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Well-positioned in Subang, Hotel Newton Subang is the ideal point of departure for your excursions in Kuala Lumpur. From here, guests can enjoy easy access to all that the lively city has to offer. For sightseeing options and local attractions, one need not look far as the hotel enjoys close proximity to Monterez Golf & Country Club, Subang Airport, Bukit Cahaya Seri Alam (Agriculture Garden). Hotel Newton Subang also offers many facilities to enrich your stay in Kuala Lumpur. While lodging at this wonderful property, guests can enjoy laundry service, family room, 24-hour room service, free Wi-Fi in all rooms, safety deposit boxes. The ambiance of Hotel Newton Subang is reflected in every guestroom. internet access – wireless, satellite/cable TV, desk, air conditioning, shower are just some of the facilities that can be found throughout the property. Besides, the hotel's host of recreational offerings ensures you have plenty to do during your stay. With an ideal location and facilities to match, Hotel Newton Subang hits the spot in many ways.
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Well-placed in the shopping, restaurants, nightlife area of Kuala Lumpur city, Hotel Sri Sutra - Sungai Buloh provides a most conducive spot for you to take a break from your busy days. From here, guests can enjoy easy access to all that the lively city has to offer. No less exceptional is the hotel's easy access to the city's myriad attractions and landmarks, such as Maternity Hospital, Seri Selangor Golf Course, Tropicana Golf & Country Resort. Hotel Sri Sutra - Sungai Buloh also offers many facilities to enrich your stay in Kuala Lumpur. Wi-Fi in public areas, free Wi-Fi in all rooms, smoking area, safety deposit boxes are just a few of the facilities that set Hotel Sri Sutra - Sungai Buloh apart from other hotels in the city. Step into one of 30 inviting rooms and escape the stresses of the day with a wide range of amenities such as shower, desk, coffee/tea maker, television, satellite/cable TV which can be found in some rooms. Besides, the hotel's host of recreational offerings ensures you have plenty to do during your stay. Whatever your purpose of visit, Hotel Sri Sutra - Sungai Buloh is an excellent choice for your stay in Kuala Lumpur.
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Built in 2011, JJ Boutique Hotel Kota Damansara is a distinct addition to Kuala Lumpur and a smart choice for travelers. From here, guests can enjoy easy access to all that the lively city has to offer. Also within easy reach are Seri Selangor Golf Course, Mutiara Damansara, Cathay Cineleisure. The facilities and services provided by JJ Boutique Hotel Kota Damansara ensure a pleasant stay for guests. This hotel offers numerous on-site facilities to satisfy even the most discerning guest. The ambiance of JJ Boutique Hotel Kota Damansara is reflected in every guestroom. coffee/tea maker, air conditioning, internet access – wireless, internet access – wireless (complimentary), television LCD/plasma screen are just some of the facilities that can be found throughout the property. Besides, the hotel's host of recreational offerings ensures you have plenty to do during your stay. Whatever your reason for visiting Kuala Lumpur, the JJ Boutique Hotel Kota Damansara is the perfect venue for an exhilarating and exciting break away.
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For travelers who want to take in the sights and sounds of Kuala Lumpur, Smart Hotel-R The Strand is the perfect choice. From here, guests can enjoy easy access to all that the lively city has to offer. With its convenient location, the hotel offers easy access to the city's must-see destinations. Take advantage of a wealth of unrivaled services and amenities at this Kuala Lumpur hotel. Free Wi-Fi in all rooms, car park, shops, Wi-Fi in public areas are just a few of the facilities that set Smart Hotel-R The Strand apart from other hotels in the city. Experience high quality room facilities during your stay here. Some rooms include television LCD/plasma screen, internet access – wireless, satellite/cable TV, air conditioning, shower, provided to help guests recharge after a long day. Besides, the hotel's host of recreational offerings ensures you have plenty to do during your stay. Whatever your reason for visiting Kuala Lumpur, the Smart Hotel-R The Strand is the perfect venue for an exhilarating and exciting break away.
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If what you're looking for is a conveniently located hotel in Kuala Lumpur, look no further than Best View Hotel Kota Damansara 2. From here, guests can enjoy easy access to all that the lively city has to offer. A well-kempt environment and its proximity to Seri Selangor Golf Course, Mutiara Damansara, Cathay Cineleisure give to this hotel a special charm. Best View Hotel Kota Damansara 2 offers impeccable service and all the essential amenities to invigorate travelers. For the comfort and convenience of guests, the hotel offers free Wi-Fi in all rooms, elevator, Wi-Fi in public areas, smoking area. Best View Hotel Kota Damansara 2 is home to 24 bedrooms. All are tastefully furnished and many even provide such comforts as satellite/cable TV, internet access – wireless (complimentary), desk, air conditioning, internet access – wireless. Besides, the hotel's host of recreational offerings ensures you have plenty to do during your stay. Whatever your reason for visiting Kuala Lumpur, the Best View Hotel Kota Damansara 2 is the perfect venue for an exhilarating and exciting break away.
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7 Star Boutique Hotel9 Square HotelASHLEY Boutique HotelBest View Hotel Kota DamansaraBest View Hotel Kota Damansara 2
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Patent US20070054962 - Method for treating acute or chronic pain - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe present invention concerns the use of compounds of the Formula (I) for treating different types of acute and chronic pain, especially non neuropathic inflammatory pain in mammals. The pain to be treated may be e.g. chronic inflammatory pain, rheumatoid arthritis pain and/or secondary inflammatory...http://www.google.com/patents/US20070054962?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20070054962 - Method for treating acute or chronic painAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20070054962 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/507,110Publication dateMar 8, 2007Filing dateAug 21, 2006Priority dateMar 20, 2001Also published asCA2419397A1, CA2419397C, CN1498103A, CN100415225C, CN101332292A, CN101332292B, DE60120104D1, DE60120104T2, DE60232407D1, DE122009000053I1, EP1243262A1, EP1243262B1, EP1373300A2, EP1373300B1, US6803481, US8053476, US20030171300, US20050085423, WO2002074784A2, WO2002074784A3Publication number11507110, 507110, US 2007/0054962 A1, US 2007/054962 A1, US 20070054962 A1, US 20070054962A1, US 2007054962 A1, US 2007054962A1, US-A1-20070054962, US-A1-2007054962, US2007/0054962A1, US2007/054962A1, US20070054962 A1, US20070054962A1, US2007054962 A1, US2007054962A1InventorsNorma SelveOriginal AssigneeNorma SelveExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (8), Classifications (20), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod for treating acute or chronic painUS 20070054962 A1Abstract The present invention concerns the use of compounds of the Formula (I) for treating different types of acute and chronic pain, especially non neuropathic inflammatory pain in mammals. The pain to be treated may be e.g. chronic inflammatory pain, rheumatoid arthritis pain and/or secondary inflammatory osteoarthritic pain. The compounds show an antinociceptive profile and differ from classical analgesics like opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs) and are useful as specific analgesics. Images(1) Claims(19)
1-35. (canceled) 36. A method for treating a mammal suffering from or susceptible to acute or chronic pain, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a compound having the formula wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl, lower alkyl heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl or lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, and R is unsubstituted or is substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group or electron donating group; R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl lower alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic lower alkyl, heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl or lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, each unsubstituted or substituted with an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group; R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl lower alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl, lower alkyl heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, or Z-Y, wherein R2 and R3 are independently unsubstituted or substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group or electron donating group, and wherein heterocyclic in R2 and R3 is furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, piperidyl, pyrrolinyl, piperazinyl, quinolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, morpholinyl, benzoxazolyl, tetrahydrofuryl, pyranyl, indazolyl, purinyl, indolinyl, pyrazolindinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolindinyl, pyrrolidinyl, furazanyl, N-methylindolyl, methylfuryl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridyl, epoxy, aziridino, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, or an N-oxide thereof; Z is O, S, S(O)2, NR4, PR4 or a chemical bond; Y is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, halo, heterocyclic or heterocyclic lower alkyl, and Y is unsubstituted or substituted with an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, provided that when Y is halo, Z is a chemical bond, or Z-Y taken together is NR4NR5R7, NR4OR5, ONR4R7, OPR4R5, PR4OR5, SNR4R7, NR4SR7, SPR4R5, PR4SR7, NR4PR5R6, PR4NR5R7, R4, R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl, wherein R4, R5 and R6 are independently unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; R7 is COOR8, COR8, hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; R8 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or aryl lower alkyl, wherein an aryl or alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; and n is 1-4; wherein each electron withdrawing group is independently bromo, fluoro, chloro, iodo, nitro, carboxy, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, formyl, carboxyamido, aryl, quaternary ammonium, trifluoromethyl, aryl lower alkanoyl or carbalkoxy; and wherein each electron donating group is independently hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, amino, lower alkylamino, di(lower alkyl)amino, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkylthio, lower alkylmercapto or lower alkyldithio; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein, in the formula for said compound, R is substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein, in the formula for said compound, R is substituted with at least one electron donating group. 