text: Patent US6839023 - Network support for access to location information of a mobile device - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsGeographic coordinates of user equipment of a paged party are determined either by communicating with a GPS receiver associated with the user equipment of the paged party or by cellular triangulation. The geographic coordinates may be converted into an associated common location description. For example...http://www.google.com/patents/US6839023?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6839023 - Network support for access to location information of a mobile deviceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6839023 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/696,065Publication dateJan 4, 2005Filing dateOct 29, 2003Priority dateJun 23, 2003Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20040257274Publication number10696065, 696065, US 6839023 B1, US 6839023B1, US-B1-6839023, US6839023 B1, US6839023B1InventorsDavid S. Benco, Kevin J. Overend, Baoling S. Sheen, Sandra Lynn True, Kenneth J. VoightOriginal AssigneeLucent Technologies Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (9), Referenced by (17), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetNetwork support for access to location information of a mobile device


text:
Syringe Grey Thermal Grease Paste Compound Silica Gel for CPU Chip Heatsiink MT | eBay
10PCS High Performance Thermal Grease CPU Heatsink Compound Paste Syringe
High Performance Thermal Grease CPU Heatsink Compound Paste Syringe 1g
1pc Top Quality Sinks for The CPU 30g Silica Gel Gray Thermal Grease Co TGL
motel268 (289189 )
Details about Syringe Grey Thermal Grease Paste Compound Silica Gel for CPU Chip Heatsiink MT
“Thermal Grease,CPU Heatsink,Thermal Grease For CPU Heatsink,Heat Sink Tube,Grey Thermal ”
Laptop CPU Cooler Graphics Card Heat-Sink Radiator 2pcs Heat Dissipation Pad
DC 12V 3 Pin CPU Cooling Fan For PC Computer Quiet CPU Cooler for Desktop
Laptop CPU Cooler Graphics Card Heat-Sink Radiator 2pcs Adhesive Thermal Pad
202648577623
Last updated on Aug 24, 2019 00:35:10 PDT View all revisions
“Thermal Grease,CPU Heatsink,Thermal Grease For CPU Heatsink,Heat Sink Tube,Grey Thermal Grease,Thermal Grease,Paste Compound Silicone,CPU Heatsink,Conductive Compound,CPU Chip Heatsiink,Thermal Grease,CPU Heatsink,Thermal Grease For CPU Heatsink,Heat Sink Tube,Grey Thermal Grease,Thermal Grease,Paste Compound Silicone,CPU Heatsink,Conductive Compound,CPU Chip Heatsiink”
Type: Thermal Grease Paste Compound Silicone Capacity: 30g
Large Syringe Indiana Medical Syringes

type: global

value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
Shandon, CA Carpet & Flooring
144 Shandon, CA Carpet and Flooring Manufacturers and Showrooms
1 Review	(559) 997-1024	Hanford, CA, 93230, United States50 miles from Shandon
RYAN'S CARPET TILE & UPHOLSTERY CLEANING
1 Review	(559) 584-3087	Hanford, CA, 93230, United States50 miles from Shandon
(805) 226-9472	Paso Robles, CA, 93446, United States16 miles from Shandon
Edward Jones - Financial Advisor - Paso Robles
(805) 238-0965	Paso Robles, CA, 93446, United States18 miles from Shandon
(805) 466-2447	Paso Robles, CA, 93446, United States18 miles from Shandon
(805) 239-2447	Paso Robles, CA, 93446, United States18 miles from Shandon
(805) 237-2044	Paso Robles, CA, 93446, United States18 miles from Shandon
(805) 237-8932	Paso Robles, CA, 93446, United States18 miles from Shandon
Edward Jones - Financial Advisor: Sandra K Cade
(805) 226-8225	Paso Robles, CA, 93446, United States18 miles from Shandon
Paso Rolles
(805) 467-2776	Paso Robles, CA, 93446, United States19 miles from Shandon
Paso Robbes
Paso Robles Floor Co.
Floor Company & Supply
List your business here for free - Learn More 12345678910Next Page Carpet Installer near Shandon
San Luis Obispo Carpet Installer · Atascadero Carpet Installer · Paso Robles Carpet Installer · Arroyo Grande Carpet Installer · Avenal Carpet Installer · Grover Beach Carpet Installer · Morro Bay Carpet Installer · Templeton Carpet Installer · Pismo Beach Carpet Installer · San Miguel Carpet Installer · Garden Farms Carpet Installer · Whitley Gardens Carpet Installer · Bradley Carpet Installer · Kettleman City Carpet Installer · Creston Carpet Installer · Los Osos Carpet Installer · Santa Margarita Carpet Installer	Professional Categories in Shandon

value: This website is an American website, online community and software for architecture; interior design and decorating; landscape design and home improvement. It was founded in 2009 and is based in Palo Alto, California.


