci�n Fecha de publicaci�n Solicitante T�tuloUS4273907 *18 Jul 197916 Jun 1981Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.Benzoin-bonded organopolysiloxanes and method for the preparation thereofUS4391963 *27 May 19825 Jul 1983Toray Silicone Company, Ltd.Organopolysiloxane photosensitizers and methods for their preparationJPS5134291A * T�tulo no disponibleJPS5371199A * T�tulo no disponibleJPS5450067A * T�tulo no disponible* Citada por examinadorOtras citasReferencia1 *Chemical Abstracts 97: 23997x, 1982.* Citada por examinador Citada por Patente citante Fecha de presentaci�n Fecha de publicaci�n Solicitante T�tuloUS4534838 *27 Sep 198413 Ago 1985Loctite CorporationSiloxane polyphotoinitiators of the substituted acetophenone typeUS4536265 *19 Abr 198420 Ago 1985Loctite CorporationSiloxane polyphotoinitiators of the substituted acetophenone typeUS4587276 *31 Ago 19836 May 1986Loctite CorporationPolyphotoinitiatorsUS4666953 *28 Mar 198519 May 1987Loctite CorporationSilicone polyphotoinitiatorsUS4675346 *16 Ene 198423 Jun 1987Loctite CorporationUV curable silicone rubber compositionsUS4952711 *25 May 198928 Ago 1990Loctite CorporationCrosslinking of (meth) acryloxyalkenylene functional siloxane prepolymersUS4988743 *21 Mar 198829 Ene 1991General Electric CompanyRadiation self-sensitized silicone polymersUS5034490 *24 Feb 198923 Jul 1991Loctite CorporationCurable norbornenyl functional silicone formulationsUS5070118 *22 Ene 19913 Dic 1991General Electric CompanyRadiation-self-sensitized silicone polymersUS5171816 *31 Ene 199115 Dic 1992Loctite CorporationCurable norbornenyl functional silicone formulationsUS5217760 *20 Jul 19908 Jun 1993Loctite CorporationFree radically curable formulations employing dithiolate catalystsUS5266670 *24 Feb 198930 Nov 1993Loctite CorporationSelective monohydrosilation of vinyl and ethynyl functional norbornenes and curable products produced therebyUS5308887 *23 May 19913 May 1994Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing CompanyPressure-sensitive adhesivesUS5411995 *8 Abr 19932 May 1995Loctite CorporationFree radically curable formulations employing dithiolate catalystsUS5420222 *19 Jun 199230 May 1995Wacker-Chemie GmbhCurable organo(poly)siloxane compositionsUS5464659 *13 Sep 19937 Nov 1995Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanySilicone/acrylate vibration dampersUS5466721 *13 Jun 199414 Nov 1995Henkel CorporationCitral acetal ethers of alpha-hydroxy phenyl ketones and radiation curable compositions thereofUS5484822 *24 Jun 199116 Ene 1996Polaroid CorporationProcess and composition for cladding optic fibersUS5492987 *2 Jun 199520 Feb 1996Polaroid CorporationProcess and composition for cladding optical fibersUS5514501 *7 Jun 19947 May 1996The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of CommerceProcess for UV-photopatterning of thiolate monolayers self-assembled on gold, silver and other substratesUS5514730 *25 Jul 19947 May 1996Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyRadiation-curable acrylate/silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive compositionsUS5527578 *12 Sep 199418 Jun 1996Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyRadiation curable vinyl/silicone release coatingUS5534558 *2 Jun 19959 Jul 1996Polaroid CorporationProcess and composition for cladding optical fibersUS5624763 *5 Jun 199529 Abr 1997Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanySilicone/acrylate vibration dampersUS5914418 *15 Abr 199722 Jun 1999Dow Corning Toray Silicone Co., Ltd.Polymerization inhibitor for acrylic-functional silanesUS6007833 *23 Jul 199828 Dic 1999Surmodics, Inc.Crosslinkable macromers bearing initiator groupsUS6156345 *21 Dic 19995 Dic 2000Surmodics, Inc.Crosslinkable macromers bearing initiator groupsUS627812523 Nov 199821 Ago 2001Loctite CorporationShielded radiation assemblyUS637656818 Jul 200023 Abr 2002Ciba Specialty Chemicals CorporationSurface-active photoinitiatorsUS641004416 May 200025 Jun 2002Surmodics, Inc.Crosslinkable macromersUS64483018 Sep 200010 Sep 20023M Innovative Properties CompanyCrosslinkable polymeric compositions and use thereofUS666430622 Jul 200216 Dic 20033M Innovative Properties CompanyCrosslinkable polymeric compositions and use thereofUS669314121 Dic 200117 Feb 2004Ciba Specialty Chemicals CorporationSurface-active photoinitiatorsUS692437020 Jun 20022 Ago 2005Surmodics, Inc.Crosslinkable macromersUS6929828 *6 Dic 200116 Ago 2005Baudin GiseleSurface-active photoinitiatorsUS7074840 *9 Ago 200411 Jul 2006Calhoun VisionLight adjustable lenses capable of post-fabrication power modification via multi-photon processesUS709441817 Nov 200422 Ago 2006Surmodics, Inc.Crosslinkable macromersUS723789321 Oct 20053 Jul 2007Chang Shiao HLight adjustable lenses capable of post-fabrication power modification via multi-photon processesUS754744527 Jun 200616 Jun 2009Surmodics, Inc.Crosslinkable macromersUS7560499 *10 Jun 200514 Jul 2009Calhoun Vision, Inc.Initiator and ultraviolet absorber blends for changing lens power by ultraviolet lightUS768277123 Dic 200523 Mar 20103M Innovative Properties CompanyCompositions containing photosensitive fluorochemical and uses thereofUS839770824 Mar 200619 Mar 2013Henkel