39. The method of claim 36, wherein, in the formula for said compound, R2 or R3 is a monocyclic heterocyclic moiety of formula or a partially or fully saturated form thereof, wherein n is 0 or 1; R50 is hydrogen, an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; and A, E, G, L and J are independently CH or a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S; wherein at most two of A, E, G, L and J are heteroatoms. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein, in the formula for said compound, n is 1; R is aryl or aryl lower alkyl wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted; R1 is lower alkyl; R2 is hydrogen; and R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group which is substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group, or Z-Y. 41. The method of claim 36, wherein the effective amount is about 1 mg to about 100 mg per kg body weight per day. 42. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is administered orally. 43. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is administered intravenously. 44. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is administered intramuscularly. 45. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is administered subcutaneously. 46. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is the L-stereoisomer. 47. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is the D-stereoisomer. 48. A method for treating a mammal suffering from or susceptible to acute or chronic pain, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound having the formula wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl, lower alkyl heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl or lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, and R is unsubstituted or is substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group or electron donating group; R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl lower alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic lower alkyl, heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl or lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, each unsubstituted or substituted with an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group; R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl lower alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl, lower alkyl heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, or Z-Y, wherein R2 and R3 are independently unsubstituted or substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group or electron donating group, and wherein heterocyclic in R2 and R3 is furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, piperidyl, pyrrolinyl, piperazinyl, quinolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, morpholinyl, benzoxazolyl, tetrahydrofuryl, pyranyl, indazolyl, purinyl, indolinyl, pyrazolindinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolindinyl, pyrrolidinyl, furazanyl, N-methylindolyl, methylfuryl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridyl, epoxy, aziridino, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, or an N-oxide thereof; Z is O, S, S(O)2, NR4, PR4 or a chemical bond; Y is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, halo, heterocyclic or heterocyclic lower alkyl, and Y is unsubstituted or substituted with an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, provided that when Y is halo, Z is a chemical bond, or Z-Y taken together is NR4NR5R7, NR4OR5, ONR4R7, OPR4R5, PR4OR5, SNR4R7, NR4SR7, SPR4R5, PR4SR7, NR4PR5R6, PR4NR5R7, R4, R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl, wherein R4, R5 and R6 are independently unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; R7 is COOR8, CORA, hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; R8 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or aryl lower alkyl, wherein an aryl or alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; and n is 1-4; wherein each electron withdrawing group is independently bromo, fluoro, chloro, iodo, nitro, carboxy, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, formyl, carboxyamido, aryl, quaternary ammonium, trifluoromethyl, aryl lower alkanoyl or carbalkoxy; and wherein each electron donating group is independently hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, amino, lower alkylamino, di(lower alkyl)amino, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkylthio, lower alkylmercapto or lower alkyldithio; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the composition further comprises a supplementary active ingredient. 50. The method of claim 48, wherein said compound is present in the carrier in a proportion of about 1 to about 750 mg/ml. 51. The method of claim 48, wherein, in the formula for said compound, R2 or R3 is a monocyclic heterocyclic moiety of formula or a partially or fully saturated form thereof; wherein n is 0 or 1; R50 is hydrogen, an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; and A, E, G, L and J are independently CH or a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S; wherein at most two of A, E, G, L and f are heteroatoms. 52. The method of claim 48, wherein, in the formula for said compound, n is 1; R is aryl or aryl lower alkyl wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted; R1 is lower alkyl; R2 is hydrogen; and R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group which is substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group, or Z-Y. 53. The method of claim 48, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of (R)-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropioniamide; O-methyl-N-acetyl-D-serine-m-fluorobenzylamide; O-methyl-N-acetyl-D-serine-p-fluorobenzylamide; N-acetyl-D-phenylglycinebenzylamide; D-1,2-(N,O-dimethylhydroxylamino)-2-acetamido acetic acid benzylamide; D-1,2-(O-methylhydroxylamino)-2-acetamido acetic acid benzylamide; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
This application is a continuation of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 10/962,240 filed on Oct. 8, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/344,885, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,803,481, which is a national stage of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP02/03034 filed on Feb. 11, 2003, which claims priority of European patent application No. EP 01 106 891.3, filed on Mar. 20, 2001. Each of the above referenced applications is incorporated herein in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to the novel use of a peptide class of compound for treating different types and symptoms of acute and chronic pain, especially non-neuropathic inflammatory pain. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Certain peptides are known to exhibit central nervous system (CNS) activity and are useful in the treatment of epilepsy and other CNS disorders. These peptides which are described in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,729 have the Formula (I): wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl lower alkyl heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, and R is unsubstituted or is substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group or electron donating group; R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl lower alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic lower alkyl, heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, each unsubstituted or substituted with an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group; R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl lower alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl, lower alkyl heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, or Z-Y wherein R2 and R3 may be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group or electron donating group; Z is O, S, S(O)2, NR4, PR4 or a chemical bond; Y is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, halo, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl, and Y may be unsubstituted or substituted with an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, provided that when Y is halo, Z is a chemical bond, or Z-Y taken together is NR4NR5R7, NR4OR5, ONR4R7, OPR4R5, PR4OR5, SNR4R7, NR4SR7, SPR4R5, PR4SR7, NR4PR5R6, PR4NR5R7, R4, R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, or lower alkynyl, wherein R4, R5 and R6 may be unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; R7 is R6 or COOR8 or COR8; R8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, or aryl lower alkyl, and the aryl or alkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; n is 1-4; and a is 1-3. U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,475 also discloses additional compounds useful for treating CNS disorders. These compounds are N-benzyl-2-amino-3-methoxy-propionamide having the Formula (II): wherein Ar is aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halo; R3 is lower alkoxy; and R1 is lower alkyl especially methyl. The above-cited patents are hereby incorporated by reference. However neither of these patents describe the use of these compounds as specific