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BYU Ready to Showcase Football Program - Byu - Scout
BYU Ready to Showcase Football ProgramTalo Steves09/01/2010BYU declared independence and secured an eight-year partnership with ESPN in an effort to broadcast every Cougar home game to a live national audience. No longer tied down by poor TV contracts and hindering universities, BYU is now the captain of its own ship.When BYU decided to become joined at the hip with the Mountain West Conference TV contract, much was sacrificed in terms of exposure for a national fan base. BYU families across the nation could no longer gather in LDS stake centers to watch the Cougars. Redistribution rights were often shot down by those that BYU was partnered with. Now, after rethinking that partnership, BYU has changed its course and tied its brand with ESPN.
"We've actually been looking at this opportunity to improve our fan access and exposure for our teams and student athletes for years," said athletic director Tom Holmoe during BYU's press conference on Wednesday. "We worked long and hard through the proper channels to try and solve issues that would enhance these two areas. For years we've tried to do all that we could do to put to good use our broadcasting resources that our school is so blessed to have. Much to our disappointment through the years, there was little improvement in these areas."
With BYU's $82 million broadcasting facility being built, however, new options became available.
"Eventually we began to look outside of the unproductive pathways on a set of wider options," Homloe said. "Knowing we have a state-of-the-art broadcast facility that was online and nearing completion, as well as an incredible [high definition] truck to assist us that was courtesy of our brothers at BYU Broadcasting, we knew we could not let this window of opportunity pass us by."
"Contrary to some speculation, a driving force in our deliberations has been to secure a broad, nationwide access for games and contests for our large national following," said BYU President Cecil O. Samuelson. "We are also finding ways to showcase our hardworking and exemplary student athletes."
BYU's deal with ESPN will allow fans all over to have much better access to Cougar games.
"As our performance warrants it, ESPN can also showcase our team on SportsCenter and College GameDay and with promotional spots during their other shows and games on TV," Homloe said. "At the same time, we will begin to see live games on BYUtv, which is already on the basic tier on both Dish and Direct TV, as well as over 500 cable systems in 55 million homes across the country and growing every month. BYUtv also has the capacity to broadcast our games internationally to millions and millions more. "As you can see, BYU's national fan base will now be able to watch every BYU home football and men's basketball games on national TV. In addition to the live broadcasts, BYU broadcasting will also have the ability to do same-day rebroadcasts of every home game and any game to which ESPN has the rights. Fans will also have on-demand access to any of these games, any of these replays in a library of some of the great BYU games from the past through BYU Broadcasting's online offerings."
Dave Brown, ESPN vice president of programming, was on hand during Wednesday's press conference and expressed a great deal of support for the new partnership between BYU and ESPN. "I'm very confident, absolutely very confident," said Brown. "Just look at the Oklahoma rating last year ... I mean, [BYU] got great ratings in all the five Las Vegas Bowls that we've done. With everything here, we're going to move forward and kick it up a notch and take it up a level."
An instrumental factor, ESPN has brokered high-profile games involving BYU in the recent past and will continue to do so now nationwide. Wednesday's press conference included the announcement of a six-game series against Notre Dame that will run through 2020.
"Fortunately we have a long and fruitful relationship with ESPN, the worldwide leader in sports," Holmoe said. "For nearly 30 years, BYU and ESPN have teamed up for some classic football games. For example, last year's matchup in Dallas Cowboys Stadium with the University of Oklahoma would not have been possible without the influence of ESPN … Together in partnership – ESPN and BYU Athletics – our vision is to play football games across the country against many of the storied football programs in their legendary stadiums and to have those same highly regarded programs return to Provo to play in LaVell Edwards Stadium."
"Those are great windows for us when the heavy-hitters come here," said Brown. "Those are great opportunity for us to put BYU on Saturday night on primetime like we did for Notre Dame and USC, and I foresee those kinds of opportunities coming back quickly."
While it remains to be seen what future opportunities will come about, Brown hinted at BYU traveling to some different locations around the country.
"We're going to look for incredible game-site opportunities that present themselves given the incredible nationwide fan base BYU has," Brown said. "We're certainly going to look at those opportunities too, and those will be great opportunities for us whether it's in Dallas, Houston or Atlanta. It's going to be a great opportunity to get the BYU brand out there."
While ESPN will continue to work with BYU in scheduling high-profile games, Holmoe will ultimately have control over who BYU ends up playing.
"Tom in conjunction with Bronco [Mendehall] is going to run point on the schedule as they've always done," Brown said. "And certainly they're a broadcast partner now, and like with any broadcast partner – and even when BYU was a partner with the Mountain West [when] we did the Oklahoma game – if there is an interesting opportunity, we're going to run it by them. They are going to determine who is on the schedule every year [and] when the games are played. That is solely going to be under Tom's direction as it's always been."
