text:
US20030078055A1 - System and method for providing traffic information using operational data of a wireless network - Google Patents
System and method for providing traffic information using operational data of a wireless network Download PDF
US20030078055A1
US20030078055A1 US10243589 US24358902A US2003078055A1 US 20030078055 A1 US20030078055 A1 US 20030078055A1 US 10243589 US10243589 US 10243589 US 24358902 A US24358902 A US 24358902A US 2003078055 A1 US2003078055 A1 US 2003078055A1
US10243589
US6842620B2 (en )
Rahul Sangal
Providing traffic information by using operational data developed by a wireless communication network to generate traffic information. Location information from the network can be combined with computerized street maps to measure the time it takes to get from one geographic area to another. By aggregating and analyzing anonymous data from thousands of devices, the present invention is able to determine real-time and historical travel times and velocities between cities, intersections and along specific routes.
This non-provisional patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/318,858, titled System and Method for Providing Traffic Information Using Operational Data at a Wireless Network, filed Sep. 13, 2001. This provisional application is hereby fully incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to a system and method for providing traffic information. More particularly, this invention relates to using operational data developed by a wireless telephony communication network to generate traffic information.
Traffic congestion has reached crisis levels in most major cities throughout the U.S. and is becoming a major problem in smaller cities and rural areas as well. Not only is traffic congestion a source of frustration for commuters, this congestion is also costly and a significant contributor to air pollution. The Texas Transportation Institute's 2001 Urban Mobility Report estimates that the total congestion costs for 68 U.S. urban areas from New York City down to those cities with populations of 100,000 is $78 billion, which was the value of 4.5 billion hours of delay and 6.8 billion gallons of excess fuel consumed. From 1982 to 1999, the time that travelers wasted in traffic increased from 12 hours to 36 hours per year.
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of other systems and methods for providing traffic information by using operational data extracted from existing wireless telephony communication network infrastructure without adversely impacting network resources.
[0014]FIG. 1 depicts the operating environment of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0015]FIG. 2a presents a block diagram showing the main components of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0016]FIG. 2b presents an overall process flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0017]FIG. 3a shows the relationship between a Data Extraction Module and a Data Analysis Node in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0018]FIG. 3b shows the relationship between Data Extraction Modules and a Data Analysis Node in an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
[0019]FIG. 3c shows the relationship between a Data Extraction Module and Data Analysis Nodes in an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
[0020]FIG. 3d shows the relationship between Data Extraction Modules and Data Analysis Nodes in an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
[0021]FIG. 4 depicts a process-level block diagram of the Data Extraction Module of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0022]FIG. 5 presents a block diagram of the Data Extraction Module of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, focusing on a Data Input and Processing function.
[0023]FIG. 6 presents a process flow diagram for a File Polling and Parsing Process of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0024]FIG. 7 presents a process flow diagram for a Privacy Process of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0025]FIG. 8 presents a process flow diagram for a Movement Filtering and Detection Process of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0026]FIG. 9 presents a block diagram of a Data Extraction Module of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, focusing on the Configuration and Monitoring function.
[0027]FIG. 10 depicts a process-level block diagram of a Data Analysis Node of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0028]FIG. 11 presents a process flow diagram for a Route Generation Process of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0029]FIG. 12 presents a process flow diagram for a Route Processing Process of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0030]FIG. 13a presents an illustrative example of a cell sector/roadway overlay.
[0031]FIG. 13b presents an enhanced view of an illustrative example of a cell sector/roadway overlay.
[0032]FIG. 14 presents an actual example of a cell sector/roadway overlay.
[0033]FIG. 15 presents a process flow diagram for a Route Selection Process of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0034]FIG. 16 presents a process flow diagram for a Route Trimming Process of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0035]FIG. 17 presents a process flow diagram for a Velocity Estimation Process of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0036]FIG. 18 presents a process flow diagram for a Mobile Positioning System Determination Process of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for using operational data from existing wireless telephony communications networks to estimate traffic movement throughout a traffic system. FIG. 1 presents the wireless telephony communications network operating environment for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the Traffic Information System 100. Mobile station (MS) 105 transmits signals to and receives signals from the radiofrequency transmission tower 110 while within a geographic cell covered by the tower. These cells vary in size based on anticipated signal volume. A Base Transceiver System (BTS) 115 is used to provide service to mobile subscribers within its cell. Several Base Transceiver Systems are combined and controlled by a Base Station Controller (BSC) 120 through a connection called the Abis Interface. The Traffic Information System 100 can interface with the Abis Interface line. A Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 125 does the complex task of coordinating all the Base Station Controllers, through the A Interface connection, keeping track of all active mobile subscribers using the Visitor Location Register (VLR) 140, maintaining the home subscriber records using the Home Location Register (HLR) 130, and connecting the mobile subscribers to the Public Service Telephone Network (PSTN) 145.
Turning to FIG. 2a, in an exemplary embodiment, an existing wireless telephony communications network 220, otherwise referred to as a Wireless Network, exchanges information with Data Extraction Modules 240 of the Traffic Information System 100. The Data Extraction (DEX) Modules 240 exchange information with Data Analysis Nodes (DAN) 260, which in turn exchanges information to end users 280 of the traffic information. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the DEX Modules could exchange information directly with End Users 280. In still another alternative embodiment of the present invention, a process other than DEX Module 240 may supply movement vectors to the DAN Module 260 for analysis for an end user 280. The end users 280 may include the departments of transportation, media outlets, private transportation companies, or information service providers. Details on the types of information exchanged between the modules are discussed below.
[0045]FIG. 2b presents an overview of the traffic information system process 200 for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The DEX Module 240 interacts with the Wireless Network 220 to extract vehicular movement information from operational data on wireless communication devices. In step 241, the DEX Module 240 polls the Wireless Network 220 at preset time intervals to identify flat files and FTP files containing operational data, including location movement data, created by the Wireless Network 220 since the last polling. Independent of, and parallel to, this polling step, step 242 continuously receives operations data files that include location movement data from Wireless Network 220. In step 243, the DEX Module requests mobile station location data from the MPS on the Wireless Network 220 in response from a request from the DAN Module 260. At step 244, the data files received from the Wireless Network 220 are sent to parsers configured to receive each specific data file type. The parsers extract data for the Privacy and Movement Filtering and Detection modules. In step 245, the parsed data records are sent to the Privacy module.
[0052]FIG. 3 presents alternative embodiments of the relationship between the Data Extraction Module 240 and Data Analysis Node 260. In one embodiment 300, shown in FIG. 3a, a single Data Extraction Module 240 a may be paired with a single Data Analysis Node 260 a. As shown in an embodiment 310 in FIG. 3b, multiple Data Extraction Modules 240 a, b, and c can exchange information with a single Data Analysis Node 260 a. For example, Data Extraction Modules located at different wireless network operators in a metropolitan area can exchange information with a single Data Analysis Node that processes the traffic information for the entire metropolitan area. FIG. 3c depicts the alternative embodiment 320 in which a single Data Extraction Module 240 a exchange information with multiple Data Analysis Nodes 260 a, b, and c. For example, a Data Extraction Module at a wireless service provider can exchange information with Data Analysis Nodes located at unique end users. FIG. 3d depicts the alternative embodiment 330 in which multiple Data Extraction Modules 240 a, b, and c exchange information with multiple Data Analysis Nodes 260 a, b, and c. For example, Data Extraction Modules at multiple wireless service providers can exchange information with Data Analysis Nodes located at unique end users.
[0053]FIG. 4 presents a process-level block diagram of an exemplary DEX Module 240. A Data Input and Processing module 442 exchanges information with the Wireless Network 220. Data received from the Wireless Network 220 is sent through a Privacy module 444, where personal identifying data about the network subscriber are removed. Data Input and Processing module 442 and Privacy module 444 comprise the Processor Module 441. The cleansed data are then sent to a Movement Filtering and Detection module 446. The In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, this module converts the cleansed wireless network data to movement records associated with a mobile station. The movement records are sent to the Data Analysis Node 260 through a HTTP Query Interface 450. The HTTP Query Interface 450 also sends information queries through the Data Input and Processing module 442 to the Wireless Network 220. A Configuration and Monitoring component 448 provides the means to monitor the performance of the Traffic Information System and set system operating parameters.
[0054]FIG. 5 highlights a Data Input and Processing module 442 of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. A Data Input and Processing module 442 exchanges data with a Wireless Network 220. A Data Input and Processing module 442 includes file interfaces. These interfaces may be specific for a certain file type. In the exemplary embodiment depicted in FIG. 5, a Data Input and Processing module 442 includes a Flat File Interface 542 and an FTP File Interface 544. These interfaces can poll a Wireless Network 220, each polling the network component that contains the specific file type, data files on a local storage drive (flat files) and files at an FTP server (FTP files) in this exemplary embodiment.
[0058]FIG. 6 presents details on the polling and parsing process 241 under an exemplary embodiment of the Data Input and Processing module. In step 615 of the process, Wireless Network Data 610, or otherwise referred to as operational data, flows continuously from the network to a designated data storage location on the Traffic Information System 100 for other data formats 636. These data files are parsed, at step 640, based on the specific file type. Parallel to step 615, step 620 periodically polls the Wireless Network's FTP server and local flat file storage drives for operational data. If new data files are found in decision step 625, the files are sorted in step 627. For example, BTS activity data is send to file storage location 632 for that data type, CDRs are sent to storage location 634 and A Interface and Abis Interface data are sent to storage location 636. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the present invention can accommodate a wide variety of file data types in this step, as evidenced by other data types 638. If no new files are found at step 625, the process returns to step 620 and polls the Wireless Network Data 610 at the next preset time interval.
[0060]FIG. 7 presents how data is processed 247 in the Privacy module for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Traffic data records associated with a mobile station are received from the Data Input and Processing module in step 710. In step 720, the hashtable 730 is searched for the mobile station identifier number contained in the data record. Hashtable 730 contains mobile station identifier numbers matched to a unique serial number assigned to that identifier by the Privacy module. In decision step 740, if the mobile station identifier number is not in the hashtable 730, then a unique serial number is assigned to that mobile station identifier number and the serial number/identifier pair is stored in the hashtable 730 at step 742. In an exemplary embodiment, the serial number is generated with the following algorithm in Table I. One skilled in the art would appreciate that a variety of techniques could be used to generate a unique alphanumeric indicator to represent the mobile station ID.
S=((d*1000)+mod(r,100))*(log10(n)*10)+n
S=unique serial number
d=day of year (1-365)
r=number of restarts counter
mod=modulo function
n=number of entries in the serial number hashtable
In step 744, the serial number associated with that identifier number is retrieved from the hashtable 730. These steps cleanse the record of personal identifying information. In this embodiment, the Traffic Information System 100 does not associate movement records with a specific mobile station identifier number. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, however, this cleansing step could be omitted. One possible application for this alternative embodiment is to enable the system to track a given mobile station as it moves, for example a parent tracking the location of a child with a cellular phone.
Dialed Number Category
911 EMERGENCY_911
511,*X1 TRAVELER_INFO
411, 0X OPERATOR_ASST
Others DIALED_CALL
