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Shop Bruce Bain 'Clouds' Canvas Wall Art - On Sale - Free Shipping Today - Overstock.com - 9497680
Sale:$8188
ITEM# 16677935
ITEM#: 16677935
This beautiful canvas wall art is from photographer Bruce Bain. His work employs elements of imagination to capture a variety of subjects. It is fully finished, arriving ready to hang on the wall of your choice. This exquisite piece of wall decor will spruce up your room. Made in the USA from US and imported parts.
Outer dimensions: 20 inches high x 48 inches wide x 1. 75 inches deep (overall)
Model Number BB155-GWC2016TP


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Excellent tour! - Review of Crown Tours, Rome, Italy - TripAdvisor
Excellent tour! - Crown Tours
#60 of 373 Food & Drink in Rome
My mum and I did the skip the line tour of the Colosseum, Palatine and The Forum and the tour guide Mike was BRILLIANT - great knowledge, funny, looked after the group really well and was very professional - would definitely recommend Crown Tours with Mike as the tour guide. The guided tour and skip the line tickets is well worth the extra money! :)
Ask Tasha W about Skip the Line: Colosseum, Roman Forum, and Palatine Hill Tour
All reviews palatine hill roman forum great tour palestine hill his knowledge fun facts colosseum tour visiting rome skip the line small group christian guide information company stories depth colloseum
34 - 39 of 833 reviews
jesiwak
My boyfriend and I went on the Colesseum tour including the palatine hills and Roman Forum. Both Maya and Christian were amazing guides. Great value for money!! I'll definitely book with Crown Tours next time I visit Rome
Ask jesiwak about Skip the Line: Colosseum, Roman Forum, and Palatine Hill Tour
Thank jesiwak
Our Colosseum tour was conducted by Silvio and he was a brilliant guide and was an absolute pleasure to be around. He mentioned that he had conducted his own research of the Colosseum and ancient Rome over many years, and it showed throughout the tour. He was extremely knowledgeable and very animated in his storytelling, which really added to the experience of this amazing monument. And very funny too - couldn't have asked for more! "Family, family...."
Christian carried out the remainder of the tour for the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill, and this was equally enjoyable. Christian was also well-informed of the sites and the Roman Empire, and his explanation of each of the sites coinciding with his history-telling of how the Empire was formed, how it expanded and how it eventually fell, was equally interesting and entertaining. This, with the backdrop of these incredible sites, was a brilliant experience. All in all, extremely satisying and highly recommended!
Ask Joe B about Skip the Line: Colosseum, Roman Forum, and Palatine Hill Tour
duckyh2017
Christian was our tour guide he was very informative . He was funny, and made everything relevant to today. He just had so much enthusiasm. He knows his stuff. Very clear speaker, I wish we could of had all my tours in rome with him as my tour guide.
Keep up the great work Christian.
All people coming to rome to tour with the other millions of people on a daily basis needs to keep in mind of how many people go thru all this stuff and how well they do do with shuffling people all day everyday.
Stop complaining just enjoy, take it in..not everything in life is perfect. For what they do they r doing great.!
Ask duckyh2017 about Skip the Line: Colosseum, Roman Forum, and Palatine Hill Tour
Thank duckyh2017
Curious13888703997, Guest Relations Manager at Crown Tours, responded to this reviewResponded 2 weeks ago
Review of: Colosseum Express Tour
Last time 5 years ago I went on my own
This time went on a tour
Much better going with tour
Ask David N about Colosseum Express Tour
Thank you for sharing your positive feedback with us. We are happy to hear that you enjoyed your
Do NOT book with Crown
What a horrible experience. We booked a Coliseum tour and got there plenty early. Was told we were not on the list. Said that the company that booked us should never have done so. Another couple came up and they booked through the same company and they finally found tickets for them. We mentioned that we were leaving Rome the next day and they basically said there is nothing we can do for you. We asked them to check with other tour operators to find tickets and thus find a solution for their screw up. Sara said that they checked and there were no more tickets anywhere for today and tomorrow. I started to express my frustrations and one of their punks got up in my face asking if I knew the laws of the country I was in. I said that I knew when you book and pay for a tour you should get one. The whole thing was disgusting and they provided no solution. Sara, gave us her number and said to call to get the refund. We did call later and the number was not accepting calls. When walking off - a guy came up to us and asked if we wanted tickets to the coliseum - We did and we got in on a great tour. So Crown also lied to us about checking all the other operators.
Ask Douglas W C about Skip the Line: Colosseum, Roman Forum, and Palatine Hill Tour
Thank Douglas W C

type: global

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Brew & 'Cue GABF Kickoff Party Tickets, Wed, Oct 2, 2019 at 4:00 PM | Eventbrite
Brew & 'Cue GABF Kickoff Party
Wed, October 2, 2019, 4:00 PM – 9:00 PM MDT
Join LIBERATI, H3SH3R BBQ CO. and Spice Trade Brewing to kickoff GABF with beer, cocktails and BBQ on the patio!
LIBERATI restaurant & brewery, H3SH3R BBQ CO. and Spice Trade Brewing will kick off the Great American Beer Fest (GABF) with a laid-back 'Brew & 'Cue' beer and barbecue gathering. Locals and visiting festivalgoers are invited to gather on LIBERATI’s stunning Tuscan-inspired patio to enjoy a tasty barbecue feast with expertly paired LIBERATI and Spice Trade brews and cocktails.
H3SH3R BBQ CO. is the creation of Chef Jeff Gebott and restauranteur Tony Fitzgerald. The award-winning Aurora-based barbecue truck and catering company create inventive dishes by pairing classic grilled and smoked flavors with unexpected ingredients. The menu for this event will feature:
Texas Brisket Sliders with Whiskey Bacon Jam
Smoked Adobo Chicken Wings with Tomatillo Sauce
Pork Belly Burnt Ends with Cherry Bomb BBQ Sauce
Smoked Polish Sausage Corn Dog Bites with Beer Mustard
Smoked Portobello Mushroom Slider (Vegetarian Option)
LIBERATI is the only brewery in the world solely dedicated to brewing oenobeers, beers made with grapes sourced from all over the world and will showcase two of its truly tannic ales that go great with barbecued meats. Additionally, LIBERATI will collaborate with Spice Trade Brewing on a Manhattan featuring their 'beermouth' - a vermouth that's also an oenobeer. Finally, Spice Trade - known for its unique beer styles inspired by culinary ingredients and traditions from around the world -will feature two of its popular meat-friendly brews.
Tickets are $30 in advance and include three 6oz beers and BBQ bites. This event is 21+ and guests will be required to show ID to enter.
Brew & 'Cue GABF Kickoff Party at LIBERATI restaurant & brewery

value: This website is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events.


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Beets And Diabetes | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAntiquesArtBabyBooksBusiness & IndustrialCameras & PhotoCell Phones & AccessoriesClothing, Shoes & AccessoriesCoins & Paper MoneyCollectiblesComputers/Tablets & NetworkingConsumer ElectronicsCraftsDolls & BearsDVDs & MovieseBay MotorsEntertainment MemorabiliaGift Cards & CouponsHealth & BeautyHome & GardenJewelry & WatchesMusicMusical Instruments & GearPet SuppliesPottery & GlassReal EstateSpecialty ServicesSporting GoodsSports Mem, Cards & Fan ShopStampsTickets & ExperiencesToys & HobbiesTravelVideo Games & ConsolesEverything ElseAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi -User-!'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsGift CardsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch listWish listAll listsPurchase historySellingMy CollectionsFollowed searchesMessagesNotification Refine your search for Beets And Diabetes
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text: Debbie Ford Guest Book: sign their guest book, share your condolences, or read their obituary at Syracuse Post Standard

value: This website is a United States-based website founded in 1998, the world's largest commercial provider of online memorials. The Web site hosts obituaries and memorials for more than 70 percent of all U.S. deaths.


