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Koe Trebinje | Booking.com
Valitse seuraavan matkasi kohteeksi Trebinje! vanhatkaupungit, ystävälliset ihmiset ja viinit odottavat.
1 381 hotelliarviota
3 005 arviota loma-asunnoista
Core area of Trebinje on matkailijoiden suosiossa muun muassa teemojen vanhatkaupungit, viinit ja paikallinen ruoka ansiosta.
”Very friendly staff, feels like home. Everything new, clean and taken care of. Quiet location but only 5 minutes walk to the central square where the all things are happening.”
Hiljattain remontoitu Hotel Viv sijaitsee rehevässä ympäristössä Trebinjen keskustassa. Se tarjoaa upean näköalan vanhaankaupunkiin, ylellistä majoitusta ja kaikki tarvittavat mukavuudet.
”sijainti ja asiakasystävällinen”
Hotel Platani sijaitsee 1900-luvun alkupuolelta peräisin olevassa kunnostetussa rakennuksessa Trebinjen keskustassa.
”Henkilökunta oli erittäin palvelualtista ja matkalaukut otettiin jo ovelta ja kannettiin huoneeseen - hymyilevää & nopeaa ja asiakaslähtöistä palvelua. Ja peitot sängyissä olivat parhaat ikinä! :)”
”This was a bit of a surprise. An extremely pleasant place to stay. A brand new, well designed, immaculate, hotel with really helpful staff and good food. Really, it was faultless.”
”Staff is very kind and helpfull, room is clean, food is great. This is the best hotel in Trebinje right now.”
Set in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik, Sesto Senso features free WiFi access and free private parking.
”Breakfast was great Dinner the evening before, great and as a group of mature Irish holidaymakers sing song in the restaurant was fantastic. Thank you to the management for the food, wine and craic. Will certainly have a return visit”
”Polute and kindly staff and very nice location.”
”Room consisted of 2 separate rooms, really spacious and comfortable. Shower is also very nice. Location is convenient as well, about 10 minutes walk from Old Town.”
Apartmani Andrić is situated in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. Cavtat is 18 km from the property. Free private parking is available on site. The accommodation has a seating area.
”EXCELLENT HOTEL 8.5/10 A SAFE BOX IN THE ROOM AND A BAR WOULD BE " A PLUS"”
Located in Trebinje, Apartment Maša offers self-catering accommodation with free WiFi. The property is 21 km from Dubrovnik and free private parking is provided.
”Everything was beyond expectations! Great value for money, great hosts, great facilities...”
”Brand new, well designed, modern, clean rooms, bathroom, everything spotlessly clean. Great staff, cozy garden, plenty of free parking space, great value for money. Restaurant offers good food, great vines from Vukoje vinejard.”
”Very good location, friendly stuff.”
Featuring free WiFi and a sun terrace, Hostel The Red Door offers accommodation in Trebinje. Free private parking is available on site. Some units include a seating area where you can relax.
”I was lucky to arrive in the empty new hostel, to meet the host of the place Nikola. He is an amazing personality and maybe the happiest Bosnians I've come across during my trip. The linen is clean, four-bed rooms have a balcony with a few chairs. I think the strict difference between hostel and hotel is not followed here ;) The shower is perfect (one more time, everything is very new). The bonus for German-speaking people: Nikola speaks it as a native language. And trust him in terms of free transfer from and to the bus station - this is really free of charge. The hostel is at 12 minutes walk from the famous Ottoman bridge, it takes 20 minutes to get the Old town of the city. Ask about local wines - they are the best in the country. For those who like workout - the gym is just round the corner (5-7 minutes walk) and daily pass costs €1 (!). Nothing compared to Sarajevo.”
”The guesthouse is placed in a beautiful and very relaxing place in the countryside near the city center. The host is very friendly and offer all the facilities to spend some relaxing time! The guesthouse is "simply" perfect!”
”The apartments are beautiful, well furnished, well organized and completely new. The home is just 5 min. by foot from the city center, located in a very quite area and the inner garden is very relaxing. There is also a private parking lot inside the garden which is very comfortable.”
Oasis Apartment offers accommodation in Trebinje. Oasis Apartment boasts views of the city and is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free WiFi is provided throughout the property.
”Everything! Location, comfort, price & Tanya goes out of her way to help with anything!”
Featuring free WiFi, Jazina Club offers pet-friendly accommodation in Trebinje, 33 km from Dubrovnik.
”Hotel Jazina is a hidden gem! The location is absolutely stunning and the hotel well appointed. It is very clean with a great bed. Good value for money. We arrived later than expected (Note: the border crossing at Nudo is for locals only!), but they were waiting with a smile. There is an excellent restaurant on site. We ate there a few times and it was always good. One day it rained heavily and the staff kindly drove us to Trebinje for a look around (we were only travelling by bicycle). All in all we felt welcome and enjoyed thoroughly!”
Offering a garden, Apartments Lovori-Lorbe is set in Trebinje. Dubrovnik is 22 km from the property. Free private parking is available on site. The accommodation is air conditioned and has a cable TV....
”Excellent host very friendly very hospitable superb rooms very clean feels like being at home.”
”Had a huge double room with balcony looking over the mountains, which was awesome -- as were the homemade pancakes in the morning. Ended up staying an extra night, and the owners make different types of pancakes every day. Sweet! Friendly, homey atmosphere as its run by two backpackers who like to talk travel and have some great recommendations. Right in the center of town, so everything is walking distance (including the bus station). The perfect place to just chill out and enjoy being in the Balkans 🙂”
Set in Trebinje, City Apartments features a garden and barbecue. Dubrovnik is 20 km from the property. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
”Nice and clean place to stay. Just 1 km from the center.”
”Here apartments are looking great and hosts are like family:)”
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment is 21 km from Dubrovnik. The unit is 18 km from Cavtat. Free WiFi is provided throughout the property. The unit is equipped with a kitchen.
”Perfect price.Clean and quite place,very hospitable and kind people!”
”The apartment is located in the very center of the city and the hosts very very kind and helpful. Hope will come back to Trebinje soon! Thank you!!!”
”Everything was excellent! The staff is realy friendly, beds comfortable. We tried local food, so tasteful. We also had a welcome drink. Amazing view! At all, the best apartment I have ever been!!! Thank you Milojevic and see you again next year!!!”
Apartment M&L offers accommodation in Trebinje. Dubrovnik is 21 km from the property. Free WiFi is offered . Some units are air conditioned and include a seating area with a TV.
Apartment Tea offers accommodation in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. This apartment offers an outdoor pool and free WiFi. Free private parking is available on site.
”We liked the quiet location and the amazing view from the house very much. The owner was very hospitable, we felt very welcome. He immediately pointed out for us where to go. Great stay!”
”Hosts were extremely helpful and kind. Great value. Clean. Location is convenient when driving from Dubrovnik, Mostar or Sarajevo. Beautiful yard with kiwi tree as a canopy above. Trebinje is a beautiful city with unique culture. Worth a visit.”