If the phone number is not part of the traffic data record, the process moves directly from decision step 750 to step 770. In step 770, the Privacy module 444 creates a Location Record. This record is passed to the Movement Filtering and Detection module 446 in step 780. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, this location record may include the start and end times for a call, the cell ID or specific locations for the start and end of the call, serial number, the number dialed, the call category, registration information, whether the call was handed off or handed over, and the number of handoffs and the cell IDs and times for the handoffs. One skilled in the art would appreciate other data can be included in the Location Record.
[0070]FIG. 8 depicts the Movement Filtering and Detection process 249. As shown in FIG. 8, in step 810, the Movement Filtering and Detection module 446 receives location records from the Privacy module 444. At step 820, each location record is loaded. For each record, step 840 interrogates the Location Hashtable 830 and retrieves the last know location for the serial number associated with the record. In decision step 850, the location indicated on the location record is compared to the last know location for that serial number as recorded in the Location Hashtable 830. If the location differs, a Movement Record is generated and stored in cache in step 860. Then, in step 870, the Location Hashtable is updated and the movement record is recorded in the Movement Record Hashtable 880. If the last known position is not different from the current position at step 850, step 860 is skipped and the process moves to step 870. This process is repeated for all location records.
[0071]FIG. 9 outlines processing 246 performed by a Configuration and Monitoring module 448 in a DEX Module 240. A Configuration and Monitoring module 448 interacts with each other module in a DEX Module 240 to assess system operations. A Configuration and Monitoring module 448 of an exemplary embodiment functions to alert a system administrator if the DEX Module 240 is functioning outside a preset operational range 916 and to allow a system administrator to set configuration parameters 916. In the exemplary embodiment, a System Administrator can configure the Traffic Information System 100 over an intranet or a virtual private network (VPN) by conducting configuration activity 916 using a secure connection, e.g., passwords or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates. This configuration activity 916 may include the following tasks, as shown in Table III.
setting the frequency of polling the Wireless Network 220;
number of CDRs processed;
[0094]FIG. 10 presents the process-level block diagram for the Data Analysis Node 260 in an exemplary embodiment. A DAN Module 260 comprises a DAN Configuration Module 1050, a DAN Traffic Modeler 1060, and DAN MPS Determination module 1070. A DAN Configuration Module 1050 receives data in the form of cell sector coverage maps 530, from the Wireless Network 220 provider, and roadway maps 1040, from the transportation department or a commercial vendor. These maps are used to define routes used by the Traffic Modeler 1060 to translate the cell sector ID to a physical location. How the maps are used is detailed further below, in association with FIGS. 11-14. These data are updated whenever the data source changes. For example, if the Wireless Network 220 changes their infrastructure resulting in a new cell sector coverage map 1030, the new data is provided to the DAN Configuration Module 1050.
[0097]FIG. 11 shows the route generation process 262 a in a DAN Configuration Module 1050 for an exemplary embodiment. The cell sector coverage maps are stored, by cell sector, in a database 530. In step 1110, a cell sector is selected from the database 530. In step 1140, the geographic information system database containing roadway maps 1040 is queried to determine all road segments that intersect the cell sector. The results from this query are boundary road segments 1150 associated with the cell sector, i.e., road segments that cross the boundary of a cell sector, connecting a cell sector to an adjacent cell sector. The boundary road segments 1150 serve as the input for route processing 1160, discussed below in association with FIG. 12. The results from route processing return at step 1170. The overall process is repeated for each cell sector in the database at step 1180. As discussed in more detail below, this process generates a database of potential routes used by the Traffic Modeler 1060. The route generation process 262 is run by a DAN Configuration Module 1050 whenever the cell sector coverage maps or the roadway maps are updated.
[0098]FIG. 12 details the routing process 262 b by a DAN Configuration Module 1050 for the exemplary embodiment. In step 1210, the routes comprising the boundary segments are stored in the Route Database 1240. For example, a boundary segment that connects Cell Sector A with Cell Sector B is a route from Cell Sector A to Cell Sector B. These routes serve as the initial building blocks for the routes in the Route Database 1240. In step 1215, the intra-sector route between two boundary segments is determined. This route is the shortest path, in terms of distance, from one boundary segment to another boundary segment over existing roadways. This path is determined from a GIS database of roadways. This database will define road segments between the boundary segments. The GIS database may use one of a variety of ways to define the road segments. For example, a segment can be a stretch of road from one intersection to another or a change in road name. The present invention can use the GIS data in whatever form the database has been established.
The shortest path between boundary segments defines an inter-sector route, a route from one sector through an adjacent sector, to a third sector. FIGS. 13a and b depict an illustrative example of cell sectors and roadways. For illustrative purposes, the cell sectors have been defined as squares of uniform size and alignment. FIG. 13a shows sixteen cell sectors, labeled “A” to “P.” The dark lines indicate roadways. FIG. 13b shows an enlarged image of cell sector C and the adjacent sectors. In this example, an inter-section route would be from cell sector A to cell sector D over the roadway from point 1310 to point 1330 to point 1320. Another inter-sector route would be from cell sector A to cell sector F over the roadway from point 1310 to point 1320 to point 1340. A third inter-sector route would be from cell sector D to cell sector F over the roadway from point 1330 to point 1320 to point 1340.
[0100]FIG. 13 depicts a simplified representation of a cell sector/roadway overlay. FIG. 14 presents a more realistic depiction. The shaded polygons represent unique cell sectors. As can be seen in FIG. 14, the cell sectors vary in size and the roadways within a sector can be complex.
νs,I =Vp s
vars,I=0.5*Vp s
I=the hour of the week, from 1 to 168, with the hour between 12:00 am and 1:00 am Sunday being 1
s=road segment s
νs,I=average velocity at hour I
Vps=posted speed limit for segment s
vars,I=variance range of velocity at hour I for segment s, which represents the range from −25% to +25%
As stated above, the GIS database defines what comprises a segment. In the illustrative example in FIG. 13, a segment may be the length of roadway from point 1310 to 1320 and another segment the length of roadway from 1320 to 1340. The entire route from A to F would be the length of roadway defined by those two segments. In step 1230, the route velocity is initialized to the weighted average velocity for the traffic route, weighted by the normalized length of each segment. The calculation is as follows: v r , I = ∑ ( v s , I * d s d r ) d r
νr,I=average velocity for route r for hour I p1 s=road segment s where the route r is defined by the connection of each segment
ds=distance of road segment
dr=distance of route=Σds
In step 1233, the process initializes the variance of the traffic route velocity to plus or minus twenty-five percent of the weighted average velocity calculated at step 1230. The calculation is as follows.
varr,I=variance of velocity for route r for hour I
νr,I=average velocity for route r for hour I
The traffic routes and initialized velocities for those routes for each of the 168 hours in a week, the time increment in this exemplary embodiment, are stored at step 1235 in the Route Database 1080. At step 1240, the number of handoffs for each route is calculated. The number of handoffs is the number of times a route crosses over a cell sector boundary. For example, in FIG. 13, the route from cell sector A to cell sector E would have three handoffs, one when the mobile station moves from sector A to C, one when it moves from C to F, and one when it moves from F to E. In step 1245, the sector where the route terminates, the “to sector,” and the sector where the route originates, the “from sector,” together with the route ID and number of handoffs, are stored in the Route Database 1080. The process is repeated for each inter-sector route associated with the boundary segment. The process then returns to the Route Generation process in step 1255. This process is discussed above. The entire Route Generation process is repeated at step 1250, and builds on prior routes, until the Route Database 1080 contains all possible routes from each cell sector to each cell sector.
[0119]FIG. 15 presents the Route Selection process 264 a for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This process 264 a defines the traffic route for a mobile station and is performed by the Traffic Modeler 1060. In step 1505, movement vectors are retrieved from the DEX for a given serial number. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, these vectors are retrieved periodically at specified time intervals, time intervals based on the configuration of the DEX.
The exemplary process analyzes each of the possible routes, as shown by the loop initiated in step 1530. In step 1535, the handoff score is calculated. The handoff score is an exemplary technique that evaluates how likely it is that the mobile station traveled the route being analyzed. The score is calculated as follows: Handoff   Score = B H + ( ω × H ) 1 + Δ h × 1 1 + n R
H=the number of handoffs for the given polyline
Δh=absolute difference between observed handoffs and expected handoffs
nR=number of routes where Δh=0
BH=base handoff score (default is 0.9)
ω=handoff weight (default is 0.01)
In step 1540, the handoff score is compared to a cutoff value. If yes, the route is saved at step 1545. If not, the route is discarded at step 1550. For saved routes, the velocity over that route is calculated in step 1555 and is based on the length of the route and the beginning and ending timestamps associated with the movement vector as supplied by the Data Extraction Module. The velocity is: v r = d r t 2 - t 1
νr=velocity of route
dr=distance of route
t2=time of timestamp2, the end of the movement
t1=time of timestamp1, the start of the movement
In steps 1560 and 1563, this velocity is compared to the maximum and minimum cutoffs for the velocity for that route. These cutoff values are based on velocities and variances contained in the Route Database 1080 and a preset tolerance level, in terms of the number of standard deviations used to calculate the maximum and minimum cutoff values. For example, a system with a wide tolerance may set the number of standard deviations in the acceptable range to three or four, while a system with a narrow tolerance may set the number of standard deviations to one or two. The maximum and minimum cutoff values are calculated as follows:
νmax=maximum cutoff velocity
νr,t 1 =velocity of route at hour t1
Cν=cutoff for velocity comparison in number of standard deviations
varr,t 1 =variance of velocity for route r at hour t1
νmin=minimum cutoff velocity
Routes with velocities that are less than the maximum cutoff velocity and greater than the minimum cutoff velocity are saved at step 1570. Routes with velocities that exceed the maximum cutoff move to decisional step 1565 to determine if the route can be trimmed. A route can be trimmed if it is comprised of multiple segments. If the route can be trimmed, the process moves to step 1575. If not, the route is discarded at step 1550. The results from the route trimming process return to the route selection process 264 at step 1580. For routes that are saved at step 1570, the process moves to decision step 1585. If another route must be evaluated, the process returns to step 1530. If not, the process moves to velocity estimation at step 1590.
[0149]FIG. 16 presents the process for route trimming 264 b for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This process 264 b is a loop that compares the calculated route velocity with the maximum cutoff velocity for that route. The process then removes segments from the route and compares the new velocity with the cutoff velocity. In the initial calculation of velocity, the Traffic Modeler 1060 assumes that the mobile station is at the farthest end of a cell sector in relation to the end sector location and similarly that the mobile station ends at the farthest part of the ending sector in relation to the starting sector. These assumptions make the route distance the longest it possibly can be. By removing a segment at either end of the route, the route becomes shorter and the velocity calculated by the Traffic Modeler 1060 decreases (a shorter route traveled over a fixed time period yields a lower average route velocity). In the process step 1610, the first loop (counter equal to 0, set at step 1605) is the velocity value calculated in the route selection process (see FIG. 15).
Decision step 1615 looks to determine if the route velocity is less than the maximum velocity for the route. For route velocities that are less then the maximum velocity, the process returns to the route selection process at step 1620. For route velocities that are equal to or greater than the maximum velocity cutoff at step 1615, the process looks at the loop counter at step 1630. If the loop counter is even, the process looks at the beginning sector in the route. At step 1625, the process determines if there are more than two segments comprising the route in the beginning cell sector. If so, the process removes the first segment from the route, at step 1645. The process increments the loop counter at step 1660. If there are not more than two segments at the beginning of the route, the process moves to decision step 1640. If the answer to step 1640, is loop counter odd, is yes, then the process moves to step 1650 and returns an invalid route. This step exists because the process just came from the “loop counter is even” branch, so a yes result means that the process is flawed. If the result in step 1640 is no, the process moves to step 1635.
The Traffic Modeler 1060 estimates a velocity, based on the possible routes the mobile station followed, as indicated in FIG. 17. In step 1710, the velocity estimation process 264 c is triggered by the route selection process 264 b. In step 1720 the best route is selected from all the possible routes that survived the Route Selection process (see FIG. 15). In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the “best” route is based on a statistical analysis of the velocities and handoff scores for each possible route. The statistical analysis results in a z score for each possible route. One skilled in the art would appreciate that a variety of statistical analyses could be performed to select the “best” route. The best route is the route with the minimum of the following expression:
