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Patent US6642613 - Techniques for joining an opto-electronic module to a semiconductor package - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention provides a technique for manufacturing a low cost device that provides a true die to external fiber optic connection. Specifically, the present invention relates to several techniques for joining an optical device package to a semiconductor device package. The first technique involves...http://www.google.com/patents/US6642613?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6642613 - Techniques for joining an opto-electronic module to a semiconductor packageAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6642613 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/947,210Publication dateNov 4, 2003Filing dateSep 4, 2001Priority dateMay 9, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE10223850A1, DE10223850B4, US6838317, US6858468, US7199440, US7247942, US20030189214, US20040048417, US20050100294, US20050117835Publication number09947210, 947210, US 6642613 B1, US 6642613B1, US-B1-6642613, US6642613 B1, US6642613B1InventorsLuu Thanh Nguyen, Ken Pham, Peter Deane, William Paul Mazotti, Bruce Carlton Roberts, Jia LiuOriginal AssigneeNational Semiconductor CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (28), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (13), Classifications (64), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetTechniques for joining an opto-electronic module to a semiconductor package
This application claims priority of U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/331,377, filed Aug. 3, 2001, entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR JOINING AN OPTO-ELECTRONIC MODULE TO A SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE.” This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/568,558 filed on May 9, 2000, entitled ARRAYABLE, SCALEABLE AND STACKABLE MOLDED PACKAGE CONFIGURATION and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/713,367, filed on Nov. 14, 2000, entitled “MINIATURE OPTOELECTRONIC TRANSCEIVER,” both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/922,358, filed Aug. 3, 2001, and entitled “MINIATURE SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE FOR OPTO-ELECTRONIC DEVICES,” the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5011246Jun 29, 1990Apr 30, 1991E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And CompanyHousing for an opto-electronic deviceUS5019673Aug 22, 1990May 28, 1991Motorola, Inc.Flip-chip package for integrated circuitsUS5139969Jul 1, 1991Aug 18, 1992Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki KaishaMethod of making resin molded semiconductor deviceUS5352926Jan 4, 1993Oct 4, 1994Motorola, Inc.Flip chip package and method of makingUS5487124Jun 30, 1994Jan 23, 1996The Whitaker CorporationBidirectional wavelength division multiplex transceiver moduleUS5579208Jun 2, 1995Nov 26, 1996Fujitsu LimitedSemiconductor device having a plurality of semiconductor chipsUS5608262Feb 24, 1995Mar 4, 1997Lucent Technologies Inc.Packaging multi-chip modules without wire-bond interconnectionUS5723369Mar 14, 1996Mar 3, 1998Lsi Logic CorporationMethod of flip chip assemblyUS5726079Sep 17, 1996Mar 10, 1998International Business Machines CorporationThermally enhanced flip chip package and method of formingUS5790384Jun 26, 1997Aug 4, 1998International Business Machines CorporationBare die multiple dies for direct attachUS5798567Aug 21, 1997Aug 25, 1998Hewlett-Packard CompanyBall grid array integrated circuit package which employs a flip chip integrated circuit and decoupling capacitorsUS5949135Dec 16, 1997Sep 7, 1999Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki KaishaModule mounted with semiconductor deviceUS6043430Feb 13, 1998Mar 28, 2000Lg Semicon Co., Ltd.Bottom lead semiconductor chip packageUS6201704Jun 10, 1997Mar 13, 2001Stratos Lightwave, Inc.Transceive module with EMI shieldingUS6236109Feb 1, 1999May 22, 2001United Microelectronics Corp.Multi-chip chip scale packageUS6258630Feb 1, 2000Jul 10, 2001Nec CorporationResin-sealed semiconductor device having island for mounting semiconductor element coupled to heat spreaderUS6305848Jun 19, 2000Oct 23, 2001Corona Optical Systems, Inc.High density optoelectronic transceiver moduleUS6316837Nov 30, 1998Nov 13, 2001Hyundai Electronics Industries Co., Ltd.Area array type semiconductor package and fabrication methodUS6316838Mar 20, 2000Nov 13, 2001Fujitsu LimitedSemiconductor deviceUS6318909Feb 11, 1999Nov 20, 2001Agilent Technologies, Inc.Integrated packaging system for optical communications devices that provides automatic alignment with optical fibersUS20010013645Apr 12, 2001Aug 16, 2001King Jerrold L.Semiconductor chip packageUS20010019173 *Apr 5, 2001Sep 6, 2001Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the sameUS20010048151 *Aug 6, 2001Dec 6, 2001Hyundai Electronics Industries Co., Inc.Stackable ball grid array semiconductor package and fabrication method thereofUS20020047216 *Nov 13, 2001Apr 25, 2002Tongbi JiangBall grid arrayUS20020089067 *Nov 6, 2001Jul 11, 2002Loctite CorporationWafer applied fluxing and underfill material, and layered electronic assemblies manufactured therewithUS20020100974 *Mar 3, 2000Aug 1, 2002Kenji UchiyamaSemiconductor device, semiconductor device mounting structure, liquid crystal device, and electronic apparatusJPH08125066A Title not availableJPS60202956A Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1National Semiconductor, "Packaging Databook", 1993 National Semiconductor, pp. v-xi to 1-3 to 1-4, 3-1 to 3-20, 3-30 to 3-31, 3-62 to 3-69. Please note: The year of publication is sufficiently earlier than the effective U.S. filing date so that the particular month of publication is not in issue.2S. Savastiouk, PH.D., et al. "3-D stacked wafer-level packaging", Mar. 2000, Advanced Packaging, pp. 28-34.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6713858 *Mar 31, 2003Mar 30, 2004International Business Machines CorporationFlip-chip package with optimized encapsulant adhesion and methodUS6767140 *Mar 3, 2003Jul 27, 2004National Semiconductor CorporationCeramic optical sub-assembly for opto-electronic module utilizing LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) technologyUS7035521Aug 13, 2003Apr 25, 2006Lockheed Martin CorporationMethod and apparatus for the integration of a VCSEL flex with a parallel optical transceiver packageUS7086786May 18, 2004Aug 8, 2006National Semiconductor CorporationCeramic optical sub-assembly for opto-electronic module utilizing LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) technologyUS7856705 *Dec 26, 2007Dec 28, 2010Ela Medical S.A.S.System and method for assembling and interconnecting functional components of an active implantable medical deviceUS8927332 *Dec 27, 2012Jan 6, 2015Micron Technology, Inc.Methods of manufacturing semiconductor device assemblies including face-to-face semiconductor diceUS9269695Nov 25, 2014Feb 23, 2016Micron Technology, Inc.Semiconductor device assemblies including face-to-face semiconductor dice and related methodsUS20030165303 *Mar 3, 2003Sep 4, 2003National Semiconductor Corporation, A Delaware CorporationCeramic optical sub-assembly for opto-electronic module utilizing LTCC ( low-temperature co-fired ceramic ) technologyUS20030203535 *Mar 31, 2003Oct 30, 2003International Business Machines CorporationFlip-chip package with optimized encapsulant adhesion and methodUS20050036754 *Aug 13, 2003Feb 17, 2005Lockheed Martin CorporationMethod and apparatus for the integration of a VCSEL flex with a parallel optical transceiver packageUS20060055080 *Nov 3, 2005Mar 16, 2006National Semiconductor CorporationSemiconductor package having flash-free contacts and techniques for manufacturing the sameUS20080184554 *Dec 26, 2007Aug 7, 2008Ela Medical S.A.S.Mechanical assembly and electrical interconnection of the functional components of an active implantable medical deviceUS20130115734 *Dec 27, 2012May 9, 2013Micron Technology, Inc.Methods of manufacturing semiconductor device assemblies including face-to-face semiconductor dice* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification257/686, 257/777International ClassificationG02B6/42, H01L23/498, H05K1/18, H01L25/10, H05K1/02, H05K3/40, G02B6/38, H01L23/02Cooperative ClassificationH01L2224/73207, H01L2924/181, H01L24/45, H01L2924/12042, H01L2224/45144, H01L2224/45015, H01L24/48, H01L2924/01033, H01L23/49838, H01L2924/01079, H01L25/105, H01L24/97, G02B6/4292, H05K2201/10121, G02B6/3897, H05K2201/0715, H05K1/189, H01L2924/01322, H01L2924/01082, H01L2924/01005, H01L2924/01027, G02B2006/4297, G02B6/4201, H01L2924/01006, H01L2224/97, H01L2924/01019, G02B6/3825, G02B6/3874, H01L2924/01029, H05K2201/09236, H05K3/403, G02B6/4239, H01L2924/01013, H01L2224/48247, H05K1/0219, H01L2224/16145, H01L2924/01076, H01L2225/1029, H01L2225/1058, H01L2224/45147, H01L2224/48465, H01L2224/48091, H01L24/73, H01L2924/00013, H01L2224/1134, H01L2224/13144, H01L2924/15747, H01L2924/10253European ClassificationG02B6/42C, H01L25/10J, G02B6/42D, H01L24/97, H01L23/498G, H05K1/02C2B2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJan 30, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: INVALID ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNORS:NGUYEN, LUU THANH;PHAM, KEN;DEANE, PETER;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012566/0745;SIGNING DATES FROM 20011211 TO 20020107Owner name: NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NGUYEN, LUU THANH;PHAM, KEN;DEANE, PETER;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012961/0564;SIGNING DATES FROM 20011211 TO 20020107May 4, 2007FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4May 4, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Apr 24, 2015FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Leo G. Ebben and Donna W. Ebben, Gilbert Dreyfuss and Evelynh. Dreyfuss; Donald Kaufman and Gloria Kaufman;eli Broad and Edythe L. Broad,petitioners- Appellants, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent-appellee, 783 F.2d 906 (9th Cir. 1986) :: Justia
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Ninth Circuit › 1986 › Leo G. Ebben and Donna W. Ebben, Gilbert Dreyfuss and Evelynh. Dreyfuss; Donald Kaufman and Gloria K...
Leo G. Ebben and Donna W. Ebben, Gilbert Dreyfuss and Evelynh. Dreyfuss; Donald Kaufman and Gloria Kaufman;eli Broad and Edythe L. Broad,petitioners- Appellants, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent-appellee, 783 F.2d 906 (9th Cir. 1986)
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit - 783 F.2d 906 (9th Cir. 1986)
Argued and Submitted Oct. 11, 1985. Decided Feb. 25, 1986
On January 1, 1969 taxpayers and others formed Whitney Farms, a general partnership created to hold real estate investments. A few days later, Kaufman and Broad transferred their interests in the subject property to Whitney Farms as a contribution of capital. The partnership took the property subject to the note and trust deed. Whitney Farms continued to hold the property until December 28, 1973 when the entire parcel was donated to Pitzer College, a qualified charitable organization under the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, 26 U.S.C. § 170 (cited hereafter as "I.R.C."). Pitzer accepted the gift subject to the note and deed of trust, which secured an outstanding obligation in the amount of $544,584 on the date of transfer.
We review the tax court's determination of property value under the clearly erroneous standard. Hokanson v. Commissioner, 730 F.2d 1245, 1249 (9th Cir. 1984); United States v. McConney, 728 F.2d 1195, 1200 n. 5 (9th Cir. 1984) (en banc), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S. Ct. 101, 83 L. Ed. 2d 46 (1985). Complex factual inquiries such as valuation require the trial judge to evaluate a number of facts: whether an expert appraiser's experience and testimony entitle his opinion to more or less weight; whether an alleged comparable sale fairly approximates the subject property's market value; and the overall cogency of each expert's analysis. Trial courts have particularly broad discretion with respect to questions of valuation.1 The tax court's decision to analyze the gift of encumbered property as a bargain sale is reviewed de novo. McConney, 728 F.2d at 1201.
* Treasury Regulation Sec. 1.170A-1(c) (2) defines the fair market value of property as "the price at which the property would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller, neither being under any compulsion to buy or sell and both having reasonable knowledge of the relevant facts."2 Both parties cite this regulation approvingly, but they disagree as to the "relevant facts." The amount a "willing buyer" would pay for the subject property depends, of course, on the uses to which he may put the land. As of the transfer date, all but 75 acres of the east tract was zoned for agricultural or residential use. The tax court found agriculture to be the highest and best use for the land and assigned a value of $600 per acre.3
Section 1001 states that "the gain from the sale or other disposition of property shall be the excess of the amount realized therefrom over the adjusted basis provided in section 1011...." I.R.C. Sec. 1001(a). Under section 1001, the phrase "other disposition of property" includes a gift of property. Treasury Regulation Sec. 1.1001-2(a) (4) (iii) provides: "A disposition of property includes a gift of the property or a transfer of the property in satisfaction of liabilities to which it is subject."
Taxpayers concede that the amount of the encumbrance on the property contributed to charity is an "amount realized." See Estate of Levine v. Commissioner, 72 T.C. 780, 789-91 (1979) aff'd, 634 F.2d 12, 15 (2d Cir. 1980). Taxpayers also concede that the contribution to charity is a disposition of property which causes the amount of the encumbrance to be an "amount realized" by the taxpayers on such disposition. Thus, taxpayers realized $544,584 from the transfer of the property to Pitzer because the college took the land subject to a note and deed of trust in that amount. But taxpayers contend that "not every disposition of encumbered property to a charity is a 'sale' to the extent of the encumbrance, but will be considered a 'sale' only where the taxpayer directly or indirectly realized a benefit from such encumbrance." Taxpayers then limit "benefit" to receipt of cash when a loan is placed on the property prior to the contribution or deduction of depreciation with respect to the amount of the encumbrance which had been included in taxpayers' basis under Crane v. Commissioner, 331 U.S. 1, 67 S. Ct. 1047, 91 L. Ed. 1301 (1947). We hold that every contribution of mortgaged property to charity is a "sale" and basis is computed under section 1011(b).8
The Supreme Court in Commissioner v. Tufts, 461 U.S. 300, 307-310, 103 S. Ct. 1826, 1831-1832, 75 L. Ed. 2d 863 (1983), however, established that taxation on relief from debt under Crane does not depend on any theory of economic benefit and applies to situations in which no depreciation deductions have been taken. The Court stated:
Tufts, 461 U.S. at 312, 103 S. Ct. at 1834 (citation omitted). When the taxpayers in this case gave the subject property to Pitzer College, which took the property subject to the debt, it was as if the taxpayers had been paid with cash borrowed by Pitzer College from the mortgagee on a nonrecourse basis, and then had used the cash to satisfy their obligation to the mortgagee. "When a taxpayer receives a loan, he incurs an obligation to repay that loan at some future date. Because of this obligation, the loan proceeds do not qualify as income to the taxpayer. When he fulfills the obligation, the repayment of the loan likewise has no effect on this tax liability." Tufts, 461 U.S. at 307, 103 S. Ct. at 1831. But when someone else relieves him of his obligation to pay the loan, it is as though the taxpayer had received cash and the transfer of the encumbered property to the charity is the equivalent of a sale without regard to any tax benefit theory. See Commissioner v. Peterman, 118 F.2d 973 (9th Cir. 1941) (transfer held to be "sale or exchange" within meaning of capital gains provisions even though transferor received no economic benefit); Freeland v. Commissioner, 74 T.C. 970, 977 (1980) (same).
The tax court concluded that there was a sale under section 1011(b): "we are convinced that [taxpayer's] charitable contribution of the properties must ... be treated as a sale or exchange." Guest, 77 T.C. at 25. In reaching this conclusion, the tax court relied on Freeland v. Commissioner. "We believe the holdings of Crane and subsequent cases decided in the light of Crane mandate the conclusion that relief from indebtedness, even though there is no personal liability, is sufficient to support a sale or exchange." 74 T.C. 970, 981 (1980) (emphasis in original). The Guest court then concluded that section 1011(b) applies "to both sales and exchanges, despite the sole use of the word sale in the statute." 77 T.C. at 25 (citing Treas.Reg. Secs. 1.1011-2(a) (1) & 1.1011-2(a) (3)) .
The IRS has consistently interpreted "sale" in section 1011(b) to include gifts of mortgaged property to a charity. Treasury Regulation Sec. 1.1011-2(a) (3) states:
Taxpayers maintain that the IRS's interpretation of section 1011(b) in Treas.Reg. Sec. 1.1011-2(a) (3) exceeds the scope of the statute. Our review of the Commissioner's regulations is strictly limited. We may set aside Treas.Reg. Sec. 1011-2(a) (3) only if it is not a reasonable interpretation of section 1011(b). "The choice among reasonable interpretations is for the Commissioner, not the courts." National Muffler Dealers Association v. United States, 440 U.S. 472, 488, 99 S. Ct. 1304, 1312, 59 L. Ed. 2d 519 (1979). Treasury regulations are valid if they "implement the congressional mandate in some reasonable manner." United States v. Correll, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S. Ct. 445, 450, 19 L. Ed. 2d 537 (1967). "In determining whether a particular regulation carries out the congressional mandate in a proper manner, we look to see whether the regulation harmonizes with the plain language of the statute, its origin, and its purpose." National Muffler, 440 U.S. at 477, 99 S. Ct. at 1307.
The plain language of section 1011(b) applies to sales to a charitable organization. Neither the code nor the regulations, however, define the word sale directly.11 This distinguishes the case before us from the Supreme Court cases cited by the taxpayers which have invalidated Treasury regulations because they were inconsistent with terms already defined by Congress. See, e.g., United States v. Vogel Fertilizer Co., 455 U.S. 16, 25-26, 102 S. Ct. 821, 827-28, 70 L. Ed. 2d 792 (1982) (regulation inconsistent with "brother-sister controlled group" because term defined specifically by the code); Rowan Companies, Inc. v. United States, 452 U.S. 247, 254-58, 101 S. Ct. 2288, 2293-95, 68 L. Ed. 2d 814 (1981) (regulation which defined "wages" to include value of meals and lodging in oil rig employees' salaries invalid because code definition of wages excluded these items).
In the absence of specific direction from Congress, we find that the Commissioner's regulation interpreting section 1011(b) is reasonable.12 The congressional mandate embodied in section 1011(b) is to offset the "combined effect ... of not taxing the appreciation and at the same time allowing a charitable contributions deduction for the appreciation." H.R.Rep. No. 413, 91st Cong. 1st Sess. 53, reprinted in 1969-3 C.B. 200, 234, U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 1969, p. 1699. Treasury Regulation Sec. 1.1011-2(a) (3) thus harmonizes with the origin and purpose of section 1011(b).13
On the date of the transfer to Pitzer College, taxpayers' property had an adjusted basis of $548,000 and secured an outstanding obligation of $544,584.1 The land was donated to Pitzer College subject to the note and deed of trust, which was without recourse against the taxpayers. Whether a gift of encumbered property to a charitable organization gives rise to a taxable gain under section 1011, even when the adjusted basis of the property exceeds the amount of the debt and when the taxpayers have received no economic benefit through relief from the encumbrance, is a matter of first impression in the courts of appeals. Statutory interpretation of the Internal Revenue Code involves a question of law reviewed de novo. Dumdeang v. Commissioner, 739 F.2d 452, 453 (9th Cir. 1984).
Taxpayers concede that the disposition of the encumbered land through the contribution to Pitzer College resulted in an "amount realized" to the extent of the indebtedness under 26 U.S.C. § 1001. See Estate of Levine v. Commissioner, 634 F.2d 12 (2d Cir. 1980) (in computing gain or loss from the "sale or other disposition" of property as the difference between the amount realized and the adjusted basis of the property, the amount of the encumbrance debt on gifted property constitutes amount realized), aff'ming 72 T.C. 780 (1979). The dispute in this case centers on the application of the basis provisions of section 1011. 26 U.S.C. § 1011.
The Service relies on Crane v. Commissioner, 331 U.S. 1, 67 S. Ct. 1047, 91 L. Ed. 1301 (1947), as authority for the proposition that an economic benefit is obtained by the discharge of a nonrecourse mortgage. In Crane, the Supreme Court held that a taxpayer, who sold property subject to a nonrecourse encumbrance, must include the value of the indebtedness in the computation both of the adjusted basis and of the amount realized upon the sale.
The primary ground for the Court's decision was the impracticality of considering the taxpayer's equity as the "property" interest for the determination of the basis, particularly in computing depreciation, because the equity constantly changes with amortization of the mortgage. Id. at 9-10, 67 S. Ct. at 1052; see also Commissioner v. Tufts, 461 U.S. 300, 305, 307, 103 S. Ct. 1826, 1830-1831, 75 L. Ed. 2d 863 (1983); 2 B. Bittker, Federal Taxation of Income, Estates and Gifts Sec. 35.2.4, at 43-19 (1981). (In fact, the taxpayer in Crane had claimed some $25,000 depreciation based on a basis of $250,000, which included the amount of the nonrecourse debt when the taxpayer inherited the property. 331 U.S. at 4.) As Bittker puts it, "The Court's interpretation of IRC Sec. 1001(b) [on amount realized] was, in essence, a by-product of the taxpayer's $250,000 date-of-death basis for the property and her concomitant right to compute depreciation on that basis." B. Bittker, supra, Sec. 43.5.2, at 43-19. See also Estate of Levine v. Commissioner, 634 F.2d 12, 15 (2d Cir. 1980).
The Supreme Court itself has recently backed away from this economic benefit reasoning. In Tufts v. Commissioner, 461 U.S. 300, 103 S. Ct. 1826, 75 L. Ed. 2d 863 (1983), the Court extended the result in Crane to a sale where the unpaid amount of the nonrecourse mortgage exceeded the fair market value of the property. In such a case, the landowner clearly does not have any incentive to maintain payments on the mortgage. Thus, under the Crane Court's reasoning, there is no benefit obtained by keeping up payments, such that relief from the nonrecourse debt would be analogous to a discharge of personal liability.7 However, the Supreme Court held that the result in Crane still applied to this situation, stating:
Id. at 307, 103 S. Ct. at 1831. See also B. Bittker, supra, Sec. 43.5.2, at 43-19.
The Court thus grounded its holding in Tufts on the practical implications noted in Crane, particularly that by including the amount of the nonrecourse debt in the calculation of the basis, the taxpayer is permitted to take depreciation deductions on that full amount. See Tufts, 461 U.S. at 309 & n. 7, 103 S. Ct. at 1832 & n. 7. As the basis is computed on the assumption that the taxpayer is obligated by the amount of the indebtedness, it naturally follows that the amount realized must reflect the indebtedness, subject to which the property is transferred. In addition, the Court noted that, because the amount of the nonrecourse debt is included in the basis, permitting the taxpayer to limit his realization to the fair market value of the property (where the debt exceeds that basis amount) would allow the taxpayer to recognize a tax loss on the sale for which he has suffered no corresponding economic loss. Id. at 313, 103 S. Ct. at 1834.
26 C.F.R. Sec. 1.1011-2(a) (3) (emphasis added).
Deduction allowed $ 11,494.36 Divided by Ebben's interest .035 ----------- Total deduction $328,410.29 Add: amount of note $544,584.00 ----------- Fair market value $872,994.29
7 The tax court attempted to explain the different values in terms of which party had the burden of proof. The taxpayers bore the burden of proving the property was worth more than the amount stated in the notice of deficiency, while the IRS had the burden of proving that the value stated in Ebben's notice was too high. This correctly states the rule, but does not justify the result. Ebben's notice did not include a specific value for the 75 acres zoned for industrial use, just an assessment for the entire parcel donated to the college. If the tax court had adequate proof to specify a value, it should have been the same for all of the taxpayers.
Fair Market Value = $588,996 Adjusted basis = $548,000 Nonrecourse debt = $544,584 (a) Ratio = Debt = $544,584 ----------------- -------- Fair Market Value $588,996 Ratio = .9245971 (b) Allocation of basis to sale Adjusted basis x ratio = Allocated basis 548,000 x .9245971 = $506,679.21 (c) Calculation of gain on sale Amount realized (nonrecourse debt) $544,584.00 Less: Allocated basis $506,679.21 ------------ Gain $ 37,904.79
The same calculation in Ebben yields a gain of almost $74,000. The difference can be traced to the role the fair market value plays in the denominator of the allocation ratio. A higher fair market value results in a smaller allocated basis and hence more gain.
12 The Tax Reform Act of 1969 significantly limited the tax benefits available from charitable contributions. See, e.g., I.R.C. Sec. 170(e) (1) (A) (restricting a taxpayer's deduction for contributions of property which would have produced ordinary income or short-term capital gain to the taxpayer's basis in such property); Sec. 170(b) (1) (D) (limiting maximum charitable contribution for long-term property to 30% of taxpayer's contribution base); Sec. 170(f) (3) (denying charitable contribution for the "free use" of property by a charity); see also Randall, Charitable Contributions After the 1969 Tax Reform Act, 11 Gonz.L.Rev. 869 (1976). Our approval of the IRS's interpretation of 1011(b) is thus consistent with the general intent of the 1969 Act to limit certain charitable contributions. The Senate initially rejected the bargain sale provision of section 1011 for fear that it would reduce charitable donations. S.Rep. No. 552, 91st Cong., 1st Sess. 82, reprinted in 1969-3 C.B. 423, 476, U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 1969, p. 1645. In conference between the House and Senate section 1011(b) was accepted without explanation, thus providing no insight as to the exact meaning of "sale."
13 The Commissioner introduced Treas.Reg. Sec. 1.1011-2(a) (3) twelve years ago. Our research discloses no substantial criticism of the Regulation during this period. When Treas.Reg. Sec. 1.1011-2(a) (3) was first offered for notice and comment, one commentator concluded that the Regulation was "too broad." Whitaker, Dealing with Outright Gifts to Charity in Kind, 30th Annual N.Y.U. Inst. on Fed. Taxation 45 (1972). The author's argument, however, is mainly directed at cases in which the donor transfers encumbered property and agrees to pay the debt. Id. at 73-75. That is not the case before us. To the extent the article criticizes sale treatment for gratuitous transfers of encumbered property without an agreement to repay the debt, it merely offers an alternative interpretation of Sec. 1011(b) which the Commissioner properly rejected. A rule excluding such transfers from Sec. 1011(b) would lead to odd results. If any cash were involved in the transaction, say $100, the contribution would be a bargain sale and hence an allocated basis would be used. The amount realized would have to include the $100 and the amount of nonrecourse debt. See Crane, 331 U.S. at 1, 67 S. Ct. at 1047. It is difficult to justify why a contribution without the $100 receipt of cash should receive a different basis under Sec. 1011(a). Treas.Reg. Sec. 1.1011-2(a) (3) is therefore a reasonable interpretation of Sec. 1011(b) in light of Crane and its progeny.
Fair Market Value: $588,996 Adjusted Basis: 548,000 Amount Realized (Debt): 544,584 (a) Ratio of Amount Realized to Fair Market Value ----------------------------------------------- Debt $544,584 ---- -------- Fair Market Value 588,996 Ratio = .9245971 (b) Allocation of Basis to Sale ------------------------------ Adjusted Basis x Ratio = Allocated Basis $548,000 x .9245971 = $506,679 (c) Calculation of Gain on Sale ------------------------------ Amount Realized (Debt) 544,584 Less: Allocated Basis 506,679 --------------- Gain: $ 37,905
3 An examination of the legislative history of section 1011(b) is uninstructive in this case. The committee reports provide no elaboration on the meaning of the term "sale." The House Report only includes an example of the provision, describing a standard sale of appreciated property to a charity at cost (basis). H.Rep. No. 413, 91st Cong., 1st Sess. (1969), reprinted in 1969 U.S.Code Cong. & Ad.News 1645, 1701. Although the legislative history may be silent, I conclude the plain language of the statute mandates the result suggested in this dissent.
7 Indeed, the Crane Court noted it would have been an entirely different situation if the value of the property had been less than the amount of the nonrecourse mortgage. The Court acknowledged that, in such a case, the landowner who is not personally liable could not realize a benefit equal to the amount of indebtedness by transferring the property subject to the encumbrance. 331 U.S. at 14 n. 37, 67 S. Ct. at 1054 n. 37.

