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Patent US4867164 - Neurocybernetic prosthesis - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA neurocybernetic prosthesis for controlling or preventing epileptic seizures and other motor disorders includes a pulse generator which generates electrical pulses having a frequency of between 30 and 300 cycles per second, a pulse duration of between 0.3 and 1 millisecond and a constant current of...http://www.google.com/patents/US4867164?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4867164 - Neurocybernetic prosthesisAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4867164 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/113,601Publication dateSep 19, 1989Filing dateOct 26, 1987Priority dateSep 14, 1983Fee statusPaidPublication number07113601, 113601, US 4867164 A, US 4867164A, US-A-4867164, US4867164 A, US4867164AInventorsJacob ZabaraOriginal AssigneeJacob ZabaraExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (584), Classifications (17), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetNeurocybernetic prosthesis
US 4867164 AAbstract
A neurocybernetic prosthesis for controlling or preventing epileptic seizures and other motor disorders includes a pulse generator which generates electrical pulses having a frequency of between 30 and 300 cycles per second, a pulse duration of between 0.3 and 1 millisecond and a constant current of between 1 and 20 milliamperes. The generator is enclosed in an epoxy-titanium shell and is implanted in the body, preferably in the axilla. Electrode leads pass from the generator through a subcutaneous tunnel and terminate in an electrode patch on the vagus nerve. Provisions are made for varying the electrical signal from the generator after it has been implanted to "tune" the same to the patient. The prosthesis may be designed to be turned on manually when the patient senses the imminence of a convulsion. Alternatively, sensors may be provided for determining changes in the values of state parameters such as electroencephalographic waves which precede a convulsion. The pulse generator can then be turned on automatically in response to the sensors.
1. A method of controlling or preventing involuntary movements such as caused by epileptic seizures, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, spasticity, motor disorders and the like comprising applying a pulsed electrical signal to the vagus nerve in such a way as to avoid any substantial slowing of the heart rate, said signal being applied repeatedly over a period of time to thereby prevent or control such movement.
6. A method of controlling or preventing involuntary movements such as caused by epileptic seizures, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, spasticity, motor disorders and the like comprising applying a pulsed electrical signal to the vagus nerve at a point below the inferior cardiac nerve, said signal having a pulse frequency of approximately between 30 and 300 cycles per second wherein each pulse has a duration of between 0.3 and 1 millisecond and substantially constant current of between approximately 1 and 20 milliamperes, and said signal being applied repeatedly over a period of time to thereby prevent or control such movement.
7. A method of controlling or preventing involuntary movements such as caused by epileptic seizures, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, spasticity, motor disorders and the like comprising applying a pulsed electrical signal to the vagus nerve at a point below the inferior cardiac nerve, said signal being applied utilizing a plurality of electrodes and further being applied repeatedly over a period of time to thereby prevent or control such movement.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein there is a negative electrode and a positive electrode and wherein the negative electrode is applied proximal to the brain and the positive electrode is applied distal thereto.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein there is a negative electrode and a positive electrode and wherein the negative electrode is placed in the vicinity of the vagus nerve and the positive electrode is applied to a remote part of the body.
This application is a continuation-in-part of prior Application Ser. No. 814,846 filed Dec. 30, 1985, now Pat. No. 4,702,254 which was a continuation-in-part of prior Application Ser. No. 531,955 filed Sept. 14, 1983, now abandoned.
The primary intent of the present invention is the implantation of a neurocybernetic prosthesis in the human for epileptic control. The operation of the prosthesis is based on the principle of augmenting inhibitory processes in the brain to control states of hypersynchronous neural discharge.
Currently, approximately seventy-five percent of epileptics are responsive in some degree to drugs, although undesirable side effects may force discontinuance. Drug therapy necessitates a continual, general effect on brain cells and other tissues, not infrequently resulting in undesirable side-effects whereas epilepsy constitutes an interrupted condition occurring at an approximate average of two convulsions per week. Unlike drug therapy, a neurocybernetic prosthesis can be made operational just during the period of the convulsion by utilizing sensor feedback or manual control. Also, objective evaluation of drug effectiveness involves determination of chemical levels in the blood which is a very costly procedure. Since hyperactivity of the brain is the basis of many nervous system ailments such as Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, spasticity, motor disorders, etc., such a prosthesis would also be useful for these chronic nervous illnesses.