ωz=weight of z-score default is 0.3
ωh=weight of handoff score default is 0.7
z=z-score of velocity at time t1
h=handoff score
t1=timestamp1, the start of the movement
For the best route, the process then calculates the route velocity at step 1730. The velocity is calculated as follows: v r , I = ∑ ( v s , I * d s d r ) d r
s=road segment s where the route r is defined by the connection of each segment
At step 1740, the process calculates the route velocity based on the overall route distance and time. In other words, the route velocity is the ratio of the total length of the route to the time it took the mobile station to move from the initial location to the ending location. Step 1745 begins a loop for all route segments. At step 1750, the difference of these two velocity estimates is calculated. This difference, νdiff, is used in step 1760 to calculate a new segment velocity, as follows: v s 0 = v s hour  ( t 1 ) + v diff * ( var S hour  ( t 1 ) ∑ var seg t 1 )
νs 0=the current velocity on road segment s
νs hour(t 1 )=average velocity for segment s for time stamp1
νdiff=the difference of the observed velocity and the calculated
vars=variance of the velocity for road segment s at hour t1
Σvarseg t 1 =sum of the variances for each of the segments in route r
The difference in the two velocity estimates is a measure of the variance in the velocity and the calculation above establishes a new variance (as compared to the initialized variance from step 1225, FIG. 12) based on the calculated difference.
[0175] v s hour  ( t 1 ) = ( v s hour  ( t 1 ) * n s hour  ( t 1 ) - 1 n s hour  ( t 1 ) ) + ( v s 0 * 1 n s hour  ( t 1 ) ) var s hour  ( t 1 ) ′ = ( var s hour  ( t 1 ) * ( n s hour  ( t 1 ) - 2 ) ) + ( v s 0 - v s hour  ( t 1 ) ′ ) 2 n s hour  ( t 1 ) - 1
ns hour(t 1 )=number of samples for the segment s at hour t1
νs hour(t 1 )=average velocity for segment s for timestamp1
vars hour(t 1 )=variance of velocity at hour t1 for segment s
At step 1790, the process updates the average velocity and variance for the entire route. These updates are based on the following calculation:
[0181] v r hour  ( t 1 ) = ∑ ( v s hour  ( t 1 ) * d s d r ) d r var r hour  ( t 1 ) = ( var r hour  ( t 1 ) * ( n r hour  ( t 1 ) - 2 ) ) + ( v r 0 - v r hour  ( t 1 ) ′ ) 2 n r hour  ( t 1 ) - 1
s=road segment s where r is defined by the connection of all segments
nr hour(t 1 )=number of samples for the route r at hour t1
In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a separate module, the MPS Determination module 1070 of the DAN Module 260, operates to assess the quality of the velocity estimates from the Traffic Modeler 1060, based on the number of samples used to generate the velocity estimates. Step 1795 from the velocity estimation process 264 c serves as a gateway for the MPS Determination module 1070 polling the Traffic Modeler 1060. FIG. 18 presents the operation of the MPS Determination module 1070. In step 1805, the process polls the Traffic Modeler, extracting the updated segment velocity and variance data from the velocity estimation process 264 c (see FIG. 17 at 1795). Step 1810 initiates a loop for each road segment analyzed in the velocity estimation process 264 c, the MPS Determination module 1070 determines, at step 1815, the number of samples needed for the desired level of precision and determines, at 1820, if that level is met. The required number of samples for a given precision level is calculated as follows: n = z α / 2 2  var s hour  ( t 1 ) E 2
zα/2=is the z-score of the confidence interval desired (e.g. 90% or z1.645)
vars hour(t 1 )=variance of the velocity of the road segment
E=is half the width of the range (e.g. +/−10 MPH)
If the number of samples used in the Traffic model is equal to or greater than the target number calculated at step 1815, then the segment is not considered further, at step 1825. If not, the segment is added to the MPS request list at step 1835 and the loop is repeated at step 1840 for each segment. Once all the segments have been evaluated, the process, at step 1845, retrieves from the Route Database 1830 all routes that contain the segments in the MPS request list from 1835. At step 1850, the process issues a request to the DEX for mobile station location data for mobile stations on traffic routes containing the listed segments. This limited use of MPS data minimizes the load on the Wireless Networks' resources, revealing a desired element of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
1. A system for extracting vehicular movement information using operational data for mobile stations operating in a wireless telephony communication network the system comprising:
a processor module, logically coupled to the telephony wireless communication network, operable to generate a plurality of traffic data records based on the operational data obtained from the telephony wireless communication network, each traffic data record identifying a location within the cell sector coverage area of the telephony wireless communication network for one of the mobile stations at a particular time; and
a movement filtering and detection module, logically coupled to the processor module, operable to generate a movement record in response to processing a pair of the traffic data records associated with a wireless communication activity by a same one of the mobile stations, each movement record comprising first and second locations within the telephony wireless communication network for the same mobile station at different times and reflecting movement by the same mobile station via a vehicle.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor module comprises a privacy module adapted to remove a mobile station identifier number identifying one of the mobile stations from each of the traffic data records, to replace the mobile station identifier number in the traffic data record with a unique identifying number, and to maintain a relationship between the unique identifying number and the replaced mobile station identifier number.
3. The system of claim 1 further comprising a configuration and monitoring module, logically coupled to the processor module and to the movement and filtering detection module, operative to configure the operational activity of the processor module and the movement and filtering detection module and to monitor the operational activity of the processor module and the movement and filtering detection module.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor module comprises: a plurality of file interfaces to extract location movement data from the operational data for the mobile stations as obtained from the telephony wireless communication network; and
a parsing engine logically coupled to the interfaces to generate the plurality of traffic data records in response to the extracted location movement data.
5. The system of claim 1 further comprising an HTTP query interface, logically coupled to the movement filtering and detection module, adapted to communicate each movement record to a data analysis node to assist an evaluation of vehicular traffic characteristics for a vehicular traffic area associated with the cell sector coverage area of the telephony wireless communication network.
6. A system for determining traffic velocities along a plurality of traffic routes by using operational data associated with mobile stations operating in a wireless telephony communications network comprising a cell sector coverage area having a plurality of cell sectors, the system comprising:
an analysis configuration module, logically coupled to at least one database comprising cell sector coverage area information for the wireless telephony communications network and geographic information for roadways within the cell sector coverage area of the wireless telephony communications network, operable to generate the plurality of traffic routes between any two of the cell sectors by processing the cell sector coverage area information and the geographic information for roadways; and
a traffic modeler module, logically coupled to the analysis configuration module, operable to generate a plurality of data records by processing movement records for the mobile stations within a context provided by the plurality of traffic routes, each movement record comprising first and second locations within the telephony wireless communication network for the same mobile station at different times and reflecting movement within the cell sector coverage area by the same mobile station, each data record comprising an identification of the average velocity for a vehicle along a particular one of the traffic routes at a specific time.
7. The system of claim 6 further comprising a mobile position system determination module, logically coupled to the traffic modeler module and a mobile positioning system for the telephony wireless communication network, operable to request mobile station location data from the mobile positioning system if the average velocity along the traffic route associated with the particular data record at the specific time is based on a number of the movement records less then a threshold value.
8. The system of claim 6 further comprising a route database, logically coupled to the traffic modeler module, operable to store the plurality of data records for access by an end user.
9. A method for extracting movement information using operational data for mobile stations operating in a wireless telephony communication network, comprising the steps of:
generating a plurality of traffic data records based on the operational data from the telephony wireless communication network, each traffic data record identifying a location within the cell sector coverage area of the telephony wireless communication network for one of the mobile stations at a particular time; and
generating a movement record in response to processing a pair of the traffic data records associated with a wireless communication activity by a same one of the mobile stations, each movement record comprising first and second locations within the telephony wireless communication network for the same mobile station at different times and reflecting movement by the same mobile station.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of receiving a continuous flow of the operational data from the wireless telephony communication network.
11. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of processing the plurality of traffic data records by removing certain confidential information associated with the operational data for the mobile stations operating within the telephony wireless communication network, the processing step comprising, for each of the traffic data records, the steps of
replacing the mobile station identifier in the traffic data record with a unique identifying number; and
maintaining a relationship between the replaced mobile station identifier and the unique identifying number to assist the tracking of movement records generated for the same mobile station.
12. A method for determining traffic velocities along traffic routes based on movement of mobile stations operating within a wireless telephony communications network comprising a cell sector coverage area overlapping with the traffic routes and having a plurality of cell sectors, comprising the steps of:
creating a plurality of traffic routes between any two of the cell sectors by processing cell sector coverage area information for the wireless telephony communications network and geographic information for roadways within the cell sector coverage area of the wireless telephony communications network, and
identifying a particular one of the traffic routes traveled by a vehicle associated with one of the mobile stations by processing movement records for the mobile station within a geographical context defined by the plurality of traffic routes, each movement record comprising first and second locations within the telephony wireless communication network for a same one of the mobile stations at different times and reflecting movement of the same mobile station; and
calculating an estimate of an average velocity and a standard deviation of velocity of the vehicle associated with the mobile station along the particular traffic route at a specific time.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of creating a plurality of traffic routes comprises, for each of the cell sectors, the steps of:
determining all road segments intersecting one of the cell sectors based upon the geographic information for roadways;
determining a plurality of boundary road segments for the cell sector based upon all road segments intersecting the cell sector; and
calculating the traffic routes between each boundary road segment in the cell sector.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of identifying a particular one of the traffic routes traveled by a vehicle associated with one of the mobile stations comprises the steps of:
identifying start and end cell sector pairs from a polyline of movement locations associated with the movement records for the same mobile station;
for each start and end cell sector pairs, determining all of the traffic routes between the cell sectors in the cell sector pair;
calculating a cell handoff score for each traffic route between the cell sectors in the cell sector pair;
eliminating any of the traffic routes between the cell sectors in the cell sector pair that are not within an acceptable range of the handoff scores;
calculating a velocity along each traffic route between the cell sectors in the cell sector pair that are not eliminated by the handoff score using time stamps in the movement record;
trimming each traffic route for which a velocity was calculated in the event that the calculated velocity exceeds a maximum velocity cutoff;
eliminating any traffic routes for which a velocity was calculated in the event that the calculated velocity exceeds the maximum velocity cutoff and the traffic route cannot be trimmed;
eliminating any traffic route for which a velocity was calculated in the event that the calculated velocity is less than a minimum velocity cutoff;
calculating a z-score of the calculated velocity for all of the remaining ones of the traffic routes that not been eliminated; and
selecting the particular traffic route from the remaining traffic routes based on the z-score of the calculated velocity and the handoff score.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of calculating an estimate of an average velocity and standard deviation of velocity of vehicular traffic along the particular traffic route for a specific time further comprises the steps of:
determining an average velocity of a vehicle for each route segment in the particular traffic route by using the movement records associated with the particular traffic route segment;
determining an average velocity of a vehicle for a traffic route comprising a plurality of route segments by using a distance of the particular traffic route and the travel time over the distance by using the movement records associated with the particular traffic route;
determining the standard deviation of the average velocity for a vehicle for each route segment in the particular traffic route by using the difference of the sum of the average velocity of a vehicle for each route segment comprising a traffic route of the particular traffic route and the average velocity of a vehicle for a traffic route.
