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Amazon.com: LeapFrog Cooking Recipes On The Road Learning Game (works with LeapPad Tablets and Leapster GS): Toys & Games
LeapFrog Cooking Recipes ...
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This item: LeapFrog Cooking Recipes On The Road Learning Game (works with LeapPad Tablets and Leapster GS) $16.79
LeapFrog The Magic School Bus Oceans Learning Game (Works with LeapPad Tablets, LeapsterGS, and  $18.21
LeapFrog Animal Genius Learning Game (works with LeapPad Tablets, LeapsterGS, and Leapster Explorer) $24.99
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Order Up! Hungry for knowledge? Cook up some math fun playing the LeapFrog game Cooking. Recipes on the Road, which works with LeapPad Ultra, Leappad2 Power, LeapPad2, LeapPad1, LeapsterGS, and Leapster Explorer learning game systems (sold separately). Help run the family food truck using mathematics skills. Follow recipes, select ingredients, assemble dishes, and interact with hungry customers. Pick, measure, mix, stack, slice, and dice—and don't forget to add a pinch of fun. Assemble each dish for balanced presentation. Watch the thermometer to heat food to the perfect temperature. The Perfect Recipe for Learning From measuring ingredients and calculating weight to doubling an order and weighing and counting ingredients, cooking is naturally chock-full of mathematics. In this game, children ages 5 to 8 years can enjoy the fun of cooking as they explore decimals, fractions, percentages, and a variety of mathematics topics in a context they can translate to the real world—cooking. Players start at just the right place in the curriculum depending on their age and level up or down through the questions at just the right pace for them. With 63 levels of curriculum and more than 37 skills to explore, children can develop key skills every time they play. A Slice of Life Make learning simply an ingredient to fun as children apply mathematics skills to tried-and-true recipes and help run the family business. Players must pick the right ingredients and measure the proper amounts to prepare exactly what customers crave so they'll keep coming back for more. This means heating food to the correct temperature, calculating the right weight, and measuring the necessary quantities of ingredients, assembling each dish for balanced presentation and being ready to double an order at a moment's notice. Keep the Fun Rolling Built-in mini-games challenge kids to pave the road for food truck success. If another food truck has a great dish, players can experiment with their own version to uncover the special ingredient. If a friend shows up at the window with a warning that the health inspector is coming, it’s time to shift gears for a quick kitchen clean-up activity. Players can use the tips they earn to buy artistic upgrades and customize their trucks. They can also unlock supreme variations of existing recipes—these fun fixings really "spice up" a dish and always impress customers. What’s in the box? This product includes the LeapFrog game Cooking! Recipes on the Road, which works with all LeapPad learning tablets, LeapsterGS, and Leapster Explorer (sold separately). Use coins to buy artistic upgrades for the food truck. Key Features With 63 levels of curriculum and tons of open-ended mini-games, Cooking! Recipes on the Road serves up all-you-can-eat learning and fun. Rev up mathematics skills as you help turn the family food truck into the city’s best. Follow family recipes by picking, measuring, slicing, dicing, weighing, and mixing ingredients to keep your customers happy. Earn "tips" for a job well done and use them to upgrade the truck's style with new paint, details and more. Teaches TemperatureVolume and weightAddition and subtractionMultiplicationFractionsDecimals From the Manufacturer
Hungry for knowledge? Cook up some learning fun. Help run the family food truck using mathematics skills. Follow recipes, select ingredients, assemble dishes and interact with hungry customers. Pick, measure, mix, stack, slice and dice—and don't forget to add a pinch of fun. Age 5-8 years Features Apply mathematics skills to tried-and-true recipes as you help run the family food truck. Pick the right ingredients and measure the proper amounts to prepare exactly what your customers crave so they'll keep coming back for more. Heat food to the correct temperature, calculate the right weight and measure the necessary amount of ingredients, assemble each dish for balanced presentation and be ready to double an order at a moment's notice. Play mini-games that pave the road for food truck success. If another food truck has a dish you love, experiment with your own version to uncover their special ingredient. If your friend Freddy shows up at the window with a warning that the health inspector is coming, shift gears for a quick kitchen clean-up activity. Plus, fix dishes the way that customers want them and get tips for doing a good job. Use your coins to buy artistic upgrades and customize your truck for a look that's just your style. Players can also unlock supreme variations of existing recipes—these fun fixings really "spice up" a dish and impress your customers. Learning Difference "From measuring ingredients and calculating weight to doubling an order and weighing and counting ingredients, cooking is naturally chock-full of mathematics. In this game, children enjoy the fun of cooking as they explore decimals, fractions, percentages and a variety of mathematics topics in a context they can translate to the real world." - Jody L., LeapFrog Learning Expert Works With LeapPad Ultra, LeapPad2, LeapPad1, LeapsterGS, Leapster Explorer.
Product Dimensions: 0.5 x 1.8 x 1.2 inches ; 0.3 ounces
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #5,461 in Toys & Games (See Top 100 in Toys & Games)
#15 in Software > Children's Software
#75 in Toys & Games > Electronics for Kids > Electronic Toys
#105 in Toys & Games > Learning & Education > Electronics
9 of 9 people found the following review helpfulgreat purchase - game teaches numbers, addition, instruction-listening and yes, cooking
VINE VOICE on March 12, 2014
This is a great game! I bought it for my son at his request. First, the awesome thing is that you can cook as a boy or a girl. The idea is that you are helping out your family in the food truck. You also learn to clean.In the game, you go to different locations with your food truck, and make different meals. You are able to learn different recipes. Cooking consists of the following activities:1.) selecting ingredients for the recipe from a pantry, a matching exercise2.) counting a number of items (say, carrots) and moving them to a scale, adding up to a goal number. A counting game.3.) slicing and cutting (hand-eye coordination)4.) cooking, which is mostly following instructions, like adding ingredients at certain times, flipping the food, and taking it off the heat.5.) selecting the right # of ingredients by recognizing numbers. over time, these become small math problems. You start with recognizing the letter 5, then into two digit numbers like 13, and finally you see 5+5= and you have to select 10. My son got a bit stuck on the last one, but I explained he just had to choose the 5's twice. It's totally do-able and teaches addition skills.The game doesn't require the child to know how to read, although I thought it would. It does require them to recognize numbers.At the end of the day, you have to clean the truck, put things away, and recycle the trash. I like that part too!I think it's a really great game that grows progressively with your child's abilities, gives lots of positive feedback, and is apparently quite fun considering he keeps going back to play more (and usually he gets frustrated by games and stops playing after, say, 15 minutes).
6 of 6 people found the following review helpfulGreat game for a 9 year old
My daughter loves cooking games, and this one did not disappoint. She has played out almost all the levels! It is challenging enough to keep the interest of my 9 year old, but easy enough not to frustrate my 7 year old. Fun game!
2 of 2 people found the following review helpfulSo much fun and learning too
My 5 year old daughter absolutely loves this game! The graphics are great! The games are age appropriate, and challenging for her. My only complaint: when you are getting ingredients it will come to a math game and it will say "normally we put 9 pickles on an order but this customer wants 6 less how many pickles do you need? You only options to come up with the answer are to add 2 plus 1 in order to make 3. It is very confusing to my daughter that she is supposed to be subtracting, but because of how the game is designed (you have to make all your answers using 1,2,or 5) that she ends up having to add to make the answer.My daughter will spend hours playing this game, it is truly her favorite of all the games she has.
shynicern
I bought this game at my 5 year old daughter's request. It's her favorite leap pad game. Teaches math skills, fractions, temperatures and other measurements. Gotta love it when they learn AND have fun doing it!
1 of 1 people found the following review helpfulGreat learning
My son is in love with anything where you have to do things in stages. What I love about this is it gives a little bit of math with it. The other day my son came up to me and asked me what 2 times 2 was and gave me the correct answer. It was a proud moment to realize that this is helping him understand math.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpfulA Great Game that teaches much!
My 5yo DD loves this. The math is a little advanced for her (she received it for her 5th birthday) but I'm impressed at how much she's learning with it and she'll sit down to play it for a long time before loosing interest. I would recommend it to others!
Recipe Game a Big Hit!
saddlescenes
For my grandson's 6th birthday he received a LeapPad 2 and needed games to go with it. After reading lots of reviews, I chose LeapFrog Cooking Recipes On The Road Learning Game, as well as another reading game. He was at my house this weekend, and when I asked if he'd played with the recipe game, he said, with much enthusiasm, "Oh yeah! That's my favorite! I LOVE that game." He also informed me he'd quickly finished the games that came with his LeapPad, and that the reading game I'd also given him was OK, but he let his 3-yr old sister play with THAT one. So yes, the reviews were right on, and I'd definitely recommend the "Recipe Game" for the middle age range.
Perfect for your little chef!
Mommymomentswithabby
My daughter has recently become obsessed with Master chief and has decided to become a baker and a doctor. This doesn't help with the doctor part, but really helps with the math skills needed with cooking. It also helps with some cooking skills, such as not leaving something on the heat for too long, turning items on a skillet, making sure to double recipes when needed, and keeping a clean cooking area! We love, love, love this game! My little chef plays this almost daily!
Great game for learning math. My daughter was able to enjoy learning.
Published 1 day ago by Tabitha Villeneuve
... 8 year old loves his new game and I love that it's not to easy for...
My 8 year old loves his new game and I love that it's not to easy for him. I love that they are coming out with games for older kids and higher grade levels
Bought this for my 4th grader and she loved it
My 6 year old loves this game. Good way to sneak in some fun learning.
Published 1 month ago by Parent
Fabulous. Worth the cost. Great for boys and girls.
My six year old LOVES this game. I love it, too, because it really teaches them practical skills - reading thermometers, weighing out ingredients. I'd highly recommend it!
my 4 year-old daughter liked it, that is safe and can be fun, but also to learn.
Published 2 months ago by hui zhao
Good game for grandchildren.
Published 2 months ago by Harold Hoffman
Published 2 months ago by Mary-Catherine Fontenot
both my 3 and 7 year olds love this game so much that sometimes they...
both my 3 and 7 year olds love this game so much that sometimes they wear it out a lot
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Check out these pages to see more: kids cooking, smile dice, small business internet marketing


