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Sons of the Republic of Texas by Turner Publishing by Turner Publishing - Read Online
Length: 789 pages9 hours
Publisher: Turner Publishing CompanyReleased: Dec 15, 2001ISBN: 9781681622316Format: book
Sons of the Republic of Texas - Turner Publishing
Sons of the Republic of Texas History
Joe E. Ericson, KSJ
Texas historians frequently assert that the Republic of Texas was born April 21, 1836 as a consequence of the Texian’s victory at the Battle of San Jacinto. More than three hundred years of European penetration and settlement, however, along with over a century of Spanish and Mexican rule preceded that decisive event in the history of Texas.
From 1519 when Alverez de Pineda spent forty days at the mouth of the Rio Grande until 1659 when the Spanish began founding missions along the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande), explorers such as Cabeza de Vaca, Francisco de Coronado, and Hernando de Soto traversed the region now know as Texas, and the Spanish perfected their claim to the area. These early adventurers sought new lands for their king, a strait linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, caches of precious metal and gems to enrich themselves and their king, and prestige for the Spanish crown.
After 1680 they were followed by a series of missionary expeditions aimed at Christianizing the native inhabitants of the region who had lived there for centuries. Early efforts such as the founding of Corpus Christi de la Isleta (1680), San Francisco de los Tejas (1690), and Nuestra Padre San Franscisco de los Tejas (1716) failed as a result of neglect by vice regal authorities and the growing hostility of Indians themselves.
After a lapse of some fifty years, in 1756, the Spanish launched a general program of expansion of effort in Texas prompted by a combination of external and internal forces. Learning in 1687 of Robert Cavalier, Sieur de la Salle’s activities in and along the Texas coast, the foundation of New Orleans in 1718 by Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, and the creation of a French trading post at Natchitoches in northern Louisiana in 1713-1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis alerted the Spanish authorities to the threat of French encroachment from their possessions east of Texas.
Increasing Indian hostility in the early years of the Eighteenth Century demonstrated the necessity of presidios (forts garrisoned with professional soldiers) and permanent settlements to guarantee successful Spanish missionary efforts. By 1716 six new missions were founded, five of them extending along a line from the Neches River to Los Adaes. Presidios were established on the Neches and by 1718 at San Antonio de Bexar on the San Antonio River. As late as 1769, virtually all of Spain’s efforts at expansion in Texas had ended in failure.
Moreover, as an outgrowth of the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), Spain acquired possession of Louisiana, placing the more aggressive Anglo-Americans on her northeast border rather than the less enterprising French. Along with other external threats to and increasing internal troubles within, this situation prompted the Spanish crown to adopt new policies for its Texas colony. After 1769, all missions and presidios except San Antonio and La Bahia (Goliad) were to be abandoned; settlers from eastern portions of the colony were ordered to remove to San Antonio de Bexar to strengthen its defense; and new Indian policies that called for extermination of the Apaches in Texas.
In the summer of 1773, more than 500 Spanish settlers in eastern Texas, including those at Los Ais, Los Adaes, and Nacogdoches, were forced to leave their homes and proceed westward to San Antonio. The following year, a group of them under the leadership of Antonio Gil Y’Barbo were allowed to leave and establish a pueblo at Bucareli on the Trinity River. A combination of floods and Indian raids caused these colonists to abandon Bucareli in 1779 and move eastward to Nacogdoches.
Conditions in Texas remained reasonably stable thereafter until 1800 when Napoleon Bonaparte persuaded the Spanish monarch to return Louisiana to French control. Three years later, the French emperor antagonized the Spanish and presented them with a new and more serious external threat by selling Louisiana to the United States. Texas was once again on the border sharing a boundary with the land-hungry Anglo-Americans east of the Sabine River.
Spanish authorities then adopted the new policies aimed at preserving their sovereignty over Texas. Garrisons were increased in number and in manpower; loyal Spanish citizens were encouraged to colonize the region; and the boundaries of Texas were closed to Anglo-American intruders.
Spanish attempts to close her western borders to Anglo-American settlement coupled with the urge for westward expansion among those Americans brought on a series of filibustering expeditions between 1800 and 1821. The Philip Nolan expedition of 1800-1801, the Gutierrez-McGee expedition of 1812-1813, and the James Long expedition of 1819-1821 were effectively suppressed, and the successful Mexican Revolution of 1821 brought to an end this flurry of filibustering activity.
On the eve of Mexican independence after approximately three hundred years of Spanish rule, there were only three small settlements in Texas: San Antonio with some 2,500 inhabitants, including its garrison troops; La Bahia (Goliad) with 618 inhabitants, including garrison forces; and Nacogdoches with 660 inhabitants. This, then, was the Texas the new Mexican government had inherited.
In an attempt to induce settlers to immigrate, as early as 1806 the Spanish had offered inducements to persons in Louisiana to cross the Sabine River into their Texas colony. Potential settlers from Louisiana provided they were Catholic and were not Africans or mulattoes were encouraged to settle along the banks of the Guadalupe River, at San Antonio, or at La Bahia, but not at Nacogdoches where they would be a source of trouble involving those who remained in Louisiana. By 1809, however, this permission was withdrawn and the door to foreign immigrants again closed.
Despite Spanish attempts to forestall foreign immigration, from 1803 to 1821, scores – perhaps hundreds – of persons, some Spanish subjects, others not, crossed back and forth freely from Louisiana into Texas. Most ultimately returned to Louisiana but many remained in Texas around Nacogdoches and San Augustine in eastern Texas, while others stayed around San Antonio and along the Guadalupe River in central parts of the territory.
After 1821, the Mexican government feeling that it was absolutely necessary to populate the province took the bold and ultimately fatal experiment of permitting, even encouraging, foreign immigration in Texas. Thus, in 1823, a federal colonization law confirmed an application by Stephen F. Austin for an empresario’s contract, a contract originally negotiated by his father Moses Austin. This, Austin’s first contract, authorized him to settle 300 families. All such immigrants were required to profess the Roman Catholic religion and furnish satisfactory evidence of their morality and good habits.
Immigrant families who qualified could claim one league (4,428 acres) and one labor (177 acres) of land. Austin’s early colonists generally selected the rich bottom lands along the Brazos and Colorado Rivers, but some settled over the entire territory between the San Jacinto and Lavaca Rivers and between the Gulf of Mexico and the San Antonio to Nacogdoches road (El Camino Real). By 1831 the colony numbered 5,665 persons, probably including slaves since they were not separately enumerated.
To encourage immigration, in 1824 the details of colonization were passed down to the states of the Mexican federation. The Mexican Federal Constitution (1824) having consolidated the provinces of Coahuila and Texas as one of the new states of that union thus delegated the responsibility for further colonization in Texas to its legislature. A state colonization law was enacted in 1825 at Saltillo. The new law required prospective settlers to furnish satisfactory evidence of their Catholic beliefs, their morality, and their good habits. They were then permitted to settle as individual families or groups of families recruited by an empresario. Families were granted a league of land which they were required to cultivate or occupy within six years. Empresarios were rewarded with as much as five leagues for each hundred families they recruited up to a maximum of 800. Single men were given only one-fourth as much land as heads of families but were given a full grant when they married.
Only six weeks after the law became effective, empresario grants had been awarded to Robert Leftwich, Green DeWitt, Frost Thorn, and Haden Edwards. In 1826 and 1827, additional grants were given to eleven empresarios, including a second grant to Stephen F. Austin, calling for settlement of some 8,000 families. None of these contract numbers was entirely fulfilled, in some cases not a single family was recruited.
Before and after the passage of the law of 1825, Anglo-Americans began streaming into Texas, many without permission. Population of the Province of Texas was estimated by the Spanish authorities at less than 3,000 persons. By 1834, however, the population had reached more than 24,000, most of the increase in the form of Anglo-American immigrants. A survey of the province conducted by Mexican officials in 1827 revealed that the power and influence of the government was waning rapidly in East Texas and that the influx of Anglo-Americans was increasing steadily. Alarmed, the Federal Congress in 1830 enacted legislation banning further immigration from nations bordering on the Republic of Mexico.
The Mexican government felt the prohibition was necessary to save Texas as a part of its republic. Anglo-American settlers, however, saw it as a direct blow at them and detrimental to the future of Texas. They believed that without further immigration from the United States the region would never realize its vast potential. They never ceased to agitate for its repeal, and in 1833 Anglo-American immigration was again permitted and new empresario contracts awarded.
As the numbers of Anglo-Americans in Texas escalated the stage was set for a conflict between men of vastly different cultures. Dissimilar ideas concerning government, religion, and society were most significant between the two ethnic groups. Added to these was the inherent European distaste, shared by most Americans, for the racial composition of the Mexican nation, dominated as it was by mestizos (persons of mixed Spanish and native American blood).