CorporationCompositions and processes for assembling appliancesEP0228145A1 *2 Ene 19868 Jul 1987Loctite CorporationPolyphotoinitiatorsEP0487291A219 Nov 199127 May 1992Loctite CorporationPhotocurable silicon composition, and method of making sameEP1311627A2 *7 Ago 200121 May 2003Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc.Process for producing coatings using surface-active photoinitiatorsWO1994029355A1 *24 May 199422 Dic 1994Henkel CorpCitral acetal ethers of alpha-hydroxy phenyl ketones and polymerizable compositionsWO2002048203A1 *6 Dic 200120 Jun 2002Gisele BaudinSurface-active photoinitiatorsWO2003057742A1 *20 Dic 200217 Jul 2003Calhoun Vision IncInitiator and ultraviolet absorber for changing lens power by ultraviolet lightWO2005015268A2 *9 Ago 200417 Feb 2005Calhoun VisionLight adjustable lenses capable of post-fabrication power modification via multi-photon processesWO2011160636A222 Jun 201129 Dic 2011Coloplast A/SGrafted photoinitiatorsWO2011160640A222 Jun 201129 Dic 2011Coloplast A/SHydrophilic gels derived from grafted photoinitiators* Citada por examinadorClasificaciones Clasificaci�n de EE.UU.522/21, 522/44, 528/15, 528/26, 522/183, 522/35, 522/904, 528/33, 522/34, 522/99, 522/36, 528/29, 528/24, 528/25, 528/37 Clasificaci�n internacionalC08F299/00, C08G77/38, C08G77/14, C08G77/22, C08G85/00, C08F299/08, C08F290/00, C08F2/48, C08F2/00, C08G77/00, C08F2/50, C08C19/00, C08G77/50 Clasificaci�n cooperativaY10S522/904, C08G77/14, C08F2/50, C08G77/38, C08F299/08 Clasificaci�n europeaC08F299/08, C08G77/38, C08F2/50, C08G77/14Eventos legales FechaC�digoEventoDescripci�n15 Abr 1996FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 1231 Mar 1992FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 87 Abr 1988FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 427 Dic 1983ASAssignmentOwner name: LIN, SAMUEL Q.S.Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LIEN, Q. CHENG-SUN;REEL/FRAME:004204/0727Effective date: 1983120820 Jun 1983ASAssignmentOwner name: LOCTITE CORPORATION, 705 N. MOUNTAIN RD., NEWINGTOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:LIEN, QCHENG S.;REEL/FRAME:004194/0585Effective date: 19830615GirarImagen originalP�gina principal de Google - Sitemap - Descargas masivas de USPTO - Pol�tica de privacidad - Condiciones de servicio - Acerca de Google Patentes - Danos tu opini�nDatos proporcionados por IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

value: Google Patents is a search engine from Google that indexes patents and patent applications.


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On Sep. 11, earnings results from Alberta-based Aurora Cannabis (NYSE:ACB) stock took the center stage in the cannabis space. To the surprise of analysts, ACB stock posted disappointing earnings. Earlier in August, ACB stock has already decreased the forecast. So when Aurora Cannabis stock missed the diminished expectations, investors were not forgiving.
For cannabis investors, ACB stock needs little introduction. At present, Aurora Cannabis is Canada’s largest producer of cannabis, which gives the company certain economies of scale. Especially in its early days, Aurora Cannabis stock was a can’t-miss for investors. Yet since March, it has come off a long way from peak performance.
The ACB stock price is now hovering around $5.90, close to January’s lows in the $5 range. Understandably, investors are wondering what may be next for ACB stock given the recent decline in the price. Let’s look at the company’s fundamentals, industry developments, as well as the stock price.
ACB Stock’s Q4 Results Failed to Impress
When it released Q4 results for the fiscal year ended June 30, Aurora Cannabis stock missed revenue expectations. ACB stock’s net loss came at C$2.26 million on net revenue of C$98.94 million, with an adjusted EBITDA loss of C$11.7 million (or $8.9 million).
Analysts had estimated revenue of C$108 million. In Q4 last year, Aurora stock had reported net income of C$79.9 million, on net revenue of C$19.1 million.
Like many other cannabis producers — such as Canopy Growth (NYSE:CGC) or Tilray (NASDAQ:TLRY) — ACB has so far not able to convert the revenue growth into real profits.
ACB stock’s disappointing earnings follow several other poor results from large Canadian cannabis companies. And not everyone is convinced that Canadian recreational pot sales will remain strong.
Most pot stocks are burning through loads of cash and losing money like there’s no tomorrow. Cash flows are far from predictable. Investors are concerned that the initial hype surrounding the industry could be decreasing further.
It is likely that the rich valuations in this commodity-based consumer market may take a further hit in the coming months. The recent price weakness in most pot stocks including ACB has improved relative valuations, but these stocks aren’t cheap.
Headwinds That May Affect Aurora Cannabis Stock
It is important to remember that weed is an agricultural commodity. In late 2018, during the early weeks following legalization, Canadians spent about $40 million on legal weed. However, since then sales haven’t really held up. Instead the figures have come in much less robust than initially anticipated.