text:
Patent US20060241610 - Interspinous process spacer - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsEmbodiments of an interspinous spacer that maintains spacing between a superior vertebra and inferior vertebra following a laminectomy. The interspinous spacer may include a superior arch engaging the spinous process of a superior vertebra and an inferior arch engaging the spinous process of an inferior...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060241610?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060241610 - Interspinous process spacerAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS20060241610 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/102,396Publication dateOct 26, 2006Filing dateApr 8, 2005Priority dateApr 8, 2005Also published asUS7862590, WO2006110767A1Publication number102396, 11102396, US 2006/0241610 A1, US 2006/241610 A1, US 20060241610 A1, US 20060241610A1, US 2006241610 A1, US 2006241610A1, US-A1-20060241610, US-A1-2006241610, US2006/0241610A1, US2006/241610A1, US20060241610 A1, US20060241610A1, US2006241610 A1, US2006241610A1InventorsRoy Lim, Michael ShermanOriginal AssigneeSdgi Holdings, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (28), Referenced by (86), Classifications (10), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetInterspinous process spacer
US 20060241610 A1Abstract
Embodiments of an interspinous spacer that maintains spacing between a superior vertebra and inferior vertebra following a laminectomy. The interspinous spacer may include a superior arch engaging the spinous process of a superior vertebra and an inferior arch engaging the spinous process of an inferior vertebra. The superior arch and inferior arch may define a central opening in the interspinous spacer. Images(11) Claims(33)
BACKGROUND [0001] The laminae are a part of the posterior arch of the vertebrae. The laminae comprise two flattened plates that extend medially from the pedicles and meet at the spinous process to form the posterior wall of the spinal foramen. A laminectomy is a procedure to remove all or part of the lamina and spinous process. This procedure is commonly performed to remove an intervertebral disc, or to decompress a nerve root. Following a decompression laminectomy, a spinal fusion is typically required to stabilize the spine, which results in some loss of mobility. There is therefore a need for a prosthetic device that can stabilize the spine following a laminectomy while maintaining some degree of flexibility. SUMMARY [0002] Embodiments of an interspinous spacer that maintains spacing between a superior vertebra and inferior vertebra following a laminectomy. The interspinous spacer may include a superior arch engaging the spinous process of a superior vertebra and an inferior arch engaging the spinous process of an inferior vertebra. The superior arch and inferior arch may define a central opening in the interspinous spacer. In one exemplary embodiment, the superior arch and inferior arch may be provided with a saddle to receive the spinous processes of the adjacent superior and inferior vertebrae. Tethers may retain the spinous processes of the adjacent vertebra in the saddles. [0003] In another exemplary embodiment, anchor plates may be disposed at the junction of the superior and inferior arches of the interspinous spacer for attaching the interspinous spacer to the pedicles of the compromised vertebra. The anchor plates may include openings for pedicle screws. The pedicle screws may pass through the openings in the anchor plates and thread into the pedicles to secure the interspinous spacer to the pedicles. Alternatively, or in addition, the interspinous spacer may include tethers that loop around the transverse processes of the compromised vertebra. A second set of tethers may pass around the spinous processes of the adjacent superior and inferior vertebrae.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0004] FIG. 1 illustrates a vertebra as seen from above. [0005] FIG. 2 illustrates two adjacent vertebrae as seen from one side. [0006] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary interspinous spacer according to one embodiment. [0007] FIGS. 4-8 illustrate a laminectomy procedure using the interspinous spacer shown in FIG. 3. [0008] FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate a tether used to secure the interspinous spacer. [0009] FIG. 10 illustrates an alternate method of securing the interspinous spacer shown in FIG. 3. [0010] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary interspinous spacer according to one embodiment. [0011] FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary interspinous spacer according to one embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0012] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the structure of a vertebra indicated generally by the numeral 10. The vertebra 10 comprises vertebral body 12 and a vertebral arch 14. The vertebral body 12 comprises a dense ring of cortical bone 16 surrounding cancellous bone 18. The vertebral arch comprises the pedicles 20 and laminae 22, which together form an arch, and various spinal processes 26-32 that provide attachment points for ligaments and tendons. The pedicles 20 extend posteriorly from the lateral margins of the vertebral body 12. The laminae 22 extend medially from the pedicles 20 and form the posterior wall of the spinal foramen 24. The spinal processes include the spinous process 26, two transverse processes 28, and four articular processes 30, 32. The spinous process 26 extends posteriorly form the junction of the laminae 22. The transverse processes 28 extend laterally from respective pedicles. The superior articular processes 30 and inferior articular processes 32 extend from the junction of the pedicles 20 and laminae 22. The superior articular processes 30 of one vertebra 10 join with the inferior articular processes 32 of an adjacent vertebra 10 to form articulating joints called facet joints. The facet joints work in combination with the intervertebral disc 34 to allow relative movement of the vertebrae 10. [0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an interspinous spacer 50 to stabilize the spine following a laminectomy. In a typical laminectomy, the laminae 22 and spirious process 26 of one or more vertebrae 10 are removed creating a void between remaining superior vertebra and inferior vertebrae 10 adjacent the void. The interspinous spacer 50 shown in FIG. 3 is designed to replace one lamina 22, however, those skilled in the art will recognize that the same design may be used to replace two or more consecutive lamina 22. The interspinous spacer 50 may be secured by pedicles screws 56, tethers 80, or by a combination of pedicle screws 56 and tethers 80. [0014] The interspinous spacer 50 comprises a pair of anchoring plates 52 connected together by a superior arch 60 and an inferior arch 70. The anchoring plates 52 may include an opening 54 to accommodate pedicle screws 56, tethers 80 or other fastening devices for fastening the interspinous spacer 50 to the compromised vertebra 10. The superior arch 60 and inferior arch 70 define a fully enclosed central opening 90. The superior arch 60 and inferior arch 70 each include a saddle indicated respectively at 62 and 72. The saddle 62 in the superior arch 60 receives the spinous process 26 of a superior vertebra 10, while the saddle 72 in the inferior arch 72 receives the spinous process 26 of an inferior vertebra 10. Small passages 64, 74 may be formed in the superior and inferior arches 60, 70 for tethers 80. The engagement of the spinous processes 26 of the superior and inferior vertebra 10 maintains the desired spacing between the superior and inferior vertebrae 10 and prevents compression of the nerve root. The saddles 62, 72 capture the spinous process 26 in a way that allows the spine to flex in the sagittal plane, but limits bending or shifting in the coronal plane. Further, the superior and inferior arches 60, 70 may flex slightly allowing some vertical compression of the interspinous spacer 50. [0015] In one embodiment, the entire interspinous spacer 50 is a unitary construction made of a rigid or semi-rigid material to stabilize the spine. One suitable material is polyetheretherketone (PEEK), which is a semi-rigid material with some flexibility. In other embodiments, the saddles 62,72 may be constructed as separate components and fastened to the superior and inferior arches 60, 70. For example, the saddles 62, 72 can be made of silicon with a polyethylene cover, and may be mounted to the interspinous spacer 50 as shown in FIG. 12. [0016] FIGS. 4-8 illustrate steps in a laminectomy procedure using the interspinous spacer 50. FIG. 4 illustrates a portion of the lumbar spine. In this example, the L4 vertebra 10 requires a laminectomy. FIG. 5 illustrates the lumbar spine with the lamina 22 and spinous process 26 of the L4 vertebrae 10 removed creating a void between the L3 and L5 vertebrae 10. With the lamina 22 removed, the spine is unstable. In FIG. 6, the interspinous spacer 50 is positioned between the L3 and L5 vertebrae 10 to maintain decompression of the spinal canal. The saddles 62 and 72 of the superior arch and inferior arch receive, respectively, the spinous processes 26 of the L3 and L5 vertebrae 10. In FIGS. 7 and 8, pedicle screws 56 are inserted through screw holes in the anchor plates 52 to firmly attach the interspinous spacer 50 to the pedicles 20 of the compromised L4 vertebra 10. To complete the procedure, tethers 80 are looped around the spinous processes 26 of the L3 and L5 vertebra 10 to retain the spinous processes 26 in their respective saddles 62, 72 as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,626,944, which is incorporated herein by reference. [0017] FIGS. 9A-9C illustrates an exemplary tether 80 in more detail. The tether 80 comprises a cord made of polyethylene or other suitable material having a ring 84 at one end and a needle 82 at the opposite end as shown in FIG. 9A. The tether 80 is passed around the spinous process 26 and the needle 82 is then inserted through the ring 84 (FIG. 9B) to form a loop around the spinous process 26. A metallic ferrell 86 slides over the end of the tether 80 and up against the ring 84. The loop is tightened and the ferrell 86 is crimped. The excess cord is then cut flush with the ferrell 86. In some embodiments of the invention, the tether 80 may pass around the superior and inferior arches 62, 72. In other embodiments, the superior and inferior arches 62, 72 may include small passages 64, 74 respectively through which the tether 80 may pass. In other embodiments, the tether 80 may comprise a simple strand or cord that can be looped around the processes and tied at the ends. [0018] FIG. 10 illustrates an alternate method of securing the interspinous spacer 50. As shown in FIG. 10, the interspinous spacer 50 is held in place by two sets of tethers 80. No pedicle screws 56 are used. A first set of tethers 80 pass around the transverse processes 28 of the compromised vertebra 10 and connect the transverse processes 28 to the anchor plates 52. The second set of tethers 80 pass around the spinous processes 26 of the adjacent superior and inferior vertebrae 10 and connect to the superior and inferior vertebrae 10 to the superior and inferior arches 60, 70 respectively. [0019] FIG. 11 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the interspinous spacer 50. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-8. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used to indicate similar components in the two embodiments. The embodiment shown in FIG. 10 comprises a superior arch 60 and an inferior arch 70 without anchoring plates 52. The superior and inferior arches 60, 70 join along a midline of the interspinous spacer 50. The superior arch 60 includes a saddle to receive the spinous process 26 of a superior vertebra 10, while the inferior arch 70 includes a saddle to receive the spinous process 26 of an inferior vertebra 10. The interspinous spacer 50 is held in place by tethers 80 that loop around the spinous processes 26 of the adjacent of the adjacent superior and inferior vertebrae 10 as previously described. [0020] The present invention may be carried out in other specific ways than those herein set forth without departing from the scope and essential characteristics of the invention. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein. Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4570618 *Nov 23, 1983Feb 18, 1986Henry Ford HospitalIntervertebral body wire stabilizationUS5366455 *Nov 2, 1989Nov 22, 1994Surgicraft LimitedPedicle engaging meansUS5415661 *Mar 24, 1993May 16, 1995University Of MiamiImplantable spinal assist deviceUS5527312 *Aug 19, 1994Jun 18, 1996Salut, Ltd.Facet screw anchorUS5609634 *Jun 30, 1993Mar 11, 1997Voydeville; GillesIntervertebral prosthesis making possible rotatory stabilization and flexion/extension stabilizationUS5810815 *Sep 20, 1996Sep 22, 1998Morales; Jose A.Surgical apparatus for use in the treatment of spinal deformitiesUS5836948 *Jan 2, 1997Nov 17, 1998Saint Francis Medical Technologies, LlcSpine distraction implant and methodUS6132464 *Jun 16, 1995Oct 17, 2000Paulette FairantVertebral joint facets prosthesesUS6565605 *Dec 13, 2000May 20, 2003Medicinelodge, Inc.Multiple facet joint replacementUS6626909 *Jun 28, 2002Sep 30, 2003Kingsley Richard ChinApparatus and method for spine fixationUS6626944 *Feb 19, 1999Sep 30, 2003Jean TaylorInterspinous prosthesisUS6669729 *Feb 11, 2003Dec 30, 2003Kingsley Richard ChinApparatus and method for the replacement of posterior vertebral elementsUS6733534 *Jan 29, 2002May 11, 2004Sdgi Holdings, Inc.System and method for spine spacingUS7282064 *Sep 24, 2003Oct 16, 2007Spinefrontier LlsApparatus and method for connecting spinal vertebraeUS20020029039 *Apr 26, 2001Mar 7, 2002Zucherman James F.Supplemental spine fixation device and methodsUS20030028250 *May 30, 2002Feb 6, 2003Archus Orthopedics, Inc.Prostheses, systems and methods for replacement of natural facet joints with artifical facet joint surfacesUS20030163162 *Mar 29, 2001Aug 28, 2003Hiroyuki UeharaTeething ring and bearing plateUS20030171750 *Feb 11, 2003Sep 11, 2003Chin Kingsley RichardApparatus and method for the replacement of posterior vertebral elementsUS20040015166 *Jul 22, 2002Jan 22, 2004Gorek Josef E.System and method for stabilizing the spine by securing spine stabilization rods in crossed dispositionUS20040049272 *Sep 9, 2003Mar 11, 2004Archus Orthopedics, Inc.Facet arthroplasty devices and methodsUS20040158245 *Sep 24, 2003Aug 12, 2004Chin Kingsley RichardApparatus and method for connecting spinal vertebraeUS20040172024 *Mar 4, 2004Sep 2, 2004Gorek Josef E.System and method for stabilizing the spine by securing spine stabilization rods in crossed dispositionUS20040236327 *May 23, 2003Nov 25, 2004Paul David C.Spine stabilization systemUS20040243239 *Aug 8, 2002Dec 2, 2004Jean TaylorVertebra stabilizing assemblyUS20050033434 *Aug 6, 2003Feb 10, 2005Sdgi Holdings, Inc.Posterior elements motion restoring deviceUS20050049704 *Aug 29, 2003Mar 3, 2005Jackson Roger P.Convex spinal fusion interbody spacerUS20050245929 *Dec 3, 2004Nov 3, 2005St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc.System and method for an interspinous process implant as a supplement to a spine stabilization implantUS20060241757 *Mar 31, 2005Oct 26, 2006Sdgi Holdings, Inc.Intervertebral prosthetic device for spinal stabilization and method of manufacturing same* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7458981Mar 9, 2005Dec 2, 2008The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversitySpinal implant and method for restricting spinal flexionUS7666208 *Apr 29, 2005Feb 23, 2010Asfora Ip, LlcPosterior cervical vertebral stabilizing systemUS7758619Jul 20, 2010Kyphon S�RLSpinous process implant with tethersUS7763074Dec 15, 2005Jul 27, 2010The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversitySystems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spineUS7799058Sep 21, 2010Zimmer GmbhInterspinous spacerUS7909853 *Mar 22, 2011Kyphon SarlInterspinous process implant including a binder and method of implantationUS8012207Sep 6, 2011Vertiflex, Inc.Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spineUS8012209Sep 6, 2011Kyphon SarlInterspinous process implant including a binder, binder aligner and method of implantationUS8029541Oct 4, 2011Simpirica Spine, Inc.Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processesUS8034079Apr 12, 2005Oct 11, 2011Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.Implants and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of a spinal motion segmentUS8034081Feb 6, 2007Oct 11, 2011CollabComl, LLCInterspinous dynamic stabilization implant and method of implantingUS8043336Jan 21, 2010Oct 25, 2011Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.Posterior vertebral support assemblyUS8048117Sep 23, 2005Nov 1, 2011Kyphon SarlInterspinous process implant and method of implantationUS8105357 *Apr 28, 2006Jan 31, 2012Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.Interspinous process braceUS8105363Feb 2, 2009Jan 31, 2012The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversitySpinal implant and method for restricting spinal flexionUS8114135Jan 16, 2009Feb 14, 2012Kyphon SarlAdjustable surgical cables and methods for treating spinal stenosisUS8123782Sep 5, 2008Feb 28, 2012Vertiflex, Inc.Interspinous spacerUS8123807Dec 6, 2004Feb 28, 2012Vertiflex, Inc.Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spineUS8128662Oct 18, 2006Mar 6, 2012Vertiflex, Inc.Minimally invasive tooling for delivery of interspinous spacerUS8152837Dec 20, 2005Apr 10, 2012The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversitySystems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spineUS8162982Apr 24, 2012Simpirica Spine, Inc.Methods and systems for constraint of multiple spine segmentsUS8167944May 1, 2012The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversitySystems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spineUS8187305Jun 5, 2009May 29, 2012Simpirica Spine, Inc.Methods and apparatus for deploying spinous process constraintsUS8187307May 29, 2012Simpirica Spine, Inc.Structures and methods for constraining spinal processes with single connectorUS8216275Oct 31, 2008Jul 10, 2012The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversitySpinal implant and method for restricting spinal flexionUS8241330Aug 14, 2012Lanx, Inc.Spinous process implants and associated methodsUS8252029Aug 28, 2012Zimmer GmbhExpandable interspinous process spacer with lateral support and method for implantationUS8273108Jul 8, 2008Sep 25, 2012Vertiflex, Inc.Interspinous spacerUS8277488Jul 24, 2008Oct 2, 2012Vertiflex, Inc.Interspinous spacerUS8292922Apr 16, 2008Oct 23, 2012Vertiflex, Inc.Interspinous spacerUS8308771Jun 5, 2009Nov 13, 2012Simpirica Spine, Inc.Methods and apparatus for locking a bandUS8317864Nov 27, 2012The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversitySystems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spineUS8328848 *Sep 26, 2006Dec 11, 2012Paradigm Spine, LlcInterspinous vertebral stabilization devicesUS8348977Jun 30, 2010Jan 8, 2013Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.Artificial spinous process for the sacrum and methods of useUS8403961Mar 26, 2013Simpirica Spine, Inc.Methods and devices for controlled flexion restriction of spinal segmentsUS8403964Mar 26, 2013Simpirica Spine, Inc.Methods and systems for increasing the bending stiffness and constraining the spreading of a spinal segmentUS8409282Apr 2, 2013Vertiflex, Inc.Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spineUS8425559Nov 7, 2006Apr 23, 2013Vertiflex, Inc.Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spineUS8425560Apr 23, 2013Farzad MassoudiSpinal implant device with fixation plates and lag screws and method of implantingUS8454660Jun 4, 2013Simpirica Spine, Inc.Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processesUS8486110Dec 29, 2011Jul 16, 2013The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversitySpinal implant and method for restricting spinal flexionUS8496689Feb 23, 2011Jul 30, 2013Farzad MassoudiSpinal implant device with fusion cage and fixation plates and method of implantingUS8523904Jul 13, 2007Sep 3, 2013The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversityMethods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachmentUS8529606Mar 10, 2010Sep 10, 2013Simpirica Spine, Inc.Surgical tether apparatus and methods of useUS8562653Mar 10, 2010Oct 22, 2013Simpirica Spine, Inc.Surgical tether apparatus and methods of useUS8568455Oct 26, 2007Oct 29, 2013Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.Spine distraction implant and methodUS8613747Dec 18, 2008Dec 24, 2013Vertiflex, Inc.Spacer insertion instrumentUS8668719Mar 30, 2010Mar 11, 2014Simpirica Spine, Inc.Methods and apparatus for improving shear loading capacity of a spinal segmentUS8672974Feb 21, 2007Mar 18, 2014Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.Spine distraction implant and methodUS8790372Mar 22, 2012Jul 29, 2014Simpirica Spine, Inc.Methods and systems for constraint of multiple spine segmentsUS8840646May 10, 2007Sep 23, 2014Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.Spinous process implants and methodsUS8864828Jan 15, 2009Oct 21, 2014Vertiflex, Inc.Interspinous spacerUS8920504 *Feb 2, 2010Dec 30, 2014Rlt Healthcare, LlcInterspinous spacer and facet joint fixation deviceUS8945183Mar 9, 2009Feb 3, 2015Vertiflex, Inc.Interspinous process spacer instrument system with deployment indicatorUS9023084Dec 6, 2004May 5, 2015The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversitySystems and methods for stabilizing the motion or adjusting the position of the spineUS9039772 *Dec 9, 2009May 26, 2015Industry Foundation Of Chonnam National UniversityImage-based patient-specific medical spinal surgery method and spinal prosthesisUS9055981Jan 25, 2008Jun 16, 2015Lanx, Inc.Spinal implants and methodsUS9084639Jun 26, 2013Jul 21, 2015Farzad MassoudiSpinal implant device with fusion cage and fixation plates and method of implantingUS9107706Sep 11, 2013Aug 18, 2015Simpirica Spine, Inc.Surgical tether apparatus and methods of useUS9149304Aug 2, 2013Oct 6, 2015The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Sanford Junior UniversityMethods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachmentUS9173746Dec 10, 2012Nov 3, 2015Paradigm Spine, LlcInterspinous vertebral stabilization devicesUS9247968Mar 31, 2010Feb 2, 2016Lanx, Inc.Spinous process implants and associated methodsUS9295499May 8, 2013Mar 29, 2016Empirical Spine, Inc.Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processesUS20050216017 *Mar 9, 2005Sep 29, 2005Louie FieldingSpinal implant and method for restricting spinal flexionUS20070161993 *Sep 26, 2006Jul 12, 2007Lowery Gary LInterspinous vertebral stabilization devicesUS20080015590 *Jun 19, 2006Jan 17, 2008Depuy Products, Inc.Implant device with placement indiciaUS20080114358 *Nov 13, 2006May 15, 2008Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.Intervertebral Prosthetic Assembly for Spinal Stabilization and Method of Implanting SameUS20080262617 *Apr 19, 2007Oct 23, 2008Zimmer GmbhInterspinous spacerUS20080281360 *May 10, 2007Nov 13, 2008Shannon Marlece VitturSpinous process implants and methodsUS20090012614 *May 8, 2008Jan 8, 2009Dixon Robert ADevice and method for tethering a spinal implantUS20090118833 *Nov 5, 2007May 7, 2009Zimmer Spine, Inc.In-situ curable interspinous process spacerUS20090216274 *Feb 21, 2008Aug 27, 2009Zimmer GmbhExpandable interspinous process spacer with lateral support and method for implantationUS20100161059 *Mar 14, 2008Jun 24, 2010CreaspineIntervertebral implant for the human or animal bodyUS20110009904 *Sep 20, 2010Jan 13, 2011Zimmer GmbhInterspinous spacerUS20110046673 *May 3, 2010Feb 24, 2011Pixis S.AInterspinous distraction implantUS20110093012 *Nov 8, 2010Apr 21, 2011Gittings Darin CProsthetic facet and facet joint replacement deviceUS20110125269 *Dec 31, 2010May 26, 2011Moskowitz Nathan CTotal artificial spino-laminar prosthetic replacementUS20110137345 *Mar 18, 2010Jun 9, 2011Caleb StollPosterior lumbar fusionUS20120046749 *Feb 2, 2010Feb 23, 2012Rlt Healthcare, LlcInterspinous spacer and facet joint fixation deviceUS20120191192 *Dec 9, 2009Jul 26, 2012Industry Foundation Of Chonnam National UniversityImage-based patient-specific medical spinal surgery method and spinal prosthesisUS20120215262 *Aug 23, 2012Interventional Spine, Inc.Spinous process spacer and implantation procedureUS20120226314 *Mar 2, 2012Sep 6, 2012Spinefrontier IncInterspinous spacer implantUS20130178903 *Jul 6, 2012Jul 11, 2013Samy AbdouDevices and methods to prevent or limit spondlylolisthesis and other aberrant movements of the vertebral bonesUS20150112441 *Dec 29, 2014Apr 23, 2015Rlt Healthcare, LlcInterspinous Spacer and Facet Joint Fixation DeviceWO2010120333A1 *Feb 2, 2010Oct 21, 2010Rlt Healthcare, LlcInterspinous spacer and facet joint fixation deviceWO2012138444A1 *Mar 7, 2012Oct 11, 2012Kyphon SarlLumbar-sacral implant allowing variable angle fixation* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification606/249, 606/286, 606/74, 606/280, 606/283, 606/279International ClassificationA61F2/30Cooperative ClassificationA61B17/7053, A61B17/7067European ClassificationA61B17/70P6Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 8, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: SDGI HOLDINGS, INC., DELAWAREFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIM, ROY;SHERMAN, MICHAEL C.;REEL/FRAME:016461/0426Effective date: 20050407Feb 25, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC, INC., INDIANAFree format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:SDGI HOLDINGS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020558/0116Effective date: 20060428Owner name: WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC, INC.,INDIANAFree format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:SDGI HOLDINGS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020558/0116Effective date: 20060428Jul 4, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