A series of actions by Mexican authorities beginning in 1831 led inexorably to the uprising of 1836. Initially, the federal government sent a collector to Texas in 1831 to enforce its customs laws and also additional soldiers to assist Mexican officials in enforcing the nation’s laws. Officers charged with these duties were inept and overbearing. Anglo-Americans especially resented the presence and conduct of Mexican troops who often were imperious dons or rag-tag dark skinned men recruited from the lowest ranks of Mexican society.
These actions led to a minor insurrection at Anahuac in 1832 which ended almost without bloodshed. The Battle of Nacogdoches later in the year resulted in clearing East Texas of Mexican military forces. Thus, the 1832 uprising proved eminently successful. Mexican troops were withdrawn and customs duties suspended. Within a few weeks, however, colonists at San Felipe issued a call for a convention to meet with them to discuss grievances and adopt a constructive program.
Resolutions adopted by this group of delegates included requests for land titles to be issued to settlers in East Texas, for exemption from customs duties for three years, for land to be set aside for school purposes, and for investigation of and defense against the Cherokee Indians in East Texas. These modest proposals, for some unknown reason, were never presented to the requisite Mexican authorities.
The Consultation of 1832 also created committees of safety and correspondence in each locality. An important outgrowth of this action was a call for a second convention to meet at San Felipe the following year. The Convention of 1833 reiterated the request made the previous year, and strongly urged the repeal of all anti-immigration laws and separate statehood for Texas. Anticipating approval of their request for separation from Coahuila, the Convention also drafted an American-style constitution for Texas and asked the Mexican Federal Congress to approve it.
Stephen F. Austin was sent to Mexico City to seek approval of all requests including statehood. After months of inactivity, Mexican officials arrested Austin and cast him into prison, where his attorneys Peter W. Grayson and Spencer H. Jack found him and obtained his release on bail. Austin was not able to gain amnesty and leave Mexico City until mid-summer 1835.
The first violent action leading directly too the Texas Revolution the next year grew out of an attempt in January 1835 by the Mexican government to enforce collection of customs duties at Anahuac and Galveston. Misunderstandings between colonists and Mexican officials escalated thereafter, and culminated in an order by President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna in September 1835 that colonists surrender their arms. Engagements between colonists and Mexican troops at San Patricio, Gonzales, and San Antonio soon followed. Despite continued efforts by Texians to effect some sort of agreement that would allow them to obtain separate statehood and a measure of self-government American style, events inexorably pushed them toward a declaration of independence.
Learning of armed resistance by Texas colonists, General Santa Anna determined to enforce his decrees and bring about the unconditional surrender of the Texians in residence. General Martin Perfecto de Cos immediately began moving troops into Texas and establishing his headquarters at San Antonio. By October 24, 1835, San Antonio was under siege. The Siege of Béxar culminated in the surrender of more than 1100 troops to the Texians under the leadership of Colonel Frank Johnson and Colonel Ben Milam.
About March 1, 1836, however, a scouting party of some 150 Texians, remnants of a projected attack on Matamoros, was destroyed almost to a man near San Patricio by Mexican cavalry under the command of General Jose Urrea. Later that month, the Mexican general encountered Colonel James W. Fannin’s command near Goliad, attacked, and brought about the surrender of the Texian forces. March 27, Palm Sunday, the prisoners were massacred and their bodies buried in mass graves.
Meanwhile, General Santa Anna at the head of an army of 6,000 men entered Texas to subdue the Texians. His advanced forces reached San Antonio February 23, 1836 and immediately lay siege to colonial forces there who elected to defend the walls of the Alamo. The morning of March 6, Santa Anna’s troops took the place by storm, killing most of its defenders. His strategy called for him to sweep eastward bringing havoc to all resistance.
While these events were unfolding in the west, a convention of fifty-nine delegates assembled at Washington-on-the-Brazos. Meeting from March 1 through March 17, this body prepared the Texas Declaration of Independence, established a provisional government, placed delegate Sam Houston in command of the Texas Army, and drafted a constitution for the Republic of Texas for approval by the people of the new nation.
News of the Goliad massacre, the fall of the Alamo, Santa Anna’s eastward movement, and the steady retreat to the east of Houston’s army combined to produce a panic causing settlers to abandon their homes and most of their possessions and flee toward the Sabine River and safety. Known as the Runaway Scrape, it quickly depopulated large areas of the territory. The provisional government fled eastward as well.
With Houston and his forces in retreat and Santa Anna’s steady march to the east, the stage was set for one of most important battles in world history. By April 20, the Texians were camped near Lynch’s Ferry where Buffalo Bayou joins the San Jacinto River. At that time Santa Anna with some 1,200 Mexican troops came up and camped nearby. An indecisive minor engagement between advanced units took place that day, but on the afternoon of April 21, the Texas army advanced across the prairie separating them from the Mexicans, took them by surprise, and inflicted a resounding defeat. In some eighteen minutes, the Texians killed some 630 of their enemies and took an additional 730 prisoners. Only nine Texans died and only thirty-four were wounded.
The following day Santa Anna was captured and was induced to order all Mexican forces to cease fighting and fall back beyond San Antonio and Victoria. The Mexican president agreed to help secure the permanent independence of Texas and to fix the boundary at the Rio Grande on the south.
Although the Republic of Texas could now claim a precarious existence as a nation, many persons in the new republic and in the United States assumed that it would not long remain independent but soon become a part of the United States. In September 1836 Texas citizens elected a set of national officers, but at the same time they voted overwhelming approval of union with states in the American federation. Sam Houston, hero of the Battle of San Jacinto, was easily elected the Republic’s first president, while Mirabeau B. Lamar was elected his vice president.
During Houston’s first administration (1836-1838) the working framework of government was created and put in motion, diplomatic recognition by some of the world’s powers attained, and problems of national defense and public finance addressed. Moreover, facing the same necessity of attracting desirable permanent settlers, The Congress of the Republic launched a comprehensive land grant system. Containing only some 40,000 non-Indian inhabitants at the outset of its birth, the republic could not hope to defend itself against threats from other nations and from hostile Indian depredations.
Generous land grants of up to a league and labor were offered veterans of the Texas Revolution, and additional amounts of land granted to permanently disabled veterans, to those who participated in the Battle of San Jacinto, and to heirs of the men who died at the Alamo, Goliad, and Matamoros. Empresario contracts similar to those awarded by the Mexican government were also instituted but this practice was discontinued by 1844. In addition, the Texas Congress in 1838 enacted the first homestead legislation in America. It permitted persons to preempt as much as 320 acres at only fifty cents an acre and protected the homestead from seizure for debt.
Texas land could thus be acquired in larger amounts and for less fees than that offered from the public domain of the United States. As a consequence, during the life of the Republic hundreds of thousands of Americans crossed the Sabine River to settle in Texas. At the same time immigration from Europe was actively encouraged. Thousands of eager settlers primarily from Germany, France, and England became Texas residents, and Mexican immigration continued to swell the population of south and southwest parts of the Republic.
National defense policies were focused almost entirely upon the rumors of an imminent invasion from south of the Rio Grande, although internal discord in Mexico forestalled such an encroachment. President Houston’s Indian policy centered on two tactics: keeping Texas troops out of Indian territory and entering into treaties of friendship that protected their claims to their lands.
Public finance was perhaps the nation’s greatest immediate problem. Despite a modest tariff schedule, a general property tax, poll taxes, business taxes, and land fees, the treasury remained almost without funds. At the same time, public expenditures amounted to more than $2,000,000 annually. To cover the deficit, the government resorted to seeking foreign loans and printing paper money that quickly depreciated.
The national constitution prohibited Houston from seeking immediate re-election, and by a near unanimous vote he was succeeded by Mirabeau B. Lamar (1838-1841). The administration of the Republic’s second president saw the capitol moved to the frontier town of Austin. Lamar soon reversed Houston’s Indian policy and under his direction aggressive military operations launched the bloodiest Indian wars Texas had experienced. The Cherokee Indians in East Texas were attacked and driven off their land and out of Texas, and repeated forays against the Comanches resulted in practically eliminating Indian raids.
The financial affairs of the young nation worsened. Taxes were difficult to collect and brought only small returns to the treasury; expenditures exceeded revenues by more than $3,000,000 during Lamar’s presidency; a $5,000,000 loan sought in the United States was not subscribed; and the government again resorted to printing paper money which again rapidly depreciated.
In the realm of foreign affairs the Lamar government had successfully gained recognition of the independence of Texas by France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Belgium added to the prior recognition by the United States. Attempts to arrive at an understanding with Mexico were repeated rebuffed, and annexation to the United States was not accomplished.