Featuring free WiFi, Apartment Stari Grad is located in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. Cavtat is 18 km from the property.
”Great place in Dubrovnik for families with children: silence, beach, store are not far away, very kompletnie conditions.”
Offering a barbecue and views of the mountain, Apartments Ratkovic is located in Trebinje. Dubrovnik is 23 km from the property. Free WiFi is provided .
”Tarjolla oli eri aamiaisvaihtoehtoja, joista sai edellisenä iltana valita. Ihana emäntä, jolla oli hyvä englannin kielen taito!”
Situated in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik, Rooms M2 features free WiFi access and free private parking. Some rooms feature a seating area to relax in after a busy day.
”Perfect and nice place to stay at a more than convenient price”
Featuring free WiFi, Apartments Oki is located in Trebinje, 22 km from Dubrovnik. Cavtat is 18 km away. All units have a flat-screen TV with cable channels.
”The accomodation is modern, well equiped and nice. Andjelko and Jelena are very dedicated to their job: kind, extremely helpful, they came to pick up us on the bus station and we left our car for several days at their home during the trip to Dubrovnik. I m experienced traveller but never in my whole life I found such a great and hospitable guys. Staying at app. Jelena was the best travelling eperience I ever had. Thanks you guys!”
”Wonderful family place, Nikola and his family were extremely hospitable, nice and helpful souls. Nikola helped us with everything whether it be recommending restaurants, sightseeing and also accompanied us to the market as we wanted to buy honey. We also enjoyed tea and Bosnian coffee along with figs from their garden and a nice conversation with them. The studio is really clean and spacious, we spent wonderful time there and would love to visit the place again. We really enjoyed the company of his father. He is such a remarkable person, although he thinks that his English is not good but he was conversing well enough and had a good sense of humor and also knowledgeable. Thank you for everything!”
Apartment Andjela offers pet-friendly accommodation in Trebinje. The property is 20 km from Dubrovnik and free private parking is available. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
Situated in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features free WiFi. The unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. There is a seating area and a kitchen as well as a private bathroom.
”Great pillows, comfortable beds, very kind host”
M2 Apartment offers pet-friendly accommodation in Trebinje. Dubrovnik is 22 km away. Free WiFi is provided throughout the property. All units have a cable flat-screen TV.
”This is ABSOLUTELY the best. Everything, new apartment, wonderful hosts, great people around. SUPERB!”
Set in Trebinje, this apartment features free WiFi and a terrace. Guests benefit from balcony. Free private parking is available on site.
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a balcony. The property features views of the mountain is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
Set in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features free WiFi and a balcony. The unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. The unit is fitted with a kitchen.
Situated in Trebinje, Apartman Most offers self-catering accommodation with free WiFi. The property is 21 km from Dubrovnik and free private parking is featured.
Apartment Police offers accommodation in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. The air-conditioned unit is 18 km from Cavtat. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
Set in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features free WiFi and a balcony. The unit is 22 km from Dubrovnik. There is a seating area and a kitchenette.
”Sve je bilo savršeno. Everything was just perfect.”
”It is a realy big apartman for a good price. A family is very frendly.”
Apartment Djuzelovic offers accommodation in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik and 18 km from Cavtat. Guests benefit from balcony and a terrace. Free WiFi is provided throughout the property.
”Everything was really good. Excellent location, comfort apartment.”
”Apartment looks just like on the pictures,it is cosy, quiet, and clean place and has everything you need, including very helpful and very kind hosts. It's position is a bit far away from center, but aks hosts for shortcut and you will be at the centre at the moment :)”
”Beautiful - Everything was perfect. I recommend it to you!”
”Very nice and ready to help owners. Excellent hospitality. Very nice place to spend holiday.”
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a terrace and a garden with a barbecue. Apartment Ana-Marija boasts views of the mountain and is 23 km from Dubrovnik.
”Lovely house, friendly owners, just perfect!”
”It was a cold rainy day and the heaters worked well. It was good value for money.”
”The flat is very clean, beautiful and the host is friendly!”
”The owners are very friendly and helpful . The apartment is very comfortable, clean and equipped with everything. In addition , they offered some sweets , fruit, ice cream, etc.”
Located 21 km from Dubrovnik and 18 km from Cavtat, Apartment Nina offers accommodation in Trebinje. Apartment Nina boasts views of the river and is 47 km from Kotor.
”It was all perfect! The apartment was so clean. It was 5 start hotel standard clean. Really comfortable apartment. It was really comfortable.we feel it's our romantic home. They have everything you need in the apartment.the room was Bigger than we thought.and it looks even better than you see in the pictures.the location also great.only a few minute walk you will be the old twon area. The owner were so so so nice people.they even driving us to the hill church to see the whole city! And helped us booked a taxi to Dubrovnik with a really reasonable price.the experience was really good memory for us! We highly recommend apartment Nina. 非常推荐，物超所值。”
Apartment Gago offers accommodation in Trebinje. Guests benefit from balcony. The unit fitted with a kitchen with an oven and fridge. Towels and bed linen are available in this apartment.
Apartment and Rooms Centar offers accommodation in Trebinje. All rooms come with a TV. Some units feature views of the river or city.
”Last minute booking- fantastic central location, very cheap and very clean”
Situated in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features free WiFi and a balcony. Andjela Apartment boasts views of the mountain and is 21 km from Dubrovnik.
”Everything abot this place is excellent. Starting with the owner, the location and the facility itself. You are exactly in the middle of everything in Trebinje, the downtown, the old city, shopping, the bus station and the best bar in town - "Underground". If you want to stay in Trebinje, you should look no further that this appartment.”
Situated in Trebinje, 22 km from Dubrovnik, Guest House Konak kod Danke features free WiFi access and free private parking. A flat-screen TV with cable channels, as well as a computer are offered.
”Perfect attitude and very good service. Feeling like visiting your Grandma. You will get much more than in 5 star hotel”
”Hospitable welcome, privacy. The bed was really comfy.”
Offering a seasonal outdoor pool, barbecue and sun terrace, Nomad Camp&Hostel is located in Trebinje. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property and free private parking is available on site.
”It is a lovely brand-new apartment in a quiet neighborhood near the city center. It was nice to sit on the terrace of the room, looking at the gardens around and the mountains. The view was beautiful. There was no problem in hot water. The bed was comfortable. There was air conditioner in the room, but there was no need to use it as it was warm enough. The sheets, pillow and quilt covers were spotless and smelling nice. Overall cleanness was fine, as well. The lady (owner of the house?) was so nice and friendly. She couldn't speak English but we communicated without a problem. And it was a nice gesture of her to bring us coffee in the morning while we were having breakfast. There was a free parking place in front of the house. It is just 10 minutes walking distance away from the city center. And you are passing through a very nice street with a lot of houses with gardens, trees and plants. There are 2 big supermarkets nearby (5 minutes) where you can buy anything. We will definetely think about staying there if we go to Trebinje again.”