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asp.net mvc 3 - How to handle server side errors in MVC3 with ajax.beginform - Stack Overflow
I am using Ajax.BeginForm for my page. The client side validation does its work and displays any errors in the validation summary area. Now I want same behaivor when a server side error occurs in the controller.
In a standard form you would AddModelError to the ModelState and return to the form and the fields and validation summary are updated. But with Ajax I can't get this to work.
My controller returns a JsonResult (this may not be the correct way, but I can get my update information back to the form easily) and the first thing I do is check for the ModelState.IsValid. If this is false, how do you get those errors to display on the page in the validation summary?
I return a dictionary collection with the field name and error and call this routine, which is pretty much just taken from jQuery:
function ShowFormErrors(validator, errors)
$.extend( validator.errorMap, errors );
validator.errorList = [];
for( var elm=0; elm<validator.currentElements.length; elm++ )
if( validator.currentElements[elm].name == name )
curElement = validator.currentElements[elm];
validator.errorList.push({
element: curElement           //this.findByName(name)[0]
validator.successList = $.grep( validator.successList, function(element) {
validator.settings.showErrors
? validator.settings.showErrors.call( validator, validator.errorMap, validator.errorList )
: validator.defaultShowErrors();
This code works but will never call validator.settings.showErrors because I don't think that showErrors is in validate.unobtrusive.js but is in validate.js.
I ended up setting and clearing the validation summary locally:
function ShowValiationSummaryErrors(validator)
var frm = validator.currentForm;
var container = $(frm).find("[data-valmsg-summary=true]"), list = container.find("ul");
if (list && validator.errorList.length) {
$(list).append( $("<li />").html(this.message));
function ClearValidationSummary()
var container = $('form').find('[data-valmsg-summary="true"]');
if (list && list.length)
container.addClass('validation-summary-valid').removeClass('validation-summary-errors');
asp.net-mvc-3 validation razor share|improve this question edited Sep 21 '11 at 17:07
What would be simple is to have your controller action return a partial view containing the form and then update the DOM by injecting this new contents. This way errors will automatically be shown. If you return JSON you will have to include this information in the JSON string and then manually update the relevant portions to show the errors.
Ok, how is that done? I am returning a Dictionary collection with the name and message which shows up on the client side. Then I update the validators.errorlist and successlist collections and call defaultShowErrors(). This hilights the fields and show the field error message but does not put the error in the validation summary. I will update the original post with this code.

type: global

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Nestled in a beautiful countryside location with wonderful far reaching views is this fantastic character cottage. Cranes Lane itself is one of the area’s most desirable addresses and is home to some of the Lathom’s finest properties. Benefiting a private plot, this picture perfect re...
Meadowbridge Close, Westhead
Detached dormer house set in a small cul-de-sac of similar properties. Accommodation comprising, lounge dining room, kitchen, conservatory and ground floor W/C. The first floor offers three bedrooms, master with en-suite shower room, and family bathroom. Outside this property occupies an eleva...
SPACIOUS DETACHED FAMILY HOUSE*CUL DE SAC LOCATION*OPEN VIEWS TO REAR*EASY ACCESS TO M58 AND M6 MOTORWAY NETWORKS*LOUNGE*DINING ROOM*CONSERVATORY*FITTED KITCHEN*UTILITY*INTEGRAL GARAGE*THREE DOUBLE BEDROOMS*EN SUUITE*DOUBLE GLAZED THROUGHOUT*LARGE LANDSCAPED PRIVATE REAR GARDEN WITH OPEN VIEWS*
Located in a most convenient position within walking distance of the centre of historic Ormskirk, this beautifully presented three/four bed modern detached residence has seen a host of skilful improvements under our client’s tenure, including a conversion of the original garage into additio...
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****OPEN DAY SATURDAY 24TH SEPTEMBER 2016 1PM-3PM. NO APPOINTMENT NECESSARY. ALL WELCOME****Resting in a delightful position along Meadow Lane in picturesque Lathom is this lovely semi detached character cottage which offers many of the features you would expect from a home from this period. The ...
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£279,000 3 bedroom barn conversion for sale
A delightful detached property situated in the popular residential area of Burscough within easy reach of the village, train stations and its associated amenities. Accommodation comprises a living room, lounge kitchen/diner, utility room, three bedrooms and a bathroom. Outside there are well mai...
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A spacious, extended three bedroom Semi-Detached Family Home of the highest quality, with gas central heating, double glazing and attractive rear garden, the property merits inspection. Accommodation comprises: Hall, Lounge, Dining Room, Breakfasting Kitchen with a range of appliances. First Floo...
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An extended semi detached property situated in a popular residential area convenient for Burscough village centre and its associated amenities. Accommodation comprises a living room, dining room and kitchen/breakfast room whilst to the first floor there are three bedrooms, bathroom and separate W...

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Always pick this hotel for business in Hanoi and always book with Agoda to get the finest offer! Great hotel location , its friendly staff and nicely breakfast is always meet our expectation . Room is extremely clean and neat , having window is a big bonus . Luxury amenities and fast internet is really great for our stay Avaliado 17 outubro 2013
Atsuo, Japão
Location : very near the old city, Cost Avaliado 17 outubro 2013
I stayed in Gia Bao from 18.9.13 to 21.9.2013. My room (602) has good city view. The floor is quiet. And personality of Sales Manager Mr Savi is very nice. He has patience to give me lots of advices about travelling in Hanoi. At Mid-Autumn festival, He brings me and other HK friends to celebrate at night. Very interesting experience. Other staffs at Reception are very polite and sincere. I highly recommend my friend to station in Gia Bao when they come Hanoi. Avaliado 15 outubro 2013
Nice and neat hotel Great location , excellent staff and nice/clean room A very nice hotel with its brilliant location , friendly staff ,good hotel services with daily tasty buffet breakfast , free fresh fruit in room , fast internet .. all is included in the room rate . Moreover , room has very specific decor that no other hotel has the same ,clean & tidy room , luxury amenities make this hotel is such different better compare to hotels around Avaliado 14 outubro 2013

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text:
Miles Wallingford by James Fenimore Cooper | NOOK Book (eBook) | Barnes & Noble®
--"But I'll not chide thee;Let shame come when it will, I do not call it;I do not bid the thunder-bearer shoot,Nor tell tales of thee to high-judging Jove;Mend when thou canst--"Lear.It is almost as impossible to describe minutely what occurred on the boat's reaching the Wallingford, as to describe all the terrific incidents of the struggle