16. The method of claim 12 further comprising the step of determining if mobile positioning system data are needed for calculating an estimate of the average velocity and the standard deviation of velocity of vehicular traffic along the particular traffic route for a specific time, this step further comprising the steps of:
determining whether the estimate of the average velocity of vehicular traffic along the particular traffic route for a specific time is based on a number of movement records at or above a threshold;
for those traffic routes where the velocity estimate is based on a number of movement records below a threshold, requesting mobile station location data from the wireless telephony communication network associated with the particular traffic route at the specific time;
receiving the requested mobile station location data from the wireless telephony communication network; and
revising the calculation of the estimate of the average velocity and standard deviation of velocity of vehicular traffic along the particular traffic route for the specific time by using the received mobile station location data.
17. A system for determining traffic velocities along a plurality of traffic routes by using operational data associated with mobile stations operating in a wireless telephony communications network overlapping the traffic routes and comprising a cell sector coverage area having a plurality of cell sectors, the system comprising:
a processor module, logically coupled to the telephony wireless communication network, operable to generate a plurality of traffic data records based on operational data obtained from the telephony wireless communication network, each traffic data record identifying a location within the telephony wireless communication network for one of the mobile stations at a particular time;
a movement filtering and detection module, logically coupled to the processor module, operable to generate a movement record in response to processing a pair of the traffic data records associated with a wireless communication activity by a same one of the mobile stations, each movement record comprising first and second locations within the telephony wireless communication network for the same mobile station at different times and reflecting movement by the same mobile station;
a traffic modeler module, logically coupled to the movement filtering and detection module and to the analysis configuration module, operable to generate a plurality of data records by processing the locations for the mobile stations as identified by the movement records within a geographical context provided by the plurality of traffic routes, each data record comprising an identification of the average velocity along a particular one of the traffic routes at a specific time.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor module comprises a privacy module adapted to remove a mobile station identifier number identifying one of the mobile stations from each of the traffic data records, to replace the mobile station identifier number in the traffic data record with a unique identifying number, and to maintain a relationship between the unique identifying number and the replaced mobile station identifier number.
19. The system of claim 17 further comprising a configuration and monitoring module, logically coupled to the processor module and to the movement and filtering detection module, operative to configure the operational activity of the processor module and the movement and filtering detection module and to monitor the operational activity of the processor module and the movement and filtering detection module.
20. The system of claim 17 wherein the processor module comprises:
a plurality of file interfaces to extract location movement data from the operational data obtained from the telephony wireless communication network; and
21. The system of claim 17 further comprising an HTTP query interface, logically coupled to the movement filtering and detection module and to the traffic modeler module, adapted to communicate each movement record from the movement filtering and detection module to the traffic modeler module.
22. The system of claim 17 further comprising a mobile position system determination module, logically coupled to the traffic modeler module and a mobile positioning system for the telephony wireless communication network, operable to request mobile station location data from the mobile positioning system if the average velocity along the traffic route associated with the particular data record at the specific time is based on a number of the movement records less then a threshold value.
23. The system of claim 17 further comprising a route database, logically coupled to the traffic modeler module, operable to store the plurality of data records for access by an end user.
24. A method for determining traffic velocities along a plurality of traffic routes by using operational data associated with mobile stations operating in a wireless telephony communications network overlapping the traffic routes and comprising a cell sector coverage area having a plurality of cell sectors,, comprising the steps of:
generating a plurality of traffic data records based on the operational data from the telephony wireless communication network, each traffic data record identifying a location within the telephony wireless communication network for one of the mobile stations at a particular time; and
generating a movement record in response to processing a pair of the traffic data records associated with a wireless communication activity by a same one of the mobile stations, each movement record comprising first and second locations within the telephony wireless communication network for the same mobile station at different times and reflecting movement by the same mobile station;
creating a plurality of traffic routes between any two of the cell sectors by processing cell sector coverage area information for the wireless telephony communications network and geographic information for roadways within the cell sector coverage area of the wireless telephony communications network;
identifying from the plurality of traffic routes a particular one of the traffic routes traveled by a vehicle associated with one of the mobile stations by processing movement records for the mobile station, each movement record comprising first and second locations within the telephony wireless communication network for the same mobile station at different times and reflecting movement of the vehicle associated with the same mobile station; and
calculating an estimate of an average velocity and a standard deviation of velocity of vehicular traffic along the particular traffic route for a specific time by using the movement records associated with the particular traffic route.
25. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of receiving a continuous flow of the operational data from the wireless telephony communication network.
26. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of processing the plurality of traffic data records by removing certain confidential information associated with the operational data for the mobile stations operating within the telephony wireless communication network, the processing step comprising, for each of the traffic data records, the steps of
replacing the mobile station identifier number in the traffic data record with a unique identifying number; and
maintaining a relationship between the replaced mobile station identifier number and the unique identifying number to assist the tracking of movement records generated for the same mobile station.
27. The method of claim 24 wherein the step of creating a plurality of traffic routes by processing the cell sector coverage area information and the geographic information for roadways comprises, for each cell sector, the steps of:
determining all road segments intersecting the cell sector from the geographic information for roadways;
determining a plurality of boundary road segments for the cell sector from all road segments intersecting the cell sector; and
calculating the particular one of the traffic routes between each boundary road segment in the cell sector and all other cell sectors.
28. The method of claim 24 wherein the step of identifying a particular one of the traffic routes traveled by a vehicle associated with one of the mobile stations comprises the steps of:
29. The method of claim 24 wherein the step of calculating an estimate of an average velocity and standard deviation of velocity of vehicular traffic along the particular traffic route for a specific time further comprises the steps of:
30. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of determining if mobile positioning system data are needed for calculating an estimate of the average velocity and the standard deviation of velocity of vehicular traffic along the particular traffic route for a specific time, this step further comprising the steps of:
US10243589 2001-09-13 2002-09-13 System and method for providing traffic information using operational data of a wireless network Active US6842620B2 (en)
US31885801 true 2001-09-13 2001-09-13
US10243589 US6842620B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2002-09-13 System and method for providing traffic information using operational data of a wireless network
US11003886 US7546128B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2004-12-03 System and method for characterizing traffic conditions by analyzing operational data of a wireless network
US20030078055A1 true true US20030078055A1 (en) 2003-04-24
US6842620B2 US6842620B2 (en) 2005-01-11
ID=23239848
US10243589 Active US6842620B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2002-09-13 System and method for providing traffic information using operational data of a wireless network
US11003886 Active 2023-10-18 US7546128B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2004-12-03 System and method for characterizing traffic conditions by analyzing operational data of a wireless network
US (2) US6842620B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1437013B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1294773C (en)
CA (1) CA2460136C (en)
DE (1) DE60227825D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2309178T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2003024132A1 (en)
DE60232638D1 (en) * 2002-04-03 2009-07-30 Alcatel Lucent Capacity planning and optimization in a cellular mobile telecommunication network
US7181221B1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2007-02-20 George Mason Intellectual Properties, Inc. Cellular network handoff modeling
FI118494B (en) * 2003-03-26 2007-11-30 Teliasonera Finland Oyj A method for monitoring traffic flows of mobile users
DE602004031017D1 (en) * 2003-07-10 2011-02-24 Cytos Biotechnology Ag Composition packaged virus-like particles comprising for enhancing an immune response
KR100572666B1 (en) * 2003-07-14 2006-04-24 에스케이 텔레콤주식회사 Method for obtaining traffic information by using call data record of mobile
DE10354922A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-06-30 Vodafone Holding Gmbh A method of generating a dynamic cell plan and method for generating site-specific information data
DE102007013220A1 (en) * 2007-03-15 2008-09-18 Deutsche Telekom Ag Methods and devices for generation of traffic information and its localization within a spatial region
JP5132444B2 (en) * 2008-06-25 2013-01-30 キヤノン株式会社 COMMUNICATION APPARATUS, CONTROL METHOD AND PROGRAM
CN101674523B (en) 2009-10-15 2012-07-25 中国科学院微电子研究所 Method and system for obtaining road information by mobile communication network
GB2497928B (en) 2011-12-21 2014-11-19 Vodafone Ip Licensing Ltd Transport system monitoring using mobile network data
GB2497927B (en) * 2011-12-21 2014-08-06 Vodafone Ip Licensing Ltd Methods of analysing a cellular network
JP5910107B2 (en) * 2012-01-25 2016-04-27 富士通株式会社 Network system, offload device, and a control method for offloading traffic
JP5803696B2 (en) * 2012-01-25 2015-11-04 富士通株式会社 Network system, user identification information acquisition method for offloading device and offload device
CN102685765A (en) * 2012-04-30 2012-09-19 黄林果 Time of arrival prediction method for mobile station in wireless network
CN103544837B (en) * 2012-07-09 2017-03-01 财团法人工业技术研究院 Combination of location update and call traffic information estimation method and system
DE202013002107U1 (en) * 2013-03-06 2013-06-19 Amv Networks Gmbh AMV - System
US8918109B1 (en) * 2013-07-02 2014-12-23 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Using a coverage area identifier to facilitate network reporting
EP2822325A1 (en) 2013-07-03 2015-01-07 Telefonica Digital España, S.L.U. Method, system and computer-readable storage mediums for estimating a route
US9301101B2 (en) 2013-09-05 2016-03-29 Cellco Partnership Probabilistic location determination for precision marketing
US9749803B2 (en) * 2013-09-10 2017-08-29 Apple Inc. Path determination based on application usage
CN103747522A (en) 2013-12-31 2014-04-23 上海华为技术有限公司 Method and equipment for acquiring positional information
US20160135067A1 (en) * 2014-11-11 2016-05-12 Cellmining Ltd. Call detail record-based multiple network optimization
EP1742190A3 (en) * 2005-06-23 2007-09-19 mobilkom austria Aktiengesellschaft Method and system for obtaining information on traffic flow
CA2460136A1 (en) 2003-03-20 application
EP1437013A1 (en) 2004-07-14 application
CA2460136C (en) 2011-06-14 grant
US20050079878A1 (en) 2005-04-14 application
CN1294773C (en) 2007-01-10 grant
WO2003024132A1 (en) 2003-03-20 application
US6842620B2 (en) 2005-01-11 grant
DE60227825D1 (en) 2008-09-04 grant
CN1582584A (en) 2005-02-16 application
EP1437013A4 (en) 2006-08-09 application
ES2309178T3 (en) 2008-12-16 grant
EP1437013B1 (en) 2008-07-23 grant
US7546128B2 (en) 2009-06-09 grant
US5732383A (en) 1998-03-24 Traffic information estimation and reporting system
Kyamakya et al. 2005 Location management in cellular networks: classification of the most important paradigms, realistic simulation framework, and relative performance analysis
US20010041566A1 (en) 2001-11-15 Bitwise monitoring of network performance
Owner name: AIRSAGE, INC., GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SMITH, CYRUS W.;WILKINSON IV, CLAYTON;CARLSON, KIRK;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013590/0626;SIGNING DATES FROM 20021017 TO 20021210
Owner name: BUETLER, VERNA, GEORGIA
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:AIRSAGE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:028680/0581
Owner name: VON WESTPHALEN, JOHANNES, GEORGIA
Owner name: LUETHOLD, OLIVER, GEORGIA
Owner name: SCHUPPLI, PETER, GEORGIA
Owner name: HECKMANN, DIETER, GEORGIA
Owner name: MEISSNER, PETER, GEORGIA
Owner name: PIEPER, TOBIAS, GEORGIA
Owner name: GRAFF, RUDOLF, GEORGIA
Owner name: SPIEGEL, MARK, GEORGIA
Owner name: BUSSER, CONRAD, GEORGIA
Owner name: WOLTER, JEAN-CLAUDE, GEORGIA
Owner name: CURTI HOLDING AG, GEORGIA
Owner name: DONATSCH, RETO, GEORGIA
Owner name: SCANEX HANDELS & FINANZ AG, GEORGIA
Owner name: SWAYNE, GREG, GEORGIA
Owner name: NOTHEISEN, RAOUL, GEORGIA
Owner name: SIEBER, GUENTER H., GEORGIA
Owner name: STOFFEL, CORNELIA, GEORGIA
Owner name: FROEHLICH, RAINER W., GEORGIA
Owner name: PALMERS, MISCHA, GEORGIA
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AIRSAGE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:035308/0053