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a balcony. The property boasts views of the city is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free WiFi is provided throughout the property.
”Great deal, very nice and clean place.”
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a balcony. The unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free private parking is available on site.
”Very modern, secure and easily walkable location to the old town. There are good local shops and cafes nearby and you feel a part of Trebinje's community here. The host was always available and helpful.”
Situated in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a terrace. The property is 22 km from Dubrovnik and free private parking is featured. Free WiFi is available throughout the property.
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a patio with city views. The unit is 22 km from Dubrovnik. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
”Great host, beautiful accommodation, lovely city, fantastic food!”
”Good location, verry clean and comfortable!”
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment is 21 km from Dubrovnik. The unit is 18 km from Cavtat. Free WiFi is provided throughout the property.
Located 22 km from Dubrovnik, Apartman Danna offers accommodation in Trebinje. The property features views of the garden is 19 km from Cavtat.
”Nice apartment, nice owner. Everything was great.”
”If you really like nature,silence and comfort, this place is for you!unforgettable view on the mountain and river, singing birds in the morning just paradise for your eyes and soul. Rooms are very clean and cosy with all necessary staff. In 500 meters is a monastery of 4th century "Tverdos", the place everybody must visit.”
Studio Centar SP offers accommodation in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. The property is 18 km from Cavtat and free private parking is featured. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
Apartment Ivana offers accommodation in Trebinje. Dubrovnik is 20 km from the property. Free WiFi is provided throughout the property and free private parking is available on site.
”- she was extremely hospitable and helpful. A warm welcome. - she oriented us round the house and apartment. We had a great neighbour too. - ROMANTIC room ambience with beautiful wallpaper and lighting - very clean and great attention to details - very new and clean items”
Featuring free WiFi and air conditioning, Sun City is set in Trebinje. Dubrovnik is 20 km away. Free private parking is available on site. All units feature a cable TV.
”Most helpful host ever. Good WiFi. Great Parking just in front of house. What an old city center!!”
Set in Trebinje, 20 km from Dubrovnik, Apartman Carine boasts air-conditioned rooms with free WiFi. Free private parking is available on site.
”Big, comfortable bed. Amazing value. Super helpful host (she picked me up from the bus station and gave me a ride back when I left). Very flexible as well, and available for questions. Good location as well, close to the center and not too far from bus. Though I couldn't use it due to weather, bicycle was available for use.”
Located 21 km from Dubrovnik, Studio Centar offers accommodation in Trebinje. The property is 18 km from Cavtat and free private parking is provided. Free WiFi is featured throughout the property.
”Palvelu oli ystävällistä ja kohteliasta. Asunto oli erinomaisesti varustettu.Saattaminen bussiasemalle oli ilmaista ja mukavaa. Hyvä laatu-hintasuhde!”
Situated in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Guests benefit from free WiFi and private parking available on site. The kitchen features a microwave and a fridge.
ACO Apartment is located in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. Cavtat is 18 km away. Free WiFi is offered . All units include a flat-screen TV. Some units feature a seating area and/or terrace.
”Nice and modern apartment at the very attractive location. Great bathroom and very comfortable bed.”
Situated in Trebinje, this apartment features free WiFi. The property is 21 km from Dubrovnik and free private parking is provided. There is a dining area and a kitchen. A flat-screen TV is offered.
Set in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features free WiFi and a balcony. The unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free private parking is available on site.
”The owners were very friendly and accommodating. It is a good walk to the centre...not a problem at all. We felt like we were in a home instead of a hotel.”
Located in Trebinje, Apartmani Masleša offers self-catering accommodation with free WiFi. Guests benefit from terrace. Free private parking is available on site.
Situated in Trebinje, this apartment is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Apartment Sara features views of the mountain and is 18 km from Cavtat. Free WiFi is available throughout the property.
Situated 21 km from Dubrovnik and 17 km from Cavtat, Apartman Ancora1 offers accommodation in Trebinje. Guests benefit from free WiFi and private parking available on site.
Offering a barbecue and sun terrace, Apartments Lecevac is situated in Trebinje. Dubrovnik is 17 km from the property. Free private parking is available on site.
Peaceful Pines Apartment offers accommodation in Trebinje. The property is 21 km from Dubrovnik and free private parking is available. Free WiFi is offered .
Guesthouse Rooms 3 is set in Trebinje, 22 km from Dubrovnik and 19 km from Cavtat. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and free private parking is available on site.
Apartman Aleksić offers accommodation in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. The air-conditioned unit is 18 km from Cavtat. Free WiFi is offered . The unit is fitted with a kitchen.
AM Apartman offers accommodation in Trebinje. AM Apartman boasts views of the river and is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free WiFi is provided . The kitchenette has an oven and a fridge, as well as a kettle.
Set in Trebinje, 22 km from Dubrovnik, Sale features free WiFi access and free private parking. All rooms have a TV. Cavtat is 18 km from Sale, while Kotor is 47 km from the property.
Guest house Mihojevic is situated in Trebinje, 22 km from Dubrovnik. Free private parking is available on site. All rooms include a TV. Some rooms include a seating area where you can relax.
Apartman M&V offers accommodation in Trebinje. The property boasts views of the mountain is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features free WiFi, a spa bath and a terrace. Guests benefit from balcony. Free private parking is available on site.
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a sun terrace. Apartman Park boasts views of the mountain and is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
Andjelina offers accommodation in Trebinje. The air-conditioned unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free WiFi is available throughout the property. Towels and bed linen are provided in this apartment.
Located 21 km from Dubrovnik and 18 km from Cavtat, Apartment Tara offers accommodation in Trebinje. Apartment Tara boasts views of the city and is 47 km from Kotor.
Located in Trebinje, Ancora2 offers self-catering accommodation with free WiFi. The air-conditioned unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. There is a seating area and a kitchen.
Narcis Apartment offers accommodation in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik and 18 km from Cavtat. The property is 46 km from Kotor and free private parking is offered. Free WiFi is provided .
Featuring free WiFi, Apartments Snezana offers pet-friendly accommodation in Trebinje. Dubrovnik is 21 km from the property.
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment is 21 km from Dubrovnik. The property is 18 km from Cavtat and free private parking is offered. Free WiFi is provided throughout the property.
Situated in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features free WiFi and a balcony. The unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free private parking is available on site. There is a dining area and a...
Offering free WiFi and a garden, Tila is situated in Trebinje. Dubrovnik is 20 km away. Free private parking is available on site. All units are air conditioned and feature a satellite flat-screen TV....
Located 21 km from Dubrovnik and 18 km from Cavtat, Apartman Vukica offers accommodation in Trebinje. The unit is 47 km from Kotor. Free WiFi is provided . A flat-screen TV is available.
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Guests benefit from terrace. Free WiFi is featured . The unit is equipped with a kitchen. A flat-screen TV is available.