Lamar’s three-year term was followed by a second Houston administration (1841-1844). The election of the popular war-time leader brought about a return to economy in expenditures, peace with the Indians, and avoidance of a revival of the war with Mexico. Expenditures were reduced to a total of some $500,000 for the three years of Houston’s term; currency laws were repealed and the amount of paper money sharply reduced; the military forces of the nation were reduced to a few companies of Rangers. Despite these stringent measures, Texas money continued to depreciate and the nation’s debt to increase steadily.
Under the General’s direction, treaties with Indian tribes were again negotiated and trading posts established at a number of locations. These and other non-aggressive actions produced a period of relative freedom from Indian wars until the time of annexation.
President Houston resisted the popular demand for war with Mexico and exerted great effort to secure peace and recognition of the nation’s independence. Revival of the movement to annex Texas to the United States, however, brought to an end any agreement with Mexico.
The basic policies of Houston’s two administrations were continued by the nation’s fourth president, Dr. Anson Jones (1844-1846). At the same time, events in the United States signaled a change in that nation’s attitude toward the annexation of Texas. The election of 1844 saw a pro-Texas candidate, James K. Polk, gain a narrow victory. Outgoing president John Tyler, reading Polk’s election as a mandate on the Texas question, again placed the question of annexation before Congress.
Early in 1845, after consultations among President Tyler, President-elect Polk, and Congressional leaders, an annexation bill was enacted by Congress. It provided for the admission of Texas as a full state, if it passed its own acceptance measure before January 1, 1846, Texas to retain ownership of all its public lands, permission of the new state to divide into four more states, and banning slavery north of 36 degrees, 30 minutes. The President was empowered to made minor adjustments if they proved necessary.
President Anson Jones acted promptly calling for a convention to approve the offer of annexation. In July 1845, the delegates voted to join the union with only one dissenting vote, and it set to work immediately on a proposed state constitution to submit to Congress and the voters of Texas. That constitution and annexation were approved by a vote of some 4,000 to 200 October 13, 1845.
Congress promptly accepted the proposed constitution, and on December 29, 1845, President James K. Polk signed the measure making Texas an American state. In a brief but moving ceremony, on February 19, 1846, the last president of the Republic of Texas presided over the lowering of the Texas flag and handed over his authority to Pinckney Henderson, the state’s first governor. As the Texas flag came down, Anson Jones concluded his farewell address with these words: The Republic of Texas is no more.
The history of the Sons of the Republic of Texas stretches back one hundred years. F. M. O. Fenn, who lived at Richmond, was one of the early members of the present organization. He organized the original society of the Sons of the Republic. Fenn had his original certificate of membership, signed at Houston on April 21, 1893, by W. A. Craddock, president, and P. Briscoe, secretary. He also had his original membership badge of Deaf Smith Chapter (#1), Sons of the Republic, organized at Richmond, April 10, 1893.
According to Fenn, several sons and grandsons of veterans living at Richmond discussed the organization of a society to be composed of male descendants of veterans of the Texas Republic, and on April 10, 1893, a meeting of the organizers was held, and a call issued for a meeting at Fenn’s office on April 11 of all sons and grandsons of veterans of the Texas Revolution. A report of the organization appeared in the Galveston News under Richmond dateline of April 12, 1893.
The sons and grandsons of veterans of the Texas Revolution met yesterday at the office of F. M. O. Fenn and organized Deaf Smith Chapter. The following members were enrolled: S. J. Winston, J. H. P. Davis, F. M. O. Fenn, S. P. Walter, James William and C. R. Scott, Thos. Fulcher, W. M. and Robert Darst, Sam and Robert Hodges, W. Robinson, Bush Pleasants, Alex and Rufus McNabb, Mayfield Damon, Dr. Dillard, J. J. Fenn and Oscar Scott.
The following officers were elected: S. J. Winston, president; J. H. P. Davis, first vice president; F. M. O. Fenn, second vice president; James H. Scott, third vice president; Thos. Fulcher, secretary; W. M. Darst, assistant secretary; Dr. J. L. Dillard, treasurer; R. H. Darst, historian general.
This chapter will meet in the city of Houston on the 19th instant and participate in the celebration of the 21st.
The Richmond Sons of the Republic came to Houston on April 19, and on April 20, 1893, a state organization of Sons of the Republic of Texas was perfected with W. A. Craddock of Brenham as state president and P. Briscoe of Houston as secretary.
The original Sons of the Republic seems to have been quite active for a number of years, and accompanied the surviving veterans to their annual reunions. Fenn had the badge of the encampment at Lampasas.
A photostat of the above mentioned clipping and membership certificate is now filed in the minute book of San Jacinto Chapter (#1) for the year 1938 as a permanent record. The original certificate, together with a ribbon or badge which reads Deaf Smith Chapter (#1), Sons of the Republic of Texas — 1836 — Richmond, Texas, April 10, 1893 is now in the archives of the San Jacinto Museum of Texas History at the San Jacinto Battleground, having been placed there in 1939 by the Sons of the Republic of Texas.
F. M. O. Fenn
F. M. O. Fenn, the moving spirit of the original Sons of the Republic of Texas, was one of the distinguished citizens of his native Fort Bend County. He was a son of John R. Fenn, who with his father came to Texas as Austin colonists. John R. Fenn served in General Houston’s army in the Revolution but had the misfortune of being captured by Colonel Almonte’s Mexican division a few days prior to the Battle of San Jacinto. John Fenn contrived his escape from the Mexicans shortly after the Battle of San Jacinto and became a leading citizen of Fort Bend County. Following the Woll invasion, John Fenn joined the volunteers under General Somervell, and marched with them to the Rio Grande, but obeyed orders of President Houston and did not cross the Rio Grande with the Mier Expedition. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate Army. He died in 1904.
From TEXAS UNDER MANY FLAGS the following is taken:
Francis Marion Otis Fenn was liberally educated, attending Roanoke College at Salem, Virginia, and the University of Virginia. He has long been famous as an orator and campaign speaker. He was awarded a medal for oratory at Roanoke College in 1879 and was also a medalist at the University of Virginia. He began the practice of law in Houston, where he remained until 1888. . .He had a prominent part in the political uprising in Fort Bend County, which brought about a rule for rotation in public office. He held public office in Fort Bend County for more than twenty years, but never sought public office nor solicited a vote in his behalf.
The thought of perpetuating the ideals of the Texas Veterans was widespread, for about 1915-17, Hon. Hobart Huson of Refugio attempted to organize a group called The Sons of the Texas Revolution. Among the charter members were Albert Sidney Burleson, Carlos Bee, Robert J. Kleberg, Gland Kuykendall, Thomas Y. Banks, Thomas J. Lancaster, Jose Antonio Navarro and Frank S. Huson. However, because of his youth and World War I, it was not perfected. The records of this group were also turned over to the present incorporated organization.
Under the title of Neglected Anniversaries, the Houston Chronicle in March, 1917, published the following timely editorial:
Houston celebrated the second day of March in only a very formal and perfunctory way.
That the banks closed cannot be placed to the credit of the people, because that was but obedience to statute law, and with the exception of the very creditable banquet given by the engineering department of the city, at which the menu cards were gems of the draftsman’s art and in complete harmony with the sentiment associated with the day, there was no observance of the day by due and formal ceremony.
Since then, another memorable anniversary has come and gone absolutely without notice. Yet it was the eighty-first anniversary of a day whereon the standard of human valor was, by a little band of Texans, lifted to a height never before reached in all the world’s history, where it has stood unchallenged until this day.
The Chronicle believes both the 2nd of March, a double anniversary, that of the birth of Sam Houston and of the signing of the Declaration of Texas Independence, and the 6th of March, that of the fall of the Alamo, should be unfailingly observed by the people of Texas.
"The mind instinctively associates with great men, the date and place of their birth and associates with great events the day on which such events transpired.
Tested by the only true standard—that of achievement—Sam Houston was one of the great men of this nation.
Not only was his career unmatched in uniqueness, but from his achievements flowed far reaching results, and the importance and value of what he did will be made more and more manifest with the passing of time.
The Declaration of Independence was in the light of the environment of the 58 men who signed it a most momentous deliverance. Nothing greater in the way of a statement of the convictions and purposes of the representatives of any people has been set in type or graven with a pen since July 4, 1776, and the anniversary of that event should never go by unnoticed.
As was fitly graven on the monument erected many years ago in honor of the heroes of the Alamo, they are ‘enrolled in the host of Leonidas and the mighty dead.’ They taught mankind ‘the lesson of earth’s loftiest martyrdom,’ and reflected on Texas a glory as fadeless as the stars.
