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Patent US5408734 - Arrowhead extractor - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn arrowhead extractor provides for the extraction of bladed or non-bladed arrowheads from relatively dense objects in which the arrowhead is imbedded, by securing an arrowhead extractor shaft to the arrowhead shank and threadibly withdrawing the extractor shaft and attached arrowhead from the object...http://www.google.com/patents/US5408734?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5408734 - Arrowhead extractorAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5408734 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/227,518Publication dateApr 25, 1995Filing dateApr 14, 1994Priority dateApr 14, 1994Fee statusLapsedPublication number08227518, 227518, US 5408734 A, US 5408734A, US-A-5408734, US5408734 A, US5408734AInventorsLeslie C. Clem, Buster MillsOriginal AssigneeMills; Buster, Clem; Leslie C.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (10), Referenced by (4), Classifications (8), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetArrowhead extractorUS 5408734 AAbstract An arrowhead extractor provides for the extraction of bladed or non-bladed arrowheads from relatively dense objects in which the arrowhead is imbedded, by securing an arrowhead extractor shaft to the arrowhead shank and threadibly withdrawing the extractor shaft and attached arrowhead from the object in which the arrowhead was imbedded. A barrel serves as a housing for the extractor shaft, and a threaded collar mates with the extractor shaft to draw the extractor shaft and attached arrowhead into the barrel portion of the device. The extractor shaft is keyed to the barrel portion and the barrel portion is seated firmly against the object in which the arrowhead is imbedded, so no rotational force is applied to the arrowhead which would otherwise cause any blades thereon to break. The device applies a steady, concentric tensile force along the shank of the arrowhead, to minimize the potential for damaging the arrowhead. The device provides further utility in holding an arrowhead for the attachment, removal, and/or sharpening of blades and attachment or removal of arrow shafts thereto or therefrom, and in straightening bent arrowhead shanks.
I claim: 1. An arrowhead extractor providing for the extraction of an arrowhead having a threaded shank from a dense object, said arrowhead extractor comprising:a substantially cylindrical barrel portion having an exterior surface, an arrowhead receiving end, an opposite collar bearing end, and a concentric internal passage therethrough, with a keyway formed within said concentric internal passage and parallel thereto with said keyway including a key affixed therein, said exterior surface of said barrel portion includes a plurality of ribs formed thereon, with said ribs being disposed parallel to said concentric passage through said barrel portion and providing gripping means for the user of said arrowhead extractor; an extractor shaft slidably installed within said barrel portion, said extractor shaft having a length longer than said barrel portion, a threaded exterior surface, an arrowhead attachment end including a concentric threaded hole therein with said threaded hole being adapted for threaded attachment to the threaded shank of the arrowhead, an opposite solid end, and a shaft keyway formed in said threaded exterior surface between said arrowhead attachment end and said opposite solid end and adapted to mate slidably with said key of said barrel portion to preclude rotational movement of said extractor shaft relative to said barrel portion, and; a collar installed adjacent said collar bearing end of said barrel portion, said collar including a concentric passage therethrough, with said concentric passage of said collar including threads therein adapted to mate with said threaded exterior surface of said threaded extractor shaft, whereby; said threaded extractor shaft is installed upon the threaded shank of the arrowhead by said threaded hole in said arrowhead attachment end, said barrel portion is installed over said extractor shaft with said arrowhead receiving end adjacent the arrowhead, said solid end of said extractor shaft extending from said collar bearing end of said barrel portion, and said collar is threadedly installed upon said solid end of said extractor shaft. 2. The arrowhead extractor of claim 1 wherein:said internal passage of said barrel portion includes a relatively smaller diameter portion adjacent said collar bearing end and adapted to fit closely said extractor shaft, and a relatively larger diameter portion extending from said arrowhead receiving end to said relatively smaller diameter portion, with said relatively smaller diameter portion including said keyway and said key therein. 3. The arrowhead extractor of claim 1 wherein:said arrowhead receiving end of said barrel portion includes a plurality of elongate slots therein, with said slots each having a depth extending between said concentric internal passage and said exterior surface, whereby said slots are passed over the blades of a bladed arrowhead to provide clearance therefor and to preclude damage thereto as the arrowhead is withdrawn from a dense object by means of said arrowhead extractor. 4. The arrowhead extractor of claim 3 wherein:said plurality of elongate slots comprises a first slot and a second slot arcuately disposed 180 degrees from said first slot, with said first slot and said second slot being adapted for the passage of the blades of a two bladed arrowhead therein. 5. The arrowhead extractor of claim 3 wherein:said plurality of elongate slots comprises a first slot, a second slot arcuately disposed 120 degrees from said first slot, and a third slot arcuately disposed 240 degrees from said first slot, with said first, said second, and said third slot being adapted for the passage of the blades of a three bladed arrowhead therein. 6. The arrowhead extractor of claim 3 wherein:said plurality of elongate slots comprises a first slot, a second slot arcuately disposed 90 degrees from said first slot, a third slot arcuately disposed 180 degrees from said first slot, and a fourth slot arcuately disposed 270 degrees from said first slot, with said first slot, said second slot, said third slot, and said fourth slot being adapted for the passage of the blades of a four bladed arrowhead therein. 7. The arrowhead extractor of claim 3 wherein:said plurality of elongate slots comprises a first slot, a second slot arcuately disposed 72 degrees from said first slot, a third slot arcuately disposed 144 degrees from said first slot, a fourth slot arcuately disposed 216 degrees from said first slot, and a fifth slot arcuately disposed 288 degrees from said first slot, with said first slot, said second slot, said third slot, said fourth slot, and said fifth slot being adapted for the passage of the blades of a five bladed arrowhead therein. 8. The arrowhead extractor of claim 3 wherein:said plurality of elongate slots comprises a first slot, a second slot arcuately disposed 72 degrees from said first slot, a third slot arcuately disposed 90 degrees from said first slot, a fourth slot arcuately disposed 120 degrees from said first slot, a fifth slot arcuately disposed 144 degrees from said first slot, a sixth slot arcuately disposed 180 degrees from said first slot, a seventh slot arcuately disposed 216 degrees from said first slot, an eighth slot arcuately disposed 240 degrees from said first slot, a ninth slot arcuately disposed 270 degrees from said first slot, and a tenth slot arcuately disposed 288 degrees from said first slot, with said first slot and said sixth slot being adapted for the passage of the blades of a two bladed arrowhead therein, said first slot, said fourth slot, and said eighth slot being adapted for the passage of the blades of a three bladed arrowhead therein, said first slot, said third slot, said sixth slot, and said ninth slot being adapted for the passage of the blades of a four bladed arrowhead therein, and said first slot, said second slot, said fifth slot, said seventh slot, and said tenth slot being adapted for the passage of the blades of a five bladed arrowhead therein. 9. The arrowhead extractor of claim 1 wherein:said collar includes handle means extending therefrom. 10. The arrowhead extractor of claim 9 wherein:said handle means is pivotally attached to said collar. 11. The arrowhead extractor of claim 9 wherein:at least said handle means is formed of aluminum. 12. The arrowhead extractor of claim 1 wherein: at least said barrel portion is formed of synthetic composite material.