Situated in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a terrace and a garden. The property is 21 km from Dubrovnik and free private parking is available. Free WiFi is provided .
Situated 21 km from Dubrovnik and 18 km from Cavtat, Apartman TIA offers accommodation in Trebinje. The property is 46 km from Kotor and free private parking is provided.
Located 21 km from Dubrovnik, Trebinje Apartment Beli offers accommodation in Trebinje. Guests benefit from balcony. Free WiFi is offered . The air-conditioned unit is equipped with a kitchen.
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features free WiFi. The unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free private parking is available on site.
Luksuzni apartman Poeta offers accommodation in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. Guests benefit from terrace. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
Set in Trebinje, Apartment Trebinje 2 offers self-catering accommodation with free WiFi. The unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free private parking is available on site.
Featuring free WiFi throughout the property, Guest House Stari Grad offers accommodation in Trebinje. Every room has a TV. Certain rooms feature a seating area to relax in after a busy day.
Featuring air conditioning, Sasha Apartments is located in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. Cavtat is 18 km away. Free WiFi is featured throughout the property.
Situated in Trebinje, this apartment features a terrace and a garden with a barbecue and a terrace. Guests benefit from patio. Free WiFi is available . The kitchen has an oven and a fridge.
Situated in Trebinje, Apartman Vinogradi offers self-catering accommodation with free WiFi. The property is 22 km from Dubrovnik and free private parking is featured.
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features free WiFi and a terrace. Guests benefit from balcony. Free private parking is available on site.
Featuring free WiFi and air conditioning, STAN DVOSOBAN TREBINJE is located in Trebinje, 21 km from Dubrovnik. Cavtat is 18 km from the property. The accommodation has a TV with cable channels.
Situated in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a patio and a garden. The property is 22 km from Dubrovnik and free private parking is offered. Free WiFi is provided .
Located in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment features a balcony with city views. The unit is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Free WiFi is provided . A TV with cable channels is featured.
Situated in Trebinje, this air-conditioned apartment is 21 km from Dubrovnik. Guests benefit from terrace. Free WiFi is available throughout the property.
629757,625177|1,632027,275824,624487,638007,639727,629617,625177,632027|1,615987,639467,638317

value: This website is a Dutch online travel agency for lodging reservations & other travel products, and a subsidiary of Booking Holdings. It is headquartered in Amsterdam.The website has over 28 million listings.


text:
Black Rhinoceros figure Papo: Wild Animal Kingdom - Model 50066 | eBay
Plastic Rhinoceros Buffalo Animal Model Figure Figurine Toy Play
Gorilla figure Papo: Wild Animal Kingdom - Model 50034
Wild Boar figure Papo: Wild Animal Kingdom - Model 53011
Details about Black Rhinoceros figure Papo: Wild Animal Kingdom - Model 50066
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Last updated on Jul 31, 2019 01:39:16 EDT View all revisions
MPN: 50066 Recommended Age Range: 3
EAN: 3465000500665
GBP 0.50 shipping for each additional eligible item you buy from lv-toys.
by h-l5098 May 24, 2016
A marvellous piece of workmanship
I have checked lots of rhinos put on sale on ebay. And in my opinion, this is one of the very few, very best - and i think it's probably the best one - that realistically shows all the features of this wild animal, the eyes, the stand, the horn, the ears, tail ... Extremely well done !. If it were of a size of a real one, it would be difficult to tell the difference, particularly when looking at it at the sunset time ! This one stands out, apart from lots of other ones, being made with stiff, "fake" features that obviously show only the half- real look of this animal, which animal is feared even by the lion, let alone by the tiger , popularly mis - thought as being the most powerful wild predator . An item of a cheap price but of very good quality, indeed !

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value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
Prologue by Greg Ahlgren | NOOK Book (eBook) | Barnes & Noble® Books by Author Books by Series Collectible Editions Coming Soon by Date Coming Soon by Subject New Releases NY Times Bestsellers Signed Books Top Books of the Month
Prologue. Science Fiction, Time Travel, Alternative History Thriller. June 2026. The Soviet Union has won the Cold War and occupies most of the former United States, now referred to as Soviet America. A fledgling American insurgency commits acts of random sabotage and sporadic bombing attacks against the Soviet occupiers and their collaborators.
Two MIT professors of astrophysics, Paul deVere and former Special Operations Officer Lewis Ginter, have discovered a subatomic particle that accelerates matter to speeds faster than light, thereby opening wormholes in time. They create an Accelechron, which makes it possible to propel a human through a wormhole. Working with fellow resistance activists from New England, they develop a daring plan to go back to the early 1960s to alter the course of American history.
As the time travelers scheme to avoid the watchful eyes of Soviet intelligence agents Igor Rostov and Natasha Nikitin, they find themselves increasingly distrusted by their fellow resistance leaders. When they finally make their daring attempt, they must confront not only history, but also their own pasts.
(102,500 words, 30 chapters)
2940012382467
Greg Ahlgren is a criminal defense lawyer in Manchester, New Hampshire. He received his B.A. degree from Syracuse University and his J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He has been a criminal justice professor, a state legislator, and a political activist, and has appeared as a frequent guest on both national and local television and radio shows on true crime and historical issues. His books include the alternative history time-travel novel "Prologue" and the international thriller "The Medici Legacy," and along with Stephen Monier he co-authored the true crime book "Crime of the Century: The Lindbergh Kidnapping Hoax."
Prior to "Crime of the Century's" publication, most commentators on America's most famous crime had questioned Hauptmann's guilt, but had been unable to offer a cogent alternative hypothesis. Combining their respective expertise as a criminal defense lawyer and a seasoned police investigator, Ahlgren and Monier were the first to theorize that perhaps there had been no stranger abduction and that the "kidnapping" had been hastily concocted to mask a domestic tragedy. Controversial at the time of original publication, this theory has now gained widespread acceptance as a plausible explanation of the Crime of the Century.
In his novel "Prologue," Ahlgren inverted the usual time-travel plot line. Instead of creating protagonists intent on preserving a recognized time line from attack by those seeking to change history, Ahlgren devised an alternative future, and then, set against the backdrop of the JFK assassination, presented his protagonists with the challenge of creating a better today.
His novel, "The Medici Legacy," utilized a plot convention rare in an American thriller when Ahlgren created a non-American chief protagonist, Deputy Inspector Antonio Ferrara of the Italian Polizia di Stato.
In an interview, when asked to name two fiction writers, one past, one present, who have influenced his writing, Ahlgren named Daphne duMaurier and Tim Green.
In a pretentious law school alumni questionnaire, when asked to list his greatest personal or professional achievement, he reportedly scribbled, "never, ever having voted Republican."
Prologue 4.8 out of 5 based on 0 ratings. 4 reviews.