In other words, there are possibly too many players in Canada, a relatively small market. Annual Canadian sales are not likely to exceed $4 billion. In the legal retail market there is an oversupply. And as the largest producer, Aurora Cannabis is likely to have a major supply in its inventory.
On the other hand, the black market is still thriving in Canada. Thus, how can a producer like Aurora Cannabis maintain high margins in an industry that does not have meaningful growth potential?
No one knows when (or if) federal legalization will happen in the U.S. And other international sales outside these two countries are not big enough to act as a substantial catalyst for the share price of ACB as well as other pot stocks.
Could consolidation be a way forward for most of these cannabis producers like Aurora stock?
Could Canadian Legalization 2.0 Help ACB Stock?
In Canada, pot edibles and beverages will become legal on Oct. 17, one year from the original legalization of cannabis in the country. Industry watchers are referring to this new era in Canadian pot markets as “Legalization 2.0.”
New products are not expected to hit shelves till Dec. 16 as license holders will have to give Health Canada 60 days notice if they intend to sell them. Upcoming Canadian regulations will strictly limit what types of consumables can be produced and marketed. For example, manufacturers cannot legally combine pot and alcohol in products.
In some ways, this significant legal development feels like déjà-vu. Many industry watchers regard the legalization of edibles and beverages as another another significant milestone for pot companies. So what does that mean for ACB stock?
Around this time last year, Canadian cannabis stocks had started rallying in anticipation of the nationwide adult-use legalization. For example in mid-August, 2018, Aurora Cannabis stock touched a low of $4.05. By mid-October, ACB stock saw a high of $12.53.
Therefore, the hype surrounding the launch of pot edibles and drinks in Canada is likely to give a bit of fizz to ACB stock in the coming weeks, too. However I don’t expect as big of a jump this September.
In other words, it might become a classic case of “buy the rumor; sell the news.”
In the coming weeks, I expect ACB stock to trade between $5 and $7. From a valuation standpoint, the stock is not necessarily a bargain at $5. However, I expect the second stage of legalization in Canada to give a boost to most pot stocks.
For Aurora stock, $7 level would be likely to act as strong resistance. Only after the stock is able to push through and stay above $7 can Aurora shareholders begin to relax for the longer-term prospects.
The cannabis industry remains speculative at best. Yet there may still be an opportunity for those with a high risk tolerance. Given the new steps in legalization in Canada, this quarter might be an opportune time to start a position ACB stock.
The post Aurora Cannabis Stock Share Price Might Still Move Up appeared first on InvestorPlace.
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Posted on January 26, 2017 January 27, 2017 by harpy2015	This entry was posted in Politics, Sexism and tagged Donald Trump, Executive Order, feminist, Islamophobia, racism, sexism, Theresa May. Bookmark the permalink.
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36. Infusing God into Everyday Life – fifty-six
36. Infusing God into Everyday Life
HomeResources for Parents of 5th-6th GradersOnline Parenting Classes36. Infusing God into Everyday Life
I’m excited about the video for this month’s Online Parenting Class which focuses on Infusing God into Everyday Life. “God sightings” are just one fun way to do this.
The best way to incorporate God into everyday life is, first and foremost, to model it for them. If you talk about God every day, your kids will hear and see that. If you live in awe of Him, they will too. This kind of routine talk involves talking about God and the things He created that your kids may not pay attention to—people, creation, music and animals, for example.
Say you are out on a walk with your kids, and you notice one of those fat black and furry orange caterpillars on the sidewalk, the kind that forms a cocoon and later bursts forth as a new creation—a monarch butterfly! Most parents would stop and point out the caterpillar, let their child pet it or even pick it up, maybe move it to the grass where it won’t get squished by the biker coming up behind you, and move on.
However, you would miss a profound opportunity to make this a “God sighting”! What if you took just one or two minutes to talk about the metamorphosis process—at their level? Start by talking about how beautiful God’s created things are—God planned every piece of fur on that amazing caterpillar! But don’t stop there! You could explain how the caterpillar is completely transformed into a new creature, and that this is what happens to people when they believe in Jesus. They become entirely new inside!
You don’t have to give a dissertation on the science behind a caterpillar’s metamorphosis. Simply bring God into the conversation! Looking for everyday things that can be used as God lessons will help your child to see God in the world around him or her. “God sightings” won’t be a once a week occurrence, but rather a natural way of living.
I’m so glad you are participating in these Online Parenting Classes! It is a joy to be part of your journey as a parent. Be encouraged! Striving to parent in today’s culture is not easy, but committing to learning parenting tools is one of the most productive things you can do in child-rearing. I’m here to be a cheerleader! Don’t hesitate to email me with any questions.


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The Doodle Bird Blog: Nani Amongst The Sunflowers Photoshoot
Nani Amongst The Sunflowers Photoshoot
I picked up a few fresh-cut sunflowers and our local nursery the other day. They are stunning! I wasn't aware that sunflowers have a scent but they do...and I rather like it. It's kinda a cross between a green leafy smell, sunflower seeds, and a very light floral (daisy) scent. You have to get your nose right up into the flower and give it a good whiff. The very centers are sticky while the surrounding area is very soft like fur. They last about a week but if you snip a bit off the bottoms each day as well as give them fresh water then they may last even longer. Ahhhh, sweet Summer!