To keep alive the memory of deeds such as these is more than a privilege. It is a duty which the people of Texas cannot neglect without reflecting upon their own patriotism and state pride.
It was the realization of such gross neglect of our great State holidays as set forth in this editorial that prompted 22 patriotic citizens of Houston to sign a call for the reorganization of The Sons of the Republic of Texas for Harris County, which would have as its objective To promote the celebration of March 2nd (Independence Day) and April 21st (San Jacinto Day) and to perpetuate the hallowed memory of the sacrifices made at the Alamo on March 6th and at Goliad on March 27th by having proper celebrations and exercises, each year, of such character as will arouse and keep alive the patriotic sentiments and feeling of the people of Texas. This call, as published in the Houston Chronicle of March 2, 1922, follows:
The undersigned urgently request to meet with them at the University Club on the afternoon of Wednesday, March 15th, at 5 o ‘clock, all the men, residents of Harris County, whose ancestors performed some service, military or civil, for Texas during the period between 1820 and January 1, 1846.
According to contemporary newspaper accounts, the call for organization was signed by the following men: Lewis R. Bryan, Charles E. Ashe, O. M. Kendall, Franklin Williams, George A. Hill, Sidney H. Huston, Milton Howe, Jacob F. Wolters, Andrew J. Houston Williams, W. E. Kendall, A. M. John, August De Zavala, Lewis R. Bryan, Jr., Royston Williams, Guy M. Bryan, Clarence Kendall and E. T. Branch.
Of these sponsors, seven served as president, and each year since organization, one or more served in some official capacity.
After two preliminary meetings were held, officers for the first year were elected at a meeting held at the University Club on the evening of March 30, 1922: Col. Andrew Jackson Houston, son of General Sam Houston, president; Judge Lewis R. Bryan, nephew of Stephen F. Austin and son of Moses Austin Bryan, a soldier of San Jacinto, first vice president; Judge Charles E. Ashe, grandson of President Anson Jones, second vice president; Odin M. Kendall, grandson of General Sidney Sherman, secretary; Harvey Dumble, grandson of Honorable William Harrison King, an early mayor of Houston, treasurer; and Judge A. C. Allen, a member of the Allen family that founded the City of Houston, and Judge L. B. Moody, grandson of Dr. Thomas Mitchell, a Houston physician and Main Street druggist in 1838-39, as executive committeemen.
The Houston Post in its issue of April 1, 1922, recognized the newly formed society in the following commendatory editorial:
A cordial welcome is due Texas’ latest patriotic organization, the Sons of the Republic of Texas, composed of the male descendants of the founders of the Republic and the early builders of Texas. There’s a wide field of usefulness for the new organization, and the character of the men composing its membership insures that some valuable services will be rendered the State.
Texas has a history of incomparable richness among the States. As the greatness of the State becomes more evident, the significance of the work of the early Texas patriots is better realized. They grow in heroic stature as they recede into the past. They take their places alongside those who established the American Republic itself.
There is need for the memory of those patriots and their achievements to be kept alive. The principles for which they fought need to be held up before Texans today. The inspiration that comes from a knowledge and understanding of the spirit and achievements of the founders of the Texas Republic will develop a nobler citizenship today. The throngs of new citizens settling in Texas should know Texas history and catch the spirit of its makers.
It is highly desirable that a State patriotism be cultivated. Being a State settled rapidly with people from all parts of the country, this side of Texas life has not been highly developed as it has been in some of the older States. More attention should be given to developing popular pride and love for State, and the Sons of the Republic of Texas are especially fitted to preserve and present Texas history in its true light and to inspire the proper love for the State among the new generation.
Those who are eligible to membership in the society may justly feel proud of the distinction. They are to be congratulated.
But the honor carries with it the responsibility of helping to perpetuate the ideals of government cherished by their forefathers, that the present day Texans may be imbued with the same heroic spirit that possessed the pioneers. It is gratifying to see the worthy descendants of those men assuming this responsibility. Organized and working together they can exercise an influence that will profoundly affect for good the life of the State.
During the first year, 1922, dues were paid by thirty-five members, and, perhaps, these should be designated as Charter Members. In 1932 the names on the membership roll numbered 81, showing geographical the following distribution: Houston 63; Austin 3; Alvin 1; Angleton 1; Beaumont 1; Boston, MA, 1; Comanche 1; Galveston 1; Fort Bragg, NC, 2; San Angelo 1; San Antonio 1; Eagle Lake 1; La Porte 1; Wharton 1; De Walt 1; Goose Creek 1, and two honorary members in Houston.
Every organization in its inception has one or two enthusiastic sponsors who are really responsible for its creation. This brief historical sketch would not be complete without a word as to the real founders of the Sons of the Republic of Texas. The Houston Post of March 3, 1922, says: Mr. Kendall (Odin M.) is father of the idea of organizing the Sons of the Republic of Texas and was instrumental in getting a sufficient number interested to form an organization. An inspection of available correspondence files shows that Judge Lewis R. Bryan was also extremely active in the organization of the project and its development through the years. (A perusal of the charter members of the 1893 Sons of the Republic shows twelve of the original members to have been members of the present incorporated organization.)
That our organization has done well its task of encouraging a proper observance of Texas Independence Day and San Jacinto Day, locally, is amply shown when one compares the news columns printed prior to and after the formation of the Sons of the Republic of Texas. Observance of these anniversaries were sometimes mentioned with a bare statement that the Court House and City Hall would be closed; since 1922, however, these events have had generous publicity with such headlines as Thousands Trek to Hallowed San Jacinto Grounds to Honor Heroes, San Jacinto Battleground Overflows With Patriots, 30,000 Texans Pay Tribute to San Jacinto Dead, and Texas Day Speaker Scores Neglect of Historical Landmarks.
Immediately after organization, a committee composed of A. Y. Austin, Franklin Williams, W. E. Kendall, Frank M. Gossett and Fletcher M. Jones was named to arrange the celebration of San Jacinto Day. The Houston Post of April 22, 1922, said: "Thousands gathered to commemorate the 86th anniversary of the Battle of San Jacinto upon the Battle Ground where the independence of Texas was achieved. Col. A. J. Houston presided and told of the objects of the Sons of the Republic of Texas. Honorable Clarence R. Wharton, prominent attorney and Texas historian, made the principal address.
In 1923, the Sons of the Republic of Texas, in cooperation with the Houston Chamber of Commerce, staged what was perhaps the most heavily attended celebration of San Jacinto Day ever held. President L. R. Bryan introduced the speakers of the day, they being Hon. Pat M. Neff, governor of Texas, Hon. E. Lee Trinkle, governor of Virginia, and Gen. Julian S. Carr of North Carolina. Gen. Jacob F. Wolters read General Houston’s report of the Battle of San Jacinto. The entire membership of the Texas Senate and House of Representatives were honored guests; the Governor’s salute was fired by a detachment of Coast Artillery from Fort Crockett and music was furnished by the Texaco and Humble Oil and Refining Company’s bands. Newspaper estimates of the attendance varied from 25,000 to 40,000.
Another outstanding program was rendered in 1924, when Hon. Eugene H. Blount, a member of the Texas Legislature and descendant of a pioneer Texas family, spoke, as recorded by the Houston Post Dispatch: Amid the trailing moss of the majestic trees of the Battle Ground of San Jacinto Texans from the wide expanse of the State paused Wednesday afternoon to pay homage to those heroes of 90 years ago who have inscribed an immortal page on the world’s history. It was estimated that a crowd of 25,000 came to this shrine of the Lone Star Republic and State, braving the impending rain to pay that respect which springs from the heart for those who have fought in the name of their country’s freedom.
In 1925, Judge L. B. Moody presided and Hon. Clarence R. Wharton made the address and governor E. Lee Trinkle of Virginia, for the second time was a speaker on a San Jacinto Day program. Other distinguished visitors were governor W. A. Brandon of Alabama, governor Miriam A. Ferguson of Texas and former governor James E. Ferguson of Texas. Newspaper reports gave 30,000 as the estimated attendance. In 1925 Judge L. B. Moody inaugurated the custom of having a March 2nd noon day luncheon jointly with the Daughters of the Republic of Texas in commemoration of Texas Independence Day. Perhaps the most notable results to come from these Independence Day programs was the inauguration of the San Jacinto Memorial Tree project suggested by Hon. Ross S. Sterling, later governor of Texas, at the March 2nd dinner in 1929.
On May 1, 1929, in accordance with Sterling’s suggestion for planting a live oak tree in memory of each soldier who fought at San Jacinto, to be planted along Texas State Highway No. 4-21-’36, otherwise known as the Battle Ground Road, Houston Williams, then president, appointed a committee to secure funds for the planting of this memorial and the placing of a permanent marker bearing the names of these soldiers. This was the beginning of the real effort which ultimately led to the erection of the San Jacinto Monument.
