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NES Games | Animal Crossing Wiki | Fandom
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All of the NES games in a room.
NES Games are in-game games that appear in Animal Forest, Animal Forest+, Animal Crossing, and Animal Forest e+. They are games that appeared on the Nintendo Entertainment System and can be played just as if they were the original. Some can be won at Tom Nook's lottery, while others are obtained as promotional items from a special memory card found in certain Animal Crossing games. Nintendo e-Reader cards also have a few NES games available for Animal Crossing.
Obtainable from Nook's Lottery, Redd, or are buried by villagers
Obtained from the island
Obtained from Nintendo giveaways
Unobtainable without external assistance
Mario Bros. (Animal Crossing, America-Only e- Reader card, Series 4)
Ice Climber (Animal Crossing, America-Only-e- Reader card, Series 4)
Super Mario Bros. (Animal Forest+, Japan-Only 2001-2002 Famitsu Giveaway OR Cheating Device)
The Legend of Zelda (Cheating Device)
According to the e-Reader cards for Mario Bros. and Ice Climber, Tom Nook gave these away for free as a "loyalty gift" for customers of his various stores.
There is a NES console that has no games included with it. When attempting to play it, a message is displayed saying you do not have any software to play.
It was recently discovered that the console actually attempts to load NES ROM save files from the Memory Card. These games could then be selected from a list to play. It is speculated that Nintendo planned on distributing these games through some media as additional content.
#N01 Ice Climber
Star sign N/A
Profile Some people will do anything to get you into their tents, or stores. Well I can tell you I will not stoop so low. I did however find this classic NES game on a storeroom shelf. Would you like it? Let's just call it a "loyalty gift" shall we?
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#N02 Mario Bros.
Profile Ho ho... I just made a deal on a one-of-a-kind classic NES game. Although I don't think that giving stuff away for free is a good business practice, I do hope it will buy your loyalty.
Expression error: Unrecognised word "n". Previous #N02 Mario Bros. Expression error: Unrecognised word "n". Next
Forbidden NES games in Animal Crossing GC-0
Famicoms in the Japanese version (from left to right: Clu-Clu Land; Balloon Fight; Donkey Kong; Donkey Kong Jr. Math; Pinball; Tennis; Golf; Famicom Disk System).
All of the obtainable Famicom games in Animal Forest for Nintendo 64 are Clu-Clu Land, Balloon Fight, Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Jr., Pinball, Tennis, and Golf.
In addition, the various Famicom games (Save for the Famicom Disk System) are given a color code as well:
Orange: Clu-Clu Land
Grey: Balloon Fight
Red: Donkey Kong
Blue: Donkey Kong Jr.
Yellow: Pinball
Purple: Tennis
Light Blue: Golf
The original Japanese release of Animal Forest+ for GameCube lacks Soccer and Excitebike, and instead features the early Famicom versions of Gomoku Narabe and Mahjong.
Depending on the version of the game, some NES games are obtained through different means.
Clu Clu Land D, Soccer, Donkey Kong 3, Donkey Kong Jr. and Punch-Out!! were initially unavailable in-game, however Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe later released codes that could be used in the game to unlock them, though Punch-Out!! was deciphered by fans.
Super Mario Bros. and The Legend of Zelda cannot be played through normal means, although Super Mario Bros. was given away between 2001 and 2002 by Famitsu for Animal Forest+.
Some NES games were re-released in Classic NES Series for GBA.
There is a fake NES game in Animal Forest e+ and Animal Crossing, obtainable from Tortimer on April Fool's Day called Super Tortimer.
When playing Animal Crossing using a setup that supports the game's progressive scan display mode, the mode must be activated in order for NES games to be playable.
In New Leaf, the New Nintendo 3DS and Wii U furniture items received from fortune cookies may be a nod to these NES games, as they are playable Nintendo consoles.
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Animal Crossing. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Animal Crossing Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Retrieved from "https://animalcrossing.fandom.com/wiki/NES_Games?oldid=399881"


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Euro zone crisis: Whose fault is it? | Right To Be Heard Blog
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The 40 Lebanese who made the Capital great. | Hala Ajam
← Face-To-Face By Hala Ajam	Basics: Makeup 101 -Shading & Highlighting BY HALA AJAM →
The 40 Lebanese who made the Capital great.
TimeOut Magazine has included Hala Ajam among the 40 Lebanese who made the Capital great.
This is the Interview with Hala Ajam:
Hala Ajam was chosen The hand behind the pretty faces in everything from the neighbours wedding to Elie Saab fashion shows.
What’s your favourite place in Beirut?
You’re serious? (laughs)
It’s the only place I can hang out and meet new people. There’s no music there! I can talk.
Glamorous; it’s a pilgrimage for all the fun people.
Quick, who’s the most interesting person you’ve made up?
Queen Rania. The sweetest person on earth, it was shocking really, she was very humble. Unbelievable. Claudia Schiffer was a shock as well, my first ever famous person. I was shaking on the inside, but I didn’t show her. She was very interesting and smart.
If only I could believe you…
She was. She asked about the country, religion, intercultural life… We had a beautiful conversation. Intelligence and the Fashion industry aren’t mutually exclusive you know.
Speaking of which, do you feel fashion is an unnecessary luxury?
Luxury? Maybe. But unnecessary? People come from all over the Middle East, they come here for the designers, makeup artist and hairdressers. They’re here to see us, and they invest money here. And it may be a luxury, but it’s for everybody.
