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Patent US7296267 - System and method for binding virtual machines to hardware contexts - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsSystem and method for binding virtual machines to hardware contexts. A method includes obtaining resource requirements for a plurality of virtual machines, and binding one or more of the plurality of virtual machines to one or more of a plurality of hardware contexts associated with a processor based...http://www.google.com/patents/US7296267?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7296267 - System and method for binding virtual machines to hardware contextsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7296267 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/194,822Publication dateNov 13, 2007Filing dateJul 12, 2002Priority dateJul 12, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20040010788Publication number10194822, 194822, US 7296267 B2, US 7296267B2, US-B2-7296267, US7296267 B2, US7296267B2InventorsErik C. Cota-Robles, Randolph L. Campbell, Clifford D. Hall, Gilbert Neiger, Richard A. UhligOriginal AssigneeIntel CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (116), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (45), Classifications (13), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem and method for binding virtual machines to hardware contextsUS 7296267 B2Abstract System and method for binding virtual machines to hardware contexts. A method includes obtaining resource requirements for a plurality of virtual machines, and binding one or more of the plurality of virtual machines to one or more of a plurality of hardware contexts associated with a processor based upon the resource requirements. The resource requirements may be the bandwidth and latency of the virtual machines. The method may be implemented as software on a storage device on a computing device having a processor that supports multiple hardware contexts. The method is particularly beneficial for real-time virtual machines.
An Operating System (OS) is a software program that controls physical computer hardware (e.g., a processor, memory, and disk and CD-ROM drives) and presents application programs with a unified set of abstract services (e.g., a file system). A Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) is also a software program that controls physical computer hardware such as, for example, the processor, memory, and disk drives. Unlike an OS a VMM presents programs executing within a Virtual Machine (VM) with the illusion that they are executing on real physical computer hardware that includes, for example, a processor, memory and a disk drive. Each VM typically functions as a self-contained entity, such that software executing in a VM executes as if it were running alone on a �bare� machine instead of within a virtual machine that shares a processor and other physical hardware with other VMs. It is the VMM that emulates certain functions of a �bare� machine so that software executing within a VM executes as if it were the sole entity executing on the computer.
When executing �real-time� applications, computations upon data that is available at one substantially predetermined time should be completed by another substantially predetermined time. An OS that schedules a real-time application with sufficient frequency and for sufficient duration that the real-time application is able to complete its computations before their respective deadlines is said to have received adequate scheduling Quality of Service (QoS). Similarly, a VMM that includes a VM and a real-time OS (RTOS) provides adequate scheduling QoS when real-time applications and the VMs complete execution before respective deadlines. OSs and VMMs should schedule the computing resources of their real or virtual machine in such a fashion as to ensure that real-time applications receive adequate scheduling QoS.
Many current generation microprocessors such as, for example, the Intel� Pentium� 3 and 4 microprocessors include superpipelined out of order machines where instructions need not be executed in strict program order. While such processors typically have a number of independent execution units, they only fetch instructions from a single instruction stream. Some microprocessors, including some future members of the Pentium� family of processors, will have the ability to simultaneously fetch instructions from two or more instruction streams. These instruction streams are generally called threads because they correspond to threads scheduled by the system software. Microprocessors that simultaneously fetch instructions from two or more instruction streams are variously referred to as �hyper-threaded�, �multi-threaded� or �symmetric multi-threaded.� On hyper-threaded microprocessors the instruction fetch units are controlled by �hardware contexts�, which include both a stack pointer and an instruction pointer, a set of standard processor registers plus any additional state information necessary such as, for Pentium� family processors, control registers and translation look-aside buffer (TLB) tag bits. On out-of-order processors the nominal processor registers will generally be dynamically allocated from a pool of renameable registers, so that the actual static hardware context may be little more than a stack pointer, instruction pointer and a few control registers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates a conceptual diagram of the components involved in the invention described herein.
DESCRIPTION In many processors used in various kinds of computing devices, including personal computers, a virtual machine manager (VMM) may be implemented and used to manage multiple virtual machines (VMs) that are used to provide an environment for multiple operating systems to concurrently execute. The VMM provides emulation assistance to the VMs so that software (e.g., an operating system) in each VM believes that it has sole access to and thus control of the entire computing device. In reality, the VMM shares the resources of the computing device (e.g., the processor, memory and disk drive(s)) among the multiple VMs based on the respective requirements of the software executing in each VM and the availability and suitability of system and processor resources. Thus, there may be significant overhead incurred in switching among the various VMs. According to a method described herein, the VMM may bind certain VMs to certain hardware contexts in a hyper-threaded processor. According to the methods described herein, in certain situations, it may be beneficial to bind one or more VMs, particularly real-time VMs, to one or more hardware contexts for reasons including, but not limited to, maximizing efficiency and minimizing latency and response time.
Real-time virtual machines (RTVMs) are virtual machines that contain software applications that perform computations that must complete before a deadline or deadlines as measured according to an external reference clock (i.e., a so-called �wall clock�). Among the applications that an RTVM might contain are streaming media applications, including audio and video applications, digital signal processing and communications applications, including modem and networking applications. RTVMs may also be used in other instances. Because of the fine grained machine switch requirements placed on a virtual machine system by RTVMs, an undesirable amount of overhead may be generated when the VMM switches between various VMs and RTVMs. By binding RTVMs, and, in some instances, non-real-time VMs, to dedicated hardware contexts on a hyper-threaded processor, the overhead associated with such switching is reduced and performance of the virtual machine system is improved. Although the term �binding� is used herein, binding includes and/or is synonymous with, for example, but not limited to, assigning, aggregating, designating, allocating, distributing, or otherwise establishing and/or managing the relationship between VMs and hardware contexts.