text:
Patent US4055803 - Combined watt and var transducer - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA transducer provides simultaneous indications of watts and vars when connected to a power line. For a single phase power line the transducer utilizes an internal power supply and, in addition, one current transformer, one voltage transformer, one modulator and suitable electronic switches, filters and...http://www.google.com/patents/US4055803?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4055803 - Combined watt and var transducerAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4055803 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/726,848Publication dateOct 25, 1977Filing dateSep 27, 1976Priority dateSep 27, 1976Publication number05726848, 726848, US 4055803 A, US 4055803A, US-A-4055803, US4055803 A, US4055803AInventorsRaymond L. Kraley, Barry M. Pressman, Maghar S. ChanaOriginal AssigneeKraley Raymond L, Pressman Barry M, Chana Maghar SExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (3), Referenced by (12), Classifications (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetCombined watt and var transducer
US 4055803 AAbstract
A transducer provides simultaneous indications of watts and vars when connected to a power line. For a single phase power line the transducer utilizes an internal power supply and, in addition, one current transformer, one voltage transformer, one modulator and suitable electronic switches, filters and voltage to current amplifiers.
1. A watt and var transducer for the simultaneous indication of watts and vars comprising, within the same enclosure,a single voltage transformer means for the measurement of voltage and a single current transformer for the measurement of current; a phase shift circuit connected to one of said voltage transformer means and said current transformer; a single modulator having an input terminal connected to the other one of the said voltage transformer means and the said current transformer; a first electronic switch means having input terminals connected to said phase shift circuit and said modulator, said first electronic switch means combining the waveforms from said phase shift circuit and said modulator; a first filter having an input terminal connected to said first electronic switch and an output terminal at which the direct current voltage is proportional to vars on said power line; a second electronic switch means having first and second input terminals and having its first input terminal connected to the same one of said voltage transformer means and said current transformer which is connected to said phase shift circuit, said second electronic switch having its second input terminal connected to said modulator, said second electronic switch combining the unshifted waveforms from the said one of said current transformer and voltage transformer means and the waveforms from said modulator; and a second filter having an input terminal connected to said second electronic switch and an output at which the direct current voltage is proportional to watts on the said power line. 2. A watt and var transducer as in claim 1 wherein said modulator is a duty cycle oscillator.
3. A watt and var transducer as in claim 1 and including a first voltage to current amplifier having an input terminal connected to the output terminal of said first filter and a second voltage to current amplifier having an input terminal connected to the output terminal of said second filter.
4. A watt and var transducer as in claim 1 and further including a power supply within the said enclosure comprising a single transformer and rectifying means for producing a direct current from an alternating current.
5. A watt and var transducer for a three phase power line comprisinga first and a second voltage transformer means for the measurement of voltage and a first and a second current transformer for the measurement of current; a first phase shift circuit connected to one of said first voltage transformer and said first current transformer; a second phase shift circuit connected to one of said second voltage transformer and said second current transformer; a first and a second modulator each having an input terminal connected to a separate one of the other one of the said voltage transformers and the said current transformers; a first electronic switch means having input terminals connected to said first phase shift circuit and to said first modulator; a second electronic switch means having input terminals connected to said second phase shift circuit and to said second modulator, each of said first and second electronic switch means combining the phase shifted waveforms from the one of said phase shift circuits to which it is connected and the waveforms from the one of said modulators to which it is connected; a first filter having an input terminal connected to said first electronic and said second electronic switches and an output terminal at which the direct current voltage is proportional to vars on said power line; a third electronic switch means having input terminals connected to one of said other one of said first voltage transformers and said first current transformer and connected to said first modulator; a fourth electronic switch means having input terminals connected to one of said other one of said second voltage transformers and said second current transformers and connected to said second modulator, each of said third and fourth electronic switch means combining the phase unshifted waveforms from the one of said transformers to which it is connected and the waveforms from the one of said modulators to which it is connected; and a second filter having an input terminal connected to said third and fourth electronic switches and an output terminal at which the direct current voltage is proportional to watts on the said power line. 6. A watt and var transducer as in claim 5 wherein each of said modulators is a duty cycle oscillator.
7. A watt and var transducer as in claim 5 and including a first voltage to amplitude amplifier having an input terminal connected to the output terminal of said first filter and a second voltage to amplitude amplifier having an input terminal connected to the output terminal of said second filter.
8. A watt and var transducer as in claim 4 wherein said rectifying means includes a full-wave diode bridge rectifier.
9. A watt and var transducer as in claim 5 and further including a power supply within the said enclosure comprising a single transformer and rectifying means for producing a direct current from an alternating current.
10. A watt and var transducer as in claim 7 having one of its output terminals which is common to both outputs or is internally tied to the same potential conductor.
The present invention relates to alternating current power measurement instruments and more particularly to electronic watt transducers and electronic var transducers.
Various types of solid state electronic wattmeters have been proposed and have been alleged to be of greater accuracy than electromechanical instruments, for example, the types shown in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,875,508; 3,662,264; 3,900,794; 3,794,917.
The average power or watts "W" consumed in an element of an electric circuit with a flow of an alternating current, in which voltage E and current I are of the same frequency and are sinusiodal, is equal to EI cos θ, where θ is the phase angle.
In a single-phase system the reactive power, sometimes called reactive volt amperes, or "vars", is equal to EI sin θ.
It is known that an electronic watt transducer may be converted for alternative use as an electronic var transducer. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,084,863 to W. B. Boast, a relay 110 is operated so that the instrument alternatively reads either watts or vars by switching in a resistor-capacitor network which shifts the incoming voltage by 90�. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,723,872 to H. Rich, either three-phase watts or vars are alternatively measured, depending upon the position of a multiple-pole double-throw switch.
In these instruments the input to the transducer is the power from a power line. The transducer produces an electrical output which is proportional to the amount of electrical power consumed by a load or provided by a source. That output may be utilized in various ways. For example, it may be displayed by a meter or it may be accumulated over time to provide, as in a watt-hour meter, a measure of the amount of electrical energy consumed over time by a load, or provided over time by a source.
In accordance with the present invention a combined watt and var transducer is provided and adapted to be connected to a power line. The combined watt and var transducer consists of a solid-state electronic circuit which is mounted on an electronics board within an enclosure. The input to the power line has separate connections for the monitoring of current and voltage. The transducer has a current transformer and a voltage transformer and a 90� phase shifter circuit.
A modulator produces an output which varies either with current or voltage, depending on its input connection to either the current or voltage transformer. In one embodiment the modulator is a duty cycle modulator oscillator which utilizes a single operational amplifier whose output is connected through a feedback network to one of the two input terminals of the operational amplifier. Preferably, also, the modulator is provided with a Zener diode or other types of voltage clipping means. Alternative modulators, however, may be used, such as pulse ratio modulators or pulse width modulators.
An electronic switch combines the waveforms from the modulator with the waveforms from the transformer, which is not connected to the modulator. For example, in the case of the duty cycle modulator oscillator, combining the two waveforms has a multiplication effect because it utilizes the area of the pulses, i.e., the width times the height. The pulse train from the electronic switch is filtered by a filter that produces a voltage level which is proportional to watts. That voltage level may be utilized as the input to a voltage to current amplifier.
In a similar manner, a second electronic switch combines the phase shifted waveform from the phase shift circuit with the waveform from the modulator. That combined output if filtered by a second filter which produces a direct current voltage which is proportional to vars. A voltage to current amplifier may convert that voltage (proportional to vars) to a current proportional to vars.
The electronic switches are preferably transistors such as field effect transistors. However, other types of switches may alternatively be used, such as choppers. The phase shift circuit is preferably a 90� phase shift circuit using an operational amplifier as its active element. Alternatively, however, the phase shift circuit may use alternative active elements or may use passive elements such as a resistor-capacitor network. Preferably, each of the filters is a passive resistor-capacitor network. However, alternatively the filter may include either active or other types of passive outputs.
The output voltage level from the filters may be utilized directly to operate a meter. Preferably, however, those voltage levels are converted to a corresponding current level so that it may be transmitted to a utilizing instrument at a different location. For this purpose, each of the watts and vars voltage outputs from the filters may be connected to separate voltage to current amplifiers. Preferably the voltage to current amplifiers are solid-state amplifiers utilizing operational amplifiers and which are part of the electronic circuitry within the enclosure. The utilizing instrument may, for example, be an A/D converter or a recording meter.
It is a feature of the present invention to provide a watt and var transducer adapted to be connected to a single phase power line or, along with a second watt and var transducer of the same type, adapted to be connected to a three-phase power line. It comprises a single voltage transformer (for the measurement of voltage) and a single current transformer (for the measurement of current). A phase shift circuit is connected to either the voltage transformer or, alternatively, the current transformer. A single modulator has its input terminal connected to the other one of the voltage transformer and the current transformer. The transducer further comprises a first electronic switch means having input terminals connected to the phase shift circuit and to the modulator, which first electronic switch means combines the waveforms from the phase shift circuit and said modulator. A first filter, having an input terminal, is connected to the first electronic switch and the first filter has an output terminal at which the direct current voltage is proportional to vars on said power line. A second electronic switch means, having input terminals, is connected to the other one of the voltage transformer and the current transformer and also connected to the modulator. That second electronic switch combines the unshifted waveforms from the other one of said current transformer and voltage transformer and the waveforms from said modulator. A second filter, having an input terminal, is connected to the second electronic switch and has an output at which the direct current voltage is proportional to watts on the said power line.
It is a further feature of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer in which the modulator is a duty cycle oscillator. The combined transducer may also include a first voltage to current amplifier having an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the first filter and a second voltage to current amplifier having an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the second filter.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a transducer which is a combined watt and var transducer which will provide simultaneous outputs at its output terminals which are proportional to the watts and vars consumed by the load.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer in a single enclosure of relatively small size.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a watt and var transducer which is of solid-state electronics and which is relatively accurate over a broad range of external temperature variations.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer which is relatively low in cost.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer which requires relatively fewer external connections compared to the use of separate watt and var transducers.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer which provides electrical isolation between its I,V input terminals and between its input and output terminals and between its input terminals and its power supply terminals.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer which provides separate calibration adjustments for its watt and var sections.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer which has common inputs for its watt and var outputs, thereby reducing the cost and complexity or wiring the transducer into the power circuitry.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer which, when utilized with a single-phase power line, requires only a single current transformer, thereby reducing the size, cost and complexity of the transducer compared to the alternative of separate watt and var transducers.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer which, when utilized with a single-phase power line, requires only a single voltage transfomer, which comparatively reduces the cost, complexity and size of the transducer.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide such a combined watt and var transducer which, when utilized with a single-phase power line, requires only a single power transformer and a single direct current power supply, which comparatively reduces the cost, complexity and size of the transducer.