value: Justia is an American website specializing in legal information retrieval. It was founded in 2003 by Tim Stanley, formerly of FindLaw, and is one of the largest online databases of legal cases.


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Inspiration CAN be found EVERYWHERE!: The One Flaw In Women
By the time the Lord made woman,He was into his sixth day of working overtime.An angel appeared and said, 'Why are you spending so much time on this one?'And the Lord answered, 'Have you seen my spec sheet on her?She has to be completely washable, but not plastic,have over 200 movable parts, all replaceableand able to run on diet coke and leftovers,have a lap that can hold four children at one time,have a kiss that can cure anything from a scraped knee to a broken heart-and she will do everything with only two hands.'The angel was astounded at the requirements.'Only two hands!? No way!And that's just on the standard model?That's too much work for one day.Wait until tomorrow to finish.''But I won't ,' the Lord protested. 'I am so close to finishing this creation that is so close to my own heart.She already heals herself when she is sickAND can work 18 hour days.'The angel moved closer and touched the woman.'But you have made her so soft, Lord.''She is soft,' the Lord agreed, 'but I have alsomade her tough. You have no idea what she can endure or accomplish.'‘Will she be able to think?’ asked the angel.The Lord replied, 'Not only will she be able tothink, she will be able to reason and negotiate.'The angel then noticed something,and reaching out, touched the woman's cheek.'Oops, it looks like you have a leak in this model.I told you that you were trying to put too much into this one.''That's not a leak,' the Lord corrected, 'that's a tear!''What's the tear for?' the angel asked.The Lord said, 'The tear is her way of expressing her joy,her sorrow, her pain, her disappointment, her love,her loneliness, her grief and her pride.'The angel was impressed. 'You are a genius, Lord.You thought of everything! Woman is truly amazing.'And she is!Women have strengths that amaze men.They bear hardships and they carry burdens,but they hold happiness, love and joy.They smile when they want to scream.They sing when they want to cry.They cry when they are happyand laugh when they are nervous.They fight for what they believe in.They stand up to injustice.They don't take 'no' for an answerwhen they believe there is a better solution.They go without so their family can have.They go to the doctor with a frightened friend.They love unconditionally.They cry when their children excel and cheerwhen their friends get awards.They are happy when they hear about a birth or a wedding.Their hearts break when a friend dies.They grieve at the loss of a family member, yet they are strong when they think there is no strength left.They know that a hug and a kiss can heal a broken heart.Women come in all shapes, sizes, and colors.They'll drive, fly, walk, run or e-mail youto show how much they care about you.The heart of a woman is what makes the world keep turning.They bring joy, hope, and love.They have compassion and ideals.They give moral support to their family and friends.Women have vital things to say and everything to giveHOWEVER, IF THERE IS ONE TINY FLAW IN WOMEN,IT IS THAT THEY FORGET THEIR WORTH.
Awesome!! I've seen this before but it's always nice to see it again!!!!

value: Blogger is an American online content management system (CMS) which enables multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003.