13. The arrowhead extractor of claim 12 wherein:said synthetic composite material comprises glass fiber imbedded within a Nylon matrix. 14. The arrowhead extractor of claim 1 wherein:at least said extractor shaft and said key affixed within said keyway of said barrel are formed of steel. 15. An arrowhead extractor providing for the extraction of an arrowhead having a threaded shank from a dense object, said arrowhead extractor comprising:a substantially cylindrical barrel portion having an exterior surface, an arrowhead receiving end, an opposite collar bearing end, and a concentric internal passage therethrough, with a keyway formed within said concentric internal passage and parallel thereto with said keyway including a key affixed therein; an extractor shaft slidably installed within said barrel portion, said extractor shaft having a length longer than said barrel portion, a threaded exterior surface, an arrowhead attachment end including a concentric threaded hole therein with said threaded hole being adapted for threaded attachment to the threaded shank of the arrowhead, an opposite solid end, and a shaft keyway formed in said threaded exterior surface between said arrowhead attachment end and said opposite solid end and adapted to mate slidably with said key of said barrel portion to preclude rotational movement of said extractor shaft relative to said barrel portion; and a collar installed adjacent said collar bearing end of said barrel portion, said collar including a concentric passage therethrough, with said concentric passage of said collar including threads therein adapted to mate with said threaded exterior surface of said threaded extractor shaft, said collar further including a handle pivotally attached to and extending from said collar; whereby said threaded extractor shaft is installed upon a threaded shank of an arrowhead by said threaded hole in said arrowhead attachment end, said barrel portion is installed over said extractor shaft with said arrowhead receiving end adjacent the arrowhead, said solid end of said extractor shaft extending from said collar bearing end of said barrel portion, and said collar is threadedly installed upon said solid end of said extractor shaft. 16. An arrowhead extractor providing for the extraction of an arrowhead having a threaded shank from a dense object, said arrowhead extractor comprising:a substantially cylindrical barrel portion having an exterior surface, an arrowhead receiving end, an opposite collar bearing end, and a concentric internal passage therethrough, with a keyway formed within said concentric internal passage and parallel thereto with said keyway including a key affixed therein; an extractor shaft slidably installed within said barrel portion, said extractor shaft having a length longer than said barrel portion, a threaded exterior surface, an arrowhead attachment end including a concentric threaded hole therein with said threaded hole being adapted for threaded attachment to the threaded shank of the arrowhead, an opposite solid end, and a shaft keyway formed in said threaded exterior surface between said arrowhead attachment end and said opposite solid end and adapted to mate slidably with said key of said barrel portion to preclude rotational movement of said extractor shaft relative to said barrel portion; and a collar installed adjacent said collar bearing end of said barrel portion, said collar including a generally toroidally shaped external component with a toroidally shaped internal component imbedded therein, said internal component including a concentric passage therethrough, said concentric passage of said collar including threads therein adapted to mate with said threaded exterior surface of said threaded extractor shaft; whereby said threaded extractor shaft is installed upon the threaded shank of the arrowhead by said threaded hole in said arrowhead attachment end, said barrel portion is installed over said extractor shaft with said arrowhead receiving end adjacent the arrowhead, said solid end of said extractor shaft extending from said collar bearing end of said barrel portion, and said collar is threadedly installed upon said solid end of said extractor shaft. 17. The arrowhead extractor of claim 16 wherein at least said external component of said collar is formed of synthetic composite material.
18. The arrowhead extractor of claim 17 wherein said synthetic composite material comprises glass fiber imbedded within a Nylon matrix.
19. The arrowhead extractor of claim 16 wherein at least said internal component of said collar is formed of stainless steel.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to devices providing for the removal of an article from another object in which the article is seated or imbedded, and more specifically to an arrowhead extractor for the removal of arrowheads from relatively firm and resistant materials (e. g., tree trunks or wood). The present arrowhead extractor operates by threadedly withdrawing an extractor shaft from the extractor body, with the extractor shaft being secured to the arrowhead. The present extractor has further utility by assisting in the installation and removal of arrow shafts from arrowheads, holding arrowheads for sharpening, etc.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Broadhead arrowheads having multiple relatively thin, sharp blades are commonly used in archery hunting. Such blades have relatively high penetrating power and are capable of exerting relatively great damage to an animal, enabling the hunter to bring down the animal efficiently. Such arrowheads have their drawbacks, though, in that the velocity imparted by a longbow or compound bow imparts considerable momentum to the arrow, which is transferred to the object struck by the arrowhead. Such impact forces generally do not result in great difficulty in extracting an arrow from relatively soft material such as animal flesh or soft targets, but if the broadhead arrowhead penetrates relatively firm material (such as wood) to any degree, it can be exceedingly difficult to withdraw the arrowhead without additional tools or aids.
Accordingly, various devices have been developed to assist in the removal of arrowheads from objects in which the heads are imbedded, as will be discussed further below. Most of those devices operate on the principle of the slide hammer, resulting in intermittent violent force being imparted to the arrowhead. The resulting noise from the impacts is also undesirable in a hunting environment, as such sounds can result in frightening away game in the area, either the intended target which was missed or other nearby game. In addition, while many such devices have some additional function (e.g., as a bow stabilizer), none provide any additional function in the servicing of arrowheads and shafts, as does the present invention.
The need arises for an arrowhead extractor which uses a different principle of operation than prior extractors, by threadedly withdrawing an arrowhead from an object in which the arrowhead is imbedded. The resulting operation is practically silent, thus enabling a hunter to avoid further frightening any game which may be in the area. The device should also provide additional functions in holding an arrowhead to allow an archer to sharpen blades, attach and remove arrow shafts, etc., thus providing a multipurpose tool for the archer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART U.S. Pat. No. 3,890,692 issued to John J. Jandura, Jr. on Jun. 24, 1975 discloses a Process And Apparatus For The Removal Of Arrows. The apparatus is an elongated shaft with a concentric threaded hole at one end providing for attachment to a mating arrowhead threaded shank, and a knurled handle on the other end. The method disclosed for using the device comprises twisting the tool after securing it to the arrowhead, to loosen the arrowhead from its imbedded state. Accordingly, the device is limited to use with non-bladed tips, as the blades of a broadhead arrowhead could not be twisted in their imbedded position. The present invention does not twist the arrowhead relative to the object in which it is imbedded, for removal therefrom.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,043,020 issued to Anthony J. Hoggard on Aug. 23, 1977 discloses an Arrowhead Extractor using a slide hammer principle. While the abstract notes that means are provided to retain the shaft in the housing to prevent accidental noise in the field, this would only apply to the carriage or storage of the device and not to its actual use; it is not seen how repeated blows from the slide hammer could be muffled sufficiently to provide essentially quiet operation. The hammer and shaft portions are rotationally fixed when the hammer is retracted, so the shaft can be threaded to the arrowhead shank, but otherwise the hammer portion is free to rotate. The central extractor and the outer body of the present invention are locked together rotationally at all times.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,169,454 issued to Lonnie M. Jones on Oct. 2, 1979 discloses a Combination Of An Archery Bow, Bow Stabilizer And Arrow Head Extractor. The weight normally secured to the end of the stabilizer rod is removed and the weight is threaded to the shank of the arrowhead after removing the arrow shaft. The stabilizer rod is then passed through a transverse hole in the weight and used as a lever to pry the blade from its imbedded position. If the prying or levering force is not applied essentially perfectly coaxially along the arrowhead shaft or shank, the shank may be bent or broken and the blades of a broadhead arrowhead may also be bent or broken, thus necessitating replacement. The present extractor applies the extracting force evenly, continually, and coaxially along the arrowhead shank or shaft, and does not use any angular or rotational force to pry or twist the arrowhead from its imbedded position.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,387,697 issued to J. Douglas Duke on Jun. 14, 1983 discloses a Arrow Point Puller And Bow Stabilizer which operates on the same principle as that of the Hoggard device discussed above. The Duke device provides for attachment to a bow as a stabilizer, however, unlike the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,478,204 issued to Joseph A. Kocsan on Oct. 23, 1984 discloses a System Of A Bow Stabilizer And An Imbedded Arrow Head Remover. The weight on the stabilizer shaft must be loosened to act as the hammer when the device is to be used as an arrowhead extractor, thus requiring the precise repositioning of the weight when the stabilizer is replaced in order to ensure the precise tuning of the stabilizer and bow. Otherwise, the Kocsan extractor operates using the same principle as that of the Hoggard and Duke devices discussed above.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,584,983 issued to Gary S. Ament on Apr. 29, 1986 discloses an Archery Bow Stabilizer And Imbedded Arrowhead Remover essentially along the lines of the Duke and Kocsan devices discussed above. Again, a slide hammer principle of extraction is used, unlike the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,957,095 issued to Ronald D. Cameron on Sep. 18, 1990 discloses an Archery Bow Stabilizer And Imbedded Arrowhead Remover similar to the Duke, Kocsan, and Ament devices discussed above and operating on the slide hammer principle, unlike the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. Des. 256,606 issued to Anthony J. Hoggard on Aug. 26, 1980 discloses an Arrowhead Remover comprising a relatively thick, flat material having plural passages therethrough. The passages appear to be sized to allow arrowheads of two to five blades to pass therethrough, depending upon the specific passage. No function or method of operation is disclosed by the design patent.
Finally, Soviet Patent No. 1,489,969 and published on Jun. 30, 1989 discloses a Mechanised Hand Tool For Screwing Threaded Sleeves. No similarity is seen to the present invention, as the device does not include plural slots for the capture of arrowhead blades or the like, nor does the body of the device (described as a nut) remain stationary in use, but rotates. Such rotation would defeat the purpose of the present device, in which it is essential that the body or barrel of the device remain stationary relative to the object in which the arrowhead is imbedded, to provide a solid fixture for the withdrawal of the arrowhead.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION By the present invention, an improved arrowhead extractor is disclosed.