You know, people believe in our taste, they believe that our opinions are unsurpassed. So even if we have wars, when the politicians shake hands we’ll have a million visitors the next day. Why here? For the pleasure glamour, good taste, good service, beauty tips … and beauty surgeons! All that lifting and stuffing.
The stuffing doesn’t agree with you?
I’m not much into Botox and motox and whatnot. They don’t know when to stop sometimes, and some doctors don’t care to stop. If you ask for something that looks bad, a doctor might do it anyway. That’s just wrong, and the surgeons aren’t giving good advice. Some of these people end up looking like zombies, and they just don’t care.
Even zombies can wear makeup. So is it fun?
The makeup? The most fun I can have in my life. If by any chance I have a half day off, I don’t know what to do with it; I live it and love it. And by the way I don’t get many zombies in the salon, I don’t think I’m quite what they prefer.
That conflicts with the beauty is from within motto…
But that’s why you have different kinds of people. Some want to look like Haifa wehbe, Nancy and Elissa; they’re groupies, and these people are made stars by the media, and this is nice. But what I want to say is when you look at yourself in the mirror you have to love yourself as you are. No one is ugly, really.
No one. When you ask the right people around you about how you dress – if you don’t know – or how you hold your hair, a quick style change or a simple makeup can upgrade your looks by 50%. This isn’t about beauty as a quantity, but everyone will find someone attracted to them, so if beauty is attractiveness then no one is really ugly. The bohemian will find a bohemian lover with messy hair, messy clothes, aversion to showers…
I’ve showered, thank you very much. But aren’t you in the business of superficiality?
No, it’s just some good fun. Overdoing things thought turns it into that, and makes you look funny. Sometimes they’re pointing at you because you look funny, not good; maybe because of the complete set of designer wear you have painfully on display, or your strange eternal eyebrow trend..
Nice top…
(laughs) Very funny. Yes my sweater is a chloe but I’m not flaunting it! And these are $20 jeans you know. There’s middle ground to everything.
You can Read this interview online:
http://www.timeoutbeirut.com/health/article/2561/hala-ajam.html
Celebrating with TimeOut Magazine:
Facebook Fan Page: Hala Ajam
Twitter: http://twitter.com/halaajam
YouTube Channel: HalaAjam
Posted in Uncategorized	Tagged Affordable Beauty, American Make up, Arabic Make up, Arabic Make up artist, Arabic Makeup, Arabic makeup artist, Beirut, Claudia Schiffer, Elie Saab, Fashion, Haifa Wehbe, Hala Ajam, Hollywood, Lebanese Make up, Lebanese Make up artist, Lebanese Makeup, Lebanon, Los Angeles, make up, Make-up artist, Makeup, Middle East, Starbucks, مكياج, ماكياج, هيفاء وهبي, هالة عجم, Vivienne Westwood	Dec·01


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SOLVED: Where is the fuel pump switch located - Fixya
Where is the fuel pump switch located - 1994 Mitsubishi Galant
Posted by dovesmith69 on Oct 16, 2010
Re: Where is the fuel pump switch located
It should be in the back behind one of the panel and this information should be in your owner manual give these websites a try www.alldatadiy.com and www.autozone.com if all fails stop or call your local Mitsubishi dealership and they be able to tell you where it is located wish you the best of luck Michigan Man.
galant 1994 fuel pump

value: Fixya is a question-and-answer website where community members ask and answer questions about consumer products. The company was launched in June 2005 and is headquartered in San Mateo, California.


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SFGTV2 : June 30, 2011 1:00am-1:30am PDT : Free Borrow & Streaming : Internet Archive
tv [untitled] June 30, 2011 1:00am-1:30am PDT
hot-wired into our system that says we need to try to tell a story. there is nothing at all in my background. i am an absolutely accidental writer. there is nothing in my background which suggests i should be writing novels. i grew up in chicago. i write books about san francisco. i studied accounting at the university of illinois. i have been a corporate and securities attorney for 28 years. i've now written seven best-selling novels about murder trials, death penalty cases, and courtroom drama. i have never handled a criminal case in my life. [laughing] so all of you out there who are thinking of writing novels, there is hope. but i did have this feeling a long time ago, probably from the time i was in high school, that at some point i would like to try to write a novel. and i can't explain why.
i do know that when i read "presumed innocent" on an airplane in 1988, i decided that if i ever get around to writing the novel that i probably will never write, it will be a courtroom novel. and scott didn't invent the genre. neither did john grisham. earl stanley gardner was writing courtroom drama in the 1930's and 1940's. "anatty of a murder" came out in 1958. first we have "to kill a mockingbird," which most lawyers and most lawyer authors will tell you is kind of the seminal work of why we got interested. and i started writing a novel as i was approaching my 40th birthday. i wrote most of it on a ferry going to and from work every day. it took me three years. and that book became "special circumstances," story of a murder in a big law firm. it came out in 2000 and spent seven weeks on "the new york times"' bestsellers' list.
so for those of you who have bought my books, i thank you, because now i don't have to practice law full-time anymore. >> but all kidding aside, you know, i think crime novelists and readers of crime novels whether it's lawyer books or whether it's private detectives or cops, you know, in my world i'm like -- unlike tony's, i can control the outcome. i can get justice in my books because i can fix the ending. and i start -- and most authors do i start with the ending. i know who did it, how and why. and by god, when i write that book, i'm going to make sure justice is served. i think that's why people keep coming back to lawyer books in particular because there's a lot of drama in the courtroom. there's always a murder. there's always big stakes. i've written books about death penalty cases. the stakes don't get any bigger than that.