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Best of Bruce Hornsby and The Range by Bruce Hornsby and the Range, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® B&N Top 100 NY Times Bestsellers
Best of Bruce Hornsby and The Range
by Bruce Hornsby and the RangeBruce Hornsby and the Range
8 New & Used from $10.40 in Marketplace
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book by heitor villa-lobos
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book by passion
the toy shop vocal score
50 Years of Soul - Piano/Vocal/Guitar
(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Songbook). A compilation of soul and soul-influenced music, ranging from such classics as Stand ...
(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Songbook). A compilation of soul and soul-influenced music, ranging from such classics as Stand by Me and Marvin Gaye's Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler) to some surprising modern gems like Portishead's Glory Box and Duffy's Mercy. In ...
Big Book of Bluegrass Songs - Piano/Vocal/Guitar
(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Songbook). The best collection ever of 70+ bluegrass standards! Includes: Alabama Jubilee • Arkansas ...
(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Songbook). The best collection ever of 70+ bluegrass standards! Includes: Alabama Jubilee • Arkansas Traveler • Bill Cheatham • Blue Moon of Kentucky • Blue Yodel No. 8 (Mule Skinner Blues) • Cripple Creek • Dark Holler • I ...
Big Book of TV Theme Songs - Piano/Vocal/Guitar
(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Songbook). 78 favorite tunes from the tube: The Addams Family Theme • Ballad of ...
(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Songbook). 78 favorite tunes from the tube: The Addams Family Theme • Ballad of Jed Clampett • The Brady Bunch • Where Everybody Knows Your Name • Cleveland Rocks • Entertainment Tonight • Theme from Frasier • I'm Popeye ...
Bob Seger - Ride Out (Piano/Vocal/Guitar)
(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Artist Songbook). This 2014 album from rock and roll legend Bob Seger reached #3 ...
(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Artist Songbook). This 2014 album from rock and roll legend Bob Seger reached #3 on the Billboard 200 album charts. Our matching songbook features all 10 songs from the album, plus three bonus songs (Listen • The Fireman's Talkin' ...
Ghost The Musical - Piano/Vocal Selections
(Vocal Selections). This folio features 13 vocal selections from the London and Broadway stage musical ...
(Vocal Selections). This folio features 13 vocal selections from the London and Broadway stage musical based on the Academy Award-winning movie. Now the new musical, featuring an original score by Glenn Ballard and Dave Stewart, has earned its own set ...
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(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Songbook). This matching folio to the popular monkey movie soundtrack features 13 songs from ...
(Piano/Vocal/Guitar Songbook). This matching folio to the popular monkey movie soundtrack features 13 songs from Jack Johnson: Broken • Lullaby • The Sharing Song • We're Going to Be Friends • Upside Down • and more. Includes eight pages of ...

value: This website is an American bookseller. It is a Fortune 1000 company and the bookseller with the largest number of retail outlets in the United States.