TylerCo More than 1 year ago
I read this book because I had read "The Medici Legacy" by Ahlgren and really liked it. I thought "Medici" was a well-written, interesting and even fun thriller with characters who were pretty well defined and very likable. I also thought that Ahlgren's dialogue was real good. But, as much as I liked the Medici book I think "Prologue" is even better. It opens up in a future world where Russia is in control of the old United States. Two professors at MIT figure out how to go back in time and do so, ending up in the U.S. in 1963. There are twists everywhere as they race to make things right, all the while being chased by Soviet time-traveling agents trying to stop them. I don't want to give anything away but the ending was a HUGE surprise to me that I never saw coming. Yet thinking back on it all the clues were there which left me kicking myself for having missed them. In both books there is A LOT of history, which I also found really informative, as he meshes it in with the plot very well. Both books are fun reads.
'Prologue,' by Greg Ahlgren, is a time travel thriller centered around the Kennedy assassination. Ahlgren has woven his critical re-examination of American foreign policy of the early 1960s into a light and comfortable fabric in this sci-fi action adventure. In doing so he takes an acerbic pen to a host of contemporary social and political issues. This just might be one of the better American political allegories since 'The Wizard of Oz.'
I was pleasantly surprised by this book. I am not a sci-fi fan but the science was very understandable and the book is more of a historical thriller and an enjoyable and intriguing mystery than it is sci-fi. The conversations between characters was VERY realistic and consistant with how people really talk with each other. There is also a political tone to this book as the author is using the 'neo-Soviet' philosophy as a metaphor for neo-conservatives, especially when he divides the future America into red and blue states. Last, the author is pretty funny in places, such as by describing an alternative future world in which Al Gore has impliedly invented the internet.
Soviets use the metric system
macroeconomics edition 17
Shortly after implementation of the Real ID Act of 2005, the United States National Identification ...
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Throughout DiscoverEcon you will notice expanded exercises, interactive graphs, and tutorials. You will also notice ...
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Play2:01NFL official: Redskins name is 'not a slur'Washington Redskins367dPlay2:23Getty ImagesClayton: Newton's deal sets the stage for Wilson17hJohn Clayton3 Related+ Cam Newton is worth new $100 million deal with Panthers+ Seifert: Panthers choose Newton over the unknown+ Cam Newton trails only Peyton in marketing appealAP Photo/Mark ZaleskiMariota tops NFL jersey sales for May; Brady 3rdTennessee Titans24mDarren RovellPlay2:23Panthers extend QB Newton, eye 'promised land'Carolina Panthers19mDavid NewtonPlay2:25McDonald's ex says he repeatedly attacked herChicago Bears11hPlay0:44Peterson: 'Feels good to be back in the building'Minnesota Vikings13hBen GoesslingPeter BohlerGronkowski clan to battle for Family Feud crownNew England Patriots12hPlay2:28Cromartie: Sherman not among NFL's top CBsSeattle Seahawks16hRich CiminiPlay0:49Goodell tells NFLPA he'll hear Brady's appealNew England Patriots18hMike ReissPlay2:46Colon: Jets need QB Smith 'on top of his game'New York Jets16hRich CiminiPlay1:53Cameron Jordan mega-deal risky, but he's a stable bet for Saints' shaky defense18hMike TriplettPlay3:08AP Photo/Mark ZaleskiGoessling: Peterson-Zimmer bond prevailed48m3 Related+ Seifert: Peterson owning mistake with son+ Back to work: RB Peterson practices with Vikings+ Will talk of Adrian Peterson, Cowboys stop now?Play2:15Broncos' Peyton Manning: I love being coached23hJeff LegwoldPlay6:57AP Photo/Jeff RobersonEven without QB clarity, Rams' roster strong enough to compete19h2 RelatedOutsiders: Biggest weaknesses for NFC West teamsJoyner: Why Eagles are NFC East favorites in 2015Sandy Huffaker/Getty ImagesChargers brass, San Diego mayor talk stadiumSan Diego Chargers15hEric D. WilliamsPlay2:11Browns coach: Manziel incident 'a non-story'Cleveland Browns18hPat McManamonGetty, USA TODAY Sports, GettyProjecting top 10 pass-rushers for 201519h2 RelatedMuench: Top 5 impact rookie playmakersDominik: 24 players any team would wantPlay2:19AP Photo/Gregory BullChadiha: Raiders' Mack just getting startedOakland Raiders2dJeffri Chadiha1 RelatedOutsiders: Biggest weaknesses for AFC West teamsAP Photo/The Buffalo News/Harry Scull Jr.Photos: Rex Ryan brings Bills to Jim Kelly's golf tournament2dMike RodakPlay3:00Stephen Dunn/Getty ImagesClayton's mailbag: Rivers unlikely to leave ChargersSan Diego Chargers2dJohn Clayton2 Related+ An offseason to-do list for Philip Rivers+ Clayton: Why a Peterson trade won't happenAP Photo/Patrick SemanskyKatz: Identifying impact fantasy rookies2dSharon Katz & Hank GargiuloPlay3:32Courtesy of St. Louis RamsSC Featured: Rams DEs experience a night of homelessnessSt. Louis Rams3dElizabeth Merrill1 RelatedOutsiders: Biggest weaknesses for NFC West teamsPlay2:24MacMullan: Garoppolo steps into starring role for PatsNew England Patriots5dJackie MacMullanPlay2:37Matthew Emmons/USA TODAY SportsDeMaurice Smith: 'The league has run out of excuses'4dJim Trotter2 Related+ MacMullan: Garoppolo steps into starring role for Pats+ Big Ben: Steelers-Patriots better with BradyNFL official: Redskins 'not a slur'6/1/2014 - NFL Washington Redskins0 SharesEmailCommentPlay2:01NFL: Redskins' Team Name Not A SlurAdolpho Birch, the NFL's senior vice president of law and labor policy, said on OTL the Washington Redskins' team name was not a slur.
ESPN.com news services 0 SharesEmailPrintCommentAn NFL official said Friday that the Washington Redskins' name is not a racial slur, a day after the head of the NFL Players Association said some think it is.Adolpho Birch, the NFL's senior vice president of labor policy and government affairs, was asked by "Outside The Lines": "Is the team name a slur, yes or no?""The team name is not a slur," Birch said in a phone interview."The team name is the team name as it has been for 80-plus years," he said. "And what we need to do is get beyond sort of understanding this as a point-blank situation and understand it more as a variety of perspectives that all need to be addressed, that all need to be given some weight, so that at the end of it we can come to some understanding that is appropriate and reflects the opinions of all."He added: "I think that is part of the issue with the question is that it is constantly being sort of put into a point-blank, yes-or-no, yes-or-no kind of context when that's not the reality of the situation that we're dealing with."NFLPA executive director DeMaurice Smith on Thursday told ESPN's Sal Paolantonio: "It's an important issue. The name Redskins is offensive to some and is a slur, I'm not sure that this issue boils down to what any particular player has to say -- what it boils down to is the united nation and others have raised a legitimate conversation to the NFL about the name of the team that is entirely within their control."Smith told reporters that his conversations with NFL commissioner Roger Goodell on the Redskins name should be private. He did say he has talked with members of the Oneida Indian Nation about their concerns.Redskins owner Daniel Snyder has repeatedly said he does not intend to change the name."I would tell you that the Washington Redskins Football Club, the name of that organization is not and never has been intended to be used as a slur and is currently not one as well," Birch said on "OTL."After the interview, NFL spokesperson Greg Aiello told ESPN: "The team and our office have always said the name is intended to be positive and respectful. Why would you name a sports team otherwise for 80 years? ... As Adolpho said, our position is the same as it's been."Last week, 50 members of the U.S. Senate wrote a letter to Goodell asking that the name be changed.U.S. Rep. Eleanor Holmes Norton of the District of Columbia believes the name "is going to go.""Four times, the team tried to patent the word 'Redskins,' and four times the patent and trade commission has turned it down," she said Friday on the "Capital Games" podcast. "This name is going to go. My regret is that neither Goodell nor Snyder have taken the kind of leadership we'd expect, particularly in a progressive city like this where a name that is derogatory of any group has no place."