Prior to 1931, all programs with the exception of the one at the Rice Hotel had been held at the camp site of the Texan Army in the San Jacinto Battlefield Park. In 1931 a change of location was made and the celebration was described by the Houston Post Dispatch as follows:
At a fork in the sleepy San Jacinto—where its waters meet the tranquil Buffalo Bayou—three thousand Texans, awed by nature’s beauty, stood in silent reverence Tuesday afternoon and paid homage to their heroes.
From the muddy branches of the Brazos, the red clay banks of the Colorado, the silent forests that line the placid Trinity and the vast lands that border the drowsy Rio Grande they came—to honor San Jacinto’s warriors.
Beneath somber skies, in the shadow of the giant moss hung oak where Santa Anna surrendered to Sam Houston on that memorable day 95 years ago, they gathered, to tread the hallowed field.
The gently rolling hills, on which the decisive 18 minute battle was fought, were dotted with the Lone Star States’s native sons, as the message from their drive, planted in honor of each of the Texans, that posterity might know that Texas, after nearly a century, does not forget their valor.
Brilliant for its simplicity, the ceremony marking the birth of Texas liberty at its cradle, inspired the spectators and filled them with profound patriotism.
The sheltering branches of great gray oaks, campsite of General Santa Anna and the Mexican Army, was the scene of the ninety-fifth anniversary ceremony.
Beneath a whispering canopy, speakers told the story of the swift conflict which freed Texas from Mexican thralldom."
In the absence of Governor Sterling, former governor W. P. Hobby dedicated the three hundred sixty live oaks that had been planted along the Battle Ground Road in memory of the soldiers who fought at San Jacinto; a replica of the San Jacinto Battle Flag was presented by Mrs. Lucy Craig, daughter of Gen. Sidney Sherman; and the First School Band of Houston played the San Jacinto Battle song, Come to the Bower. United States Senator Tom Connally told in a masterly way the story of the Battle. In 1934, the following Charter was issued by the State of Texas:
The Sons of the Republic of Texas Charter
That we, R. B. Morris, J. C. McVea and Frank M. Gossett, all citizens of Harris County, Texas, under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Texas, do hereby form and incorporate ourselves into a voluntary association under the terms and conditions here-inafter set out, as follows:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have hereunto signed our names this the 2nd day of October, 1934.
R. B. Morris,
J. C. McVea,
Frank M. Gossett.
Before me, the undersigned authority, on this day personally appeared R. B. Morris, J. C. McVea and Frank M. Gossett, known to me to be the persons whose names are subscribed to the foregoing instrument, and each acknowledged to me that he executed the same for the purposes and consideration therein expressed. Given under my hand and seal of office on this the 16th day of October, 1934.
L. C. Colbert
THE STATE OF TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF STATE
I, W. W. Heath, Secretary of State, of the State of Texas, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the charter of THE SONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS, with the endorsement thereon, as now appears of record in this department.
In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto signed my name officially and caused to be impressed hereon the Seal of State at my office in the City of Austin, this 20th day of October, A. D., 1934.
W. W. Heath (SEAL)
With the approach of and during the Texas Centennial of 1936, the Sons of the Republic of Texas were active on both state and local levels. Prominent among the members was the late Louis Wiltz Kemp, SRT president, who was chairman of the Historical Advisory Committee which resulted in the marking of hundreds of Texas’ veterans graves and other historical sites.
That a towering monument was ultimately erected on that glorious battlefield is due in part to the efforts of the Sons of the Republic of Texas, among other groups, and due mainly to one of our honorary members, the late Jesse Holman Jones. This monument stands before all the world as a testimony to the valor of brave men who value freedom above security.
A committee was appointed by San Jacinto Chapter president J. Perry Moore, which led to the founding of the San Jacinto Museum of History. Another of our members, the late George A. Hill, Jr., contributed the contents of one wing, and many others contributed items which are still on permanent display.
Through the years, the chapters and individual members of the Sons of the Republic of Texas in each locality, in San Antonio, in Dallas, in Austin, etc., have contributed to the development of our Texas heritage, and in educating our youth to emulate the spirit of the men and women who established and maintained the Republic of Texas.
During his lifetime, Hill created an essay contest in memory of his father, a San Jacinto veteran, James Monroe Hill. In recent years the organization conducted a state-wide oratorical contest open to juniors and seniors in high schools stimulating the interest of our youth in the deeds of heroism of these early Texans.
In the late 1930s, the late Houston Wade discovered a letter from Sam Houston to William Dangerfield wherein he spoke of an order of Knights of the Order of San Jacinto—as a reward for the worthy, the badge of which order would be a green sash. This order was revived in 1941 by the Sons of the Republic of Texas, to be bestowed on those who had performed outstanding service in the cause of Texas Heritage, and many prominent Americans have since been inducted.
The San Jacinto observance increased each year, and in 1948 when the Battleship Texas was berthed there, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz and several prominent Texans were invested as Knights of the Order of San Jacinto before a crowd of thousands.
A permanent member of the SRT serves on the Battleship Texas Commission, and the San Jacinto State Park Commission is also composed of members of the SRT and one member of the DRT.
In 1954 the late Senator Joseph McCarthy drew a crowd of many thousands to the historic site in commemoration of those soldiers who fought against the totalitarianism of that day.
The Sons of the Republic of Texas were also instrumental in having an Archives and Library Building erected by the State of Texas. Within weeks after Governor Price Daniel took office, a committee composed of Joseph F. Blanton, Houston, president, SRT; Joseph Wearden, Victoria, past president, SRT; Mrs. Barclay Megarity, Waco, president, DRT, and executive secretary, SRT; Frank E. Tritico, Houston, secretary-treasurer, SRT; Very Reverend Anton J. Frank, Houston, chaplain, SRT; George W. Hill, Austin, past historian, SRT (although not on the committee was invited to be present by the chairman), visited him in his office and outlined an eight-point program concerning the location of the state archives and recommended a permanent building. Mr. Wearden was the chairman, as the program had begun during his term of office. He had plans of the Tennessee State Archives Building and others. Both Mrs. Wearden and Governor Daniel had suggested that the name be the "Archives and Library

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AND, when I left a critical item in the room... - Review of Renaissance Washington, DC Dupont Circle Hotel - TripAdvisor
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I had an overnight stay at this hotel for business. A higher quality Marriott property centrally located. Only a short walk from Foggy Bottom Metro stop, this is definitely more of a boutique style hotel with smaller, but well-appointed rooms. I arrived well before check in, but they front desk was able to find me a room just the same. The bed was firm, but comfortable. Sheets could have used a few more thread counts for this level hotel, but still soft enough. The bathroom was small, but the vanity was appropriately sized and it was easy to move around. The shower was great with excellent water pressure and plenty of hot water. Towels were like the sheets, could have been a bit softer, but still very good. I used room service, which said it would take 25 minutes and they were spot on. Try the braised beef rib quesadillas. Yum!! The television had more than average number of channels including a couple of HBO’s and all of the ESPN’s. Staff was extremely friendly and helpful. Concierge was very knowledgeable. The lobby/bar had nice seating for relaxing after walking around town. I wish I had been staying longer to enjoy the property more, but I would definitely return.
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Hi Has2bJustRight,It sounds like we were just right! Thank you for the feedback. We would love to have you back soon. The quesadillas will be here waiting for you. Take care
We stayed here just for one night because our other hotel was booked up on this particular day. We arrived late, but the place was still bustling, so we had no trouble getting help with luggage etc. The front desk staff was always helpful. The rooms were a decent size with plenty of room and outlets. Beds were comfy enough. The gym was small, but the machines were pretty nice, although I had trouble with the channels on one of the machines. We had breakfast the next morning before heading out and found both the food and service to be pretty good for a hotel restaurant. I'd definitely recommend this place for both business or pleasure travel.
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Hi mtnmchgrl,Thank you for the recommendation! I appreciate the feedback and glad that you enjoyed your stay with us. I hope to see you again soon
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Aug 05, 2015, 20:00 ET from CDI Corp.
"We continue to make progress on the key elements of our transformation. The impact of our initiatives is not yet evident in our financial results, nor do these results reflect the potential of CDI," said Scott J. Freidheim, Chief Executive Officer and President. "Our performance improvement program continues, with new talent additions, enhancements to our operating processes and systems, and advances in client service relationships. In addition, we continue to focus our corporate development to access new and complementary sources of profitable growth, and we today announce two transactions."