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text:
Interventions provided in the acute phase for mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. - PubMed - NCBI
1 selected item: 23924958
Syst Rev. 2013 Aug 7;2:63. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-2-63.
Gravel J1, D'Angelo A, Carrière B, Crevier L, Beauchamp MH, Chauny JM, Wassef M, Chaillet N.
Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. graveljocelyn@hotmail.com
Most patients who sustain mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have persistent symptoms at 1 week and 1 month after injury. This systematic review investigated the effectiveness of interventions initiated in acute settings for patients who experience mTBI.
We performed a systematic review of all randomized clinical trials evaluating any intervention initiated in an acute setting for patients experiencing acute mTBI. All possible outcomes were included. The primary sources of identification were MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials, from 1980 to August 2012. Hand searching of proceedings from five meetings related to mTBI was also performed. Study selection was conducted by two co-authors, and data abstraction was completed by a research assistant specialized in conducting systematic reviews. Study quality was evaluated using Cochrane's Risk of Bias assessment tool.
From a potential 15,156 studies, 1,268 abstracts were evaluated and 120 articles were read completely. Of these, 15 studies fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. One study evaluated a pharmacological intervention, two evaluated activity restriction, one evaluated head computed tomography scan versus admission, four evaluated information interventions, and seven evaluated different follow-up interventions. Use of different outcome measures limited the possibilities for analysis. However, a meta-analysis of three studies evaluating various follow-up strategies versus routine follow-up or no follow-up failed to show any effect on three outcomes at 6 to 12 months post-trauma. In addition, a meta-analysis of two studies found no effect of an information intervention on headache at 3 months post-injury.
There is a paucity of well-designed clinical studies for patients who sustain mTBI. The large variability in outcomes measured in studies limits comparison between them.
23924958
PMC3750385
10.1186/2046-4053-2-63
Syst Rev. 2013;2:63-63.
Summary of the risk of bias for the 15 studies.
Association between standardized information interventions compared with routine or no information on multiple post-concussion symptoms at 1 to 3 months.
Association between follow-up interventions compared with routine or no follow-up on multiple post-concussion symptoms at 6–12 months. (a) Memory, (b) poor concentration, (c) headache, (d) dizziness, (e) vision impairment, (f) fatigue, (g) irritability, (h) anxiety, (i) depression, and (j) sensitivity to noise.

value: This website is part of the United States National Library of Medicine , a branch of the National Institutes of Health . It is approved and funded by the government of the United States.


text:
link: "//www.loc.gov/pictures/item/owi2001045052/PP/",
Reproduction Number: LC-USW31-058722 (b&w film neg.)
Call Number: LC-USW31- 058722 [P&P]
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/owi2001045052/PP/
Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on theDuplication Services Web site. Call Number: LC-USW31- 058722 [P&P]

value: This website is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States.


text:
By DAVID STREITFELD JAN. 7, 2009
PITTSBURGH — This is what life in one American city looks like after an industrial collapse:
Unemployment is 5.5 percent, far below the national average. While housing prices sank nearly everywhere in the last year, they rose here. Wages are also up. Foreclosures are comparatively uncommon.
A generation ago, the steel industry that built Pittsburgh and still dominated its economy entered its death throes. In the early 1980s, the city was being talked about the way Detroit is now. Its very survival was in question.
Deindustrialization in Pittsburgh was a protracted and painful experience. Yet it set the stage for an economy that is the envy of many recession-plagued communities, particularly those where the automobile industry is struggling for its life.
“If people are looking for hope, it’s here,” said Sabina Deitrick, an urban studies expert at the University of Pittsburgh. “You can have a decent economy over a long period of restructuring.”
Chimneys, now ornamental, mark the remains of the Homestead Works steel mill. Credit Jeff Swensen for The New York Times
Entrepreneurship bloomed in computer software and biotechnology. Two of the biggest sectors are education and health care, among the most resistant to downturns. Prominent companies are doing well. Westinghouse Electric, a builder of nuclear reactors, expects to hire 350 new employees a year for the foreseeable future. And commercial construction, plunging in most places, is still thriving partly because of big projects like a casino and an arena for the Penguins hockey team.
The question is whether Pittsburgh can serve as a model for Detroit and other cities in the industrial Midwest as they grapple with large-scale cutbacks in the automotive industry. Even with the federal government’s $17.4 billion bailout, General Motors, Chrysler and Ford are expected to continue shrinking.
The unemployment rate in Michigan, already close to 10 percent, will undoubtedly rise further. State and federal officials will have to increase the number of retraining programs, and develop a postindustrial policy that ensures there is something for the graduates to do. That will take patience and money, two commodities in short supply.
About 4 percent of Michigan workers make cars and parts, with many more employed in related fields. Few regions are as dependent on a single heavy industry. But the history of Pittsburgh, where steel workers fell from as much as 10 percent of the work force in 1980 to less than 1 percent today, offers proof that revitalization is possible.
One reason Pittsburgh looks better in the bust is because it never had a real estate boom. That might have been a cause for complaint among homeowners who missed out on soaring values in California and Florida in the first half of the decade, but these days they can only be grateful.
Housing prices in Pittsburgh were up 2.2 percent for the year ending September 2008 despite a slight drop in the latest quarter, according to the government’s House Price Index. That compares with a 4 percent drop for the United States as a whole.
United States Steels Homestead Works outside Pittsburgh in 1973. In 1980, one out of 10 area workers was in the steel industry. Credit Pittsburgh Post Gazette
The big local bank, PNC, was resolutely unadventurous during the housing frenzy. It just acquired Cleveland-based National City, which made too many bad loans. That will solidify Pittsburgh’s standing as one of the country’s major banking centers.
Yet the semisweet spot that Pittsburgh finds itself in was never inevitable. As recently as 2000, it had a higher unemployment rate than Detroit or Cleveland. Just as Michigan has traditionally put all its chips on the auto industry, it took Pittsburgh a long time to come to terms with the end of the steel era.
“The emphasis was on fighting the presumed causes of the decline by getting rid of low-cost foreign imports or providing more subsidies,” said Harold D. Miller, president of Future Strategies, a consultancy. “The assumption was that steel will come back and we’ll go back to the way we were.”
There were moments when the rebirth of steel seemed plausible, if not imminent. Ryan Campbell grew up in the shadow of the great Homestead Works, now the site of a vibrant shopping mall. When he graduated from college in 2001, steel drew him in.
Mr. Campbell took a job at a small specialty mill as a foreman. He loved it — the huge cranes delicately pouring pots of molten fire, the camaraderie on the production line, the proud heritage of making something tangible — but soon realized he could never make a career there.
Overburdened with retiree pension and health care costs, competing against both imports and modern minimills, the steel industry was convulsing again. An initial round of layoffs at Mr. Campbell’s mill was followed by a second, then a third. “I need to go paddle on a different boat,” Mr. Campbell told himself.
Ryan Campbell quit his job at a steel mill and now works in the medical industry. Credit Lisa Kyle for The New York Times
He posted a résumé online and was sought out by recruiters for Medrad Inc., a health care company founded by an emergency room doctor in 1964 in Pittsburgh. Now a unit of the German pharmaceutical giant Bayer, Medrad last year opened its fourth facility in the area, this one for making disposable syringes. Mr. Campbell, 31, is a production manager.
Career transitions could hardly be more painless, but Mr. Campbell has sympathy for his former colleagues, many of whom had a much more difficult time.
Some would be laid off, work in a grocery store or wait tables, and then go back when business picked up a bit, Mr. Campbell said. It was a rational thing to do: The mill would pay perhaps $17 an hour, much more than a restaurant or store.
Mark Conkle considers himself a retraining success, too, but his experience demonstrates how difficult it will be for many laid-off autoworkers to match their factory income.
Mr. Conkle worked for 15 years for Ross Mould Inc. in Washington, southwest of Pittsburgh, as a unionized production machinist. He was making $23 an hour when he was laid off in 2005.
Some laid-off colleagues went directly to machine shops for $10 or $11 an hour. Mr. Conkle took the harder route of retraining, enrolling in a 16-month technical program. His unemployment benefits and his wife Amanda’s job as a postal carrier carried the family through.
Mark Conkle also works in the medical industry after being laid off from his job at a steel mill. Credit Lisa Kyle for The New York Times
Last February, Mr. Conkle, 40, was hired as a maintenance specialist at the Monongahela Valley Hospital, a 226-bed hospital that is the third-largest employer in Washington County and is still growing. He makes $15 an hour, and in this economy is happy to have it. “You’ve got to take a job, no matter what it’s paying,” he said. “Companies know it.”
The forces buffeting the larger economy are beginning to touch Pittsburgh. Sony recently announced the closing of its Westmoreland County plant, its last television manufacturing factory in the United States. The plant had already been cut to 560 workers from 3,000 a few years ago. And Alcoa, which employs more than 1,500 people here, said Tuesday it was cutting 13 percent of its worldwide staff.
Even health care is affected. The Medrad plant has a hiring “pause.” Built for 500 workers, it has only about 95.
“Folks who are laid off should be given a chance to remake their lives,” said Barney Oursler, co-director of the Mon Valley Unemployed Committee. But “there are never enough good jobs.”
Particularly now. Pittsburgh had the luxury of reshaping itself while the rest of the United States economy was relatively strong. Unemployed steel workers could leave for the booming Sun Belt, helping the city and region shrink to a more manageable size. The metropolitan area of about 2.4 million has 200,000 fewer residents than in 1980.
With the entire country reeling, that escape valve is closed. A few weeks ago, Bill Shever was laid off from his job in a metal sidings plant in Valencia, north of Pittsburgh. He would relocate, but has not heard of any place where skilled labor is in demand.
“Times are tough all over,” said Mr. Shever, 47. “I might as well stick it out here.” He said two specialty steel companies seemed to be holding their own, and he would try them first.

value: This website is an American daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership. Founded in 1851, the Times has since won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper, and has long been regarded within the industry as a national "newspaper of record".