The approach of spectral discrimination is to utilize the basic properties of conduction velocity, diameter, refractory period, threshold, membrane potential, action potential, after potentials, synchronization and synaptic transmission. Based on these properties, the parameters of the pulse generator are chosen in terms of frequency, duration of pulse wave, shape of wave, voltage or current and duration of pulse train. In addition, a time-dependent direct current polarization of the membrane can be utilized to produce a "gate" effect.
If the total spectrum of the nerve is not known, it is possible to activate all the nerve fibers by the spectral discriminator and record the response on an oscilloscope. From this total fiber spectrum, it is possible t determine the settings of the spectral discriminator to select the activation of the appropriate subset of nerves.
In one form of the present invention, the neurocybernetic prosthesis need be turned on only during the duration of a seizure. It can be turned on either manually (by the patient) or automatically by a sensor-feedback system. Many epileptics have sensory signs immediately preceding the convulsion called an aura. At the initiation of the aura, the patient will be able to turn on the device and prevent the seizure. On the other hand, the neurocybernetic prosthesis can include a sensor-feedback system to block the seizure automatically. This feedback system would include sensors specifically designed to determine relatively instantaneous changes in the values of state parameters, which precede eruption of the hypersynchronous activity. Such parameters might include electroencephalographic waves, respiration changes, heart rate changes, various auras or motor effects such as tics or myoclonic jerks. The prosthesis thereby can be activated by sensor feedback producing a signal which precedes convulsive hypersynchronous discharge.
It has also been shown that the neurocybernetic prosthesis can be used prophylactically. That is, the prosthesis can be activated periodically whether or not an aura or other condition is sensed. Preferably, during a treatment period, the prosthesis may be activated once every hour or so for a minute or more with the frequency and duration gradually reduced to nothing at the end of the period which may be several hours or a week or more. Such treatment can eliminate seizures or at least reduce their frequency and intensity. This continuous cycling on and off is also most useful for treating continuous or chronic tremors such as Parkinsonism.
Since this "tuning" may have to be performed after the pulse generator is implanted, the present invention provides a means for varying the current parameters percutaneously. This is accomplished by a reed switch 30 associated with the implanted pulse generator 10 which is remotely controlled by electromagnet 32 and external programme 34. The precise manner in which this is accomplished and the circuitry associated therewith is well known to those skilled in the art as the same technique has been widely used in connection with the "tuning" of cardiac pacemakers.
The device shown in FIG. 1 is intended for full implantation. It is also possible to practice the present invention with partial implantation. This is accomplished as shown in FIG. 2 by the use of a receiver 36 including a coil 38 and diode 40. The receiver is enclosed in an epoxytitanium shell so that it can be implanted and is connected to the electrodes 22 and 24 on the vagus nerve through leads 18 and 20.
When the neurocybernetic prosthesis of the present invention is utilized for preventing epileptic seizures, it can be utilized as described above wherein the current generator is turned on only immediately preceding a convulsion. Many epileptics have sensory signs immediately preceding the convulsion called an aura. At the initiation of the aura, the patient will be able to turn on the device to prevent the seizure through the use of a manually operated switch. Even with a fully implanted prosthesis, a momentary contact switch, magnetically operated reed switch or a number of other devices could be provided which could be activated from outside of the body.
Although it is theoretically possible to place the electrode patch 62 or separate electrodes substantially anywhere along the length of the vagus nerve 26, minimal slowing of the heart rate is achieved by placing the same below the inferior cardiac nerve 64. The electrodes may be placed on or adjacent to the vagus. It is preferred, however, that the negative electrode be proximal to the brain and the positive electrode be distal thereto. In certain instances, the positive electrode may be used as an indifferent electrode and be placed in a different part of the body. For example, the case 26 of the implanted pulse generator 10 could, in some instances, be utilized as the positive electrode. It should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the terms "positive electrode" and "negative electrode" are merely relative; a positive electrode being one which is more positive than a negative electrode. Similarly, a negative electrode is one which is more negative than a positive electrode.
An electrode patch or cuff electrode such as that shown in FIG. 4 is the preferred embodiment. However, it should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various known electrodes such as a tripolar cuff electrode could be utilized. The electrodes may be placed either in direct contact with the nerve or in indirect contact with the neural tissue. There is no indication that placement of state of the art electrodes on the nerve itself would have a deleterious effect unless silver electrodes are utilized.
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text:
Now That's What I Call Rock: Amazon.co.uk: Music
Now That's What I Call Ro...