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Book Derag Livinghotel Königin Luise, Berlin, Germany - Hotels.comEnglish (United States)Book online or call 800-246-8357This call is free. 24 hours a day; 7 days a week.HotelsHotel DealsPackages & FlightsGroupsHotels.com® RewardsGift CardsCustomer ServiceYour bookingsHelpWebsite feedbackReview a hotelSign in & AccountSign inCreate an accountYour bookingsSaved hotelsJump toOverviewRoom choicesMapReviewsHotel informationLowest price: $51Book NowHotelsGermany HotelsBerlin HotelsDerag Livinghotel Königin LuiseAll hotels in Berlin, Germany1 room, 2 adultsDestination, hotel, landmark or addressCheck inCheck out Traveling for:WorkLeisureRooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617SearchYou can collect Hotels.com® Rewards nights hereDerag Livinghotel Königin Luise, BerlinHotelstars Union assigns an official star rating for properties in Germany. This property is rated 4 stars. Parkstr. 87, Berlin, BE, 13086, Germany, 800-491-6126Lowest price$54$51available on 02/13/16Price may be available on other datesBest Price GuaranteeBest Price Guarantee on hotel bookings. If you find a better price on exactly the same stay elsewhere we’ll match itJump to:OverviewRoom choicesMapReviewsHotel informationLobbyLobby Sitting AreaLobby Sitting AreaGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomIn-Room KitchenetteIn-Room KitchenetteLiving AreaLiving AreaLiving AreaLiving AreaBathroomBathroomBathroomChildrens Play Area - OutdoorDiningBreakfast AreaBanquet HallIndoor WeddingMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityHotel EntranceHotel EntranceGardenOutdoor DiningTerrace/PatioExteriorExteriorView from Hotel[1/51]Flag this imageSee if the hotel has anything planned that may affect your stayThe following facilities are closed until further notice:Sauna4-star hotel in Weissensee with restaurant, bar/lounge Free WiFi Main amenities195 smoke-free guestroomsRestaurant and bar/loungeRooftop terraceBreakfast availableFitness centerSelf parking24-hour business center24-hour front deskAir conditioningDaily housekeepingGardenFront desk safeWhat’s aroundIn WeissenseeAlexanderplatz (3 mi / 4.9 km)Weissensee Park (0.4 mi / 0.6 km)Sportforum (1.5 mi / 2.4 km)Lido Orankesee (1.6 mi / 2.6 km)Velodrom (2.3 mi / 3.7 km)See mapExcellent4.4 / 5AmenitiesLocationComfortFoodExcellent serviceSep 29, 2015Was just okay, Towels weren't changed after first night. Staff were great, breakfast was…Sep 20, 2015See all 841 Hotels.com reviewsTripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 4.5From 245 reviewsTripAdvisor Traveller RatingEmailSaveShareHotels.com® RewardsBook this hotel and collect nights after your stayEnter dates to check pricesHotel Info: 866-539-8117 from $51Destination, hotel, landmark or addressCheck inCheck out Traveling for:WorkLeisureRooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617Check availability Business Single Room, City ViewBusiness Plus RoomBusiness Double Room, City View (Plus)Business Double Room, City ViewFamily RoomMaisonetteBusiness Single RoomBusiness Single RoomBusiness Double RoomCheck availability Also popular with travelers from the USASee all hotels in BerlinList viewMap viewSee all hotels in BerlinAt a glanceKey factsHotel sizeThis hotel has 195 roomsThis hotel is arranged over 4 floorsArriving/leavingCheck-in time starts at 3 PMCheck-out time is 11 AMRequired at check inCredit card or cash deposit required
Free WiFi in roomsTransportationParkingSelf parking *See mapOther informationSmoke-free propertyAlso known asDerag Livinghotel KöniginDerag Livinghotel Königin LuiseDerag Livinghotel Königin Luise BerlinDerag Livinghotel Königin Luise HotelDerag Livinghotel Königin Luise Hotel BerlinPoliciesPet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation. Mandatory feesThe city of Berlin imposes a city tax of 5%. Business travelers with proof of business-related travel are exempt from this tax. Guests can contact the property using the information contained in the confirmation received after booking.Optional extrasSelf parking costs EUR 12 per night with in/out privilegesRollaway beds are available for EUR 25 per nightBreakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 14 per person (approximately)Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 12 per pet, per night (maximum EUR 5.00 per stay)Nearby Four Star Berlin hotelsGrand City Hotel Berlin East4 starsGood3.5 / 5From $58$46Holiday Inn Berlin City East - Landsberger Allee4 starsGood3.2 / 5From $69Park Plaza Prenzlauer Berg Berlin4 starsGood3.9 / 5From $88$59Berlin Base Apartments4 starsOutstanding5.0 / 5See more Four Star Berlin hotelsIn the hotelFood and drinkBreakfast (surcharge) Restaurant Bar/lounge Room service (during limited hours) Things to doFitness facilitiesPlayground on siteWorking away24-hour business centerConference space size (feet) - 7535Conference space size (meters) - 700One meeting roomServices24-hour front deskConcierge servicesTours/ticket assistanceDry cleaning/laundry serviceLaundry facilitiesFree newspapers in lobbyLuggage storageFacilitiesElevator/liftSafe-deposit box at front deskRooftop terraceGardenTelevision in common areasAccessibilityAccessible bathroomIn-room accessibilityRoll-in showerIn the roomHome comfortsClimate controlAir conditioningMinibarCoffee/tea makerIron/ironing board (on request)Sleep wellHypo-allergenic bedding availablePremium beddingFreshen upPrivate bathroomBathtub or showerFree toiletriesHair dryerBe entertainedFlat-screen TV Satellite TV channels Stay connectedDeskFree WiFiFood and drinkRefrigeratorMicrowaveKitchenetteStovetopFree bottled waterMoreDaily housekeepingIn-room safeTop Berlin hotelsmittendrin - Boutique Hotel Berlin3 starsOutstanding5.0 / 5The Circus Apartments3.5 starsOutstanding5.0 / 5From $191Gorki Apartments5 starsOutstanding4.9 / 5From $175$149Grimms Berlin Mitte3.5 starsOutstanding5.0 / 5From $73$61Recently reviewed hotels in BerlinOld Town Apartments Schönhauser Allee3.5 starsExcellent4.1 / 5From $71InterCityHotel Berlin Ostbahnhof3.5 starsExcellent4.1 / 5From $73$58TRYP Berlin Mitte4 starsExcellent4.3 / 5From $83$74Air in Berlin Hotel3 starsGood3.8 / 5From $56"Excellent for the price for budget travelers or overnight stay
location ....airport transportation ,clean .......friendly staff."Feb 2, 2016Nearby hotelsHotel Pension Streuhof Berlin2 starsGood3.4 / 5Pension Odin3 starsGood3.3 / 5From $36Fortuna0 starsNo guest ratings yetHoliday Inn Berlin City Center East Prenzlauer Allee4 starsExcellent4.1 / 5From $55Special featuresAwards and affiliationsGreen / Sustainable Property This property participates in Green Globe, a program that measures the property's impact on one or more of the following: environment, community, cultural-heritage, the local economy.Derag Livinghotel Königin Luise, Berlin’s small printAlso known asDerag Livinghotel KöniginDerag Livinghotel Königin LuiseDerag Livinghotel Königin Luise BerlinDerag Livinghotel Königin Luise HotelDerag Livinghotel Königin Luise Hotel BerlinPoliciesPet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation. Mandatory feesThe city of Berlin imposes a city tax of 5%. Business travelers with proof of business-related travel are exempt from this tax. Guests can contact the property using the information contained in the confirmation received after booking.Optional extrasSelf parking costs EUR 12 per night with in/out privilegesRollaway beds are available for EUR 25 per nightBreakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 14 per person (approximately)Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 12 per pet, per night (maximum EUR 5.00 per stay)We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Derag Livinghotel Königin Luise, BerlinIs the description of this hotel not correct? Tell usChoose one of the following to unlock Secret Prices and pay less on select hotels.EmailSign up for our latest offersHotels.com appDownload the app and book on the goHotels.com® RewardsJoin now to collect 10 nights, get 1 free*Top DestinationsNew York hotelLas Vegas hotelChicago hotelSan Francisco hotelWashington hotelBoston hotelSan Diego hotelOrlando hotelLondon hotelNew Orleans hotelLos Angeles hotelSan Antonio hotelParis hotelSeattle hotelAtlanta hotelPhiladelphia hotelAustin hotelAtlantic City hotelRome hotelMyrtle Beach hotelDallas hotelHouston hotelDenver hotelMiami hotelCustomer ServiceYour bookingsFAQsContact usWebsite feedbackReview a hotelFor Suppliers, Affiliates and the MediaAdd HotelAffiliate with usPrivate LabelPromote with UsTravel AgentsPress OfficeUser Terms and Privacy PolicyTerms & ConditionsPrivacy PolicyCookie PolicyAbout our adsAbout UsTravel GuidesTop 50 CitiesAll countriesAll hotelsSite index© 2016 Hotels.com, L.P. All rights reserved.Hotels.com and the Hotels.com logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hotels.com, LP in the U.S. and/or other countries. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.* Learn more about Hotels.com® RewardsABOUT SSL CERTIFICATES

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 Book First Hotel Grand in Odense, Denmark - 2018 Promos
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Jernbanegade 18, Odense C, Odense, Denmark, 5000 - View on map
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In several afternoon tweets, Trump drew attention to recent news stories about FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe's rumored agency exit.
Fox News confirmed that McCabe will be eligible for retirement in March, but it is not yet clear if that's his plan.
Fox News confirmed Saturday that Baker, who has served as the FBI's general counsel, was removed from his position at the agency but was not fired and will remain an FBI employee. There's no word yet on who will replace him.
Sources familiar with Baker's movement told Fox News that his re-assignment has more to do with other leak investigations than it has to do with inquiry into Russian influence in the 2016 elections.

value: This website is an American multinational conservative cable news television channel based in New York City. It is owned by Fox News Media, which itself is owned by the Fox Corporation.