and i think it was important to me to have the center of my books a defense attorney who is the kind of guy, the tony serra's of the world, the person you would call if you got into serious trouble. and there are a lot of corrupt lawyers in my books. there are a lot of nasty people in my books. there are a lot of lawyers who are not portrayed in a particularly favorable way. but the centers of my story are two small time criminal defense attorneys who work on michigan street. and if you get accused of a crime, those are the people you want to call. >> that's my approach. and they're both former public defenders, right? >> yes, they are. they are both former public defenders here in san francisco. without giving away too much of the story, there may be a return at some point to that particular office where they would, of course, be working for you. >> anytime. [laughing] there seems to be such a huge
projected ideal that there is justice, we'll say, in the court system and that there's idealistic lawyers, and there's fair judges, and there's not, you know, indelible bias and prejudice and rac racism, sexis, and all of those things dissipate, you know, when we approach the per diem. it's just like blinding our self. it's a way of taking the placebo instead of the medicine. great reform is required. we're threatened now by totalitarian tactics, grand juries, informants, mandatory sentencing. it's not very good, my friends. we're losing constitutional rights every day. and i think the way we appease our conscious, those of us who
desire, i guess, not to probe and not to reform and not to speak out is we pretend that things have occurred in courts that didn't real liquor. [applause] >> it sounds like all of those things would make great tv or, of course, a great novel. paulette, you've spent so much time in court watching cases. what observations have you made after the hours and hours that you've spent? you're creating not only art, but you're creating a representation of the emotional heart of a case. what have you gleaned from your experience of watching so many trials? >> well, this is sort of like the fly on the wall, the court artist. i haven't an aperture that is
completely open because i'm trying to take in as much as i can possibly absorb. and at the same time i'm very focused on what i'm doing. and i have to remember everything that i'm doing. so as far as the nitpicking particulars of a trial, that goes past me. but what i do see is -- i believe there's a science called cybertronics or something, where you get frozen to death. and that's kind of what it's like. everybody's, for the most part, the lawyers in a trial seem very frozen. i mean a poker match has more emotion in it. they're holding their card close to their chest. they don't want to really see what's going on. from the artist view, they're holding back whatever is going on. one of the reasons tony excites
me as a lawyer is that he's out there. he is transparent. you can see exactly what's going on. you can even see it while it's going on. it's sort of like one of these things you see the digestion taking place because it's all on some transparent piece of, i don't know, behind glass or something. so there's this combination of what is held back and what is sort of scrolled out or spooled out little by little. what i see in court is, of course, the incredible inequities. i tend to have a great soft spot for people who are not of life of privilege and whose lives are very challenged and who deal with them in the best ways they can. everybody wants, you know, some sort of decency for their family. and everybody''s capable of
incredible rage and probably even the urge to kill. they're also capable of greatness and goodness if that side is sort of coaxed out of them. so criminals to me, anyway, are a group of people who have fallen on hard times. i've been there. i've never really done criminal acts, but i've certainly been pushed to limits that could easily become that. i think it's the humanity that is lacking in the courtroom. and i think that a lot of what we see in the justice system today is done because people can do it. i think as was spoken earlier about trials, people get away with as much as they can. so for the criminal to be the bad guy, what about the politicians in this country? what about all of these other
kinds of criminal acts that are going on? i see that there is a lust for power, there is a lust for control, and there is a lust to put the lesser down. it happens a lot in court. and that's what i see. >> we're going to have the opportunity to have you ask questions. so the ushers have cards. so just raise your hand if you'd like to fill out a card, and they will submit them to me and i will ask the questions. john, you know, over time we've seen the portrayals, whether it's -- just take for example the defense attorney. a lot of us grew up watching "perry mason." you don't see those kinds of movies now it seems to be almost seasonal that you have, you know, either positive or negative portrayals. but it seems to follow a certain
cycle. we have so many shows on tv now about, you know, police and law enforcement. i think we have, what, maybe three different "c.s.i. i "series now, "law & order" parts one, two, and three. what do you think counts for the portrayal of our justice system and how it shifts over time? and also if you've seen in terms of what writers have done or haven't done. >> you know, i was -- when i was listening to mr. serra, i was thinking, you know, actually the law is this huge thing. and there are parts of it that work really well. and when i started out, i was a young lawyer at a large wall street law firm. and believe it or not, we did really good work. and since we typically litigate
you know, business. you have to work hard in that context to get drama. it's harder to write a show like "l.a. law" because you have to find drama almost in the ordinary practice of law. to my way of thinking, you know, doing a crime show or even a criminal defense show, that's the easy stuff to do. you know? there's drama that's inherent in it. the hard stuff to do is say, like "the paper chase" where they're going to the library. really. so you've got to figure out a way to make that interesting. we did a show called "scavenger hunt," a massive search through all the libraries. and it's actually a very exciting show. but when we went to the network, they said, what are you shooting? we said we're shooting an episode with seven libraries. and they were like, we got to
cancel this. how did osborn get here? you know? that's the hard kind of stuff for television. i'd like to see more of that. i am so sick of "law & order." [laughing] and all of that stuff. i'm not answering the question, but i'm getting stuff off my shoulders. >> let me get something off my shoulder. with no lack of respect. wall street lawyers are serving capitalistic corporations who have taken our democracy in hostage. you served one dinosaur fighting another dinosaur for the last firms. that is shifting money, you know, from one capitalistic entity to another. so if you think that works, i think it's a manifestation of the malfunction of the entire