Other features and objectives of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description of the present invention which follows this brief description of the drawings. That detailed description provides the inventor's best presently known mode of practicing the invention and should be considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the present invention of a combined watt and var transducer applied to a single-phase power line;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of specific electronic circuits that are suitable for use in connection with the block diagram of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase combined watt and var transducer according to the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram which illustrates the principles of the present invention as applied to the measurement of power on a single phase alternating current line consisting of two wires from which current voltage and power are derived.
The combined watt and var transducer uses only two transformers to produce an output proportional to watts and vars and an additional optional transformer for its internal power supply. A voltage transformer 4 has its primary winding connected to the power line and its secondary winding produces a voltage which is proportional to the voltage on that line. That proportional voltage is modulated by modulator 2, whose output is connected to an electronic switch 3. A current transformer 1 has its primary winding connected to the power line and its secondary winding produces a current which is proportional to the current on that line. The secondary winding of current transformer 1 is connected to the input of the switch 3 and is also connected to the input to a 90� hase shifter 5. The phase shifter 5 is connected to the input of a second electronic switch 6, which is controlled by the output of the modulator 2.
The primary winding of power transformer 7 is connected to the power line and its secondary winding is connected to rectifiers and filters to provide a direct current power supply 8. The d.c. power supply 8 is connected to the various sub-circuits.
The electronic switch 3 combines the two proportional signals, representing current and voltage, and produces a combined signal in which current is multiplied by voltage. The electronic switches 3,6 may each be a transistor whose control electrode is connected to the output of the modulator 2 so that the modulator pulse's zero crossings change the state of the transistor. The pulse train at the output of the electronic switch 3 has the amplitude of each pulse determined by the current amplitude and its duty cycle determined by the voltage amplitude. That combined signal, from electronic switch 3, represents watts of power. The switch 3 is connected, through filter 9, to amplifier 13. The filter 9 reacts to the total power of the pulse train from electronic switch 3 and produces a direct current output which is proportional to the average a.c. power, in watts, on the single-phase power line.
Similarly, the electronic switch 6 is connected, through filter 12, to amplifier 14. The filter 12 reacts to the total power of the pulse train from electronic switch 6 and produces a direct current output which is proportional to the average a.c. power, in vars, on the single-phase power line.
In operation, the single phase power line supplies alternating current to current transformer 1 and alternating voltage to voltage transformer 4. The current waveform is shifted 90� by phase shifter 5.
The modulator 2 is preferably a duty cycle modulator oscillator which produces a rectangular wave output. The duty cycle of the rectangular wave output is changed by the voltage so that when the voltage rises the "on" time decreases, i.e., the width of the rectangular wave pulses decreases. The amplitude of the output rectangular wave of the oscillator is kept constant, but the duty cycle of output changes and carries the input information. A change in frequency of oscillation does not cause any error. The zero crossings of the pulse train (the duty cycle) are determined by the amplitude of the voltage waveform from transformer 4. The duty cycle modulated oscillator is an operational amplifier having a feedback path and two reference Zener diodes (temperature compensated Zener diodes) to provide for clipping of the rectangular waveform.
The electronic switch 3 combines the waveforms, the rectangular wave pulses from the duty cycle modulator 2, with the waveforms from the current transformer. The modulator 2 determines the on/off ratio (duty cycle) of the combined waveforms, and the amplitude of the waveform from switch 3 is determined by the current. Alternatively, the modulator 2 may be connected to the current transformer and the amplitude of the waveform would then be determined by the waveform from the voltage transformer. The combination of waveforms by switch 3 is a multiplication effect because it utilizes the area of the pulses, i.e., the width times the height. The pulse train from the electronic switch 3 is filtered by filter 9 to produce a voltage level which is proportional to watts. That voltage level is the input to a voltage to current amplitude 13. Consequently, the current output, at the output terminals, is proportional to the watts on the single phase power line.
Similarly, the electronic switch 6 combines the phase shifted current waveform (which determines the amplitude of the combined pulses) with the pulses from the modulator 2, the duty cycle of those pulses being determined by the voltage from the voltage transformer. That combined waveform from switch 6 is filtered by filter 12 and produces a direct current voltage which is proportional to vars. That voltage, proportional to vars, is converted to a current proportional to vars by the voltage to current amplifier 14.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a combined watt and var transducer which is utilized with a single-phase power system and is consistent with the block diagram of FIG. 1. A transformer plate is provided within an enclosure and a separate electronics board is also provided within the same enclosure. Three separate transformers are mounted on the transformer plate, including voltage transformer 4' whose primary winding is connected to the voltage terminals. The secondary winding 15 of the voltage transformer 4' has one of its terminals connected to ground 16 and the other of its terminals connected through an adjustable resistor 17 and capacitor 18 to the modulator 2'. The capacitor 18 and resistor 17 comprises an adjustable phase correction unit.
A current transformer 1' has its primary winding connected to the terminals 22 and 23, which terminals 22 and 23 are connected respectively to the single-phase power line. The secondary winding 24 of current transformer 1' has its ends connected respectively to the ground 16 and across a resistor 27 and by means of line 91 to a 90� phase shift network 5'. The third transformer 7', which is a power transformer, is the power supply transformer and also has its primary winding connected to the single-phase power line. The secondary winding 52 of the transformer 7' is tapped at its center, and its ends and its center tap are connected to a full-wave rectifying bridge.
The full-wave rectifier 53 is a bridge network consisting of four rectifying solid-state diodes. The output of the rectifier 53 is taken across two capacitors 54 and 55 through two resistors 56 and 57 and across two voltage regulating Zener diodes 58 and 59. The output is further reduced and controlled by resistors 60 and 61 and two additional voltage regulating Zener diodes 63 and 64. The outputs of the power supply are, as indicated, positive 13 volts, positive 6.2 volts, negative 13 volts and negative 6.2 volts. It will be understood, however, that, although one preferred power supply is shown, other types of power supplies may alternatively be used to power the electronics of the remainder of the circuit.
The modulator 2' is a common modulator utilized for both the watt and var switches. The description set forth in this paragraph will relate specifically to the duty cycle modulated oscillator 2' shown in FIG. 2. However, it will be understood that other types of duty cycle modulators and pulse width modulators may alternatively be utilized. The modulator 2' includes an input resistor 70 and an input capacitor 71 whose opposite end leads to the ground 16. The input line 72 is the negative (inverting) input of a linear operational amplifier 73. The operational amplifier 73 is preferably an integrated circuit and is a very high gain direct coupled amplifier, as are the other operational amplifiers of the circuit.
The positive (non-inverting) input terminal 74 of the operational amplifier 73 is connected to a resistor 75 whose opposite end is connected to the ground 16. The output terminal 76 of the operational amplifier 73 is connected through the resistors 77 and 78 to its positive input terminal 74. The output terminal 76 is connected, through resistor 77 and resistor 69, for example, of 90.9 K ohms, to the negative (inverting) input terminal 72.
The output terminal 76 is connected, through the resistor 77, to two voltage regulating Zener diodes 79 and 80 which are oppositely poled and provide upper and lower clipping points, i.e., upper and lower amplitude limits on the output pulses from the operational amplifier 73. The opposite ends of the respective Zener diodes 79 and 80 are connected to the ground 16. The resistor 77 is of low value, for example, 750 ohms, and the resistor 78 is of a relatively high value, for example, 10 K ohms.
The zero crossing points of the leading edges of the pulses at the output of the modulator 2' may be considered a quiescent signal edge. That quiescent signal edge is modulated either forward to make the pulse wider (upon a negative input) or rearward to make the pulse more narrow (upon a positive input). In other words, on a negative input the space between pulses will be decreased and the duty cycle ratio, the ratio of on/off, will rise. The amplitude of the pulses will remain the same as they have been clipped (limited) by the Zener diodes 79,80. Since the output is averaged over time by the filter 9', changes in frequency or changes in the width of the output pulses at quiescent zero voltage input would not have any effect on the averaged output because the changed frequency, or changed nominal pulse width, will equally affect the positive and negative excursions of the waveform and will consequently be canceled out and have no effect on the averaged output.
The output terminal 76, which is the output of the modulator 2', is connected through a resistor-capacitor network comprising resistor 82 and capacitor 83 to the electronic switch 3'. The electronic switch 3' is preferably a field effect transistor in which the gate (the control element) is connected to the duty cycle modulator 2' and the drain is connected to the current input and the source is connected to ground 16.
The output of the electronic switch 3' is to a filter 9' consisting of resistors 86,90 and capacitors 87 and 88. A line 85 connects the secondary winding 24 of the transformer 1' to the switch 3' through resistor 89. The output of filter 9' is a direct current voltage whose level is proportional to the watts being measured.
The output of the filter 9' is to a direct voltage to current amplifier 13' which converts the input direct voltage to an output current proportional to that input voltage. That current output is proportional to the watts on the single-phase power line. The output current is suitable for transmission or for use by other instruments, such as recording devices and, for example, may be in the range of 0-1 milliampere when connected to a load of 0-10 K ohms.
The phase shifter 5' is connected to the current transformer 1' by line 91. The 90� phase shifter 5' includes an operational amplifier 92 whose negative (inverting) input is connected to line 91 through resistor 93. The positive (non-inverting) input of amplifier 92 is connected to capacitor 94 which is also connected to line 91. The positive input is connected to ground through variable resistor 95 and resistor 96. Its output is connected through resistor 98 to its negative input for negative feedback and through resistor 97 to a second electronic switch 6', which is a field effect transistor. The control electrode of electronic switch 6' is connected to the output of the common modulator 2' through resistor-capacitor network 99. The output of electronic switch 6' is to a filter 12', comprising two resistors and two capacitors. The output of filter 12' is to a voltage to current amplifier 14'. The output of the filter 12' is a direct current which is proportional to the vars on the power line. A current proportional to that d.c. voltage is produced by means of amplifier 14'. The output current of amplifier 14' is in the range 0-1 milliampere when connected to a load of 0-10 K ohms.
Each of the two voltage to current amplifier 14' and 13' is of the same circuitry. The description will be of amplifier 14' and it will be understood that the amplifier 13'has the same parts, its corresponding parts being numbered with the suffix letter A following the number.
In amplifier 14' the direct current voltage input is to the positive (non-inverting) input terminal of linear operational amplifier 30. A feedback path from the output terminal of linear operational amplifier 30 leads to the positive (non-inverting) input terminal of operational amplifier 31 and from the output of amplifier 31 through resistor 32 back to the negative input terminal of amplifier 30. The operational amplifier 31 has a feedback, through resistor 39, to its negative input. A third operational amplifier 33 has a feedback to its negative input terminal through resistor 40 and has its positive terminal connected, through variable resistor 34 and resistor 41, to the output terminal of operational amplifier 30. The output terminal of operational amplifier 33 is connected, through resistor 42, to the negative input terminal of operational amplifier 31.
A pair of oppositely poled rectifier diodes 35, 36 are provided for transient damage protection. The output current, which represents vars, is taken at the output terminal 37 and common (ground) terminal 38. The output current, which represents watts, is taken at the output terminal 37A and the common output terminal 38.
As shown in FIG. 3, a transformer plate 110 is provided within an enclosure and a separate electronics board 111 is also provided with the same enclosure. A number of separate transformer windings are mounted on the transformer plate 110, including the transformer 112, which is a voltage transformer whose primary is connected to the voltage terminals 113 and 114. The secondary winding 115 of the transformer 112 has one of its terminals connected to ground 116 and the other of its terminals connected to a duty cycle modulator 120 through a phase correction unit comprising an adjustable resistor 117 and capacitor 118.