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a flow of actions taken by a virtual machine manager. The VMM first evaluates the bandwidth and latency requirements of one or more real-time virtual machines, as shown in block 310. Bandwidth and latency may be described as resource requirements of a virtual machine. Bandwidth is referred to by the variable X, and latency is referred to as the variable Y. Bandwidth refers to the amount of computing resources such as memory and other devices that are required by the particular virtual machine, and latency refers to how frequently the virtual machine requires access to the processor for execution. In one embodiment, bandwidth may be a tuple of values between 0 and 1, inclusive, which represent the fraction of corresponding resources the VM requires. In one embodiment, the tuple may be a quad tuple in which each element represents the fraction or percentage of processor, memory, display and disk resources required. For example, the tuple (0.5, 0.25, 0, 0.1) could represent a VM which requires 50% of the processor cycles, 25% of the system memory, 0% of the display (i.e., this VM is non-interactive) and 10% of the system disk bandwidth. The size of the tuple may vary depending on the components of a particular system. The resources represented in the tuple are not limited and are based on the hardware components of a particular system. In one embodiment, latency may refer to a period such as, for example, five milliseconds, or fifty microseconds, etc. which represents the longest duration for which the VM can be �held off� or delayed from execution. The VMM determines whether any real-time virtual machines are candidates for binding to one or more hardware contexts, as shown in block 320. The VMM binds one or more of the binding candidates; that is, real-time virtual machines, to one or more hardware contexts, as shown in block 330. Although the VMM is described in this paragraph as functioning solely with real-time virtual machines, the VMM may apply this same flow of execution to non-real-time virtual machines. Such an application may be desired if performance gains are to be realized. This is both system and processor dependent.
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SFGTV2 : September 1, 2011 1:00pm-1:30pm PDT : Free Streaming : Internet Archive
tv [untitled] September 1, 2011 1:00pm-1:30pm PDT
there. commissioner antonini: i am going to make a motion that is very similar to that of commissioner sugaya, to repeat the sign entry sign at masonic be limited to 20 feet. that the four-blade signs along gary b of a size shown smaller, and that copy be vertical. that the decorative screens have muted colors. if the directional sign does not exceed 15 feet with a movement towards narrowing of the lakes with better placement. perhaps it may allow of low or high.
that would be my motion. president olague: that does include working with staff. commissioner miguel: i do not think the screen should have any color. what a single land tone is nearly invisible? >> maybe we can clarify what we are dealing here today. >> the screens are not considered a sign. the correction of a conditional use is to continue to work with staff.
does the wall side applied to the screen? -- sign apply to the screen? president olague: commissioner miguoore? commissioner moore: i would like to be particular attention being given to screens like floating elements. a frames are attachments be invisible to the front elevation of the building, it can be easily done. they are quite capable of doing that. i would agree with the commissioners that he tonality of those letters be very much blend wited with the building.
it is an exact contradiction of what we are trying to do. commissioner sugaya: i will support the motion. i just did not want to compromise -- anyway, never mind. >> you have a motion on the floor to approve this recommendation. you have some modifications, a slimmer basis. i'm not sure of this. i think it's muted screen colors. president olague: that's what i'm hearing.
>> you wanted the placement and visibility of the science, you watched the staff to continue working. commissioner antonini: aye. commissioner fong: aye. commissioner moore: aye. commissioner sugaya: aye. commissioner miguel: aye. president olague: aye. >> that motion passes unanimously. president olague: we will take a president olague: we will take a 15 minute recess. >> the planning commission is back in session. you are on item number six. the san francisco museum of modern art expansion, a fire station and location housing project. i will just remind everyone to turn off yourself loans,
pagers, and electronic devices. the front row is generally reserved for staff, so we will ask you to find a seat behind you. thank you. >> the purpose of today's hearing is to take public comment on the adequacy, accuracy, and completeness of the draft environmental impact report for the sentence as the museum of modern art expansion. no approval action is requested at this time. as described the, the project entails the following. the building of a 200 ft tall
230,000 square foot expansion to the existing museum of modern art. demolition of the vacant building, relocation of fire station number one to that site, and construction on the front 2/3 of the law. -- of the lot. the planning department prepared an environmental impact report because it would have a significant impact on the environment. the draft eir found that the existing fire station are both eligible for the california register of historic places. fire station no. 1 was determined to contribute to a historic district comprised of midcentury fire stations. the demolition would not be significant because the same era would not preclude this district
from conveying historic significance. the draft and determined that the industrial building is eligible for listing on the california register with potential historic resources with the events, in this case, the rebuilding of south of market. they found demolition of the folsom street building would be significant and unavoidable as an environmental impact. the department held a hearing at the preservation commission to discuss this. they elected not to prepare written comments, so i will summarize points for the record. they found it at a quick and the approach to project alternatives was correctly sufficient. they questioned the findings relative to the historic status and felt that it retained enough integrity to be considered a
historic resources. staff published in this draft on july 11, 2011, and it has a 45- day public review. . -- review period. they submit their comments to the planning department. by 5:00 p.m. on august 25. members of the public that are here today, please state your names for the record and the state about the adequacy or completeness of this report. when is complete, the department will provide copies for those that made comments. this concludes my presentation.
president olague: i will open it up for public comment. we have three speaker cards. >> good afternoon, we are a neighborhood association from third street to sixth street. and basically in taking a look at this as best we can, our neighborhood concerns with the new fire department going yen are really about traffic, noise, and whatever can be done to mitigate those issues. given that the fire department will be there and doing the
best we can. it looks like that there will not be a traffic signal put in which we had thought was on the work to be done. we feel that this is a significant tool that can be used for the fire department and the neighborhood to control traffic when fire alarms are going off. also with regard to noise, who were first told by the folks that we met with that they would potentially be putting in a special rooms of the bacon to the testing of equipment in the morning is that they will be doing seven days a week at 8:30. we are told it is not feasible and we think there should be another stab at looking at that. in order to cut down on noise and neighbors in the immediate
area. many people that live right across the alley. people that are right next to the new fire department on a daily basis. finally, we thought there should be a bit more detail as far as the effects of sirens and the noise on the people that live there that are going to be woken up in the morning for all tellers of the day. and maybe there should be something done by the health department to look into that. >> good afternoon, commissioners. i am here on behalf of the owners of the the real hotel. they support expansion. recognize the benefits to the
city, providing greater access to the incredible collection and the economic benefits. we value our relationship with the museum and to want to see if thrive. because they are such close neighbors, and guests of the hotel will experience the impact of the project more than most. we want to ensure that all impact are mitigated to the extent feasible. good city planning demands this. we will be submitting written comments, but i want to highlight some of our concerns now. the draft is inefficient in a couple of areas. like traffic during the two- year period, the height and design of the expansion. first, traffic. a substantial amount of loading occurs in the museum and the existing fire station.