Accordingly, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved arrowhead extractor which provides for the extraction of an arrowhead from a relatively dense object in which the arrowhead is imbedded, by applying a steady and constant concentric tensile force to the shank of the arrowhead.
Another of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved arrowhead extractor which is adaptable for use with non-bladed arrowheads, as well as bladed arrowheads having plural blades of different numbers.
Yet another of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved arrowhead extractor which also provides for the secure holding of an arrowhead for the installation, removal, or sharpening of the blades thereof, or for the installation or removal of an arrow shaft to or from an arrowhead.
Still another of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved arrowhead extractor which is also adaptable for use in straightening the shank of an arrowhead which has been bent after striking an object.
A final object of the present invention is to provide an improved arrowhead extractor for the purposes described which is inexpensive, dependable and fully effective in accomplishing its intended purpose.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the present arrowhead extractor, showing its various components and its installation on an imbedded arrowhead.
FIG. 2 is a side view in section of the present arrowhead extractor, showing its various components in an assembled state.
FIG. 3 is an end view of the end of the present arrowhead extractor, showing the slots providing for use with arrowheads having various different blade configurations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now particularly to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the present invention will be seen to relate to an arrowhead extractor 10 which provides for the extraction or withdrawal of an arrowhead from relatively dense material (e.g., wood) into which the arrowhead has become imbedded. Normally, when archery hunting or target shooting, the intended target is relatively soft and pliable, and the removal of an arrowhead from the target (or game) is not difficult. However, an archer will occasionally miss the intended target, and the arrow will strike another object. In the case of relatively dense material (e.g., a tree, designated as T in FIG. 1, or other wood material) the arrowhead may penetrate to the extent that withdrawal of the head can be quite difficult. This is especially true of bladed arrowheads such as the arrowhead A of FIG. 1, due to the relatively thin blades B and the possibility of damage to such blades B.
The present arrowhead extractor 10 provides for ease of removal of arrowheads under such circumstances, and generally comprises a generally cylindrical barrel 12, a threaded extractor shaft 14, and a collar 16. The barrel 12 includes an unthreaded, concentric passage 18 through its center, which passage 18 is sized to provide for the sliding fit of the extractor shaft 14 therethrough. The collar 16 includes a threaded insert 20, which female threads 22 mate with the male threads 24 of the threaded extractor shaft 14.
The barrel 12 includes an arrowhead receiving end 26 and an opposite collar bearing end 28, with the concentric barrel passage 18 having a relatively larger diameter 30 extending from the arrowhead receiving end 26 to a point near the collar bearing end 28, where the passage diameter decreases to a smaller diameter 32 sized to fit closely the major diameter 34 of the threaded extractor shaft 14. The smaller diameter passage portion of the barrel 12 also includes a keyway 36 with a key 38 installed therein, which key 38 engages a mating keyway 40 formed along the entire length of the extractor shaft. With the fixed key 38 of the barrel portion 12 engaging the keyway 40 of the extractor shaft 14, rotational movement of the shaft within and relative to the barrel 12 is precluded, and the shaft 14 is limited to longitudinal sliding movement within the barrel passage 18.
The barrel 12 may also include a plurality of ridges or ribs 42 disposed on the outer surface 44 thereof, with the ribs 42 providing a better grip for the user of the extractor 10. (The specific number of ribs may vary; e.g., FIG. 1 discloses five ribs 42 on one side of the barrel 12, while FIG. 3 shows a total of six ribs 42 disposed about the entire circumference of the barrel 12. The specific number may be provided as desired.) These ribs 42 preferably extend from the collar bearing end 28 of the barrel 12 and parallel to the concentric barrel passage 18, for some distance along the outer surface 44 toward the arrowhead receiving end 26 of the barrel 12.
The barrel portion 12 of the extractor 10 will also be seen to include a plurality of longitudinal slots 46 each having a depth extending between the outer surface 44 and the internal barrel passage 18 of the barrel 12. The slots 46 are provided for clearance of the blades B of a bladed arrowhead A. As bladed arrowheads may have anywhere from two to five blades, a corresponding number and orientation of slots 46 are provided in the barrel 12. In the case of a double bladed arrowhead A with two blades B spaced 180 degrees apart (e.g., FIG. 1), a first slot 46a and a second slot 46b, 180 degrees around the circumference of the barrel 12, are provided. For three bladed arrowheads, the first slot 46a is used with two additional slots 46c, each spaced 120 degrees from the other. In the case of four bladed arrowheads, the first slot 46a is used along with two other slots 46d and slot 46b, each spaced 90 degrees from one another, and with five bladed arrowheads the first slot is used along with four other slots 46e each spaced 72 degrees from one another. It will be seen that provision for bladed arrowheads having a greater number of blades than those discussed above may be accomplished by providing an appropriate number and spacing for additional slots, and/or making such slots sufficiently wide so as to encompass blades having different arcuate spacing.
The extractor shaft 14 (shown foreshortened in FIG. 1) has an arrowhead attachment end 48 and an opposite solid end 50. The attachment end 48 includes a threaded hole 52 therein, with the female threads having a pitch and diameter sized to mate with the standard male threaded shank S of an arrowhead. As noted above, the unthreaded barrel passage 18 allows the threaded extractor shaft 14 to slide longitudinally therethrough. However, the collar 16 includes a threaded insert 20 therein, as noted above, which threaded insert is formed to mate with the threads 24 of the extractor shaft 14. The collar 16 may also include a handle 54 extending therefrom, which handle 54 may be pivotally secured to the collar 16 by means of a bolt, such as the hexagonal socket head cap screw 56 shown; other attachment means may be used alternatively.
The present arrowhead extractor 10 is preferably formed of materials which are light in weight, yet durable. It has been found that a plastic composite material is quite suitable for the unthreaded major components of the present invention; glass fiber imbedded within a Nylon (tm) matrix has been found to be satisfactory for the barrel portion 12 of the device, providing both light weight and acceptable durability. In a like manner, the outer portion of the collar 16 may be formed of the same material.
However, the threaded portions of the present invention require greater strength due to the localized pressures on the threads. Hence, the threaded extractor shaft 14 and the internally threaded collar insert 20 are preferably formed of metal, e.g., stainless steel for longevity and durability in field conditions. The handle 54 may be formed of any suitable material providing sufficient strength for the leverage required; aluminum has been found to be suitable in terms of weight and strength.
Operation of the present invention may best be seen by reference to FIG. 1. When an arrowhead A becomes imbedded in a dense material, e.g., the tree T shown, considerable force is often required for the removal of the arrowhead. The present arrowhead extractor facilitates such removal. First, the shaft (not shown) of the arrow is removed, exposing the threaded shank S of the arrowhead, and the extractor shaft 14 is threaded onto the shank S of the arrowhead A. The barrel 12 of the extractor 10 is then placed over the arrowhead A with the appropriate slots 46 aligned for clearance of the blades B of the arrowhead A, and the keyway 40 of the extractor shaft 14 aligned with the key 38 within the smaller diameter portion 32 of the barrel passage 18. (The present invention may also be used with non-bladed arrowheads, in which case the blade clearance slots 46 are superfluous.) The solid end 50 of the extractor shaft 14 will extend from the collar bearing end 28 of the barrel 12, due to the relatively longer length of the extractor shaft 14, as shown in FIG. 2. The collar 16 is then threaded onto the solid end 50 of the extractor shaft 14, by means of the female threads 22 of the collar insert 20 and the male threads 24 of the extractor shaft 14. It will be seen that, as the collar 16 is threadedly advanced along the length of the extractor shaft 14, the barrel 12 will become compressed between the tree T or other article in which the arrowhead A is imbedded, and the collar 16. The result will be a tensile force on the extractor shaft 14, which will tend to withdraw the arrowhead A from the dense object in which it is imbedded. The handle 54 of the collar 16 may be used to provide greater leverage and mechanical advantage as needed. The extractor shaft is precluded from rotation relative to the barrel 12 due to the fixed key 38 within the barrel 12, and the cooperating keyway 40 of the extractor shaft 12. The arrowhead receiving end 26 of the barrel 12 will be compressed against the article in which the arrowhead A is imbedded, and thus be restrained from turning; the ribs 42 on the outer surface of the barrel 12 may be gripped to prevent turning of the barrel 12 if additional assistance is required.