A second transformer 121 has its primary winding connected to the terminals 122 and 123, which terminals 122 and 123 are connected respectively to the three phase power line. The transformer 121 is a current transformer and its secondary winding 124 has its ends connected respectively to the ground 116 and across a resistor 127 to a 90� phase shift network 126 by means of line 128. A third transformer 130, which is a current transformer, has its primary winding connected to the respective positive 133 and negative 134 terminals of a second current input. The secondary winding 131 of the transformer 130 is crossed and one of its ends is connected to ground 116 and the opposite end is connected to a second 90� phase shift network 132 by line 129.
A fourth transformer 140 is a voltage transformer and has its primary winding connected to the voltage input terminals 141 and 142. The secondary winding 143 of the transformer 140 has its output leads crossed and one of those leads is connected to the ground 116 and the other of its leads is connected through the capacitor 144 and the variable resistor 145 to the second modulator 146. The fifth transformer 150, a voltage transformer which is utilized to provide a power supply, has its primary winding 151 connected to the terminals 141 and 142, which provide a voltage input. The secondary winding 152 of the voltage transformer 150 has a center tap and two end taps, all three of which taps are connected by wires to a full-wave bridge rectifier 153 consisting of four rectifying solid-state diodes. The output of the bridge rectifier 153 is taken across two capacitors 154 and 155 through two resistors 156 and 157 and across two voltage regulating Zener diodes 158 and 159. The output is decreased in voltage and controlled by a capacitor-resistor network comprising capacitors 161, 162 and resistors 165, 166 and two additional voltage regulating Zener diodes 163 and 164. The outputs of this power supply, as indicated, is plus 16 volts, plus 6.2 volts, 6.2 negative and negative 16 volts. It will be understood, however, that, although one preferred power supply is shown, other types of power supplies may alternatively be used to power the remainder of the circuit.
The two duty cycle modulators 120 and 146 are alike and are similar to the modulator 2' of FIG. 2. The description set forth in this paragraph will relate specifically to the modulator 120, but it is equally applicable to the modulator 146. The duty cycle modulator 120 includes an input resistor 170 and an input capacitor 171 whose opposite end leads to the ground 116. The input line 172 is the negative input terminal of a linear operational amplifier 173. The positive input 174 of the linear operational amplifier 173 is connected to a resistor 175 whose opposite end is connected to the ground 116.
The output terminal 176 of the operational amplifier 173 is connected through the resistors 177 and 178 to its negative input (inverting) terminal 172. The output terminal 176 is connected through the resistor 177 to two voltage regulating Zener diodes which are oppositely poled and provide upper and lower clipping points or limits on the output pulse train and through resistor 181 to positive input terminal 174. The opposite ends of the respective Zener diodes 179 and 180 are connected to the ground 116. A large resistor 181, for example, of 100 K ohms, is positioned between the input terminal 174 and the resistor 177. The resistor 177 is of low value, for example, 845 ohms, and the resistor 178 is of a relatively high value, for example, 90 K ohms. The output terminal 176 of the modulator 120 is connected through the resistor-capacitor network comprising resistor 182 and capacitor 183 to the control electrode of electronic switch 184, which is a field effect transistor.
The line 128 leads to the 90� phase shift circuit 126. The phase shift circuit 126 and the 90� phase shift circuit 132 are of the same type and include the same components as the 90� phase shift circuit 5' described previously in connection with FIG. 2. The output of the phase shift circuit 126, through the resistor 190, it to an input terminal of the electronic switch 184. The electronic switch 184 is a field effect transistor and the connected input terminal is its drain electrode. The phase shift circuit 126 provides a waveform which is representative of current and with a 90� phase shift. Similarly, the 90� phase shift circuit 132 receives a waveform representative of current from the secondary winding 131 of the transformer 130 by means of line 129. The phase shift circuit 132 is connected, through resistor 192, to an input terminal of the electronic switch 193.
A second modulator 146 is of the same construction and components as the previously described modulator 120. The modulator 146 is a duty cycle modulator oscillator and its input is a waveform representative of voltage from the secondary winding 143 of voltage transformer 140. The modulator 146 is connected, by means of line 194 and through the capacitor 195 and resistor 196, to the control electrode of the electronic switch 193.
The output of the switch 184 is connected through the resistor 197 to the filler 198. Similarly, the output from the switch 193 is connected through the resistor 199 to the same filter 198. The filter 198 combines and averages the outputs from the two switches 184 and 193 and produces a voltage level which is representative of vars. The filter 198 includes resistors 200 and 207 and the capacitors 201 and 202. The output of the filter 198 on line 203 is to a voltage to current amplifier 204. The current level proportional to vars is taken at the output terminals 205, 206.
The secondary winding 131 of the transformer 130 is connected by means of the line 210 and resistor 211 to an input terminal of an electronic switch 212. The output of the modulator 146 is connected by means of the line 213 and through the resistor-capacitor network, comprising resistor 214 and capacitor 215, to the control electrode of the electronic switch 212. The output of the electronic switch 212 is connected through the resistor 216 to the filter 217. The modulator 120 is connected to the control electrode, the gate of an FET, of the electronic switch 188 through capacitor 187 and resistor 186. The output of switch 188 is to filter 217 through resistor 218. The components of the filter 217 are similar to those of the filter 198. The output of the filter 217, which combines and averages waveforms, is to the voltage to current amplifier 220. The voltage to current amplifier 220, at its output terminals 221 and 206, produces a current which is representative of watts on the three-phase power line.
The construction and components and functions of the voltage to current amplifiers 204 and 220 are the same as that of the voltage to current amplifiers 13' and 14' described in connection with FIG. 2. The measurement of watts at the terminals 206 and 221 is a measurement of the total power in watts from the three-phase power line. Similarly, the measurement of vars at the output terminals 205 and 206 is a measurement of the total power in vars on the three-phase power line. Each of the measurements of watts and vars may be taken simultaneously, although it is possible to measure watts without measuring vars and to measure vars without measuring watts. In unbalanced polyphase systems a simultaneous measurement of total watts and total vars is required to determine the vector power factor.
Modifications may be made in the subject invention within the scope of the subjoined claims. For example, one or more of the voltage transformers may be replaced by alternative voltage reduction circuits, such as a capacitor-divider or a resistor divider. The term "voltage transformer means," as used herein, refers to a voltage transformer or a voltage divider when used to produce a voltage which varies directly and in proportion to the voltage being measured.
The watt and var transducer described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 may be used with a three-phase three-wire connection by changing the external connections. In that case the power transformer 7' may be connected to the A and C lines, the voltage transformer 4' connected to the A line and the current transformer 1' connected to the C line.
The watt and var transducer of the present invention may also be used for connection to a three-phase four-wire power line, the wires being labeled A,B,C, neutral. In that case, in effect, three of the transducers shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are utilized, each comprising a voltage transformer, a current transformer, a modulator, a phase shift circuit and two electronic switches. The first such transducer is connected to lines A, neutral; the second to lines B, neutral; and the third to lines C, neutral. Each of the watt and var outputs are added together by three adders to produce watt and var outputs having a common output terminal at ground potential.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3084863 *Feb 19, 1962Apr 9, 1963W W Henry CompanyAnalogue computerUS3955138 *Nov 6, 1974May 4, 1976General Electric CompanyElectronic energy consumption meter with input transformer having single resistance terminated secondary winding coupled to C-MOS switches driven by pulse width modulated control signalsUS3959724 *Jul 22, 1974May 25, 1976Rochester Instrument Systems, Inc.Electronic wattmeter* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4131847 *Jun 30, 1977Dec 26, 1978Shoei Electric Co., Ltd.Device for measuring active and/or reactive component of AC current or AC powerUS4145652 *Oct 19, 1977Mar 20, 1979Kabushikikaishi Yokogawa Denki SeisakushoElectric power to DC signal converterUS4275349 *May 11, 1979Jun 23, 1981Westinghouse Electric Corp.Watt and var transducerUS4359684 *May 12, 1978Nov 16, 1982EnertecElectronic watt-hour meterUS5869960 *Dec 19, 1996Feb 9, 1999Brand; EthanDigital power consumption meter for displaying instantaneous and consumed electric power of an electrical deviceUS6104182 *Oct 13, 1998Aug 15, 2000Siemens AgMethod of deriving a signal indicating an oscillation in an electric power supply systemUS6782057 *Dec 17, 2002Aug 24, 2004Xg Technology, LlcVery high-speed digital RF clipper/modulatorUS7180282 *Jul 11, 2003Feb 20, 2007Elster Electricity, LlcApparatus for metering at least one type of electrical power over a predetermined range of service voltagesUS7339805Jan 3, 2007Mar 4, 2008Elster Electricity, LlcPower supply having voltage blocking clampUS20030112892 *Dec 17, 2002Jun 19, 2003Island Labs, LlcVery high-speed digital RF clipper/modulatorDE3329090A1 *Aug 11, 1983May 30, 1984Landis & Gyr AgMark-space-amplituden-modulator zur ermittlung eines verbrauchs von blindleistung oder von blindenergieEP0049520A1 *Oct 6, 1981Apr 14, 1982Square D CompanyElectronic watt/var transducer* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification324/142International ClassificationG01R21/00Cooperative ClassificationG01R21/001European ClassificationG01R21/00ARotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text:
Maryland man puts out an all-points bulletin for miniature police badges - The Washington Post
Maryland man puts out an all-points bulletin for miniature police badges
David Peller of Silver Spring collects miniature badges that law enforcement agencies give out as souvenirs. He has about 2,000 and is always on the lookout for more. (John Kelly/The Washington Post)
By John Kelly By John Kelly Email the author Columnist February 26, 2014 Email the author Follow @JohnKelly
“Excuse the mess,” David Peller says as we enter the study of his Silver Spring apartment.
The room doesn’t look that messy to me. It just evinces the sort of honest dishevelment you’d expect in the sanctum of an 81-year-old man who has a lot of interests. There are piles of books and magazines, stacks of newspaper clippings, the opened hard drive of an old computer. . . .
I’m here to see the badges.
David pulls a frame from a bookcase. Behind glass and neatly pinned to squares of crimson velvet are tiny metal badges. They are quarter-scale souvenir replicas of badges carried or worn by law enforcement officials the world over.
U.S. Department of State Diplomatic Security Service Special Agent. Edwards Air Force Base Security Police Officer. Department of the Army Walter Reed Chief of Police. U.S. Customs Special Agent (which is not to be confused with U.S. Customs Inspector or U.S. Customs Customs Officer).
“They’re all different,” David says. “Of course, a lot use the same basic model. Like some only use eagles. Or stars. Sheriffs use primarily the star. But there are variations. Gold. Silver. Five points, four points, six points, ad infinitum, no end to it.”
And no end to collecting. David estimates that he has acquired 2,000 badges since he started amassing them in 1987.
He has mini-badges from France (“some of the prettiest”) and Canada (“They’re very colorful”) and England (“They’re usually on the bobbies’ helmets”).
“I’m dealing with a guy in Malta,” he says. “I’m trying to get one from his department.”
David is a retired federal worker. He declines to be more specific but allows that he spent most of his career overseas, in France, Germany, England and Spain. I like to think he did wet work for the CIA, a la Jason Bourne.
To be a hard-core collector is to experience tiny shivers of satisfaction within a larger framework of disappointment. How can you possibly own every single Marvel comic book/milk glass candy dish/Leica camera/ Zippo lighter/Orwell first edition? The collector’s life is an endless hunt.
“I’d like to have a pin for every police agency in the world or just the United States,” David says. “It’s something that you strive for.”
David says he’s never been on eBay. “I’m probably too ignorant to know how it works,” he says.
If he did venture there, David would see that the prices of miniature police badges range from $5 to $40. (“People are greedy,” he says.)
He once took some of his pins to Police Week, the event that draws thousands of officers to Washington each May.
“I had a frame of the miniature badge pins of all the state police and highway patrols in the United States,” he says. “Under each state was the state flag, and under that was a little oval label which had the two initials of the state. One guy came up to me and — it’s no lie — he offered me 1,200 bucks. I refused it.”
David would never sell a badge — or pay for one. He’s strictly a trader. He attends a few pin and badge shows every year — there’s a good one in Riverdale — and is happy to unload his duplicates if it brings him new examples. He has a bunch of law enforcement patches that he trades, too. (He’d love to trade with you. E-mail him at l.e.pins@erols.com.)
He’ll never be done collecting badges, of course, but when he’s done collecting, David wants his collection to go to the National Law Enforcement Museum, under construction at Judiciary Square.
David suspects that law enforcement agencies are handing out fewer miniature police badges these days. There’s the cost of producing them. Also, the rising popularity of challenge coins may have overshadowed them. Then there’s the security issue. While no one would mistake a thumb-size badge for the real thing, the finely detailed mini-badges could be used to create something realistic.
When he was a kid growing up on the Lower East Side of New York, David collected stamps. He joined the Air Force and was sent to Europe.
“I brought my own souvenir back to the States,” he says.
That’s Micheline, his French-born wife of 60 years. Micheline has her own collection: hat pins, more than 400 of them.