there is no discussion, but what happens when that area is closed off? and all of that traffic is forced through third street? as you know, these are vital corridors for traffic moving across the city. they are already very congested, particularly during the commute hours. it will literally stop traffic at key intersections of the city. this should be fully exposed -- disclosed. it dismisses impact of tel in non-public areas. 40,000 or 50,000 visitors will use the hotel rooms that directly face the project. at least 112 of the rooms will be blocked. we hear the fire department will
create renderings. we were expecting for results, -- poor results, but even we were surprised. this is a draft view. not even a sliver of sky is visible. we have no idea what the wall will look like. it is incomplete. we would like to ensure that the wall that faces vw is aesthetically pleasing -- the w is aesthetically please. ing. [chime] we ask that you take a closer look at these issues. thank you. >> my name is nancy connel- henson, we are directly behind
the site of the proposed new fire station. we are in favor of the project and the relocation. we welcome the upside in the fourth to a productive and neighborly relationship with them. we do have some lingering concerns that have not been addressed. we continue to request investigation of the from a testing room that would lessen the noise elements that are known to occur on a daily basis. recently, we asked the testing area be feasible and to meet requirements. we don't believe this has been fully investigated as an option. there needs to be much more aggressive traffic control in the vicinity.
and an editor like operating at the discretion of the fire station as needed, the upcoming construction was not taken into account were addressed. addressing these issues led not only increase public safety, but lessening air horn noise in the neighborhood. there also needs to be more outside lighting on the building itself and the surrounding lough -- lot. the neighborhood has two major concerns regarding the shipley side of the project. as the ultimate nature of the residence to be built, the proposal has been market rate residences, but this is still a large unknown. it is ironic that a project led
by a major arts institution in foods no element of public art. the expectation of the neighborhood is that there would decidedly be elements of public art included in the plan. elements were promised to the neighborhood from the onset and have since been excluded from the plan. president olague: any additional public comment? public comment is closed. commissioner antonini: thank you for your comments. i think there are some good points raised, particularly the concerns about traffic. certainly, i am supportive of further study on that. fire station no. 1 was at one time he business station in the united states with mostly medical calls that are generally
problems with substance abuse. that is something to really look at closely as the analyze this to make sure that we are properly evaluating the impact. the other issue was mitigation of some other impacts by the null right turns certainly studying, it is a great deterrent for crime. these are all things i think can be included if they are not presently addressed completely and we should look at those and make sure that they are there. >> i think it looks relatively adequate and complete. the comments regarding the relocation of the fire station
are well taken and the thing should be investigated further. normally, people that reside near fire stations after they are already in place. fire stations rarely move their locations. we are doing the opposite here. we are moving a fire station into an area with residents and it provides a different questions. originally, i am not going to by the noise issue. you're creating a totally different situation here. as for the expansion, and those that knew me, i fought it very heavily for years to key bit out of the presidio. -- to keep it out of the presidio. it is a wrongly concepted
situation. having been on the board there, fisher being on the board of moma would have been the logical place for a highly resisted by the family and those involved with how a collection for a long time. i am pleased that it is landing where it belongs. i may have additional written comments later. commissioner moore: there is a fine grain of traffic conflict. it is partially because of traffic impacting how how you crossed the third street intersection on markets. there are like cumulative impacts in all of these blocks.
there were great solutions for parking their cars -- the success of high-tech is being looked at fairly and squarely, the elements closer and further away. if we choose a corridor in the er -- yerba buena, i'm on page 139. i would ask they are moved closer right behind the marquee theater. i think they created a composition by which the layering of historic and new architecture works very well
when you saw the museum of modern art composed well with historic buildings. and we won't see that anymore. i ask that we take a slightly closer look at how the most important views. it has a lot of commercial and cultural offerings. i think it would have the addition of the expansion, there has to be a give-and-take. you can't just be the new kid on the block. -- on the block that takes it all. i am also concerned about the massive expansion on mission street. i believe we have to have a clear visualizations of what that will look like and as it
indicates, look more at the environment and clearly explain why that might be a more environmentally preferred alternative. i think the draft eir is quite well prepared. commissioner antonini: thank you. a few things to add on to the fore. -- to before. i think it is really hard to envision, you only show massing, not the design. wherever possible, we hope as this moves forward that it can be somewhat mitigated by the design, particularly on howard street where in visual context, it can address the context of height, even if it is taller,
there will be a way to make that portion appear to be not as high as it really is. i think that would be a good thing to do. i was very happy with the historical evaluation in the area. it was originally happy valley, one of the habitable areas south of market before the earthquake. there was a history there later on. 670 howard, apparently is not a historical resource. that is important to note as far as that is concerned. it is pointed out, there were 17 fire stations added in the international style in the 50's. there are plenty of them that still exist if you like that style. there are plenty you can see.