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Lampard pays tribute to extraordinary loyalty of fans | Daily Mail Online
Last updated at 16:00 01 September 2006
Frank Lampard has paid tribute to the extraordinary loyalty of the fans who have kept faith with England despite their World Cup failure in Germany.
More than 60,000 are expected at Old Trafford on Saturday when England begin their European Championship bid against the international minnows of Andorra.
Andorra's population at 67,000 is smaller than Old Trafford's 76,000-capacity but Lampard insisted that England would give tomorrow's opposition the respect they show all teams despite the tiny principality's lowly ranking in world football.
"We believe our fans are the best and the support they gave us at the World Cup was unbelievable," said Lampard. "When we played Greece last month people wondered how many fans would bother to turn up for a friendly straight after the World Cup.
"Well, the attendance at Old Trafford was the second highest on a big night of international football in Europe. It just goes to show how loyal they are to the team. The players are very conscious of that and want to repay it by giving the fans exciting football, good results and something to cheer about."
The Football Association have sold more than 52,000 tickets and expect the walk-up tomorrow to take the attendance over 60,000. "There's little doubt that once again it will be one of the highest international attendances of the weekend," said an FA spokesman.
Sven-Goran Eriksson's reign as manager coincided with the closure of Wembley and the biggest crowds during his six years in charge were always at Old Trafford.
The 70,373 who watched the 6-0 win over Jamaica in June was the biggest while the smallest home crowd was the 28,700 who attended the 3-1 win over Croatia at Ipswich in August 2003.
Few of the team from Andorra, ranked 131st in the world, will have experienced anything like the atmosphere that faces them at Old Trafford tomorrow. Only 150 fans watched their most recent victory - a 1-0 World Cup qualifying win over Macedonia.
Lampard added: "We know we're expected to beat Andorra comfortably and for that reason we need to make sure that we play with the right attitude," said the Chelsea midfield player who, at 28, is now one of the senior figures in Steve McClaren's squad.
"We're in a new era and there is some pressure on us to achieve. The manager wants us to perform and play well and every training session has been pretty intense.
"I think we started pretty well with the 4-0 win against Greece. We put pressure on ourselves to play well. We need to do the same against Andorra and Macedonia next week. We want to build some momentum so, as far as I'm concerned, motivation is not going to be a problem."
The former West Ham midfield player, the top scorer in the England squad with 12 goals from 46 matches, is desperate to help England reclaim football's high ground after the disappointments in Germany in the summer.
"From a personal point of view, getting knocked out of the World Cup, failing to score and missing a penalty made the summer one of the low points of my career," he said. "But when you're a big player and you've enjoyed success you have to be prepared to take the other side. I find the best way to deal with it is to get out on the pitch and play well."
McClaren's new midfield line-up, with Lampard supported in the middle by Owen Hargreaves, worked well against Greece with Lampard getting back on the scoresheet after failing to score in five World Cup ties.
"I try to play where I can get involved in the build- up," he explained. "That's what makes me tick. If I can get forward to score a goal that's a bonus.
"I thought Steven Gerrard played well on the right in his Liverpool role and Stewart Downing gave us balance on the left. When you have a defensive midfield player like Owen Hargreaves in the team you know he's always there when things break down. It was a great start for the midfield but we shouldn't get carried away.
"The important thing now is that we make a good start in the qualifying campaign. We don't want to drop behind. We need to take full advantage of our home games."
England have a great chance to secure nine points from the opening three matches - Andorra and Macedonia home and away - before their first tough games in Croatia in October and Israel in March.
McClaren is likely to remain faithful to the bulk of the team that beat Greece, though Wes Brown is lined up to replace the injured Rio Ferdinand and Phil Neville is expected to deputise for his brother Gary at right back.

value: This website is the website of the Daily Mail, a newspaper in the United Kingdom, and of its sister paper The Mail on Sunday. MailOnline is a division of dmg media, which is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc.


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Oxford Reading Tree Read With Biff Chip Kipper Collection 48 Books Full Set Pack | eBay
Details about Oxford Reading Tree Read With Biff Chip Kipper Collection 48 Books Full Set Pack
Oxford Reading Tree Read With Biff Chip Kipper Collection 48 Books Full Set Pack
07 Jul, 2015 09:52:20 BST
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Last updated on 10 Jan, 2015 09:44:56 GMT View all revisions
Age: 3-8 Subject: Early Readers
Series: Oxford Read at Home Format: Paperback

value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
Swepco in Mineola, TX with Reviews - YP.com
Mineola, TX Swepco
1. Swepco
6. Hendry Electric Inc
7. Patriot Electric Services
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15. Ambit Energy Independent Consultant - CLOSED
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114 Jordan Plaza Blvd Ste 300Tyler, TX 75704
(903) 595-8600
18. Electric Choice
19. Ambit Energy (Electricity Company)
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13971 Fm 848Whitehouse, TX 75791
22. R2 Energy Services
23. Ehieph Energy Exploration
25. Wood County Electric Cooperative, Inc
27. Moody & Phillips Electric
28. Cherokee County Electric Co-Op Association
29. Swn Electric Service Co
30. Rayburn Electric Coop

value: This website is a United States-based web site operated by YP Holdings that provides listings for local businesses. In 2013 it was re-branded as YP.com or simply "YP".


text:
Ghosts of Engines Past by Sean McMullen, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® B&N Top 100 NY Times Bestsellers
by Sean McMullenSean McMullen
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Flis Kupe only wants to quit her life enduring the horrors of the interstellar war. ...
Flis Kupe only wants to quit her life enduring the horrors of the interstellar war. She's even willing to burn out her embedded arlchip. The device pumps her miliary talents to the absolute limit. At a cost.Ready to return to ...
Brian's strange affliction slows everything in life. But he can make exquisite rings.When the quirky ...
Brian's strange affliction slows everything in life. But he can make exquisite rings.When the quirky and beautiful Celeste floats into his life, Brian discovers there might be ways to beat his problem.If he can keep up.In a world of normal ...
Hank's scorching across the California sky in a race to save his son. With the afterburners overheating, Sally Jean is tearing apart around him. At 55,000 feet.A dieselpunk story by Sean Monaghan, author of Pan Am 617 Heavy. Includes bonus ...
In a bizarre enclosed world, Alex Nightman flees Iddleston's thugs and mechanicals. All over a misunderstanding.Caught between the endless ceiling and the world's wide ocean, Nightman needs his wits and every trick he can muster to stay out of reach.Just ...


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A Dictionary of Cantonese Slang: The Language of Hong Kong Movies, Street Gangs and City Life by Christopher Hutton | 9780824815950 | Paperback | Barnes & Noble
A Dictionary of Cantonese Slang: The Language of Hong Kong Movies, Street Gangs and City Life by
Overview "The publication of this Dictionary locates the discussion of its subject, Cantonese slang, within the social, cultural and political dynamics of Hong Kong society. The 'slang' of the title refers to a wide range of Hong Kong vernacular Cantonese speech styles, notably the language of the underworld (a major source of innovation in late 20th-21st century speech), of teenagers, and of Hong Kong movies and comics." The volume offers a general introduction to the history of 'vernacular' and 'vulgar' dictionaries, including the lexicography of ...
492 pp., Paperback, NEW!!
"The publication of this Dictionary locates the discussion of its subject, Cantonese slang, within the social, cultural and political dynamics of Hong Kong society. The 'slang' of the title refers to a wide range of Hong Kong vernacular Cantonese speech styles, notably the language of the underworld (a major source of innovation in late 20th-21st century speech), of teenagers, and of Hong Kong movies and comics." The volume offers a general introduction to the history of 'vernacular' and 'vulgar' dictionaries, including the lexicography of Cantonese; the sociopolitical and linguistic background to Hong Kong; and the specific problems of approach and methodology faced by the linguist as urban anthropologist in researching such issues. The Dictionary itself offers for the first time a survey of the commonest slang and colloquial phrases used in Hong Kong, including taboo language not hitherto included in any dictionary. The aim is to allow diverse groups of people interested in Hong Kong society and culture access to an authoritative guide to non-standard Cantonese. It is Cantonese-English, arranged alphabetically according to a widely-used transcription system. The Dictionary provides concise definitions and examples of usage where appropriate. A character list enables readers unfamiliar with Chinese transcription systems to use the text.
Pages: 492Product dimensions: 8.90 (w) x 5.90 (h) x 1.20 (d)


text:
← Wild Rover Productions
(diff | hist) . . Jerry Bruckheimer; 05:58 . . (-5) . . 67.162.6.90 (talk) (→Personal life: Grammar) (Tags: Mobile edit, Mobile web edit)
(diff | hist) . . m National Lottery (United Kingdom); 20:23 . . (+83) . . Entranced98 (talk | contribs) (Reverted 1 edit by 82.27.168.57 (talk) to last revision by 87.114.125.229. (TW))
(diff | hist) . . National Lottery (United Kingdom); 17:09 . . (-83) . . 82.27.168.57 (talk) (→History)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wild_Rover_Productions"

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text:
Close to the Cervantes Theatre - Review of Hotel Del Pintor - TripAdvisor
Close to the Cervantes Theatre - Review of Hotel Del Pintor
TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, HostelWorld, Hotels.com, Cancelon, Hotwire, Travelocity, getaroom.com, Orbitz, TripOnline SA and Cheap Tickets so you can book your Hotel Del Pintor reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.

value: This website is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


text:
Personalized Unique Gifts - Peabody, MA | Groupon
5 Sanborn St, Peabody, MA 01960 5 Sanborn St, Peabody Directions
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5 Sanborn St,
Pick up a thoughtful and memorable gift from Personalized Unique Gifts in Peabody, MA, and treat your loved one to something nice.
Whether you're shopping for friends, family, or just yourself, Personalized Unique Gifts is a go-to spot in Peabody for everything from cards to gifts to odds and ends.
Drive to Personalized Unique Gifts and find parking in the area. At Personalized Unique Gifts in Peabody, you can be sure to find a gift that guarantees a smile from that special someone.
Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Personalized Unique Gifts.