Brown also emphatically stated that BYU will not play any weeknight games earlier than Thursday.
"No, that will not happen. Thursday, Friday and Saturday, and that's it as Tom said, and most of the games will be on Saturday. Obviously we're going to look forward to having BYU return to Thursday night football, and we're going to look to have them be a Friday night game each year as well. Obviously, with the General [Conference] of the Church [falling on weekends], and with the Utah State game, that gives us a great opportunity to do that. So we're going to make sure to take care of those scheduling options for us, but no Tuesday, Wednesday or Monday games and certainly no Sunday games."
With BYU's football program going independent, most other Cougar sports will join the West Coast Conference, which is comprised entirely of private religious institutions. "BYU is a unique institution in a number of ways which helps support our notion of independence, and also with that, closer association with likeminded institutions that are faith-based and academically oriented," said Samuelson. "We are convinced that we are taking positive steps forward. In this I must mention that we have the full support, confidence and encouragement of the BYU Board of Trustees in these decisions."
Holmoe addressed why BYU has chosen to go the independent route.
"It comes down to two pillars: access and exposure," Holmoe said. "Being independent increases our access to our national following of fans. Every home football game and men's basketball game will be carried nationally, and we will be free to broadcast our Olympic sports games as often as we please.
"Two, being independent increases the national exposure of our athletic programs. This is a wonderful opportunity to showcase who I feel are the greatest student athletes in the world."
BYU fans worldwide can welcome BYU football back to primetime, and it's about time.
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Eapen Z - PubMed - NCBI
Create RSSRSS SettingsSearch: Eapen ZNumber of items displayed:510152050100Feed name:Create RSSCreate alertAdvancedHelp
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Select item 268677581.Clinical Effectiveness of Hydralazine-Isosorbide Dinitrate Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Findings From the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry.Khazanie P, Liang L, Curtis LH, Butler J, Eapen ZJ, Heidenreich PA, Bhatt DL, Peterson ED, Yancy CW, Fonarow GC, Hernandez AF.Circ Heart Fail. 2016 Feb;9(2):e002444. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002444.PMID: 26867758 Similar articles Select item 267546242.Temporal Trends and Variation in Early Scheduled Follow-Up After a Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Findings from Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure.DeVore AD, Cox M, Eapen ZJ, Yancy CW, Bhatt DL, Heidenreich PA, Peterson ED, Fonarow GC, Hernandez AF.Circ Heart Fail. 2016 Jan;9(1). pii: e002344. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002344.PMID: 26754624 Similar articles Select item 266903833.Anticoagulation in Heart Failure: a Review.Zeitler EP, Eapen ZJ.J Atr Fibrillation. 2015 May 1;8(1):31-38.PMID: 26690383 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Select item 266561464.Back to the Future With Intravenous Diuretics: Reinvigorating an Old Treatment Through New Care Settings.Eapen ZJ, Kelly JP.JACC Heart Fail. 2016 Jan;4(1):9-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.07.016. Epub 2015 Dec 2. No abstract available. PMID: 26656146 Similar articles Select item 264548485.Characteristics, Treatments, and Outcomes of Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients Stratified by Etiologies of Cardiomyopathy.Shore S, Grau-Sepulveda MV, Bhatt DL, Heidenreich PA, Eapen ZJ, Hernandez AF, Yancy CW, Fonarow GC.JACC Heart Fail. 2015 Nov;3(11):906-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.06.012. Epub 2015 Oct 7.PMID: 26454848 Similar articles Select item 263938446.Can Mobile Health Applications Facilitate Meaningful Behavior Change?: Time for Answers.Eapen ZJ, Peterson ED.JAMA. 2015 Sep 22-29;314(12):1236-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.11067. No abstract available. PMID: 26393844 Similar articles Select item 263166167.Medication Initiation Burden Required to Comply With Heart Failure Guideline Recommendations and Hospital Quality Measures.Allen LA, Fonarow GC, Liang L, Schulte PJ, Masoudi FA, Rumsfeld JS, Ho PM, Eapen ZJ, Hernandez AF, Heidenreich PA, Bhatt DL, Peterson ED, Krumholz HM; American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) Investigators.Circulation. 2015 Oct 6;132(14):1347-53. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.014281. Epub 2015 Aug 27.PMID: 26316616 Similar articles Select item 261755338.Cluster-Randomized Trial of Personalized Site Performance Feedback in Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure.DeVore AD, Cox M, Heidenreich PA, Fonarow GC, Yancy CW, Eapen ZJ, Peterson ED, Hernandez AF.Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2015 Jul;8(4):421-7. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001333. Epub 2015 Jul 14.PMID: 26175533 Similar articles Select item 260529849.Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, Buse JB, Engel SS, Garg J, Josse R, Kaufman KD, Koglin J, Korn S, Lachin JM, McGuire DK, Pencina MJ, Standl E, Stein PP, Suryawanshi S, Van de Werf F, Peterson ED, Holman RR; TECOS Study Group.N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 16;373(3):232-42. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1501352. Epub 2015 Jun 8. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2015 Aug 6;373(6):586. PMID: 26052984 Free ArticleSimilar articles Select item 2602762310.Variation in performance measure criteria significantly affects cardiology practice rankings: Insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence Registry.Eapen ZJ, Tang F, Jones PG, Maddox TM, Oetgen WJ, Spertus JA, Rumsfeld JS, Heidenreich PA, Peterson ED, Drozda JP Jr.Am Heart J. 2015 Jun;169(6):847-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.02.021. Epub 2015 Mar 13.PMID: 26027623 Similar articles Select item 2600901211.Thinking Outside the Box: Treating Acute Heart Failure Outside the Hospital to Improve Care and Reduce Admissions.DeVore AD, Allen LA, Eapen ZJ.J Card Fail. 2015 Aug;21(8):667-73. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.05.009. Epub 2015 May 22. Review.PMID: 26009012 Similar articles Select item 2598644812.Hospital readmissions reduction program.McIlvennan CK, Eapen ZJ, Allen LA.Circulation. 2015 May 19;131(20):1796-803. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010270. No abstract available. PMID: 25986448 Similar articles Select item 2590459013.Heart rate at hospital discharge in patients with heart failure is associated with mortality and rehospitalization.Laskey WK, Alomari I, Cox M, Schulte PJ, Zhao X, Hernandez AF, Heidenreich PA, Eapen ZJ, Yancy C, Bhatt DL, Fonarow GC; AHA Get With The Guidelines®‐Heart Failure Program.J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 Apr 22;4(4). pii: e001626. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001626.PMID: 25904590 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Select item 2588944514.Characteristics, quality of care, and in-hospital outcomes of Asian-American heart failure patients: Findings from the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Program.Qian F, Fonarow GC, Krim SR, Vivo RP, Cox M, Hannan EL, Shaw BA, Hernandez AF, Eapen ZJ, Yancy CW, Bhatt DL.Int J Cardiol. 2015;189:141-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.400. Epub 2015 Apr 9.PMID: 25889445 Similar articles Select item 2574770015.Utility of socioeconomic status in predicting 30-day outcomes after heart failure hospitalization.Eapen ZJ, McCoy LA, Fonarow GC, Yancy CW, Miranda ML, Peterson ED, Califf RM, Hernandez AF.Circ Heart Fail. 2015 May;8(3):473-80. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001879. Epub 2015 Mar 6.PMID: 25747700 Similar articles Select item 2555043916.Ventricular conduction and long-term heart failure outcomes and mortality in African Americans: insights from the Jackson Heart Study.Mentz RJ, Greiner MA, DeVore AD, Dunlay SM, Choudhary G, Ahmad T, Khazanie P, Randolph TC, Griswold ME, Eapen ZJ, O'Brien EC, Thomas KL, Curtis LH, Hernandez AF.Circ Heart Fail. 2015 Mar;8(2):243-51. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001729. Epub 2014 Dec 30.PMID: 25550439 Similar articles Select item 2546583017.Acute decompensated heart failure patients admitted to critical care units: insights from ASCEND-HF.van Diepen S, Podder M, Hernandez AF, Westerhout CM, Armstong PW, McMurray JJ, Eapen ZJ, Califf RM, Starling RC, O'Connor CM, Ezekowitz JA.Int J Cardiol. 2014 Dec 20;177(3):840-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.007. Epub 2014 Nov 4.PMID: 25465830 Similar articles Select item 2544080118.Outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction in the Medicare population.Cheng RK, Cox M, Neely ML, Heidenreich PA, Bhatt DL, Eapen ZJ, Hernandez AF, Butler J, Yancy CW, Fonarow GC.Am Heart J. 2014 Nov;168(5):721-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.07.008. Epub 2014 Jul 22.PMID: 25440801 Similar articles Select item 2532435419.Short- and long-term rehospitalization and mortality for heart failure in 4 racial/ethnic populations.Vivo RP, Krim SR, Liang L, Neely M, Hernandez AF, Eapen ZJ, Peterson ED, Bhatt DL, Heidenreich PA, Yancy CW, Fonarow GC.J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 Oct 16;3(5):e001134. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001134.PMID: 25324354 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Select item 2517355320.Current quality of cardiovascular prevention for Million Hearts: an analysis of 147,038 outpatients from The Guideline Advantage.Eapen ZJ, Liang L, Shubrook JH, Bauman MA, Bufalino VJ, Bhatt DL, Peterson ED, Hernandez AF.Am Heart J. 2014 Sep;168(3):398-404. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.06.007. Epub 2014 Jun 9.PMID: 25173553 Similar articles << First< PrevPage of 3Next >Last >>
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Patent US6071093 - Bearingless blood pump and electronic drive system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA magnetically operated blood pump includes a rotor with an impeller that rotates within a housing, and the housing fastens to a driver that preferably electromagnetically controls the speed and disposition of the impeller in response to sensed conditions. The impeller and housing constitute a disposable...http://www.google.com/patents/US6071093?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6071093 - Bearingless blood pump and electronic drive systemAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6071093 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/733,981Publication dateJun 6, 2000Filing dateOct 18, 1996Priority dateOct 18, 1996Fee statusPaidPublication number08733981, 733981, US 6071093 A, US 6071093A, US-A-6071093, US6071093 A, US6071093AInventorsRobert M. HartOriginal AssigneeAbiomed, Inc., Danvers, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (28), Non-Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (200), Classifications (32), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetBearingless blood pump and electronic drive system