value: This website is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most-widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area, and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia.


text:
Memory Effects: The Holocaust and the Art of Secondary Witnessing by Dora... 9780813530499 | eBay
See more Memory Effects: The Holocaust and the Art of S...
Details about Memory Effects: The Holocaust and the Art of Secondary Witnessing by Dora...
Memory Effects: The Holocaust and the Art of Secondary Witnessing by Dora...
eBay item number:162218442943
18 Feb, 2017 07:47:25 AEDST View all revisions
DescriptionIn the post-Holocaust era of continuing gecides and ethnic warfare, there is a widespread compulsion to confront the attempted Nazi extermination of the Jews before the last survivors disappear forever. Dora Apel analyzes the ways in which artists born after the Holocaust - whom she calls secondary witnesses - represent a history they did t experience first hand. These individuals have deeply internalized the horror of these events, but their representations of the past include the cultural and political conditions of the present in which the past is considered. Apel shows that contemporary artists confront the Holocaust in order to bear witness t to the Holocaust directly, but to its memory effects and to the implications of those effects for the present and future. Drawing on projects that employ a variety of urthodox artistic strategies, Apel provides a unique understanding of contemporary representations of the Holocaust. She demonstrates how these artists frame the past within the conditions of the present, the subversive use of documentary and the archive, the effects of the Jewish gecide on issues of difference and identity, and the use of rep resentation as a form of resistance to historical closure.Key FeaturesAuthor(s)Dora ApelPublisherRutgers University PressDate of Publication31/07/2002LanguageEnglishFormatPaperbackISBN-100813530490ISBN-139780813530499SubjectFine Arts / Art HistoryPublication DataPlace of PublicationNew Brunswick, NJCountry of PublicationUnited StatesImprintRutgers University PressOut-of-print date25/06/2013Content Note6 colour and 63 b&w illustrationsDimensionsWeight635 gWidth178 mmHeight254 mmSpine15 mmDescriptionAuthor BiographyDORA APEL is the W. Hawkins Ferry Chair in Twentieth-Century Art History and Criticism at Wayne State University. She has been the volume editor for several exhibition catalogs at the Cranbrook Art Museum, including Three Decades of Contemporary Art: The Dr. John and Rose M. Shuey Collection, Inigo Manglano-Ovalle, and Weird Science.	Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
"Memory Effects: The Holocaust and the Art of Secondary..."
Art Canvas Decorative Posters & Prints with 3D Effect,
Art Decorative Posters & Prints with 3D Effect,
Art Deco Decorative Posters & Prints with 3D Effect,
Art Unbranded Decorative Posters & Prints with 3D Effect