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Patent US20030023755 - System and method for delivering content to mobile devices - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsThe illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides a platform that enables a content developer to distribute uniform content to multiple types of requesting mobile devices. By authoring content in a generic markup language and using the technologies included in the Mobile Content Framework(MCF),...http://www.google.com/patents/US20030023755?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20030023755 - System and method for delivering content to mobile devicesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20030023755 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/024,432Publication dateJan 30, 2003Filing dateDec 18, 2001Priority dateDec 18, 2000Also published asCA2431762A1, CA2431762C, CN1493045A, CN100594493C, EP1346294A2, US7644400, US8095919, US20100153583, US20120079369, WO2002050719A2, WO2002050719A3Publication number024432, 10024432, US 2003/0023755 A1, US 2003/023755 A1, US 20030023755 A1, US 20030023755A1, US 2003023755 A1, US 2003023755A1, US-A1-20030023755, US-A1-2003023755, US2003/0023755A1, US2003/023755A1, US20030023755 A1, US20030023755A1, US2003023755 A1, US2003023755A1InventorsMichelle Harris, Peter DeLucia, Dan Jethanamest, Corey Tripp, Tom LeRoux, Lin Hsu, Lee Boyle, Dan Liu, Rocio Katsanis, George Yi, Harry Kargman, Evan HerbstOriginal AssigneeKargo, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (37), Classifications (25), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem and method for delivering content to mobile devicesUS 20030023755 A1Abstract The illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides a platform that enables a content developer to distribute uniform content to multiple types of requesting mobile devices. By authoring content in a generic markup language and using the technologies included in the Mobile Content Framework(MCF), the content developer is able to provide content to multiple types devices without providing different versions of the content. The content may be authored originally in the generic markup language or translated from other languages into the generic markup language by the MCF. The MCF exploits the capabilities and accommodates the limitations of different types of wireless devices by converting generic markup language content to device-specific content. The MCF interacts with device registries holding records of the device attributes in order to provide the device-specific content. The MCF handles these issues for current mobile devices while also being extensible for future mobile devices. Images(5) Claims(22)
We claim: 1. In a network having an electronic device, a method, comprising the steps of: providing content, said content capable of being displayed to a user of a mobile device interfaced with said network; providing at least one registry containing device information for multiple types of mobile devices, said information including device attributes for each type of mobile device, said attributes including a programming language; and receiving a request for said content from a user of a mobile device interfaced with said network; retrieving said device information from said at least one registry; converting said content from a generic markup language into device-specific content in response to said request, said converting using said device information, said generic markup language capable of translating content written in said generic markup language into multiple programming languages. 2. The method of claim 1 comprising the further step of: translating said content from an original programming language into said generic markup language prior to converting said content into device-specific content. 3. The method of claim 2, comprising the further steps of: providing a translator capable of converting WML content into said generic markup language content; and translating WML formatted content into said generic markup language content using said WML translator. 4. The method of claim 2, comprising the further steps of: providing a translator capable of converting HTML content into said generic markup language content; and translating HTML formatted content into said generic markup language content using said HTML translator. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising the further steps of: marking the generic markup language content with identifiers; and performing the retrieving of device information from said at least one registry based on one of said identifiers marking said content. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said device information includes data rendering attributes of mobile devices. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising the further steps of: providing a set of rules regarding the translating of said content from said generic markup language into device-specific content; and applying said rules in combination with said information from said at least one registry to generate device-specific content. 8. The method of claim 7, comprising the further steps of: receiving user preferences relating to the display of content on a mobile device; and using at least one user preference to generate said device-specific content. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one user preference is at least one of user interface choices, key mappings, key behavior, functionality, amount of information to be rendered, language, and location. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising the further steps of: providing a plurality of stylesheets for said generic markup language; using said stylesheets in converting said content in said generic markup language into said device-specific content. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein at least one of said stylesheets converts said generic markup language content into HTML content. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein at least one of said stylesheets converts said generic markup language content into WML content. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein at least one of said stylesheets converts said generic markup language content into HDML content. 14. The method of claim 10 wherein at least one of said stylesheets converts said generic markup language content into i-mode content. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the amount of said device-specific content that is delivered to said user is based on the display capacity of said mobile device. 16. In a network having an electronic device, a method, comprising the steps of: providing content stored in a location interfaced with said electronic device, said content capable of being displayed to a user of a wireless device interfaced with said network; providing a plurality of registries containing device information for multiple types of wireless devices, said information including device attributes for each type of wireless device, said attributes including a programming language; and translating said content from an original programming language into a generic markup language, said generic markup language capable of translating content written in said generic markup language into multiple programming languages; receiving a request for said content from a user of a wireless device interfaced with said network; retrieving said wireless device information from at least one of said plurality of registries. converting said content into device-specific content in response to said request using said wireless device information. 17. The method of claim 16, comprising the further steps of: providing a database storing sets of individual user preferences, said database interfaced with said network; retrieving a set of individual user preferences from said database; and using said set of individual user preferences to create said device-specific content. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said set of individual user preferences includes at least one of user interface choices, key mappings, key behavior, functionality, amount of information to be rendered, language, and location. 19. The method of claim 16 wherein said wireless device is a cellular phone. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein said wireless device is a PDA. 21. In a network having an electronic device with a medium located theron, said medium holding computer-executable steps for a method, said method, comprising the steps of: providing content, said content capable of being displayed to a user of a mobile device interfaced with said network; providing at least one registry containing device information for multiple types of mobile devices, said information including device attributes for each type of mobile device, said attributes including a programming language; and receiving a request for said content from a user of a mobile device interfaced with said network; retrieving said device information from said at least one registry; converting said content from a generic markup language into device-specific content in response to said request, said converting using said device information, said generic markup language capable of translating content written in said generic markup language into multiple programming languages. 22. The medium of claim 21 wherein said method, comprises the further steps of: providing a database storing sets of individual user preferences, said database interfaced with said network; retrieving a set of individual user preferences from said database; and using said set of individual user preferences to create said device-specific content.
RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims priority to co-pending U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/256,589 filed Dec. 18, 2000, for all subject matter common to both applications. The disclosure of said provisional application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The illustrative embodiment of the present invention relates generally to the delivery of content to mobile devices, and more particularly to the delivery of the same content to multiple mobile devices using different device protocols. BACKGROUND [0003] Delivering easy to use content to mobile devices today is difficult for the content provider. There are many different mobile devices which have different functions, and many more are expected to surface over the near term. There are many content variables which must be taken into account when delivering content to a mobile device. Enterprises and content providers must deliver the �right� content for each requesting device by taking into account content variables associated with the requesting mobile device. Typically, mobile devices have fewer resources available (compared with a personal computer) with which to render content for a user. Content variables include differences in device languages, device display characteristics, device input methods, character encoding methods, and user preferences. Wireless devices use different types of languages such as WML, HDML, HTML, compact-HTML and Palm webClippings. Additionally, even when two devices employ the same language, there is no guarantee that they each interpret and render content the same way. For example, the way WML is rendered on Nokia devices is very different from the way it is rendered on devices from other manufacturers. Device displays represent another content variable. [0004] There is a large variation in the way content is displayed across different handheld devices. Some displays are long and some are wide. Some browsers can display images and some can not display images. Some displays support color in various depths, some displays support grayscale images, and some displays support only black and white images. Moreover, resolution and legibility vary differently from display size. Content geared for mobile devices must be able to overcome these content variables while delivering relevant content. [0005] Another content variable is the method used by the wireless device for device input. Mobile phones usually only have a numeric keypad, while PDAs have stylus input. Some devices like the RIM Blackberry have a full keyboard while other devices support voice commands. Character encoding represents an addition content variable that content providers must take into account when delivering content to wireless devices. Some devices require content to be delivered using a special character encoding. For example, i-mode phones require content in Shift-JIS encoding in order for Japanese characters to appear correctly. An additional type of content variable is caused by the accommodation of user preferences. User may specify a particular language in which they wish to receive the content, such as French. Alternatively, users may prefer to see only text content in order to speed up content delivery, or prefer to see graphics-rich content on their color PDA display. [0006] Conventional methods used by web site developers to deal with content variables have been inadequate. Typically, web site developers have attempted to provide content to multiple types of wireless devices by providing multiple versions of web sites, stripping down content into a lowest common denominator approach, or by utilizing web scraping technology (explained below) to create content for the requesting wireless device out of content appearing on a regular HTML web site. All of the approaches produce inadequate results. Maintaining multiple versions of a web site for different wireless devices is costly from both a time, human capital and monetary perspective. Presenting only basic content, such as text-only content, on a web site deprives requesting users of full featured wireless devices of features present in their devices. Additionally, the approach will still will not present content that all devices can accept (i.e.: there is no lowest common denominator that works for all devices). Web scraping is a technique by which useful information, either regarding the content, the layout, or the appearance of a web page, is obtained from the page received by the browser rather than using the content source (possibly a JSP or ASP) or an interface link to the application that generated the content. However, HTML content from a standard web site is not readily adaptable for mobile devices, a fact which often results in a translation of HTML content that is often imperfect and difficult to navigate on a requesting mobile device (possibly producing gibberish or unintelligible text). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0007] The illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides a mobile content framework (MCF) that facilitates abstracting content and behavior from the rendering of content on a requesting device. Content is abstracted in a manner specifically tailored to take into account the limited resources of certain devices such as mobile devices (although the process works for devices not under resource restrictions). The abstraction process allows the distribution of uniform content to multiple types of requesting devices. Content is generated specifically for each device, both from a display standpoint and a content navigation standpoint. The interface may be dynamically personalized to the taste of the individual. The MCF includes a generic markup language, referred to as Wireless Abstract XML (hereafter WAX) that is easily extended and can be translated into a variety of different mobile device markup languages (WAX is referred to as KGML in related provisional 60/256,589). Content is first translated into WAX from the original language of the content provider, or is created in WAX originally, and then converted into a device appropriate language for a requesting mobile device. WAX is designed to enable the content developer to describe content at a more abstract level than that used in individual protocols. The greater level of abstraction enables the subsequent conversion of WAX into the languages used by the requesting mobile devices such as WML, HDML and HTML. Typical markup languages focus on how content is rendered on the device, while WAX focuses on generic but smart objects whose transformation is tailored to specific devices. During this transformation process, the MCF ensures the best type and length of text is used, the best type and size of image is used, and that the content is well suited and customized for the device attributes. The customization process uses device attribute records stored in databases to choose appropriate content for the requesting device. [0008] In one embodiment, an electronic device is interfaced with a content location. The electronic device has access to at least one registry holding device information for multiple mobile devices. The device information includes a programming language used by each type of mobile device. Upon receiving a request for content from a mobile device, the electronic device retrieves device information from at least one registry. The requested content is converted from a generic markup language into device-specific content using the retrieved device information. [0009] In another embodiment, an electronic device is interfaced with a content location. The electronic device has access to multiple registries holding device information for different types of wireless devices. The device information includes a programming language used by each type of wireless device. The content is converted into a generic markup language. Upon receiving a request for content from a wireless device, the electronic device retrieves device information from at least one of the registries. The requested content is converted from the generic markup language into device-specific content using the retrieved device information.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0010]FIG. 1 depicts an environment suitable for practicing an illustrative embodiment of the present invention; [0011]FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of components included in the Mobile Content Framework (MCF); [0012]FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the sequence of steps performed by the Mobile Content Framework to process a content request; and [0013]FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the generation of content.