US 6071093 AAbstract
1. A blood pump comprisinga pump with a rotor, the rotor including a fluid-engaging surface for pumping blood as the rotor rotates, a housing for enclosing the rotor, said housing having an inlet and an outlet, for entry of blood to a compartment in said housing occupied by said rotor, and for ejection of blood by said rotor, respectively, a suspension system suspending the rotor in non-contact gap-defining relation with said housing without direct mechanical support between the said rotor and said housing, the suspension system including a permanent magnet spindle mounted on the rotor coaxial with a corresponding cylindrical permanent magnet carried by the housing such that the rotor rotates about a rotation axis without contact between the spindle and the cylindrical magnet, the rotor further including a plurality of permanent magnets having poles disposed circumferentially about said rotor, said permanent magnet spindle and said corresponding cylindrical magnet carried by the housing passively maintaining radial centering between the rotor and housing under varying applied loads, said rotor being shaped with a counter-flow path defined between inlet and outlet regions of said housing to define a pressure distribution on opposed surfaces of the rotor that changes as the rotor is displaced and provides a hydrostatic stabilizing force on surfaces of the rotor, and a driver having a plurality of drive coils aligned for imparting rotational torque to said plurality of permanent magnets to rotate said rotor at a desired speed. 2. A blood pump according to claim 1, wherein axial displacement of the rotor in the housing alters flow and changes the pressure distribution to passively and hydraulically induce an axial movement of the rotor counteracting the displacement.
TABLE 1______________________________________Stability of permanent magnet bearing configuration in FIG. 9A   Radial Force Axial Force                          Angular ForceBearing Constant Kr                Constant Kz                          Constant K.sub.θFIG. 9A (N/mm)       (N/mm)    N · m/(radian)______________________________________A       -2.7         6.2       0.18B       -2.7         6.2       -0.26Total   -5.4         12.4      -0.08______________________________________
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Hart, Victor G. Filipenko, and Robert T.V. Kung, Artificial Organs, 20(6):591-596, 9 refs., Jun. 1996.2"A Magnetically Suspended Implantable Centrifugal Pump" Robert M. Hart, Victor G. Filipenco, Robert T.V. Kung, 3rd Congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Houston, 6 viewgraphss, Aug. 1995.3"Design considerations for Bearingless Rotary Pumps", Robert T.V. Kung and Robert M. Hart, Artificial Organs, 21(7):645-650, 10 refs., Jul. 1997.4 *A Magnetically Suspended and Hydrostatically Stabilized Centrifugal Blood Pump , Robert M. Hart, Victor G. Filipenko, and Robert T.V. Kung, Artificial Organs, 20(6):591 596, 9 refs., Jun. 1996.5 *A Magnetically Suspended Implantable Centrifugal Pump Robert M. Hart, Victor G. Filipenco, Robert T.V. Kung, 3rd Congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Houston, 6 viewgraphss, Aug. 1995.6Delamare, J. et al., "A Compact Magnetic Suspension with only one Axis Control," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 30, No. 6, 4746-4748 (1994).7 *Delamare, J. et al., A Compact Magnetic Suspension with only one Axis Control, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics , vol. 30, No. 6, 4746 4748 (1994).8 *Design considerations for Bearingless Rotary Pumps , Robert T.V. Kung and Robert M. 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Is it possible to deregister Javascript prototype extension - Stack Overflow
I understand that using for..in loop to iterate over Array is not the recommended way for iteration. But I am curious to know if there is a way to deregister these extensions. I have worked with Groovy and in Groovy's case there is a registry which can be manipulated during runtime to erase the additional entries specified through metaclass. My current use-case is that Prototype is adding extensions to Array prototype. Since I use numerous plugins based on jQuery (I do use jQuery), I have to test most functionality of the website to ensure that the everything is fine. That's quite daunting. As to why I should use Prototype and jQuery, well lets just say that, I am left with no options at the moment. I also understand that deregistering (if possible) these extensions is in no way the solution for all the code to exist in harmony, since it means a disruptive change to the existing instances and new instances as well. There would be numerous anonymous functions which would depend on these extensions and would fail later. I am just plain to curious to know about the javascript implementation and possible access to the underlying logic.
javascript prototype share|improve this question asked Jan 4 '10 at 14:30
The problem with the for loop is that some libs (prototype) add properties to the base Object and that causes them to be enumerated by the for loop.
