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Reddit, I need your help very badly right now. Just received the news that my 4 year old daughter is not biologically mine. I don't know what to do. : Parentingjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | worldnews-history-pics-gaming-videos-gadgets-askscience-GetMotivated-todayilearned-aww-books-nosleep-news-Art-DIY-science-creepy-UpliftingNews-Music-tifu-AskReddit-listentothis-sports-mildlyinteresting-personalfinance-space-InternetIsBeautiful-Documentaries-gifs-movies-IAmA-EarthPorn-nottheonion-OldSchoolCool-philosophy-Showerthoughts-funny-Futurology-TwoXChromosomes-food-Jokes-Fitness-LifeProTips-photoshopbattles-television-dataisbeautiful-WritingPrompts-explainlikeimfivemore » Parentingcommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/Parentinguse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 13 Jun 2013237 points (96% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginStart a Discussion in /r/ParentingParentingsubscribeunsubscribe67,892 readers133 users here now /r/Parenting is a subreddit for anything related to the controlled chaos we call parenting. We no longer approve of posts coming from people who aren't parents. If you have a friendship issue or a family issue please look into /r/family or /r/relationships and direct your legal questions to /r/legaladvice. Make this subreddit a better place! Vote and participate in the new section and report rule violations.
a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSsnarkypantsDemonicBtchSomeone say coffee?!hersheykiss7761AutoModeratorcarlinha1289Super mom!AradonM'sieur le Mayor, you'll wear a different chainvaljean260father to two tiny humanstheADHDwayskippyboscoDad living in Taiwan with a 4 year old and a 2 year old son.kerouac52 wild sons...and 4 more »236237238Reddit, I need your help very badly right now. Just received the news that my 4 year old daughter is not biologically mine. I don't know what to do. (self.Parenting)submitted 1 year ago * by throwawayadkfljsalj171 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–][deleted] 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI'm really sorry for your pain and distress, but I can't tell you how wonderful it is to hear someone say that they don't care about the biology, that their bond with their child is deeper than that, and that they're going to stand up for their child's well being. You're the best dad she could possibly hope for. I really hope this works out for you and your daughter
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5 race to be Japan PM; election seen near - world - Hindustan Times
5 race to be Japan PM; election seen near
Five candidates line up to become Japan's next PM, with former foreign minister Taro Aso the odds-on favourite to win the race and call a snap election soon.
world Updated: Sep 10, 2008 09:40 IST
Five candidates lined up on Wednesday to become Japan's next prime minister, with former foreign minister Taro Aso the odds-on favourite to win the race and call a snap election soon.
The long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) is hoping a vibrant debate, now focused on how to balance the need to boost Japan's stumbling economy while reining in a bulging public debt, will improve its standing with voters ahead of a general election that the new prime minister could well call in November.
The outspoken, manga comic-loving Aso, who tops voter and party surveys ahead of the Sept 22 LDP leadership poll, is touting the need for government spending and income and other tax cuts to boost an economy teetering on the edge of recession.
"Japan's economy needs three years to heal. I will rebuild it in a short-term, concentrated manner," Aso, 67, said in his policy platform. "What is needed now are reforms for the future. I will continue these resolutely."
Other candidates including Economics Minister Kaoru Yosano want to maintain a goal of balancing Japan's budget by 2012. But with an election looming, even staunch fiscal reformer Yosano has been softening his calls to raise the 5 per cent consumption tax to fund the growing social welfare costs of an ageing society.
"It would be impossible to greatly alter the tax system from next year," Yosano, 70,told a news conference on Tuesday.
When nominations closed on Wednesday, the other runners were former defence minister Yuriko Koike, 56, bidding to become Japan's first female premier, former transport minister Nobuteru Ishihara, 51, and another former defence minister, Shigeru Ishiba, 51.
The victor is almost certain to become Japan's 14th prime minister in two decades because of the LDP's majority in parliament's lower house.
With 67-year-old Aso's victory largely assured, analysts say the leadership race is intended mainly to repair the LDP's support among voters worried about a faltering economy and fed up with the ruling bloc after outgoing Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda abruptly quit, the second leader to do so in less than a year.
But while the LDP contest has given the party a boost in opinion polls so far, some question how long it will last.
"Media are effectively giving the LDP free publicity but the public aren't stupid, they're worried," said Soichi Tahara, host of a TV talk show and a veteran political commentator.
Fukuda, 72, threw in the towel in the face of political deadlock that stems from a divided parliament, where opposition parties control the upper house and can delay laws and stymie policies from security to pension and tax reform.
With Fukuda's voter support below 30 per cent, ruling coalition lawmakers had grown worried about letting him lead them into a lower house election that must come by September 2009.
Whoever wins the LDP contest will square off in an election with opposition Democratic Party leader Ichiro Ozawa, who is betting his message of "the people's livelihood first" will resonate with voters worried about rising fuel and food prices and weary of the ruling party's half-century grip on power.
"I want by all means to win this election in order to protect the people's livelihoods and ensure that parliamentary democracy takes root," said Ozawa, who bolted the LDP 15 years ago, sparking a political upheaval that briefly ousted the long-ruling party.
https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/5-race-to-be-japan-pm-election-seen-near/story-aeK6JIJ5WscuBDLYHkzDTP.html

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text: Patent US5808693 - Video display apparatus with power saving modes - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA video display apparatus capable of receiving multiple video input signals and of reducing its power consumption when each of those signals becomes inactive. Power consumption is reduced by selecting from a number of power saving modes. Each power saving mode has an associated recovery time as well...http://www.google.com/patents/US5808693?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5808693 - Video display apparatus with power saving modesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5808693 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/743,810Publication dateSep 15, 1998Filing dateNov 6, 1996Priority dateNov 7, 1995Fee statusLapsedPublication number08743810, 743810, US 5808693 A, US 5808693A, US-A-5808693, US5808693 A, US5808693AInventorsHiroshi Yamashita, Yasunori Mori, Masanobu KimotoOriginal AssigneeSony CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (4), Referenced by (55), Classifications (17), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetVideo display apparatus with power saving modesUS 5808693 AAbstract A video display apparatus capable of receiving multiple video input signals and of reducing its power consumption when each of those signals becomes inactive. Power consumption is reduced by selecting from a number of power saving modes. Each power saving mode has an associated recovery time as well as an associated amount of power savings. Recovery time is minimized by determining which of the video input signals is most likely to become active first, assigning a high priority to that signal and selecting a power saving mode based on characteristics of that signal. The likelihood of reactivation of a signal is determined by detecting the absence of normal vertical and/or horizontal synchronization signals.

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| Food: Recipe Redux 1935: Ramos Gin Fizz
Nowadays, when a politician wants to make a point to the “folks,” he goes to the diner to meet and greet and empathize while scarfing a grilled cheese. For all of its hokeyness, it’s a safe strategy because, according to health experts, fried foods are what most Americans subsist on, and for some irrational reason, people trust a politician who appears to eat the same foods they do.So I had to laugh — and feel a little sad too — when I came across an article in The Times from 1935 in which Huey Long, the colorful Louisiana senator known as the Kingfish, chose not a diner in Peoria but the Hotel New Yorker in New York City as his venue for attacking President Roosevelt’s New Deal. In the photo op, Long stood surrounded by journalists and friends, waving a cocktail shaker.The senator had arranged for the head bartender from the Hotel Roosevelt in New Orleans to fly to New York to make the drink — a good use of taxpayers’ money — while Long talked shop. “Now this here chap knows how to mix a Ramos gin fizz,” Long explained. And mix he did, while to a growing crowd Long expounded on the fine points of the fizz and the dull points of Roosevelt’s plan, calling the president “no good” and a “faker.” “Why don’t they hold the Democratic convention and the Communist convention together and save money?” Long asked his audience. The contemporary photo-op equivalent — Hillary Clinton dutifully slugging back beer and a shot of whiskey in Crown Point, Ind. — makes for a rather depressing contrast.