Revenue of $246.8 million, a decrease of 13.2% versus second quarter 2014
Adjusted EBITDA of $4.7 million versus $10.2 million in second quarter 2014[1]
Adjusted earnings per diluted share of $0.00 versus $0.22 for second quarter 2014[1]
Entered definitive agreement to acquire India-based ScaleneWorks, a talent acquisition services company
Initiated formation of Congruent Talent, a company created in partnership with two leading certified national minority suppliers to provide large enterprises with scalable and efficient fulfillment of skilled talent while meeting their supplier diversity program objectives
Achieved second consecutive quarter of MRI net franchise additions
In the second quarter 2015, the Company's net loss attributable to CDI was $0.2 million versus net income attributable to CDI of $4.4 million in the prior-year second quarter. In the second quarter 2015, the Company's net earnings per diluted share were $(0.01) versus $0.22 per diluted share in the prior-year second quarter.
[1] Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by excluding from net (loss) income attributable to CDI, interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, restructuring and other related costs, share-based compensation expense, leadership transition costs, loss on disposition and acquisition related costs. Adjusted EPS excludes from diluted earnings per common share restructuring and other related costs, leadership transition costs, loss on disposition, acquisition related costs and the related income tax effect. See the financial tables accompanying this release for more information on non-GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of these measures to GAAP measures.
Global Engineering and Technology Solutions segment (GETS) reported $84.4 million in second quarter revenue, an increase of 0.2% versus the prior-year second quarter. Revenue growth in the Oil, Gas & Chemicals (OGC) vertical increased 13%, offsetting declines in the other verticals. GETS operating profit was $1.5 million compared to $2.2 million in the prior-year quarter. Second quarter 2014 operating profit included a $0.1 million restructuring charge.
Professional Staffing Services segment (PSS) reported $149.4 million in revenue for the second quarter 2015, a decrease of 19.1% compared to the prior-year second quarter with declines across our North American industry verticals and in our UK-based staffing business. PSS operating profit was $3.0 million versus $6.9 million in the prior-year second quarter.
Management Recruiters International, Inc. (MRI) reported second quarter 2015 revenue of $13.0 million, a decrease of 14.9% compared to the prior-year second quarter, driven primarily by a decline in contract staffing revenue. MRI's second quarter 2015 operating profit was $1.6 million compared to $1.8 million in the prior-year second quarter. During the quarter, MRI sold eight new franchises, leading to its second consecutive quarter of net franchise additions.
CDI ended the quarter with $39.2 million in cash and cash equivalents versus $36.3 million at the end of fourth quarter 2014, and $32.4 million at the end of second quarter 2014. Total liquidity, including availability under CDI's bank and credit facilities, totaled $98.2 million at June 30, 2015 versus $106.9 million at the end of fourth quarter 2014, and $102.6 million at the end of second quarter 2014. Net cash generated by operations during first half 2015 was $12.2 million versus $0.5 million generated in the prior-year period.
The Company anticipates revenue for the third quarter 2015 in the range of $240 million to $250 million. This guidance reflects expected continued weakness in our North American staffing business.
At 8:30 a.m. Eastern time on August 6, 2015, Scott J. Freidheim, CEO and President, and Michael S. Castleman, CFO and Executive Vice President, will host a conference call to discuss the 2015 second quarter results and business outlook. The call can be accessed live, via the Internet, at www.cdicorp.com.
CDI Corp. (NYSE: CDI) provides client-focused engineering, information technology and staffing solutions. Our customers operate in a variety of industries, ranging from Oil, Gas & Chemicals to Aerospace & Industrial Equipment, and High Technology, and include corporate, federal, state and municipal entities. We serve customers through offices and delivery centers in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. We also provide staffing services through our global MRINetwork® of franchisees. Learn more at www.cdicorp.com.
This press release contains financial information calculated other than pursuant to U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). In particular, it includes Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin which are adjusted to exclude interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring charges, share-based compensation, leadership transition costs, loss on disposition and acquisition related costs; Adjusted operating expenses, which is the sum of "Operating and administrative expenses", "Restructuring and other related costs" and "Loss on disposition" in the consolidated statements of operations, depreciation and amortization expense, restructuring and other related costs, share-based compensation expense, leadership transition costs, and loss on disposition and acquisition related costs; and Adjusted EPS which is adjusted to exclude, restructuring charges, leadership transition costs, loss on dispositions, acquisition related costs and the related income tax effect. We present these as supplemental measures of performance.
Net (loss) income attributable to CDI (1)
Operating profit (2), (3)
In the first quarter of 2014, the Company recorded an aggregate $0.9 million after tax charge related to the separation of the former CEO that is comprised of a $0.7 million pre-tax charge ($0.4 million after tax) to operations associated with the separation arrangement and an additional $0.5 million charge to income tax expense for the write-off of deferred tax assets related to the forfeiture of equity awards.
In the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded an aggregate charge of $47 thousand and $72 thousand respectively to "Restructuring and other related costs" in the consolidated statements of operations related to restructuring plans undertaken during 2013 and 2014 (six months ended June 30, 2015 comprised of PSS $47 thousand and six months ended June 30, 2014 comprised of GETS $419 thousand, PSS $(249) thousand and Corporate $(98) thousand).
Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted operating expenses and Adjusted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by excluding from net (loss) income attributable to CDI, interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, restructuring and other related costs, share-based compensation expense, leadership transition costs, loss on disposition and acquisition related costs. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue. Adjusted operating expenses excludes from operating expenses, which is the sum of "Operating and administrative expenses", "Restructuring and other related costs", and "Loss on disposition" in the consolidated statements of operations, depreciation and amortization expense, restructuring and other related costs, share-based compensation expense, leadership transition costs, loss on disposition and acquisition related costs. Adjusted EPS excludes from diluted earnings per common share, restructuring and other related costs, leadership transition costs, loss on disposition and acquisition related costs, and the related specific income tax effect. See reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to U.S. GAAP financial measures below.
Net (loss) income attributable to CDI to Adjusted EBITDA:
Operating expenses (f)
Income tax effect (g)
Represents incremental third-party costs associated with the acquisition of a business included in "Operating and administrative expense" in the consolidated statements of operations.
Operating expenses includes "Operating and administrative expenses", "Restructuring and other related costs" and "Loss on disposition" in the consolidated statements of operations.
Preview: CDI Corp. Declares Third Quarter 2015 Dividend

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Sharepoint Development Team Lead Jobs, Employment in Santa Monica, CA
Sharepoint Development Team Lead jobs in Santa Monica, CA
Manage teams and resources responsible for website development. Manage team performance, set goals and ensure the team's continuous professional development....
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Point Lead (2013/O365). O Work on development requests as needed on project. O Work on technical issues related to SP 2013/O365 and help team resolve....
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Project Manager-Micros 3700 POS upgrade
Provide project lead, Controller, project team and key stakeholders with timely feedback regarding project status....
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Lead cross functional project teams by task assignment and follow up to ensure on-time completion. Demonstrate an advanced understanding of both quality...