text:
Booking.com: Hotels in Talty Lake. Book your hotel now! part of The Priceline Group
Talty Lake: 108 properties found
Housed in a 14th-century Teutonic castle in Ryn, the 4-star Hotel Zamek Ryn features a free swimming pool, located in the castle’s Gothic vaults and free on-site spa with a hot tub, saunas and a...
Located in Mikołajki, Ach Mazury is right by Lake Mikołajskie and 300 metres from a forest. Rooms here will provide you with a flat-screen TV with satellite channels, a fridge and an electric kettle. Booked once in the last 48 hours
Apartamenty Portowe is located in the centre of Mikołajki. It features spacious apartments with a fully-equipped kitchenette and a view of the Mikołajki Lake. Parking is provided on site. Booked 4 times today
Ryński Młyn is a renovated medieval mill, a part of Teutonic Order castle buildings. It offers unique rooms located in between two lakes. Free Wi-Fi internet is available. Latest Booking: February 22
Hotel Na Skarpie is located right by Lake Mikołajskie, offering pastel-coloured rooms with free WiFi. Guests are welcome to relax in the spa centre. Booked twice today
Villa Bella Italia offers accommodation in rooms with private bathrooms and free WiFi. It is located in the centre of the picturesque Masurian town, Mikołajki, just 200 metres from Mikołajskie Lake. Latest booking: 1 hour ago
Aparthotel Mikołajki is located in the centre of Mikołajki, in the Masurian Lake District. It features rooms with free Wi-Fi and satellite TV. Guarded parking places are provided on site. Latest Booking: February 20
Located on the shore of Mikołaskie lake, in the quiet bay, Hotel Amax offers comfortable accommodation with free Wi-Fi. Booked 2 times in the last 48 hours
Located in Mikołajki in the Masuria Lake District, only 500 metres from Lake Tałty and 600 metres from Tropikana Aqua Park, Hotelik Mazurska Chata Close to Aquapark and Skilift offers a restaurant. Booked 3 times in the last 48 hours
Apartamenty M&M are located a 100 metres from the Lake Tałty and 4.8 km from the centre of Mikołajki. The property offers accommodation in modern suites with free WiFi. Booked 2 times in the last 48 hours
Hotel Santa Monica is located in the centre of Mikołajki, in the heart of the beautiful Masuria Lake District. It offers accommodation with an outdoor swimming pool. Booked 2 times in the last 48 hours
Gościniec Pod Lipą is located in Mikołajki and it is surrounded by a garden with a sandpit and a trampoline for children. Free WiFi access is available. Very Good
New House Apartamenty offers pet-friendly accommodations in Mikołajki. Sailors' Village is 109 yards away. All units include a flat-screen TV. There is also a kitchenette, fitted with a refrigerator. Reservation possible without a credit card
Willa Pod Zamkiem is a 19th century city house located by Lake Ryńskie, offering classically decorated rooms with free wired internet. Latest Booking: February 21
Apartamenty Nowe Mikołajki is located right on the banks of Lake Mikołajki, next to a popular promenade full of shops and restaurants. Booked once in the last 48 hours
108 properties found in Talty Lake.
Save up to 50% in Talty Lake!
144972,207194,197382,165077,208943,211129,205682,201380,195650,203613,204693,204666,210648,205512,204697,196643,202212,206184,204701,204695,208078,202675,210718,211082,207103|1,208579,209640,205875,208802,202398|1,205232,203372,211007,210115,183127|2,204335,206104,143209,210309,200440,207217,210306,208823,205443,204536,209566,208632,205103,202643,201964,207884,183127,210857,205564,198584,205732,210704,183127|3,208435,207366,208691,208056,206882,205460,201380|2,203375,205697,204699,208222,209029,209796,201435,207486,200497,206793,204742,185503,208469,208782,202398,205460|1,192261,206358