Gin fizzes, which the cocktail historian Dale Degroff defines as “just a sparkling version of a sour,” had been around since the mid-19th century. Back then, before seltzer and club soda were widely available, bartenders created the fizz with baking soda. The Ramos gin fizz, which was invented in 1888 by Henrico C. Ramos at the Imperial Cabinet Saloon in New Orleans, is embellished with cream, milk and orange-flower water. Continue reading the main story
Tom Schierlitz for The New York Times The following week, however, Long’s recipe was politely questioned by W. D. Rose, a reader from Schenectady. “While the writer does not feel equal to enter into a controversy with the versatile and able senator on any subject, much less on that of Ramos fizzes,” Rose wrote, “and while not denying that the formula announced by Senator Long may be that of a perfect fizz, still the writer feels obliged to submit to the readers of The Times the only authentic and original formula for that famous and delectable decoction.”Now that is national discourse! Rose’s Ramos gin fizz does not contain egg white, vanilla or seltzer, and is shaken for just one minute before being strained into a glass. Long’s version is similar to those found in any cocktail book, so I chose to feature Rose’s instead.Rose promised that the drink would “conjure up visions . . . of wistaria [sic] blooming in old patios, of sights and smells associated only with the Vieux Carré.” Those were not the first images that came to mind when I made the Rose version, but I was certainly bewitched by this cocktail, which doesn’t so much impress you as consume you. Beneath a dense cap of froth and a misty overlay of orange-flower water is an oddly sweet yet tart, cool and creamy drink.
I loved Rose’s Ramos gin fizz, but not every modern drinker will. Duggan McDonnell, of Cantina in San Francisco, whom I asked to reinvent the drink for this column, referred to the vintage recipe as a “Krispy Kreme cocktail.” (It is much richer and floral than the lean Long version.)“The orange-flower water in there is this component of dissonance,” McDonnell said. “It gives it this unique perfumey quality.”And yet McDonnell didn’t stray far from the original. After a little playing around, he came up with what he calls a “Californiafied Ramos gin fizz,” made with low-fat milk, orange marmalade instead of orange-flower water and agave nectar rather than sugar. “I was not intending to reverse that and make it a kind of diet Ramos gin fizz,” he said, “but that’s sort of what it is.” Don’t let the “diet” idea scare you off: it contains plenty of flavor — and plenty of gin — and the Kingfish would have lapped it up.

value: This website is an American daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership. Founded in 1851, the Times has since won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper, and has long been regarded within the industry as a national "newspaper of record".


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New York Yankees vs. Toronto Blue Jays - Play By Play - September 25, 2008 - ESPN
View: Play-By-Play | Pitch-By-PitchInning: All | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9New York - Top of 7thSCORERoy Halladay pitching for TorontoNYYTORW Betemit grounded out to first.27C Ransom grounded out to pitcher.27M Cabrera struck out swinging.272 Runs, 6 Hits, 0 ErrorsToronto - Bottom of 7thSCOREHumberto Sanchez pitching for New YorkNYYTORH Sanchez relieved E Ramirez.27T Snider flied out to left.27G Zaun walked.27J Inglett walked, G Zaun to second.27M Scutaro singled to right, G Zaun scored, J Inglett to third.28A Rios grounded into double play, shortstop to second to first, M Scutaro out at second.288 Runs, 13 Hits, 1 Errors

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the whole house......
Sign Up	the whole house......
bpowandaJuly 12, 2013 in Design Dilemma	Trying to wrap my head around the "great Room" floor plan kitchen dining and living altogether.....
Carolyn Albert-Kincl, ASID	Ah, yes, you and many others. Post pictures and your questions about how to handle the space and you'll get more answers than you can handle. Without the photos and questions, you'll be left scratching your head.
0 Likes July 12, 2013 at 7:03PM
bethpowanda	I have an awesome view ! but one great room not sure about the best way to blend everything together
0 Likes July 12, 2013 at 7:18PM
bethpowanda	trying to avoid kitchen table and dining table 10 feet away, so added custom window seat with cabinets..still a work in progress.... new wood tile floors instead of the the old 12 x 12 tiles.
0 Likes Thanked by bpowanda July 12, 2013 at 7:26PM
Carolyn Albert-Kincl, ASID	Rugs can help define the different spaces. I see you already have one rug in what appears to be the living area. So place your sofa with its back to the next area (dining, I presume) so that it creates a natural division of the two spaces. If you want more separation, consider a folding screen.
Cortona Living Classic Transformation
Carolyn Albert-Kincl, ASIDCortona LivingClassic TransformationSan Francisco Decorator Showcase
0 Likes Thanked by bpowanda July 12, 2013 at 7:27PM
bethpowanda	want to make use of the garden tub...and there is .no linen closet in Master bath.... oh don't you Love the vintage light. fixture.....
0 Likes July 12, 2013 at 7:29PM
Carolyn Albert-Kincl, ASID	Interesting tub. It looks like you can kneel and pray before entering it. The light fixture doesn't look like it would pass code as you could stand up in tub and touch it, never a good idea.
1 Like July 12, 2013 at 7:41PM
bpowanda	I was being sarcastic about the light.. It is awful!
0 Likes July 13, 2013 at 2:16PM
bpowanda	The photo you saw was the before ripped out old floors, fixtures and repainted,tiled etc....
0 Likes July 13, 2013 at 2:18PM
Carolyn Albert-Kincl, ASID	I realized that you would not be keeping the light fixture and was merely commenting on it's dubious desirability.:)
0 Likes July 13, 2013 at 2:30PM
Sign Up to comment	Related Discussions	Do you have whole house plan, I love the kitchen and wondering how whole design is..	Tracy Bush4	Whole House Remodel of 1912 Art and Crafts House in Portland, Oregon	The goal of the remodel of this historic Arts and Crafts...
Giulietti Schouten Architects5	Love the house! Can I have pictures of the whole house? Thank you!!	I really appreciate your help!
pregeant	New House, looking for whole house paint colour	Dark Furniture
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mcgee992	I also would like to see the whole exterior of the house and house plan? Thanks	b_ryan1	More Discussions	Oddly shaped enclosed front porch	We've got this weird, sort of L shaped front porch...
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spitfirevc12	I misjudged furniture I bought online and can't return it...Help!	Can you suggest a way to recoup my investment? I purchased...
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rredpenn12661	People viewed this after searching for:
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Re: [Kane-County-Cards] BEGINNING AUGUST 21, 2010 - WE ARE CHANGING LOCATION OF OUR MEET UP GROUP! - Kane DuPage and Kendall Cards (Wheaton, IL) | Meetup
Re: [Kane-County-Cards] BEGINNING AUGUST 21, 2010 - WE ARE CHANGING LOCATION OF OUR MEET UP GROUP!
Sent on: Sunday, July 25, 2010 9:08 PM
This is fantastic!!! My husband thought Batavia was too far. Now I can get him to come. We want to play cards. Wheaton is a good central location.
--- On Mon, 7/26/10, Jack <[address removed]> wrote:
From: Jack <[address removed]>
Subject: Re: [Kane-County-Cards] BEGINNING AUGUST 21, 2010 - WE ARE CHANGING LOCATION OF OUR MEET UP GROUP!
Date: Monday, July 26, 2010, 1:05 AM
What is the new address (of the Panera Bread) in Wheaton?
Which street is it on? Should we go to the new location or the old location
on August 21st? Thanks.
From: debra <[address removed]>
Sent: Sat, Jul 24,[masked]:37 pm
Subject: [Kane-County-Cards] BEGINNING AUGUST 21, 2010 - WE ARE CHANGING LOCATION OF OUR MEET UP GROUP!
BEGINNING AUGUST 21, 2010 - WE ARE CHANGING LOCATION OF OUR MEET UP GROUP!
Mary and I hope that this location will be even easier for you all to get to!!! Panera Bread located in Wheaton Illinois-- it's very easy to get to from 355 - I88- Rte 59. I 88 - exit Naperville Road, north to Butterfield. Panera is located at 'rice lake square' shopping center-- it faces Butterfield Road - and is on the East side. There is a Whole Foods right around the corner in the same parking lot. Since we are moving to a new county-- we thought we would change our name a bit also! So, we will now be the Kane-DuPage Card Meet up Group.
Mary and I hope you all follow us to this new location. We have such a great group and think that this location might even draw more players for us. Looking forward to seeing you at the new location on August 21, 2010. For our '1st week' informal group-- Mary is going to meet you at our old location, Batavia Panera.