text:
Aled Haydn Jones (born 9 August 1976 in Aberystwyth, Wales[1][2]) is a Welsh radio editor, presenter and former radio producer. From 2004 until 2012 he worked on The Chris Moyles Show. He was a presenter on The Surgery on BBC Radio 1 between 2009 and 2015.
Jones was born to Hayden and Ann Jones in Aberystwyth, Wales, in 1976. He has a younger sister named Meleri. Jones is a fluent Welsh speaker. He attended Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth, a Welsh medium primary school, and Ysgol Gyfun Penweddig Welsh medium secondary before going on to complete a BTEC qualification in Media Studies at Swansea College.[2] He currently lives in London.
As well as being a producer of The Chris Moyles Show, Jones also presents Radio 1's Surgery on Sunday night as part of the BBC Switch strand.[4]
The Surgery with Aled and Doctor Radha (formerly known as the Sunday Surgery and more recently The Surgery with Aled) is a British radio show that airs on BBC Radio 1 on Wednesday evenings from 9-10pm. In 2008, Jones was a regular presenter on Radio 1's Sunday Surgery, providing cover for Kelly Osbourne while she was ill. In Autumn 2008, it was announced that Osbourne would be taking a break from the Sunday Surgery in order to film Osbournes: Reloaded in the USA with the rest of her family, and Jones became the regular presenter. In 2013 Jones was given a co host, Doctor Radha. In April 2015 it was announced that Gemma Cairney would present the show from June 2015.
Working with Chris Moyles[edit]
In addition to his career on Radio 1, he has also been a judge on the S4C Welsh language talent show, Wawffactor. He appeared as an extra in season 4 of 24, in episode 23, and was voted Rear of the Year in 2004.[5]
In November 2007, Jones appeared as a contestant in the BBC series "Celebrity Scissorhands",[6] in aid of charity Children in Need. The contestants had to learn how to cut hair and give various beauty salon treatments on volunteers, with the minimal amount of training. Jones eventually finished second in the contest, losing in the final to comedian Ninia Benjamin.
In March 2011, Jones was part of the ITV2 Show, OMG with Peaches Geldof in which he, alongside Geldof looked at understanding alternative lifestyles and subcultures.[7]
^ "Aled Haydn Jones Biography". BBC Wales. ^ a b "Aled Haydn Jones Profile". chrismoyles.net. ^ https://twitter.com/ahj/status/763363488521740288
^ "Radio 1 Surgery". 2009-02-15. ^ "Rear of the Year History". Rear of the Year. ^ "Aleds 'Celebrity Scissorhands' profile on the BBC website". BBC. ^ "OMG with Peaches Geldof". itv.com. External links[edit]
Aled Jones on Twitter Biography at BBC Wales
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aled_Haydn_Jones&oldid=742349257"	Categories: 1976 birthsBBC Radio 1 presentersLGBT broadcastersLGBT DJsWelsh radio DJsPeople from AberystwythPeople educated at Ysgol Gyfun Gymunedol PenweddigLiving people	Navigation menu
Cymraeg	Edit links	This page was last edited on 3 October 2016, at 05:04.