some of that in. because i think that's important. if you're writing books about lawyers and about crime, you know, there are victims. and i do try to set the world right at the end when i possibly can. and that is, as i said earlier, the advantage of writing novels as opposed to trying real cases. the other point i would make -- and everybody's kind of touched upon it here a little bit. lawyers are not portrayed, in many cases, particularly positively in the media. and a lot of that we bring upon ourselves. but i would also point out that, you know, we all operate in an environment where you have to deal with the cards that are out there. aties cuss finch -- atticus finch didn't have to deal with a
24-hour news cycle. tony serra didn't have to deal with bloggers in his career. i think what's going on in new york city where the head of the i.m.f. was arrested for doing some untorrid things in a big hotel. i found it ironic last night that eliot spitzer was interviewing people talking about these sorts of activities, and that cycle is going on and on. if you want to play a drinking game, you know, who wants to take bets of when we're going to have the first appearance of gloria allred? it's inevitable. i'm getting off the point a little bit here. but at some point i think it was around the time of the o.j. case where you had this confluence of a big public figure, it was a juicy trial, and cable news was just becoming a force. it changed the environment in which we operate, at least criminal system operates. because it's not just cases
present in. so it is storytelling, but it's storytelling from the gut rather than from the head which i kind of call window shopping. i wasn't interested in window shopping tony. i wanted it to be his energy. i wanted it to encapsulate a life force. i wanted it to show the great range of his humanity which is the full spectrum and extremely difficult to put on a page to say the least. >> the next question i have is for both john and tony. you both agree that the criminal justice system doesn't work, particularly for poor people in the criminal justice system. what would you do to improve it? we'll start with you first, john. what would you improve? this is an imperfect society that we have.
we know that. what can we do to improve it? >> gee. you know, i don't know anything about the criminal justice system. but i think you need to start out in, you know -- we need to have income redistribution in the country. i mean, it's crazy. and if you do that, you know, in an important way, then a lot of these problems are just going to get fixed by themselves. they're fundamentally economic problems. we used to have 90% taxation of, you know, very high income individuals. we don't do that anymore. i meek, god, dividends and capital gains are taxed at 15%. that's just incredible. it's an incredibl incredible st. -- steal. so that's what i would say.
>> well, it's a subject matter that's ripe for hours of discussion. but very quickly, we litigate in the criminal form too many times of actions and behaviors. so the first thing is, take out all the so-called victimless crimes, all the so-called drug or drug-related cases. can you place them in medical forums or other social forums. secondly, mandatory sentences have to go out. thirdly, grand jury has to go out. fourthly, the informant system has to be eliminated. the police powers, which are ever increasing, have to be at least dropped or minimized. fourth amendment, fifth amendment, first amendment rights have to be given more strength than they have, more resources for the defense because, yes, public defenders and good lawyers who are on the
panels, they are defending most of the people who are accused. and they lack the resources because ultimately prosecution with unlimited resources and defense with very, very limited resources. the deeper issues are where the jurors come from and how they're selected, whether or not judges are curtailing due process in court. reform, reform, reform. and it can only come from the inside, from us, the lawyers. from the judicial process. and from those activists who are interested in reforming the system. but we are in grave crises now because the judiciary has been swallowed by the executive and the balance of powers is sad lay miss. [applause] >> we're going to have to bring the panel to a close in a few minutes. we were just asked if there are any closing thoughts that you
have for the audience, before we close it. >> i keep following tony. it's not fair. you know, the system is only as good as the people who are operating within it. and it's only as good as how the resources available to it can be used. and that's not an easy fix. that's a long-time issue. and i don't have a good answer for that attorney i am hopeful we can try in some manner to level the playing field a little more, at least so that the attorneys in my fictional world have it a little easier. but more important, you know, i ha
June 30, 2011 1:00am-1:30am PDT

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US8533512B2 - Dynamic power and performance calibration of data processing systems - Google Patents
Dynamic power and performance calibration of data processing systems Download PDF
US8533512B2
US8533512B2 US13/024,941 US201113024941A US8533512B2 US 8533512 B2 US8533512 B2 US 8533512B2 US 201113024941 A US201113024941 A US 201113024941A US 8533512 B2 US8533512 B2 US 8533512B2
US13/024,941
US20120210156A1 (en
Malcolm Scott Allen-Ware
Hye-Young McCreary, III
2011-02-10 Priority to US13/024,941 priority Critical patent/US8533512B2/en
2011-02-18 Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MCCREARY, HYE-YOUNG, DHOLAKIA, AJAY, BIESWANGER, ANDREAS, Brey, Thomas M., GEISSLER, ANDREW, RAWSON, FREEMAN LEIGH, III, ALLEN-WARE, MALCOLM SCOTT
2012-08-16 Publication of US20120210156A1 publication Critical patent/US20120210156A1/en
2013-09-10 Publication of US8533512B2 publication Critical patent/US8533512B2/en
A method, system, and computer program product for dynamic power and performance calibration of a data processing system are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A synthesized program loaded in the data processing system is executed responsive to detecting an event in the data processing system. The synthesized program is configured to generate a set of data that is indicative of the data processing system's power-performance characteristics under varying conditions of operation. Using the set of data, a determination is made of a performance limit on an operation of the data processing system under present operating conditions of the data processing system. A parameter of the data processing system is calibrated to operate the data processing system within the performance limit.