But I didn't get the just for their pretty smell or vibrant blooms. I've often thought of Nani's colors to be much like a sunflower's and decided to do a photoshoot. Of course Nani was afraid of the giant one-eyed beasts when I first introduced her to them but with some coaxing she finally sat still...well as much as a Caique can sit still anyway. I think I got some good shots and I may try once more before they wither. Of course Mr. Feathersworth got in on the action as well, but he's MUCH MORE cooperative.
Thursday, July 01, 2010 | Labels: Mr. Feathersworth, Nani, Photos, Videos | EMAIL THIS POST|
As I was watching your video, I couldn't help thinking "he sounds just like a hungry baby bird." Then he started trying to eat from your fingers and it was like "he IS a hungry baby bird!" Haha. And I love how Mr. Feathersworth sounds like a squeaky toy!
he's ALWAYS a hungry baby bird haha


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karaoke party!!!!! – Greetings from… Imaginationland
“Welcome to the Hotel Californiaaaaa!!” or “recuerdas aquella noche en la cabaña de Turboooo…!!” or “ven-a-la-escuela-de-calooorrrrr!!!” hahahha, yesterday was simply one of the best days with you mates! just for us not to forget it, ‘cos it was in-credible!! hahaha ; p
By the way…HAPPY BIRTHDAY ARRATE (TOMATE)!!!!!!!!! (again ^^) juju
I want all the photographs from The Buhos!! XD
2 thoughts on “karaoke party!!!!!”
And then we go and spoil it all by singing with a drunken woooomaaaaann…. Lalalalalala…. 😀 ¡¡¡Fue ge-nial, fantabulous!!! Quiero volver y adosarme a un micro yaaaa!!!! ¡¡Menudo cumpletacos más bueno!!
Gran inicio de los veinte para nuestra Arrate Tomate, ¡¡y que sean muchos más los karaokes que celebre!!
Muxus Amy!!
THANK all you guys!! I didn’t know I’d have such a good night with you (how on Earth did Andrei know ALL the songs??). And of course I didn’t expect presents like these!
¡Gracias mil, nos vemos mañana!


text:
Best 25+ Arp spoofing ideas only on Pinterest | Legolas father, Defense of the ancients and Body jewelry canada
هجوم الـ Arp-Spoofing أخطر هجوم !! ماهو وكيف تتصدى له
ARP spoofing &Man In The Middle Attacks Execution &Detection Coupon|$10 80% off #coupon
Man In The Middle Attack ARP spoofing part 1


text:
Nobody's fool (Livro, 1993) [WorldCat.org]
Achei que você talvez possa estar interessado neste item em http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27066273 Título: Nobody's fool Autor: Richard Russo Editora: New York : Random House, ©1993. ISBN/ISSN: 0394577787 9780394577784 9780679753339 0679753338 OCLC:27066273
In 1750, without warning or apparent reason, the mineral springs of the colonial resort town of Bath, New York, ran dry. A little more than two hundred years later, after numerous warnings and for too many reasons, Sully, the unluckiest man in this unlucky town, isn't doing too hot either. He's broke, out of a job, and the owner of a dead pickup truck. The good news? Sully has the dumbest man in North Bath as his devoted friend, a long-suffering, long-married woman who loves him, a forgiving eighty-year-old landlady who converses with her late husband, a spastic doberman as a watchdog, and the finest one-legged drunken Jewish lawyer this side of Albany. Now, if Sully could only banish his father's slyly grinning ghost and earn his own son's respect, he might just turn the whole damn thing around. Nobody's Fool is a funny, roguish novel that captures the imagination and provides a rich journey into a special world peopled by characters so real, so vital, we feel we've known them all our lives. As he did with his critically acclaimed Mohawk and The Risk Pool, Richard Russo brilliantly invents an unforgettable and luminously magical time and place. And, in doing so, Russo secures his place among America's great writers and most captivating storytellers. Ler mais...
Encontrar mais informações sobre: Richard Russo
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por 24208002324748 atualizado 2016-06-17
books I'd like to read for fun(28 ítens)
por brungrrl atualizado 2010-03-17
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schema:workExample <http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780679753339> ;
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US8409187B2 - Microwave antenna probe with high-strength ceramic coupler - Google Patents
Microwave antenna probe with high-strength ceramic coupler Download PDF
US8409187B2
US8409187B2 US12/555,576 US55557609A US8409187B2 US 8409187 B2 US8409187 B2 US 8409187B2 US 55557609 A US55557609 A US 55557609A US 8409187 B2 US8409187 B2 US 8409187B2
US12/555,576
US20110060325A1 (en
2009-09-08 Application filed by Covidien LP filed Critical Covidien LP
2009-09-08 Priority to US12/555,576 priority Critical patent/US8409187B2/en
2009-09-08 Assigned to VIVANT MEDICAL, INC. reassignment VIVANT MEDICAL, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BONN, KENLYN S.
2011-03-10 Publication of US20110060325A1 publication Critical patent/US20110060325A1/en
2013-04-02 Publication of US8409187B2 publication Critical patent/US8409187B2/en
A microwave antenna probe incorporating a high-strength antenna coupler is described herein. The microwave antenna has a radiating portion connected by a coaxial feedline to a source of therapeutic energy, e.g., a microwave generator. Proximal and distal radiating portions of the antenna assembly are separated by a microwave antenna coupler. In embodiments, the described antenna coupler is generally cylindrical in shape and includes a central section having a diameter substantially equivalent to the radiating sections. The coupler includes end sections of a smaller diameter than the central section that are dimensioned to fit within the ends of the radiating section. The end portions include a groove that is adapted to receive a corresponding rib formed within the respective ends of the radiating section. The coupler includes an axial opening defined therein into which a tubular collar in fixed using an interference fit. The outward forces of the collar and the inward forces of the radiating section places the coupler under compression, which improves the strength of the coupler, and the strength of the overall probe assembly.