we won't be losing anything as far as the landmark there. commissioner moore: i need to correct myself. thank you for reminding me, when i said mission street, i meant to say howard street. >> if there are no more comments, i would assume this concludes the public hearing for the san francisco museum of modern art expansion and fire station relocation and housing project. comments will be accepted at the planning department's office until the close of business august 25, 2011. commissioners, you are ready to start item #7. the thirty fourth america's cup cruise terminal and
>> good afternoon president olague. good afternoon, commissioners. i am with the planning staff, and i am joined by chris kern, also from planning staff. i am also joined by a representatives from paul mitchell, the environmental consultants for the project. some folks are trickling in right now. the item before you today is the public hearing on the draft eir for case 2010.0493e, the james r. herman cruise terminal and
northeast wharf plaza. staff came before you on july 7, 2011. the historic preservation commission had a hearing on august 3. there was no public testimony at that hearing, and they continued their discussion until august 17, next week. today's action is a public hearing on the adequacy and accuracy of the affirmation contained in the draft eir, and we ask that comments be focused on this. the draft eir the significant and unavoidable impact related to noise and air quality. the draft eir found significant impacts that could be mitigated on cultural resources, noise and vibrations, when and shadow, biological resources, technology and water quality and hazardous materials. there will be no decision today
to approve or disapprove the proposed project. that hearing will follow the final eir. we are here today to receive comments from the public and commissioners regarding the draft eir. also pertains ceqa. comments will be transcribed, and they will be responded to in writing in the comments document which response to all comments received and makes revisions to and makeseir -- and makes revisions to the eir. there is a court reporter here today, and we ask that all, enter speak slowly and clearly. after comments from the public, we will take comments on the draft eir from the
commissioner's. the hearing began on july 11, 2011 and continues until august 25. this concludes my presentation. are respectfully ask the public hearing on the draft eir be open. president olague: thank you. we have several speaker cards. jan bloom, dennis mackenzie, terry shore, kate coleman. >> good afternoon, commissioners. my address is on lenworth street. thank you are holding this hearing. i am prepared for a one-minute time limit, so i will speak to that. de d-eir bills to mitigate or recognize negative impact on the neighborhood
September 1, 2011 1:00pm-1:30pm PDT
TOPIC FREQUENCY Antonini 4, Moore 4, Sugaya 3, Presidio 2, San Francisco 2, California 2, Midcentury 1, Buena 1, Moma 1, The Expansion 1, Tel 1, Ing 1, Eir 1, Shipley 1, Ceqa 1, Fisher 1, Henson 1, Miguoore 1, James R. Herman 1, Dennis Mackenzie 1

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US Internal Revenue Service: 14183202 | Internal Revenue Service | Rulemaking
BrowseInterestsBiography & MemoirBusiness & LeadershipFiction & LiteraturePolitics & EconomyHealth & WellnessSociety & CultureHappiness & Self-HelpMystery, Thriller & CrimeHistoryYoung AdultBrowse byBooksAudiobooksArticlesSheet MusicBrowse allUploadSign inJoin[4830-01-p] DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [REG-141832-02] RIN 1545-BB20 Substantiationof Incidental Expenses
AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and notice of proposed rulemaking by crossreference to temporary regulations. SUMMARY: This document contains proposed amendments to regulations relating to the requirement to substantiate business expenses for traveling expenses away from home. In the Rules and Regulations section of this issue of the Federal Register, the IRS is issuing temporary regulations relating to the requirement to substantiate business expenses for traveling expenses while away from home under section 274 of the Internal Revenue Code. The text of those regulations also serves as text for these proposed regulations. This document also contains proposed regulations amending the regulations under section 62 to conform the cross-reference to the regulations under section 274. DATES: Written or electronic comments and requests for a public hearing must be received by February 6, 2003. ADDRESSES: Send submissions to: CC:ITA:RU (REG-141832-02), room 5226, Internal Revenue Service, POB 7604, Ben Franklin Station, Washington, DC. 20044. Submissions may be hand delivered Monday through Friday between the hours of 8 a.m.
2 and 5 p.m. to: CC:ITA:RU (REG-141832-02), Courier's Desk, Internal Revenue Service, 1111 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC. Alternatively, taxpayers may submit electronic comments directly to the IRS Internet site at www.irs.gov/regs. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Concerning the proposed regulations, John Moriarty, (202) 622-4930; concerning submissions of comments and/or requests for a public hearing, LaNita Van Dyke, (202) 622-7180 (not toll-free numbers). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background and Explanation of Provisions Final and temporary regulations in the Rules and Regulations section of this issue of the Federal Register amend the Income Tax Regulations (26 CFR part 1) relating to section 274. The temporary regulations authorize the Commissioner to establish a method under which a taxpayer may use a specified amount or amounts for incidental expenses paid or incurred while traveling away from home in lieu of substantiating the actual cost of incidental expenses. The text of the temporary regulations also serves, in part, as text for these proposed regulations. The preamble to the temporary regulations explains the amendment. Special Analyses It has been determined that this notice of proposed rulemaking is not a significant regulatory action as defined in Executive Order 12866. Therefore, a regulatory assessment is not required. It is hereby certified that these regulations will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This certification is based upon the fact that these regulations do not require a collection of information and do
3 not impose any new or different requirements on small entities. Therefore, a Regulatory Flexibility Analysis under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6) is not required. Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the Internal Revenue Code, this notice of proposed rulemaking will be submitted to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration for comment on their impact. Comments and Requests for a Public Hearing Before these proposed regulations are adopted as final regulations, consideration will be given to any written (a signed original and 8 copies) or electronic comments that are submitted timely to the IRS. The IRS and Treasury Department request comments on the clarity of the proposed rules and how they can be made easier to understand. All comments will be available for public inspection and copying. A public hearing will be scheduled if requested in writing by any person that timely submits written comments. If a public hearing is scheduled, notice of the date, time, and place for the public hearing will be published in the Federal Register. Drafting Information The principal author of these regulations is John Moriarty, Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Income Tax & Accounting). However, other personnel from the IRS and Treasury Department participated in their development. List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1 Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
4 Proposed Amendments to the Regulations Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is proposed to be amended as follows: PART 1--INCOME TAXES Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read in part as follows: Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * * Section 1.274-5 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 274(d). * * * Par. 2. Section 1.62-2 is amended by removing the last three sentences of paragraph (e)(2) and adding two sentences in their place to read as follows: § 1.62-2 Reimbursements and other expense allowance arrangements. ***** (e) * * * (2) * * * See §1.274-5(g) and (j), which grant the Commissioner the authority to establish optional methods of substantiating certain expenses. Substantiation of the amount of a business expense in accordance with rules prescribed pursuant to the authority granted by §1.274-5(g) or (j) will be treated as substantiation of the amount of such expense for purposes of this section. ***** Par. 3. Section 1.274-5 is amended by: 1. Adding paragraph (j)(3). 2. Adding a new sentence at the end of paragraph (m). The additions read as follows:
5 §1.274-5 Substantiation requirements. [The text of proposed §1.274-5(j)(3) and the proposed new sentence at the end of §1.274-5(m) are the same as the text of §1.274-5T(j)(3) and the last sentence of
§1.274-5T(m) published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register].
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Life In The Ring Family
Hi, my name is Michelle and I am a Face Book Addict!!! I can not believe how long it has been since I last posted. I have discovered the world of FB and I am truly addicted. It has been wonderful to catch up with friends from high school. I have rekindled friendship with people I had not been in contact with since high school 18 years ago.