The present invention is related to similar subject matter of co-pending and commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/046,966 entitled “HARDWARE CHARACTERIZATION IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS,” filed on Mar. 14, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates generally to a computer implemented method, system, and computer program product for efficiently operating a data processing system in a data processing environment. More particularly, the present invention relates to a computer implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic power and performance calibration of a data processing system for efficient operations under given operating circumstances.
Data processing systems, such as server computers, are typically manufactured according to prescribed specifications. Once manufactured and tested, the data processing systems may then be deployed in a variety of configurations and circumstances.
Similarly configured data processing systems may be modified over time. For example, over time, different data processing systems of comparable specification may be reconfigured with new or different hardware, software, or both. A data processing system's performance and power are functions of the data processing system's configuration, components, and circumstances.
Furthermore, even seemingly identical electronic components, such as semiconductor devices, have differing power consumptions and performance characteristics. For example, channel widths, doping, and conductor insulation, exposure focus, and other similar aspects of a semiconductor device can vary slightly from one device to another even of the same wafer. Additionally, once installed and operational, the electrical properties of the semiconductor devices can vary over a period of use. For example, insulating layers can break down or begin to leak due to the heat produced in operation.
The illustrative embodiments provide a method, system, and computer program product for dynamic power and performance calibration of data processing systems. An embodiment executes a synthesized program loaded in the data processing system responsive to detecting an event in the data processing system. The synthesized program is configured to generate a set of data that is indicative of the data processing system's power-performance characteristics under varying conditions of operation. The embodiment determines, using the set of data, a performance limit on an operation of the data processing system under present operating conditions of the data processing system. The embodiment calibrates a parameter of the data processing system to operate the data processing system within the performance limit.
FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of a power-performance data collection process that can be used in conjunction with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of a program synthesis process in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 5 depicts a block diagram of a synthesized program execution process in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 6 depicts a block diagram of a dynamic power and performance modeling and calibration process in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 7 depicts a flowchart of a process of enabling dynamic power and performance calibration of a data processing system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; and
FIG. 8 depicts a flowchart of a process of dynamic power-performance calibration of a data processing system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
A data processing system (system) consumes electrical power to perform system operations. The nature of operations performed, time consumed to perform those operations, heat produced in performing those operations, and components activated for performing those operations are some example of a system's performance characteristics. A system's power-performance characteristic is a relationship between the power consumed and performance characteristics demonstrated under a given circumstance of time, place, and configuration.
The invention recognizes that different systems of similar configuration, model, capacity, and having similar components are not identical to one another. For example, even thought two microprocessors may be of the same make and model, their power consumption, temperature characteristics, and delays vary from chip to chip due to manufacturing process inaccuracies, characteristics of the materials used differences in the manufacturing equipments at different production locations and times. Memory modules, disk drives, adapter cards, and other system components in similarly configured systems also exhibit different power and performance characteristics for similar reasons.
Additionally, the invention recognizes that a system's configuration may change over time causing the system's power consumption and performance characteristics to change accordingly. For example, a memory module may be replaced in a system resulting in a higher power draw for executing the same workload.
The invention also recognizes that electronic components also age over time and exhibit different power-performance characteristics at the same settings later in life as compared to when they are newly installed. For example, older electronic components typically exhibit increased leakage currents, older fans provide decreased cooling capacity, and older wiring exhibits weaker insulation causing increased power loss. Maximum achievable configuration range for system components may also change with age. For example, a processor may have a lower maximum turbo frequency later in its life than when newly installed.
Furthermore, the invention recognizes that a system tested in isolation as a stand-alone unit may exhibit one set of power-performance characteristics, and a different set of power-performance characteristics in a different configuration, such as in a rack including other systems. For example, a system executing a workload in a free-standing configuration may exhibit cooler temperatures and better performance as compared to the same system executing the same workload when surrounded by other heat producing systems in a rack.
The invention recognizes that presently available power-performance characteristics measuring techniques do not account for the above recognized variations and other similarly caused changes in a system's power-performance characteristics. For example, a system's power-performance characteristics determined tested at manufacturing are determined using the same instrumentation for all similarly configured systems. Furthermore, that measurement may not be applicable, relevant, or accurate as and where the system is deployed.
The invention further recognizes that even if a system's power consumption and various performance characteristics can be measured during operation, presently, they are not usable for dynamically calibrating the system's configuration or workload, the data processing environment's configuration, or adjusting a data processing environment's component's setting.
The illustrative embodiments used to describe the invention generally address and solve the above-described problems and other problems related to operational efficiencies of systems. The illustrative embodiments provide a method, system, and computer program product for dynamic power and performance calibration of data processing systems.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the power-performance characteristics of a system can be measured under certain circumstances, at certain events, during certain times, and in conjunction with certain operations (dynamically). The power-performance characteristics observed in this manner can then be modeled to predict or extrapolate the system's behavior limits and operational characteristics under certain conditions. Such a power-performance model according to an embodiment can then be used to calibrate the system, the data processing environment, or a combination thereof.