The following loop will loop through all the custom properties added to the base
Object and delete them from the prototype, making it safe to use "for in" with arrays
for (var prop in {}) {
delete Object.prototype[prop]
However, as you have mentioned, this will break prototype itself. If you use prototype, you should use one of their iteration methods. But I didn't understand what you were trying to get at with that question so I just explained how to undo what prototype did. share|improve this answer answered Jan 4 '10 at 21:13
As I had mentioned, I was just curious to know if those extensions could be removed. If such a thing existed in Javascript, I did not know it. Great thanks for the answer.
The for ... in is part of the language. You can not change an existing implementation, but you can always write your own!
if you have an "foo.bar()" you can do "delete foo.bar;" and that will remove the "method" (property). Dunno if that works on prototype-inherited stuff, but it's worth a shot.
You can use Object.hasOwnProperty to determine whether the property you are looking at through iteration belongs to the array itself or its prototype. If it comes from the prototype, you can decide at that point whether to delete it or ignore it:
for property in myarray {
if (myarray.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
if (!myarray.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
myarray[property] = null;
/* or delete myarray.prototype[property] */
/* or recursively search through prototype chain to
find the source of property, and delete it there */
I can't fathom that someone would add this check to every iteration loop. Yuck. That is one of the reasons I've never even seriously looked at prototype.
Unfortunately, it's a necessity in JavaScript -- see Douglas Crockford here: yuiblog.com/blog/2006/09/26/for-in-intrigue -- it's likely the reason the original question started "I understand that using for..in loop to iterate over Array is not the recommended way for iteration"
It is not a necessity, only if you want to augment the built-in types, which I think is a bad idea unless you're willing to muddy up your for loops (which I'm not). Since everything is an Object, I consider it very unwise to augment built-in types. In practice, I've found that augmenting Object is always bad, since all objects now have extra properties. Also found that augmenting Array is not as harmful, if you don't use for in loops with arrays, that is the approach we've taken (since that's also the approach ext-js takes, and that is our main lib)

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More than half of secondary school teachers in England are not qualified in their subjects | Daily Mail Online
Updated: 19:05 EST, 3 June 2008
Nearly four out of 10 teachers have no relevant qualifications beyond A-levels, according to research
More than half of secondary school teachers do not have degrees in the subjects they are taking, an official survey has revealed.
Up to 200,000 are forced to teach classes unrelated to their qualifications as schools battle to plug shortages of qualified specialists.
The figures raise fears that thousands of children are struggling to reach their potential because their teachers are not experts in their fields.
Only 43 per cent of secondary school staff have a degree in the subjects they are assigned to teach, according to the study commissioned by the Department for Children, Schools and Families.
A further 19 per cent have teaching qualifications in their specialist subjects but did not study them at the high level needed for a dedicated degree.
And 38 per cent have no qualification better than an A-level in the subjects they are teaching.
A comparison with a similar survey in 2002 shows that the proportion of lessons taught by staff who were not qualified beyond A-level in their subjects has risen.
But there has been an overall 10 percentage point rise in the proportion of teachers with degrees in their specialist subjects.

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Patent US5717576 - Device and method for protecting electronic units in a satellite from ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsDevice and method of protecting a satellite from undesired electrical disturbances without significantly increasing the satellite's weight. The device includes two faraday cage structures around the electronic units of the satellite. The two structures are electrically connected via shielded wires to...http://www.google.com/patents/US5717576?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5717576 - Device and method for protecting electronic units in a satellite from electrical disturbanceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5717576 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/577,438Publication dateFeb 10, 1998Filing dateDec 22, 1995Priority dateDec 22, 1995Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE69631024D1, DE69631024T2, EP0780305A2, EP0780305A3, EP0780305B1Publication number08577438, 577438, US 5717576 A, US 5717576A, US-A-5717576, US5717576 A, US5717576AInventorsScott A. Van Doeselaar, Christopher J. Cooper, J. Michael BodeauOriginal AssigneeHughes ElectronicsExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (2), Referenced by (5), Classifications (11), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDevice and method for protecting electronic units in a satellite from electrical disturbance
US 5717576 AAbstract
Device and method of protecting a satellite from undesired electrical disturbances without significantly increasing the satellite's weight. The device includes two faraday cage structures around the electronic units of the satellite. The two structures are electrically connected via shielded wires to create one continuous faraday cage. Signals from components located outside the faraday cage to the electronic units are made through filter assemblies. The filter assemblies electronically filter undesired signals before routing desired signals to their destination.