I will try and update this week-end with stories and pictures from the past few weeks.
Somehow :) I have managed to gain 30 pounds since graduating from high school in 1991. I kept waiting to wake up skinny one day but it hasn't happened.
About 3 months ago I finally decided to do something about the 30 extra pounds that are making me feel miserable. Most people would choose a nice daily walk , jog or even a trip to the gym. No, not me, I decide to sign up for kickboxing/hotboxing classes. I convinced my friend Susan to go with me and she may never forgive me.
In October Susan and I started attending class 3-4 times a week. I love several things about the class. The fact that it is a group setting and Susan and I hold each other accountable for going. It is great exercise and very intense. The lights are off and the music is loud. This keeps everyone from seeing the anguish on my face and hearing my gasps for air. Last but not least when I have a bad day, I can get all my frustration out while kicking and punching the bag. And even better, everyone is cheering for me the harder I punch and kick.
There are however; a few dislikes with the class. The first would be the panic you feel when you have to use the restroom. Just knowing you have to lower your entire body to sit on the toilet can bring on a panic attack. When you are so sore you can't walk, how can you possibly sit on the toilet. LOL Secondly, the 2 "Hooter Girls" (yes they really work there) that decide to attend class about once or twice a month and ALWAYS stand directly in front of Susan and I. We decided next time they come we should offer to buy them a new pair of shorts. Then they will not have to continue wearing their 5 year old sisters shorts. If they refuse our offer, we will kindly suggest they please wear undergarments and I don't mean a bra. :)
That about sums up the love hate relationship I have with kickboxing/hotboxing. To anyone who may be looking for a new workout routine, I highly recommend you try hotboxing. I have lost about 10 pounds without altering my eating habits. Susan has lost about 20 pounds with hotboxing and counting calories. Since January 1st, I too have been calorie counting and hope to see better results in the next three months.
On December 28th, 1999 the third love of my life entered the world, Chandler Coleman Ring. As all moms know, I never knew until I had kids that I could love one person so much.
Chandler is such a loving and affectionate child. Even at nine years old he loves to sit on the couch nd let me hold his sweet little hand, scratch his back, and kiss all over that precious face. There are so many times that a simple look from him makes me want to squeeze his little face and kiss it all over. As you can tell from the pictures, he will sometimes resist, but in the end always gives in.
Look at those dimples. Who could resist them?!
Chandler is a very laid back child and does not get in a hurry for anything. He enjoys each day for what it is. He love to play sports, football, basketball, and baseball.
He loves to spend time at the family camp in Michigan. Whether that means playing cards, hunting, riding the four-wheeler, or just hanging out.
He loves his electronic games (Nintendo DS, Gamecube, Playstation etc...) so much that we some times have to set time limits on playing them.
Unlike his mom, who is a Coke kind of girl he loves Cream Soda in the bottle.
He is a straight A student who is always striving to do his best.
The bond that Chandler and Autumn share is one that I thank God for everyday. As I have mentioned before they are only 15 months apart and are inseparable. They sleep in the same bed, eat every meal and snack together, play together, tell each other all their "secrets" and keep them secrets, do homework together, read books to each other, stick up for each other, and on rare occasion have nasty little fights. Hey, it's not a perfect world. LOL I am so grateful for this special bond and hope that it will always remain the same.
Chandler and Taylor are 6 years apart so their relationship although very close is different than he and Autumn. Taylor is his role model. He is always striving to be like Taylor may it be in sports or academics.
So on December 26th at 8:00 a.m. it was time to put away the Christmas decorations and get ready for a family birthday party. Having a birthday so close to Christmas is not easy. My birthday is Janury 4th so I understand how he feels. When he was born I promised myself that I would never down play his birthday just because it was so soon after Christmas. Every year on his birthday we have a big family party and celebrate later with his friends.
Happy Birthday Chandler!!! I love you more than words can ever begin to express.
O.K. get ready for the enormous amount of pictures you are about to see. I will start with Christmas Eve.
When I got home from work this is how I found Autumn and Chandler. Snuggled up on the couch waiting for Jason and I to get home from work and take them to the movie. I am so happy that Autumn and Chandler are so close. They are only 15 months apart and are inseparable. Even at the age of 9 and 10 they still sleep in the same bed every night. I have tried to get them to sleep in their own beds but they are not interested in that. Back to the movie. All 5 of us went to see Yes Man. It was a really good movie.
After the movie it was time to get ready and go to Gucky and Paw Paw's (my parents) house for dinner and presents.
Chandler is trying to show a mean face. I would say he did a pretty good job.
We are considering getting my mom counseling for the amount of presents she buys us for Christmas. She did cut back this year. Each daughter, son-in-law, and grandchild only received about 10 or 12 presents each. Good thing she is cutting back. LOL
The only thing Jason wanted this year were Best Buy gift cards so he could buy a new T.V. Well, it just would not be fair to only have one present for him and so many for everyone else. So he received numerous Best Buy gift cards. This was his surprise as he opened about the 8th or 9th gift card.
At about midnight after being completely spoiled with presents by my parents we headed home. Once at home Autumn and Chandler started putting out cookies and milk for Santa.
When suddenly here comes a cookie thief. Porkchop STOP!!!!
Look closely and you can see the cookies in his mouth.
Ahhhh... delicious.
The next few pictures are at 1:30 a.m. when I am attempting to get a picture of the kids before they go to bed. Let me say they were wound up. I have never seen them quite so HYPER!!!
Take 2 Yes Autumn is standing on top of the chair.
Take 3.......... I give up
I bet you are thinking this picture was taken bright and early. Wrong, this was taken when they woke up at 10:15!! Taylor had been up since 8:00 waiting on them to wake up. He finally went outside and started playing basketball.
Santa overdid it a bit.
Taylor's favorite present was The North Face coat.
Autumn was beyond excited to receive her very own camcorder.
Can you tell by this face he was excited to get Club Penguin.
Once my sister and niece arrived she had to show Gucky and Granny some of the things Santa left for her, including an ice cream maker.
Once everyone ate breakfast and went home, this is where I found Jason and Chandler. They were laying in Autumn's bed watching Chandler's new Star Wars Movie.