analgesics for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, especially rheumatic inflammatory pain. Particularly the antinociceptive profile and properties of this class of compounds are not disclosed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention relates to the novel use of a compound having Formula (I) and/or Formula (II) showing antinociceptive properties for treating different types and symptoms of acute and chronic pain, especially non neuropathic inflammatory pain. Particularly the present invention concerns the use of said compounds of Formulae (I) and/or (II) for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of different types and symptoms of acute and chronic pain, especially non neuropathic inflammatory pain. This include chronic inflammatory pain e.g. rheumatoid arthritis pain and/or secondary inflammatory osteoarthritic pain. A compound according to the invention has the general Formula (I) wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl, lower alkyl heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, and R is unsubstituted or is substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group, or electron donating group; R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl lower alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic lower alkyl, heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, each unsubstituted or substituted with an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group; R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl lower alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl, lower alkyl heterocyclic, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyl lower alkyl, or Z-Y wherein R2 and R3 may be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group or electron donating group; Z is O, S, S(O)2, NR4, PR4 or a chemical bond; Y is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, halo, heterocyclic, heterocyclic lower alkyl, and Y may be unsubstituted or substituted with an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, provided that when Y is halo, Z is a chemical bond, or Z-Y taken together is NR4NR5R7, NR4OR5, ONR4R7, OPR4R1, PR4OR5, SNR4R7, NR4SR7, SPR4R5, PR4SR7, NR4PR5R6, PR4NR5R7, R4, R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, aryl lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, or lower alkynyl, wherein R4, R5 and R6 may be unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; R7 is independently R6 or COOR8 or COR8; P8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, or aryl lower alkyl, and the aryl or alkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group; n is 1-4; and a is 1-3. Furthermore a compound according to the invention has the general Formula (II) wherein Ar is aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halo; R3 is lower alkoxy; and R1 is lower alkyl, especially methyl. The present invention is also directed to the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound according to Formula (I) and/or Formula (II) useful for the treatment of rheumatic inflammatory pain.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As indicated hereinabove, the compounds of Formula I are useful for treating pain, particularly non neuropathic inflammatory pain. This type of pain includes chronic inflammatory pain e.g. rheumatoid arthritis pain and/or secondary inflammatory osteoarthritic pain. They show an anti-nociceptive effectiveness. These compounds are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,729, the contents of which are incorporated by reference. As defined herein, the �alkyl� groups when used alone or in combination with other groups, are lower alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and may be straight chain or branched. These groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, amyl, hexyl, and the like. The �aryl lower alkyl� groups include, for example, benzyl, phenethyl, phenpropyl, phenisopropyl, phenbutyl, diphenylmethyl, 1,1-diphenylethyl, 1,2-diphenylethyl, and the like. The term �aryl�, when used alone or in combination, refers to an aromatic group which contains from 6 up to 18 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 25 carbon atoms and includes the polynuclear aromatics. These aryl groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or polycyclic and are fused rings. A polynuclear aromatic compound as used herein, is meant to encompass bicyclic and tricyclic fused aromatic ring systems containing from 10-18 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 25 carbon atoms. The aryl group includes phenyl, and the polynuclear aromatics e.g., naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, azulenyl and the like. The aryl group also includes groups like ferrocyenyl. �Lower alkenyl� is an alkenyl group containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one double bond. These groups may be straight chained or branched and may be in the Z or E form. Such groups include vinyl, propenyl, 1-butenyl, isobutenyl, 2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, (Z)-2-pentenyl, (E)-2-pentenyl, (Z)-4-methyl-2-pentenyl, (E)-4-methyl-2-pentenyl, pentadienyl, e.g., 1,3- or 2,4-pentadienyl, and the like. The term �lower alkynyl� is an alkynyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms and may be straight chained as well as branched. It includes such groups as ethynyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-methyl-1-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl and the like. The term �lower cycloalkyl� when used alone or in combination is a cycloalkyl group containing from 3 to 18 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 25 carbon atoms. The cycloalkyl groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or polycyclic and the rings are fused. The cycloalkyl may be completely saturated or partially saturated. Examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclooctenyl, cycloheptenyl, decalinyl, hydroindanyl, indanyl, fenchyl, pinenyl, adamantyl, and the like. Cycloalkyl includes the cis or trans forms. Furthermore, the substituents may either be in endo or exo positions in the bridged bicyclic systems. The terms �electron withdrawing� and �electron donating� refer to the ability of a substituent to withdraw or donate electrons, respectively, relative to that of hydrogen if the hydrogen atom occupied the same position in the molecule. These terms are well understood by one skilled in the art and are discussed in Advanced Organic Chemistry, by J. March, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., pp. 16-18 (1985) and the discussion therein is incorporated herein by reference. Electron withdrawing groups include halo, including bromo, fluoro, chloro, iodo and the like; nitro, carboxy, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, formyl, carboxyamido, aryl, quaternary ammonium, trifluoromethyl, aryl lower aklyanoyl, carbalkoxy and the like. Electron donating groups include such groups as hydroxy, lower alkoxy, including methoxy, ethoxy and the like; lower alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, and the like; amino, lower alkylamino, di(loweralkyl)amino, aryloxy such as phenoxy, mercapto, lower alkylthio, lower alkylmercapto, disulfide (lower alkyldithio) and the like. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that some of the aforesaid substituents may be considered to be electron donating or electron withdrawing under different chemical conditions. Moreover, the present invention contemplates any combination of substituents selected from the above-identified groups. The term �halo� includes fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo and the like. The term �acyl� includes lower alkanoyl. As employed herein, the heterocyclic substituent contains at least one sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen ring atom, but also may include one or several of said atoms in the ring. The heterocyclic substituents contemplated by the present invention include heteroaromatics and saturated and partially saturated heterocyclic compounds. These heterocyclics may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or polycyclic and are fused rings. They may contain up to 18 ring atoms and up to a total of 17 ring carbon atoms and a total of up to 25 carbon atoms. The heterocyclics are also intended to include the so-called benzoheterocyclics. Representative heterocyclics include furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, piperidyl, pyrrolinyl, piperazinyl, quinolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, morpholinyl, benzoxazolyl, tetrahydrofuryl, pyranyl, indazolyl, purinyl, indolinyl, pyrazolindinyl, imidazolinyl, imadazolindinyl, pyrrolidinyl, furazanyl, N-methylindolyl, methylfuryl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridyl, epoxy, aziridino, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, the N-oxides of the nitrogen containing heterocycles, such as the nitric oxides of pyridyl, pyrazinyl, and pyrimidinyl and the like. The preferred heterocyclics are thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, indolyl, methylpyrrolyl, morpholinyl, pyridiyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, or pyridazinyl. The preferred heterocyclic is a 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic compound. The especially preferred heterocyclic is furyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, or pyridazinyl. The most preferred heterocyclics are furyl and pyridyl. The preferred compounds are those wherein n is 1, but di, tri and tetrapeptides are also contemplated to be within the scope of the claims. The preferred value of R is aryl lower alkyl, especially benzyl, especially those wherein the phenyl ring thereof is unsubstituted or substituted with electron donating groups or electron withdrawing groups, such as halo (e.g., F). The preferred R1 is H or lower alkyl. The most preferred R1 group is methyl. The most preferred electron donating substituents and electron withdrawing substituents are halo, nitro, alkanoyl, formyl, arylalkanoyl, aryloyl, carboxyl, carbalkoxy, carboxamido, cyano, sulfonyl, sulfoxide, heterocyclic, guanidine, quaternary