Power-performance calibrations and models according to an embodiment of the invention allow systems management to make decisions about how to set the system or systems in a configuration, such as a rack, to meet specific operational objectives. A system need not be taken offline to perform the power-performance measurements, modeling, or calibration.
An embodiment can also allow a closed-loop systems management scheme, whereby measurements result in calibration and calibrations trigger re-measurements, either continuously, periodically, or based on events. Furthermore, an embodiment can facilitate a priori configuration of a system for a future workload based on the power-performance model generated for the system.
An application may further include data objects, code objects, encapsulated instructions, application fragments, services, and other types of resources available in a data processing environment. For example, a Java® object, an Enterprise Java Bean (EJB), aserviet, or an applet may be manifestations of an application with respect to which the invention may be implemented. (Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates).
Any data processing system, such as server 104, may include synthesized program 105 according to an embodiment. Synthesized program 105 may be constructed and used as described in this disclosure.
In the depicted example, local area network (LAN) adapter 212 is coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub (SB/ICH) 204. Audio adapter 216, keyboard and mouse adapter 220, modem 222, read only memory (ROM) 224, universal serial bus (USB) and other ports 232, and PCI/PCIe devices 234 are coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub 204 through bus 238. Hard disk drive (HDD) 226 and CD-ROM 230 are coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub 204 through bus 240. PCI/PCIe novices may include, for example, Ethernet adapters, add-in cards, and PC cards for notebook computers. PCI uses a card bus controller, while PCIe does not. ROM 224 may be, for example, a flash binary input/output system. (BIOS). Hard disk drive 226 and CD-ROM 230 may use for example, an integrated drive electronics (IDE) or serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) interface. A super I/O (SIO) device 236 may be coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub (SB/ICH) 204.
In some illustrative examples, data processing system 200 may be a personal digital assistant (PDA), which is generally configured with flash memory to provide non-volatile memory for storing operating system flies and/or user-generated data. A bus system may comprise one or more buses, such as a system bus, an I/O bus, and a PCI bus. Of course, the bus system may be implemented using any type of communications fabric or architecture that provides for a transfer of data between different components or devices attached to the fabric or architecture.
With reference to FIG. 3, this figure depicts a block diagram of a power-performance data collection process that can be used in conjunction with an illustrative embodiment. System 304 may be any data processing system, such as server 104 in FIG. 1.
At manufacturing or pre-deployment testing, system 302 may be subjected to standardized testing 304 for per-performance characteristics measurement. Data 306 generated from testing 304 indicates system 302's power consumption and performance characteristics under the standardized test conditions and criteria. For example, testing 304 may be designed to exercise the processor at various speeds and loads, the memory at various access rates and capacity, and the network adapter card at various throughputs and burst rates. Data 306 shows system 302's power consumption and performance measurements under the various test conditions of testing 304.
With reference to FIG. 4, this figure depicts a block diagram of a program synthesis process in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Power-performance data 402 is the same as power-performance data 306 in FIG. 3.
Synthesized program 404 may be used as synthesized program 105 in FIG. 1. Initially, synthesized program 404 may be program code that can be executed by a processor to cause the data processing system including the processor to exhibit power-performance characteristics as observed during testing 302 in FIG. 3.
Program synthesis application 406 may be an application to create synthesized program 404. In one embodiment, application 406 may be an automated code generation application that can generate code given the system exercising properties desired therein. In another embodiment, application 406 may be an application usable by a user to create code having the desired system exercising properties. For example, application 406 may generate or facilitate generating code for synthesized program 404 such that the code, when executed on a processor of a system causes the system to draw a range of power, for a range of operations or workloads, exercising a range of components of the system, for a pre-determined period.
Application 406 may utilize code repository 408 for synthesizing synthesized program 404. In one embodiment, repository 408 may be a repository of code segments, such as functions, methods, or subroutines, that demonstrate a particular power consumption behavior, performance characteristic, or both. For example, repository may contain one function that sends a threshold number of computing instructions to the processor. Another function may load a memory module to a threshold capacity, causing a number of page faults to exceed a threshold value. Another function may cause the total power draw of the system to be limited to a threshold value, while subjecting the processor to a number of instructions.
Generally, an initial version of synthesized program 404 attempts to match the relative frequency of events in underlying data 402. Multiple routines for different types of behavior—core-intensive, memory-intensive, or disk-intensive—can be incorporated into synthesized program 404. Synthesized program 404 executes across a range of power-performance settings to capture the dynamic behavior of the system as described in FIG. 5. Iterative refinement based on re-enforcement or dynamic programming can be performed on synthesized program 404, as described elsewhere in this disclosure.
Extracting a system's power-performance characteristics using synthesized program 404 in this manner enables exercising the system to exhibit a broader set of externally measurable characteristics, that possible with standardized testing. Performance factors such as power and temperature can be correlated to workloads. Synthesized program 404 can be executed across a range of loads for each different type of behavior, and the improved power-performance characteristics data observed using an embodiment can be used as a basis for load variability as in the system. Some example variability techniques can include timed sleeps and desynchronized timed sleep on different hardware threads.
Repository 408 is an optional component in the depicted block diagram. For example, a user may use application 406, without using repository 408, to custom create a code segment that demonstrates a particular power consumption behavior, performance characteristic, or both.