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Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World Through Mindfulness by Jon Kabat-Zinn | 9781401381967 | NOOK Book (eBook) | Barnes & Noble
Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World Through Mindfulness [NOOK Book]
Overview From the bestselling author and renowned mindfulness teacher, scientist, and educator . . . a guide to living a meaningful life. This follow-up to the widely praised national bestseller Wherever You Go, There You Are is yet another revolutionary offering from Jon Kabat-Zinn, showing readers how the power of mindfulness can bring radical change to their lives. In the ...
Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World Through Mindfulness (eBook)
Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World Through Mindfulness (Reprint)
Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World Through Mindfulness Pub. Date: 1/28/2005
Letting Everything Become Your...Jon Kabat-Zinn
My Stroke of Insight: A Brain...Jill Bolte Taylor
Calming Your Anxious Mind: How...Jeffrey Brantley
Mindfulness: An Eight-Week...Mark Williams
The Mindfulness Solution:...Ronald D. Siegel
Publisher's WeeklyA passionate tour de force that blends personal experience with cutting-edge science, poetry, and insights culled from many traditions.
Publishers Weekly"For any of us, perhaps our greatest potential regret may be that of not seizing the moment and honoring it for what it is when it is here," writes bestselling author Kabat-Zinn (Full Catastrophe Living; Wherever You Go, There You Are; etc.). The scientist who pioneered the use of the Buddhist technique of mindfulness (or moment-by-moment awareness) to help patients cope with the stress and pain of illness arrived at this poignant lesson after seeing the way his father, an eminent immunologist who suffered from Alzheimer's disease, lost all sense of who he was and what was happening to him. In a passionate tour de force that blends personal experience with cutting-edge science (his own and others'), poetry and insights culled from many traditions, Kabat-Zinn sets out to awaken us to the true potential and value of a gift that most of us take for granted: sentience. Our lack of awareness of our impact on the rest of the world amounts to "a kind of auto-immune disease of the earth." Borrowing an analogy made by the neuroscientist Francisco Varela, Kabat-Zinn compares the way our immune system senses the whole of our bodily self to our potential for a mindful awareness. That is, the practice of cultivating this conscious, heightened sentience leads to the realization of our wholeness, as we begin to realize that we don't live just within the envelope of our own senses, sensations and thoughts but within the whole of all that is. Kabat-Zinn illuminates the many facets of this selfless way of being, not just with Buddhist understanding and verse but with quotes from Einstein ("A human being is a part of the whole, called by us 'Universe' "), Dickinson, Rilke and many other Western greats. Ardent, personal, frankly opinionated in places, this book seeks to wake up as individuals and as a culture. It is a treasure trove of contemporary wisdom. Author tour. (Jan.) Copyright 2004 Reed Business Information.
ISBN-13: 9781401381967
Sold by: Hachette Digital, Inc.Format: eBook Pages: 656Sales rank: 155,875File size: 4 MB
purelanded


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FORCM WEEKLY REPORT - 15 August 2011Greeting Shipmates!I want to talk about a subject that is painful but necessary. This month, we had 4Sailors take their own life. The MCPON recently sent out a memo, below is a quote fromhim."The contributing factors are too numerous and diverse to completely eliminate thisheartbreaking act with a one-size-fits-all solution. Prevention is a pervasive drumbeatcombining education, observation and engagement from all hands. The campaign isfueled by personal, persistent leadership that truly knows its people, asks toughquestions, and confronts issues before they reach critical mass. It cant just beoccasional white noise drowned out by the din of a thousand other competing priorities,nor can it be exclusively CSADD meetings or annual hour-long GMT. It requires intandem, all of those and a constant command commitment from us and a solemncovenant among Shipmates." (MPON West)I ask you and your leadership team to take a look at those in your care. Keep beatingthe drum about positive ways to handle problems and remind your Sailors that suicideis never the answer. It is like the MCPON states, “we have solemn covenant with ourShipmates,” it is part of being a Leader.Remember, you matter! Make a positive impact on someones life today!Latest UpdatesFormer Federal Reserve Official Offers Sailors Financial Advice. A former vicechairman of the Federal Reserve System board of governors spoke to 50 Chief of NavalPersonnel (CNP) staff about personal financial planning, politics, education and physicalfitness, and other topics."Its stunning how much you can save if you think about doing things the way our parentsdid," said Roger W. Ferguson, the son of an Army mapmaker who took his lunch to workevery day.Ferguson, who appeared as a part of a speaker series sponsored by the OPNAV N1 and CNPorganizations African-American Employee Resource Group, said there are no easy ways toget rich. "There are only hard ways to get rich," he said. "Its all about savings, for theaverage person."The employee resource group was established under the leadership of Vice Adm. MarkFerguson, the chief of naval personnel and deputy chief of naval operations for manpower,personnel, training and education, to encourage an open work environment and to stimulatecommunication.John Blayne, an economist on the CNP staff, attended Fergusons talk and described hisapproach as "a traditional and effective path to smart wealth management." If a person hasconcerns about saving and investing, a retirement planner can help, he said. "The importantthing is to get started and begin planning for the future".Ferguson earned a bachelors degree and a doctorate in economics, as well as a law degreefrom Harvard University, and worked in private industry before going to the FederalReserve. MONTHLY COMMUNICATION PRIORITY: PROVIDING VALUED CAPABILITIES 2.
FORCM WEEKLY REPORT - 15 August 2011He is now president and chief executive officer of TIAA-CREF, a national financial servicesorganization with approximately $470 billion in assets under management and the leadingprovider of retirement services in the academic, research, medical and cultural fields.Many people do at least two things right when it comes to retirement planning, Fergusonsaid: They start saving as soon as they enter the workforce, and they save as much as theycan – as much as 15 percent of their incomes – with every paycheck. The same people,however, make a common mistake: They invest too conservatively. Consequently, theirportfolios dont grow as they could.In his talk at CNP, thats where a discussion of politics came in.Over the past several weeks, political leaders have struggled to find solutions to problemscaused by a federal deficit and a limit on the amount of debt the federal government canassume. Those are "clear and present challenges," but they will be met, and its importantfor a person to take a long view when planning for retirement, he said."I do worry about individuals who make big moves because of the headlines of the day," hesaid. Instead, a person should assess how much risk he or she can tolerate, make aninvestment plan and stick to it, he said. Such a plan will involve basic math skills, an areain which many Americans need improvement. Math should be celebrated, Ferguson said. Itwas in his childhood home, where his father was fascinated by finance and where he grewup reading the business section of the local paper, he said.So, where does physical fitness come in? The "hardest and most vexatious" part of theretirement puzzle is health, Ferguson said. People are living longer, often 20 to 30 yearspast retirement age, but many of them have chronic medical conditions. To avoid theexpense of those conditions, "You need to be a healthy society," he said. Thats why, on histour of CNP, he was delighted to see Sailors and civilians taking advantage of the physicalfitness facilities.The First Tee National Guard and Reserve Program. A Nationwide Free Life Skills andGolf Instruction Program for Children of the National Guard and Reserves.Locate your nearest chapter of The First Tee at www.thefirsttee.org.Navy Reserve Policy Board Issue Submission. Every Sailor has the opportunity toparticipate in shaping policies which guide our Reserve Force. The Navy Reserve PolicyBoard (NRPB) meets in Norfolk to address issues provided from the field. The Policy boardreviews issues throughout the year and is your direct line of communication to the Forcepolicy makers. Electronic inputs are the preferred method and can be emailed toNRPB@navy.mil.For initial inputs, a blank issue submission form and additional guidance is available on theNRWS (private side). Just click on the link below.Thank you for your input and bringing Deckplate issues to senior Navy Leadership.https://private.navyreserve.navy.mil/3447B/n5/Shared%20Documents/n5a.aspxThe Weekly NR Employment Scorecard:https://private.navyreserve.navy.mil/3447B/n3/NR%20Employment%20for%20OCNR/Forms/AllItems.aspx MONTHLY COMMUNICATION PRIORITY: PROVIDING VALUED CAPABILITIES 3.
FORCM WEEKLY REPORT - 15 August 2011August Ready Now! Newsletter:http://www.navyreserve.navy.mil/Ready%20Now/Shared%20Documents/Newsletter.aspxAdministrative Procedures for Navy Reservists BUPERSINST 1001.39FAdministrative Procedures for the Drilling Reserve and Participating Members ofthe Individual Ready Reserve COMNAVRESFORINST 1001.5FPlease use the above links if you have any questions regarding Administrative Policy. Makesure you are up to date regarding any changes to current policy regarding your Sailors!ALNAVSCW-1 FCA Annual 2011 First Class Petty Officer Leadership SymposiumNAVADMIN239/11 SUBMISSION OF COMMAND OPERATIONS REPORTAround the ForceCommander, Naval Special Warfare Command, Rear Adm. Sean A. Pybus, released thefollowing statement Aug. 11:"Early Saturday morning, Aug. 6, Naval Special Warfare suffered a tremendous loss of 22men while conducting critical special operations combat in Afghanistan. They cannot bereplaced. We will honor their service and sacrifice, and embrace their families as our own, inthis time of immeasurable grief. The outpouring of support and sympathy from the ArmedServices, the Government, Communities and the Public is well beyond my ability to properlythank. The Naval Special Warfare Community is deeply humbled and appreciative."Our NSW men were in company with U.S. Army aircrew, U.S. Air Force para-rescue andcombat controllers, and an Afghan security element. We grieve for all of them, and admiretheir teamwork, commitment and courage. I have great hope for the future knowing thatextraordinary men dedicate themselves completely to the idea and the actions of freedomand security, not only for ourselves but for others. We are truly blessed that such menanswer a call to military service at the highest levels of professionalism and capability, butalso deeply saddened by their loss. In the days and weeks ahead, I would ask for yourthoughts, prayers and support for NSW, our Families, the Special Operations Community,and all of our Armed Forces."This month in History:Office of Naval Research was est. Aug 1, 1946.Medical Service Corps est. Aug 4, 1947.First atomic bomb dropped, Hiroshima, Japan Aug 6, 1945.U.S. Naval Academy est. Aug 15, 1845.Dental Corps est. Aug 22, 1912.Marine Corps Reserve est. Aug 29, 1916.BUMED est. Aug 31, 1842. MONTHLY COMMUNICATION PRIORITY: PROVIDING VALUED CAPABILITIES 4.
FORCM WEEKLY REPORT - 15 August 2011 As of 1 August 2011: Operational Support Snapshot RC Medical ReadinessFY11 Pres Bud End Strength 65,500 Fully Medically Ready: 85.8% (from 85.5%)RC Sailors (FTS/SELRES) Onboard: 64,785 Partially Medically Ready: 4.0% (from 4.0%)RC Sailors Performing Operational Support: 20,410 Total: 89.8% (from 89.5%)RC Sailors Mobilized or Deployed: 4503RC CPOs Mobilized 757RC Flag Officers on Active Duty: 33 MONTHLY COMMUNICATION PRIORITY: PROVIDING VALUED CAPABILITIES Recommended