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for providing energy to biological tissue and, more particularly, to a microwave ablation surgical probe having a high strength ceramic puck assembly, and methods of use and manufacture therefor.
In the treatment of diseases such as cancer, certain types of cancer cells have been found to denature at elevated temperatures (which are slightly lower than temperatures normally injurious to healthy cells). These types of treatments, known generally as hyperthermia therapy, typically utilize electromagnetic radiation to heat diseased cells to temperatures above 41° C., while maintaining adjacent healthy cells at lower temperatures where irreversible cell destruction will not occur. Other procedures utilizing electromagnetic radiation to heat tissue also include ablation and coagulation of the tissue. Such microwave ablation procedures are typically performed to ablate and coagulate targeted tissue to denature or kill the tissue. Many procedures and types of devices utilizing electromagnetic radiation therapy are known in the art. Such microwave therapy is typically used in the treatment of tissue and organs such as the prostate, heart, and liver.
Presently, there are several types of microwave probes in use, e.g., monopole, dipole, and helical. A monopole antenna probe consists of a single, elongated microwave conductor exposed at the end of the probe. The probe is typically surrounded by a dielectric sleeve. A dipole antenna consists of a coaxial construction having an inner conductor and an outer conductor with a dielectric junction separating a portion of the inner conductor, which may be coupled to a portion corresponding to a first dipole radiating section, and a portion of the outer conductor which may be coupled to a second dipole radiating section. The dipole radiating sections may be configured such that one radiating section is located proximally of the dielectric junction, and the other portion is located distally of the dielectric junction. In both the monopole and dipole antenna probe, microwave energy generally radiates perpendicularly from the axis of the conductor.
The typical microwave probe has a long, thin inner conductor which extends along the axis of the probe and is surrounded by a dielectric material and is further surrounded by an outer conductor around the dielectric material such that the outer conductor also extends along the axis of the probe. In another variation of the probe, which provides for effective outward radiation of energy or heating, a portion or portions of the outer conductor can be selectively removed. This type of construction is typically referred to as a “leaky waveguide” or “leaky coaxial” antenna. Another variation on the microwave probe involves having the tip formed in a uniform spiral pattern, such as a helix, to provide the necessary configuration for effective radiation. This variation can be used to direct energy in a particular direction, e.g., perpendicular to the axis, in a forward direction (i.e., towards the distal end of the antenna), or a combination thereof.
Invasive procedures have been developed in which a microwave antenna probe may be either inserted directly into a point of treatment via a normal body orifice, or inserted percutaneously. Such invasive procedures and devices potentially provide better temperature control of the tissue being treated. Because of the small difference between the temperature required for denaturing malignant cells and the temperature injurious to healthy cells, a known heating pattern and predictable temperature control is important so that heating is confined to the tissue to be treated. For instance, hyperthermia treatment at the threshold temperature of about 41.5° C. generally has little effect on most malignant growth of cells. However, at slightly elevated temperatures above the approximate range of 43° C. to 45° C., thermal damage to most types of normal cells is routinely observed.
Structurally rigid invasive probes exist, and are typically long, narrow, needle-like antenna probes which may be inserted directly into the body tissue to directly access a site of a tumor or other malignancy. Such rigid probes generally have small diameters that aid not only in ease of use but also reduce the resulting trauma to the patient. A convenience of rigid antenna probes, that are capable of direct insertion into tissue, is that such probes may also allow for alternate additional uses in different situations. However, a dielectric junction, or puck, that separates radiating sections of a rigid probe, may be subjected to bending, compression, and rotational forces during manufacture, and during use. Such forces may lead to failure of the puck, causing mechanical or electrical failure of the probe. This effect may be exacerbated by the structural properties of suitable dielectric materials, such as porcelain or other ceramic materials, which tend to be brittle.
The present disclosure provides a high-strength microwave antenna coupler assembly, or puck, and methods of manufacture thereof. In some variations, the microwave antenna assembly has proximal and distal radiating portions. The puck assembly may be a junction member that couples the proximal and distal radiation sections. At least a portion of the coupler assembly may be disposed between the proximal and distal radiating sections. The distal end of the distal radiating section may have a tapered end which terminates at a tip configured to allow for the direct insertion into tissue with minimal resistance. A coaxial feedline having an inner and an outer conductor may extend through the proximal radiating section, having the inner conductor disposed within the outer conductor and having a dielectric (e.g., insulator) disposed therebetween. The inner conductor may extend through an opening or channel disposed longitudinally through the coupler assembly. The inner conductor may further extend at least partially into the distal radiating section. The microwave antenna assembly may also be connected to a source of microwave energy.