With reference to FIG. 5, this figure depicts a block diagram of a synthesized program execution process in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Synthesized program 404 in FIG. 4 can be used as 502. Data processing system 504 may be the data processing system for which synthesized program 502 has been created. Firmware 506 may be a component of data processing system 504 that initializes certain other components of data processing system 504 when data processing system 504 is powered up. Firmware 506 may also perform or cause to be performed, power-on self test (POST) on data processing system 504. Operating system 508 may be responsible for executing applications and performing operations on data processing system 504.
As an example of dynamic measurement of power and performance characteristics according to an embodiment, Firmware 506 may be configured to execute synthesized program 502 during POST 510. By executing synthesized program 502 in this manner, the power and performance data of data processing system 504 can be dynamically measured during the lifespan of data processing system 504. Repeated measurements, such as power and performance data measurements during several power-up phases over a period can then be modeled to understand the changing power-performance characteristics of data processing system 504.
As another example of the dynamic measurement, operating system 508 can trigger the execution of synthesized program 502 at any suitable time. For example, operating system 508 may detect an event, such as an off-line processor, a new memory module, a hot-swapped disk drive, a failed cooling fan, a changed workload, a particular process executing, a command received, a timer expiring, a change in ambient temperature, or any other kind of event in data processing system 504.
Operating system 508 may be configured to execute synthesized program 502 when a designated event is detected in data processing system 504. By executing synthesized program 502 in this manner, the power and performance data of data processing system 504 can be dynamically measured during the operation of data processing system 504. Repeated measurements, such as power and performance data measurements during operations over a period can then be modeled to understand the changing power-performance characteristics of data processing system 504.
Executing synthesized program 502 at POST, upon detecting events, or a combination thereof, outputs power and performance data 514. Data 514 is reflective of power consumption and performance behavior of data processing system 504 in specific configurations at specific times.
With reference to FIG. 6, this figure depicts a block diagram of a dynamic power and performance modeling and calibration process in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Data 602 is the same as data 514 in FIG. 5, and reflects the power-performance data for a specific system, such as data processing system 504 in FIG. 5, in a specific configuration at a specific time.
Data 602 forms an input to power-performance modeling and refinement component 604. Power-performance modeling and refinement component 604 may be an application executing in the same system to which data 602 pertains, or in a different system, such as an administration system. Many tools currently exist to create models from a set of data where the models can be used to predict or extrapolate behavior reflected within and outside of the set of data Any such tool can be used in conjunction with data 602 to model power-performance characteristics of the given system, such as data processing system 504 in FIG. 5.
The refinement portion of power-performance modeling and refinement component 604 may be integrated with or separate from such a modeling tool. In other words, even though power-performance modeling and refinement component 604 is depicted as a single block in FIG. 6, the modeling function and the refinement function may be separately implemented within the scope of the invention.
The refinement portion of power-performance modeling and refinement component 604 may identify any calibration adjustments that may have to be made based on the changed power-performance characteristics observed in a model that its current at any given time. Note that such calibration determinations are dynamic because they result from a model, which is produced using data, which is collected dynamically during the operation of the data processing system over a period. The calibrations are dynamic also because they adjust parameters of system 606 or system 606's environment 608 while the system is deployed in the intended environment.
Power-performance modeling and refinement component 604, or the refinement portion thereof, sends calibration instructions 610 to system 606, system 606's data processing environment 608, or a combination thereof. Calibration instructions 610 are sent in response to the power-performance characterstics determined from the latest available model for system 606. For example, an instruction in calibration instructions 610 may reconfigure a workload planned to be executed on system 606. As another example, another instruction in calibration instructions 610 may adjust a power capacity limit (power cap) set for system 606 in data processing environment 608. A power cap may be a minimum value for the power cap or a maximum power cap. As another example, in order to reduce toe ambient temperature in a rack were system 606 may be installed in data processing environment 608, another instruction in calibration instructions 610 may send a command to an air conditioning units to increase the unit's fan speed.
In one embodiment, upon responding to calibration instruction 610, system 606 may re-execute the synthesized program to collect new power and performance data in a feedback loop. System 606 may optionally also modify or trigger a modification of the synthesized program by changing, removing, or adding the code of the synthesized program.
With reference to FIG. 7, this figure depicts a flowchart of a process of enabling dynamic power and performance calibration of a data processing system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Process 700 can be implemented in an environment for initial configuration of a data processing system, such as a manufacturing facility. For example, process 700 may be implemented in an administration application in a manufacturing environment from where system testing and system configuration can be coordinated. Parts of process 700 may be implemented in but are not limited to program synthesis application 406 in FIG. 4.
Process 700 begins by collecting initial power and performance data for a system (step 702). Process 700 uses the data of step 702 to synthesize a program to reproduce the power-performance characteristics in the system that are reflected in the data of step 702 (step 704). Process 700 loads the synthesized program into the system for later execution (step 706). Process 700 may end thereafter, or exit via exit point marked “A” to enter another process—process 800 in FIG. 8—having a corresponding entry point marked “A”.
With reference to FIG. 8, this figure depicts a flowchart of a process of dynamic power-performance calibration of a data processing system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Process 800 can be implemented in a system being calibrated, such as system 504 where synthesized program 502 executes in FIG. 5. Without limitation, parts of process 800 can be implemented in different systems that collectively operate in a data processing environment.