After the arrowhead A has been removed from the object in which it was imbedded, the collar 16 may be unthreaded from the extractor shaft 14 to withdraw the blades B (if any) of the arrowhead A from the slots 46, whereupon the shank S of the arrowhead A may be unthreaded from the extractor shaft 14 and reattached to the arrow shaft for further use.
The present invention provides even further uses than the extraction procedure described above. For example, often an arrowhead shank S will become bent when the arrow strikes a dense material; such is usually evident when the archer retrieves the arrow, and/or removes the arrow shaft for removal of the arrowhead from its imbedded state. The (preferably steel) extractor shaft 14 may be used to straighten the shank S, by threading it onto the shank and arcuately moving the extractor to rebend and straighten the shank S. This cannot be done using the relatively light and weak, hollow aluminum arrow shafts commonly used. The device provides further utility in holding broadhead (bladed) arrowheads for sharpening and/or removing or installing blades in the arrowhead shank, by threadedly locking the shank onto the end of the extractor shaft 14 and placing the extractor shaft into the barrel 12. As the arrowhead shank is tightly threaded and locked onto the extractor shaft 14, and the extractor shaft 14 is precluded from rotation by means of the key and keyway discussed above, the blades are held in a stationary position relative to the barrel 12 for work thereon without undue danger of cuts or other injuries from the relatively sharp blades. The barrel 12 is also useful for assisting in the attachment or removal of arrow shafts from bladed arrowheads, by inserting the blades of the arrowhead into the appropriate slots 46 of the barrel with the shank S extending within the barrel passage 18. An arrow shaft may then be threaded onto or removed from the arrowhead shank with the user holding the barrel 12, without the user having to handle the bladed arrowhead directly; the blades of the arrowhead are precluded from turning by their capture within the slots 46 of the barrel 12.
Accordingly, the present arrowhead extractor 10 provides not only for the extraction of arrowheads from dense materials into which they have become imbedded, but also for a variety of additional uses related to the archery field. The present invention will be seen to be extremely valuable in the field for the archer, and to be an extremely versatile tool.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3462988 *Feb 21, 1968Aug 26, 1969Tudor Robert HAnchor setting toolUS3890692 *Feb 13, 1974Jun 24, 1975Jr John J JanduraProcess and apparatus for the removal of arrowsUS4043020 *Jul 16, 1976Aug 23, 1977Tomar CorporationArrowhead extractorUS4169454 *Feb 23, 1978Oct 2, 1979Jones Lonnie MCombination of an archery bow, bow stabilizer and arrow head extractorUS4194278 *Jul 24, 1978Mar 25, 1980Sanders Fletcher TBroadhead and field point extractor toolUS4387697 *Nov 28, 1980Jun 14, 1983Duke J DouglasArrow point puller and bow stabilizerUS4478204 *Jan 31, 1983Oct 23, 1984Kocsan Joseph ASystem of a bow stabilizer and an embedded arrow head removerUS4584983 *Sep 28, 1983Apr 29, 1986Ament Gary SArchery bow stabilizer and embedded arrowhead removerUS4957095 *Feb 1, 1990Sep 18, 1990Cougar Archery ProductsArchery bow stabilizer and embedded arrowhead removerSU1489969A1 * Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5621957 *Jul 28, 1995Apr 22, 1997Herrera; Robert C.Arrowhead extraction toolUS5682660 *Jul 16, 1996Nov 4, 1997Hansen; Robert A.Arrowhead extractorUS6148492 *Nov 11, 1999Nov 21, 2000Gaulden; Daren R.Extractor for arrowheadsUS20110192003 *Feb 10, 2010Aug 11, 2011Walter NabityArrowhead remover and method of use thereof* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification29/264International ClassificationB25B27/02, F41B5/14, B25B27/073Cooperative ClassificationF41B5/1465, B25B27/023European ClassificationF41B5/14F12, B25B27/02BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 22, 1999FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19990425Apr 25, 1999LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesNov 17, 1998REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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effort will touch all areas of your IT organization, and perhaps even outside of IT. It is likely that you have teams in your organization today that are involved with some aspects of governance, such as Enterprise Architecture, but it is unlikely that a single team has domain over all aspects of the SOA effort. Are your architects setting policies that determine what projects get funded? Are your managers defining policies that guide how solutions get built? The SOA effort will challenge the existing organizational structure and create dependencies across teams where they did not exist before.
SOA governance is the combination of people, policies, and processes that an organization leverages to achieve the desired behavior in their SOA adoption efforts. This refcard provides Enterprise Architects, senior IT managers, and SOA program managers with an overview of the considerations, approaches, and technologies necessary for successful SOA governance. The hardest part of SOA adoption is the cultural change required. This can include changes not only in the technologies utilized in building solutions, but also the processes by which solutions are initially defined, funded, resourced, managed in production, and changed per the needs of the business. SOA governance must enable an organization to answer two fundamental questions. What are the right services to build? How do I build services the right way? Beyond these fundamental questions, SOA governance must go deeper to ensure that the desired behaviors of the adoption effort are achieved. This is especially critical, because the typical desired behaviors, such as increased agility and reduction or elimination of redundancy, will not be achieved through a single project or program, but over the successful execution of many projects, and sustained through the projects that follow. It is governance that must provide the policies that guide how those projects are defined, executed, and maintained so that goals are met.
The most important thing is to have your governance efforts match the culture of the organization, presuming that your organization is already effective in its decision making and policy setting processes. If it is not, then perhaps a change is in order.
Command-and-Control Organizations
Organizations that operate in a manner that always looks up the organization chart for policy definition and decisionmaking are typically known as command-and-control organizations. While the rigidity of the processes and recognition of the chain of command may be a turn off for many, this does not mean that the organization cannot be effective with this approach. Sometimes it is only way to get things back in line if the current processes are very chaotic and ineffective. In such an organization, having the SOA governance team show up on the organization chart either as a new entity or as a collection of dotted lines that report in to the highest levels within IT may be required to ensure that the authority of the team is recognized.
Governance must begin with, but not end with, people. People must take the desired outcome of the SOA effort, determine what the desired behaviors are, and define the policies that comprise that behavior. These people must be viewed as authorities in the organization. Without authority, the organization will not respect the policies that have been established. At the same time, the selection of the people that will be associated with your governance effort and how they interact with the people executing the projects is the area of most risk in implementing SOA governance. From the people chosen, to the method of interaction with the project teams, to the decision making culture of the organization, the people can be the difference between effective and ineffective governance.
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When determining the people that will be part of your SOA governance effort, you must determine how those people will be organized. The challenge you will face is that an SOA
Determining your Organizational Approach, continued
Roles, continued
Security Architect Responsible for ensuring that the technology solutions of the company take appropriate measures to protect its corporate assets and intellectual property. Responsible for the technology platform where services (and consumers, for internal consumers) are hosted, and the entry criteria for deployment. Responsible for managing the relationships with service consumers via service contracts, managing the service lifecycle, and ensuring that proper run-time governance is in place. Responsible for managing personnel, work, and budget.
Consensus-Driven Organizations
At the opposite extreme are organizations whose decision making process is completely independent from the organizational structure. These consensus-driven organizations focus on bringing the right people together for the question at hand, and allow them to reach the appropriate decision. Their effectiveness is based on how quickly the people involved can reach consensus. The risk with this approach is that decisions are not made in a timely manner, because consensus is very difficult to reach. If your organization is an effective consensus-driven organization, a formal SOA governance team may not be necessary. Rather, the right people will naturally come together to establish policy because thats how the organization operates.
Establishing a center of excellence is not enough to ensure success with your SOA governance and SOA adoption efforts. While governance begins with people, it cannot end there. If all decisions must be made and/or reviewed by the center of excellence, your efforts will not scale as the COE will become a bottleneck for all of your projects. In order to allow your governance efforts to scale, the people must focus first on establishing policies. Policies are the standards and guidelines that enable the staff executing your SOA projects to make appropriate decisions and achieve the desired behaviors. There are three key timeframes for which policies are necessary:
Pre-Project Governance In this timeframe, the primary concern is with determining what IT projects to fund and execute, which is frequently associated with the broader subject of IT governance. While SOA governance should not introduce new governance processes associated with deciding what projects to fund and execute, policies associated with SOA governance should be included in the criteria. This is the timeframe where the policies must aid in answering the question, What are the right services to build? This is also referred to as design-time governance; however, the activities in this time frame are concerned with much more than solution design. The policies at this stage must aid in answering the question, How do I build my services the right way? Governance does not end when the projects are complete. SOA adoption can increase the number of moving parts in any given solution, and if the dependencies arent managed appropriately chaos can ensue. You need to have appropriate run-time policies to ensure the systems behave appropriately while in use and that the relationships between service consumers and service providers are managed.