38 new from £4.76
Now That's What I Call Rock [Box set]
Buy the selected items togetherThis item:Now That's What I Call Rock by Various Artists Audio CD £6.45 In stock.Sold by mrtopseller and sent from Amazon Fulfillment.FREE Delivery on orders over £20. DetailsNow That's What I Call Classic Rock by Various Audio CD £7.99 In stock.Sent from and sold by Amazon.co.uk.FREE Delivery on orders over £20. DetailsNOW That's What I Call Legends by Various Artists Audio CD £7.70 In stock.Sold by A2Z Entertains and sent from Amazon Fulfillment.FREE Delivery on orders over £20. Details
ASIN: B00K6YCC6A
Kids (Radio Mix [Edit])
Teenage Dirtbag [Clean]
Fat Lip [Clean]
Dance, Dance (Album Version (Edited))
Cigarettes & Alcohol [Clean]
With the festival season coming guitar music is back and this latest collection from NOW features the best indie and rock music of a generation. Recent hits from The 1975, Haim & Jake Bugg amongst early 2000 alternative classics from Wheatus, Blink 182 and Sum 41 as well as Brit Pop hits from Pulp, Bluetones, Reef and many more. NOW That’s What I Call Rock, the perfect gift for Fathers Day. Customer Reviews 3.6 out of 5 stars
2.0 out of 5 starsNow That's What I Call Music That Won't Offend People at Weddings
Spoo4
This isn't, all things considered, a terrible compilation of music, unfortunately someone just chose a really terrible name for it.
2.0 out of 5 starsRock??? Not really
What a shabby attempt to ROCK up the NOW series...and it makes hilarious reading entertainment - I don't know which I laughed loudest at - the track listing or the reviews.
1.0 out of 5 starsLet There Be Rock...........sadly nowhere to be found on here.
i am unable to give this abortion less than 1 star,why is it so bad ?..let us begin...you get 3 cd`s for your money-drinks coasters are cheaper by the way....cd 1 comprises such non Rock luminaries as Bastille,Coldplay,Razorlight along with new(ish) indie whiners like Kodaline,Haim,Mumford and sons-most of these bands are soul destroying,also featured are forgotten teen pop bands-Scouting For Girls/Kaiser Chiefs...plus Jake Bugg,the modern day George Formby.....cd 2 continues the rot,long dead.forgotten bands-Wheatus,Alien Ant Farm,Blink 182,Sum 41 which sit alongside such guff as The Darkness,Fountains Of Wayne.....cd 3 is possibly the worst for non Rock....the dreary Britpop of Oasis,irish tedium masters U2,indie bedwetters Keane...then we get Anastacia,Robbie Williams,The Stone Roses and Embrace......quite simply the WORST COMPILATION EVER-and not a single decent Rock band/artist in sight........whoever put this together wants shooting...then being educated into what a ROCK song is.....avoid at all costs.
5.0 out of 5 starsA Brilliant album, although sme of the songs aren't even rock
Mr. R. Atkinson
This in my opinion is a fantastic album and is the only spin off Now album i have, now i have read most the reviews on here and a lot of people are criticising it for not having enough rock or worse no rock at all, i do agree with them in a way as a lot of them are a lot more Indie pop then rock. The following songs are the only ones i can think of that are a lot more Dance/Electronica that don't have any rock elements in them whatsoeverMGMT - kidsThe Bloodhound Gang - The Bad TouchApart from those 2 i think every other song does, there are also some very soft rock songs that are piano driven ballads.The Fray - How to Save a LifeKodaline - High HopesKeane - Somewhere Only We KnowEmbrace - Natures LawAnd with this album being a Now! album, most of the songs on here have appeared on the numbered series, the numbers in brackets next to each song indicates which numbered Now album they are on.CD 11. Bastille - Pompeii (Now 84)2. Coldplay - Paradise (Now 81)3. Nickelback - Rockstar (Now 69)4. Razorlight - America (Now 65)5. The Automatic - Monster (Now 64)6. Kaiser Chiefs - Ruby (Now 66)7. The Fratellis - Chelsea Dagger (Now 65)8. MGMT - kids (Now 72)9. The Fray - How to Save a Life (Now 66)10. Scouting for Girls - She's So Lovely (Now 68)11. Train - Drive By (Now 82)12. Foster the People - Pumped Up Kicks N/A13. Biffy Clyro - Many of Horror (Now 75)14. Imagine Dragons - Radioactive (Now 85)15. Kodaline - High Hopes N/A16. Klaxons - Golden Skans (Now 66)17. The 1975 - Chocolate (Now 85)18. HAIM - The Wire N/A19. The Kooks - Naive N/A20 Jake Bugg - Lightning Bolt N/A21.Read more ›

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