value: This website is a Dutch online travel agency for lodging reservations & other travel products, and a subsidiary of Booking Holdings. It is headquartered in Amsterdam.The website has over 28 million listings.


text:
SOLOMON BURKE 4 Sealed Vinyl LP Lot Gospel SouL Savoy | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
View: Gallery view SOLOMON BURKE 4 Sealed Vinyl LP Lot Gospel SouL S...: SOLOMON BURKE 4 Sealed Vinyl LP Lot Gospel SouL Savoy0 results. You may also like
SOLOMON BURKE 12" ORIG '82 SAVOY SCS-0002 RARE GOSPEL SOUL XMAS CHRISTMAS SEALED
BEVERLY GLENN: Just Me and My Lord SAVOY black gospel DEEP SOUL vinyl LP
SOUL CLAN ATCO STEREO FUNK SOUL LP 1969 VINYL RECORD JOE TEX SOLOMON BURKE
SWAN SILVERTONES: Since I Laid My Burden SAVOY black gospel SEALED vinyl LP
Soul Alive! by Solomon Burke (CD, Sep-1989, Rounder) SEALED
COOL BREEZE LP OST. Blaxploitation FUNK DJ BREAKS SOLOMON BURKE SOUL PIMP MOVIE
LEONTINE DUPREE: One More Sunny Day SAVOY Black Gospel Soul VINYL LP Rare
VOICES OF UNITY: I’m Heaven Bound SAVOY black gospel FUNK SOUL vinyl lp SHRINK
SOLOMON BURKE: Silent Night 12 (PC) Black Gospel
Into My Life You Came [Vinyl LP] by Solomon Burke Savoy Records Gospel Funk 1982
Solomon Burke - This Is It (Apollo Soul Origins) CD new
WHITE BROTHERS: Way of Life SAVOY Gospel Soul Funk VINYL LP Rare SHRINK NM- Wax
THE HOLY LIGHTS He Will Answer Prayer LP Savoy Gospel Xian 1978 FUNK SOUL R&B
VOICES OF CHRIST: Somehow I Can Sing SEALED Savoy MG 14269 vinyl lp BLACK GOSPEL
SOLOMON BURKE: Music To Make Love By LP Sealed (re) Soul
Solomon Burke - Lord, I Need A Miracle Right Now on SAVOY Records SL 14660
HIS: When the Lord Delivers Me RARE Savoy Black Gospel VINYL lp Soul Rare
BL & S: Just to Behold His Face SAVOY Black Gospel SHRINK Vinyl LP Soul Rare
BROTHER NAPOLEON BROWN w/ SOUTHERN SISTERS: Rare BLACK GOSPEL Savoy LP Soul
THE SALEM INSPIRATIONAL CHOIR: rare BLACK GOSPEL vinyl lp SAVOY rare SOUL clean
THE WHITE BROTHERS-THE WAY OF LIFE ON SAVOY GOSPEL SOUL LP-NM, IN SHRINK!
Best Of Solomon Burke - Solomon Burke 180gm (Vinyl Used Very Good) 180gm Vinyl
O’NEAL TWINS: There’s A Miracle on the Way USA Savoy Black Gospel Soul VINYL LP
Solomon Burke - Best Of LP NEW 180g compilation
JAMES CLEVELAND Presents CRAIG BROTHERS LIVE Savoy BLACK GOSPEL LP SEALED
Solomon Burke - Solomon Burke's Greatest Hits [CD New]
BURKE,SOLOMON-SOUL ALIVE! CD NEW
CONSOLERS: Give God Thanks SAVOY Black Gospel SHRINK Vinyl LP
The Soul Stirrers - Soul's In But Gospel's Out Of Sight - SEALED LP - Checker -
`Burke, Solomon`-You Can Run But You Can`T Hide VINYL LP NEW
Solomon Burke - Best Of Solomon Burke [Vinyl New]
Solomon Burke by Solomon Burke (CD, Jun-2016, Hallmark)
GOSPEL CLEFS: Go Down SAVOY black gospel SOUL 45 VG++ hear


text: and oversight and government reform committee chairman tom davis. hello, gentlemen. nice to have you back. >> good morning. >> representative frost, we heard senator barroso there. does president obama want to go over the cliff? >> no, i don't believe that at all, alex. i've talked to people at a high level of the white house. they are concerned the effect this could have on the stock market, on our economy generally as well as the world markets. they don't want to go over the cliff. they've made a reasonable offer. they've moved to $400,000 as a cutoff, let everybody under that amount have their tax cuts. i feel sorry for speaker boehner who couldn't deliver his own party. if he'd been able to do that, at least somebody would have headed over to the senate and there could have been action. senate has to originate something. up to mitch mcconnell and harry reid to figure out something, send it back to the republicans in the house and hope enough will join democrat and vote for it. >> given the reasons for which mr. boehner was unable to deliver his own caucus in the house, do you think an Search Results 0 to 31 of about 32 (some duplicates have been removed)

value: This website is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and millions of books.


text:
Welcome Super heros being made daily by Sewingmommy on Etsy
Welcome! Super heros being made daily!
Announcement We are open for the fall season!!! get all your Super hero capes now!
we have a two week process time then your order will ship out.
HALLOWEEN CUT OFF IS OCTOBER 2nd!!!
We are open for the fall season!!! get all your Super hero capes now!
Karla Calvo on Jan 3, 2016
I like it but I wish it was a little longer on the sides , I still love how it looks on the camera, thankyou!
Camera Strap Cover - for DSLR cameras -Made with high quality padding - Glamor girl floral
Karissa on Dec 28, 2015
Camera Strap Cover - for DSLR cameras -Made with high quality padding - Cosmo Dots
Mom of Boy on Dec 8, 2015
Beautiful!! I will be back in the Spring for a new one with flowers!!
Adult half apron with winter cardinal print
My youngest son loves to be like mom and pretend to sew on the machine. :)
The oldest son, who is every super hero imaginable
The best sellers in Super Heros! ( In process)
I have so much fabric! If I love it, I have to buy it.
Sewing Mommy is a small business that was created with kids in mind.
When I was about 16 I started to sew. I used my mothers sewing machine all the time. I loved to make new things, it gave me a great feeling when I accomplished something great all on my own. I had learned how to sew from my late grandmother ( she passed when I was 16) she has a sewing area in her house and some of the first things I remember was making heart pillows with her that I gave to my mom. Maybe thats why I am so into sewing now, because I got a taste of it when I was younger. I also remember making things like bean bags with my mom too.
So the christmas I turned 17 my parents got me my own machine, and I got a job at JoAnn fabrics where I worked for 9 years, which is definitly where I experimented with LOTS of new projects. And became educated on different sewing techniques.
Sewing Mommy started in the Summer of 2008. At that time I had begun working on projects that I thought were fun that my son who was 6 months would like. I was home from work with a knee surgery and decided to put all my projects up for sale to keep me occupied. I worked in my etsy shop part time when ever I could while I was working a full time bank job from 2008 to 2009 .
Then it came to me in 2010, and opportunity to stay home when I had my second son. I took the chance knowing that the only way that we could make it was if I did my etsy shop FULL time. My husband was a great supporter and told me to do what I love and that we would be fine. He is very helpful and understanding when it comes to my work. I over took our dining room ( which we didnt really need :)) and made it my work room. That way I wasnt too far from the family at any given time.
I added alot of new items and thought up a bunch of new creations that I thought kids and adult would love. I am still working on new things all the time in between orders and family. Sewing Mommy has grown so much from 2008, I am so thankful that it has blossomed this much and helps me be a stay at home mom as well. I never dreamed that I would be able to get as far as I have. So thank you to all my supporters/ customers, without you my shop my not be here <3
Thank you for my husband who encourages me to do anything that I want to and supports all of my creations no matter how crazy they may be! Hes such a great Husband and Daddy!
As far as how the shop works, I am usually a one man show.
I do all the sewing, all the work and I ship it. I sometimes have helpers when I need them. But for the most part it is all me :)
I am the owner of SewingMommy. I have two wonderful kids and a great husband. I am always working on new and exciting creations!
Please note that all purchases are made to order and are all at a PROCESS time of 2 weeks then shipped. Thanks!!
My family is very important to me, so my shop will be closed every saturday and sunday so I can spend time with them. Then I will be back open during the week :)
Everything of course is handmade.I just became a stay at home mom! So this is my income :) I have a two little boys who are by my side while I am sewing. If there is anything that you would like that I do not offer let me know because I am sure that I could make it for you!
I accept paypal and money orders. If paying with paypal I should have payment within 24 hours of selling the item. I will consider the order to make after payment is recieved. If paying with money order please send out asap, and I will ship as soon as recieved.
I ship usps. I ship about twice a week. If you need to know when your order is being shipped please convo me. Thanks!
Please note that any order has a process time of 2 weeks then shipped. Thanks for your patience!
I'm sorry but I do not except refunds or exchanges.
You have a choice to get insurance on your items, just convo me and I can set that up. out of 2600 items only had 2 get lost of distroyed in shipping.
If there is anything that you would like special ordered let me know I would love to make it!
Thanks for looking. Please note that any order has a process time of 2 weeks then shipped. Thanks for your patience!

value: This website is an American e-commerce company focused on handmade or vintage items and craft supplies.