In all likelihood, your organization will fall somewhere in the middle. The commonality across both approaches is that the SOA governance effort must recognize that SOA will touch many, if not all areas of your IT organization, and will likely cross the existing organizational boundaries. By drawing people from multiple areas into the effort, your chances of missing some piece of the SOA governance puzzle are lessened. This collection of people will form your SOA Center of Excellence. You can choose to formally represent that within your organization chart, if necessary, or it can simply be another one of many virtual teams that a consensus-driven organization naturally leverages to ensure success.
Enterprise Architecture Information Architecture
Lead Developers Lead Analysts
There are key artifacts that can assist in defining policies at this timeframe.
Because of the domains of policies that will be necessary for your SOA efforts, there are many roles in the organization that will need to be involved with the governance effort.
Role Enterprise Architect Solution Architect Description Responsible for establishing technical policies, expressed in the form of reference architectures, that define how services will be built and infrastructure leveraged. Responsible for the technical leadership and decisions on a project or program, and for the projects compliance with the technical designtime policies. Responsible for ensuring the consistent representation of information on service messages. Responsible for technical policies within a smaller domain, expressed through domain-specific reference architectures. Responsible for the functional aspects and business analysis activities of the solution, including defining what services get built.
Business Domain / Capability Models
Funding Ownership
Can influence how funds are distributed in an organization, and this can be a barrier to SOA adoption. The organization chart must be leveraged and modified where necessary to account for clear service ownership and funding approaches. if the organizational issues arent discussed at the time projects are defined and funded, it can severly hamper the efforts of the project team. All are closely related. These are analysis artifacts that should be used to guide the decisions on what services should be created. Business process models and the application portfolio provide excellent context on existing applications and processes, but each on their own runs the risk of focusing on application silos or process silos. By combining these two with a capability map against the business domains, in essence a heat map of business capabilities, the areas where shared services will provide the most value can more easily be identified. It is important to do this outside of the context of
Information Architect Technical Lead/ Domain Architect Business Analyst
Business Process Models, Business Domain/ Capability Models and Application Portfolio
Pre-Project Governance, continued
Business Process Models, Business Domain/ Capability Models and Application Portfolio, continued Service Porfolio any project, as within a project, there is significant pressure to constrain analysis efforts and avoid analysis paralysis. A good reference for this approach is the book Enterprise SOA Adoption Strategies by Steve Jones of CapGemini. The last artifact is a catalog of services that have been built and are available in production, but it is much more powerful when it is used as a planning tool. When the organization has taken the time to perform business process analysis and business domain/capability analysis, an outcome should be the definition of key services that the organization needs to create to fully leverage SOA.
Service Technology Reference Architechture, continued
Management Services Information Services These are services that expose management and administrative functionality. There are technologies, such as SNMP, JMX, and WSManagement that have been tailored for this purpose. These are services that are used to retrieve information from a variety of data sources, aggregating the results into a single response. These services differ from composite services in that they are specifically designed to talk only to data sources on the back end, rather than any arbitrary web service. These are services that provide content feeds, typically adhering to feed syndication standards such as RSS and ATOM. This is a catch-all category for any service that doesnt fit into any of the other categories.
Content Subscription Services General Business Services
Policies for Pre-Project Governance The following are questions/policies that you should consider in your pre-project governance efforts:
Pre-project governance Has the proposed project identified candidate services? Has the proposed project mapped candidate services to the business domains as represented in the business domain/capability models? Has the proposed project reviewed the service portfolio against the list of candidate services? Has an appropriate team of project stakeholders been identified based upon candidate services? Has the proposed program/project been appropriately structured and scheduled to properly manage the development and integration of new and existing services? Have all funding details been determined based upon the services proposed and the organizations involved? Does the roadmap include the development of services with high potential for reuse? Are projects encouraged to reuse existing services, where appropriate, based upon the business domain models and business objectives? Are projects allowed to create redundancies, where appropriate, based upon the business domain models and business objectives? Have existing systems been taken into account in the definition of the proposed services? Is the organizational structure being reviewed on a regular basis based upon continued service analysis? Does the organization have a clear approach to resolving service ownership models? Are business processes properly leveraging services? Does your service portfolio properly account for any globalization impact? Does the service portfolio properly account for any planned areas for growth by acquisition?
These service types are mapped to service technologies, defining both the service platform as well as the service communication technologies. The service platform defines where the service implementation will be hosted and executed, such as a Java Application Server or a BPEL orchestration platform, while the service communication technology defines the message formats and the communication technologies used to interact with the service, such as XML, SOAP, and HTTP. The mapping effort links service types to technologies. The service technology reference architecture must also provide policies on how the non-functional capabilities associated with services interactions will be provided by the underlying infrastructure. This includes: Security Routing and load balancing n	Transport and mediation n	High availability and failover n	Monitoring and management nVersioning and transformations
In order to perform project governance, the following artifacts are recommended as sources of policy:
These non-functional capabilities should be enforced through policy-driven infrastructure that is configured, rather than coded.
Service Technology Reference Architecture Service Security Reference Architecture Service Blueprints and Frameworks Service Information Models and Schemas
These non-functional capabilities are a key aspect of SOA, because they are the foundation of run-time governance. At the same time, they must be factored into the design-time decisions, because if the development teams dont utilize the technology appropriately, the ability to enforce run-time governance policies will disappear.
Service technology reference architecture Helps ensure that appropriate technologies are used for the service being developed. It should first define the appropriate service types for the organization and then map those types to specific service technologies. Service types can include:
Composite Services Automated (Orchestrated) Processes Integration Services Presentation Services These are services that are built by combining the output of two or more services and aggregating the respective responses into a single response. These are services that are built by executing a fully automated sequence of actions as represented in a graphical process model. These are services whose purpose is to enable a system that does not support service standards to speak with service consumers. These are services that provide information in a presentation-friendly format, providing information in such a way that it is easily consumed by user interface technologies.
Service security reference architecture The next artifact is the service security reference architecture. This can be included as a subset of the Service Technology Reference Architecture, or created as a standalone artifact. Regardless of the approach, there are Service Consumer two questions that Routing must be answered Load Balancing by the reference Traffic Shaping architecture. What Policy Driven Security Infrastructure Transport Mediation security policies Transformation must be enforced? Monitoring What technologies Logging Service are used for Provider enforcing those policies?
Service Security Reference Architecture, continued
These questions must guide the developers of services and their consumers on security policies for authentication, authorization, encryption, digital signatures, and threat prevention. This includes how identity is represented on messages, how it flows through a chain of service invocations, how and where authorization decisions are made, what type of data should be encrypted and where it should be encrypted, how and where incoming and outgoing messages are checked for potentially malicious content, and more. Service blueprints and frameworks Service blueprints are examples of common patterns that demonstrate a policy-compliant way of solving a particular problem. Their use can make the collection of policies associated with a reference architecture must less daunting to a project team. Common patterns may include integration scenarios with legacy systems, exposing services to external parties, and consuming services provided by external parties. Service frameworks are reusable libraries that, when used, allow implementations to be compliant with the policies of the organization, such as using the correct security credentials on service messages. Compliance is easiest when it is the path of least resistance, and making it so a developer only needs to write one or two lines of code, or even none, can make that happen. Standard information models and schemas Standard information models and schemas do not present one universal representation that everyone agrees on, because it probably doesnt exist. Rather, they ensure consistency in the way information is represented, minimizing the number of representations. Industry verticals, such as SWIFT (financial services), HIPAA (healthcare), and ACORD (insurance), can be leveraged as starting points, and are likely required when exposing services externally. Policies for project governance The following are questions/policies that you should consider in your project governance efforts, in addition to all those that were specified in the pre-project governance if not enforced at that time:
Policies for project governance Have all services been mapped to an appropriate type? Are the service technologies chosen for each service consistent with the type to technology mapping specified in the reference architecture? Does the service use the standard communication technologies specified in the reference architecture? Does the service interface comply with all naming conventions for URLs as specified in the reference architecture? Does the service interface properly reference all external schema definitions, rather than copying them locally? Does the service interface use the standard schema definitions properly? Do external facing services only expose industry standard schemas, where they exist? Is the service interface compliant with industry standards, such as WS-I? Does the service require identity on its messages? Are all service consumers properly specifying identity on outgoing requests? Have appropriate authorization policies been established for the service? Is the service communication infrastructure being leveraged appropriately? Are all internal consumers properly leveraging the standard service frameworks? Is all sensitive information properly encrypted according to the service security policies?