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Maria’s Antiques New Website – Sacred Cheryl
Antiques and Flea Markets / My Photography	Maria’s Antiques New Website	August 8, 2012September 7, 2012 SacredcherylLeave a comment	I am very happy to have had the pleasure to build a website from my photography. Maria has a beautiful antique shop in Old town Lake Elsinore, and her one of a kind items are simply amazing and very reasonably priced. You can view her website here. http://www.mariasantiques.net/
Share this:PinterestFacebookMorePrintEmailTwitterTumblrLike this:Like Loading...	Maria's Antiques, New Website, Old Town Lake Elsinore	Post navigation
Previous PostA Cottage by the LakeNext PostSailing the San Diego Bay Leave a Reply Cancel reply	Enter your comment here...
Al Fresco Dining Antiques and Flea Markets Black and White Bohemain musing California Coast California Shabby Chic Color my world Eclectic Chic Eco Chic event designer Farmer's Markets Festivals French Chic Inspirations Life My Photography My Recipe Natural Simplicity Old world decor On location Romantic Old Towns Secret Wishes Shopping Simple morning pleasures Simply Earthy Town and Country Travel travel photography Uncategorized VINTAGE CLASSIC STYLE Wings August 2012

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Shorted SSYS at $76.03 today
by jabarnes1947
Shorted from $118 & $105
HP printer is a joke!
I feel like 3d printing some junk, I'll go get me a $1500 junk, oops I mean 3D printer...
Jan 6, 2015 6:49 AM
HP and the future of SSYS
SSYS is a good company but...
Nov 1, 2014 6:50 AM
buiying more
You have a chance today to sell SSYS
Remember me.. I'm thinking about returning to the sector. Awaiting Stratasys to be a n...
where is the top today?
HP is going to eat the lunch. Get out while you can.
Nov 12, 2014 9:48 PM
posse4park
76 or 77 on Tuesday and high 80s by Feb
h.p. supposed to make a 3 d printer
More LinksSummaryHistorical PricesInteractive ChartHeadlinesMarket PulseCompetitorsKey StatisticsInsider TransactionsIncome StatementBalance SheetCashflowTechnical Analysis Top Stories Asia shares inch ahead, euro steady as Fed meets Oil steadies after OPEC says prices may have bottomed U.S. oil well shut-ins start as crude rout batters small producers Microsoft profit falls on sluggish Windows demand, tax charge U.S. deficit to dip in 2015 as era of dramatic declines ends: CBO China's Li says to create 10 million jobs in 2015: China Daily 79.35+2.24(+2.90%)Jan 26 4:00 PMEST

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Ramesh cracks whip, warns foresters - Times Of India
You are here: Home>Collections>Forest Rights ActRamesh cracks whip, warns forestersRamu Bhagwat, TNN Apr 28, 2011, 07.27am ISTTags:Jairam RameshMENDHA (Gadchiroli): Issuing a stern warning to the country's forest bureaucracy, Union forest minister Jairam Ramesh said officials who fail to implement the Forest Rights Act, 2006, will be liable to face action. After the revolutionary step of handing over full community forest rights to Mendha, the first village in the country to get community right to harvest and sell bamboo, Ramesh told the forest officials that they need to change their mindset. "You cannot save forests without the involvement of people. And to involve people, it's imperative to give them a stake. That is what the Act intends – to give individual and communities living in and around forests a right to have their say and make use of minor forest produce," Ramesh said here on Wednesday.
The historic event was marked by handing over of the transit pass (book), required for movement of the bamboo after its sale, to the Gram Sabha of Mendha. The Gram Sabha and not the forest department will now regulate bamboo harvesting and its sale in the village. Ramesh's warning to forest officials assumes importance in view of their reluctance to implement the provisions on community forest rights. The law was passed in 2006 and its rules and regulations were framed in 2008. Yet, it was not implemented anywhere in the country – till Mendha Lekha happened. In fact, a few days ago, in response to an appeal by Ramesh, the state's principal chief conservator of forests A K Joshi had replied. He expressed reservations and claimed that the implementation could be detrimental for forest conservation. Ramesh lauded chief minister Prithviraj Chavan for taking the bold and courageous step to implement the FRA in its true spirit. "Today I want to send a loud and clear message that the Forest Rights Act overtakes the archaic Forest Conservation Act, 1927, which pitted the tribals against the forest department. FRA was being misinterpreted causing delay in its implementation. But from today, this will change. Bamboo is liberated. The true implementation of FRA, by passing on the financial benefits of community rights, begins today," said Ramesh. After bamboo, the next big step would be giving a similar right on tendu leaf, Mahua and wax for entitled communities, hinted Ramesh. Tendu and bamboo are the gross revenue earners for the forest department and at the same time a major source of corruption. Ramesh along with Maharashtra chief minister Chavan, Planning Commission member-secretary Sudha Pillai, state home minister R R Patil, forest minister Patangrao Kadam, trbal development minister Babanrao Pachpute, environment and cultural affairs minister Sanjay Deotale, local MLAs, top forest officials and Sunita Narain from the Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, and social activists like Mohan Hirabhai Hiralal of Vrikshamitra had supported Mendha village in its 20-year-long struggle to claim its community right. Village elder Devaji Tofa and the disciplined gram sabha which had the conviction to declare itself government at the village level, were instrumental in achieving this revolutionary success. Chavan said the handing over of the TP book to the gram sabha was not a small village function but a historical event. He noted that it was perhaps the first time that so many dignitaries had converged at a small village like this. He exhorted the people not to misuse the new power given to them and use it judiciously with responsibility so that forests are saved while sustaining livelihoods. He announced that a bamboo processing zone would be set up at Chamorshi in the district. He would also take up starting of an office of the National Bamboo Mission here, he said.
RELATED ARTICLESNAC member to lecture babus on forest rightsFebruary 13, 2011Mendha Lekha is first village to exercise right to harvest...April 23, 2011Govt changes forest law for tribalsSeptember 9, 2012IN-DEPTH COVERAGEForest Rights ActBambooFraTHE TIMES OF INDIA© 2013 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reservedIndex by Keyword|Index by Datewww.timesofindia.comFeedback|Privacy Policy|Terms of Use|Advertise with us

value: Times Internet is an Indian internet technology company, based in Gurgaon, which owns, operates and invests in various internet-led products, services and technology. It is the digital arm of the Times Group, the largest media conglomerate in India.


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Pressure-induced phase transitions of AX2-type iron pnictides: An abinitio study — Okayama University
Pressure-induced phase transitions of AX2-type iron pnictides
An abinitio study
X. Wu, G. Steinle-Neumann, S. Qin, Masami Kanzaki, L. Dubrovinsky
An investigation into the high-pressure behavior of AX2-type iron pnictides was conducted using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation. Our results demonstrate that a phase transition from the marcasite to the CuAl 2 occurs at 108GPa for FeP2, at 92GPa for FeAs 2, and at 38GPa for FeSb2, accompanying a semiconductor-to-metal crossover. A linear relationship between bulk moduli and the inverse specific volume is proposed to be B0 = 17 498/V 0-45.9GPa for the marcasite-type phase and B0 = 31 798/V0-67.5GPa for the CuAl2-type phase. According to the observed structural evolutions, we claim that the regular marcasite transforms to the CuAl2-type phase and the anomalous marcasite transforms to the pyrite-type phase at high pressures.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/18/185403
Wu, X., Steinle-Neumann, G., Qin, S., Kanzaki, M., & Dubrovinsky, L. (2009). Pressure-induced phase transitions of AX2-type iron pnictides: An abinitio study. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 21(18), [185403]. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/18/185403
Pressure-induced phase transitions of AX2-type iron pnictides : An abinitio study. / Wu, X.; Steinle-Neumann, G.; Qin, S.; Kanzaki, Masami; Dubrovinsky, L.
In: Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, Vol. 21, No. 18, 185403, 2009.
Wu, X, Steinle-Neumann, G, Qin, S, Kanzaki, M & Dubrovinsky, L 2009, 'Pressure-induced phase transitions of AX2-type iron pnictides: An abinitio study', Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, vol. 21, no. 18, 185403. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/18/185403
Wu X, Steinle-Neumann G, Qin S, Kanzaki M, Dubrovinsky L. Pressure-induced phase transitions of AX2-type iron pnictides: An abinitio study. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter. 2009;21(18). 185403. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/18/185403
Wu, X. ; Steinle-Neumann, G. ; Qin, S. ; Kanzaki, Masami ; Dubrovinsky, L. / Pressure-induced phase transitions of AX2-type iron pnictides : An abinitio study. In: Journal of Physics Condensed Matter. 2009 ; Vol. 21, No. 18.
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AB - An investigation into the high-pressure behavior of AX2-type iron pnictides was conducted using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation. Our results demonstrate that a phase transition from the marcasite to the CuAl 2 occurs at 108GPa for FeP2, at 92GPa for FeAs 2, and at 38GPa for FeSb2, accompanying a semiconductor-to-metal crossover. A linear relationship between bulk moduli and the inverse specific volume is proposed to be B0 = 17 498/V 0-45.9GPa for the marcasite-type phase and B0 = 31 798/V0-67.5GPa for the CuAl2-type phase. According to the observed structural evolutions, we claim that the regular marcasite transforms to the CuAl2-type phase and the anomalous marcasite transforms to the pyrite-type phase at high pressures.
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value: Elsevier (Dutch: [ˈɛlzəviːr]) is a Netherlands-based publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. It is a part of the RELX Group, known until 2015 as Reed Elsevier.