The puck includes a high strength ceramic stepped cylindrical body having one or more stepped portions on an outer surface thereof and an axial channel formed therethrough. The axial channel accommodates at least a portion of the feedline, e.g., the inner conductor, to provide microwave energy to the distal radiating section. The stepped cylindrical body may be formed from high-strength ceramic material, such as without limitation, Zirconia, or Alumina Zirconia composite. The stepped cylindrical body includes a proximal section, a center section, and a distal section. In an embodiment, the proximal section and the distal section have similar external diameters, while the center section has a greater diameter than that of either the proximal or distal section. The outer diameter of the center section may be substantially equal to the outer diameter of the proximal radiating section and the distal radiating section, to provide a consistent probe outer diameter. The proximal section and distal section of the stepped cylindrical body include a circumferential groove defined therein dimensioned to mate with a corresponding circumferential ridge disposed within an inner surface of a distal end of the proximal radiating section, and within a proximal end of the distal radiating section, respectively. A collar may be fitted within the axial channel. The collar may be formed from metallic material. The collar may be fitted into the axial opening by interference fit, e.g., press fit or friction fit. The collar may provide outward radial tension to the puck which, when combined with the inward tensile forces applied to the puck by the radiating sections, preloads the puck compressively, thereby greatly increasing the strength of the ceramic puck body and/or the microwave probe assembly.
In an embodiment, a microwave antenna coupler in accordance with the present disclosure includes a generally cylindrical body, or puck. The cylindrical body may be formed from ceramic material as described hereinabove. The body may have a central portion having a first diameter, and an end portion having a second diameter that is less than the first diameter. The body may have two end portions wherein one end portion is proximal to the central portion, and another end portion is distal to the central portion. A groove is circumferentially disposed upon an outer surface of the end portion, having a third diameter that is less than the second diameter. The groove is adapted to receive a corresponding rib that is disposed on an inner surface of a radiating section. The body includes an axial opening disposed through the body. The axial opening may extend from a proximal end of the body to a distal end of the body. A tubular collar may be fixed within the axial opening.
The present disclosure is also directed to a method of manufacturing a microwave antenna coupler that includes the steps of forming a high strength ceramic stepped cylindrical puck having one or more stepped portions on an outer surface thereof and an axial opening formed therethrough, which may formed by molding and/or machining, and inserting a tubular collar within the axial opening. The tubular collar may be fixed within the axial opening by interference fit.
Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing a microwave antenna probe that includes the steps of providing a microwave antenna coupler comprising a cylindrical body having a central portion having a first diameter, and an end portion having a second diameter that is less than the first diameter. An outer surface of the end portion includes a groove circumferentially disposed thereupon, the groove having a third diameter that is less than the second diameter. The groove is adapted to receive a corresponding rib disposed on an inner surface of a radiating section. The cylindrical body includes an axial opening disposed through the body having a tubular collar dimensioned to interference fit within the axial opening. The tubular collar is press-fitted into the axial opening. At least two semicylindrical radiating subsections are provided, each having a rib disposed on a respective inner surface thereof that is dimensioned to engage the groove. The semicylindrical radiating subsections are positioned over end portion such that the rib engages the groove. The semicylindrical radiating subsections are joined to form a radiating section.
Alternatively, a fully cylindrical radiating subsection may be provided that includes an internal rib formed by any suitable means, e.g., machine or molding. The fully cylindrical radiating subsection may then be thermally expanded during manufacture to facilitate alignment of the rib and groove, then cooled to fit.
FIG. 1 shows a representative diagram of a microwave antenna assembly in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 shows a perspective, cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a microwave antenna assembly in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 shows a side, cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a microwave antenna assembly in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 shows a perspective, cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a puck assembly in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 shows a side, cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a puck assembly in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a puck assembly in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 7A shows a side, elevation view of an embodiment of a puck assembly in accordance with the present disclosure; and
FIG. 7B shows an end, elevation view of an embodiment of a puck assembly in accordance with the present disclosure.
FIG. 1 shows an example embodiment of a microwave ablation system 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The microwave ablation system 100 includes an antenna probe assembly 10 having a radiating portion 12 that is connected by coaxial feedline 110 via cable 15 to connector 16, which may further connect the probe 10 to a power generating source 28, e.g., a microwave generator. Probe assembly 10, as shown, is a dipole microwave antenna probe assembly, but other antenna assemblies, e.g., monopole or leaky wave antenna assemblies, may also utilize the principles set forth herein. Distal radiating portion 105 of radiating portion 12 may have a tapered end 120 which terminates at a tip 123 to allow for insertion into tissue with minimal resistance. Alternatively, tip 123 may be rounded or flat. Proximal radiating portion 140 is joined to distal radiating portion 105 by puck assembly 130.
With reference generally to FIGS. 2-3, a high-strength microwave antenna puck assembly 130 is presented in accordance with the present disclosure. Puck assembly 130 includes a body 136 having a generally stepped cylindrical shape characterized by a proximal section 133 and a distal section 132, and having a center section 131 therebetween. Proximal section 133 and distal section 132 may have a substantially equal outer diameter. The outer diameter of center section 131 is greater than the outer diameter of proximal section 133 and/or distal section 132. Body 136 may be formed from high-strength ceramic material, for example without limitation, Zircona and/or Alumina ceramic compound. Body 136 may be formed from material having electrically non- or low-conductive properties (e.g., dielectric material).
With particular reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, body 136 includes an opening 113 defined axially therethough having a circular cross-section. Opening 113 is dimensioned to receive a collar 111 having a generally tubular shape and having a passage 112 formed therethough. Collar 111 may be formed from metallic material, such as without limitation, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, or any heat-resistant metal or alloy. Collar 111 may be fixed within opening 113 by any suitable means, such as without limitation, interference fit (e.g., press-fit or friction fit). Additionally or alternatively, collar 111 may be integrally formed with inner conductor 156. Collar 111 may impart outward radial force to body 136 which may place body 136 in compression in cooperation with radiating sections 106 and 141, as will be described in further detail below.