ammonium, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, sulfonium salts, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, amino, lower alkylamino, di(loweralkyl)amino, amino lower alkyl, mercapto, mercaptoalkyl, alkyltlio, and alkyldithio. The term �sulfide� encompasses mercapto, mercapto alkyl and alkylthio, while the term disulfide encompasses alkyldithio. These preferred substituents may be substituted on any one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6, R7 or R8 as defined herein. The Z-Y groups representative of R2 and R3 include hydroxy, alkoxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, aryloxy, such as phenoxy; thioalkoxy, such as thiomethoxy, thioethoxy; thioaryloxy such as thiophenoxy; amino; alkylamino, such as methylamino, ethylamino; arylamino, such as anilino; lower dialkylamino, such as, dimethylamino; trialkyl ammonium salt, hydrazino; alkylhydrazino and arylhydrazino, such as N-methylhydrazino, N-phenylhydrazino, carbalkoxy hydrazino, aralkoxycarbonyl hydrazino, aryloxycarbonyl hydrazino, hydroxylamino, such as N-hydroxylalmino (�NH�OH), lower alkoxyamino [(NHOR18) wherein R18 is lower alkyl], N-lower alkylhydroxyl amino [(NR18)OH wherein R18 is lower alkyl], N-lower alkyl-O-lower alkylhydroxyamino, i.e., [N(R18)OR19 wherein R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl], and O-hydroxylamino (�O�NH2); alkylamido such as acetamido; trifluoroacetamido; lower alkoxyamino, (e.g., NH(OCH3); and heterocyclicamino, such as pyrazolylamino. The preferred heterocyclic groups representative of R2 and R3 are monocyclic heterocyclic moieties having the formula: or those corresponding to a partially or fully saturated form thereof wherein n is 0 or 1; R50 is H or an electron withdrawing group or electron donating group; A, Z, L and J are independently CH, or a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S; and G is CH, or a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, but when n is 0, G is CH, or a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of NH, O and S with the proviso that at most two of A, E, L, J and G are heteroatoms. When n is 0, the above heteroaromatic moiety is a five membered ring, while if n is 1, the heterocyclic moiety is a six membered monocyclic heterocyclic moiety. The preferred heterocyclic moieties are those aforementioned heterocyclics which are monocyclic. If the ring depicted hereinabove contains a nitrogen ring atom, then the N-oxide forms are also contemplated to be within the scope of the invention. When R2 or R3 is a heterocyclic of the above formula, it may be bonded to the main chain by a ring carbon atom. When n is 0, R2 or R3 may additionally be bonded to the main chain by a nitrogen ring atom. Other preferred moieties of R2 and R3 are hydrogen, aryl, e.g., phenyl, aryl alkyl, e.g., benzyl, and alkyl. It is to be understood that the preferred groups of R2 and R3 may be unsubstituted or substituted with electron donating or electron withdrawing groups. It is preferred that R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, which is either unsubstituted or substituted with an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group, such as lower alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and the like), N-hydroxylamino, N-lower alkylhydroxyamino, N-loweralkyl-O-loweralkyl and alkylhydroxyamino. It is even more preferred that one of R2 and R3 is hydrogen. It is preferred that n is one. It is preferred that R2 is hydrogen and R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by at least an electron donating or electron withdrawing group or Z-Y. In this preferred embodiment, it is more preferred that R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group such as methyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by an electron donating group, or NR4OR5 or ONR4R7, wherein R4, R5 and R17 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl. It is preferred that the electron donating group is lower alkoxy, and especially methoxy or ethoxy. It is also preferred that R is aryl lower alkyl. The most preferred aryl for R is phenyl. The most preferred R group is benzyl. In a preferred embodiment, the aryl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with an electron donating or electron withdrawing group. If the aryl ring in R is substituted, it is most preferred that it is substituted with an electron withdrawing group, especially on the aryl ring. The most preferred electron withdrawing group for R is halo, especially fluoro. The preferred R1 is lower alkyl, especially methyl. The more preferred compounds are compounds of Formula (I) wherein n is 1; R2 is hydrogen; R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, especially methyl which is substituted by an electron donating or electron withdrawing group or Z-Y; R is aryl, aryl lower alkyl, such as benzyl, wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted and R1 is lower alkyl. In this embodiment, it is most preferred that R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, especially methyl, substituted by electron donating group, such as lower alkoxy, (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy and the like), NR4OR5 or ONR4R7 wherein these groups are as defined hereinabove. The most preferred compounds utilized are those of the Formula (II): wherein Ar is aryl, especially phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one electron donating group or electron withdrawing group, R1 is lower alkyl; and R3 is as defined herein, but especially hydrogen, lower alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by at least an electron donating group or electron withdrawing group or Z-Y. It is even more preferred that R3 is, in this embodiment, hydrogen, an alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by an electron donating group, NR4OR5 or ONR4R7. It is most preferred that R3 is CH2-Q, wherein Q is lower alkoxy, NR4OR5 or ONR4R7 wherein R4 is hydrogen or alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms, R5 is hydrogen or alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms, and R7 is hydrogen or alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms. The preferred R1 is CH3. The most preferred R3 is methoxy. The most preferred aryl is phenyl. The most preferred compounds include: (R)-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropionamide; O-methyl-N-acetyl-D-serine-m-fluorobenzylamide; O-methyl-N-acetyl-D-serine-p-fluorobenzylamide; N-acetyl-D-phenylglycine benzylamide; D-1,2-(N,O-dimethylhydroxylamino)-2-acetamido acetic acid benzylamide; D-1,2-(O-methylhydroxylamino)-2-acetamido acetic acid benzylamide. It is to be understood that the various combinations and premutations of the Markush groups of R1, R2, R3, R and n described herein are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention. Moreover, the present invention also encompasses compounds and compositions which contain one or more elements of each of the Markush groupings in R1, R2, R3, n and K and the various combinations thereof. Thus, for example, the present invention contemplates that R1 may be one or more of the substituents listed hereinabove in combination with any and all of the substituents of R2, R3, and R with respect to each value of n, The compounds utilized in the present invention may contain one (1) or more asymmetric carbons and may exist in racemic and optically active forms. The configuration around each asymmetric carbon can be either the D or L form. It is well known in the art that the configuration around a chiral carbon atoms can also be described as R or S in the Cahn-Prelog-Ingold nomenclature system. All of the various configurations around each asymmetric carbon, including the various enantiomers and diastereomers as well as racemic mixtures and mixtures of enantiomers, diastereomers or both are contemplated by the present invention. In the principal chain, there exists asymmetry at the carbon atom to which the groups R2 and R3 are attached. When n is 1, the compounds of the present invention are of the formula wherein R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Z and Y are as defined previously. As used herein, the term configuration shall refer to the configuration around the carbon atom to which R2 and R3 are attached, even though other chiral centers may be present in the molecule. Therefore, when referring to a particular configuration, such as D or L, it is to be understood to mean the D or L stereoisomer at the carbon atom to which R2 and R3 are attached. However, it also includes all possible enantiomers and diastereomers at other chiral centers, if any, present in the compound. The compounds of the present invention are directed to all the optical isomers, i.e., the compounds of the present invention are either the L-stereoisomer or the D-stereoisomer (at the carbon atom to which R2 and R3 are attached). These stereoisomers may be found in mixtures of the L and D stereoisomer, e.g., racemic mixtures. The D stereoisomer is preferred. Depending upon the substituents, the present compounds may form addition salts as well. All of these forms are contemplated to be within the scope of this invention including mixtures of the stereoisomeric forms. The preparation of the utilized compounds are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,378,729 and 5,773,475, the contents of both of which are incorporated by reference. The compounds utilized in the present invention are useful as such as depicted in the Formula I or can be employed in the form of salts in view of the basic nature of the compounds by the presence of the free amino group. Thus, the compounds of Formula I forms salts with a wide variety of acids, inorganic and organic, including pharmaceutically acceptable acids. The salts with therapeutically acceptable acids are of course useful in the preparation of formulation where enhanced water solubility is most advantageous. These pharmaceutically acceptable salts have also therapeutic efficacy. These salts include salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydroiodic, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric and sulfuric acids as well as salts of organic acids, such as tartaric, acetic, citric, malic, benzoic, perchloric, glycolic, gluconic, succinic, aryl sulfonic, (e.g., p-toluene sulfonic acids, benzenesulfonic), phosphoric, malonic, and the like. It is preferred that the compound utilized in the present invention is used in therapeutically effective amounts. The physician will determine the dosage of the present therapeutic agents which will be most suitable and it will vary with the form of administration and the particular compound chosen, and furthermore, it will vary with the patient under treatment, the age of the patient, the type of malady being treated. He will generally wish to initiate treatment with small dosages substantially less than the optimum dose of the compound and increase the dosage by small increments until the optimum effect under the circumstances is reached. It will generally be found that when the composition is administered orally, larger quantities of the active agent will be required to produce the same effect as a smaller quantity given parenterally. The compounds are useful in the same manner as comparable therapeutic agents and the dosage level is of the same order of magnitude as is generally employed with these other therapeutic agents. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds utilized are administered in amounts ranging from about 1 mg to about 100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. This dosage regimen may be adjusted by the physician to provide the optimum therapeutic response. For example, several divided doses may be administered daily or the dose may be proportionally reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. The compounds of Formula I may be administered in a convenient manner, such as by oral, intravenous (where water soluble), intramuscular or subcutaneous routes. The compounds of Formula (I) may be orally administered, for example, with an inert diluent or with an assimilable edible carrier, or may be enclosed in hard or soft shell gelatin capsules, or may be compressed into tablets, or may be incorporated directly into the food of the diet. For oral therapeutic administration, the active compound of Formula I may be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of ingestible tablets, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, and the like. Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 1% of active compound of Formula I. The percentage of the compositions and preparations may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 5 to about 80% of the weight of the unit. The amount of active compound of Formula I in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that a suitable dosage will be obtained. Preferred compositions or preparations according to the present invention contain between about 10 mg and 6 g active compound of Formula I. The tablets, troches, pills, capsules and the like may also contain the following: A binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid and the like; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin may be added or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or cherry flavoring. When the dosage unit form is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier. Various other materials may be present as coatings or otherwise modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance, tablets, pills, or capsules may be coated with shellac, sugar or both. A syrup or elixir may contain the active compound, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor. Of course, any material used in preparing any dosage unit form should be pharmaceutically pure and substantially non-toxic in the amounts employed. In addition, the active compound may be incorporated into sustained-release preparations and formulations. For example, sustained release dosage forms are contemplated wherein the active ingredient is bound to an ion exchange resin which, optionally, can be coated with a diffusion barrier coating to modify the release properties of the resin. The active compound may also be administered parenterally or intraperitoneally. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid, polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms. The pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. In all cases the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof and vegetable oils. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions and by the use of surfactants. The prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars or sodium chloride. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by the use in the compositions of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminium monostearate and gelatin. Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the various sterilized active ingredient into a sterile vehicle which contains the basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying the freeze-drying technique plus any additional desired ingredient from previously sterile-filtered solution thereof. As used herein, �pharmaceutically acceptable carrier� includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agent, isotonic and absorption delaying agents for pharmaceutical active substances as well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions. It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage unit form or ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the mammalian subjects to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. The specifics for the novel dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the active material and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such as active material for the treatment of disease in living subjects having a diseased condition in which bodily health is impaired as herein disclosed in detail. The principal active ingredient is compounded for convenient and effective administration in effective amounts with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in dosage unit form as hereinbefore described. A unit dosage form can, for example, contain the principal active compound in amounts ranging from about 10 mg to about 6 g. Expressed in proportions, the active compound is generally present in from about 1 to about 750 mg/ml of carrier. In the case of compositions containing supplementary active ingredients, the dosages are determined by reference to the usual dose and manner of administration of the said ingredients. As used herein the term �patient� or �subject� refers to a warm blooded animal, and preferably mammals, such as, for example, cats, dogs, horses, cows, pigs, mice, rats and primates, including humans. The preferred patient is humans. The term �treat� refers to either relieving the pain associated with a disease or condition or alleviating the patient's disease or condition. The compounds of the present invention are useful for treating chronic pain. As used herein, the term �chronic pain� is defined as pain persisting for an extended period of time, for example, greater than three to six months, although the characteristic signs described hereinbelow can occur earlier or later than this period. Vegetative signs, such as lassitude, sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, lose of taste or food, weight loss, diminished libido and constipation develop. Types of pain that the compounds of the present invention are especially useful in treating are acute and chronic pain, particularly non neuropathic inflammatory pain. This includes chronic inflammatory pain, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis pain and/or secondary inflammatory osteoarthritic pain. The compounds of the present invention are administered to a patient suffering from the aforementioned type of pain in an analgesic effective amount. These amounts are equivalent to the therapeutically effective amounts described hereinabove. The following working examples show the antinociceptive properties in well-defined animal models of acute and chronic pain. The used substance was SPM 927 which is the synonym for Harkoseride. The standard chemical nomenclature is (R)-2-acetamide-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropionamide. EXAMPLE 1 Formalin Test, Rat: Prolonged Inflammatory Pain Significant and dose dependent efficacy of SPM 927 could be demonstrated in the late phase of the rat formalin test. The formalin test is a chemically-induced tonic pain model in which biphasic changes of nociceptive behaviour are assessed and spinal/supraspinal plasticity of nociception is considered as a molecular basis for neuropathic pain particularly during the second (=late) phase of the test, during which most clinically used drugs against neuropathic pain are active. These features have resulted in the formalin test being accepted as a valid model of persistent clinical pain. The compound was tested for anti-nociceptive properties by use of the weighted behavioural scoring method: Freely moving animals underwent observational assessment of the position of the left hind paw according to a rating score scaled 0-3 before and 10, 20, 30 and 40 min after injection of 0.05 ml of sterile 2.5% formalin under the skin on the dorsal surface of the paw. SPM 927, administered i.p. just prior to formalin injection produced dose dependent reduction of the formalin-induced tonic inflammatory nociceptive behaviour as shown Table 1 (weighted pain scores�SEM, n=11-12/group). TABLE 1 Weighted pain score, formalin test, rat Dose No. of Time After Injection of formalin and SPM 927 [mg/kg] Animals BASELINE 10 MIN 20 MIN 30 MIN 40 MIN 0 11 0.00 � 0.00 0.30 � 0.16 0.93 � 0.21 1.84 � 0.19 2.10 � 0.24 5 12 0.01 � 0.01 0.31 � 0.11 0.78 � 0.23 1.47 � 0.20 1.46 � 0.19* 10 11 0.00 � 0.00 0.42 � 0.17 0.33 � 0.16* 1.02 � 0.27* 1.05 � 0.19* 20 12 0.00 � 0.00 0.48 � 0.18 0.57 � 0.14 0.78 � 0.18* 1.02 � 0.24* 40 12 0.00 � 0.00 0.12 � 0.05 0.10 � 0.04* 0.09 � 0.06* 0.12 � 0.06* *= Significant difference from vehicle (ANOVA corrected for multiple comparisons p ≦ 0.05). The term ANOVA stands for Analysis of Variance. EXAMPLE 2 Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI, Bennett-Model) The effectiveness of SPM 927 in reducing spontaneous chronic pain, mechanical allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia was tested using the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of peripheral neuropathy, one of the best characterised in vivo animal models used to study chronic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. In this model, loose ligatures are placed around the sciatic nerve, which produces axonal swelling and a partial deafferentation manifested as a significant but incomplete loss of axons in the distal portion of the peripheral nerve. One of the prominent behaviours seen following sciatic nerve ligation is the appearance of hind paw guarding, thought to be an indication of an ongoing spontaneous chronic pain. Support for this idea is derived from reports of increased spinal cord neural activity, and increased spontaneous neuronal discharge in spinothalamic tract neurons and in the ventrobasal thalamus in the absence of overt peripheral stimulation. In addition to the appearance of spontaneous pain behaviours, several abnormalities in stimulus evoked pain occur as a result of CCI, including thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. The development of these abnormal stimulus-evoked pains has also been reported as occurring in areas outside the territory of the damaged nerve, areas innervated by uninjured nerves. Behavioural tests for thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia were conducted to evaluate different components of neuropathic pain. Baseline data for each test was collected prior to any experimental procedure; in addition, all animals were tested for the development of chronic pain behaviours 13-25 days after CCI surgery 1 day prior to the day of vehicle (0.04 ml sterile water/10 g body weight) or drug administration and after vehicle or drug administration. The sequence of the pain-related behaviour tests was (1) thermal hyperalgesia, (2) mechanical allodynia in order to minimise the influence of one test on the result of the next. The testing procedures and results are presented separately for each aspect of chronic pain. Either 0 (vehicle, 0.04 ml/10 g body weight), 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg of SPM 927 (n 7-23/group) was administered i.p. 15 minutes before the first behavioural test. (1) Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed by means of withdrawal latency in response to radiant heat applied to the subplantar surface of the ligated rat hind paw according to Hargreaves. As compared to the baseline latency (s), a significant decrease in the (postoperative) latency of foot withdrawal in response to the thermal stimulus was interpreted as indicating the presence of thermal hyperalgesia following chronic constriction injury. SPM 927 dose dependently reduced chronic constriction injury-induced thermal hyperalgesia as shown in Table 2 [latencies (s)�SEM]. Significant effects were observed only at the highest doses tested (20 and 40 mg/kg i.p.) with the maximum effect seen already at 20 mg/kg i.p. TABLE 2 Thermal hyperalgesia, CCI model, rat Dose No. of Post-operative + SPM [mg/kg] Animals Baseline Post-operative 927 0 13 9.7 � 0.73 6.9 � 0.28 7.3 � 0.42 5 7 10.5 � 0.68 8.1 � 0.59 9.1 � 0.97 10 7 9.2 � 0.68 7.0 � 0.60 8.0 � 0.58 20 8 9.9 � 0.69 6.9 � 0.56 9.7 � 0.95* 40 8 8.3 � 0.57 7.4 � 0.47 10.2 � 0.77* *= Significant difference from vehicle (ANOVA corrected for multiple comparisons p ≦ 0.05). Mechanical sensitivity and allodynia of the ligated rat hind paw was quantified by brisk foot withdrawal in response to normally innocuous mechanical stimuli as described previously. Responsiveness to mechanical stimuli was tested with a calibrated electronic Von Frey pressure algometer connected to an online computerised data collection system. A significant decrease in the post operative compared to baseline pressure (g/mm2) necessary to elicit a brisk foot withdrawal in response to this mechanical stimulus is interpreted as mechanical allodynia. (2) SPM 927 dose dependently reduced the intensity of mechanical allodynia induced by unilateral nerve ligation as shown in Table 3 [pressure (g/mM2)�SEM]. Regression analysis showed a positive linear correlation between the dose of SPM 927 and the increase in the amount of force required to produce foot withdrawal. TABLE 3 Mechanical allodynia, CCI model, rat Dose No. of Post-operative + SPM [mg/kg] Animals Baseline Post-operative 927 0 20 41.6 � 2.20 18.7 � 2.08 20.2 � 1.89 5 11 53.6 � 3.34 16.4 � 2.56 21.8 � 2.33 10 17 42.9 � 2.54 21.1 � 2.12 29.2 � 2.84* 20 8 46.0 � 2.62 24.6 � 2.78 39.5 � 3.62* 40 9 48.3 � 3.83 23.8 � 2.23 42.9 � 5.47* *= Significant difference from vehicle (ANOVA corrected for multiple comparisons, p ≦ 0.05). EXAMPLE 3 Randall-Selitto Paw Pressure Test, Rat Further potential anti-nociceptive efficacy of SPM 927 was assessed in a rat experimental model of acute inflammation using a modified Randall and Selitto procedure. Acute inflammation is induced by injection of s.c. carrageenan (1.0 mg in 0.1 ml saline/paw), an unspecific inflammatory agent, into the plantar surface of one hind paw of the animal. Mechanical sensitivity and nociceptive thresholds were measured using an algesimeter device that exerts a constantly increasing mechanical force (10 mm Hg/sec) on the inflammed hind paw. The mechanical nociceptive threshold is defined as the pressure (mm Hg) at which the rat vocalises or struggles or withdraws its paw. Since its original description, the Randall and Selitto mechanical paw pressure test has become a standard method for testing the efficacy of new compounds for alleviating acute inflammatory pain. SPM 927 or vehicle (sterile water, 0.04 ml/log body weight) was administered i.p. 1 hr and 45 minutes after carrageenan, meaning 15 to 20 minutes before the start of behavioural testing. As compared to the response threshold of vehicle-treated controls, an increase in the pressure required to produce a behavioural response is interpreted as antinociception. SPM 927 at 20 and 40 mg/kg i.p. significantly increased the pressure required to elicit a paw withdrawal during acute carrageenan induced inflammation in the Randall-Selitto paw pressure test, indicating a reduction of mechanical hyeralgesia as shown in Table 4 [pressure (mm Hg)�SUM, n=12/group]. TABLE 4 Mechanical hyperalgesia, modified Randall-Selitto, rat Dose Carrageenan + SPM [mg/kg] Baseline Carrageenan alone 927 0 101.5 � 15.0 40.9 � 9.3 45.1 � 5.6 20 142.6 � 12.8 108.2 � 10.2 164.8 � 13.5* 40 164.9 � 18.4 90.0 � 7.5 232.7 � 22.0* *= Significant difference from vehicle (ANOVA corrected for multiple comparisons, p ≦ 0.05). Due to high variation of baseline responses and mechanical hyperalgesia following carrageenan injection, a direct comparison of the absolute paw pressures required to elicit a behavioural response is inappropriate. However, vehicle (0 mg/kg, sterile water, 0.04 ml/10 g body weight) had little effect on behavioural responsiveness, but SPM 927 at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg i.p. markedly reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. Test Results Harkoseride proved to be anti-nociceptive in several different experimental animal models that reflect different types and symptoms of pain. The prolonged inflammatory nociception produced in the rat formalin test and mechanical allodynia in the rat CCI model appeared most sensitive to the effects of SPM 927, showing significant dose dependent reductions in nociceptive behaviour measurements, even at the 10 mg/kg i.p. dose. In addition, but at higher doses SPM 927 exhibited statistically significant reduction in pain on other types of nociception, thermal hyperalgesia (paw flick Hargreaves test, rat CCI model), and mechanical hyperalgesia due to acute inflammation (modified rat Randall-Selitto test). Thus, the anti-nociceptive profile of SPM 927 differs from classical analgesics like opioids and the standard anti-inflammatory drugs of the NSAID-type (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), furthermore and surprisingly, the antinociceptive profiling obtained and described by the data given in Tables 14 is even different to other anticonvulsant drugs used for pain relief. The weak but not significant effects on thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia led to the following investigation: EXAMPLE 4 Antinociceptive Effects of Harkoseride in an Animal Model for Rheumatoid Arthritis In the following study harkoseride is hereinafter referred to as SPM 927. Method: Experiments were performed in female Wistar rats weighing 80-90 g at the beginning of the experiments. Arthritis was induced by intraplantar injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA, 0.1 ml) to one hindpaw. Drugs were given on day 11 after FCA injection in animals which developed systemic secondary arthritic symptoms as assessed by visual inspection. Mechanical hyperalgesia was than acutely applied and measured by means of the paw pressure test (Randall Selitto method) and supraspinal vocalisation as the biological endpoint of the nociceptive reaction. Measurements were taken at 0 min (before drug injection) and 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 24 h after drug injection and all data are expressed as percent of maximal possible effect (% MPE). 10 groups of 15 rats were used and received the following treatments: No. FCA drug [dose in mg/kg]/time comment 1 no no healthy controls 2 yes no arthritic controls 3 yes SPM 927 [5] acute treatment group (anti-nociceptive effects) 4 yes SPM 927 [10] acute treatment group (anti-nociceptive effects) 5 yes SPM 927 [20] acute treatment group (anti-nociceptive effects) 6 yes SPM 927 [30] acute treatment group (anti-nociceptive effects) 7 yes SPM 927 [40] acute treatment group (anti-nociceptive effects) 8 yes SPM 927 [30] early (with FCA) treatment group (anti-inflammatory effects) 9 no morphine [10] positive control group (normal condition) 10 yes morphine [10] positive control group (disease condition) Results: % MPE group # treatment 15 min 30 min 60 min 24 h 1 Control −5 −2 +2 −5 2 FCA/VEH +12 +2 0 +3 3 FCA/SPM 5 −5 −5 −12 −14 4 FCA/SPM 10 +7 −2 0 −5 5 FCA/SPM 20 +1 −20 −9 −20 6 FCA/SPM 30 +58 +33 +16 −8 7 FCA/SPM 40 +100 +100 +14 −7 8 FCA/SPM 30 (early) −14 −7 −3 −11 9 MOR 10 +100 +100 +100 +2 10 FCA/MOR 10 +100 +100 +100 −7 SPM 927 showed dose-dependent anti-nociceptive but no anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-nociceptive effects started at a dose of 30 mg/kg and were most prominent during the first 30 min of testing. Morphine, as a positive control substance had clear antinociceptive effects in arthritic and normal animals. CONCLUSION Surprisingly and unexpectedly SPM 927 shows dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in rats that suffer from Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis (significantly so at doses of 30 and 40 mg/kg). This antinociception is not caused by potential anti-inflammatory effects. Under this chronic inflammatory pain condition the antinociceptive effect of SPM 927 (see FIG. 1) showed fall intrinsic activity and suggests SPM 927 to be effective in rheumatoid arthritic pain as well as secondary inflammatory osteoarthritis. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7794987Dec 2, 2004Sep 14, 2010Ucb Pharma Gmbh(R)-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-3-methoxy-propionamide; O-methyl-N-acetyl-D-serine-m-fluorobenzylamide; epilepsy and other CNS disordersUS7820857Jun 9, 2005Oct 26, 2010Ucb Pharma Gmbhadministering (R)-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropionamide for treating neuropathic trigeminal painUS7875652Mar 19, 2002Jan 25, 2011Ucb Pharma GmbhMethod and composition for treating pain or tinnitus aureumUS8008351Apr 15, 2005Aug 30, 2011Ucb Pharma GmbhMethods for prophylaxis or treatment of conditions associated with cortical spreading depressionUS8338641Jun 16, 2010Dec 25, 2012Ucb Pharma GmbhMethod for treating atypical facial painUS8536137Oct 12, 2009Sep 17, 2013Ucb Pharma GmbhMethods for treating nucleoside-induced painUS8735356Jun 15, 2007May 27, 2014Ucb Pharma GmbhAnticonvulsant combination therapyUS8828943Mar 23, 2012Sep 9, 2014Ucb Pharma GmbhAnticonvulsant combination therapyClassifications U.S. Classification514/575, 514/616International ClassificationA61K31/165, A61K31/19, A61K31/198, C07K1/00, A61P19/02, A61K31/535, A61K31/445, A61K38/00, A61P25/04, A61P29/00Cooperative ClassificationA61K31/445, A61K31/165, A61K31/535, A61K31/198European ClassificationA61K31/198, A61K31/165, A61K31/445, A61K31/535Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 24, 2012CCCertificate of correctionApr 13, 2011ASAssignmentFree format text: CORRECTIVE CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARZ PHARMA AG;REEL/FRAME:026132/0268Owner name: UCB PHARMA GMBH, GERMANYEffective date: 20100113Feb 26, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: UCB PHARMA GMBH,GERMANYFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARZ PHARMA AG;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100226;REEL/FRAME:23985/822Effective date: 20100113Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARZ PHARMA AG;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100323;REEL/FRAME:23985/822Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARZ PHARMA AG;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100330;REEL/FRAME:23985/822Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARZ PHARMA AG;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100422;REEL/FRAME:23985/822Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARZ PHARMA AG;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100518;REEL/FRAME:23985/822Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARZ PHARMA AG;REEL/FRAME:023985/0822Owner name: UCB PHARMA GMBH, GERMANYRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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Words containing stackelbe | Words that contain stackelbe
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Found 1 words containing stackelbe. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain stackelbe. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that start with stackelbe
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Riviera Residence Apt, Mamaia, Romania - Booking.com
Mamaia - Zona Hotel Rex, 900001 Mamaia, Romania
Excellent location – rated 9.6/10! (score from 45 reviews)
Rated by guests after their stay at Riviera Residence Apartments.
Lock in a great price for Riviera Residence Apartments – rated 8.7 by recent guests!
Apartament spatios
Stay in the Heart of Mamaia
One of our top picks in Mamaia. Set in a new building in the centre of Mamaia, right on the sandy beach and close to the resort’s rich night life, Riviera Residence offers spacious, air-conditioned apartments with views and free WiFi.
All spacious apartments are fitted with a large balcony with views of the sea or the promenade, a flat-screen cable TV, a well-appointed kitchen and a bathroom with a spa bath, a hairdryer and slippers.
Restaurants, bars and clubs are within walking distance from Riviera Residence Apartments.
The Mamaia Casino is 1,650 feet away, and the Aqua Magic Park is 3.1 miles from the property. Guests can park free of charge, at a location nearby.
This is our guests' favorite part of Mamaia, according to independent reviews.
Riviera Residence Apartments has been welcoming guests since Jun 20, 2013
Located in the real heart of Mamaia, this property has an excellent location score of 9.6!
When would you like to stay at Riviera Residence Apartments?
The most recent booking for this property was made on May 23 at 1:20 PM from Romania.
Two-Bedroom Apartment with Promenade View
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Facilities of Riviera Residence Apartments
Up to two children from 0 to 14 year stay free of charge when using existing beds.
One older child or adult is charged EUR 50 per person per night when using existing beds.
Hotel Agapi Mamaia has a review score of 9
#22 out of 96 vacation rentals in Mamaia, based on 2,252 verified guest reviews.
If you expect to arrive outside check in hours, please inform Riviera Residence Apartments in advance. Contact details are stated in the booking confirmation.
Customers who viewed Riviera Residence Apartments also viewed:
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Newest Reviews for Riviera Residence Apartments
“Mamaia beachfront!!”
• Two-Bedroom Apartment with Partial Sea View
눉A bit over priced but perhaps it's because it was Easter weekend when we stayed. No washing machine in the apartment. Wifi router is located at the entrance which makes the signal weak at the sitting room.눇Modern and spacious apartment at an excellent location, friendly staff 'Diana and Ioanna' were very kind, will definitely book here again!
“Perfect stay 🔆”
• Two bedroom apartment with Sea view
눉If I would be picky I woul probably want a bigger jacuzzi for this apartment, but it was close to perfection just the way it is눇The apartment is huge, right on the beach and very modern furnished. Just perfect 😀
눉everything was great눇the view was amazing
“In a great loction”
• Two-Bedroom Apartment with Promenade View
눉The surrounding areas were in the process of being cleaned up, so walking around and seeing trash on the beach and along roads was a disappointment눇It was a great location, and quiet.
“Huge apartment in perfect location”
눉the ants...눇everything except the ants...
“Riviera Residence, Mamaia”
눉The only thing i can say against the apartment was the lack of kitchen utensils. Although the apartment boasts a fully working hob, oven and fridge there was nothing to cook with. No pots or pans which meant that we ate out more than we wanted to during the stay. The only bowl that was provided was bigger than most saucepans so that made eating cereal a bit of an ordeal. Would have liked to be able just to cook up some food on a few of the nights as the restaurants on the strip are all a bit samey. Like I said though a tiny mark on an otherwise impeccable stay.눇Firstly the staff were excellent. Reception staff always happy and welcoming. Cleaning staff like ninjas.
We put the cleaning sign on the door and popped down to the beach (which is 2 minutes out the door if you're willing to pay 15 lei for a sun bed). Got comfortable then realised we'd forgotten some snacks.Went back to find beds made and fresh towels. The apartment itself was nothing short of amazing. Spacious, bright, stylish and comfortable. Between the awesome apartment, the Lamborghini parked outside and the paintings of yachts all over the corridors we felt like rockstars or something. All in the the Riviera Residence Apartments made our stay in Mamaia perfect.
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124860,131869,130648,130088,127626,130456|1,130221,122645,127757,127168,129514,128989,130068,131265,131642,126879,130120,128824,125705,129053,120188,128118,122919,122773,127354,129838,127260,130354,127172,131316|1,127370,128467,117210,131682,125221,127383,126432,129997,128445,126797,129162,129703,128228,126791,129064,130238,131639,127170,130356,131316,131514,129384,124382,127354|4,127174,131521,131517,129561,126886,131666,130401,129808,130070,129611,131642|1,125596,130239,130468,129376,128146,130779,130151,127270,130115,126809,129783,127567,129494,128740,128335,131658,130456,130006,127931,131615,131610,127247,129082

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Animal Garden book by Ogden Nash | 2 available editions | Alibris Books
A brother and sister who love animals dearly want to have a pet. But Roy and Joy's parents are so allergic that animals of any kind make them sniffle and wheeze. Then Roy and Joy plant a magical animal garden that satisfies their hopes for animal friends. Read More
A brother and sister who love animals dearly want to have a pet. But Roy and Joy's parents are so allergic that animals of any kind make them sniffle and wheeze. Then Roy and Joy plant a magical animal garden that satisfies their hopes for animal friends. Read Less
New from $129.60
ISBN-13: 9780233961804
1989, M. Evans and Company
ISBN-13: 9780871315687
1965, M. Evans / J. B. Lippincott
1965, M. Evans & Co.
Alibris ID 14562807938
Alibris ID 13085577284
Acceptable. 1965 Hardcover 1st illus. 1 v. (unpaged) Former Library book. Shows definite wear, and perhaps considerable marking on inside. Shipped to over one million happy customers. Your purchase benefits world literacy!