Process 800 begins by detecting an event in the system (step 802). For example, the system may be powered on, causing a POST event, or the system may be reconfigured causing a different appropriate event to be detected in the system. Another process, such as process 700 in FIG. 7, can enter process 800 at entry point marked “A”.
Process 800 executes the synthesized program (step 804). Process 800 collects the power-performance data from the execution (step 806).
Process 800 models the system's power-performance characteristics under the given circumstances when the power-performance data is collected in step 806 (step 808). Process 800 calibrates the system. (step 810). Process 800 may alternatively, or in addition to step 810, calibrate a component of the data processing environment where the system may be operating (step 812). For example, process 800 may cause a fan to be turned on, a temperature setting to be adjusted, a power distribution equipment to be reconfigured, a power limit to be adjusted, or additional computing resources to be made available to the system.
These example calibrations of the system or the environment are included here only for the clarity of the description and are not intended to be limiting on the invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to appreciate that many more calibrations can be similarly effected on the system in question or the environment thereof.
Process 800 determines whether to modify the synthesized program (step 814). For example, at a certain point in time during the life of the system, previously modeled power-performance characteristics may become obsolete due to degradation of a component's characteristics below a threshold. In such a case, new code may be needed to test the component to a new lower threshold, and not to a previously reachable threshold.
If the synthesized program has to be modified (“Yes” path of step 814), process 800 modifies the synthesized program code, such as from a code repository, custom coding, or a combination thereof (step 816). Process 800 proceeds to step 818. If the synthesized program need not be modified. (“No” path of step 814), process 800 proceeds to step 818.
Process 800 determines whether to re-execute the synthesized program, such as to collect new power-performance data for the calibrated system, using modified synthesized program code, or a combination thereof (step 818). If the synthesized program should be re-executed (“Yes” Path of step 818), process 800 returns to step 804. If the synthesized program need not be re-executed (“No” Path of step 818), process 800 ends thereafter.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function (s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Thus, a computer implemented method, system, and computer program product are provided in the illustrative embodiments for dynamic power and performance calibration of a data processing system. Using an embodiment of the invention, a system's power consumption and performance benchmarking can be performed dynamically at any time during the life of the system. An embodiment may allow for measuring and calibrating for a larger set of performance parameters than currently possible in standardized initial testing during the manufacturing process.
An embodiment can be used for improving a data processing environment's resource administration and management, such as by dynamically configuring or redirecting resource to/from the system based on the current power-performance characteristics of the system. An embodiment further enables measuring the power and performance of a system in the system's environment of deployment, such as in a rack. Presently available techniques for power-performance data generation only capture the state of the system when the system is operated in standardized environment, not the actual environment of deployment.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present invention may be embodied as a system, method, or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all, generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable storage device (s) or computer readable media having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
Any combination of one or more computer readable storage device (s) or computer readable media may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage device may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage device would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing in the context of this document, a computer readable storage device may be any tangible device or medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
1. A computer usable program product comprising a computer usable storage device including computer usable code for dynamic power and performance calibration of a data processing system, the computer usable code comprising:
computer usable code for executing a synthesized program loaded in the data processing system responsive to detecting an event in the data processing system, the synthesized program configured to cause the data processing system to operate in varying conditions of operation and generate a set of data that is indicative of the data processing system's power-performance characteristics under the varying conditions of operation, wherein operating in the varying conditions comprises matching a frequency of events found in data which is a basis for the synthesized program;
computer usable code for predicting, using the set of data, a performance limit on an operation of the data processing system under a first set of operating conditions of the data processing system; and
computer usable code for calibrating a parameter of the data processing system to operate the data processing system within the performance limit during the first set of operating conditions.
computer usable code for collecting an initial power-performance data for the data processing system, wherein the synthesized program is configured to cause the data processing system to exhibit a second behavior approximating a first behavior evident in the initial power-performance data; and
computer usable code for loading the synthesized program into the data processing system.
computer usable code for creating a power-performance model using the set of data, wherein the performance limit is predicted from the power-performance model, and wherein the performance limit is different from a previous performance limit.
4. The computer usable program product of claim 1, wherein the calibrating is adjusting a planned workload on the data processing system.
computer usable code for modifying the synthesized program to test the operation of the data processing system up to the performance limit, wherein the performance limit is different from a previous performance limit.
6. The computer usable program product of claim 5, further comprising:
computer usable code for re-executing the modified synthesized program to generate a new set of data that is indicative of the data processing system's power-performance characteristics under varying conditions of operation subject to the performance limit.
computer usable code for calibrating a parameter of a data processing environment within which the data processing system is executing.
10. The computer usable program product of claim 1, wherein the operating in the varying conditions comprises using pre-determined data processing system components.
11. The computer usable program product of claim 1, wherein the operating in the varying conditions causes the data processing system to draw a pre-determined range of power.
12. A data processing system for dynamic power and performance calibration of a data processing system, the data processing system comprising:
computer usable code for executing a synthesized program loaded in the data processing system responsive to detecting an event in the data processing system, the synthesized program configured to cause the data processing system to operate in varying conditions of operation and generate a set of data that is indicative of the data processing system's power-performance characteristics under varying conditions of operation, wherein operating in the varying conditions comprises matching a frequency of events found in data which is a basis for the synthesized program;
13. The data processing system of claim 12, wherein the operating in the varying conditions comprises using pre-determined data processing system components.
14. The data processing system of claim 12, wherein the operating in the varying conditions causes the data processing system to draw a pre-determined range of power.
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