As seen in FIG. 1, radiating portion 12 includes proximal radiating portion 140 and distal radiating portion 105. An outer surface of proximal radiating portion 140 is formed from proximal radiating section 141. An outer surface of distal radiating portion 105 is formed from distal radiating section 106. Radiating sections 141 and 106 may be formed from any suitable heat-resistant metallic material, such as without limitation, stainless steel. Distal radiating section 106 is coupled to tapered end 120 having a tip 123 that is contoured to facilitate the insertion of probe 10 into tissue. Tapered end 120 and/or tip 123 may be integrally formed with distal radiating section 106. Radiating sections 141 and 106 may be formed by joining semicylindrical subsections thereof e.g., by joining two or more “clamshell” sections, which facilitates the engagement of the ribbed inner surfaces of the radiating sections with the grooved outer surfaces of the puck ends, as will be described in detail hereinbelow.
A coaxial feedline 110 extends from a proximal end of the probe 10, which may include a handle (not explicitly shown), wherein the coaxial feedline 110 is adapted to provide radiofrequency and/or microwave ablation energy to the probe 10 generally, and more specifically, to proximal radiating portion 140 and distal radiating portion 105. Coaxial feedline 110 may exhibit an impedance of 50Ω. Coaxial feedline 110 includes, in coaxial arrangement, an insulating outer sheath 150, an outer coaxial conductor 152 coaxially disposed within outer sheath 150, a dielectric layer 154 coaxially disposed within coaxial conductor 152, and an inner conductor 156 coaxially disposed within dielectric layer 154. As seen in FIG. 3, a ring-like balun 160 may disposed in electrical communication between outer conductor 152 and proximal radiation section 141 to control the delivery of radiofrequency and/or microwave energy into tissue (e.g., the ablation pattern) of probe 10. Inner conductor 156 of coaxial feedline 110 passes through channel 112 of interference collar 111. Inner conductor 156 may additionally be joined to interference collar 112 by, e.g., soldering, brazing, or laser welding. In an embodiment, the inner conductor 156 may place the body 136 under lateral tension with proximal radiating section 141 and/or distal radiating section 116, which may improve the overall strength and rigidity of the probe 10. Inner conductor 156 may additionally or alternatively be coupled in electrical communication to distal radiating section support 114.
Proximal radiating portion 140 and distal radiation portion 105 are joined by puck assembly 130. A distal end 142 of proximal radiating section 141 is coupled to puck proximal section 133. A proximal end 103 distal radiating section 106 is coupled to puck distal section 132. As best seen in FIGS. 4, 5, and 7A-B, puck proximal section 133 includes a circumferential groove 135 disposed on an outer surface thereof that is dimensioned to engage a corresponding rib 108 formed on an inner surface 143 of proximal radiating section 141. Puck distal section 132 includes a circumferential groove 134 that is dimensioned to engage a corresponding rib 107 formed on an inner surface 104 of distal radiating section 106. Groove 134, 135 may be formed by any suitable manner of fabrication, including without limitation machining, laser etching, chemical etching, molding, and or forging. Rib 107, 108 may be formed by any suitable manner of fabrication, including without limitation machining, brazing, molding, and/or forging.
As best illustrated in FIG. 6, proximal radiating section 141 may be formed from two semicylindrical subsections 141′ and 141″ (e.g., “clamshells”). In one envisioned manner of manufacture, the halves 141′ and 141″ are brought together over puck proximal section 133 whereby rib 108 engages groove 135. Compression is applied to halves 141′ and 141″. Edges 137′, 137″ thereof are joined by any suitable manner of attachment, including without limitation soldering, brazing, adhesive bonding, or welding, thereby placing at least a portion of puck body 136 under constant compression. Distal radiating section 106 may also be formed from two semicylinddical halves (not explicitly shown) and joined to puck distal section 132 in the manner previously described, e.g., by bringing together the semicylindrical halves of the distal radiating section over the puck distal portion under compression wherein rib 107 engages groove 134, and joining the distal radiating section halves (not explicitly shown) along a common edge 137′, 137″ thereof by, e.g., brazing or laser welding as previously described herein.
In an embodiment, puck proximal section 133 and/or puck distal section 132 may include a metallization layer (not explicitly shown) disposed on at least a part of an outer surface thereof, e.g., groove 135, groove 135, surface 133′, 133″, 132′, and/or 132″. The metallization layer may be deposited on puck by any suitable manner, such as without limitation sputtering, electroplating, vacuum deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or arc vaporization. The proximal radiating section halves 141′, 141″ and/or the distal radiating section halves (not explicitly shown) may then be brazed and/or soldered to the metalized surfaces of puck body 136. Additionally or alternatively, the radiating halves may be joined (by e.g., brazing, soldering, laser welding, or the like) along a common edge 137′, 137″ thereof as previously described herein. The puck assembly 130 and/or probe 12 may be strengthened by bonding the radiating sections 116, 141 to the metalized surfaces of the puck body 136 in the described manner, and may better resist rotational moments between the radiating sections 116, 141 and puck assembly 130.
An outer surface of the probe 10, e.g., an outer surface of puck center section 131, proximal radiating section 141, distal radiating section 106, and/or tip 120, may include a lubricious coating (not explicitly shown). The lubricious coating may be formed from any suitable low friction material having the ability to withstand the operating temperature of the probe, such as without limitation, polytetrafluoroethylene (a.k.a. PTFE or Teflon®, manufactured by the E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. of Wilmington, Del., USA), polyethylene tephthalate (PET), or the like. Additionally or alternatively, an outer surface of the probe 10 as previously described may include a heat shrink covering, such as polyolefin tubing, or any suitable heat-shrink material.