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Address, ZIP Code, or NeighborhoodMy current locationSearchSign In•JoinHomeMarkleysburg, PAUsed CarsMarkleysburg Used CarsSort:DefaultDefaultDistanceRatingName (A - Z)FiltersFiltersMore NeighborhoodsMcKees RocksDoneClear AllMore CategoriesAuto AppraisersAuto Engine RebuildingAuto Equipment-Sales & ServiceAuto Oil & LubeAuto Repair & ServiceAutomobile AccessoriesAutomobile Body Repairing & PaintingAutomobile Diagnostic ServiceAutomobile Diagnostic Service Equipment-Service & RepairAutomobile Inspection Stations & ServicesAutomobile Parts & SuppliesAutomobile Parts & Supplies-Used & Rebuilt-Wholesale & ManufacturersAutomobile SalvageBrake RepairBus Repair & ServiceCar RentalEngine Rebuilding & ExchangeEngines-Supplies, Equipment & PartsNew Car DealersNew Truck DealersScrap MetalsTire Changing EquipmentTowingTruck Equipment & PartsTruck WreckingUsed & Rebuilt Auto PartsUsed Car DealersUsed Truck DealersWheel Alignment-Frame & Axle Servicing-AutomotiveWholesale Used Car DealersDoneClear AllCategoryUsed Car DealersNew Car DealersAuto Repair & ServiceMore »FeaturesCouponsBook a TableMake an AppointmentBBB Rated A+/ANeighborhoodsMcKees RocksSponsored LinksFree 3 Credit ScoresView Your 3 Bureau Credit Scores.See Your Scores Instantly! w/ Trialwww.freescorefinder.comAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection1. Wilson Auto Sales(1)5369 National PikeMarkleysburg, PA 15459(877) 329-8840Used Car DealersWebsiteWe had to file consumer complaints with the Pennsylvania Attorney General and Better Business Bureau of Western Pennsyvania. We are poised to file a…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection2. Wilson Auto Sales171 Mae West RdConfluence, PA 15424(724) 329-8800Used Car DealersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection3. Rosenberger Auto SalesBBB Rating: A+4651 National PikeMarkleysburg, PA 15459(724) 329-4288Used Car DealersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection4. Jack's Auto Service & Sales282 Mudd Pike RdMarkleysburg, PA 15459(724) 329-8244New Car DealersUsed Car DealersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection5. Bates Tire & Auto SalvageBBB Rating: A+134 Bates RdMarkleysburg, PA 15459(724) 329-5263Automobile SalvageScrap MetalsWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection6. Mountaintop Auto Sales4700 National PikeMarkleysburg, PA 15459(724) 329-5302New Car DealersUsed Car DealersAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection7. Rosenberger Auto SalesRR 1Markleysburg, PA 15459(724) 329-4288New Car DealersUsed Car DealersAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection8. All BMW Parts -- Bavarian Auto Recycling Inc.Serving the Markleysburg Area.(877) 515-1055Automobile Parts & Supplies-Used...More InfoFrom Business: As one of the largest BMW parts recyclers in the US, we specialize in rebuilt, new, and used BMW parts for all BMW car models. Our recycled BMW parts inventory incl…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection9. We Buy Junk Cars & Used CarsServing the Markleysburg Area.(800) 757-5211Used Car DealersTowingMore InfoFrom Business: Cash For Junk Cars Inc is ready to get you top dollar for your junk car. Here is how it works: Step 1. Call and receive an immediate quote for your car right over t…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection10. All European Engines & Transmissions - Bavarian Engine Exchange, IncServing the Markleysburg Area.(877) 770-8776Automobile Parts & Supplies-Used...More InfoFrom Business: Thank you for choosing Bavarian Engine Exchange to help with your used and rebuilt European Engine & Transmission needs. We are committed to providing you with cons…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your other collection!Error when adding to other collectionThis business was removed from the other collection11. Rush Truck Centers(6)Serving the Markleysburg Area.Bus Repair & ServiceNew Truck DealersWebsiteFind a LocationMore InfoWe recently had some warranty work done at Rush in Lake City. I want to say they did an excellent job. The repairs we had done were time consuming b…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection12. Professional Auto Sales & SvcServing the Markleysburg Area.(724) 628-4834Used Car DealersNew Car DealersAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection13. Hercik Auto& Route 857Uniontown, PA 15401(724) 437-8400Used Car DealersAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection14. iBuyCarsTrucks.com4997 Rt 51 SouthBelle Vernon, PA 15012(412) 680-7100Auto AppraisersUsed Car DealersWebsiteFrom Business: Sell my car, Sell your car for cash, fast and easy. We buy any car, truck, suv, van, utility vehicle. New or Old. Top dollar paid for your vehicle. Free vehicle app…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection15. Wilson Auto Sales(2)5369 National PikeConfluence, PA 15424(724) 329-8800New Car DealersWebsiteI bought a used Equinox. There was a problem with the emission and radio. I called Rick. At first, he would order parts and repair for me. Later, he…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection16. Ford of Uniontown1 Superior WayUniontown, PA 15401(724) 425-5980New Car DealersAuto Repair & ServiceWebsiteFrom Business: We're the best new Ford Dealership around. Stop in and see for yourself. We specialize in new cars, used cars, new trucks, and used trucks, leases, along with auto …Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection17. Ritchey's Auto SalesRte 40Chalk Hill, PA 15421(724) 438-4856New Car DealersUsed Car DealersAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection18. Mike's Auto RepairBBB Rating: A+Serving the Markleysburg Area.(724) 439-1150Auto Repair & ServiceUsed Car DealersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection19. Bell's Autobody & TowingServing the Markleysburg Area.(724) 628-8350TowingAuto Repair & ServiceAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection20. Legend Auto Center and Used Ca171 Maryland Line RdBruceton Mills, WV 26525(304) 379-2277Used Car DealersAuto Repair & ServiceAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection21. Hazelton Preowned Auto & RV1712 Hazelton RdBruceton Mills, WV 26525(304) 379-7386Used Car DealersNew Car DealersAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection22. Thurby's Riverside Ford Sales118 Baxter StConfluence, PA 15424(814) 395-3303New Car DealersUsed Car DealersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection23. Riverside Motor SalesBAXTER StreetConfluence, PA 15424(814) 395-3014New Car DealersUsed Car DealersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection24. Art Butler Auto SalesProducts33728 Garrett HwyAccident, MD 21520(301) 746-8227Used Car DealersAuto Repair & ServiceWebsiteFrom Business: We have some of the best prices on most major brand tires.Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection25. Accident GarageBBB Rating: A+113 S Main StAccident, MD 21520(301) 746-8181New Car DealersAuto Repair & ServiceWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection26. Randy Butler AutomotiveBBB Rating: A+1246 Collier RdAccident, MD 21520(301) 746-8742New Car DealersUsed Car DealersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection27. Route 40 Auto Sales1243 National PikeHopwood, PA 15445(724) 550-4377New Car DealersUsed Car DealersAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection28. Ranker Motor SalesProducts1100 University DrDunbar, PA 15431(724) 628-8500New Car DealersWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoFrom Business: Ranker Motor Sales: Ranker Motor Sales located in Connellsville, PA is proud to be a premier Lincoln dealership in the Connellsville, PA area. From the moment you w…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection29. City MotorsBBB Rating: A+299 E Fayette StUniontown, PA 15401(724) 438-6030Used Car DealersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your car collection!Error when adding to car collectionThis business was removed from the car collection30. Advantage Auto Sales1026 National PikeUniontown, PA 15401(724) 437-7748Used Car DealersWebsiteSponsored LinksShowing1-30
of 42results12NextAdd a New CollectionOops! There was a problem saving the new custom collection.Please try again.Collection Name cannot be emptyUpload a Photo(optional)Remaining Characters: 100Remaining Characters: 500CancelSaveMap ViewFeatured Used Car Dealersin Markleysburg, PennsylvaniaWe Buy Junk Cars & Used CarsServing the Markleysburg area.(800) 757-5211More InfoAll BMW Parts -- Bavarian Auto Recycling Inc.Serving the Markleysburg area.(877) 515-1055More InfoAll European Engines & Transmissions - Bavarian Engine Exchange, IncServing the Markleysburg area.(877) 770-8776All German Engines -- BMW Mini Mercedes Audi RoverMore InfoRanker Motor Sales1100 University Dr, Dunbar, PA 15431(724) 628-8500WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoJim Crivelli Chevrolet Incorporated108 McKees Rocks Plz, Mc Kees Rocks, PA 15136(412) 331-0120WebsiteCouponsMake an AppointmentDirectionsMore InfoCline's Auto(1)7862 State Route 30, Irwin, PA 15642(724) 213-8102Let Us Open The Door to a Used Car For YouWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoDidn't find what you were looking for?magnifying glassPlease help others by helping us do better.Suggest a BusinessAboutAbout UsSite FeedbackContact UsAdvertise with UsCareers - We're HiringCorporate BlogEngineering BlogLegal

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Patent US7830878 - Virtual network connection system, virtual network connection apparatus, and ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThere is provided a virtual network connection apparatus including a first storage unit that stores first correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between a real address of an information processor in a site and a virtual address of the information processor in a virtual...http://www.google.com/patents/US7830878?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7830878 - Virtual network connection system, virtual network connection apparatus, and computer-readable mediumAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7830878 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/924,685Publication dateNov 9, 2010Filing dateOct 26, 2007Priority dateMay 30, 2007Also published asCN101316230A, CN101316230B, US20080298367Publication number11924685, 924685, US 7830878 B2, US 7830878B2, US-B2-7830878, US7830878 B2, US7830878B2InventorsYasuyuki FurukawaOriginal AssigneeFuji Xerox Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Referenced by (4), Classifications (17), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetVirtual network connection system, virtual network connection apparatus, and computer-readable mediumUS 7830878 B2Abstract There is provided a virtual network connection apparatus including a first storage unit that stores first correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between a real address of an information processor in a site and a virtual address of the information processor in a virtual network, an address conversion unit that executes an address conversion for transmitted information between an information processor in the site and an information processor outside of the site by referring to the first correspondence information, a second storage unit that stores second correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between a name of an information processor in the site and a real address of the information processor, a generation unit that generates third correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between a name of an information processor in the site and a virtual address of the information processor based on the first and the second correspondence information.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-143068 filed on May 30, 2007.