1. A device for electrically isolating electronic components within a satellite from electrical disturbance, said electronic components located on a platform module of said satellite, said platform module including propulsion components and said electronic components, the device comprising:a first structure forming a first faraday cage; said electronic components of said platform module comprising a plurality of first electronic components isolated from said propulsion components and contained within said first structure such that said first structure houses said first electronic components and not said propulsion components, and said first structure electrically isolates said first electronic components. 2. The device of claim 1 further comprising:a second structure forming a second faraday cage; said electronic components of said platform module further comprising a plurality of second electronic components isolated from said propulsion components and contained within said second structure such that said second structure houses said second electronic components and not said propulsion components, and said second structure electrically isolates said second electronic components. 3. The device of claim 2 further comprising a plurality of wires connecting a predetermined number of said first electronic components to a predetermined number of said second electronic components.
4. The device of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of wires penetrating said first structure and coupled to said first electronic components, said plurality of wires being covered by a shielded cable tray.
5. The device of claim 1 further comprising a filter assembly.
6. The device of claim 5 wherein said filter assembly comprises:a plurality of ferrites connected in a serial manner; and a diode serially connected to said plurality of ferrites. 7. The device of claim 6 wherein said filter assembly further comprises:an aluminum box structure comprising a plurality of panels; and connectors mounted on panels of said structure whereby said ferrites and said diode are connected between said connectors. 8. A method of electrically isolating electronic components within a satellite from electrical disturbance, said electronic components located on a platform module of said satellite, said platform module including propulsion components and said electronic components, the method comprising the steps of:separating said electronic components from said propulsion components, said electronic components comprising a plurality of first electronic components; forming a first structure that creates a first faraday cage; housing said plurality of first electronic components and not said propulsion components within said first structure such that said first structure electrically isolates said first electronic components. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising connecting a predetermined number of said plurality of first electronic components to a predetermined number of components located outside said structures.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of connecting comprises:connecting a plurality of ferrites in a serial manner wherein said plurality has a first end and a second end, the first end of said plurality connected to a wire side of an input connector; connecting a diode between said second end of said plurality of ferrites and a wire side of an output connector; connecting said predetermined number of components located outside said structures to a pin side of said input connector; and connecting said predetermined number of said plurality of electronic components to a pin side of said output connector. 11. The method of claim 8 further comprising the steps of:forming a second structure that creates a second faraday cage; housing a plurality of second electronic components within said second structure, said electronic components comprising said plurality of second electronic components which are also separated from said propulsion components, said second structure electrically isolating said second electronic components; and connecting a predetermined number of said first electronic components to a predetermined number of said second electronic components. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of connecting is performed by a plurality of wires.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein said wires are shielded.
A satellite is a type of spacecraft that orbits either the earth or another body of the solar system. There are two main classes of satellites: information satellites and communications satellites. Information satellites transmit signals related to atmospheric and meteorological data, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma and X-ray studies of celestial objects, and surveys of the earth's shape, surface, and resources. Communications satellites receive radio frequency signals from earth by means of highly directional aerials and return them to another earth location for purposes such as long-distance telephony and TV broadcasting.
A satellite typically includes a payload module and a platform module. For a communications satellite, the payload is the communications equipment necessary to perform the mission. The platform typically includes the following subsystems: (1) power; (2) attitude and control; (3) propulsion; (4) on-board telemetry tracking and command (TTC); (5) thermal control; and (6) structure. These subsystems play a vital role throughout the satellite's operational life.
The structure of the satellite platform module includes a configuration of rigid panels capable of withstanding intense mechanical stresses imposed during various phases of the mission. The panels are typically manufactured from strong lightweight materials such as aluminum honeycomb combined with aluminum or carbon fiber face sheets. Panel weight is further minimized by providing holes through the solid material.
An electrical shield called a faraday cage is commonly used to protect the platform electronic units (e.g. power distribution unit and power controller unit) from unwanted electrical disturbances such as electrostatic discharge. Previous satellites have been built with the electronic units and propulsion components (e.g. propulsion tanks and thrusters) dispersed throughout the platform. In order to protect the electronic units, the faraday cage must surround the entire platform. One method of accomplishing this is to wrap the platform in thermal blankets containing layers of metallized material. The blankets are then connected together by blanket ground wires to form a faraday cage around the platform. An alternative approach is to incorporate within the platform panels a material such that, when the panels are connected, a faraday cage is created.