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


text:
CSS Jobs, Employment in Washington, DC
CSS jobs in Washington, DC
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Expertise in HTML, CSS, Java, Java. This position is for a junior to mid level web developer in an Unix environment....
Sponsored by ADNET Systems, INC - 4 days ago
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Script, CSS, dynamic HTML, and Macromedia Flash. Q, our team members partner with our clients to develop digital solutions driven by our knowledge and...
View all agencyQ jobs in Washington, DC - Washington jobsSalary Search: Web Designer salaries in Washington, DCLearn more about working at AgencyqRelated forums: agencyQ - Washington, District of Columbia - Web Designer
Proficient with HTML, CSS, and HTML5 (preferred). This position has flexibility in hours and length....
View all Enlightened jobs in Washington, DC - Washington jobsSalary Search: Web Designer salaries in Washington, DCRelated forums: Washington, District of Columbia - Web Designer
Making web updates using HTML, JQuery and CSS. Understanding of web standards and ability to develop valid code in XHTML and CSS....
View all Sage Computing jobs in Reston, VA - Reston jobsSalary Search: Web Administrator Designer salaries in Reston, VALearn more about working at Sage ComputingRelated forums: Sage Computing Inc - Reston, Virginia
Web/Email Designer – Washington, DC Are you a designer who is curious about data? Equate Analytics is seeking a full-time employee to oversee branding,...
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What you’ll be doing We are looking for a mid-level interaction designer (IxD) with strong interests and expert capabilities in the design and development of...
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Minimum one year experience with CSS, especially mobile-optimized styling. The National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) is a political committee...
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Utilize HTML5, CSS and Javascript regularly. Develop and design web applications, web pages, mobile app and other products....
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text:
Everton's Ross Barkley punched in an 'unprovoked attack' | Daily Mail Online
Everton and England star Ross Barkley punched to the floor in an alleged 'unprovoked attack'
Three punches were thrown towards Ross Barkley in Liverpool on Sunday
CCTV shows Barkley stumbling to the floor at Santa Chupitos cocktail bar
The midfielder's agents confirmed the attack in a statement on Monday
He also trained as normal on Monday with his side despite the incident
READ: Bar member sacked after leaking CCTV film of Everton star Barkley
Published: 17:33 EDT, 10 April 2017 | Updated: 03:59 EDT, 12 April 2017
Ross Barkley was the victim of an 'unprovoked' attack in Liverpool city centre hours after he played a starring role in Everton's win over Leicester City.
CCTV footage emerged on Monday of the England star being punched in the face and knocked to the floor by another man late on Sunday. The pair had initially been in conversation.
Barkley was in Santa Chupitos, a cocktail bar on Slater Street, relaxing with friends after the 4-2 win at Goodison Park. The 23-year-old midfielder had created Everton's second goal for Romelu Lukaku.
Everton and England midfielder Barkley represented his club just hours before the incident
Ronald Koeman issues Everton star Ross Barkley an ultimatum:... Everton 4-2 Leicester: Romelu Lukaku at the double as Ronald... Manchester United star Paul Pogba eats cake and watches... Ex-Everton player Phil Neville says he 'hates' those who do...
BARKLEY PREVIOUSLY 'THREATENED BY GANGSTER'
Back in April 2014, Ross Barkley was allegedly threatened on Twitter by a convicted drug dealer and known gangster in a row over a girl.
Sam Walker sent a sinister message to a then 20-year-old Barkley saying: 'Inbox me a number for you ya little rat! You no wot this is about, so don't play stupid or your footie career will come to an end.'
The message is thought to have been sent after Barkley's ex-girlfriend started dating Walker.
Barkley was previously 'threatened' by Sam Walker (pictured). There is no suggestion he was involved in Sunday's altercation
The blow to Barkley's head was so powerful that it sent him tumbling backwards on to the floor. His attacker attempted to swing two more punches towards Barkley while he was wrestled away.
Barkley remained conscious and reported for training at Everton's Finch Farm base with swelling on his face for a routine warm-down session overseen by Ronald Koeman.
There is no suggestion that Barkley broke club rules by being out so late. Nor is it claimed he had drunk too much alcohol.
The incident occurred at Santa Chupitos cocktail bar in the Ropewalks area of Liverpool
Santa Chupitos, which is located on Slater Street, closes at 3am on Sundays
Everton do not impose a curfew on their squad after they have played games and Barkley will be considered for selection against Burnley on Saturday.
A statement released by Barkley's agents Wasserman Media Group said: 'Ross was the victim of an unprovoked attack by a stranger who approached him.'
However, Barkey's choice of venue was questionable for such a high-profile individual. Slater Street is in the Ropewalks area of Liverpool and is lined with pubs and bars. Santa Chupitos bills itself as a 'cocktail emporium'.
The bar situated in Liverpool 'is on the corner of cobbled streets in the Ropewalks area'
Barkley (left) pictured on another night out in the company of friends
Everton and Liverpool players tend to give the city centre a wide berth, such is the scrutiny they face and lack of privacy given to them.
Everton declined to comment last night, while Merseyside Police are reviewing footage of the incident before deciding what action to take because no official complaint has been made.
Santa Chupitos said they had sacked the person responsible for leaking the footage.
After Everton's win against Leicester, Koeman said Barkley — who has 12 months left on his contract — would be sold this summer if he does not sign a new contract.
Barkley dribbles with the ball during Sunday's clash with Leicester at Goodison Park
Everton's Ronald Koeman has said Barkley may leave in the summer if he doesn't sign new deal
Heavy Kid ¿¿ on Twitter: "Barkley getting bingoed https://t.co/t8LGSiLMYU"


text:
Man From Antlers Finfs Gold Nuget | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAntiquesArtBabyBooksBusiness & IndustrialCameras & PhotoCell Phones & AccessoriesClothing, Shoes & AccessoriesCoins & Paper MoneyCollectiblesComputers/Tablets & NetworkingConsumer ElectronicsCraftsDolls & BearsDVDs & MovieseBay MotorsEntertainment MemorabiliaGift Cards & CouponsHealth & BeautyHome & GardenJewelry & WatchesMusicMusical Instruments & GearPet SuppliesPottery & GlassReal EstateSpecialty ServicesSporting GoodsSports Mem, Cards & Fan ShopStampsTickets & ExperiencesToys & HobbiesTravelVideo Games & ConsolesEverything ElseAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi -User-!'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsGift CardsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch listWish listAll listsPurchase historySellingMy CollectionsFollowed searchesMessagesNotification Refine your search for Man From Antlers Finfs Gold Nuget
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Words containing glawt | Words that contain glawt
Words containing glawt | Words that contain glawt http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-glawtPrinter Friendly
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Words containing glawt
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9 letter words containing glawtSee also9 letter words containing glawtbuglawtonSee also:5-letter wordsWords that start with kWords that start with vWords that start with tWords that start with iWords that end in iWords containing glawWords containing glawto