This message was sent by debra ([address removed]) from Kane-Dupage Cards (formerly Kane County Cards).
To learn more about debra, visit his/her member profile
This message was sent by Jack ([address removed]) from Kane-DuPage Cards (formerly Kane County Cards).
To learn more about Jack, visit his/her member profile
Kane, DuPage and Kendall Cards, Brenda J. Hill, Mary Watters, Nina, Susan
Board Games · Card Games · Euchre · Pinochle · Hearts · Spades
Do you Euchre?! Or do you play Pinochle??!! -- - if you love to play we are hoping you will join us. We play Euchre, Pinochle and O'Hell. Please read individual meetings to see what game(s) will be played at each location.
3,244 Baby Boomers + Gen-Xers
Energy Medicine and Living with Intention Meetup
541 Energy Seekers
1,304 Paddlers
1,256 Game Players
1,929 Fit-friends
1,456 Hikers

value: This website is a service used to organize online groups that host in-person and virtual events for people with similar interests. It was founded in 2002 by Chairman Scott Heiferman and four co-founders.


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Patent US6803588 - Apparatus and method for rapid photo-thermal surfaces treatment - Google Patents
An apparatus for surface treating a semiconductor wafer includes a surface treatment chamber and a source of radiation. The semiconductor wafer disposed inside the chamber is illuminated with radiation sufficient to create a plurality of electron-hole pairs near the surface of the wafer and to desorb...http://www.google.com/patents/US6803588?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6803588 - Apparatus and method for rapid photo-thermal surfaces treatment
Publication number US6803588 B2
Application number US 09/974,024
Also published as EP1044469A1, US6325078, US20010001391, US20020017311, WO1999035677A1
Publication number 09974024, 974024, US 6803588 B2, US 6803588B2, US-B2-6803588, US6803588 B2, US6803588B2
Inventors Emil Kamieniecki
Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (18), Classifications (18), Legal Events (6)
Apparatus and method for rapid photo-thermal surfaces treatment
US 6803588 B2
1. An apparatus for surface treating a semiconductor wafer comprising:
a source of radiation illuminating a semiconductor wafer disposed inside the chamber under ambient pressure and atmosphere with a radiation having a wavelength in a near infrared range sufficient to create a plurality of electron-hole pairs near a surface of the wafer and to desorb any contaminant adsorbed on the surface of the wafer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the surface treatment chamber is integrated with an inline, real-time testing apparatus, such that electrical characteristics of the wafer can be measured.
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing deviations of the apparent doping concentration measured in as-grown p-type silicon wafers before and after photo-thermal treatment at peak temperature of 250° C.
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing deviations of the apparent doping concentration measured in RCA cleaned p-type silicon wafers before and after photo-thermal treatment at peak temperature of 250° C.
Referring to FIG. 5, an apparatus for photo-thermal surface treatment includes two major parts: a wafer-processing module 40 and a power control circuitry 42. The wafer-processing module 40 includes a light source unit 44 integrated with the wafer processing chamber 46. The light source unit 44 is capable of generating light having wavelengths sufficient to generate free electron-hole pairs near the surface of the wafer and near infrared light. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the light is provided by tungsten halogen quartz lamps 48. The lamps 48 provide the light in the spectral range from about 0.2 μm to about 4 μm. The lamps 48 are mounted to a water-cooled top light reflector 52 with ceramic lamp supports 50. In an alternative embodiment, a hot plate or a furnace is used to heat the wafer, while the light source provides the short wavelengths light. The wafer is heated to a temperature in the range from about 200° C. to about 300° C. The top light reflector 52 includes a series of parabolic reflectors 53 which provide uniform illumination over the entire wafer located in the processing chamber 46.
After completion of the illumination cycle, the power applied to the lamps 48 is turned off and the wafer 56 is left to cool down to a room temperature. Alternatively, the three wafer support pins 58 can be retracted causing the wafer 56 to get in a close proximity or touch the water cooled bottom reflector 60 to speed up the wafer cooling process. During the cooling process, the temperature of the wafer 56 is again monitored by the infrared sensor 62. Once the wafer 56 is cooled to a temperature close to a room temperature (within about 5° C.), the wafer 56 is moved from the cooling station back to the cassette or to the surface measuring station.
Referring to FIG. 7, the apparent doping concentrations of as-grown p-type silicon epitaxial wafers before and after photo-thermal treatment at peak temperature of 250° C. are compared. The abbreviation PTT refers to photo-thermal treatment. The doping concentrations were measured with an assumption that each wafer surface was at inversion. For all measured wafers, the apparent doping concentrations deviated from a target value more before photo-thermal treatment then after the treatment. The values after surface treatment were within expected wafer batch uniformity.
Referring to FIG. 8, doping concentrations of RCA cleaned p-type silicon epitaxial wafers are compared before and after photo-thermal treatment at peak temperature of 250° C. The measurement conditions were the same as for the wafers of FIG. 7. The measured doping concentrations deviated from a target value more before photo-thermal treatment then after. The deviation before photo-thermal treatment was about an order of magnitude higher than for the RCA cleaned epitaxial wafers than for the as grown wafers shown in FIG. 7.
US4824698 Dec 23, 1987 Apr 25, 1989 General Electric Company High temperature annealing to improve SIMOX characteristics
US5453702 Dec 22, 1993 Sep 26, 1995 Methode Electronics, Inc. Automatic probe fixture loading apparatus with gimballing compensation
DE4122587A1 Jul 8, 1991 Jan 23, 1992 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Semiconductor substrate surface cleaning - by plasma etching using fluorine-contg. gas, renewed etching using fluorine-contg. gas and UV-irradiation at reduced pressure
WO1994023854A1 Apr 11, 1994 Oct 27, 1994 Cauldron Limited Partnership Removal of surface contaminants by irradiation
1 Akazawa et al., "Photostimulated Evaporation of SIO2 and SI3N4 Films by Synchrotron Radiation and it s Application for Low-Temperature Cleaning of SI Surfaces", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, vol. 9, No. 5, Sep. 1, 1991, pp. 2653-2661.
CN102576676A * Oct 8, 2010 Jul 11, 2012 应用材料公司 Apparatus and method for improved control of heating and cooling of substrates
WO2011044407A2 * Oct 8, 2010 Apr 14, 2011 Applied Materials, Inc. Apparatus and method for improved control of heating and cooling of substrates
WO2011044407A3 * Oct 8, 2010 Jul 21, 2011 Applied Materials, Inc. Apparatus and method for improved control of heating and cooling of substrates
WO2014163766A1 * Feb 11, 2014 Oct 9, 2014 Applied Materials, Inc. Pyrometry filter for thermal process chamber
U.S. Classification 250/492.2, 257/E21.226, 257/E21.531, 134/1.2, 438/798, 250/495.1, 438/795, 134/902, 250/374, 134/1.1, 134/1
International Classification H01L21/66, H01L21/26, H01L21/306
Cooperative Classification Y10S134/902, H01L21/02046, H01L22/14


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P. 1Gerakan Pramuka _ StrukturGerakan Pramuka _ StrukturRatings: (0)|Views: 192
|Likes: 3Published by Ihsan HasbullahMore info:Published by: Ihsan Hasbullah on Oct 04, 2011Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttp://www.scribd.com/doc/67378105/Gerakan-Pramuka-Struktur05/12/2014pdftextoriginal You're Reading a Free Preview
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Suisse Organic Farms
Part One of my WWOOFing adventure takes place in the German-speaking region of Switzerland. From cherry-picking to haying to making pickled beets, I had a happy introduction to life on an organic farm, laying the basic foundation for the rest of my WWOOFing journey. For the backstory on haying challenges and my hard rocker host, check out the posts on www.whitinthewild.com!
One thing which I especially like when thinking of my home town Luzern (Lucerne) in Switzerland is that its living quality is so extremely high. Living, working and spending my free time in one and the same city is something which I know to appreciate. Being within plain nature just within a few minutes away from my home is surely one part of it, as this video shows. It takes us a few minutes by bus, bicycle or even on foot to find myself together with my wife in a green area with farm houses and animals. The animals seem to like our visit ;-)
I believe in eating organic wherever possible and what better place to buy it than directly from the farm? Fresh Alpine milk will be rich in vitamin K2 - essential for good health. Here in Interlaken I try to buy fresh eggs, milk and cheese on a Sunday afternoon but it turns out to be more difficult than I thought!