Policies for Project Governance, continued
Have service contracts been established between all consumers and providers? Are all aspects of the service contract fully specified including message schemas, versions,
delivery schedule, points of contact, and expected usage rates?
Have all services been thoroughly and adequately tested, with testing results available to service consumers, if required by the service contract? For internal consumers, testing results should always be available to help counter the natural tendency for developers to resist using things they didnt personally write. Have service managers been assigned for all new services? Are the service boundaries identified in the solution consistent with the business domain models? Has the solution incorporated existing services appropriately? Has the solution properly published information about new services into the Service Registry/ Repository? Has the solution avoided creating redundant services where not appropriate according to the business domain models?
During this timeframe, the major concern is the correct behavior of service consumers and service providers so that the infrastructure remains operational and in a healthy state at all times. At its core, the run-time infrastructure consists of three things: infrastructure used to execute the logic associated with the service consumer, infrastructure used to execute the logic associated with the service provider, and infrastructure used to allow communication between the two. Three core principles that should be adopted:
Service Consumer Service Providers Responsible for ensuring that all messages they send are compliant with the service communication standards. Responsible for ensuring that they expose endpoints that can consume messages that are compliant with the service communication standards. Enforces all non-functional capabilities for all messages that are compliant with the service communication standards, including mediation between those standards.
External Service Consumer Internal Service Consumer Optional Adapter Corporate Standard Communications Service Communications Infrastructure Corporate Standard Communications Optional Adapter Internal Service Providers Industry Standard Communications External Gateway Corporate Standard Communications
Service Communication Infrastructure
If a consumer or provider is not capable of being compliant with the service communication standards, adapters are leveraged not in the middle (the service communications infrastructure), but rather on the endpoints where the service consumers and service providers are deployed. Service Contract The service contract is the collection of policies that govern the interaction between a service consumer and a service provider, much as a legal contract is used to govern the relationship between two parties. This includes the messaging schemas, such as those defined in a WSDL file for a Web Service, but must also include the policies that govern the run-time behavior, such as the expected usage by the consumer in an appropriate level of detail, as well as the expected response time from the provider when the system is
Service Contract, continued
behaving as expected. It is the responsibility of the run-time infrastructure to enforce the policies of the service contract.
The Four Processes of Governance, continued
The following are questions/policies that you should consider in your run-time governance efforts:
Policies for run-time governance What is the normal rate of requests for a given service consumer? What is the expected response time for the service provider for typical requests from that service consumer? What actions are taken when the request rate for a given service consumer exceeds each of the agreed upon thresholds? What actions are taken when the response time for a given service consumer exceeds each of the agreed upon thresholds? Are there any time restrictions on when a particular consumer can access a service? For services with multiple entry points via different technologies (e.g. SOAP/HTTP, XML/HTTP, SOAP/JMS), is policy enforcement defined and consistent (if needed) for each entry point? Are all security policies configured and being enforced? Are service requests routed to the appropriate version for each consumer, or have appropriate transformations applied preserving backward compatibility? Are all service messages being logged appropriately per any enterprise auditing requirements? Are all service messages being logged and preserved for the purpose of debugging? Are usage metrics being properly collected? Are usage reports being generated and distributed appropriately? Are the recipients of these reports properly reviewing them and accounting for any discrepancies in behavior? Are all policies associated with message structure being enforced by the run-time infrastructure? Are non-compliant messages being logged, rejected, and reported to appropriate personnel?
Governing Body (People) Measurement and Feedback Policy Enforcement
The role of SOA governance technology is not to be your governance, but rather support your governance processes by making them more efficient. To do this, there are two areas where technology can be part of your SOA governance effort.
This is the first area in support of service metadata and policy management. The registry/repository allows you to track services, service consumers, and the policies that govern their interactions. It can be the critical tool in performing service portfolio management and service lifecycle management. Through domain modeling, process analysis, and other techniques, the portfolio can be populated with planned services, updated as they are implemented, and decommissioned when all consumers disappear, with the registry/repository being the tracking point. In addition to service metadata, the registry/repository can also be used for policy management. Policies also have a lifecycle associated with them that must be managed. If the teams that are expected to adhere to policies arent aware the policies exist, your governance efforts will be sub-optimal.
The fOUr PrOceSSeS Of GOvernAnce
There are four key processes that must be executed as part of your governance processes: policy definition, communication and education, enforcement, and measurement and feedback.
Policy definition Concerned with establishing the policies that the governance team feels will result in the desired behavior if they are followed. Without policy, the rest of the organization must either guess what the correct decisions are to get to the desired outcome, or involve someone from the governance team on every single project. The first option is unlikely to lead to success, and the second option has both scalability issues as well as being prone to variation based upon the tribal knowledge of the particular person from the governance team involved. Defining and documenting the policies is step one toward gaining consistency in the outcome. Just because the governance team has reached agreement and documented the policies doesnt mean theyre going to be followed, or even known for that matter. A formal, planned communication effort to educate the organization on why youre adopting SOA, the desired behavior you hope to achieve, and the policies that are being put in place to achieve them is required. Its not a one time presentation to all of IT, but rather a series of targeted communications for the various roles in the organization, large group presentations, small team presentations, blogs, wikis, and appropriate surveys and followups to ensure that the communication is effective. Even if your communication efforts are incredibly successful, you still need to put processes in place to ensure the policies are being followed. What you will find, however, is the better job you can do on communication and education, the easier your enforcement processes can be. If education is poor, enforcement will likely need to be more heavy-handed. Where possible, automated testing and reporting can certainly make the processes more efficient and cost-effective. The governance group must have measurement and feedback processes to ensure that progress is being made toward the desired behavior. If the desired behavior is not reached, something needs to be changed, and it could easily be the policies, the processes, or the people involved with governance. Accountability is lost if the team puts policies and processes in place, but then does nothing to verify that all that effort actually paid off.
The second area is policy enforcement where multiple technologies can be leveraged.
Education and Comunication
Technologies Service Testing Description Can evaluate service interfaces for compliance with enterprise policies (some registry/repository solutions can also do this at time of registration). A key factor to consider is integration with other designtime testing solutions, whether for functional testing, regression testing, load testing, or performance testing. These same test cases can also be leveraged at run-time for active monitoring of services in production. Shared libraries that a developer leverages when constructing service consumers or service providers. These frameworks can make policy compliance automatic, and thus the path of least resistance.
Measurment and Feedback
At run-time, there are three types of technologies that can be leveraged for enforcement of the run-time contract between a service consumer and service provider.
Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) XML Appliance Service Management Platforms
No Formal Contracts The interaction between a consumer and a provider is more than just making sure the messages are compatible. If multiple consumers are involved, the run-time interactions must be carefully managed to ensure that one badly behaved consumer (or provider), doesnt cause all consumers to experience problems. If the desire of the organization is to reuse existing services, nothing will stop that effort in its tracks more than having nobody responsible for the service after it is put into production. If it requires changes to support a new consumer, and no one is there to make those changes, or if funding can not be allocated properly, the project teams will take the path of least resistance and build their own version of the service. All services are not created equal. Some services may be used by many consumers, others may only have one consumer. Treating all services as if they will have many consumers may cause an overinvestment in many, just as holding off until the second consumer comes along can cause an under-investment. The proper way is to perform analysis outside of any particular project to model the organization and provide some context to make good decisions on the level investment necessary for any given service.
enabling standards-based connectivity between consumers and providers, typically with stronger appeal to developers. These appliances tend to excel in XML security and threat protection, but may not have the flexibility of some ESB solutions. The focus here is on the instrumentation and analysis of service interactions, allowing alerts to be issued, requests to be throttled or prioritized, and reports generated. There is overlap with the ESB space, as many management platforms also provide gateways with similar capabilities, but the platforms typically have agents that can integrate nicely with your existing infrastructure, including ESBs, appliances, and hosting platforms. Key Pitfalls for SOA Governance Efforts
Lack of Service Ownership and Lifecycle Management
Lack of Analysis Outside of Projects
Lack of Communication and Education
A common approach to governance is to assign some senior people to a review board and mandate that all projects go through a review as part of the development process. The problem with this is that the people involved frequently dont define the policies that teams are required to follow, and even if they do, they arent communicated. As a result, the project teams are left to guess what the expectations are, and the reviews are likely unsuccessful.