The previous methods suffer from drawbacks. In the first method, numerous wires are required to completely connect the blankets together. The wire connections, which are often missed, cause penetrations in the faraday cage. In the second method, the solid panels add weight and increase satellite cost. In both methods, multiple penetrations of the faraday cage are required in order to make the necessary connections from propulsion components located outside the platform to propulsion components located inside the platform.
Accordingly, there exists a need for a device that provides adequate shielding for the electronic components of a satellite while minimizing satellite weight.
The present invention provides a device and method which can be implemented in the structure subsystem of a satellite. Specifically, the device and method of the present invention are capable of protecting a satellite from unwanted electrical disturbance without increasing the satellite's weight.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present, the electronic units and propulsion components are separated. Further, the electronic units are grouped closely together to minimize the size of the structure needed to house them. Preferably, there are two sets of electronics units located on the satellite. The structure that houses the electronic units is preferably made from solid panels containing a sufficient amount of aluminum to create a faraday cage around the units. The faraday cage protects the units from electrical disturbances such as the electrostatic discharge formed on the satellite during its mission.
The device and method of the present invention provides several advantages to the structural design of a satellite. The modular placement of electronic units and propulsion components separates critical electronics from propulsion components, thereby allowing a structure with solid panels to house the electronic components without significantly increasing the satellite's weight. The modular placement also allows the faraday cage to be broken into discrete structures connected via a cluster of wires called a harness. Because the propulsion components are located outside the faraday cage, and the electronic units are centrally located, the number of wire connections that penetrate the cage are minimized. Thus a faraday cage constructed according to the present invention is penetrated only where the harness penetrates the two structures. In a first preferred embodiment, the harness is covered by a braided metal in the form of a tubular mesh that wraps 360 degrees around the harness and connects to the two structures via connectors. In a second preferred embodiment, two harnesses are used and are covered by a shielded cable tray made from an aluminum material to provide additional protection from unwanted electrical disturbances.
In another aspect of the invention, modular placement of electronic units allows a novel method of shielding the wires that connect the electronics units to components located outside of the faraday cage. In the presently preferred embodiment, wires from the electronics units are connected to a first side of a filter assembly which is located on a panel of the electronic unit housing. Wires connected to the second side of the filter assembly are routed to the components located outside the faraday cage. The filter assembly electronically filters undesired signals originating from components outside the faraday cage before routing the desired signals to electronics components inside the faraday cage. The new technique alleviates the problems caused by previous methods of individually wrapping and grounding each wire connecting the electronics units to components outside the faraday cage.
FIG. 2a illustrates a first preferred embodiment for providing faraday cage protection to the electronics units of the satellite of FIG. 1.
FIG. 2b illustrates a second preferred embodiment for providing faraday cage protection to the electronics units of the satellite of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates several views of a filter assembly that can be used in the faraday cage protection scheme of FIG. 2.
A spacecraft or satellite 10 capable of utilizing the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. The satellite 10 has a spacecraft body 12 which includes a lower bus module or platform 14 and an upper payload module 16. Attached to the aft end of the lower bus module 14 are a plurality of engines. These engines include a centrally positioned liquid orbital thruster (not shown), four chemical propulsion engines 24 located at the corners of the bus module 14 and two pairs of xenon ion propulsion engines 26 (one pair shown). Lower bus module 14 contains fuel tanks (not shown) and various power and control modules that operate the engines and power the payload module 16. Bus module 14 further includes a pair of solar panels 18 that convert sunlight into electricity. The electricity is sent to batteries (not shown) located on the bus module 14. Bus module 14 also has a pair of antennae 20, which receive signals from an earth ground station. The antennae 20 reflect the received signals into reflectors 22, which in turn, reflect the signals into receivers (not shown). The antennae 20 are used to control the satellite 10 and to send signals to the ground station.
FIG. 2a illustrates a first preferred embodiment of the Faraday cage configuration 30 of the present invention. The configuration 30 preferably includes two shielded faraday structures 32, 34 which are located on the north panel 28 and south panel (not shown) of the bus module 14 of FIG. 1. The shielded faraday structures 32, 34 house the electronic units on board the satellite.
The panels of the structures 32, 34 are constructed of a honeycomb core adhesively affixed between two solid aluminum face sheets. In the presently preferred embodiment, the cell size of the core is 3/16 of an inch, the thickness of the core is 3/4 to 1 inch, and the thickness of the aluminum face sheets is 10 to 20 mils. The panels are connected to form a faraday cage around the electronic units using known RF sealing materials. The exact dimensions of the structures 32, 34 should be chosen according to the particular application.
In the present example, the structures 32, 34 are rectangular boxes. The faraday cages of the boxes 32, 34 are electrically connected via a bundle of wires or a harness (not shown) surrounded by a braided metal mesh 64. The braided metal mesh 64 is connected to the boxes 32, 34 via connectors 66 (only one shown) commonly known in the art. A suitable metal mesh 64 is mil-std space qualified commonly known in the art.