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text:
Patent US7460412 - Flash memory device and erasing method thereof - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Advanced Patent Search | Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method of post-programming a flash memory device includes the steps of: post-programming memory cells of a selected word line in a predetermined unit; determining, after incrementing an address for selecting the next word line, whether the incremented address matches one of reference addresses; and...http://www.google.com/patents/US7460412?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7460412 - Flash memory device and erasing method thereofPublication numberUS7460412 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/617,939Publication dateDec 2, 2008Filing dateDec 29, 2006Priority dateJul 31, 2006Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20080049493Publication number11617939, 617939, US 7460412 B2, US 7460412B2, US-B2-7460412, US7460412 B2, US7460412B2InventorsDoo-Sub Lee, Jong-In ChoiOriginal AssigneeSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (14), Referenced by (1), Classifications (16), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetFlash memory device and erasing method thereofUS 7460412 B2Abstract A method of post-programming a flash memory device includes the steps of: post-programming memory cells of a selected word line in a predetermined unit; determining, after incrementing an address for selecting the next word line, whether the incremented address matches one of reference addresses; and varying the post-programming unit of the selected memory cells whenever the incremented address matches one of reference addresses.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 517 119 of Korean Patent Application No. 2006-72193 filed on Jun. 7, 2006, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND The present disclosure relates to semiconductor memory devices and, more particularly, to flash memory devices.
Various ways of erasing data in a NOR flash memory device are proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,781,477 entitled �FLASH MEMORY SYSTEM HAVING FAST ERASE OPERATION�, U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,935 entitled �ERASURE OF EEPROM MEMORY ARRAYS TO PREVENT OVER-ERASED-CELLS�, U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,533 entitled �METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING OVERERASURE IN A FLASH CELL�, U.S. Pat. No. 5,513,193 entitled �NON-VOLATILE SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICE CAPABLE OF CHECKING THE THRESHOLD VALUE OF MEMORY CELLS�, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,805,501 entitled �FLASH MEMORY DEVICE WITH MULTIPLE CHECKPOINT ERASE SUSPEND LOGIC�, all of which are incorporated by reference in this application.
All memory cells included in a selected sector of a NOR memory device, as shown in FIG. 1, are erased in the sequence of pre-programming, erasing, and post-programming (or over-erasure curing) operations. During the pre-programming operation, the memory cells are programmed in the condition that; sources and bulk are supplied with predetermined voltages, for example, 0V and −1V, respectively; control gates are supplied with a high voltage, for example, a step voltage 2�8V; and drains are supplied with a positive voltage, for example, 4.2V, to induce hot electrons. According to this bias condition, a sufficient amount of negative charges are accumulated in floating gates of the memory cells, making the floating gates charged with negative potential. This programmed memory cell is referred to as �off-cell�. The programmed memory cells have threshold voltages located in the territory of target threshold voltages corresponding to off-cells.
The pre-programmed memory cells are erased by means of the F-N tunneling scheme. According to the F-N tunneling scheme, a negative voltage, for example, −9V, is applied to the control gates of the cells and a voltage sufficient to cause the effect of F-N tunneling is applied to a semiconductor substrate of the device. During this time, the sources and drains are maintained in floating states. This erasing scheme is referred to as the negative gated bulk erase (NGBE) mode. During the NGBE mode, a strong electric field of about 6�7 MV/cm is formed between the control gate and the semiconductor substrate, inducing the F-N tunneling effect. As a result of the NGBE mode, negative charges accumulated in the floating gate are discharged into the bulk, that is, into the semiconductor substrate, through an insulation film of about 100 Å thickness. An EEPROM cell erased in this manner is referred to as an �on-cell�. Erased memory cells have threshold voltages located in the territory of the target threshold voltages corresponding to on-cells.
After conducting the NGBE mode, it is checked whether the erased memory cells are located in the range of target threshold voltages in correspondence with the on-cells. In general, there are memory cells having threshold voltages lower than the minimum value of the target threshold voltages range, even after all memory cells have been erased at the same time. A memory cell with such a lower threshold voltage is referred to as an �over-erased memory cell�. These over-erased memory cells may be cured by means of the post-programming (over-erased curing or erasure repairing) operation. As a result, threshold voltages of the over-erased memory cells can be distributed within the territory of target threshold voltages in correspondence with the on-cells.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are directed to provide a flash memory device capable of shortening the whole erasing time and to provide a post-programming method thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be understood in more detail from the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the attached drawings. In the figures:
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, showing a flash memory device as an exemplary embodiment for illustrating structural and operational features. The present invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be constructed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the accompanying figures.
The row address generator 130 is configured to generate the row addresses XA in response to the count-up pulse signal X_CNT_UP output from the column address generator 150 during the post-programming operation. Namely, the row address generator 130 increases a row address by a predetermined value (for example, �1�) when the count-up pulse signal X_CNT_UP is generated from the column address generator 150. The row address generator 130 includes a register 131 formed to store address information. The address information stored in the register 131 may contain row address information (or reference address information) to select at least two rows from among the rows of the memory cell array 100. But, the address information to be stored in the register 131 may also include information to select a larger number of rows, that is, more than the two rows. Row addresses stored in the register 131 may be ranked continuously or discontinuously to each other. For example, assuming that the memory cell array 100 includes 512 rows, row addresses to select the 255'th and the 388'th rows may be stored in the register 131. The register 131 may be implemented by means of nonvolatile memory elements (for example, fuses, transistors, and so on) or volatile memory elements (for example, latches). When the register 131 is formed of volatile memory elements (for example, latches), it may store externally provided address information at the time of power-up, or address information read out from the memory cell array 100. The row address generator 130 may be configured, during the post-programming operation, to generate the flag information F4816 whenever a current address XA matches with an address stored in the register 131. The flag information F4816 corresponds to information that means a set of columns or bit lines is selected from �4, �8, and �16, which will be described in detail hereinbelow.
Also in FIG. 3, the selection circuit 170 generates selection signals Gi_SEL (i=0�3) in response to the flag information F4816 output from the row address generator 130 and the counted value CNT of program cycle number output from the column address generator 150. For instance, when the flag information F4816 indicates that a set of columns/bit lines is selected in �4, the selection circuit 170 sequentially activates the selection signals Gi_SEL in accordance with the counted value CNT. When the flag information F4816 indicates that a set of columns/bit lines is selected in �8, the selection circuit 170 sequentially activates pairs of the selection signals Gi_SEL in accordance with the counted value CNT. When the flag information F4816 indicates that a set of columns/bit lines is selected in �16, the selection circuit 170 activates all the selection signals Gi_SEL at the same time in accordance with the counted value CNT. A write driver circuit 180 operates in response to the selection signal Gi_SEL, driving bit lines, which are selected by the column decoder 140, with a bit line voltage VBL provided from a bit line voltage generator 190. The write driver circuit 180 is composed of plural write drivers, for example, 16 write drivers WD0�WD15. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the write drivers WD0�WD15 are divided into four groups GWD0�GWD3. The write driver groups GWD0�GWD3 are each controlled by their corresponding selection signals G0_SEL�G3_SEL. For instance, when one of the selection signals Gi_SEL (i=0�3) is activated, the four write drivers belonging to one of the four groups GWD0�GWD3 is enabled. This means that four memory cells are post-programmed at the same time.
Referring to FIG. 5, the column address generator 150 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is comprised of a 2-bit counter 152 and an N-bit counter 154. The 2-bit counter 152 conducts a counting operation in response to a program execution signal PGM_EXE output from the control logic block 160 of FIG. 3. The counting operation is controlled by the flag information G4816. For instance, when the flag information F4816 indicates that a set of columns/bit lines is selected in �4, the counted value CNT of the 2-bit counter 152 is sequentially incremented in the order of �00�, �01�, �10�, and �11� in sync with transition of the program execution signal PGM_EXE. When the flag information F4816 indicates that a set of columns/bit lines is selected in �8, the counted value CNT of the 2-bit counter 152 is sequentially incremented in the order of �0x� and �1x� (x: don't care) in sync with transition of the program execution signal PGM_EXE. Namely, only the higher bit is changed. As also, the 2-bit counter 152 outputs a pulse whenever there is generated a carry. When the flag information F4816 indicates that a set of columns/bit lines is selected in �16, the 2-bit counter 152 outputs a pulse whenever the program execution signal PGM_EXE is activated (or whenever a carry is generated therein).