type: global

value: Wikipedia ( (listen) wik-ih-PEE-dee-ə or  (listen) wik-ee-) is a free content, multilingual online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers through a model of open collaboration, using a wiki-based editing system. Individual contributors, also called editors, are known as Wikipedians.


text:
Promotional value expires Feb 12, 2014. Amount paid never expires. Limit 1 per person, may buy 1 additional as a gift. Limit 1 per visit/order. Valid online or at any participating Jockey outlet store. To find a store near you, click here. Not valid for sale items. Merchant is solely responsible to purchasers for the care and quality of the advertised goods and services.
I love the Skimmies slipshort from Jockey!
Teresa E. · September 16, 2014

value: Groupon is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


text:
NEW: If you cannot make it down to Galvanize, join us via Google Hangout!
Or anything you're working on...
These will happen regularly (bi-weekly) and are designed to give people easy entry into the emerging community of civic innovators. Heck, you can even come and work on your own thing, sometimes it's good just to be around other people working on something new and innovative. So come and join us for some code and refreshment.
Michael L. Another fun and productive meeting with other civic minded hackers. 0 · May 8, 2013 A former member Great to meet everybody - looking forward to getting the iOS app up and running. 0 · May 7, 2013 Lionel E. R. Loved it! I always learn a ton. 0 · May 7, 2013 A former member Hi, is anyone driving from Boulder? 0 · May 7, 2013 Lionel E. R. Looking forward to it. 0 · May 3, 2013 10 went
1,560 Hacks
1,462 UXers
5,850 Entrepreneurs

value: Meetup is a service used to organize online groups that host in-person and virtual events for people with similar interests. It was founded in 2002 by Chairman Scott Heiferman and four co-founders.


text:
Motherscribe: This week my son was a spool of thread ...unraveling
I know one thing, BOY's mommy can write.
JCK, I'm sorry you are going through this. Peace and love to you!
OH JCK, these are the hard days. But I know you will get through them and both be the better on the other side. Hugs to you.
Stay strong and calm and nurture him - he will be all right. You're his mother and his firm foundation.
The first two paragraphs of this post are the best writing I've seen. I loved the description.I'm sorry you're going through this with BOY. This whole parenting thing can sure be tough sometimes. Hopefully the hardest part with him is now, and not when he is a teen!Hang in there.
the cutting an onion description is perfect. it's so hard to see the children we love changing and having hard times.

value: Blogger is an American online content management system (CMS) which enables multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003.


text:
Jean Paul Gaultier Shower Gel products for sale | eBay
Jean Paul Gaultier Shower Gel
1-25 of 127 results
JPG Jean Paul Gaultier Le Male All Over Shower Gel - New - HUGE 200ml - Original
**Free Royal Mail Tracked Delivery**Trusted UK Seller**
Brand: Jean Paul GaultierFormulation: GelGender: Men
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER LE MALE 200ML ALL-OVER SHOWER GEL BRAND NEW & SEALED FOR MEN
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER. 200ML ALL-OVER SHOWER GEL. Without alcohol, the fragrance of many ingredients would never be fully realized. But, when exposed to air, alcohol evaporates. When a fragrance is opened, it will be affected eventually although it will be a very slow and unnoticed rate (unless subjected to heat), the alcohol will evaporate, leaving a more concentrated fragrance.
5 product ratings5 product ratings - JEAN PAUL GAULTIER LE MALE 200ML ALL-OVER SHOWER GEL BRAND NEW & SEALED FOR MEN
Jean Paul Gaultier Ladies Classique 200ml Ladies’ Perfumed Shower Gel

Jean Paul Gaultier Ladies Classique 200ml Ladies’ Perfumed Shower Gel. This stylishly presented shower gel is a wonderful luxury gift. It comes in its original, unopened cylindrical presentation box with plinth. Ideal for Christmas or birthday gift.