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Patent US20060218324 - Systems and methods for flexible data transfers in SDIO and/or MMC - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe data communication protocols between a host and a device, such as SDIO and MMC, have been extended to include devices using embedded/external/portable HDD in addition to SD Memory Card and Multimedia Card. Instead of allowing only the host to unilaterally decide the data transfer size, embodiments...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060218324?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060218324 - Systems and methods for flexible data transfers in SDIO and/or MMCAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS20060218324 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/089,967Publication dateSep 28, 2006Filing dateMar 25, 2005Priority dateMar 25, 2005Publication number089967, 11089967, US 2006/0218324 A1, US 2006/218324 A1, US 20060218324 A1, US 20060218324A1, US 2006218324 A1, US 2006218324A1, US-A1-20060218324, US-A1-2006218324, US2006/0218324A1, US2006/218324A1, US20060218324 A1, US20060218324A1, US2006218324 A1, US2006218324A1InventorsFernando ZayasOriginal AssigneeMatsushita Electrical Industrial Co., LtdExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (3), Referenced by (42), Classifications (4), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystems and methods for flexible data transfers in SDIO and/or MMC
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE [0001] This application is related to the following publications which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties: [0002] U.S. Patent Application No. 2004/0202015, entitled “SDIO Card Development System,” by Tai et al. filed Jan. 20, 2004. [0003] “Understanding Secure Digital I/O Performance in Systems and Cards,” by Seung Yi et al, published Mar. 15, 2004. [0004] “SD Input/Output (SDIO) Card Specification,” Version 1.00, by SD Association, published October, 2001.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0005] The present invention relates to data communication between an appliance and a storage device. BACKGROUND [0006] The proliferation of feature-rich mobile devices with ever-increasing processing capabilities has created a desire by consumers who increasingly demand for expansion of options to increase capacity (storage) or capabilities (features). As mobile devices become more powerful, the line between a single function consumer electronic device and a more general computing device also becomes blurred as demands grow for thinner and lighter devices via the latest I/O expansion technologies. Consequently, the expansion of storage devices starting with memory storage in the form of memory cards utilizing low cost NAND flash technology, such as Secure Digital (SD) Memory and Multimedia Memory Card (MMC), has now extended to (external/portable) hard disk drives (HDD). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0007] FIG. 1 is a functional diagram showing components of a host and a card in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. [0008] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary MMC and SD memory card. [0009] FIG. 3 is a is a functional diagram showing components of a hard disk drive that can be used in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. [0010] FIG. 4 shows a flow chart that can be used for flexible data communication between the host and the HDD in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0011] The expansion of the mobile devices demands the standardization of I/O expansion in mobile devices. These mobile devices include, but are not limited to, digital cameras, personal digital assistants (PDA), smart phones, personal computers (PC), laptop/desktop, digital video devices, and portable audio devices, and will be referred to collectively as “host (device or appliance)” 100 in FIG. 1. Previously I/O expansion in mobile devices consisted of proprietary hardware/software interfaces, typically only available to the specific manufacturer and in many cases to a specific device model. Soon afterwards, a generation of devices offered a relatively painless way to incorporate PCMCIA standards to a more mobile-friendly form factor. Card-shaped peripherals are referred to simply as “cards” 110 in FIG. 1, which may include but are not limited to, Multimedia Memory Card (MMC) 200 and SD Memory Card 201 and as shown in FIG. 2, although they may now also include external/portable HDDs as shown later in FIG. 3. [0012] At present, there are two international standards for SD-related devices: (1) the SD memory standard for memory devices and, (2) the SDIO standard for input/output (SDIO) devices, which is an extension of the SD memory card standard and covers input/output (I/O) functions as well as memory functions. Introduced in the later part of 2001, SDIO is an evolutionary offshoot of Secure Digital (SD) memory technology offering device manufacturers a convenient way to support memory, I/O cards and HDDs in the same slot 101. Based on similar electronics and mechanical features borrowed from the original SD memory card specification, SDIO extends the specification to meet I/O specific requirements in terms of power, plug and play, and I/O commands and signals. The addition of I/O expansion capability to an SD memory slot can be implemented at minimal incremental cost, largely due to the availability of compatible hosts. [0013] Secure Digital I/O has its roots in Secure Digital Memory Card and Multimedia Memory Card technology. The MMC format was designed as a low pin count, low power, thin profile non-volatile storage card standard. The electrical interface is a simple direct CMOS/TTL logic-drive serial bus based on two open synchronous serial protocols: the industry standard Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and the new Multimedia Card native interface. MMC cards must support both protocols. The intent for having both protocols was to initially design card readers and mobile devices using preexisting off-the-shelf controllers supporting SPI mode. SPI however is a non-optimal implementation as many SPI controllers are limited in speed (˜2-8 MHz) and capability (e.g. no hardware CRC generation). SPI lacks any built-in data read/write flow control and requires additional software to manage simple data transfers. The MMC native interface solves many of these problems by requiring controllers to have built-in CRC generation and data flow control (read start and write acknowledgement bits). The data rate was increased to support clock rates up to 20 MHz, translating into an effective transfer bit rate of 20 Mb/sec. MMC in SPI and native modes use 7 pins and the SPI signals are shared with the native signals. A device can be placed in SPI mode when a special command is issued while the SPI chip select pin signal is driven low. [0014] The Secure Digital I/O standard extends the SD specification to also support I/O peripherals such as bar code scanners, cameras, wireless adapters, GPS modules, and now laptops/notebooks that can be connected to external/portable HDDs. Secure digital I/O and SD Memory cards still support the SPI 1-bit native electrical interfaces, but adds a higher performance 4-bit interface at 25 MHz. This effectively provides 100 Mb/sec transfer rates. Secure Digital I/O and Memory cards are slightly thicker and provide a mechanical write protect switch. SD I/O and Memory card pins share the same 7 pins with MMC cards with the addition of 2 pins to support the 4-bit interface. SD and MMC cards may use a single card slot that supports both pin arrangements. SD I/O and Memory cards can be used in systems with legacy SPI controllers, however they will operate with lower performance. Software handles the differences in the use of each card type. [0015] The SDIO standard may use the same 9-pin slot connector 101 and slot mechanics as Secure Digital Memory format and defines new I/O signaling protocols over existing pins. The SDIO card form factor allows for an extended region to house electronics, RF components, camera lens assemblies, or connectors/antennas. Fundamentally SDIO use the same transport electrical interface, SPI or SD native with the addition of a few new I/O specific commands and signaling mechanisms. To meet the requirements of asynchronous signaling, the standard introduces I/O signaling for Interrupts and data read suspending (Read/Wait). The SDIO