The selection circuit 170 generates the selection signals Gi_SEL (i=0�3) in response to the counted value CNT of the 2-bit counter 152 and the flag information F4816. When the flag information F4816 indicates that a set of columns/bit lines is selected in �4, the selection circuit 170 activates one of the selection signals Gi_SEL (i=0, 1, 2, or 3) in accordance with the counted value CNT. For example, when the counter value CNT is �00�, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signal G0_SEL to enable the write driver group GWD0. The write drivers WD0�WD3 of the write driver group GWD0 are set in a program value (for example, �1�) by the selection signal G0_SEL. At the same time, the write drivers WD4�WD15 of the rest of the groups GWD1�GWD3 are set in a program-inhibit value (for example, �0�) by the inactive selection signals G1_SEL�G3_SEL. When the counter value CNT is �01�, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signal G1_SEL to enable the write driver group GWD1. The write drivers WD4�WD7 of the write driver group GWD1 are set in a program value (for example, �1�) by the selection signal G1_SEL. At the same time, the write drivers WD0�WD3 and WD8�WD15 of the rest of the groups GWD0, GWD2, and GWD3 are set in a program-inhibit value (for example, �0�) by the inactive selection signals G0_SEL, G2_SEL, and G3_SEL. Along with increments of the counted value CNT, the rest of the write driver groups will be selected in the same manner as described above. Thus, when the flag information G4816 informs that columns/bit lines are selected in the unit or set of �4, four memory cells are simultaneously post-programmed.
When the flag information F4816 indicates that a set of columns/bit lines is selected in �8, the selection circuit 170 partially activates the selection signals Gi_SEL at the same time in accordance with the counted value CNT. For example, when the counter value CNT is �0x�, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signals G0_SEL and G1_SEL, at the same time, to enable the write driver groups GWD0 and GWD1. The write drivers WD0�WD7 of the write driver groups GWD0 and GWD1 are set in a program value (for example, �1�) by the selection signals G0_SEL and G1_SEL. At the same time, the write drivers WD8�WD15 of the rest of the groups GWD2 and GWD3 are set in a program-inhibit value (for example, �0�) by the inactive selection signals G1_SEL�G3_SEL. When the counter value CNT is �1x�, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signals G2_SEL and G3_SEL, at the same time, to enable the write driver groups GWD2 and GWD3. The write drivers WD8�WD15 of the write driver groups GWD2 and GWD3 are set in a program value (for example, �1�) by the selection signals G2_SEL and G3_SEL. At the same time, the write drivers WD0�WD7 of the rest of the groups GWD0 and GWD1 are set in a program-inhibit value (for example, �0�) by the inactive selection signals G0_SEL�G1_SEL. Thus, when the flag information G4816 informs that, columns/bit lines are selected in the unit, or set of �8, eight memory cells are simultaneously post-programmed.
As the last case, when the flag information F4816 indicates that a set of columns/bit lines is selected in �16, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signals Gi_SEL at the same time every activation of the program execution signal PGM_EXE. In other words, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signals G0_SEL�G3_SEL at the same time whenever the 2-bit counter 152 generates a carry or a pulse. This means that the write drivers WD0�WD15 are all set in a program value (for example, �1�). Thus, when the flag information G4816 informs that columns/bit lines are selected in the unit or set of �16, 16 memory cells are simultaneously post-programmed.
As described above, memory cells of the memory cell array 100 are erased in the sequence of the pre-programming, erasing, and post-programming operations. The pre-programming and erasing operations are well known by those skilled in the art, so they will not be described in detail. Prior to the explanation of the post-programming operation, it is assumed that the memory cell array 100 is comprised of 512 word lines/rows WL0�WL511 and 2048 bit lines/columns BL0�BL2047; the register 131 of the row address generator 130 stores row addresses to select the 255'th and 383'th word lines; and the column decoder 140 selects the columns in the unit or set of �16. It will be understood that this assumption about the configuration is just an example, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
At the beginning of the post-programming operation, the row and column address generators, 130 and 150, are first initialized under regulation of the control logic block 160. This means that the row and column addresses, XA and YA, are set to �0�. Then, in the row decoder 110 a row/word line WL0 in response to the row address XA and the column decoder 140 selects 16 bit lines in response to the column address YA. The row decoder 110 drives the selected word line with the word line voltage VWL generated from the word line voltage generator 120. According to generation of the row address XA to select a first word line, the row address generator 130 outputs the flag information F4816. Then, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signal G0_SEL in response to the counted value CNT:00 of the 2-bit counter 152, which activates the write driver group GWD0 and inactivates the other write driver groups GWD1�GWD3. As stated above, the write driver group GWD0 is set in the program value (for example, �1�) by activation of the selection signal G0_SEL while the rest of the write driver groups GWD1�GWD3 are set in the program-inhibit value (e.g., �0�) by inactivation of the selection signals G1_SEL�G3_SEL.
The write drivers WD0�WD3 set in the program value drive their corresponding bit lines (for example, BL0�BL3) with the bit line voltage VBL provided from the bit line voltage generator 190. Otherwise, the write drivers WD4�WD5 set in the program-inhibit value drive their corresponding bit lines (for example, BL4�BL15) with a ground voltage. While 16 bit lines are selected by the column decoder 140, only four bit lines are driven in the bit line voltage VBL by their write drivers corresponding to the activated selection signal. Under this bias condition for a predetermined time, memory cells coupled to the bit lines driven with the bit line voltage VBL are post-programmed.
After a predetermined time under the aforementioned bias condition, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the control logic block 160 activates the program execution signal PGM_EXE. The 2-bit counter 152 of the column address generator 150 begins its count-up operation in response to activation (low-to-high or high-to-low) of the program execution signal PGM_EXE, changing the counted value CNT from �00� to �01�. During this time, as there is no carry, as shown in FIG. 6, the output YA of the N-bit counter 154 does not change. Further, as there is no generation of the count-up pulse signal X_CNT_UP, the row address XA does not change either.
According to the change of the counted value CNT to �01�, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signal G1_SEL. Thus, the next write driver group GWD1 is enabled for operation. As described above, only four bit lines among the 16 bit lines selected by the column decoder 140 are driven with the bit line voltage VBL by the activated write drivers. Under this bias condition for a predetermined time, memory cells coupled to the bit lines driven with the bit line voltage VBL are post-programmed. After a predetermined time under the aforementioned bias condition, the control logic block 160 activates the program execution signal PGM_EXE. The 2-bit counter 152 of the column address generator 150 begins its count-up operation in response to activation (low-to-high or high-to-low) of the program execution signal PGM_EXE, changing the counted value CNT from �01� to �10�. During this, as there is no carry, as shown in FIG. 6, the output YA of the N-bit counter 154 does not change. Further, as there is no generation of the count-up pulse signal X_CNT_UP, the row address XA also does not change.
According to the change of the counted value CNT to �10�, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signal G2_SEL. Thus, the next write driver group GWD2 is enabled for operation. As aforementioned, only four bit lines among the 16 bit lines selected by the column decoder 140 are driven with the bit line voltage VBL by the activated write drivers. Under this bias condition for a predetermined time, memory cells coupled to the bit lines driven with the bit line voltage VBL are post-programmed. After a predetermined time under the aforementioned bias condition, the control logic block 160 activates the program execution signal PGM_EXE. The 2-bit counter 152 of the column address generator 150 begins its count-up operation in response to activation (low-to-high or high-to-low) of the program execution signal PGM_EXE, changing the counted value CNT from �10� to �11�. During this time, as there is no carry, as shown in FIG. 6, the output YA of the N-bit counter 154 does not change. Further, as there is no generation of the count-up pulse signal X_CNT_UP, the row address XA also does not change.
According to the change of the counted value CNT to �11�, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signal G3_SEL. Thus, the next write driver group GWD3 is enabled for operation. As aforementioned, only four bit lines among the 16 bit lines selected by the column decoder 140 are driven with the bit line voltage VBL by the activated write drivers. Under this bias condition for a predetermined time, memory cells coupled to the bit lines driven with the bit line voltage VBL are post-programmed
After a predetermined time under the aforementioned bias condition, the control logic block 160 activates the program execution signal PGM_EXE. The 2-bit counter 152 of the column address generator 150 begins its count-up operation in response to activation (low-to-high or high-to-low) of the program execution signal PGM_EXE, changing the counted value CNT from �11� to �00�. During this, as a carry is generated, as shown in FIG, 6, the output YA of the N-bit counter 154 is counted up to select the next bit line group (that is, 16 bit lines). The 16 bit lines are selected by the counted-up column address YA. The selected bit lines are driven in the same manner with the aforementioned. Namely, the bit lines are driven with the bit line voltage VBL in the unit of �4.
If the memory cells coupled to the selected row WL0 are all post-programmed by way of the aforementioned scheme, or when there is generated a carry from the N-bit counter 154, the count-up pulse signal X_CNT_P is generated to increment the row address XA by �1�. The row decoder 110 selects the next row/word line WL1 in response to the incremented row address XA. After that, memory cells coupled to the selected row WL1 are post-programmed in the same manner described above, so it will not be described further.