We had a great Christmas with family and were blessed beyond measure.
O.K. it is over now. Hurry up and take down the Christmas decorations we have a special birthday to celebrate. I will post about this special birthday in a few hours.
Autumn and Chandler posing for pictures before trick or treating. They both decided this year they did not want to dress up. Normally I would be sad, but things have been so busy lately I did not argue with them. Autumn wore one of Taylor's friends cheerleading uniform from middle school and Chandler wore his beloved Steelers jersey.
Autumn was going to invite ONE friend to go trick or treating with us but by the time we were ready to leave she had 4. Of course they all HAD to sleepover. They had so much fun. I am always glad to have their friends at our house. We did our usual hayride for them. I think that will be the last year we do it. They never really rode in it, they were to busy running from house to house.
Taylor and his friends terrorized the neighborhood for a few hours before returning to our house to all sleepover.
Chandler had his end of season football party on Saturday.
I just love this sweet little face.
This is Taylor #3 at the Varsity game against Lowndes County. He is a freshman quarterback playing varsity with 2 senior quarterbacks. He has been doing alot of standing on the sidelines which he is not use to. Tonight they will play their final game of the season against Valdosta. USA Today had an article in yesterdays paper ranking our high school conference #1 in the nation. I thought that was very exciting to know how much football talent there is here. I am so proud of the team and their hard work.
GOOOOOOOO Bears!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Hi, my name is Michelle and I am a Face Book Addic...

value: Blogger is an American online content management system (CMS) which enables multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003.


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Pieces of Me: Trunk or Treat!
Laurel! They looked so cute! I have never seen a dragon riding a razor scooter so that was pretty cool!
So cute, so fun, kinda miss those days....as we sit here tonight answering the door and Jeff not going out....the end of an era. :(
Dad is the most sad, no more Dad tax on Halloween, those days are over.
darling pictures of the kids! I love it!


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Is this question about bonus actions a duplicate? - Role-playing Games Meta Stack Exchange
Today, a question was asked regarding the bonus action granted by the Crossbow Expert feat in D&D 5e. There's been a large amount of contention about whether or not the question is a duplicate of not one, not two, but three other questions.
The feature in question has a different name and wording than the Shield Master feat, which was asked about in the first potential duplicate. The difference between the wording, and that they're questions about different features may exclude these from being duplicates.
The question makes an effort to include research about the order of actions and bonus actions, which is the content of the second potential duplicate. This may be a duplicate because, if the wording of the feature doesn't imply a necessary order, then the answers to these questions would be the same. It additionally may not be a duplicate, because the asker seems to want to know whether the wording does imply an order or not.
Finally, if the question is asking about whether the order is specified in this case, answers would be the same as the third potential duplicate.
Is this question actually a duplicate of any of these questions? Could any of these questions be considered duplicates of each other?
asked Mar 1 '17 at 19:40
11.1k33 silver badges1515 bronze badges
\$\begingroup\$ Depending on the amount of overlap found between these six questions you've listed, the D&D 5e community here might also wish to consider whether creating a canonical question or two would be in order. \$\endgroup\$ – doppelgreener♦ Mar 1 '17 at 23:27
\$\begingroup\$ I considered asking about that, but didn't want to bloat this post with more than one question. Additionally, there are only 3 linked questions: I've repeated the references to attempt to clarify which potential duplicate I'm referring to in each block. \$\endgroup\$ – inthemanual Mar 1 '17 at 23:46
\$\begingroup\$ I follow. I've edited so it's obvious which links are the same. So, four questions, one of which may be a duplicate of three others. I'm mentioning the canonical question thing because answerers may wish to present it as part of a solution (if it's appropriate, it may well not be at all); don't feel pressured to mention anything about it in your question. \$\endgroup\$ – doppelgreener♦ Mar 2 '17 at 0:09
I don't think it's a duplicate. The heart of the question boils down to the specific "When you use..." wording, which is mentioned in passing as making a difference in some low-voted answers on at least one of those other questions but not treated specifically.
So given the question is "normally you can use bonus actions anytime, except when order is stated like "immediately after." But when it says "when you use X" can you take the bonus action anytime or just anytime after X?" None of the extant questions clearly treat this edge case, hence the question.
The second potential duplicate fits as a canonical answer.
After careful analysis, I think the second linked "duplicate" fits the best as a canonical question and answer. With a simple edit to the one existing answer, to include that certain abilities grant bonus actions when certain actions are taken, but don't necessarily specify the order in which the action and bonus action must be taken do allow for the action and bonus action to be taken in any order, the answer to that question would correctly answer all 4 questions, which is the basis for a duplicate, and the question it is linked to is arguably the most straightforward and canonical of the bunch. If that edit is made, or another answer created and accepted, the other questions should all be marked as a duplicate of it.