standard contains simple, elementary changes allowing existing SD/MMC controllers to be retrofitted into functional SDIO controllers with some “acceptable” limitations. SDIO defines the same SD base clock rate of 25 MHz and uses 1 or 4 data pins. SDIO also defines a low speed card type that uses a 400 KHz clock and a fixed 1-bit mode of operation (4-bit is optional). SDIO bus topology is similar to SD and many of the signals can be bussed, however due to complexities that interrupt signaling, read wait protocol and I/O clock matching introduce, it is highly recommended that the SDIO card slots be used in a point-to-point topology. [0016] SDIO may adopt a “plug and play” architecture with methods for an operating system 102 on the host 100 to load appropriate control software based on information located in the common register set or Card Information Structure (CIS) 111 on the card 110. The CIS is a non-volatile memory region, accessible byte-wide, containing card or function specific meta-data. Each device has a common CIS along with one function specific CIS for each function on the card. A plug and play manager may be interested in the common CIS for device class, manufacturer ID, or power information, while a function driver may be interested in the function CIS for application specific parameters (i.e. MAC address, function capabilities). Control software can also be loaded into non-volatile memory on the card (beyond the CIS), however due to the different operating systems that a card may encounter, this feature is rarely, if ever, used. SDIO defines standard device classes that expose a known register set and card behavior for control software (drivers). An operating system can support standard devices from a range of card manufacturers using a single class driver. [0017] The major functions provided by the control software may include but are not limited to the following: (1) configuration of the SDIO host (i.e., configuring the SDIO host for 1-bit and 4-bit modes, time-out modes, and configuring data length modes); (2) initialization of the connection between the SDIO host and the target SDIO card (i.e., recognizing card type such as a SD memory card or an external/portable HDD) and interpreting commands such as CMD0, CMD5, ACMD41, CMD2, CMD3, etc.; (3) setting of SDIO host commands such as CMD52, CMD53, etc. and transmission of these commands to the target SDIO device; (4) monitoring of responses (i.e., response signals) from the target SDIO card to the host commands from the SDIO host; (5) outputting of communication logs regarding communications (i.e., generating and outputting a trace report or transaction record) between the SDIO host and the target SDIO card; and (6) testing on stress between the SDIO host and the target SDIO device (i.e., multiple transfer testing on a plurality of commands). [0018] An SDIO host controller 103 transforms software SD command requests into an SD or SPI bit stream to the CIS of the target card. The host controller issues start and stop bits (framing), drives the clock and in most implementations (except SPI) a hardware generated check code follows commands and/or data. The host controller may also use buffers 104 to accommodate incoming responses and/or data frames from target cards. Aside from the SD clock rate, host performance can be affected by the modes in which data is transferred (Programmed I/O or Direct Memory Access) and the number of interrupts required per transaction. [0019] Programmed I/O requires bus data to flow through the processor onto the controller through a set of registers (i.e. a Data port). A data port may be a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) allowing the processor to rapidly load data and wait for the controller to complete the transfer. The size of the FIFO can greatly impact programmed I/O performance since it effectively determines the number of interrupts for each transaction. A FIFO empty or full interrupt requires attention from the processor's interrupt service routine to reload or drain the FIFOs. A system should minimally support a 512-byte FIFO size for optimal SD card performance, which translates into 1 interrupt per block in a multi-block data transfer. The consequence of programmed I/O is more apparent when trying to fully utilize the available SD bus bandwidth. Each time a FIFO becomes full or empty the SD bus is effectively paused until the interrupt routine can reload or drain the FIFO. In most designs as soon as the FIFO is filled with at least 1 byte, the transfer can continue immediately. Increasingly faster processors and the use of real time OS are reducing/limiting interrupt latency times making this overhead negligible in comparison to the SD transfer time. [0020] Direct memory access (DMA) can reduce the need for internal FIFO buffers as system memory can be used directly in the transfer. This can greatly reduce the number of interrupts per transfer as the DMA controller can transfer the entire data payload autonomously. DMA can be implemented using a common buffer approach, essentially a fixed size contiguous block of memory for DMA use, or through a scatter-gather approach using scattered memory pages mapped into a virtual memory system. The later requires the fewest number of interrupts but is the most complex to implement in terms of software and hardware. DMA controllers are complex and many system-on-chip designs are limited in their use of DMA. A host controller can implement its own bus mastering DMA (i.e. PCI Local Bus) or require a discrete multi-channel DMA controller to shuttle data to and from main memory to an internal or external bus (internal SoC bus). [0021] A card may typically include a buffer 112 to store data ready for read/write by the host, as well as a storage medium 114 to permanently store the data after the read/write operation is complete. Such storage medium can be NAND flash in case of a SD/MMC card, optical disk, laser-recordable disk, or magnetic surfaces of hard disks in case of HDD. In addition, a card may also include an SDIO controller 113 on the card-side that implements functions needed for peripherals to comply with the SDIO standard and to connect to SDIO host devices. The controller processes SD commands and performs translation, wear leveling tasks, and outputs the appropriate read/erase/write commands to the storage medium. It utilizes embedded software stored in, as a non-limiting example, ROM, to perform the complex wear leveling algorithm and bad block handling. Typically a manufacturer uses one controller for many different card sizes as the internal software can determine the storage medium size by some configuration means. [0022] As mentioned earlier, SDIO (as well as MMC) can also be extended to storage devices other than flash memory cards, especially external/portable HDDs. For a non-limiting example, a typical hard disk drive 300, as shown in FIG. 3, includes at least one magnetic disk 302 capable of storing information on at least one of the surfaces of the disk. A closed-loop servo system can be used to move an actuator arm 306 and data head 304 over the surface of the disk, such that information can be written to, and read from, the surface of the disk. The closed-loop servo system can contain, for example, a voice coil motor driver 308 to drive current through a voice coil motor (not shown) in order to drive the actuator arm, a spindle motor driver 312 to drive current through a spindle motor (not shown) in order to rotate the disk(s), a microprocessor 320 to control the motors, and a disk controller 318 to transfer information between the microprocessor, buffer memory 310, read channel 314, and a host 100. A host can be any device, apparatus, or system capable of utilizing the data storage device, such as a personal computer or Web server or consumer electronics device. The drive can contain at least one processor, or microprocessor 320, that can process information for the disk controller 318, read/write channel 314, VCM driver 308, or spindle driver 312. The microprocessor can also include a servo controller, which can exist as an algorithm resident in the microprocessor 320. The disk controller 318, which can store information in buffer memory 310 resident in the drive, can also provide user data to a read/write channel 314, which can send data signals to a current amplifier or preamp 316 to be written to the disk(s) 302, and can send servo and/or user data signals back to the disk controller 318. A