As the flag information F4816 indicates that columns are selected in the unit of �8, the 2-bit counter 152 increments the higher bit by �1� in response to transition of the program execution signal PGM_EXE. The selection circuit 170 partially activates the selection signals Gi_SEL at the same time in accordance with the counted value CNT. For example, when the counter value CNT of the 2-bit counter 152 is �0x�, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signals G0_SEL and G1_SEL at the same time. This means that eight bit lines of the selected bit lines are driven with the bit line voltage VBL at the same time. After post-programming the memory cells coupled to the bit lines driven with the bit line voltage VBL, the control logic block 160 activates the program execution signal PGM_EXE. The 2-bit counter 152 of the column address generator 150 begins its count-up operation in response to activation (low-to-high or high-to-low) of the program execution signal PGM_EXE, changing the counted value CNT from �0x� to �1x�. During this time, because there is no carry from the 2-bit counter 152, as shown in FIG. 6, the output YA of the N-bit counter 154 does not change. Further, as there is no generation of the count-up pulse signal X_CNT_UP, the row address XA also does not change.
According to the change of the counted value CNT to �1x�, the selection circuit 170 activates the selection signals G2_SEL and G3_SEL at the same time. This means that eight bit lines among the selected bit lines are driven with the bit line voltage VBL at the same time. After post-programming the memory cells coupled to the bit lines driven with the bit line voltage VBL, the control logic block 160 activates the program execution signal PGM_EXE. The 2-bit counter 152 of the column address generator 150 begins its count-up operation in response to activation (low-to-high or high-to-low) of the program execution signal PGM_EXE, changing the counted value CNT from �1x� to �0x�. During this time, as a carry is generated from the 2-bit counter 152, as shown in FIG. 6, the output YA of the N-bit counter 154 is counted up to select the next bit Sine group (that is, 16 bit lines). The 16 bit lines are selected by the counted-up column address YA. The selected bit lines are driven in the same manner described above. Namely, the bit lines are driven with the bit line voltage VBL in the unit of �8.
If the memory cells coupled to the selected row are all post-programmed by way of the above-described scheme, or when there is generated a carry from the N-bit counter 154, the count-up pulse signal X_CNT_P is generated to increment the row address XA by �1�. The row decoder 110 selects the next row/word line in response to the incremented row address XA. After that, memory cells coupled to the selected row are 3post-programmed in the unit of �8 by the same manner described above, so it will not be further described If the incremented row address XA matches with a row address (for example, a row address of the 384'th word line) stored in the register 131 of the row address generator 130, the row address generator 130 outputs the flag information G4816 informing that the columns are selected in the unit or set of �16.
As the flag information F4816 indicates that columns are selected in the unit of �16, the 2-bit counter 152 generates a carry every transition of the program execution signal PGM_EXE. The 2-bit counter 152 increments the higher bit by �1� in response to transition of the program execution signal PGM_EXE. The selection circuit 170 activates the selection signals G0_SEL�G3_GEL at the same time. This means that all of the selected bit lines are driven with the bit line voltage VBL at the same time. After post-programming the memory cells coupled to the bit lines driven with the bit line voltage VBL, the control logic block 160 activates the program execution signal PGM_EXE. Thereafter, the column address YA is incremented by the same manner with the aforementioned and memory cells coupled to selected bit lines (that is, 16 bit lines) are post-programmed at a time. Post-programming operations for memory cells coupled to the rest of the rows are carried out in the same manner described above, so they will not be further described.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6529413Sep 13, 2001Mar 4, 2003Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method for preventing over-erasing of memory cells and flash memory device using the sameUS6560143Dec 28, 2001May 6, 2003Sandisk CorporationMethod and structure for efficient data verification operation for non-volatile memoriesUS6724662Sep 4, 2002Apr 20, 2004Atmel CorporationMethod of recovering overerased bits in a memory deviceUS7142640Mar 31, 2004Nov 28, 2006Sbc Knowledge Ventures, L.P.Method and system of remotely restoring communication linesUS20010010647 *Feb 27, 1998Aug 2, 2001Frankie Fariborz RoohparvarSoft programming for recovery of overerasureJPH0845284A Title not availableJPH07282600A Title not availableJPH08255489A Title not availableKR100257854B1 Title not availableKR100449268B1 Title not availableKR20010003410A Title not availableKR20010061470A Title not availableKR20020047772A Title not availableKR20060055698A Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7924587 *Feb 19, 2009Apr 12, 2011Anobit Technologies Ltd.Programming of analog memory cells using a single programming pulse per state transition* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification365/185.3, 365/236, 365/239, 365/185.23, 365/185.22International ClassificationG11C16/04, G11C11/34, G11C8/00Cooperative ClassificationG11C16/3409, G11C16/0416, G11C16/3477, G11C16/3404European ClassificationG11C16/34V6F, G11C16/34C2, G11C16/34C, G11C16/04F1Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 25, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 29, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., KOREA, REPUBLIC OFFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LEE, DOO-SUB;CHOI, JONG-IN;REEL/FRAME:018693/0454Effective date: 20061221RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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Argentina vs Georgia RWC 2015 team news, fixture kick-off time, where to watch on TV and more | Daily Mail Online
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Argentina vs Georgia Rugby World Cup 2015 team news, fixture kick-off time and more
Argentina face Georgia in their Rugby World Cup on Thursday
Sides have met at previous two World Cups, Argentina winning both times
Georgia beat Tonga in first game, Argentina lost narrowly to New Zealand
Rugby World Cup 2015: CLICK HERE for all the latest RWC news
Published: 19:26 EDT, 24 September 2015 | Updated: 20:30 EDT, 24 September 2015
Argentina will look to bounce back from a narrow defeat by reigning champions New Zealand and pick up their first win of the Rugby World Cup on Friday afternoon.
But the Pumas, who impressed despite their loss against the All Blacks, will not have it all their way against Georgia.
The minnows won against Tonga in their opening game, and will be confident going into a game which could now determine who gets the second quarter-final spot behind New Zealand.
You can watch the match live on ITV 4. Coverage starts at 4.15pm with kick-off at 4.45pm.
Argentina led for long periods against New Zealand but fell short against the reigning world champions
Wales coach Warren Gatland answers Sir Clive Woodward's... Stuart Lancaster's England team selection for Wales game... Wales boss Warren Gatland promises his side will 'go out to... Japan bring in record viewing figures for Scotland defeat as...
After their win against Tonga, Georgia have named the exact same line-up, with captain Mamuka Gorgodze set to lead the way again from the back row.
Argentina are keeping faith with the majority of the team which almost beat the world champions, but Daniel Hourcade has made three changes to his pack.
Try-scorer Guido Petti, who injured himself in the act of scoring, is replaced by Matias Alemanno, while Jan Manuel Leguizamon and Fecundo Isa come in for Pablo Mater and Leonardo Senatore in the back row.
Georgia captain Mamuka Gorgodze will lead an unchanged side after his team beat Tonga in their first game
SCOTLAND VS JAPAN LINE-UPS AHEAD OF POOL B ENCOUNTER
Argentina XV: Tuculet; Cordero, Bosch, Hernandez, Imhoff; Sanchez, Cubelli; Ayerza, Creevy, Chaparro, Alemanno, Lavanini, Leguizamon, Fernandez Lobbe, Isa
Replacements:Montoya, Noguera, Herrera, Desio, Matera, Landajo, De La Fuente, Amorosino
Georgia XV: Kvirikashvili; Mchedlidze, Kacharava, Sharikadze, Aptsiauri; Malaguradze, Lobzhanidze; Nariashvili, Bregvadze, Zirakashvili, Nemsadze, Mikautadze, Tkhilaishvil, Kolelishvili, Gorgodze
Replacements: Mamukashvili, Asieshvili, Chilachava, Datunashvili, Sutiashvili, Begadze, Pruidze, Giorgadze
These two sides have met at each of the last two Rugby World Cups, with Argentina winning on both occasions.
Georgia, who beat Tonga in their first game, have never won consecutive Rugby World Cup matches.
The Pumas won 17 out of 18 set pieces (seven line-outs, 10 scrums) where they had the ball to begin with against New Zealand.
Georgia's 201 tackles in their win over Tonga is the most by any team in the Rugby World Cup since 2007, when France beat New Zealand.
Argentina vs Georgia RWC 2015 team news, fixture kick-off time, where to watch on TV and more
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Barcelona consider possibility of signing Richarlison as they prepare to test Everton’s resolve over...
Tottenham boss Mauricio Pochettino expects a fight against Manchester City as his side prepare to spend...
'Lots of mistakes': Jose Mourinho criticises Manchester United's 'awful' defending in Champions League quarter-final defeat by Barcelona
'We are not tired': Liverpool boss Jurgen Klopp warns Manchester City his side are raring to go as they battle for domestic and European glory
Pep Guardiola wants Manchester City players to harness Champions League pain and 'get what they deserve' ahead of Tottenham clash
They stunned Inter Milan and Benfica, have one of Europe’s hottest strikers leading the line and the craziest fans in Germany: Why Frankfurt can spring a surprise against Chelsea in Europa League semi-final
Liverpool's defensive transformation: Forget the front three... Jurgen Klopp's title charge is built on a back line posting incredible numbers as Virgil van Dijk, Andy Robertson and Trent Alexander-Arnold lead the way
'Any player who wants to leave, can leave': Diego Simeone lays down the law for striker Diego Costa as controversial star returns to Atletico Madrid duty following refusal to train
Virgil van Dijk, Mo Salah and Liverpool squad set to work in the sunshine at Melwood ahead of trip to Cardiff
Aaron Ramsey set to play for Arsenal again with Europa League final the target for return ahead of Juve move
Leeds 1-2 Wigan: Gavin Massey bags a brace as Marcelo Bielsa's men's promotion bid suffers huge blow against 10-man Latics