text:
Patent US7261802 - EDI module with stabilizing DC current - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA stabilizing DC current interface for an electro-deionization (EDI) water purifying module. Each EDI module comprises anionic/cationic membranes, a center pipe, nets/spacers in concentrate/dilute water chambers and an anode and cathode for coupling to the stabilizing DC current interface. Because a...http://www.google.com/patents/US7261802?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7261802 - EDI module with stabilizing DC currentAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7261802 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/614,536Publication dateAug 28, 2007Filing dateJul 7, 2003Priority dateAug 7, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN2565531Y, US20040027100Publication number10614536, 614536, US 7261802 B2, US 7261802B2, US-B2-7261802, US7261802 B2, US7261802B2InventorsGuorong Xu, Guolin LuoOriginal AssigneeZhejiang Omex Enviromental Engineering Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (2), Classifications (26), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetEDI module with stabilizing DC current
US 7261802 B2Abstract
A stabilizing DC current interface for an electro-deionization (EDI) water purifying module. Each EDI module comprises anionic/cationic membranes, a center pipe, nets/spacers in concentrate/dilute water chambers and an anode and cathode for coupling to the stabilizing DC current interface. Because a stabilized DC current is provided by the interface, the power to each EDI module is not influenced by water temperature, flow rate, water quality in the module, thereby providing a stabilized quality product water while saving energy. A plurality of EDI modules can be operated in electrical series using a DC current interface resulting in reduced DC power consumption.
1. An electrodeionization (EDI) module purifying a fluid flow which EDI module is energized by DC power between an anode and a cathode, which converts an AC source into a stable DC current comprises:
a transformer coupled to the AC source which can be adjusted for providing varying AC power at an output of the transformer;
a phase-controller for controlling operation of a rectifier base on the AC power and on a feedback signal from the DC power;
an autotransformer for adjusting said transformer to further adjust DC voltage/current output according to fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, fluid quality, or variances in the AC source or in the construction of the EDI module.
2. The electrodeionization EDI module of claim 1, wherein said autotransformer is automatically adjusted by an automatic control system which comprises:
a sampling circuit having an input coupled to said anode; a reference voltage circuit having an input coupled to an output of said sampling circuit to form an electrical power interface input, said reference voltage circuit comparing said electrical power interface input against a reference voltage to generate difference signal; an amplifier for amplifying said difference signal; and
a DC motor having an electrical power input coupled to a DC power supply through a switch controlled by said amplifier, said DC motor having a mechanical output coupled to and controlling a spindle of said autotransformer based on said difference signal.
3. The electrodeionization EDI module of claim 1, wherein said feedback signal comprises a voltage signal.
4. The electrodeionization EDI module of claim 1, wherein said rectifier is a full-wave rectifier.
5. The electrodeionization EDI module of claim 1, wherein said rectifier comprises a single-phase rectifier.
6. The electrodeionization EDI module of claim 1, wherein said rectifier comprises a three-phase rectifier.
7. The EDI module of claim 1, further comprising alternating anionic and cationic membranes which define alternating fluid chambers and concentrate chambers for conveying said fluid flow and a concentrate flow, respectively, said fluid chambers comprising ion exchange resins, all of which are spirally-wound around a central conductive pipe and all of which are contained within a conductive lining, said central conductive pipe comprising said cathode and said conductive lining comprising said anode, said cathode and said anode being connected to an electrical interface respectively.
8. An EDI module according to claim 7, wherein the electrical power interface further comprises an automatic control system coupled to an autotransformer for automatically adjusting said autotransformer.
9. An EDI module according to claim 8, wherein said automatic control system comprises: a sampling circuit having an input coupled to said anode; a reference voltage circuit having an input coupled to an output of said sampling circuit to form an electrical power interface input, said reference voltage circuit comparing said electrical power interface input against a reference voltage to generate difference signal; an amplifier for amplifying said difference signal; a DC motor having an electrical power input coupled to a DC power supply through a switch controlled by said amplifier, said DC motor having a mechanical output coupled to and controlling a spindle of said autotransformer based on said difference signal.
10. An EDI module according to claim 7, wherein said feedback signal comprises a voltage signal.
11. An EDI module according to claim 7, wherein said rectifier is a full-wave rectifier.
12. An EDI module according to claim 7, wherein said rectifier comprises a single-phase rectifier.
13. An EDI module according to claim 7, wherein-said rectifier comprises a three-phase rectifier.
14. The EDI module of claim 11, wherein the electrical power interface comprises a transformer coupled to the AC source that is adjustable for providing varying AC power at the transformer output and a phase-controller for controlling the operation of a rectifier based on the AC power and on a feedback signal from the DC power.
15. The EDI module of claim 14, wherein the transformer comprises an autotransformer.
16. A method for providing a stable DC current to the electrodeionization (EDI) module of claim 1 from an alternating current (AC) source wherein the at least one EDI module purifies a fluid flow when DC power is provided between an anode and a cathode of the EDI module, said method comprising a step of rectifying the AC power from the AC source into DC power using phase control and DC power feedback to stabilize the DC current after rectification that is unaffected by the fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, fluid quality, or variances in the AC source or in the construction of the at least one EDI module.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said step of rectifying the AC power comprises synchronizing a phase controller with the AC power.
18. The method claim 17, wherein said step of rectifying the AC power comprises feeding back a voltage signal from the DC power to said phase controller.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein said phase controller uses proportional/integral control to generate pulse commands to a rectifier.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein said step of using proportional/integral control permits the control of pulse command parameters.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein said pulse command parameters include pulse width.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein said pulse command parameters include pulse amplitude.
23. The method of claim 20, wherein said pulse command parameters include pulse edge slope.
24. The method of claim 19, wherein step of rectifying the AC power into DC power comprises disposing an autotransformer between the AC source and a rectifier, said autotransformer being adjustable.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein said step of disposing an autotransformer between the AC source and said rectifier comprises automatically controlling the adjustment of said autotransformer based on said DC current.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of automatically controlling the adjustment of said autotransformer comprises: coupling a DC motor output to said autotransformer; continuously comparing a portion of said DC power to a reference and using a difference between said portion of said DC power and said reference to activate said DC motor.
27. At least two electrodeionization (EDI) modules of claim 1 connected in electrical series for purifying a fluid flow which are energized by DC power between an anode of one of said at least two EDI modules and a cathode of the other one of said at least two EDI modules, wherein the DC power energizes the EDI module with stable DC current with a stable DC current that is converted from an AC source by an electrical power interface which further adjusts the DC voltage/current output so that the DC current that energizes the EDI module is unaffected by the fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, fluid quality, or variances in the AC source or in the construction of the EDI module.
28. At least two EDI modules according to claim 27, wherein said electrical power interface comprises a transformer that is coupled to the AC source, which transformer is adjustable for varying AC power at an output of the transformer, a phase-controller for controlling the operation of a rectifier based on the AC power and a feedback signal from the -DC power, said rectifier having a positive node and a negative node, and wherein said positive node is coupled to the anode of at least one of the at least two EDI modules and wherein said negative node is coupled to the cathode of another one of said at least two EDI modules, and wherein the cathode of at least one of the at least two EDI modules is coupled to the anode of said another one of said at least two EDI modules.
29. A method for providing a DC current to at least two electrodeionization (EDI) modules of claim 1 that are connected in electrical series, from an alternating current (AC) source wherein the at least two EDI modules purify a fluid flow when DC power is provided between an anode of one of said at least two EDI modules and a cathode of the other one of said at least two EDI modules, said method comprising a step of rectifying the AC power from the AC source into DC power and powering said at least two EDI modifies with the same DC current.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein said step of rectifying the AC power comprises using phase control and DC power feedback to stabilize the DC current after rectification that is unaffected by the fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, fluid quality, or variances in the AC source or in the construction of the at least EDI module.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein said step of rectifying the AC power comprises synchronizing a phase controller with the AC power.
32. The method claim 31, wherein said step of rectifying the AC power comprises feeding back a voltage signal from the DC power to said phase controller.
33. The method of claim 30, wherein said phase controller uses proportional/integral control to generate pulse commands to a rectifier.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein said step of using proportional/integral control permits the control of pulse command parameters.
This application claims the benefit under �119 (a) of Chinese Patent Application No. 02266165.4 filed on Aug. 7, 2002 entitled SPIRAL WIND EDI MODULE WITH STABILIZING CURRENT DC and whose entire disclosure is incorporated by reference herein.
This invention relates to an electro-deionization (EDI) water producing apparatus adapted to transfer ions in a liquid under the influence of an electric field, and more particularly, to such an EDI apparatus that utilizes stabilizing DC current.
Previously, various techniques have been developed to purify and isolate liquids or to obtain concentrated pools of specific ions or molecules from a liquid mixture, such as electrodialysis, liquid chromatography, membrane filtration, ion exchange, etc. Electro-deionization (EDI) is a technique that removes ionizable species from liquids using electrically-active media in an electrical potential to influence ion transport. The electrically-active media may alternatively collect and discharge ionizable species, or facilitate the transport of ions continuously by ionic or electronic substitution mechanisms.
The first apparatus and method for treating liquids by EDI was described by Kollsman in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,689,826 and 2,815,320. Improved EDI systems have been shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,925,541; 4,931,160 and 5,316,637. The typical structure of a module used for EDI includes alternating electroactive semi-permeable anion and cation ion exchange membranes in a stack mechanical sheet type structure.
An EDI apparatus having a helical configuration is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,528 (the '528 patent, which is based upon Chinese Patent No. 98223514) and whose entire disclosure is incorporated by reference herein. In the '528 patent, an insulated net-separating wall is positioned between a pair of anion and cation exchange membranes to form a special membrane bag type flow unit (hereinafter referred to a �first flow unit�). Each first flow unit is linked with at least one slot on a side wall of a central pipe, and is rolled to form a spiral wounded cylinder structure which centers on the central pipe. A conductive crust or shell is formed by winding metal outside the cylinder and electrically-active media (e.g., ion exchange resin) is inserted into the regions between the membrane bags to form a second flow unit. The product is enclosed by a housing with dome-shaped covers.
Previously, because of the electrode configuration, (for example Chinese Patent No. 98223514 which uses simple bridge-type rectification), energizing such EDI modules, unstable currents between the electrodes are experienced due to variances which include factors such as, but not limited to, unstable or fluctuating feedwater temperature, feedwater flow rate and feedwater quality, unstable or fluctuating EDI module input voltage, variances in construction of EDI modules themselves, etc., resulting in unstable product water quality. Thus, there remains a need for stabilizing these currents between the electrodes. There also remains a need for configuring a plurality of EDI modules with an electrical power interface while reducing the current requirement.
An electrical power interface for energizing at least one electrodeionization (EDI) module from an alternating current (AC) source wherein the at least one EDI module purifies a fluid (e.g., water) flow when DC power is provided between an anode and a cathode of the at least one EDI module. The electrical power interface converts the power from the AC source into stable DC power that is unaffected by the fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, fluid quality, or variances in the AC source or in the construction of the at least EDI module (e.g., unstable or fluctuating feedwater temperature, feedwater flow rate and feedwater quality, unstable or fluctuating EDI module input voltage, variances in manufacturing of EDI modules themselves, etc.).