answered Mar 2 '17 at 6:12
\$\begingroup\$ I would like to note that I am relatively new to this, and I would appreciate feedback on this suggestion, especially from any who disagree. \$\endgroup\$ – inthemanual Mar 2 '17 at 6:13
\$\begingroup\$ When it comes to determining whether one question is a duplicate of another, only the questions matter - the answers are actually irrelevant. In this case, the question is about a specific feat, and the wording of that feat. The second possible duplicate is about bonus actions in general, without reference to any specific feat. The questions are definitely related, and could potentially share an answer, but they're about different things. \$\endgroup\$ – GMJoe Mar 3 '17 at 9:45
\$\begingroup\$ The reason why answers don't matter when identifying duplicates is that saying "the answer is on this other page about an unrelated topic" doesn't actually answer the question in a direct and easily understandable format. It's the same problem we have with link-only answers, or (for that matter) with answers that amount to "Google it" or "re-read the rules, and carefully this time." \$\endgroup\$ – GMJoe Mar 3 '17 at 9:50
\$\begingroup\$ @GMJoe - The basis for duplicates is that they have the same potential answers, as seen here: meta.stackexchange.com/a/10844/348188 \$\endgroup\$ – inthemanual Mar 3 '17 at 16:45
\$\begingroup\$ Huh, weird - That's rather different to what this meta question and answer implies: meta.rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/5808/… . Is it that we've got a slightly different definition of a duplicate here, or are we doing things wrong, or am I just misunderstanding? \$\endgroup\$ – GMJoe Mar 3 '17 at 22:14
\$\begingroup\$ @GMJoe I think there might be a basis for a fundamental meta Q there: "what do we consider duplicates?" or the like. I've certainly been operating on the theory that same/similar answer points toward (though may not be 100% indicative of) duplicate question, though I can't point to where I obtained that notion. Probably chat- or comment-guidance from SSD early in my tenure, IIRC. \$\endgroup\$ – nitsua60♦ Mar 4 '17 at 17:09
\$\begingroup\$ @Thiebert That's a slight misreading of that link, with not-so-slight consequences. Note that it's further explained as "This includes not only word-for-word duplicates, but also the same idea expressed in different words." Different questions that happen to have the same answers are not duplicates and shouldn't be flagged or voted as such. Our go-to example is that many questions can be answered with "Talk to them", but that doesn't make a question about negotiating homebrew disagreements with a GM duplicate of a social conflict about including new people in the group. \$\endgroup\$ – SevenSidedDie Mar 6 '17 at 16:41
\$\begingroup\$ @SevenSidedDie While I disagree that the sentence you point out means that some of these questions aren't duplicates, the next paragraph quite clearly does support that idea. However I challenge the idea that we should have a separate question for each "when you use" type wording, and should instead have a canonical question/answer that covers every case. \$\endgroup\$ – inthemanual Mar 6 '17 at 17:52
\$\begingroup\$ @THiebert I think there's more misinterpretation. Keep in mind that that the answer you're interpreting is from 2009 — we have had plenty of time to understand and incorporate it, and we're not turning 180 on the six years of RPG.se's precedent on what is and isn't a duplicate, which is already aligned with the general network understanding. If there's more to say there, a full meta is probably called for. (As for the specific case raised above, I have no opinion — if I did, I would have already cast the appropriate super-votes and explained why in an answer here.) \$\endgroup\$ – SevenSidedDie Mar 6 '17 at 18:12
\$\begingroup\$ @SevenSidedDie I personally don't see how some of these questions (and answers) aren't the "same idea expressed in different words." I'd like some help understanding where my misinterpretations lies. I'm not trying to challenge anything about the precedent that's established here, just this specific case (or two or three, if we're talking about each question involved). \$\endgroup\$ – inthemanual Mar 6 '17 at 18:37
\$\begingroup\$ @THiebert Ah, in this case it's that whether it's a duplicate or not comes down to a close reading of the rules, a good grasp on the functional relationships of the things being asked about, and a close reading of the questions themselves. That makes it hard to clearly judge whether they're the same problem, or whether they're different problems caused by the same wording issue in the rules. When the difference is that fine-grained, disputes in judgement are expected. For my part, it's less impact on the site to leave them open to be answered, so I'm erring toward “not sure; leaving alone”. \$\endgroup\$ – SevenSidedDie Mar 6 '17 at 18:42
\$\begingroup\$ @SevenSidedDie It's also my understanding that duplicates are used to keep information central to one place. If, for example, Crawford reversed his ruling on the matter, we'd have FOUR places that need this updated information in order to remain accurate, whereas if we can establish a canonical answer for all like questions, we'd only have ONE place that needs an update (and we could find it through any of the others). \$\endgroup\$ – inthemanual Mar 6 '17 at 18:45
\$\begingroup\$ @THiebert When it happens that's a useful effect of duplicates, but still only a benefit if the questions are the same question. When questions are marked duplicate only because the answers are the same, that's baking a judgement about the correct answer into the duplicate vote, but duplicate votes aren't for deciding what the right answer is, up/down-voting is for deciding that. \$\endgroup\$ – SevenSidedDie Mar 6 '17 at 19:08
\$\begingroup\$ @SevenSidedDie I'm not trying to decide a correct answer here either. I just think that these questions are all similar enough that a single question could cover all of them, keeping information central to one place and making changes and updates to that information easier. \$\endgroup\$ – inthemanual Mar 6 '17 at 19:26
\$\begingroup\$ @THiebert “Similar” is close but not close enough — duplicates are for identical questions. If we already have that single question that does cover them all, then that's a thing to vote for. If one could but doesn't, then they're not close enough. \$\endgroup\$ – SevenSidedDie Mar 6 '17 at 19:37
If I may address the general rather than the specific: When is [any given] question a duplicate?
This has the answer: When it is closed as such.
It is up to each of us to decide if we consider it to be a duplicate and lodge a close vote accordingly. Like every other part of the voting system this is inherently subjective and individual.
If you encounter a closed as a duplicate question that you think isn't a duplicate then it is your prerogative to try and get it reopened.
Note that there are huge numbers of duplicates that do not get marked as such because doing so relies on someone being aware when reading the new question that there is a duplicate and being able to find the original from half remembered keywords from possibly years ago.
As to the particular, if you think it's a duplicate vote to close. If you think it is a duplicate of more than one question then ipso facto they must be duplicates of one another so vote to close all but one of them. If you don't, don't.
My personal opinion is that this should be allowed to play out on the main site and/or in a chat room - running a shadow discussion on it here in meta doesn't help.
edited Mar 7 '17 at 23:47
answered Mar 6 '17 at 6:28
\$\begingroup\$ All this can be taken as granted already; the querent is looking for guidance of whether the community thinks it's a duplicate of any particular thing and why. Pointing out the way the close vote mechanism works is a non-answer. It seems what you mean is "we don't need to decide that together, let's just let people vote" which is fine, but I suggest you may want to just say that in place of explaining closing/reopening. \$\endgroup\$ – doppelgreener♦ Mar 7 '17 at 15:28

value: Stack Exchange is a network of question-and-answer (Q&A) websites on topics in diverse fields, each site covering a specific topic, where questions, answers, and users are subject to a reputation award process. The reputation system allows the sites to be self-moderating.


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Clear Brook HS Library: September 2010
In honor of Banned Books Week, Mental Floss Magazine researched some surprising banned book facts. Go to their site to see the answers.
Who is the hero of the popular book series by Dav Pilkey, which has been challenged for its “anti-family content”?