The Swiss Association for the Protection of Small and Medium-sized Farmers wants to stop farms from disappearing. Indeed there are people who are waiting to take over a business, but it remains difficult to acquire a farm without family connections. (SRF/swissinfo.ch) --- swissinfo.ch is the international branch of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SBC). Its role is to report on Switzerland and to provide a Swiss perspective on international events. For more articles, interviews and videos visit swissinfo.ch or subscribe to our YouTube channel: Website: http://www.swissinfo.ch Channel: http://www.youtube.com/swissinfovideos Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=swissinfovideos
High ratio CBD Cannabis Plants in Switzerland.
Make the cow happy. And in turn, the cow will make you happy. Visitors to a Zurich shopping centre had the opportunity to massage dairy cows on an organic farm 50 km away at the touch of a button and in real time, using a cattle brush. Anyone pressing the button received some organic milk. Our website: https://www.bio-suisse.ch Like us: https://www.facebook.com/biosuisse Subscribe to the newsletter: https://www.bio-suisse.ch/de/newsletter/anmeldung
WWOOFing Switzerland: The Lone WWOOF in the Swiss Alps
Beautiful Luzern (Switzerland): Farm house with animals near our home place
Farmer seeks farm
Swiss Wheat Harvest 2016 / Moisson Suisse 2016
Switzerland Cannabis Grow Op 27.8.2017
Remote massages at the touch of a button | Bio Suisse
Entreprise Saugy & fils , Pomy Suisse
1 er colza 2016.
Swiss Alpine Herbs Alpenkräuter AG, Därstetten; Organic ...
Swiss Alpine Herbs Alpenkräuter AG: Gassenmatte, 3763 Därstetten, SWITZERLAND Tel: +41-32-3666282 Email: info@swissalpineherbs.ch SAH specialises in the gentle processing of fresh, aromatic Alpine herbs from controlled organic farming in Switzerland, in order to make wonderful and delicious herb and herbal salt mixtures.
Swiss farmers are experimenting with quinoa
In 20 years close to 30% of Switzerland’s traditional crops have disappeared. The sector has to innovate in order to survive. In canton Vaud farmers are experimenting with quinoa as a way of diversifying their production. (RTS/swissinfo.ch) --- swissinfo.ch is the international branch of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SBC). Its role is to report on Switzerland and to provide a Swiss perspective on international events. For more articles, interviews and videos visit swissinfo.ch or subscribe to our YouTube channel: Website: http://www.swissinfo.ch Channel: http://www.youtube.com/swissinfovideos Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=swissinfovideos
Farmstay in Brazil - Yvan from Switzerland being helpful
In our farm, three hours driving from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we have a project of organic tomatoes in a greenhouse and also Vetiver plants. Vetiver is an amazing plant from India that can be applied in many different things such as slope stabilization against mudslide, erosion and infrastructure protectio, water purification, essence oil and parfums production, handcraft, etc . Both projects, Organic Tomatoes and Vetiver are social-oriented and scientifical in our farm. That means, we try to improve the techniques, get knowledge and help other people. Whenever we get positive results we try to spread them to the communities around that practice traditional agriculture and suffer a lot with this. To help on those projects we accept friendly people from all over the world that can come and stay in the farm for free. We provide simple and basic food and lodge. People can also have their own vegetable garden. In exchange people might help working. The nature here is amazing. We have a lot of land, forests, mineral water sources, a big lake, ducks, chickens, cows, gooses and many birds and monkeys around. Local people living here are great. They are very wise and will teach you many things about local life, portuguese language and Nature. You can also explore the surround region where you are going to find many waterfalls, old-farm constructions and archeological sites. Take a look in the videos and enjoy the people talking about their experience here. Get inspired and come to visit us!! In this movie, Yvan, from Genève, Switzerland, in his second day. luciolambert@hotmail.com You are welcome!!
About three farms per day disappear in Switzerland
Fernmassage für Bio-Kühe | Bio Suisse
Mach die Kuh glücklich. Und die Kuh macht dich glücklich. Besucherinnen und Besucher eines Zürcher Einkaufszentrums konnten Milchkühe auf einem 50 km entfernten Luzerner Bio-Hof massieren. Auf Knopfdruck und in Echtzeit mit einer Kuhbürste. Wer den Knopf drückte, bekam eine Bio-Milch geschenkt. Remote massages at the touch of a button | Bio Suisse Make the cow happy. And in turn, the cow will make you happy. Visitors to a Zurich shopping centre had the opportunity to massage dairy cows on an organic farm 50 km away at the touch of a button and in real time, using a cattle brush. Anyone pressing the button received some organic milk. Unsere Website: https://www.bio-suisse.ch Jetzt Fan werden: https://www.facebook.com/biosuisse Newsletter abonnieren: https://www.bio-suisse.ch/de/newsletter/anmeldung
In our farm, three hours driving from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we have a project of organic tomatoes in a greenhouse and also Vetiver plants. Vetiver is an amazing plant from India that can be applied in many different things such as slope stabilization against mudslide, erosion and infrastructure protectio, water purification, essence oil and parfums production, handcraft, etc . Both projects, Organic Tomatoes and Vetiver are social-oriented and scientifical in our farm. That means, we try to improve the techniques, get knowledge and help other people. Whenever we get positive results we try to spread them to the communities around that practice traditional agriculture and suffer a lot with this. To help on those projects we accept friendly people from all over the world that can come an...
Mach die Kuh glücklich. Und die Kuh macht dich glücklich. Besucherinnen und Besucher eines Zürcher Einkaufszentrums konnten Milchkühe auf einem 50 km entfernten Luzerner Bio-Hof massieren. Auf Knopfdruck und in Echtzeit mit einer Kuhbürste. Wer den Knopf drückte, bekam eine Bio-Milch geschenkt. Remote massages at the touch of a button | Bio Suisse Make the cow happy. And in turn, the cow will make you happy. Visitors to a Zurich shopping centre had the opportunity to massage dairy cows on an organic farm 50 km away at the touch of a button and in real time, using a cattle brush. Anyone pressing the button received some organic milk. Unsere Website: https://www.bio-suisse.ch Jetzt Fan werden: https://www.facebook.com/biosuisse Newsletter abonnieren: https://www.bio-suisse.ch/de/newsletter...
Part One of my WWOOFing adventure takes place in the German-speaking region of Switzerland. From cherry-picking to haying to making pickled beets, I had a happy...
https://wn.com/Wwoofing_Switzerland_The_Lone_Wwoof_In_The_Swiss_Alps
One thing which I especially like when thinking of my home town Luzern (Lucerne) in Switzerland is that its living quality is so extremely high. Living, wor...
https://wn.com/Beautiful_Luzern_(Switzerland)_Farm_House_With_Animals_Near_Our_Home_Place
I believe in eating organic wherever possible and what better place to buy it than directly from the farm? Fresh Alpine milk will be rich in vitamin K2 - essen...
https://wn.com/Visiting_Farm_Shops_In_Interlaken,_Switzerland
The Swiss Association for the Protection of Small and Medium-sized Farmers wants to stop farms from disappearing. Indeed there are people who are waiting to tak...
https://wn.com/Farmer_Seeks_Farm
https://wn.com/Swiss_Wheat_Harvest_2016_Moisson_Suisse_2016
https://wn.com/Switzerland_Cannabis_Grow_Op_27.8.2017
Make the cow happy. And in turn, the cow will make you happy. Visitors to a Zurich shopping centre had the opportunity to massage dairy cows on an organic farm ...
https://wn.com/Remote_Massages_At_The_Touch_Of_A_Button_|_Bio_Suisse
https://wn.com/Entreprise_Saugy_Fils_,_Pomy_Suisse
Swiss Alpine Herbs Alpenkräuter AG: Gassenmatte, 3763 Därstetten, SWITZERLAND Tel: +41-32-3666282 Email: info@swissalpineherbs.ch SAH specialises in the ...
https://wn.com/Swiss_Alpine_Herbs_Alpenkräuter_Ag,_Därstetten_Organic_...