A method for providing a stable DC current to at least one electrodeionization (EDI) module from an alternating current (AC) source wherein the at least one EDI module purifies a fluid (e.g., water) flow when DC power is provided between an anode and a cathode of the at least one EDI module. The method comprises the step of: rectifying the AC power from the AC source into DC power using phase control and DC power feedback to stabilize the DC current after rectification that is unaffected by the fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, fluid quality, or variances in the AC source or in the construction of the at least one EDI module (e.g., unstable or fluctuating feedwater temperature, feedwater flow rate and feedwater quality, unstable or fluctuating EDI module input voltage, variances in manufacturing of EDI modules themselves, etc.).
An electrical power interface for energizing at least two electrodeionization (EDI) modules connected in electrical series from an alternating current (AC) source, the at least two EDI modules purifying a fluid (e.g., water) flow when DC power is provided between an anode of one of the at least two EDI modules and a cathode of the other one of the at least two EDI modules. The electrical power interface comprises a rectifier for converting the power from the AC source into DC power and wherein the rectifier powers the at least two modules with the same DC current.
A method for providing a DC current to at least two electrodeionization (EDI) modules, connected in electrical series, from an alternating current (AC) source wherein the at least two EDI modules purify a fluid (e.g., water) flow when DC power is provided between an anode of one of the at least two EDI modules and a cathode of the other one of the at least two EDI modules. The method comprises the step of: rectifying the AC power from the AC source into DC power and powering the at least two EDI modules are energized with the same DC current.
FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary electrodeionization (EDI) module, a spiral-wound EDI module, along its longitudinal axis as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,528;
FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary electrodeionization (EDI) module, a spiral-wound EDI module, along its transverse axis as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,528;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of the present invention providing stable DC current output to the EDI module for a single phase AC input;
FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of an exemplary rectifier used in the present invention for a single-phase AC input;
FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of an exemplary rectifier used in the present invention for a three-phase AC input;
FIG. 5 is an exemplary functional diagram of a rectifier control board used in the present invention for a three-phase AC input;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the present invention using an automatic control system for automatically adjusting the DC output using a single-phase AC input; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic of the present invention providing stable DC current output to a plurality of EDI modules coupled in series thereto and using a single-phase AC input.
Before a discussion of the present invention is made, a discussion of an exemplary EDI module, e.g., a spiral-wound EDI module, is given. FIG. 1 of the present application corresponds to FIG. 3 of the '528 patent (discussed earlier). However, it should be understood that the spiral-wound EDI module is given by way of example only and that the present invention has applicability to EDI modules in general.
A practical example: As shown most clearly in FIG. 1A, concentrate C enters a metallic pipe 1 which is centered in the EDI module. The center pipe 1 includes an obstruction OB positioned half-way down the pipe 1. The center pipe 1 serves as the cathode of the spiral-wound EDI. The top half of the pipe 1 serves as a collecting chamber CC of concentrate and the bottom half of the pipe serves as a supplying chamber SC of concentrate. Concentrate flow CF is through a concentrate distribution aperture 16, around a guide band 22 and then into concentrate gathering aperture 17.
As shown most clearly in FIG. 1B, alternating anionic/cationic membranes form a concentrate chamber 5 having concentrate spacers (through which the concentrate flow CF passes) and a dilute chamber 4 having dilute spacers/ion exchange resins through which the purified liquid passes. These spiral membranes, chambers and spacers are wound around the center pipe 1 together to form a cylinder.
A metallic lining 2 covers the cylinder and serves as the anode. All of the foregoing is enclosed within a pressure vessel 3 outer wall.
The invention 20 of the present application is shown in FIG. 2. AC power (e.g., 220VAC) is coupled to the primary input coil of a transformer T which is an adjustable single-phase self-coupling transformer (e.g., an autotransformer). The secondary output coil of the transformer T is coupled to a rectifier ZD (e.g., IRKT105/1600V rectifier by International Rectifier) through a filtering network comprising a series resistor R1 and capacitor C1 which is connected across the input of the rectifier ZD. Control of the rectifier ZD is achieved by a rectifier control board 22 (e.g., KCR-S2 by Changzou Heat Control, Inc.) which uses feedback from the positive DC output of the rectifier ZD via a current distributor CD (e.g., DC30A/75 mW, or resistor); a fuse F (e.g., RSO-30A) is provided for safety. The positive DC regulation node N2 is coupled to the metallic lining 2 (anode) of the EDI module while the return DC node N1 is coupled to the metal pipe 1 (cathode) of the EDI module; terminals (not shown) on the EDI module for coupling to the nodes N1/N2 are available on the outer wall of the pressure vessel 3. To facilitate the operator in obtaining the proper DC current and voltage output, an ammeter A and voltmeter V are provided, as shown in FIG. 2. Thus, the operator can manually adjust the autotransformer T to obtain the proper DC current/voltage output by monitoring the ammeter A and voltmeter V.
As shown in FIG. 3, the rectifier ZD may comprise a plurality of silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs, or thyristors, or triacs, such as the TMXC10, etc.) and capacitors (e.g., 0.47 μF/1000V) and resistors (e.g., 120 Ω/20 W) in a bridge configuration. The gate inputs of the silicon controlled rectifiers are controlled by the RCB 22.
A functional diagram of the RCB is shown in FIG. 4 based on a three-phase AC input using a three-phase rectifier ZD′, it being understood that use of single phase or two-phase AC input would comprise a simpler RCB configuration but using the same principle of operation; thus, the RCB for three-phase operation is hereinafter referenced as RCB 22′.
The RCB 22′ (e.g., a KCR-S3A by Changzou Heat Control, Inc.) provides the phase-control (e.g., KC785 or TCA785 phase controller integrated circuits, etc.) to the rectifier ZD by controlling the conduction of each SCR based on synchronization with the AC input. The RCB 22′ generates precise pulse commands to each gate of the individual SCRs in the rectifier ZD′ to rectify the AC input power. As shown in FIG. 4, the RCB 22′ uses proportional/integral (PI) control, along with the feedback signal (e.g., voltage feedback, 1-5VDC) from the current distributor CD, and in synchronization with the AC input, to generate precise pulse commands (e.g., pulse command parameters such as pulse width, amplitude, rising/falling edge slopes, etc.) to the rectifier ZD′. An external potentiometer P permits the PI control to be adjusted accordingly to achieve the stabilized DC current/voltage output. In operation, the RCB 22′ operates continuously to fire the SCRs precisely to generate and maintain the stable DC current and voltage.
When the EDI module is initially energized, the output voltage of the rectifier is incrementally raised to 300VDC; at the same time, the current increases as the conductivity of the concentrate chamber 5 in the EDI module increases. Once the current begins to exceed 2.5 Amps, the voltage is adjusted to maintain the current at this amperage, thereby obtaining a stable quality water product.
As mentioned earlier, the operator can manually adjust the autotransformer T to obtain the proper DC current/voltage output by monitoring the ammeter A and voltmeter V. However, it should be understood that an automatic control system 100 (FIG. 6) can also be implemented to automatically adjust the DC voltage/current, without the need for manual intervention. By way of example only, using a single-phase AC input, the spindle S of the autotransformer T can be coupled with the rotational axis RA of a minitype DC motor 110 and a gear box 112. The DC motor 110 is coupled to a constant current DC power supply 108 that is controlled by the automatic control system 100. The automatic control system 100 comprises a sampling circuit 102, a reference voltage circuit 104, an amplifying circuit 106, the DC power supply 108, the DC motor 110 and the gear box 112. As a function of the sampling circuit 102 and the reference voltage circuit 104, the DC voltage is constantly compared to the reference voltage and the difference is amplified by the amplifying circuit 106. The output of the amplifying circuit 106 activates the DC motor 110 to operate the spindle S of the autotransformer T to adjust the voltage, thereby stabilizing the DC output current.
Thus, by using the electrical power interface 20/20′ of the present invention of FIG. 2/FIG. 4 for any EDI module (not just spiral-wound EDI modules), the result is the establishment of a stable DC current indicative of a stable qualified product water which avoids the influence of variances such as, but not limited to, unstable or fluctuating feedwater temperature, feedwater flow rate and feedwater quality, unstable or fluctuating EDI module input voltage, variances in the manufacturing or construction of the EDI modules themselves, etc.
Another advantage of using this stable DC power interface is that an energy saving in DC power consumption is achieved. In particular, the present invention 20/20′ provides for the electrical serial connection of a plurality of EDI modules, thereby reducing the current requirement. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of EDI modules are connected in series between the regulation node N2 and the return node N1 of the present invention 20 (it being understood that a plurality of EDI modules could also be serially-coupled to the present invention 20′). Currently, where a plurality of EDI modules are used, they are connected in parallel and, if the modules are running at near full load, the power requirements are approximately 160VDC@6 amps. As can be appreciated, the use of two or more such parallel-configured EDI modules requires a large draw of current (e.g., 12 amps for two EDI modules, 18 amps for three EDI modules, etc.). In contrast, using the present invention 20 where stable DC currents can be generated, two or more EDI modules can be connected in series without having to increase the current (FIG. 7). Thus, by increasing the DC voltage across the regulation node N2/return node N1, (e.g., 320VDC for two EDI modules, 480VDC for three EDI modules, etc.) these serial-connected EDI modules can be operated with no extra current draw. Not only does this reduce the DC power consumption but it reduces the required size of rectifier in half. Furthermore, it should be understood that it is within the broadest scope of the present invention to include the automatic control system 100 (FIG. 6) for automatically controlling the electrical power interface 20 where a plurality of EDI modules are coupled to the present invention 20/20′ in series.
It should be understood that it is within the broadest scope of the present invention to include the electrical series connection of at least two EDI modules to any electrical power interface, not just the electrical power interface 20/20′. Thus, for the reasons discussed above, the reduced power consumption is achieved through the electrical series connection of the EDI modules to an electrical power interface, including the electrical power interface 20/20′.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2689826Jul 21, 1950Sep 21, 1954Kollsman PaulElectrodialytic apparatusUS2815320Oct 23, 1953Dec 3, 1957Paul KollsmanMethod of and apparatus for treating ionic fluids by dialysisUS3226628 *Feb 4, 1963Dec 28, 1965Forbro Design CorpAlternating current voltage/current regulated power supplyUS4925541Sep 18, 1986May 15, 1990Millipore CorporationElectodeionization apparatus and methodUS4931160Nov 23, 1988Jun 5, 1990Millipore CorporationElectrodeionization method and apparatusUS5292422Sep 15, 1992Mar 8, 1994Ip Holding CompanyModules for electrodeionization apparatusUS5316637Aug 28, 1992May 31, 1994Ip Holding CompanyElectrodeionization apparatusUS5532894 *Jul 11, 1994Jul 2, 1996Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyOvervoltage protection circuitUS5558753 *May 9, 1995Sep 24, 1996U.S. Filter/Ionpure, Inc.Polarity reversal and double reversal electrodeionization apparatus and methodUS6190528Mar 12, 1999Feb 20, 2001Xiang LiHelical electrodeionization apparatusUS6274019 *Mar 8, 2000Aug 14, 2001Organo CorporationElectrodeionization apparatusUS6391178 *Jul 13, 2000May 21, 2002Millipore CorporationElectrodeionization system* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1English Translation of Chinese Application No. 02266165.4.2How the Omexell 210 Module Works-2 pgs.3Siemens, Phase Control IC, TCA 785, pp. 1-16.4The New Leader in EDI-Omexell 210 Module-2 pgs.5The New Leader in EDI-Omexell System-2 pgs.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8173003Nov 2, 2005May 8, 2012Zhejiang Omex Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd.Turn-back flow EDIUS8834663May 22, 2012Sep 16, 2014Dow Global Technologies LlcElectrodeionization device including ion exchange spacer and method of assemblyClassifications U.S. Classification204/628, 204/632International ClassificationH02M7/17, B01D61/54, B01D61/48, B01D61/44, C02F1/469, B01D61/52, G05F3/06, B01D63/10Cooperative ClassificationC02F2201/46125, B01D61/48, C02F1/4695, B01D63/10, C02F2201/4616, B01D61/54, G05F3/06, B01D61/52, H02M7/17European ClassificationC02F1/469D2, B01D61/48, B01D63/10, B01D61/54, H02M7/17, B01D61/52, G05F3/06Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJan 26, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 7, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: ZHEJIANG OMEX ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LTD., CHINFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:XU, GUORONG;LUO, GUOLIN;REEL/FRAME:014311/0913Effective date: 20030623RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