A method of manufacturing a microwave antenna probe in accordance with the present disclosure includes the steps of providing a microwave antenna coupler 130 comprising a generally cylindrical body 136 having a central portion 131 having a first diameter, and at least one end portion 132, 133 having a second diameter that is less than the first diameter. An outer surface 132′, 132″ and/or 133′, 133″ of an end portion 132, 133 includes a groove 134, 135 circumferentially disposed thereupon, the groove having a third diameter that is less than the second diameter. The groove 134, 135 is adapted to receive a corresponding rib 107, 108 disposed on an inner surface of a distal radiating section 106 and/or proximal radiating section 141, respectively. The cylindrical body 136 includes an axial opening 113 disposed through the body 136 having a tubular collar 111 dimensioned to interference fit within the axial opening 113. The tubular collar 111 is press-fitted into the axial opening 113. At least two semicylindrical proximal radiating subsections 141′, 141″ are provided, each having a rib 108 disposed on a respective inner surface 143 thereof that is dimensioned to engage the groove 135. At least two semicylindrical distal radiating subsections (not explicitly shown) are provided, each having a rib 107 disposed on a respective inner surface 104 thereof that is dimensioned to engage the groove 134. The semicylindrical radiating subsections are positioned over the respective end portion 133, 132 thereof such that the rib 108 engages the groove 135 and the rib 107 engages the groove 134. The semicylindrical radiating subsections are joined to form a radiating section using, for example without limitation, soldering, brazing, adhesive, or welding.
a cylindrical body that includes:
an end portion having a second diameter that is less than the first diameter;
a groove circumferentially defined within an outer surface of the end portion having a third diameter that is less than the second diameter and adapted to receive a corresponding rib disposed on an inner surface of a radiating section;
an axial opening disposed through the body; and
a tubular collar fixed within the axial opening, wherein the tubular collar is formed from metallic material.
2. The microwave antenna coupler according to claim 1, wherein the tubular collar is fixed within the axial opening by an interference fit.
3. The microwave antenna coupler according to claim 1, wherein the body is formed from ceramic material.
4. The microwave antenna coupler according to claim 3, wherein the ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of Zirconia, and an Alumina Zirconia composite.
5. The microwave antenna coupler according to claim 4, wherein an outer surface of the end portion includes a metallization layer.
6. The microwave antenna coupler according to claim 1, wherein the body includes at least two end portions.
7. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 6, wherein the body includes a first end portion extending proximally of the central portion and a second end portion extending distally of the central portion.
8. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 7, further comprising a first radiating section having a distal end joined to the first end portion of the body, and a second radiating section having a proximal end joined to the second end portion of the body.
9. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 6, wherein the tubular collar is fixed within the axial opening by interference fit.
a coupling assembly, comprising:
a groove circumferentially defined within an outer surface of the end portion having a third diameter that is less than the second diameter and adapted to receive a rib circumferentially disposed on an inner surface of a radiating section;
a tubular collar fixed within the axial opening, wherein the tubular collar is formed from metallic material; and
a radiating section, having a rib circumferentially disposed on an inner surface thereof, and fixed to the coupler wherein the rib engages the groove.
11. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 10, wherein an outer diameter of the radiating section is substantially equal to an outer diameter of the central portion of the cylindrical body.
12. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 10, wherein an inner diameter of the radiating section is substantially equal to an outer diameter of the end portion of the cylindrical body.
13. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 10, wherein the radiating portion is substantially tubular.
14. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 10, wherein the radiating portion is formed from metallic material.
15. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 14, wherein the metallic material includes stainless steel.
16. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 10, wherein an outer surface of the microwave antenna assembly includes a lubricious coating.
17. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 10, wherein an outer surface of the microwave antenna assembly includes a heat shrink covering.
18. The microwave antenna assembly of claim 10, further comprising a coaxial feedline having an inner conductor disposed within an outer conductor and having a dielectric therebetween, wherein at least a part of the inner conductor extends distally through the tubular collar.
US12/555,576 2009-09-08 2009-09-08 Microwave antenna probe with high-strength ceramic coupler Active 2031-09-02 US8409187B2 (en)
US12/555,576 US8409187B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2009-09-08 Microwave antenna probe with high-strength ceramic coupler
US20110060325A1 US20110060325A1 (en) 2011-03-10
US8409187B2 true US8409187B2 (en) 2013-04-02
ID=43648302
US12/555,576 Active 2031-09-02 US8409187B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2009-09-08 Microwave antenna probe with high-strength ceramic coupler
US (1) US8409187B2 (en)
2009-09-08 US US12/555,576 patent/US8409187B2/en active Active
US20110060325A1 (en) 2011-03-10
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BONN, KENLYN S.;REEL/FRAME:023203/0197


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Build a Website ...individual contractors.
Required skills: PHP, CSS3, HTML, DHTML, JOOMLA, WORDPRESS, and if you know any additional

value: Freelance (sometimes spelled free-lance or free lance), freelancer, or freelance worker, are terms commonly used for a person who is self-employed and not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term. Freelance workers are sometimes represented by a company or a temporary agency that resells freelance labor to clients; others work independently or use professional associations or websites to get work.