In 20 years close to 30% of Switzerland’s traditional crops have disappeared. The sector has to innovate in order to survive. In canton Vaud farmers are experim...
https://wn.com/Swiss_Farmers_Are_Experimenting_With_Quinoa
https://wn.com/Farmstay_In_Brazil_Yvan_From_Switzerland_Being_Helpful
https://wn.com/About_Three_Farms_Per_Day_Disappear_In_Switzerland
https://wn.com/Fernmassage_Für_Bio_Kühe_|_Bio_Suisse
Lucerne, Switzerland is one of the world's most attractive towns, on a beautiful lake with tall mountains in the distance. We take you on a sunrise walk by the river watching swans glide by, then have a look at the farmers' produce market along the river, and antique sale. Subscribe now: http://bit.ly/2pmdyeu Lucerne playlist: http://bit.ly/2twxBWU Switzerland playlist http://bit.ly/2qsUism Then we walk through the new side of town, with chocolate shops, busy urban neighborhoods, and popular restaurants. There are some good hotels in that section but later we take you to our favorite, the Hotel des Balances, right on the river. You've got to see the Lion Monument and shop for souvenirs. Lucerne has the largest transportation museum in Switzerland, along the lake just 2 miles from t...
Cheap Living You Won't Imagine Permaculture Project BBC Documentary Part 1
Permaculture Project | A System for Sustainable Life BBC | Interesting Documentary Films Permaculture is a system of agricultural and social design principles. A System for Sustainable Life Cheap Living You Won't Imagine Permaculture Project BBC Documentary Part 1. One of the reasons for shooting this film is the global climate change. All around. Sahainan Organic Permaculture Farm is an 8.5 acre (21 rai) family farm located in the mountains of northern Thailand. Our purpose is to build and maintain a sustainable way of life—one in.
Running a machinery-free farm with nature inspired principles and techniques. In This Podcast: As one of two new millennial farmers, Lyndsay Jacobs and her business partner Lauren are working their farm using their own labor rather than rely on technology. With the exception of removing some sod in the early days, they are growing and harvesting the crops on their small farm without the use of any typical industrial machines. As they bring their vegetables to market they know they are doing the right thing by all the positive feedback they are getting from their customers! Don’t miss an episode! Click here to sign up for weekly podcast updates or visit www.urbanfarm.org/podcast Lyndsay is a graduate of the Zenger Farm Internship Program where she learned how to address fo...
Jean-Jacques GARBAY: CV, socle de la rotation bio à bas niveau d'intrants - Témoignage
Témoignage d'agriculteur en AB réalisé à Auch en décembre 2016 dans le cadre du 6ème colloque sur les couverts végétaux: "Comment associer agriculture biologique et agriculture de conservation?"
Avanchets Parc 9th Jan 2013
Flight at avenchets Parc
The food forest is doing well producing a lot of food, and I give you a walkthrough of all the trees we have planted so far. The Backyard Permaculture Food Forest is lush and healthy at this time of year. Gardening with permaculture techniques like these will allow you to grow your . The Permaculture Food Forest has made huge strides the last 5 years. Every investment has been worth it and using natural farming techniques learned from . A year to meet people from agroecology through Australia, India and Japan. An overview in 20 minutes. Project Tour du Globe Agricole by the association .
Taste Hunters Visit Abalimi (French & English)
For this issue we went to South Africa to explore Cape Town and the region. Meeting point between the Atlantic and Indian oceans, surrounded by the massif of Table Mountain, the city enjoys a Mediterranean climate. Famous for its natural surroundings, its lush vineyards, Cape also houses some of the finest beaches in the world. But behind the postcard scenery, the city hides a much more mixed reality where the fertile land alongside overcrowded townships. Taking advantage of this unusual situation and a strong agricultural know-how, men are fighting to change things and dream of a better future… Just like Rob Small, founder of the NGO Abalimi that with its organic micro-gardens helps the most disadvantaged populations, and Johan Reyneke, organic wine grower in Stellenbosch. With nearly f...
RTS : plateau Télévisé sur les subventions agricoles au Sénégal
Plateau télévisé sur les subventions agricoles au Sénégal organisé en marge de la table de concertation sur les perspectives d'amélioration des pratiques en matières de subventions agricoles le jeudi 26 mai 2016 à Dakar. Le journaliste Abdoulaye Barry avait comme invité: · M. Youssou Diallo, conseiller technique au Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’équipement Rural et PCA de SUNEOR · M. Oumar Sané, Directeur de l’agriculture · M. Saliou Sarr, coordonnateur technique des programmes à l’ASTRODEB · M. Hamidou Diop, Maire de la Cde Ndiamé Escale · Dr Ibrahima Hathie, Directeur de recherche à l’IPAR
NUTRILITE™ Das Perfekte Gleichgewicht
Wo die Natur auf Wissenschaft trifft, um die auf dem Weltmarkt führende Marke im Bereich Vitamine und Mineralstoffe zu entwickeln. Die Marke die ihre Pflanzen und Produkte selbst anbaut (biologischer nachhaltiger Anbau) und auch selbst verarbeitet. Zurückverfolgen bis zum Feld - Wer hat es angebaut? Wie wurde angebaut? - ???Dünger - Herbizide - Pestizide??? Ist bei vielen anderen Marken nicht möglich.
Feast TV: Milk It
Say cheese, everyone. In this episode we are taking you to the farm … and also giving you a fork. At Rolling Lawn Farm, four generations have been producing high quality milk from a well-cared-for herd of Holsteins since 1910. The tradition is being carried on by going back to basics – bottling and selling the milk and cream directly to consumers and chefs. And then we’re heading to a farm and creamery in Illinois where fresh and aged goat milk cheeses share the table with farm-fresh fare at a series of chef-inspired dinners that bring consumers straight to the farm itself. Cheese enhances the flavor of many dishes and in the kitchen, host Cat Neville makes shrimp and clams with fettuccine in saffron cream sauce. Feast TV is brought to you by the generous support of our sponsors: Missouri...
Ecovillage Life: Interview with Catherine Tonero of Race for the White House
Catherine Tonero is a roaming reporter with RTBF Television in Belgium. RTBF has 3 reporters roaming the United States to find out what they think of the upcoming election. They cal this the Race for the White House. http://www.rtbf.be/info/maisonblanche/candidats/catherine/
This is a documentary about ecovillages and permaculture seen from a sustainable consumption perspective. The intention is to show an example of lifestyles that take sustainability to the extreme,. This is a trailer of a short videography about ecovillages and permaculture seen from a sustainable consumption perspective. The intention is to show an example of lifestyles that take sustainabili. Please help me grow the Garden of Eden, spread Permaculture to the people and spark a 21st Century Uprising!!!
Ventures in Wine Country continues to follow three Okanagan Valley wineries through the busy tourist wine tasting Summer season. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/optiklocal/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/optiklocal
http://link.imd.org/cln-2012 - Strong customer-focused companies have a clear, relevant promise which they obsessively deliver day-in, day-out. At the same time, they relentlessly drive the market by evolving the offer in the face of market developments and opportunities. Because they meet customer needs better than the competition, again and again, they are able to generate sustainable, profitable, market-leading organic growth. Join Professor Seán Meehan as he shares a framework for success based on his recently published book co-authored with Patrick Barwise.
Ben Lawson. Permaculture in your home. Food forests. Positive and negative direction.
Ben is a very cool guy. He does an important thing. He thinks wide. Ben's website http://antpermies.com/
Voices from stakeholders - Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture
An interactive panel dialogue followed the reactions from the audience, reflecting the ‘voices of stakeholders’ at the inaugural meeting of the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture. New York, 24 September 2014. Find out more: http://www.climatesmartagriculture.org Facilitator Dr. Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research at the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Panel members: - H.E. Mr Luis Felipe Arauz Cavallini, Minister of Agriculture and Livestock, Costa Rica - Ms Esther Penunia, Secretary General, Asia Farmers Organisation - Ms Sonali Bisht INHERE for CSO-GARD, Civil Society - Mr Sean de Cleene, Senior Vice-President, Global Initiatives, Strategy and Business Development, Yara International - Dr Rebecca Shaw, Associate Vice-President, E...