value: Google Patents is a search engine from Google that indexes patents and patent applications.


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Michelle Chapman on Pinterest
Pins from: Kendra Fletcher
Angela Collin LaVoie
30 Boards 5,655 Pins 226 Likes 291 Followers 128 Following Pin it
from Desserts With Benefits Healthy Nutella Fudge Protein Bars (sugar free, whole grain and vegan!)
sweetfreedomblog.com
Pumpkin Quinoa Breakfast Cookies. Cook ahead of time and freeze. Grab and go in the am!
from Little Bins for Little Hands Must Try Letter Sensory Activities For Kids
15 Must Try Letter Sensory Play Ideas Alphabet Hands On Learning
Everything you need to know about making a simple, Clean + Delicious smoothie! Print it out and hang it on your fridge! cleananddelicious...
kelliehorton.blogspot.com
New blog post about how to meal plan with the #21 Day Fix program. Check it out :) So excited!!
Feed Your Family on $300 a month
SAHM money saving tips
from STYLECRAZE 4 Amazing Pure Yoga Poses And Their Benefits
21 Day Fix approved chocolate ShakeO frosting! Just 2 ingredients, simple and healthy. Chill a can of coconut milk, then scoop the solid part off the top. Take 1/4 of a cup of the "solid" coconut and whip in 1/2 scoop of vegan chocolate Shakeology. Yum! Use as frosting or dip. Click for more ideas! www.amandajbush.com
Peanut Butter Shakeology Ice Cream Recipe - 21 Day Fix approved!!

value: Pinterest is an American image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information (specifically "ideas") on the internet using images and, on a smaller scale, animated GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards. The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp and had over 478 million global monthly active users as of March 2021.


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Lenorita: What's a Pysanka?
What's a Pysanka?
Ukrainian egg decorating. We are not Ukrainian as such, however our ancestors lived in the Ukraine after they left Germany, or was it Russia? They never considered themselves Ukrainian I know that - have to check the details!
Here is how we made Pysanka at home, however, as mentioned a fabulous source is www.babasbeeswax.com
Blow eggs and wash, leave to dry and plug holes with a wee bit of beeswax (either use a tiny whole at each end and carefully blow the egg out - i find it hurts my jaw these days so i bought an egg pump from the fore mentioned web site).
Outline your egg with a pencil on the egg itself (or not).
Use your kistka (egg writing tool - a tool that is used to apply the beeswax, again check out the website mentioned or others) to draw traditional or other designs on the egg.
Submerse egg in dye no 1. Colours should be used in order yellow, green (with a Q-tip or toothpick) orange, red, purple, blue, black. You don't need to use all colours, just in that order the ones you do use. We only use 1 dark colour, purple, blue or black to simplify. Not sure why the green is applied differently rather than egg submersion but it is so :-)
After dyeing, dry egg with paper towel.
Decorate another layer with beeswax using your kistka. The wax locks in the last colour you dies wherever you apply it. This is a resist. The wax, resists the dye.
Continue until you have used all the colours you want - this can be 1 or several. Dry egg with paper towel after each colour.
Use the heat of a blow dryer and a paper towel to remove wax. Be careful not to burn yourself with hot wax!
Ta da! Your first Pysanka!
April Project no 2!
Posted by Lenora at 5:14 PM
Labels: art, artful blogging, artful mama, Artful Mothering, children's art, Easter, Psanka, Pysanka, ritual, traditions, Waldorf Education
May Family Goals and Rhythm
Sunday Sketches - Frida
The Great Mother (Earth)
Sunday Sketches - Cleopatra!
Looking For Beauty in The Daily; The Busy
Easter Bread Καλό πάσχ!
Sharka's First Oil!


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Excellent location near the WTC - 墨西哥城(Ciudad de México)的公寓 出租, Ciudad de México, 墨西哥
Excellent location near the WTC
Cozy private room very illuminated, in Colonia Nápoles, one of the best located areas of Mexico City. Only a few blocks from the Colonia del Valle metrobus station, 6 blocks from the San Antonio subway and several parks, a safe building, very close to shops, restaurants and bars of all kinds, and tourist areas such as Condesa y Roma colonies.
We speak Spanish and English and some French and German.
Amazing Host! Location is great, supermarket, metrobus, world trade center everything is at 10 minutes by walk Pretty safe building, nice neighborhood and if I came back to DF that would be directly to this place.
來自Carola的回覆：
Thank you. I'll be glad to host and see you again. Best regards
Exelente ubicacion, hambitacion muy comoda, exelente servicio
Carola is a great host. Very friendly and helpful. She is very helpful but she gives you your own space. Even when I locked myself on the balcony Lol (my own fault) she was there to help. The neighborhoods very nice and central to outdoor markets, a supermarket, and the WTC area.

value: Airbnb, Inc. (pronounced  AIR-bee-ehn-bee and stylized as airbnb) is an American company that operates an online marketplace for lodging, primarily homestays for vacation rentals, and tourism activities.