SUMMARY According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a virtual network connection system having a collection unit that collects, from each of sites in a virtual network, a real address of an information processor in the site; an assignment unit that assigns, to each information processor having an overlapping real address among the real addresses collected by the collection unit, a virtual address which does not overlap with that of the other information processors in the sites; a first generation unit that generates first correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between a virtual address assigned by the assignment unit and the real address; a first providing unit that generates setting information for a virtual network connection on the basis of the first correspondence information and provides the setting information to a virtual network connection apparatus of each of the sites; an acquisition unit that acquires second correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between the real address of an information processor and a name of the information processor from the site to which the information processor belongs; a second generation unit that generates third correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between the virtual address and the name of the information processor on the basis of the first correspondence information and the second correspondence information; and a second providing unit that provides the third correspondence information to the virtual network connection apparatus of each of the sites.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION An example of a network structure of an exemplary embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. 1. In this example, one VPN (Virtual Private Network) is constructed between LANs (Local Area Network) of three sites A, B, and C.
More specifically, in this system, routing information held by the VPN routers 100A, 100B, and 100C are collected, to check whether or not there are computers having an overlapping private IP address in the sites A, B, and C. Then, IP addresses which are virtual (or simulated) (hereinafter referred to as �virtual IP address�) and which do not overlap among the sites are assigned to the computers having an overlapping IP address so that these computers can participate in the VPN.
In the VPN connection setting information, a pair consisting of a �local-side selector� and a �remote-side selector� indicates a selection condition for selecting a packet via the VPN. The �local-side selector� is a condition related to an address within a site on a local side of the VPN connection seen from the VPN router 100A (that is, within the LAN 200A managed by the VPN router 100A). The �local-side selector� includes a condition for an outbound packet and a condition for an inbound packet. The local-side selector for the outbound packet is a condition related to a source IP address of a packet to be outbound from the LAN to the Internet, and the local-side selector for the inbound packet is a condition related to a destination IP address of a packet which is inbound from the Internet to the LAN. The �remote-side selector� is a condition related to an address in a site of the other party of the VPN connection seen from the VPN router 100A. A �local-side peer� is a global IP address of the interface used by the VPN router 100A for the VPN connection, and a �remote-side peer� is a global IP address of the VPN router 100B or 100C of the other party of the VPN connection.
For example, the setting information for connection AB in FIG. 3 shows (1) a rule that �when 24 upper bits of the source IP address of the packet received from within the LAN 200A match 10.0.0 and 24 upper bits of the destination IP address match 30.0.0, the packet is to be encapsulated and the encapsulated packet is to be transmitted from the address 1.1.0.1 of the VPN router 100A to the address 1.2.0.1 of the VPN router 100B which is the other party� and (2) a rule that �when 24 upper bits of the source IP address of a packet transmitted from 1.2.0.1 (VPN router 100B) to 1.1.0.1 (VPN router 100A) match 20.0.0 and 24 upper bits of the source IP address match 30.0.0, the packet is to be decapsulated and the packet obtained as a result of decapsulation is to be transmitted to a computer on the LAN 200A�.
In the VPN connection setting information 122, the �local-side peer� and the �remote-side peer� are fixed values determined by the VPN routers in the VPN, and, for example, may be set by administrators managing the VPN routers 100A, 100B, and 100C. The �local-side selector� and the �remote-side selector,� on the other hand, may be a virtual IP address, and, may be automatically set, after assignment of the virtual IP address is determined, in accordance with the assignment. For example, the local-side selector 20.0.0.0/24 is represented with virtual IP addresses.
The VPN connection controller 120 has an NAT (Network Address Translator) unit 124. The NAT unit 124 refers to a conversion rule 126 and converts between the real IP address (that is, the original private IP address) and the virtual IP address for the source and destination IP addresses. FIG. 4 exemplifies a conversion rule 126 held by the VPN router 100A. The conversion rule shown in FIG. 4 is applied to packets determined by the VPN connection setting information 122 as �packets via VPN�. This example rule defines that (1) for an outbound packet exiting from the LAN 200A to the Internet, the source IP address is to be converted from the private IP address 10.0.0.x to virtual IP address 20.0.0.x and that (2) for an inbound packet entering from the Internet to the LAN 200A, the destination IP address is to be converted from the virtual IP address 20.0.0.x to the real address (private IP address) 10.0.0.x. The conversion rule 126 is set after the assignment of the virtual IP address is determined.
Even when the source IP address of an outbound packet from the LAN 200A to the Internet is 10.0.0.x, if the destination IP address is that other than the site of the other party of the VPN connection, the conversion rule 126 is not applied. Such a case is in a region of normal NAT or IP masquerade such as, for example, conversion of the source IP address to a global IP address held by the router, and is not directly related to VPN. The VPN routers 100A, 100B, and 100C may have such a normal NAT, NAPT (Network Address Port Translation), or IP masquerade function. The NAPT and IP masquerade are technologies in which one global IP address is shared by multiple computers in a company or the like connected to the Internet. The NAPT is defined in, for example, RFC 2663 �NAT Terminology and Considerations�.
The setting information provided by the setting information providing unit 138 to the VPN router 100B also includes information of a correspondence relationship between the original private IP addresses (real IP addresses) of the computers on the LAN 200B to which the VPN router 100B belongs and the virtual IP addresses assigned to these computers. Alternatively, it is also possible to employ a configuration in which information of a correspondence relationship between the private network address of the LAN 200B (real network address) and the virtual network address is included in the setting information in place of the information of the correspondence relationship between the real IP addresses and virtual IP addresses of the computers. When the VPN router 100B receives the setting information, the VPN router 100B sets the �local-side selector (inbound)� for the connection with the site A in the VPN connection setting information 122 to, for example, virtual network addresses 30.0.0.0/24 based on the received setting information. The VPN router 100B also sets, as the conversion rule 126 for the VPN, a rule for an outbound packet to convert the source address from the private addresses 10.0.0.0/24 to the virtual addresses 30.0.0.0/24 and a rule for an inbound packet to convert the destination address from the virtual addresses 30.0.0.0/24 to the private addresses 10.0.0.0/24 in the NAT unit 124 on the basis of the received information. These processes are executed by the information acquisition unit 164 and the setting unit 136 a in the VPN router 100B.
When the original private addresses are to be used as the addresses for VPN for the LAN 200C, no virtual address is assigned, and, thus, the setting information provided to the VPN router 100C may not include the correspondence information of the real address and the virtual address. The value of the �local-side selector (inbound)� in the VPN connection setting information 122 of the VPN router 100C is set to 172.16.0.0/24, similar to the value of the �local-side selector (outbound)�, and the conversion rule 126 may be emptied (that is, no address conversion is executed for the VPN).
FIG. 6 shows an example of zone information held by the master DNS 240A in the example configuration of FIG. 1. In this example configuration, the domain name of the site A is �foo.com�, the host name of the computer 220A is �PC_A1.foo.com�, and the private IP address of the computer 220A is 10.0.0.1. The zone information 142 having a content as shown in FIG. 7 is generated by reference to the zone information and the conversion rule shown in FIG. 4. In the example configuration of FIG. 7, a virtual IP address belonging to 20.0.0.0/24 is registered as the IP address of each computer in the zone information 142.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7562213 *Sep 16, 2003Jul 14, 2009Cisco Technology, Inc.Approaches for applying service policies to encrypted packetsUS20020186698 *Jun 12, 2001Dec 12, 2002Glen CenizaSystem to map remote lan hosts to local IP addressesJP2000228674A Title not availableJP2002204252A Title not availableJP2003169070A Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8050282 *Mar 26, 2009Nov 1, 2011Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Universal plug and play device and method of resolving network address conflict by considering remote accessUS8392549 *Nov 3, 2010Mar 5, 2013Chung-Ang University Industry�Academy Cooperation FoundationApparatus and method for registering node and searching for floating internet protocol address using distributed networkUS8578149Jan 26, 2010Nov 5, 2013Meidensha CorporationTCP communication schemeUS20110252129 *Nov 3, 2010Oct 13, 2011Chung-Ang University Industry-Academy CooperationApparatus and method for registering node and searching for floating internet protocol address using distributed network* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification370/389International ClassificationH04L12/56, H04L12/18Cooperative ClassificationH04L12/4641, H04L29/12066, H04L29/12216, H04L61/1511, H04L61/2007, H04L45/04, H04L29/12367, H04L61/2514European ClassificationH04L29/12A3A, H04L29/12A4A1B, H04L12/46V, H04L45/04, H04L61/20A, H04L61/25A1BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 26, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: FUJI XEROX CO., LTD., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FURUKAWA, YASUYUKI;REEL/FRAME:020020/0056Effective date: 20071022RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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