Lucerne, Switzerland is one of the world's most attractive towns, on a beautiful lake with tall mountains in the distance. We take you on a sunrise walk by the...
Lucerne, Switzerland is one of the world's most attractive towns, on a beautiful lake with tall mountains in the distance. We take you on a sunrise walk by the river watching swans glide by, then have a look at the farmers' produce market along the river, and antique sale. Subscribe now: http://bit.ly/2pmdyeu Lucerne playlist: http://bit.ly/2twxBWU Switzerland playlist http://bit.ly/2qsUism Then we walk through the new side of town, with chocolate shops, busy urban neighborhoods, and popular restaurants. There are some good hotels in that section but later we take you to our favorite, the Hotel des Balances, right on the river. You've got to see the Lion Monument and shop for souvenirs. Lucerne has the largest transportation museum in Switzerland, along the lake just 2 miles from town, with old trains, planes, cars and boats. Then we have a great meal at the Old Swiss House, and some traditional Swiss music and dance at the Stadtkeller, the best show in town. http://tourvideos.com/
https://wn.com/Lucerne,_Switzerland_Part_2
Permaculture Project | A System for Sustainable Life BBC | Interesting Documentary Films Permaculture is a system of agricultural and social design principles. ...
https://wn.com/Cheap_Living_You_Won't_Imagine_Permaculture_Project_BBC_Documentary_Part_1
Running a machinery-free farm with nature inspired principles and techniques. In This Podcast: As one of two new millennial farmers, Lyndsay Jacobs and her ...
Running a machinery-free farm with nature inspired principles and techniques. In This Podcast: As one of two new millennial farmers, Lyndsay Jacobs and her business partner Lauren are working their farm using their own labor rather than rely on technology. With the exception of removing some sod in the early days, they are growing and harvesting the crops on their small farm without the use of any typical industrial machines. As they bring their vegetables to market they know they are doing the right thing by all the positive feedback they are getting from their customers! Don’t miss an episode! Click here to sign up for weekly podcast updates or visit www.urbanfarm.org/podcast Lyndsay is a graduate of the Zenger Farm Internship Program where she learned how to address food justice issues, develop efficiency and endurance in farming methods, and best chicken husbandry practices. She earned her degree in Graphic Design & Interior Architecture from James Madison University and is using that on marketing, branding, craftsmen experience, and design expertise for farm infrastructure. She received her Permaculture Design Certificate in Portland. Lindsay and her business partner Lauren (who was our guest on episode 293) run Sprout and Blossom Farm in Vancouver, WA combining their social and environmental justice passions, with permaculture and sustainability inspired practices for animal, plant, and human systems on the farm. Go to www.urbanfarm.org/blossom for more information and links on this podcast, and to find our other great guests.
https://wn.com/294_Lyndsay_Jacobs_On_Starting_A_Small_Farm
Témoignage d'agriculteur en AB réalisé à Auch en décembre 2016 dans le cadre du 6ème colloque sur les couverts végétaux: "Comment associer agriculture biologiqu...
https://wn.com/Jean_Jacques_Garbay_Cv,_Socle_De_La_Rotation_Bio_À_Bas_Niveau_D'Intrants_Témoignage
https://wn.com/Avanchets_Parc_9Th_Jan_2013
The food forest is doing well producing a lot of food, and I give you a walkthrough of all the trees we have planted so far. The Backyard Permaculture Food F...
https://wn.com/Backyard_Permaculture_Food_Forest,_Sustainable_Gardening_Natural_Farming
For this issue we went to South Africa to explore Cape Town and the region. Meeting point between the Atlantic and Indian oceans, surrounded by the massif of Ta...
For this issue we went to South Africa to explore Cape Town and the region. Meeting point between the Atlantic and Indian oceans, surrounded by the massif of Table Mountain, the city enjoys a Mediterranean climate. Famous for its natural surroundings, its lush vineyards, Cape also houses some of the finest beaches in the world. But behind the postcard scenery, the city hides a much more mixed reality where the fertile land alongside overcrowded townships. Taking advantage of this unusual situation and a strong agricultural know-how, men are fighting to change things and dream of a better future… Just like Rob Small, founder of the NGO Abalimi that with its organic micro-gardens helps the most disadvantaged populations, and Johan Reyneke, organic wine grower in Stellenbosch. With nearly four million inhabitants, the Cape Town is South Africa’s most populated and without a doubt one of the most cosmopolitan. Often a model to the rest of the country, the city still remains extremely unequal, where the poor and the rich rub shoulders but live in a sometimes shaky balance. Twenty years after the end of the Apartheid system, 80% of the Cape Town’s mostly black population, is still living in townships. In the middle of shanty towns and sheet metal barracks, some pieces of land stand from the scenery. Community vegetable gardens where dozens of organic vegetables grow plentifully. It’s Rob Small’s work, founder of the Abalimi NGO who has officiated for the last 30 years in the city’s most delicate areas. At the end of the 80s, after agronomic science studies in England, his native country, he decides to set himself up in Cape Town, in a completely divided city.
https://wn.com/Taste_Hunters_Visit_Abalimi_(French_English)
Plateau télévisé sur les subventions agricoles au Sénégal organisé en marge de la table de concertation sur les perspectives d'amélioration des pratiques en mat...
https://wn.com/Rts_Plateau_Télévisé_Sur_Les_Subventions_Agricoles_Au_Sénégal
Wo die Natur auf Wissenschaft trifft, um die auf dem Weltmarkt führende Marke im Bereich Vitamine und Mineralstoffe zu entwickeln. Die Marke die ihre Pflanzen ...
https://wn.com/Nutrilite™_Das_Perfekte_Gleichgewicht
Say cheese, everyone. In this episode we are taking you to the farm … and also giving you a fork. At Rolling Lawn Farm, four generations have been producing hig...
Say cheese, everyone. In this episode we are taking you to the farm … and also giving you a fork. At Rolling Lawn Farm, four generations have been producing high quality milk from a well-cared-for herd of Holsteins since 1910. The tradition is being carried on by going back to basics – bottling and selling the milk and cream directly to consumers and chefs. And then we’re heading to a farm and creamery in Illinois where fresh and aged goat milk cheeses share the table with farm-fresh fare at a series of chef-inspired dinners that bring consumers straight to the farm itself. Cheese enhances the flavor of many dishes and in the kitchen, host Cat Neville makes shrimp and clams with fettuccine in saffron cream sauce. Feast TV is brought to you by the generous support of our sponsors: Missouri Wines, IKEA, Kaldi's Coffee Roasting Co., Ole Tyme Produce and The Raphael Hotel. Produced in partnership with Tybee Studios and LP Creative Studio.
https://wn.com/Feast_Tv_Milk_It
Catherine Tonero is a roaming reporter with RTBF Television in Belgium. RTBF has 3 reporters roaming the United States to find out what they think of the upcomi...
https://wn.com/Ecovillage_Life_Interview_With_Catherine_Tonero_Of_Race_For_The_White_House
This is a documentary about ecovillages and permaculture seen from a sustainable consumption perspective. The intention is to show an example of lifestyles that...
https://wn.com/Ecovillages_And_Permaculture_A_Reference_Model_For_Sustainable_Consumption
Ventures in Wine Country continues to follow three Okanagan Valley wineries through the busy tourist wine tasting Summer season. -------------------------------...
https://wn.com/Ventures_In_Wine_Country_|_Episode_2_Summer
http://link.imd.org/cln-2012 - Strong customer-focused companies have a clear, relevant promise which they obsessively deliver day-in, day-out. At the same tim...
https://wn.com/Beyond_The_Familiar_Long_Term_Growth_Through_Customer_Focus_And_Innovation
https://wn.com/Ben_Lawson._Permaculture_In_Your_Home._Food_Forests._Positive_And_Negative_Direction.
An interactive panel dialogue followed the reactions from the audience, reflecting the ‘voices of stakeholders’ at the inaugural meeting of the Global Alliance ...