controller for the data storage device can include the disk controller 318 and/or processor 320. The controller can be on one or multiple chips. In one embodiment, a controller chip contains SRAM while DRAM and FLASH are external to the chip. Other memory arrangements can also be used. In another embodiment, all the electronics shown in FIG. 3 can be located in a single “System on a Chip” (SoC). [0023] HDD can use IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics), also know as ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment), which is a standard electronic interface to communicate with the host. The IDE interface is based on the IBM PC Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) 16-bit bus standard, but it is also used in computers that use other bus standards. Most computers sold today use an enhanced version of IDE called Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE). Even in small appliances, such as cellular phones, the ATA (IDE) interface still exists and is presented to the host appliance over the SDIO or MMC bus. [0024] To the host, a HDD device can be regarded as a R/W memory device that has a fixed set of sectors, which are typically 512 bytes in size. A sector is addressed by logical block address (LBA). The logical blocks (the memory) of a HDD are numbered from 0 to the maximum block number. The management of manufacturing detected media defects is done entirely by the HDD without intervention or knowledge of the host. The logical block memory space is thus error-free in most cases. In rare cases, a block cannot be read because the power was removed from the HDD during a write or the data was written wrong during a shock. Rewriting the block will correct these problems and reading after writing will confirm these problems did not occur. [0025] A read or write operation can be accomplished by writing the ATA task file with the starting LBA, the number of sectors to transfer, and the command opcode. Data related to the command is moved by one or more block data move commands in block/sector sized chunks where the sector size typically matches the block size. In other words, when the block data move command moves data, it moves data in both sector units and block units. Upon completion of the command, the task file tells the host if the command succeeded or not. [0026] When a HDD is plugged into a SD slot originally designed for SD cards, the host may communicate with the HDD that speaks ATA commands by using SDIO to transport ATA data and commands between the host and HDD (In some embodiments, the HDD can be embedded in the host appliance with the SDIO interface not externally visible). In other words, the SDIO standard can be used as a “pipe” carrying ATA protocols so that the host and the HDD can communicate. Using HDD in place of a flash card enables more efficient and larger volume of storage access utilizing the same physical interfaces. [0027] SDIO may use command opcode such as CMD53 to move data between the card (HDD) and the host. In MMC, similar commands are called CMD56 and CMD61. This command specifies, among other things, the number of blocks of data to move (in the case of an HDD, a block could be a sector of data as previously discussed). Such command typically allows the host to move all the blocks of data for a given ATA command. In addition, it allows the reading or writing of a large number of I/O registers with a single command. Since it is a block mode transfer command, it provides the highest possible transfer rate. [0028] SDIO defines CMD53 in two modes of operation, non-block (byte mode) and block mode and it may choose to use single block (or byte mode) or multi-block mode for data transfers primarily based on application requirements, cost and complexity. Non-block mode or byte mode is just a single block with a limited block payload that can be varied at any time. In byte mode, a single block can be issued with 1-512 bytes at any time. In block mode a system can send a single or multiple blocks with a size of 1-2048 bytes per block. The later mode however requires the programming of the I/O Block size register with the expected bytes per block. The block size is then fixed for each block for the entire duration of the transfer. In systems where partial blocks may be issued, the transfer is broken down into two transfers: one with blocks of the same length and a final block with the remaining bytes. In between these two transactions, the I/O Block size register must be reprogrammed with the remaining size. Data padding in the remaining block, up to the block size, can eliminate the need for separate transactions and reduce overhead. [0029] The difference between a single block 2048-byte transfer versus a multi-block transfer consisting of 4 blocks of 512 bytes each arises from a combination of the host-side controller and the card-side controller design. From a software perspective, there is little difference since they both consist of issuing one CMD53 and transferring the same amount of data (2048 bytes). On the card controller side, the multi-block approach can reduce the card's buffering requirement since each block (512 bytes) requires a write complete acknowledgement. The acknowledgement can delay the host from sending the next block until the card is ready. A single block of 2048 bytes would require the card to minimally buffer the entire 2048 bytes since the card cannot signal the host to “back-off” until the write acknowledgement phase occurs at the end of the block transfer. Most host systems have 500 to 1000 milliseconds timeout delays for write acknowledgement. If a card can process and free buffers within that amount of time then using the multi-block transfer mechanism can reduce card-side buffering requirements. With regard to the host controller, some unforeseen processing overhead may be encountered due to its design. If the host controller FIFO is only 512 bytes, the number of interrupts to load the FIFO will be roughly the same between the two transfer modes. In some host controller designs the usable FIFO space is limited to the block length and is even imposed on multi-block transfers. This limitation would waste most of the space in a 2048-byte FIFO since it requires that the FIFO be reloaded/drained on the transfer of each block-size (in our 512-byte, multi-block example) worth of data. This limitation is present in some real-world controller designs for the sake of simplicity but is not recommended. [0030] The byte mode or multi-block mode data transfer using is CMD53 similar to the data transfer to/from memory. For the byte mode, byte count for this transfer is set in the command, rather than the fixed block size. Thus, the size of the data payload will be in the range of 1-512 bytes. For the block mode, the only difference is that for a fixed block count, the host does not need to stop the transfer, as it will continue until the block count is satisfied. If the block count is set to zero, the operation is identical to the memory mode in that the host must stop the transfer. The host can determine what length to put into a CMD53 by obtaining the length from the header from inside the device or knows itself how large the payload is. [0031] Under many existing block-based data communication approaches, the host may specify the number of blocks to read from/write to the HDD based on the read or write request, pass that transfer size to the ATA task file for a read/write operation, and use this same transfer size in the block transfer command (e.g., CMD53). One deficiency of such approaches is that, the host unilaterally decides how many blocks of data to read/write without feedback from the opposing side. Unlike flash card, which may be willing to accept any number of sectors in a transfer, HDD might not want to take, in case of a write operation initiated by the host, more than it can buffer in its memory at any one time. For example, if the buffer (memory) of the HDD can only store 50 sectors of data while the host wants to transfer 51 sectors, HDD may ask the host not to give more than 50 sectors and put the last sector on hold until the first 50 sectors in the buffer have been processed. In case of a read operation initiated by the host, the HDD may also want to limit the size of transfer to the data available in its buffer before its head could move to another track to retrieve the rest of the data requested. On the other hand, the host may have its own reasons to restrict