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Looking out... always: Back!
the three blind mice 5 January 2013 at 03:38
Hello, Twilight fan! :D
I actually really liked the books. I just had a problem with the movie because I imagined Hayden Christensen playing Edward and I don't like Robert Pattinson. mehh.
And oooh new background!
Michelle 5 January 2013 at 11:24
Did you read them in English?
Yeah, Pattinson isn't really good-looking. Though I didn't have someone else in mind, I did imagine Edward more...well... beautiful. Ah, it's just a movie. They can all look how they want. My imagination rules it all out anyway.
best buddy and secret admirer 8 January 2013 at 13:15
mhm..its not grass! its wheat..and everything is edible...in small portions :D..
well i don't get the vampire hype, but if you truly want to see a good movie, a current one...check on "cloud atlas". peoples could even learn things from it!
apparently "Life Of Pi" is good as well, but i haven't seen it myself..so see for yourself!
but be aware, it might change your opinion on twilight :)
Michelle 8 January 2013 at 19:04
I disagree. It's not wheat. Wheat's heads are a lot thicker.
Oh my. I don't go to the cinema that often, but if you insist I might go and watch your recommendations.
Secret admirer? You're not secret. ^^
Francesca 21 January 2013 at 14:22
i was forced by parental duty to read the saga - before my boys could read it when it come out (this is the story I like to tell, in truth i didn't really need to read the WHOLE series, but i did, guess why?), but the movies don't interest me much, and now that i know that they killed a main character (so not to have to go on with the sequel, presumably) i'm even less interested.
Michelle 21 January 2013 at 18:34
Ah, I see. It's just a cover story. :-D
I think you might have skipped this part of my post: "Then it was revealed that it was just a vision. A could be. A possibility not come true." Spoiler: Nobody dies, so no worries. :-)
There are people in this world who insist to never watch a adaption from a book. Spoils their own pictures of it all.


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connection… | mvp - work in progress
← curry, cricket and saris
voiceless and more lessons… →
…internet comes and goes here, especially at night, sometimes it disappears for a couple of days…arghhhhhh. J the IT guy for the school and orphanage says it’s the Govt, deliberately holding things back…Apparently they provide free/cheap lines of communication but keep them deliberately crappy so people will switch to more expensive private companies and said Govt then gets a big kick back…
This entry was posted in commentary, india and tagged connection, internet. Bookmark the permalink.


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Ramblings of a Rainbow Unicorn: Interview with Paranormal Investigator Matt Cline
Paranormal investigation is something that has always been interesting to me. I love watching the investigations on TV but had never actually met a real Paranormal Investigator until last December. After meeting Matt, I started keeping up with the investigations that he goes on. To learn more about the paranormal group and the investigation process, I decided to interview Matt. Check out the in depth interview below. What paranormal group are you with?
I'm with Appalachee Paranormal.
Tell me a little about Appalachee Paranormal.
We are based out of Princeton, WV. We have been featured on Travel Channel's Paranormal Challenge with Zak Bagans TV show, have done countless investigations in West Virginia, Virginia, and surrounding areas. We also have hosted many public paranormal events, ranging from public discussions, presentations, and full scale public investigations.
What kind of equipment does the group use?
We use a wide variety of paranormal equipment. We have several various forms of EMF detectors, REM type devices, digital recorders, spirit boxes, temperature sensors, etc. We use a lot of experimental equipment from Digital Dowsing. We also have infrared and full spectrum video cameras and photo cameras. We have an 8-channel DVR camera system. We enjoy trying a wide variety of techniques and experiments with lots of different equipment.
How long does an investigation usually last?
It depends on the location. Some spots want you out by a certain time and things of that nature. But I would say that we typically investigate a location 4-6 hours. Some more, some less.
We like to start by touring the location. This gives us a chance to map out the location and often the owner will walk you through and give you history or experiences for particular spots. From there, we will do an EMF sweep of the entire location. This allows us to rule out any natural energy spots in the location. From there, it depends on the location. Typically, there are four of us on an investigation. Most places at this point we will break off into teams of two, switching partners and equipment throughout the night. If it's a larger location we will often stay together, at least for a period of time. During an investigation we use every technique possible to try to attempt to communicate.
What are some of the most active cases you have encountered?
There is a Catholic Church from the 1800's near us here in Princeton. It is truly the most active place we have ever been. We have done large, famous locations such as Trans Allegeheny Lunatic Asylum and Moundsville State Penitentiary, and those were great, but they don't compare in activity to this church. There are tons of questions to the reasoning of why this church may hold such activity that may never be fully answered, but it's a spot we can't stay away from because of the intense activity and mystery.
Do you have any examples of paranormal activity that you can share?
I will share a link of an investigation that we did in Bluefield, WV. We made a sort of webisode out of it and it contains several interesting incidences.
Also, you can search Appalachee Paranormal on YouTube and find most of our other online videos. Also check our website for evidence links.
What is the scariest situation that you have had while on an investigation?
The scariest situation for me, personally, was at the church I spoke of earlier. This was a personal experience that could never truly be understood or documented, but it was so intense for me that I know something truly happened. I was sitting in the 2nd row of pews on the left side of the curch. It's completely pitch black dark in here. Suddenly, I see something that appears to be darker than the darkness inside of the building slithering toward me. As it seemed to get closer it appeared to be, as I for some reason called it thereafter, a serpent. I literally started freaking out and jumped up to where I was standing on the pew to get off of the floor. Then, I looked back down where it had been and absolutely nothing was there. As I said, it's hard to even understand that. It honestly is for me too. But at the same time, I know what I experienced and how frightening it truly was.
I had always had at least somewhat of an interest in it. As a child, just through folk lore, stories, and horror movies. Then I got asked to go on an investigation by Jack Wade, another member of our team. I went with him and the team he was on at that time and absolutely fell in love. From there, myself, Jack, Jeff Griffith, and Tony Riffe formed Appalachee Paranormal and have been going strong since.
Where is one place, that you haven't investigated, that you would most like to?
The place I would most like to investigate that I haven't would probably be Gettysburg. The battlefields, the buildings, the whole works. I'm kind of a history buff and the tragic past from there is unbelievable.
How can readers connect with Appalachee Paranormal?
Website: www.AppalacheeParanormal.com
Facebook: Appalachee Paranormal
Twitter: @ap_paranormal
Email: appalacheeparanormal@gmail.com
You can find me personally at
Facebook: www.facebook.com/blueturtlegrass
Twitter: @blueturtlegrass
Email: blueturtlegrass@gmail.com
We are available for investigations, appearances, and events.
Follow me online: Facebook | Twitter | Pinterest
Sometimes my mind wanders; other times it leaves completely :)Leo • Fitness Freak • Beach Lover • Tattoo Lover • WWE Fan • University of Alabama Fan Twitter: @_MsAng_Blog: www.mylittlesideshow.blogspot.com
May TorresOctober 12, 2013 at 12:28 PMMy kind of stuff. ReplyDeleteAdd commentLoad more...
Interview with Jennifer McDonald, Founder of Jenn'...
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Scrap Metal, Raleigh, NC, Recycling, Junk Cars, Yards, Copper, Aluminum, Salvage, For Prices, pound: Old Appliance Disposal, Appliance Recycling, Washer, Dryer, Raleigh, NC, 919-828-5426
Old refrigerator giving you a hard time? Washer Dryer not working! Is a handyman quoting you at several hundred dollars to simply replace a bad compressor? Protect the wallet and don't waste your money on something that might well break again, especially if we're talkin' about a fridge from the '90s! Instead, bring your load to 2310 Garner Rd., Raleigh, NC, (across from the old YMCA) just south of Downtown Raleigh, NC, 27610 and get some money for that dilapidated appliance, whether it be an old refrigerator, microwave, dishwasher, dryer, washing machine, ice chest, or some other metal appliance, even if there's some plastic or glass on it. You can get rid of appliances six days a week at Raleigh Recycling! We are great at Appliance Recycling. Washers, Washing Machines, dryers, microwaves, we buy them all! We'll have you in and out, and our process is designed to make getting paid for doing some scrap metal recycling in the great state of North Carolina more efficient, exhilarating, rewarding, than ever before! Remember, you can come from Cary, Durham, Clayton and Wake Forest to drop off your old refrigerator, too! We're not too far away from either of those places!
And also, perhaps you'd like to bring in some steel, too, since that old refrigerator might be lonesome in the back of the pickup. Pieces of steel (yes metal) make for great items to bring through our truck scales, too. See What We Buy, on or website. We even buy old computers and car batteries!
So, though we're certainly an appliance recycle, we help the environment and our customers by processing many other metal objects as well. We are Raleigh Recycling at its best! Examples are aluminum cans and rims, motors, brass doorknobs, sheet copper, even junk cars!
Posted by Gregory Brown at 6:31 AM


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A must-see. - Battle Abbey and Battlefield, Battle Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor
A must-see. - Battle Abbey and Battlefield
198 - 202 of 1,614 reviews
Walk more interesting the actual site
If the weather is good and you fancy a walk on the "Battle site", then this can be a good place to visit. The abbey buildings themselves, supposedly started by the Normans to commemorate the fallen at the battle of Hastings (Hmmm....) are a variety of complete sections and ruins. Henry VIII, who wasn't into conservation that much, did his usual thing there and therefore a lot of the abbey itself is reduced to a footprint in the grass although there are some substantial ruins left. The trouble is, it just isn't that interesting. There is not much in the way of displays and therefore you are left to wander around old structures whose architecture is probably better appreciated in 1000 little churches in the area.
The info boards are quite interesting and in good order (unlike some other English Heritage sites I wont mention.....Oh, OK, Old Sarum) but annoyingly there were a couple that were clearly pointing at the wrong thing. For instance the board describing the ruined dormitory building was actually directly facing the old 18th century dairy. The dorms were off to the left by a considerable distance. You obviously could turn your head and see both building and info board, but it seemed a silly error and then made you query every other board you came across that described something no longer visible.
At the centre of the abbey site is very large building that looked as if it could be very interesting but it is a private school and not open to viewing. Shame. It's a bit like being invited to a buffet and told you can't have any of the steak from the middle of the table.
With regards to the cost, we have English Heritage membership cards and so entry and parking was free. I know the parking cost was an issue for some of the reviewers, but the card is worth its weight in gold. I'd also point out that we noticed that the car park was full (closed signs were put up) at about 11:00 on the day we went and I have no idea where one would park in the town itself.
It's OK but don't expect a full on Norman Conquest experience.
Ask Steve H about Battle Abbey and Battlefield

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