SOA Governance is the key to a successful adoption of service-oriented architecture. It is the process of establishing a desired outcome for your efforts, and then leveraging people, policies, and processes to make that outcome a reality. This includes technical policies and standards that guide your design-time activities, preproject policies that impact your project selection and funding decisions, and finally, run-time policies that impact your operational management activities. The adoption of SOA is intended to improve the efficiency and productivity of your company, and your SOA governance efforts are critical in achieving your goals in quality, consistency, predictability, change management, and interdependencies of services.
Todd Biske is a Senior Enterprise Architect with Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri. He has over 15 years of experience in Information Technology, both as a corporate practitioner and as a consultant, working with companies involved with Agriculture, Atmospheric Sciences, Financial Services, Insurance, and Travel and Leisure. His interests include Service Oriented Architecture, Systems Management Technologies, Usability, and Human-Computer Interaction. He has a M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, is a member of the SOA Consortium, is a frequent conference presenter, and writes a popular blog on strategic IT topics at http://www.biske.com/blog/
books.dzone.com/books/soa-governance
ISBN-13: 978-1-934238-44-8 ISBN-10: 1-934238-44-9
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Copyright 2009 DZone, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Reference: Soa Governance, Todd Biske, Packt Publishing October 2008
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I have been visiting Dr. Saremi and Dr. Johnstone's office for over 20 years. They always treat me with respect and are very thorough.

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BBC Democracy Live - Barroso leads Commission tributes to Thatcher
Barroso leads Commission tributes to Thatcher
Last updated at 14:40 Help	The President of the European Commission, Jose Manuel Barroso, has paid tribute to Baroness Thatcher, describing her as a "great stateswoman".
In a statement in Brussels on 8 April 2013, he highlighted the work of the former British prime minister in bringing an end to the Cold War and welcomed her support for the enlargement of the EU to countries of the former Eastern Bloc.
Mr Barroso also noted her strong support for the 1986 Single European Act which paved the way for a full internal market in the EU.
Baroness Thatcher died at the age of 87, following a stroke.

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Audiobooks written by Tamra Lassiter | Audible.com
Search Results for Author: Tamra Lassiter
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Ball, Stuart-Britain`S Hoverflies BOOK NEW | eBay
Details about Ball, Stuart-Britain`S Hoverflies BOOK NEW
Ball, Stuart-Britain`S Hoverflies BOOK NEW
05 Apr, 2018 21:50:46 AEST
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value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


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Patent US6149980 - Perfluoroalkyl haloalkyl ethers and compositions and applications thereof - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsDescribed are compositions comprising perfluoroalkyl haloalkyl ethers and, optionally, surfactant; uses for perfluoroalkyl haloalkyl ether compounds and compositions thereof, optionally comprising surfactant; and perfluoroalkyl haloalkyl ethers....http://www.google.com/patents/US6149980?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6149980 - Perfluoroalkyl haloalkyl ethers and compositions and applications thereofAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6149980 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/231,202Publication dateNov 21, 2000Filing dateJan 14, 1999Priority dateSep 15, 1997Fee statusLapsedAlso published asEP1015405A1, US6552090, US6653512, US6743262, US6953606, US20040086650, WO1999014175A1Publication number09231202, 231202, US 6149980 A, US 6149980A, US-A-6149980, US6149980 A, US6149980AInventorsFrederick E. Behr, Richard M. FlynnOriginal Assignee3M Innovative Properties CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (25), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (16), Classifications (25), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPerfluoroalkyl haloalkyl ethers and compositions and applications thereof
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3453333 *Oct 1, 1965Jul 1, 1969Allied ChemFluorinated ethersUS3549711 *Jun 20, 1967Dec 22, 1970Dow Chemical CoHaloethersUS3778381 *Apr 24, 1972Dec 11, 1973Allied ChemFluorocarbon microemulsionsUS3900372 *Sep 16, 1974Aug 19, 1975Phillips Petroleum CoRecycle of acyl fluoride and electrochemical fluorination of estersUS3903012 *Feb 14, 1973Sep 2, 1975Du PontWater-displacement compositions containing fluorine compound and surfactantUS3962460 *Aug 20, 1974Jun 8, 1976Airco, Inc.Ether compounds as inhalant anestheticsUS5125978 *Oct 30, 1991Jun 30, 1992Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyWater displacement composition and a method of useUS5275669 *Aug 15, 1991Jan 4, 1994Alliedsignal Inc.Method of dissolving contaminants from substrates by using hydrofluorocarbon solvents having a portion which is fluorocarbon and the remaining portion is hydrocarbonUS5300253 *Jul 31, 1992Apr 5, 1994Solvay Fluor Und Derivate Gmbh1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether compositions for removing water from surfacesUS5466877 *Mar 15, 1994Nov 14, 1995Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyProcess for converting perfluorinated esters to perfluorinated acyl fluorides and/or ketonesUS5476974 *May 20, 1994Dec 19, 1995Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyOmega-hydrofluoroalkyl ethers, precursor carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, and their preparation and applicationUS5550273 *Nov 16, 1994Aug 27, 1996Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyProcess for preparing fluorocarbon fluoroalkanesulfonatesUS5658962 *May 12, 1995Aug 19, 1997Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyOmega-hydrofluoroalkyl ethers, precursor carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, and their preparation and applicationUS5660888 *May 7, 1996Aug 26, 1997Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing CompanySurfactants to create fluoropolymer dispersions in fluorinated liquidsUS5750797 *Apr 15, 1996May 12, 1998Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyProcess for the production of hydrofluoroethersUS5839311 *Sep 17, 1996Nov 24, 1998Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyComposition to aid in the forming of metalUS5925611 *Dec 15, 1995Jul 20, 1999Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyCleaning process and compositionDE1294949B *May 17, 1966May 14, 1969Hoechst AgVerfahren zur Herstellung von Perfluoralkyl-alkyl-aethernDE1643992A1 *Jul 29, 1967Jun 9, 1971Hoechst AgFluorierte AEther und Verfahren zu ihrer HerstellungEP0450855A2 *Mar 27, 1991Oct 9, 1991Imperial Chemical Industries PlcSolvent cleaning of articlesFR2287432A1 * Title not availableWO1993011280A1 *Nov 30, 1992Jun 10, 1993Allied-Signal, Inc.Multiple solvent cleaning systemWO1996022356A1 *Jan 11, 1996Jul 25, 1996Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyCleaning process and compositionWO1997022683A1 *May 17, 1996Jun 26, 1997Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyCleaning process and compositionWO1998012287A1 *Aug 12, 1997Mar 26, 1998Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyComposition for cutting or abrasive working of metal* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *B.N. Ellis, Cleaning and Contamination of Electronics Components and Assemblies, Electrochemical Publications , pp. 182 195 (1986).2B.N. Ellis, Cleaning and Contamination of Electronics Components and Assemblies, Electrochemical Publications, pp. 182-195 (1986).3P.S. Zurer, "Looming Ban on Production of CFCs, Halons Spurs Switch to Substitutes", Chemical & Engineering News, pp. 12, Nov. 15, 1993.4 *P.S. Zurer, Looming Ban on Production of CFCs, Halons Spurs Switch to Substitutes , Chemical & Engineering News , pp. 12, Nov. 15, 1993.5Smith et al., "The Chemistry of Carbonyl Fluoride. II. Synthesis of Perfluoroisopropyl Ketones", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 4285-4288, 1962.6 *Smith et al., The Chemistry of Carbonyl Fluoride. II. Synthesis of Perfluoroisopropyl Ketones , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 84, 4285 4288, 1962.7Wang et al., "Apparent Molar Volume and Apparent Molar Adiabatic Compressibility Studies of Anesthetic Molecules in Aqueous Micelle Solutions of CTAB and CTAC as a Function of Surfactant Concentration and Temperature," J. Phys. Chem, 93, pp. 4368-4374, 1994.8 *Wang et al., Apparent Molar Volume and Apparent Molar Adiabatic Compressibility Studies of Anesthetic Molecules in Aqueous Micelle Solutions of CTAB and CTAC as a Function of Surfactant Concentration and Temperature, J. Phys. Chem , 93, pp. 4368 4374, 1994.9Yamashita et al., "Development of CFC Alternatives Containing Oxygen Atom," International Conference on CFC and BFC (Halons), Shanghai, China, Aug. 7-10, 1994.10 *Yamashita et al., Development of CFC Alternatives Containing Oxygen Atom, International Conference on CFC and BFC (Halons), Shanghai, China, Aug. 7 10, 1994.