Condition is New. Dispatched with Royal Mail 2nd Class.

Ending Sunday at 2:10PM BST3d 1hBrand: Jean Paul GaultierFormulation: GelGender: Women
Jean Paul Gaultier 2 Shower Gel 200ml NEW & sealed
Gaultier 2 from Jean Paul Gaultier is a fragrance that transcends gender and is made for humanity. It is a beautiful mixture of vanilla, amber and musk, moulded in unison to form a sensual second skin.
Brand: Jean Paul GaultierFormulation: Gel
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER LE MALE ALL OVER SHOWER GEL - MEN'S FOR HIM. NEW
12 product ratings12 product ratings - JEAN PAUL GAULTIER LE MALE ALL OVER SHOWER GEL - MEN'S FOR HIM. NEW
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER SCANDAL 200ml. SHOWER GEL. NEW & SEALED IN BOX
GENUINE & SEALED JPG SCANDAL 200ml. SHOWER GEL. YOU WILL RECEIVE EXACTLY AS IN PICTURE. ALL PICTURES ARE OF THE ACTUAL ITEM.
Brand: Jean Paul GaultierFormulation: GelGender: Women
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER BODY LOTION & SHOWER GEL JOB LOT CLASSIQUE
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER BODY LOTION & SHOWER GEL JOB LOT CLASSIQUE. Condition is New. Dispatched with Royal Mail 2nd Class.
Ending Friday at 10:40AM BST22h 10mClick & CollectBrand: Jean Paul Gaultier
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER LE MALE 75ml. EDT & 75ml. SHOWER GEL GIFT SET. SEALED
This fragrance is world famous and is acknowledged as one of the most distinctive, unique and instantly recognisable fragrances ever made. Intensive and sensible, modern and comfortably warm, masculine and gentle, Le Male is a magnetically attractive fragrance which seduces with its uniqueness.
Bnib New Jean Paul Gaultier Le Male Gift Set Eau De Toilette 75ml & Shower Gel

new In the box Jean Paul Gaultier Le male Gift Set

this Set contains

x1 Eau De Toilette Spray 75ml

x1 all over Shower Gel 75ml

smells Devine unwanted present .....

Dispatched with Royal Mail 2nd Class.

100% genuine

Jean Paul Gaultier Male Le Beau Cologne EDT Spray & Shower Gel Gift Set 75ml New
Jean Paul Gaultier Male Le Beau Cologne EDT Spray & Shower Gel Gift Set.

Both are 75ml size

Brand New, never been used. In a real fabric collector's Gift box
Ending Saturday at 3:18PM BST2d 2h
Jean Paul Gaultier LE MALE Shower Gel 75ml - NEW BOXED - UK STOCK
GAULTIER - LE MALE.
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER CLASSIQUE X COLLECTION 50ML EDT 100ML SHOWER GEL DAMAGED BOX
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER. 50ML EAU DE TOILETTE.
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER LE MALE GIFT SET 75ML EDT + 75ML SHOWER GEL - MEN'S FOR HIM
The differences are the amount or the concentration of oils that are in the scents. The higher the concentration of oils, the longer your scent will last, and the less you should need to apply. Illustration purposes only.
1 product rating1 product ratings - JEAN PAUL GAULTIER LE MALE GIFT SET 75ML EDT + 75ML SHOWER GEL - MEN'S FOR HIM
Classique by Jean Paul Gaultier Perfume 200ml Shower Gel NEW PACKAGING SEALED
Jean Paul Gaultier. Shower Gel. This item is New & Unused. NEW and 100% GENUINE. The Royal Gift Box.
1 product rating1 product ratings - Classique by Jean Paul Gaultier Perfume 200ml Shower Gel NEW PACKAGING SEALED
JEAN PAUL GAULTIER Le Male EDT spray 125ml, shower gel after shave balm Gift Set
£13.95 to £79.95
Click & CollectBrand: Jean Paul GaultierFormulation: Gel
Jean Paul Gaultier Le Gel Douche Shower Gel Full Size 200ml Brand New & Sealed
Ending 30 Aug at 9:57PM BST8d 9h
Jean Paul Gaultier Gel Body Cleansers
Jean Paul Gaultier Shower Gel in Fragrances for Female

value: eBay Inc. ( EE-bay) is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
Ron Paul = Snakes on a Plane : politicsjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | aww-Fitness-askscience-LifeProTips-gaming-gadgets-space-dataisbeautiful-Showerthoughts-gifs-TwoXChromosomes-OldSchoolCool-InternetIsBeautiful-Art-television-personalfinance-Documentaries-books-GetMotivated-food-DIY-worldnews-funny-news-todayilearned-history-movies-creepy-photoshopbattles-Music-WritingPrompts-tifu-Jokes-philosophy-nottheonion-pics-mildlyinteresting-UpliftingNews-Futurology-nosleep-sports-explainlikeimfive-videos-listentothis-IAmA-science-EarthPorn-AskRedditmore » politicscommentsrelatedwant to join? sign in or create an account in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/politicsuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 16 Jan 20080 points (35% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkpoliticssubscribeunsubscribe3,092,745 readers1,747 users here nowWelcome! Please read the wiki before participating.
created by speza community for 7 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSBritishEnglishPoliceContributor to Politics 101lusterDublinBenContributor to Politics 101hansjens47Contributor to Politics 101todayilearned83GreypoContributor to Politics 101CedarWolfContributor to Politics 101exoendonoeatnosleepThe JanitorJakeable...and 20 more »000Ron Paul = Snakes on a Plane (politics.reddit.com)submitted 6 years ago by [deleted]8 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...all 8 commentssorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandom[–]rotll 2 points3 points4 points 6 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted on"There is no such thing as bad publicity except your own obituary."
permalink[–]sundance1028 2 points3 points4 points 6 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI think what the poster is saying is that there's a lot of hype about RP online, but, even if he did make the ballot, there wouldn't be enough voter turnout to get him into office. permalink[–]w3weasel 0 points1 point2 points 6 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onAll that needs to happen is that enough people need to agree that that it's ok to like and vote for Ron Paul despite what the TV tells us to think...
Kinda the same way that everyone had to be told that they liked "Cheaper by the Dozen (1 and 2)", which clearly wouldn't be possible if people were thinking for themselves. Until they get the go-ahead from the idea box, they will continue doing as they are told... and there's far more of them than there are of us.
permalink[–][deleted] 0 points1 point2 points 6 years ago (4 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted oni don't get it
permalink[–]carsonbiz 3 points4 points5 points 6 years ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onmassive online hype, little real-world turnout
permalinkparent[–][deleted] 0 points1 point2 points 6 years ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onkill yourself
permalinkparent[–]Izdoy 1 point2 points3 points 6 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted oncarsonbiz has a point, I don't think it's an attack on Paul himself, it's just that the mainstream doesn't seem to take notice to him. I would love to see Paul on the ballot, and would vote for him in a heartbeat, but I don't think he'll actually make it. It seems the news media is ignoring him is all.
permalinkparent[–]TwoToke 0 points1 point2 points 6 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onSome people think that bashing a political candidate for no apparent reason is "hip" or "fresh". It's the latest fad...
permalinkparentaboutblogaboutteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpwikiFAQreddiquetterulescontact ustoolsmobilefirefox extensionchrome extensionbuttonswidget<3reddit goldstoreredditgiftsreddit AMA appreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. © 2014 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.close this windowyou'll need to sign in or create an account to do thatcreate a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember mecreate accountsign inusername:password:remember mereset passwordsign inWe care about your privacy, and we never spam. By creating an account, you agree to reddit's User Agreement and Privacy Policy. We're proud of them, and you should read them.close this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 27941 on app-74 at 2014-12-19 06:25:48.208627+00:00 running e25c71c country code: US.

value: Reddit (, stylized as reddit) is an American social news aggregation, web content rating, and discussion website. Registered members submit content to the site such as links, text posts, images, and videos, which are then voted up or down by other members.