True or False: Where’s Waldo? by Martin Hanford appeared on the American Library Association’s List of the “100 Most Frequently Challenged Books” from 1990-2000.
Why was an illustrated edition of Little Red Riding Hood banned in two California school districts in 1989?
It's Homecoming Week at Clear Brook. Today is 'Twin Day.' We have some creative students who made their shoes, dresses, belts and hairbands from duct tape. So cool! Need help with your next duct tape creation? Try Ductigami by Joe Wilson (745.5 WIL).
Time to Celebrate Your Freedom to Read
Labels: books, events, news
Thanks to all the students that attended the library's free lunchtime "Get Ready for the PSAT/SAT" seminar. Everyone signed up for an online account to take practice tests. Remember that the PSAT is October 13 so start studying now! Good Luck! If you need help, just talk to your librarians.
Labels: events, patrons
Are you now or will you be 18 soon?
Are you registered to vote? If you are 18 or will be soon, your librarians can help you get registered to vote. Stop by or use our link below.
Labels: events, patrons, programs
You have grown up with Harry Potter...the books, the movies. This has been both a literary and cinematic event of your childhood. Not many generations can claim being a part of something like this. You'll be telling your kids about it someday. It's almost over. Enjoy the finale.
Using your cell phone to learn @ your library
The freshman at CBHS have all attended a library orientation. They participated in a live questionaire by sending their answers via cell phone text. Our students don't "unplug" when they come to school at Clear Brook. We're cutting-edge like that!


text:
jimmynebula on eBay
jimmynebula's profile
User ID jimmynebula (Feedback score 8)
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As described! Fast shipping! Great packaging! Thank you!
Nice item I like it
||Member since: Jan 27, 2020|United States
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value: eBay Inc. ( EE-bay) is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
Hippy's Happenings and other family news: June 2009
Top Ten on my Ipod
1. Then by Brad Paisley2. How Deep the Father's Love For Us by Travis Cottrell3. Jackson by Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon (Walk the Line Soundtrack)4. The Way You Look Tonight by Kris Allen5. Here Come Goodbye by Rascal Flatts6. Shine Jesus Shine by some worship team (Abby's request)7. I Run To You by Lady Antebellum8. Praise to the Lord, the Almighty by Travis Cottrell9. My Front Porch Looking In by Lonestar10. Sweet Thing by Keith Urban
Robin Hood. We watch the movie at least once every day. She plays with the characters. She dresses up like him. Rick thinks it might teach her certain, ah, political ideals but she really loves it! Ooh de lally, ooh de lally, golly what a day!
Playing dress-up................ Hanging around............Refining our taste buds........... Swimmming.........Walking everywhere........................Celebrating the BEST DADDY EVER....................
I've been listening to this song quite a bit on my ipod....I love the words!How deep the Father's love for usHow vast beyond all measureThat He should give His only SonTo make a wretch His treasureHow great the pain of searing lossThe Father turns His face awayAs wounds which mar the Chosen OneBring many sons to gloryBehold the man upon a crossMy sin upon His shouldersAshamed I hear my mocking voiceCall out among the scoffersIt was my sin that held Him thereUntil it was accomplishedHis dying breath has brought me lifeI know that it is finishedI will not boast in anythingNo gifts, no power, no wisdomBut I will boast in Jesus ChristHis death and resurrectionWhy should I gain from His rewardI cannot give an answerBut this I know with all my heartHis wounds have paid my ransom
Andrew is now a lean, mean, walking machine. He gets faster every day! I have a little video but I can't seem to embed it on the blog, so I'm going to post the link. Yes, I know it is sideways...I was holding the camera vertically. :)http://www.vimeo.com/5079390
We've had a busy last couple of days. A week ago Rick and I celebrated our 9th anniversary with dinner at Flemings. YUM! My birthday was Thursday, and I got to spend the morning at the dr with Andrew (who had a virus, it turns out). Mom was here and got us Panera for lunch and a Ukrops cake. YUM YUM! That evening I had book club. We discussed The Shack so we had a big group. Shoes I got for my birthday. Aren't they cute?Friday and Saturday I went on a retreat with the FLO (For Ladies Only) Crew in Williamsburg. We had a blast and got to eat at Chowning's Tavern in Colonial Williamsburg for lunch on Saturday. I came home and enjoyed some down time (Rick and the kids were in Emporia). Later in the evening I went to Ukrops and the cashier told me I looked flushed. I had noticed that it seemed hot in there, but she said it wasn't. So when I got home I took my temp and of course, I had Andrew's virus. So I missed church on Sunday morning. By Monday I was feeling better.The kids and I have started our "summer activites" this week with Romp N Roll, swimming lessons, and storytime at the library.The kids all dressed for church on Sunday.
You may have noticed that I have deleted my post about little April Rose. As it turns out, it was all a scam. This woman invented the story in order to bring traffic to her site and earn more money through BLOGHER. I am sorry to have mislead anyone. This woman, B, obviously has a lot of issues and does need our prayers, even if it's not in the way we thought.Check out Angie's blog to learn more. www.audreycaroline.blogspot.com
Notice I said THINGS, not people....1. books2. pictures3. scrapbooks4. Sundrop5. hymns6. my house7. jewelry8. Panera food9. kids clothes/Gymboree10. a long, hot bath11. Baby Grace perfume12. birkenstocks13. Cherry Coke14. chicken and dumplings15. strawberries16. Vera Bradley purses17. ceiling fans18. baskets19. blogs20. Beth Moore Bible Studies21. my church22. cookie dough ice cream23. anything that helps me organize24. facebook25. painted toenails26. country music27. ink pens with fine tips28. peppermint gum29. my i-pod30. peanut m&m's31. yes, I'll say it....my mini-van!
In honor of 9 wonderful years of marriage, here are 9 wonderful things about Rick....1. He's a great dad.2. He helps around the house--vacuuming, cleaning up after supper, and anything else I ask him to help with!3. He's great with our finances.4. He's ambitious and successful with his business.5. He understands the importance of me staying at home with the kids, and he also understands why somedays I'm on the verge of insanity.6. He is always concerned about my health and knows that sometimes I just don't feel good.7. He's fun!8. We've been together almost 18 years and he still loves me--now that's a miracle!9. He loves the Lord and his family.