An interactive panel dialogue followed the reactions from the audience, reflecting the ‘voices of stakeholders’ at the inaugural meeting of the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture. New York, 24 September 2014. Find out more: http://www.climatesmartagriculture.org Facilitator Dr. Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research at the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Panel members: - H.E. Mr Luis Felipe Arauz Cavallini, Minister of Agriculture and Livestock, Costa Rica - Ms Esther Penunia, Secretary General, Asia Farmers Organisation - Ms Sonali Bisht INHERE for CSO-GARD, Civil Society - Mr Sean de Cleene, Senior Vice-President, Global Initiatives, Strategy and Business Development, Yara International - Dr Rebecca Shaw, Associate Vice-President, Environmental Defence Fund - Mr Martin Bwalya, Head of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) in the NEPAD Agency
https://wn.com/Voices_From_Stakeholders_Global_Alliance_For_Climate_Smart_Agriculture
Part One of my WWOOFing adventure takes place in the German-speaking region of Switzerland...
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Did “Silent Spring” also launch our modern organic farming movement, as many organic advocates and businesses often suggest? Actually, no ... In my research, I learned that she favored a restrained use of pesticides, but not a complete elimination, and did not oppose judicious use of manufactured fertilizers – which are prohibited in organic farming ... The leader of America’s organic farming movement at the time was J....
A recent undercover investigation into the treatment of pigs on some UK farms raised fresh concerns about the welfare of animals ... These pigs, Animal Equality claims, were filmed at four farms that are Red Tractor certified ... Of course, a quick sharp way to eliminate factory farmed meat from your diet is to go vegetarian or vegan ... “Organic meat tends to have the highest welfare standards,” Oxborrow says....
Hundreds of volunteers get out of work to dig in at Westminster High’s school farm ...
WESTMINSTER — Over a two-day period, the Giving Farm at Westminster High that provides fresh vegetables and fruit to Orange County Food Bank got some tender, loving care from several hundred volunteers out of the corporate world. The helping hands that spruced up the farm on May 18 and 19 were culled from the Corporate Volunteer Council of Orange County, which is focusing its efforts this year on alleviating food insecurity....
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Radio work, other ventures keep small-farm operator on farm
It took a half-dozen years and about as many side jobs, but Matt Brechwald is now able to stay on his small farm most of the time. “The whole reason I do all the things I do is so I can farm, and so I can manage the farm as efficiently as possible,” he said. Brechwald proves it can be tough making a living on a small farm or ranch, but that there are also solutions....
The truck also allows them to make more efficient use of what they grow at Black Brook Farm, the organic farm Kendra started with her parents 22 years ago ... However, with organic ingredients sourced from Black Brook or another local farm, those items are about as healthy as can be, Kendra said ... Kendra and Paul Porter operate the Potatoes and Molasses food truck out of Black Brook Farm in Skaneateles....
Meanwhile, stakeholders with the cannabis facility, Standard Farms said they are doing what they can to be good neighbors and address concerns as they crop up ... Councilwoman Patty Horn excused herself from the council table and stood by residents during the public comment portion of the meeting, also citing her concerns over Standard Farms as she lives in the neighborhood....
At this protest, Animal Equality will showcase iAnimal, the organization's pioneering virtuality reality experience which gives viewers a glimpse inside gruesome factory farms like those which raise chickens for McDonald's ... Animal Equality is an animal protection organization that works toward a world without animal suffering ... The organization is ......
“This pilot project is key to advancing the adoption of an industry-wide systemic approach to preserving organic integrity from the farm to the plate and to ensuring the honesty of global control systems.” "Pipeline Foods is honored to work with the Organic Trade Association and member organizations to develop and test these industry best practices for assuring organic integrity....
Collison was a top official at the Oklahoma Farm Bureau, as was another organizer of No New Oklahoma Taxes. The group was formed as a social welfare organization under federal tax law and does not have to reveal its financial donors ... The farm organization opposed tax changes that would negatively affect the wind industry.  ... There is a reason these kinds of organizations use dark money and refuse to disclose their backers."....
Global trade too valuable to lose
Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue from Nebraska Farm Bureau President Steve Nelson of Axtell. Nelson and his counterparts leading state Farm Bureau organizations in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin want an end to escalating trade disputes resulting from President Donald Trump’s threatened tariffs on foreign steel and aluminum....
Chefs from Café Boulud and Eau Palm Beach Resort are part of a cooking brigade set to prepare an “ultimate” brunch this weekend in honor of an area farming-community leader and mentor ... Ultimate Chefs’ Brunch taking place at Green Cay Farm, 12750 Hagen Ranch Road in Boynton Beach....

value: This website is a news aggregator founded in March 1995 and launched online in 1998. In 2003, Search Engine Watch praised the service for its "Special Reports", and called it "an interesting alternative" to other news aggregation services.


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10x 20CM Pre-Wired Prewired Ultra Bright 12V 5mm LEDs LED Light Lamp Bulb BLUE | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hello -User-.'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hello (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsCollectionsMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch ListWish ListAll ListsPurchase HistorySellingMy CollectionsFollowed SearchesMessagesCollect & Spend Learn moreSellExpand SellSell an itemSeller centreInternational sellingSeller protectionSeller FeesSell for CharityCommunityExpand CommunityAnswer CentreDiscussion BoardsGroupsNewsHelp & ContactExpand Help & ContactContact Us (Phone / Chat / E-mail)FAQsDelivery & ReturnsAsk the eBay CommunityResolution Centre Back to home page
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Patent US7485512 - Method of manufacturing an adaptive AIGaN buffer layer - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA method of compensating resistivity of a near-surface region of a substrate includes epitaxially growing a buffer layer on the substrate, wherein the buffer is grown as having a dopant concentration as dependent on resistivity and conductivity of the substrate, so as to deplete residual or excess charge...http://www.google.com/patents/US7485512?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7485512 - Method of manufacturing an adaptive AIGaN buffer layerAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7485512 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/474,431Publication dateFeb 3, 2009Filing dateJun 26, 2006Priority dateJun 8, 2005Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20060281238Publication number11474431, 474431, US 7485512 B2, US 7485512B2, US-B2-7485512, US7485512 B2, US7485512B2InventorsChristopher Harris, Thomas Gehrke, T. Warren Weeks, Jr., Cem Basceri, Elif BerkmanOriginal AssigneeCree, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (27), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (15), Classifications (12), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod of manufacturing an adaptive AIGaN buffer layer
US 7485512 B2Abstract
A method of compensating resistivity of a near-surface region of a substrate includes epitaxially growing a buffer layer on the substrate, wherein the buffer is grown as having a dopant concentration as dependent on resistivity and conductivity of the substrate, so as to deplete residual or excess charge within the near-surface region of the substrate. The dopant profile of the buffer layer be smoothly graded, or may consist of sub-layers of different dopant concentration, to also provide a highly resistive upper portion of the buffer layer ideal for subsequent device growth. Also, the buffer layer may be doped with carbon, and aluminum may be used to getter the carbon during epitaxial growth.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a method of manufacturing a heterojunction device includes in combination forming a first layer of p-type AlxGa(1-x)N; forming a second layer of undoped GaN on the first layer; and forming a third layer of nominally undoped AlxGa(1-x)N on the second layer, to provide an electron gas between the second and third layers.
High energy crystals such as GaN are large bandgap materials, and consequently the incorporation of impurities therein is difficult. The incorporation of p-type impurities into GaN is particularly difficult. In order to alleviate this problem and to enhance p-type doping so as to more easily grow p-type AlGaN layer 30, modest amounts of aluminum are introduced into a preliminary GaN layer during epitaxial growth in this embodiment, and carbon (C) is used as a p-type dopant. The aluminum atoms getter carbon atoms, whereby aluminum and carbon atoms resultingly achieve significant atomic bonding. The aluminum helps the amphoteric carbon atoms sit on the substitutional nitrogen sites (CN), resulting in improved p-type behavior. As a preliminary GaN layer is epitaxially grown, carbon and aluminum are added in the MOCVD process. The incorporation of aluminum should be at low levels not to exceed an aluminum mole fraction of about 0.15% (i.e. x<0.0015) for example, so that the impact on or increase of the bandgap of the layer during epitaxial growth is negligible or at least of no consequence for device operation, while the impact in terms of doping is substantial. For example, 0.1% incorporation of aluminum into the preliminary GaN layer has very small or insignificant impact with respect to bandgap change, but has significant impact on doping levels. In a sense, the GaN preliminary layer may be considered as “co-doped” with aluminum in order to increase incorporation of carbon, although in a strict sense aluminum is not a dopant but may more precisely be characterized as an isoelectric center.