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6358893Dec 6, 2000Mar 19, 2002Stoner, Inc.Aerosol composition containing silicone-based fluid and improved spray systemUS6503569 *Dec 4, 2000Jan 7, 2003Mattel, Inc.Adhesive or paint coating for toy articlesUS6831125 *Nov 19, 2002Dec 14, 2004Mattel, Inc.Adhesive or paint coating for toy articlesUS6849194May 12, 2003Feb 1, 2005Pcbu Services, Inc.Methods for preparing ethers, ether compositions, fluoroether fire extinguishing systems, mixtures and methodsUS7651532Jan 26, 2010Whirlpool CorporationMultifunctioning method utilizing multiple phases non-aqueous extraction processUS7695524Apr 13, 2010Whirlpool CorporationNon-aqueous washing machine and methodsUS7739891Jun 22, 2010Whirlpool CorporationFabric laundering apparatus adapted for using a select rinse fluidUS7837741Apr 12, 2005Nov 23, 2010Whirlpool CorporationDry cleaning methodUS7966684Jun 28, 2011Whirlpool CorporationMethods and apparatus to accelerate the drying of aqueous working fluidsUS8262741Sep 11, 2012Whirlpool CorporationNon-aqueous washing apparatus and methodUS8383555 *Aug 17, 2010Feb 26, 2013Institut Francais Du PetroleWell fluid comprising a fluorinated liquid phaseUS9447007Dec 16, 2011Sep 20, 2016Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A.Process for producing fluorinated organic compoundsUS20030209685 *May 12, 2003Nov 13, 2003Mark RobinMethods for preparing ethers, ether compositions, fluoroether fire extinguishing systems, mixtures and methodsUS20080083432 *Nov 27, 2007Apr 10, 2008Whirpool CorporationMultifunctioning method utilizing a two phase non-aqueous extraction processUS20100307831 *Aug 17, 2010Dec 9, 2010David PasquierWell fluid comprising a fluorinated liquid phaseWO2014035500A1 *May 23, 2013Mar 6, 2014Halliburton Energy Services, IncFluorous additives for use in a fluorous-based treatment fluid* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification427/388.1, 427/389.7, 427/393.5, 427/384International ClassificationC07D207/10, C07D211/38, C11D3/24, B01F17/12, C07C43/192, B01F17/44, C07C43/12, B01F17/42, C11D7/28Cooperative ClassificationC11D3/245, C07C43/192, C07C43/123, C07D207/10, C07D211/38, C07C43/126European ClassificationC07C43/12D, C07D211/38, C11D3/24B, C07C43/12M, C07D207/10, C07C43/192Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 14, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY, MINNESOTAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MINNESOTA MINING MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE;REEL/FRAME:010652/0022Effective date: 20000201May 21, 2004FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jun 2, 2008REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedNov 21, 2008LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJan 13, 2009FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20081121RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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John Harwood Books New, Rare & Used Books - Alibris Marketplace
John Harwood John Harwood was born in Hobart and educated in Tasmania and at Cambridge University. He is the author of the novels The Ghost Writer and The Seance, and a recipient of the International Horror Guild's First Novel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Horror and Dark Fantasy.
John Harwood was born in Hobart and educated in Tasmania and at Cambridge University. He is the author of the novels The Ghost Writer and The Seance, and a recipient of the International Horror Guild's First Novel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Horror and Dark Fantasy. See less
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once again for the best of rtm. that means bonus video time, videos you can find on our website. steven that the first one. >> the hilarious jenna is back debunking all the theories of love we learned about the move. for example, not so cool to do an upside down kiss like they do it in spider-man. >> do it one time in your life. let's not do that again. >> the guys from bad lip-reading are back. this time paul ryan is their victim, vice presidential candidate for the republican. these are all videos from paul ryan's video diary. >> look at them 40 pieces while sipping soda and we'll sing chicago. >> head over to our website, rightthisminute.com and click on. >> best of rtm. >>> at number six, everyone in the pool. >> i have a couple of videos from across the pond and uk. this one i'm sure you've not seen before. this is a man being dragged out of a pool by two fully dressed uniformed police officers. >> did he fall asleep while swimming? >> apparently he was causing a nuisance in the pool. he reportedly was screaming at kids swimming around because they were splashing water. sounds like
once again for the best of rtm. that means bonus video time, videos you can find on our website. steven that the first one. >> the hilarious jenna is back debunking all the theories of love we learned about the move. for example, not so cool to do an upside down kiss like they do it in spider-man. >> do it one time in your life. let's not do that again. >> the guys from bad lip-reading are back. this time paul ryan is their victim, vice presidential candidate for the...

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4.0 out of 5 stars (167 customer reviews)
2.0 out of 5 stars Slendertone Abs Replacement Pads
Slendertone Abs Replacement Pads - these are seriously over priced - insane money for a set of 3 sticky pads. Best advice would be to buy a set and then when the pads start to stop working after a few weeks, order ABGYMNIC Highly Conductive Gel and use that on the pads each time - each bottle lasts for between 3 and 4 weeks if used sparingly and it will save you a fortune...
Read the full review › Published 18 months ago by Paul D Smith
5.0 out of 5 stars Perfect those Abs, 13 Jan 2013
By Nigel Tucker - See all my reviews
Can't say too much about these pads because without them your Slendertone belt won't work! Excellent price from Amazon, very fast delivery and you can have them on a regular re-order.
5.0 out of 5 stars well worth it, 7 Jan 2013
By was - See all my reviews
needed new pads, went on the slendertone website and they wanted stupid money for it so came here, found these and thought why not... bought them and they are not bad at all. Worth the price and the 'stickyness' is still going after about 4 weeks. BARGAIN BUUUUUUUUUUUUUY!
5.0 out of 5 stars Good, 13 Nov 2012
Good replacement pads I will buy more if needed hopefully I won't as I have lost enough weight by exercise
5.0 out of 5 stars Slendertone pads, 29 Oct 2012
By Paul Bastien - See all my reviews
I've had a slendertone belt for several years and find the product very good, but always come unstuck with replacment pads, finding the pads for the right price. This was priced very well and as always with orders placed through Amazon, was delivered within a very good time.
5.0 out of 5 stars Does the job, 25 Oct 2012
By NicoleFF - See all my reviews
They are as you buy them and do the job. Arrived promptly with no hassle. Price was competitive. These are the second set of pads ive purchased.
5.0 out of 5 stars Great, 6 Aug 2012
Works as it should. Saves doing all those sit ups! It doesn't mean sit on your arse all day, you still need to stay active because it doesn't remove fat!
1.0 out of 5 stars DO NOT PURCHASE, 27 Feb 2012
By Gallega Gal - See all my reviews
I purchased these pads after the original ones needed replacing. I did notice that they hurt (and not in a good way) more than the originals but i persevered and after three weeks decided to buy another pack thinking it was just me? I have had these for 3 weeks now and i have had to stop using them as it felt as if i was being electrocuted and the pads resembled chewing gum. I thought i would read some of the reviews and was surprised to find i wasn't the only person suffering from the effects of these genuine (?) slendertone pads. I have since purchased replacement pads from the slendertone website (for the same price, no delivery charge and next day delivery) and am happy to say it isn't me! The only conclusion therefore is that these aren't in fact genuine and unless you like inflicting severe pain on yourself and you like the feeling of chewing gum strapped to your abdomen, i would not purchase these!
2.0 out of 5 stars coming unstuck :(, 28 Aug 2011
By Mrs. J. A. Johnson "Julie" (Kent. UK) - See all my reviews
I have only used these 3 times and the last time the large pad stayed on my skin when I took the belt off. I would like a replacement please and have awarded only 2 stars because I can see no way of contacting the seller on the product page ?????.I can't return to Amazon because I have thrown the packaging away.Anyway I do not really need to return them just need the large pad replaced.Fast delivery and if I was able to contact seller and obtain a replacement I would have awarded 5 stars as the side pads are fine.
4.0 out of 5 stars Good quality, 30 Jun 2011
These pads are just what I needed for my belt. Perfect fit and good quality.However, I would say that the price is a bit expensive for what you get.... you only get 3 replacement pads, it would be good if they gave you more.But overall, happy with my purchase & would buy more.
5.0 out of 5 stars Brilliant value!, 21 Mar 2011
By Whizzy "Whiz" (Bedfordshire England) - See all my reviews
These replacement pads are much cheaper than you would buy from Slendertone but are exactly the same.Excellent value.

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