text:
Enclosed Trailer - Brookshire Classifieds - Claz.org
Enclosed Trailer - Brookshire Classifieds
www.rvtrader.com/listing/2017-dutchmen+rv-kodiak+ultra+lite+286bhsl-5000317880
{{results.messagesById['http://www.rvtrader.com/listing/2017-Dutchmen+Rv-Kodiak+Ultra+Lite+286BHSL-5000317880']}}
www.rvtrader.com/listing/2018-forest+river+rv-wildwood+27dbk-5000033090
{{results.messagesById['http://www.rvtrader.com/listing/2018-Forest+River+Rv-Wildwood+27DBK-5000033090']}}
2018 Forest River RV Wildwood Heritage Glen 272RL, This Wildwood Heritage Glen travel trailer by Forest River offers a rear living area, kitchen island, and double slides, plus more! As you enter 272RL to your left you will find a slide out with a refrigerator, microwave, lots of counter space, three burner range, pantry, and an entertainment center with fireplace below. Along the rear wall the...
www.rvtrader.com/listing/2018-forest+river+rv-wildwood+heritage+glen+272rl-50...
{{results.messagesById['http://www.rvtrader.com/listing/2018-Forest+River+Rv-Wildwood+Heritage+Glen+272RL-5000310445']}}
2018 Forest River RV Wildwood Heritage Glen 300BH, A rear bunkhouse for the kids or guests, a kitchen island for the cook, a dual entry bathroom for convenience, and triple slides for more interior space are a few of the "must have" features in this Wildwood Heritage Glen 300BH travel trailer by Forest River.As you enter to your left there is a slide out with a refrigerator, counter space, and ...
www.rvtrader.com/listing/2018-forest+river+rv-wildwood+heritage+glen+300bh-50...
{{results.messagesById['http://www.rvtrader.com/listing/2018-Forest+River+Rv-Wildwood+Heritage+Glen+300BH-5000230508']}}
2018 Forest River RV Wildwood 27REI, Start your next camping trip in this double slide out, rear living, 27REI travel trailer by Forest River. This model also features a kitchen island and plenty of room for your family of five.Straight in from the door is the bathroom. Here you will find a wardrobe, a radius shower, a sink, a medicine cabinet, and a toilet.The front bedroom has a door for more...
www.rvtrader.com/listing/2018-forest+river+rv-wildwood+27rei-121620422
{{results.messagesById['http://www.rvtrader.com/listing/2018-Forest+River+Rv-Wildwood+27REI-121620422']}}
2017 Dutchmen RV Kodiak Ultimate 290RLSL, If you are looking for dual entry for convenience, a rear living area for entertaining, plus a private front bedroom with access to the bath, then take a look inside this Dutchmen Kodiak Ultimate 290RLSL travel trailer today! As you step inside the main entry you will find a 68" sofa with end tables along the rear wall. Two lounge chairs with overhead s...
www.rvtrader.com/listing/2017-dutchmen+rv-kodiak+ultimate+290rlsl-120813800
{{results.messagesById['http://www.rvtrader.com/listing/2017-Dutchmen+Rv-Kodiak+Ultimate+290RLSL-120813800']}}
2017 Dutchmen RV Kodiak Ultimate 291RESL, This Kodiak Ultimate travel trailer model 291RESL by Dutchmen is the perfect unit to enjoy camping time with friends. The main feature is the rear entertainment area including a 39" TV and fireplace.As you enter you will see a convenient bath straight ahead. The bath includes a shower with skylight, sink and toilet with overhead. To the right of the doo...
www.rvtrader.com/listing/2017-dutchmen+rv-kodiak+ultimate+291resl-121758601
{{results.messagesById['http://www.rvtrader.com/listing/2017-Dutchmen+Rv-Kodiak+Ultimate+291RESL-121758601']}}
2017 Forest River RV Wildwood 31KQBTS, With triple slide outs and a rear bunk house, everyone can have their own space inside the 31KQBTS Wildwood travel trailer by Forest River.As you enter the travel trailer, to the left there is a double kitchen sink, three burner range, microwave, and refrigerator. Along the opposite side of the trailer you will find a slide out with a sofa and u-dinette. N...
www.rvtrader.com/listing/2017-forest+river+rv-wildwood+31kqbts-121597888
{{results.messagesById['http://www.rvtrader.com/listing/2017-Forest+River+Rv-Wildwood+31KQBTS-121597888']}}
30-Sep-2017 Richmond, TX (20 miles) Boats for Sale
2011 Tahoe 225 Boat is located in Richmond,Texas.Please contact the owner @ 817-913-5681...Fishing features include a removable chair w/bow pedestal base location, port under-gunwale rod storage aerated livewel, as well as fish finder Bow stern swim platforms w/ladders storage compartments Color-keyed polyester Bimini top w/stainless steel frame Aft L-lounge wstorage cooler Enclosed changing ro...
817-913-5681 • www.boatingbay.com/listings/2011-tahoe-225-423708
{{results.messagesById['http://www.boatingbay.com/listings/2011-Tahoe-225-423708']}}

value:
Chatham & Clarendon Grammar School is a co-educational grammar school in Ramsgate, Kent, England, formed as a result of the merger of the boys-only Chatham House Grammar School and girls-only Clarendon House Grammar School in September 2011.
Chatham and Clarendon Grammar School is based across three main sites.


text:
Sebastian Stock: Latest News, Videos and Photos | Times of Indiaad blocker detectedWe have noticed that you have an ad blocker enabled which restricts ads served on the site.Please disable to continue reading.STEPS FOR DISABLING AD BLOCKERmore videosWatch latest videos from THE TIMES of INDIALoading latest videos...',{ class: 'nic_container ad_column1' });
: HI, My TimesLOGOUTSign InMoreMore Beauty PageantsPhotosVideosMore FashionSpecialsDebatePhotosVideosPlatinumTimes of IndiaMoreHomeHomeVideosTopTrendingNewsEntertainmentBeauty PageantsFilmfareTrailersHumourSportsTechLifestyleCelebsBusinessAutoMoviesMusicIndiaWorldWorldUSPakistanSouth AsiaUKEuropeChinaMiddle EastNew to CanadaRest of WorldMad, Mad WorldPhotosVideosFOLLOW WORLD BusinessBusinessIndia BusinessInternational BusinessPhotosVideosSectorsMoreFOLLOW BUSINESS CricketCricketNewsResultsFixturesColumnsPhotosLive Cricket ScoreFOLLOW CRICBUZZ SportsSportsCricketFootballTennisHockeyMore sportsFOLLOW SPORTS EntertainmentEntertainmentHindiEnglishTamilTeluguMalayalamKannadaBengaliPunjabiMarathiBhojpuriGujaratiMovie ReviewsMusicBeauty PageantsPhotosVideosFOLLOW ENTERTAINMENT TVTV NewsNewsTrade NewsTV ListingsMovies on TVSpecialsPhotosVideosHindiEnglishTamilTeluguMalayalamKannadaMarathiBengaliGujaratiLife & StyleLife & StyleRelationshipsHealth & FitnessBeautySpotlightFoodBooksHome & GardenFashionEvery Heart CountsHomeopathyPhotosVideosFOLLOW LIFE & STYLE PhotosPhotosMoviesCelebsFashionBeauty PageantsAwardsEventsTVSportsGadgetsNewsFOLLOW PHOTOS ePaperTravelLive TVAppsCouponsAll SectionsALLNews » Sebastian StockYou have searched for Sebastian StockLAST UPDATED : Jun 27, 2017, 09.05AM ISTALL ITEMS
Jun 10World championship leader Sebastian Vettel topped the times ahead of his Ferrari team-mate Kimi Raikkonen in Saturday morning's third and final free practice session ahead of Sunday's Canadian Grand Prix.« 12345678910»Most PopularFace-off between Chinese, Indian troops in Sikkim after PLA 'transgression'Sushma Swaraj posts video of her 2013 Lok Sabha speech interrupted by Meira Kumar149 killed, 117 injured as oil tanker explodes in PakistanFrom around the WebMore From The Times of IndiaRecommended By Colombia

value: Times Internet is an Indian internet technology company, based in Gurgaon, which owns, operates and invests in various internet-led products, services and technology. It is the digital arm of the Times Group, the largest media conglomerate in India.


text:
252 best Cooking images on Pinterest | Petit fours, Cooking recipes and Cooking food
Christmas DessertsChristmas BakingHoliday TreatsChristmas GoodiesVery Merry Christmas PartySnacks For ChristmasEasy Christmas Candy RecipesChristmas DishesHoliday BakingForward
Banana CakesCarrot Banana CakeBanana Coconut CakeCoconut FrostingBanana Cake VeganVegan Cream Cheese FrostingVegan Coconut CakeEasy Banana Cake RecipeFrosting For Banana CakeForward
Unicorn CakesUnicorn Birthday CakesBirthday Cake GirlsBirthday Cake CookiesBirthday TreatsRainbow UnicornUnicorn PartyHow To Stop Eating2017 Cake TrendsForward
Italian Cream Cheese CakeItalian CakeCream Cheese CakesCream CheesesBest Italian Cream Cake RecipeItalian Creme Cake RecipesItalian CookiesCream Recipes70th BirthdayForward
Italian Creme Cake Recipe This is my favorite cake. Maybe try to make it into cupcakes.

value: Pinterest is an American image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information (specifically "ideas") on the internet using images and, on a smaller scale, animated GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards. The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp and had over 478 million global monthly active users as of March 2021.