In this embodiment, the initial or characteristic resistivity of the substrates to be used are first measured using conventional techniques and equipment, and the substrates are subsequently binned by resistivity into lots identified as 103 ohms/cm, 104 ohms/cm, . . . , 108 ohms/cm, and 109 ohms/cm, for example. Thereafter, GaN layers are epitaxially grown in test runs on a number of the substrates from each of the respectively different binned lots, with carbon incorporated therein as a p-type dopant. Processing conditions such as pressure, temperature and dopant concentration are controlled and varied during the test runs of the different respective binned lots. For example, processing conditions to control carbon incorporation during epitaxial growth of GaN layers may vary within ranges of 980-1050° C., 50-100 Torr, and V/III ratio 2500-3500.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4424525Dec 29, 1980Jan 3, 1984Fujitsu LimitedHigh electron mobility single heterojunction semiconductor devicesUS5105241Jun 26, 1991Apr 14, 1992Nec CorporationField effect transistorUS5381027Oct 12, 1993Jan 10, 1995Hitachi, Ltd.Semiconductor device having a heterojunction and a two dimensional gas as an active layerUS5786606 *Dec 12, 1996Jul 28, 1998Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaSemiconductor light-emitting deviceUS5821170Sep 30, 1996Oct 13, 1998Motorola, Inc.Method for etching an insulating materialUS5929467Dec 3, 1997Jul 27, 1999Sony CorporationField effect transistor with nitride compoundUS6100549Aug 12, 1998Aug 8, 2000Motorola, Inc.High breakdown voltage resurf HFETUS6140169Apr 1, 1999Oct 31, 2000Sony CorporationMethod for manufacturing field effect transistorUS6150680Mar 5, 1998Nov 21, 2000Welch Allyn, Inc.Field effect semiconductor device having dipole barrierUS6504176Apr 3, 2001Jan 7, 2003Matshushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Field effect transistor and method of manufacturing the sameUS6534801 *Dec 18, 2001Mar 18, 2003The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.GaN-based high electron mobility transistorUS6544867 *Jun 9, 2000Apr 8, 2003National Research Council Of CanadaMolecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of semi-insulating C-doped GaNUS6765242Apr 11, 2000Jul 20, 2004Sandia CorporationNpn double heterostructure bipolar transistor with ingaasn base regionUS6777315May 1, 2003Aug 17, 2004The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air ForceMethod of controlling the resistivity of Gallium NitrideUS7084441May 20, 2004Aug 1, 2006Cree, Inc.Semiconductor devices having a hybrid channel layer, current aperture transistors and methods of fabricating sameUS20010015437 *Jan 25, 2001Aug 23, 2001Hirotatsu IshiiGaN field-effect transistor, inverter device, and production processes thereforUS20040041169Aug 26, 2003Mar 4, 2004Fan RenGaN-type enhancement MOSFET using hetero structureUS20050194602Sep 1, 2004Sep 8, 2005Hrl Laboratories, LlcMethod for fabricating a non-planar nitride-based heterostructure field effect transistorUS20060019435Jul 23, 2004Jan 26, 2006Scott SheppardMethods of fabricating nitride-based transistors with a cap layer and a recessed gateUS20060043379 *Aug 31, 2004Mar 2, 2006An-Ping ZhangSIC metal semiconductor field-effect transistors and methods for producing sameUS20060054917Nov 30, 2004Mar 16, 2006Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.Nitride semiconductor light emitting device and method of manufacturing the sameUS20060054925Nov 3, 2005Mar 16, 2006Fujitsu LimitedCompound semiconductor device and method for fabricating the sameUS20060073621Oct 1, 2004Apr 6, 2006Palo Alto Research Center IncorporatedGroup III-nitride based HEMT device with insulating GaN/AlGaN buffer layerUS20060278892Jun 8, 2005Dec 14, 2006Christopher HarrisGallium nitride based high-electron mobility devicesUS20060281238Jun 26, 2006Dec 14, 2006Christopher HarrisMethod of manufacturing an adaptive AlGaN buffer layerUS20060281284 *Jun 8, 2005Dec 14, 2006Christopher HarrisMethod of manufacturing gallium nitride based high-electron mobility devicesUS20070032046Jul 1, 2005Feb 8, 2007Dmitriev Vladimir AMethod for simultaneously producing multiple wafers during a single epitaxial growth run and semiconductor structure grown thereby* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1C. Poblenz et al; Effect of Carbon Doping on Buffer Leakage in AIGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors; J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B22 May, Jun. 2004.2C. Theodoropoulos et al.; Design of Gas Inlets for the Growth of Gallium Nitride by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy; Journal of Crystal Growth; 2000.3Gaska et al. High Temperature Performance of AIGaN/GaN HFET's on SiC Substrates. IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 18, No. 10 (1997).Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7700423Jul 28, 2006Apr 20, 2010Iqe Rf, LlcProcess for manufacturing epitaxial wafers for integrated devices on a common compound semiconductor III-V waferUS7893463May 12, 2010Feb 22, 2011Emcore CorporationIntegrated devices on a common compound semiconductor III-V waferUS8288797Dec 9, 2010Oct 16, 2012Emcore CorporationIntegrated devices on a common compound semiconductor III-V waferUS8309990Feb 15, 2012Nov 13, 2012Emcore CorporationIntegrated devices on a common compound semiconductor III-V waferUS8791504 *Oct 20, 2011Jul 29, 2014Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.Substrate breakdown voltage improvement for group III-nitride on a silicon substrateUS9299821Jun 22, 2011Mar 29, 2016Cornell UniversityGated III-V semiconductor structure and methodUS20080023725 *Jul 28, 2006Jan 31, 2008Paul CookeProcess for manufacturing epitaxial wafers for integrated devices on a common compound semiconductor III-V waferUS20080026545 *Jul 28, 2006Jan 31, 2008Paul CookeIntegrated devices on a common compound semiconductor III-V waferUS20100117118 *Aug 7, 2009May 13, 2010Dabiran Amir MHigh electron mobility heterojunction deviceUS20100295096 *May 12, 2010Nov 25, 2010Emcore CorporationIntegrated Devices on a Common Compound Semiconductor III-V WaferUS20110079821 *Dec 9, 2010Apr 7, 2011Emcore CorporationIntegrated Devices on a Common Compound Semiconductor III-V WaferUS20130099243 *Oct 20, 2011Apr 25, 2013Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.Substrate breakdown voltage improvement for group iii-nitride on a silicon substrateUS20140015608 *May 23, 2013Jan 16, 2014Fujitsu LimitedCompound semiconductor device, method for producing the same, power-supply unit, and high-frequency amplifierCN103545361A *May 30, 2013Jan 29, 2014富士通株式会社Compound semiconductor device, method for producing the same, power-supply unit, and high-frequency amplifierCN103545361B *May 30, 2013Jun 29, 2016富士通株式会社化合物半导体器件及其制造方法、电源装置和高频放大器* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification438/167, 257/196, 438/172, 257/472, 257/194, 257/195, 438/93, 438/46International ClassificationH01L21/338Cooperative ClassificationH01L29/2003, H01L29/7783European ClassificationH01L29/778C2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 26, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR, VIRGINIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HARRIS, CHRISTOPHER;GEHRKE, THOMAS;WEEKS, JR., T. WARREN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:018037/0128;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060622 TO 20060623Nov 15, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: CREE DULLES, INC., VIRGINIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:018570/0055Effective date: 20060710Aug 28, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: CREE, INC., NORTH CAROLINAFree format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CREE DULLES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019756/0336Effective date: 20070624Owner name: CREE, INC.,NORTH CAROLINAFree format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CREE DULLES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019756/0336Effective date: 20070624Jul 5, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 21, 2016FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services