ISBN 0233961801
ISBN-13 9780233961804
Alibris ID 13152824950
Ships from FRODSHAM,, CHESHIRE, UNITED KINGDOM
Wendy Watson. Very Good in Very Good jacket. 8vo-over 7¾"-9¾" tall. Dustwrapper, slim 8vo, pp.44 ( unnumbered ). Bw illustrations by Wendy Watson. Wrapper lightly yellowed, light edge wear, two very small splits on top edge. Price-clipped. Pictorial boards very slightly foxed beneath wrapper. Contents clean and sound save some childish green ink scribble to margin of last text page and rear endpaper. Overall VG.
ISBN 0871315688
ISBN-13 9780871315687
Published 10/01/1989
Alibris ID 14321607673
Alibris ID 13834892406
Alibris ID 14241929480
Publisher M. Evans / J. B. Lippincott
Alibris ID 13358051722
Fine in Very Good jacket. New York: M. Evans, 1965. First thus. Hardcover. Not paginated. Fine, in near fine price-clipped jacket. Trace rubbing at spine ends, two tiny edge tears to jacket at top of rear panel. A clean and bright copy. Illustrated by Hilary Knight.
Publisher M. Evans & Co.
Alibris ID 11418435014
Hilary Knight. Near fine in Very Good Plus jacket. 8vo-over 7¾"-9¾" tall. Book is tight, unmarked, complete in bright green cloth. One small dent on lower front board. Slightest wear on corners. Owner bookplate neatly taped on inside front board. Jacket complete, unclipped, bright, with 1-inch closed tear on lower right front. Small ink notation on rear jacket flap. ALL BOOK JACKETS ARE PROTECTED IN PLASTIC COVERS.
Alibris ID 13757056234
Alibris ID 13757050206
All Editions of Animal Garden
9780871315687
9780233961804
Books by Ogden Nash
Custard and Company: Poems: By Ogden Nash; Selected and Illustrated by Quentin Blake

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The Library of Congress Celebrates the Songs of America, Available Online, Songs and Music, United States, Small, Solomon, Available Online, Popular Songs of the Day, Music, Songs, Yiddish, Friedsell, Louis | Library of Congress
Results: 1-19 of 19 | Refined by: Part of: The Library of Congress Celebrates the Songs of America Remove Available Online Remove Subject: Songs and Music Remove Location: United States Remove Contributor: Small, Solomon Remove Access Condition: Available Online Remove Subject: Popular Songs of the Day Remove Subject: Music Remove Subject: Songs, Yiddish Remove Contributor: Friedsell, Louis Remove

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Trade Group Backs Effort To Ship Bananas to Europe - The New York Times
Archives|Trade Group Backs Effort To Ship Bananas to Europe
Trade Group Backs Effort To Ship Bananas to Europe
By DAVID E. SANGER MARCH 20, 1997
After spending years trying to get leaders of both political parties to pay attention to his trade problems around the world, Carl H. Lindner, who controls Chiquita Brands International, has finally won a victory: The World Trade Organization has backed his right to ship bananas to Europe.
Mr. Lindner, a Cincinnati businessman, is well-known in Washington. Since 1993, he and his American Financial Corporation have contributed more than $1 million to the two major political parties. Bob Dole, the former Republican Presidential candidate, used a jet belonging to the Lindner family empire during the 1996 campaign, and Mr. Lindner, sharing in what has become a perquisite for Democratic donors during the Clinton Administration, spent a night in the Lincoln Bedroom. Bananas became one of Mr. Dole's most intense trade interests, and the Administration, while declining to impose unilateral sanctions against Europe, pressed his case with the World Trade Organization in Geneva.
But until Tuesday, when a preliminary decision was handed down in that case, he had yet to win a single round of his banana battles with Europe. Now, said diplomats familiar with a still-confidential opinion written by a three-judge panel of the trade organization, Europe's regulations have been found to unfairly favor fruit from African, Caribbean and Pacific states, chiefly former European colonies.
The European Union said that those rules were designed to support the Caribbean economies that depend heavily on their banana crops, and that those economies would be destroyed if they had to compete with lower-cost producers in Latin America who sell huge volumes of bananas through Chiquita and other brands. Chiquita contends that the European policy has cost the company more than $400 million over the last five years.
European officials said yesterday that they intended to appeal.
''Many of the conclusions of the report appear to be unfavorable but we need to analyze this further,'' said Peter Guilford, spokesman for the European Union's trade commissioner, Sir Leon Brittan. Appeals are common in World Trade Organization rulings, but rarely successful.
It is unclear, however, whether Mr. Lindner will be entirely satisfied with his victory. When the ruling is completed, the European Union will have the chance to rewrite its rules, or to pay compensation to the United States, Mexico and the other countries that challenged the banana import restrictions.
''There are ways for the Europeans to blunt the effect of this,'' one American official said today.
For that reason, Mr. Lindner had sought stronger action from Washington. On his behalf, then-Senator Dole introduced amendments to budget bills in Congress that would have imposed sharp sanctions on Costa Rica and Colombia for going along with the European banana-trade system. Those amendments failed.
Mr. Lindner also pressed the White House, seeking unilateral sanctions against Europe. The Administration balked at that request, but agreed to take his case to what Charlene Barshefsky, the United States Trade Representative, called an ''impartial review'' by the trade organization.
A version of this article appears in print on March 20, 1997, on Page B00011 of the National edition with the headline: Trade Group Backs Effort To Ship Bananas to Europe. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe

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9780443066436: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases: 2-Volume Set, 6e - AbeBooks - Gerald L. Mandell MD MACP; John E. Bennett MD MACP; Raphael Dolin MD: 0443066434
Gerald L. Mandell MD MACP; John E. Bennett MD MACP; Raphael Dolin MD Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases: 2-Volume Set, 6e
ISBN 13: 9780443066436
Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases: 2-Volume Set, 6e
Gerald L. Mandell MD MACP; John E. Bennett MD MACP; Raphael Dolin MD
ISBN 10: 0443066434 ISBN 13: 9780443066436
Widely acknowledged as the definitive reference source of its kind, Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases is back―in a new 6th Edition! Authored by a "who's who" of experts from around the world, this 2-volume set encompasses all that is currently known about the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, microbiology, immunology, and treatment of infectious agents. Completely revised and updated―and with a bold, new 4-color format―it is a complete, essential compendium of knowledge on this vast and complex subject.
Now includes a bound-in CD-ROM containing all of the images from the book available for PowerPoint download.
Offers state-of-the-art guidelines for disease control and treatment
Covers disease by microbe and by clinical syndrome, making it easy to find any subject of interest.
Features complete coverage of all aspects of HIV and AIDS
Features a new, extensive section on biodefense, with discussions of major pathogens
Includes new chapters on hospital preparedness for infections such as SARS, infections in elderly patients, infections in returning travellers, nutrition and infection, alternative therapies for infection, the design and evaluation of clinical trials, and more!
Discusses new antibiotics, including Daptomycin, telithromycin, gemifloxacin, as well as new antifungal and antiviral agents
Presents fresh perspectives from a wealth of new contributors
Covers disease by microbe and by clinical syndrome, making it easy to find any subject of interest
Raphael Dolin, MD, Maxwell Finland Professor of Medicine (Microbiology & Molecular Genetics), Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
1. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases: 2-Volume Set, 6e
Mandell MD MACP, Gerald L., Bennett MD
Book Description Churchill Livingstone, 2004. Hardcover. Condition: New. Never used!. Seller Inventory # P110443066434
2. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases: 2-Volume Set, 6e
Book Description Churchill Livingstone, 2004. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # MB00RWPV514
3. Mandell, Douglas, And Bennett's Principles And Practice Of Infectious Diseases
Mandell, Gerald L./ Bennett, John E./ Dolin, Raphael/ Dolin, Raphael (Editor)/ Mandell, Gerald L. (Editor)
Book Description Churchill Livingstone, 2004. Hardcover. Condition: Brand New. 6th edition. 4016 pages. 12.25x9.50x5.50 inches. In Stock. Seller Inventory # zk0443066434
US$ 390.64

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