the size of a transfer under CMD53 to be smaller than what the HDD is ready to provide. [0032] Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention offer an improvement over the various ways data can be moved under SDIO. A combination of features is proposed to SDIO for a more flexible way to move data, which allows the host and HDD to each select a mutually agreed data transfer size that can be less than the full size the opposing side is asking for during a read/write command. Such an approach is similar to a hand-shaking protocol in SDIO format. It provides means for dynamic flow control of data communication when the buffer size of the HDD is unknown. Since MMC and SDIO are so similar in many aspects, the same feature could be added to MMC as well. [0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the host can use SDIO (or another interface, such as MMC) as the transport layer to communicate with the HDD. After the host sends a SDIO wrapped ATA read/write command to the HDD with a known length of transfer: A) The HDD can inform the host, via a register readable by CMD52 (in the case of SDIO), that the length of transfer to use should be LESS THAN the entire size of the read or write command. B) The host may: 1. issue to the HDD a CMD53 (in the case of SDIO) to read from the. HDD the number of blocks HDD is willing to accept or transfer at this time, and set the size of the transfer in the CMD53 to that number; or 2. limit the transfer size to be further less than the HDD wants because of the host's own constraints by issuing a CMD53 that can have a block count that may be LESS THAN the size of the CMD53 block count the HDD requested the host use. [0038] In other words, the HDD may tell the host what it would like to transfer, and the host may respond by limiting the number of blocks to be moved by CMD53 to be less than or equal to that transfer length, limiting the size of the transfer for its own reasons. As a non-limiting example, the host may want to write 100 blocks of data while HDD indicates that it can only handle 40 blocks right now. The host may then inform the HDD that it only has 30 blocks handy to provide to HDD and the rest will be provided later. Such an approach is elegant, efficient, and does not require modifications to drivers above the SDIO/MMC transport layer. [0039] In some embodiments, the HDD may provide the host with the number of blocks it would like to transfer in a register apart from the ATA task file. The HDD could just as well provide the information in the SECTOR COUNT register of the ATA task file. [0040] FIG. 4 shows a flow chart that can be used for flexible data communication between the host and the HDD in accordance with the present invention. At step 401, the host may initiate a read/write operation to the HDD in the form of an ATA command sent to an ATA task file via, for a non-limiting example, CMD52 with a specified data transfer size. Upon receiving such command, the HDD may examine at step 402, the availability of its buffer as well as the position of its read/write head among other relevant factors, to determine if the requested data transfer size is larger than what it is willing to accept at this point of time. If the data transfer size requested by the host is larger than the HDD is prepared to handle, the HDD may limit the size of the transfer at step 403 and communicate the new size to the host at step 404. Upon receiving the data transfer size revised by the HDD, the host may compare it to the transfer size it has in mind based on it own reasoning at the time at step 405. If the two sizes are different, the host may revise it again to what it is willing to provide/process at the moment at step 406 and issue a data transfer command such as CMD53 to the HDD containing the negotiated data transfer size at step 407. Finally, the HDD will execute the read/write command, transfer the data associated with the command, and provide the result (feedback) of the execution of the command to the host at step 408. [0041] Although embodiments described herein refer generally to systems having a read/write head that can be used to write bursts on rotating medium (magnetic media), similar advantages can be obtained with other such data storage systems or devices. For example, a laser writing information to an optical media can take advantage of additional passes when writing position information. Any media, or at least any rotating media in a single and/or multi-headed disk drive, upon which information is written, placed, or stored, may be able to take advantage of embodiments of the present invention. [0042] The foregoing description of preferred embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications that are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalence. 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Zloty Weakens as Yields Decline on Global Growth, Rate Cut Talks - Bloomberg
Bloomberg Anywhere Remote LoginDownload SoftwareService Center MENU Homepage Markets Stocks Currencies Commodities Rates + Bonds Economics Magazine Benchmark Watchlist Economic Calendar Tech U.S. Global Startups Cybersecurity Digital Media Bloomberg Technology TV Hello World Studio 1.0 Pursuits Cars & Bikes Style & Grooming Spend Watches & Gadgets Food & Drinks Travel Real Estate Art & Design Politics Global Risk Briefing How We’ll Know if Trump Is Making America Great Again Tracking Trump’s Web of Conflicts The Inauguration of Donald J. Trump On the March in Trump’s Capital Opinion View Gadfly Businessweek Subscribe Cover Stories Opening Remarks Etc Features 85th Anniversary Issue Behind The Cover More Science + Energy Graphics Billionaires Game Plan Small Business Personal Finance Live TV Inspire GO The David Rubenstein Show Sponsored Content Bloomberg About The Company Sign In Sign In Subscribe Zloty Weakens as Yields Decline on Global Growth, Rate Cut Talks
January 16, 2013, 12:31 PM EST
The zloty eased and bond yields declined as the World Bank reduced its global growth forecast and amid mounting expectations the Polish central bank will cut interest rates next month.
The zloty lost 0.2 percent, weakening for the fourth day in five, to 4.1217 per euro at 6:17 a.m. in Warsaw. Yields on 10-year notes fell 1 basis point, or 0.01 percentage point, to 4.02 percent, increasing for a second day.
Emerging-market stocks fell as the World Bank projected the global economy will expand 2.4 percent this year, down from a June forecast of 3 percent. Poland’s inflation rate fell to 2.4 percent, below the central bank’s target, a report showed yesterday, bolstering expectations for a fourth rate cut in as many months in February.
“The zloty is suffering from deteriorating sentiment globally,” Joanna Bachert, an analyst at PKO Bank Polski SA, said in an e-mailed report today from Warsaw. “It’s also due to expectations for a rate cut and technical factors as the euro has built a strong support at 4.1 zloty.”

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text: Patent US20020049049 - System for delivering wireless information services to messaging devices - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA system for delivering information services is provided having a service provider capable of sending directory messages and information service messages to wireless messaging devices through one or more regional transmission systems. The directory messages define a directory of information service which...http://www.google.com/patents/US20020049049?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20020049049 - System for delivering wireless information services to messaging devicesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20020049049 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 09/957,855Publication dateApr 25, 2002Filing dateSep 21, 2001Priority dateSep 22, 2000Also published asWO2002025386A1, WO2002025386A8Publication number09957855, 957855, US 2002/0049049 A1, US 2002/049049 A1, US 20020049049 A1, US 20020049049A1, US 2002049049 A1, US 2002049049A1, US-A1-20020049049, US-A1-2002049049, US2002/0049049A1, US2002/049049A1, US20020049049 A1, US20020049049A1, US2002049049 A1, US2002049049A1InventorsJoel Sandahl, Ransom Stephens, Thomas MezgerOriginal AssigneeSandahl Joel E., Stephens Ransom W., Mezger Thomas F.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (22), Classifications (7), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem for delivering wireless information services to messaging devices