In a second preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 2b, the faraday cages of the boxes 32, 34 are electrically connected via two bundles of wires or harnesses (not shown) surrounded by shielded cable trays 36, 38. The bundles of wires are preferably 1 inch thick. Suitable wires are mil-std space hardware wires commonly known in the art. The shielded cable trays 36, 38 preferably comprise two rectangular sheets of aluminum 15 to 20 mils thick. The two rectangular sheets surround the harness and are held together by screws (not shown). The shielded cable trays 36, 38 provide continuity of the faraday cage of structures 32, 34.
Connections between electronics units and units located outside the faraday cage are made through filter assemblies 40. FIG. 3a illustrates a perspective view of a filter assembly 40 which includes a box structure 46, an aluminum lid 42, and an RF gasket 44 commonly used in the art to ensure electrical conductivity. The box structure 46 includes two flanges 48 for mounting the assembly 40 to a panel of the faraday cage structure 32, 34. The panels of the box structure 46 are preferably made from aluminum. One panel 50 of the assembly 40 is configured to accept 66 pin circular input connectors 52 (FIG. 3b). Another panel (not shown) of the assembly 40 is configured to accept 66 pin circular output connectors 54 (FIG. 3b). The connectors 52, 54 are off-the-shelf devices commonly known in the art.
FIGS. 3b and 3c illustrate further details of the filter assembly 40. Inside the filter assembly box structure 46, the wire end of the input connector 52, which is represented by filter pin 52a, is coupled to a first end of a ferrite 56. The other end of the ferrite 56 is connected to the first end of a ferrite 58. The second end of the ferrite 58 is coupled to the first end of a ferrite 60. The second end of the ferrite 60 is coupled to the first end of a diode 62. The second end of the diode 62 is coupled to the wire end 54a of the output connector 54. The ferrites 56, 58, 60 and diode 62 are chosen according to mil-std specifications and should be approved for space applications. The particular size of ferrites and diode should be chosen according to the type and size of signals that are to be filtered.
The components located outside the faraday cage structures 32, 34 are coupled to the pin ends of the 66 pin circular input connectors 52. The electronic units located inside the faraday cage structures 32, 34 are coupled to the pin ends of the 66 pin circular output connectors 54. Signals originating from components outside the faraday cage are electronically filtered through the ferrites 56, 58, 60 and diode 62 before reaching the electronic units inside the faraday cage structures 32, 34.
The device and method of the present invention provide several advantages to the structural design of a satellite. Modular placement of units and propulsion components allows a structure with solid panels to be used to house the electronic units without significantly increasing the satellite's weight. Modular placement minimizes penetrations of the faraday cage, thereby eliminating damage to the electronic units. Modular placement also significantly decreases the probability of digital electronics equipment randomly changing states due to electrical disturbances. Connections between electronic units and components outside the faraday cage through filter assemblies eliminate the problems associated with individual connections such as bad wraps, bad grounds and forgotten grounds.
It should be understood that a wide range of changes and modifications can be made to the preferred embodiment described above. For example, although rectangular faraday boxes are illustrated, the invention can be implemented using various configurations. It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, which are intended to define the scope of this invention.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5223806 *Aug 23, 1991Jun 29, 1993Digital Equipment CorporationMethod and apparatus for reducing electromagnetic interference and emission associated with computer network interfacesUS5386345 *Nov 18, 1993Jan 31, 1995Kitagawa Industries Co., Ltd.Electromagnetic shielding mesh* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6188016 *Jan 17, 1997Feb 13, 2001Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericcsson (Publ)Protection for electromagnetic connection and electrostatical dischargeUS6242691 *Feb 3, 1999Jun 5, 2001Lockheed Martin CorporationElectronic packaging and method of packagingUS6399875Aug 13, 1999Jun 4, 2002Ptmw, Inc.Lightning protected housing structureUS6515221 *Aug 1, 2000Feb 4, 2003Honeywell International Inc.Modular reaction wheel assembly to shield electronics on a satelliteUS6717047 *Aug 27, 2001Apr 6, 2004Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.EMI enclosure having a flexible cable shield* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification361/816, 361/814, 361/818, 174/24, 174/10International ClassificationB64G1/54, B64G1/22Cooperative ClassificationB64G1/54, B64G1/22European ClassificationB64G1/22, B64G1/54Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 23, 1996ASAssignmentOwner name: HUGHES ELECTRONICS, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BODEAU, J. MICHAEL;REEL/FRAME:007955/0684Effective date: 19960416Feb 17, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: HUGHES ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HE HOLDINGS INC., DBA HUGHES ELECTRONICS, FORMERLY KNOWN AS HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:008921/0153Effective date: 19971216Aug 9, 2001FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 10, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Aug 10, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services