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0014] The illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides a platform that enables a content developer to build an effective wireless web site. By authoring content in WAX and using the technologies included in the Mobile Content Framework(MCF), the content developer is able to quickly and easily build wireless web applications that target wireless devices. The content may be authored originally in WAX or translated from other languages into WAX by the MCF. The MCF exploits the capabilities and accommodates the limitations of different types of wireless devices by converting WAX content to device-specific content. The MCF handles these issues for current wireless devices while also being extensible for future wireless devices. [0015]FIG. 1 depicts an environment suitable for practicing the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. An electronic device 2 is interfaced with a network 4. The electronic device 2 includes content 6 and the MCF 8. The content 6 may be content in written in WAX, a non-WAX wireless language format, or a non-wireless language format. Also interfaced with the network 4 are a plurality of mobile devices 10, 12, and 14. The plurality of mobile devices, a cellular phone 10, a PDA 12 and set-top box 14, request the content 6 from the electronic device 2. The mobile devices may be cellular phones, PDAs, cable TV or satellite TV set-top boxes, and other similar devices with limited resources including stationary devices (i.e.: a wired set-top box). Although the term wireless device is used herein interchangeably with the term mobile device, those skilled in the art will realize that both wireless and wired devices are within the scope of present invention and examples using the term wireless are intended as illustrative embodiments. The MCF 8 translates the content 6 into WAX if the content is in a non-WAX format and then converts the content into so that it is appropriate for the requesting wireless device 10,12 and 14 from both a language and device attribute perspective. [0016] The MCF 8 uses its own brand of markup language known as Wireless Abstract XML (WAX) with which to describe content. This language is geared exclusively to mobile devices, and combines features of the most common markup languages like WML, HDML and HTML. WAX is designed at a level above other content markup languages such as WML, HDML and HTML. WAX focuses on �logical widgets� that are translated to device-specific content. WAX is designed to overcome the challenges of graphics and user-input on small devices. For example, a good paradigm for delivering content on mobile phones is a �9-grid� format. On a mobile phone, a graphic may be displayed and broken up into 9 segments (like a tic-tac-toe board), with each number on the keypad of the mobile phone acting as an input link to each segment of the grid. This paradigm works well when navigating and zooming maps. This paradigm, however, does not hold true with PDAs since they do not have numeric keypads. Instead, a PDA displays the �9-grid� using a set of anchored images that can be clicked on using the PDA's stylus. [0017] WAX has been developed such that it is �device-smart� in that it detects the idiosyncrasies of each device. For example, the WAP browser on Nokia's phones does not display lists in the same fashion as the browsers on phones from other manufacturers. In addition to running different software protocols, some devices which are running the same software may be running different software versions. Some devices have two programmable �soft-keys�, while others have one. WAX adjusts to the limitations and features of each device. WAX is also extensible so that as new devices becomes available, new translation sheets can be added easily. For example, if a new device supports a brand-new markup language, a translator for this new device can be added seamlessly, without changing any piece of the core WAX architecture. [0018] The WAX language may be dynamically translated to a requesting device's native language. The MCF 8 dynamically translates WAX into other markup languages using XML-based technologies. Content is translated from WAX to languages like WML, HDML and HTML. The content is not only translated into a specific language appropriate for the device, but also (unlike traditional XSL stylesheets) is tailored based upon the attributes of the requesting device. The attributes may involve device features, memory, storage capacity, communication speed, type of operating system, and other attributes related to the device. Some devices require their own special translation rules. For example, a WAX �Date-Chooser� renders one way on the limited screen sizes of mobile phones (possibly through a series of WML decks and another way on a PDA (all on one screen). WAX tags that are attached to content operate at a higher level of abstraction than prior standard wireless markup languages. The WAX language is easily extensible since new tags can be added by the content developer. The developer can specialize the behavior of any WAX tag (new and old by updating or adding to the translation rules. Many systems can generate WAX. WAX can originate from Java Server Pages, Active Server Pages, Perl, PHP, or many other web content management packages. In one embodiment, the attributes used to generate content include carrier attributes as well as device attributes. [0019] The MCF 8 utilizes the WAX language to help tailor content to specific requesting devices. Content is translated from WAX into a device-specific language and is also tailored to take advantage of features and accommodate limitations in the requesting device. The MCF 8 includes registries listing device capabilities which are utilized to provide appropriate amounts and types of content to the requesting device. [0020]FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of components included in the Mobile Content Framework 8. The MCF 8 includes a content dispatcher 18, device recognizer 20, a vendor capability reader 22, and a device and capability registry 24. The content dispatcher 18 queries web technology tools such as PHP, Cold Fusion, Perl CGI, Vignette, Microsoft Active Server Pages, and Java Server Pages to generate a form of WAX most suitable for the requesting device. The MCF 8 also includes a session management component 26, a logging and error handling component 28 and a database framework component 30. The session management component 26 provides automated session handling. The automated session handling uses cookies (if the device supports them), or operates transparently using URL rewriting if the device does not support cookies. Session handling, including URL rewriting, is automatic, which minimizes the amount of development effort required. The logging and error handling component 28 logs application messages. The application messages may have levels to specify debug, informational, warning and error conditions and are important for developing and debugging large scale wireless web sites. The database framework component 30 includes connection pooling. Database parameters are kept in a properties file to ease deployment from development to test to production. [0021] All mobile devices and their capabilities are kept in a device and capability registry 24. The device and capability registry 24 is an XML file, and allows the content developer to group devices together, while also keeping track of the specific features of each device. The device and capability registry 24 also contains a set of rules used to determine which device is connecting to the MCF 8. These rules are important since all mobile devices identify themselves differently. Once the type of device is identified, attributes such as screen size, color depth, browser version and type, and translation rules become known. Changes can be made to the device and capability registry 24 on an application-specific basis. If changes are made to the device and capability registry 24 on an application-specific basis, the system allows the content developer to receive automatic updates of the device registry for new devices from a central source while maintaining a separate registry for application-specific device groupings and capabilities. [0022] The MCF 8 also includes a dynamic image selection component 32, an image registry 34, a dynamic text selection component 36, a text registry 38, a dynamic image scaling component 40. The dynamic image selection component 32 uses the image registry 34, and the dynamic text selection component 36 uses the text registry 38 to determine the best content to deliver to a requesting device at any given time. The process of dynamic image selection is discussed in more detail below. The dynamic image scaling component 40 allows a content developer to provide only a small set of images during design time, while also having the framework generate images that are displayed correctly on each device. The image-scaling framework scales and crops images to the right size and translates between image formats. The image scaling component also caches generated images to avoid translating an image more than once and pre-generates images to allow content developers to see all images before they are served to a requesting device. Additionally, the MCF 8 includes a WAX stylesheets component 42, a device stylesheets component 44, a WML to WAX translator component 46, and an HTML to WAX translator component 48. The WAX stylesheets component 42 dictates the presentation of the WAX content, and the device stylesheets component 40 tailors the presentation of the content to the requesting device based on the attributes possessed by the requesting device. The WML to WAX translator component 46 and the HTML to WAX translator component 48 translate content in WML or HTML respectively into the WAX format. [0023] The MCF 8 uses a number of different technologies to perform its work including Java and Java Servlets and XML and XSL. The choice of web server depends upon the Servlet engine being used. An example of an implementation scenario is the Apache Web Server with Apache Tomcat Servlet engine on Linux. The web server and servlet engine do not need to be the source for web content. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used to author WAX, and the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) is used to author the rules that translate WAX to device-specific languages. The XML and XSL technologies are open standards. An example MCF 8 implementation uses The Apache Software Foundation XML Parser (Xerces) and XSL Processor (Xalan). [0024] The process by which the illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides customized content to requesting mobile devices is depicted in FIG. 3. The process begins when an electronic device, such as a web server accepts a connection and an HTTP request from a mobile device and the servlet engine directs the request to the appropriate page or servlet destined to generate WAX (step 60). In one embodiment, the servlet engine supports the Java Servlet 2.2 specification. The headers of the HTTP request are examined by the MCF 8 in order to determine the type of device and a suitable XSL stylesheet to use for later device-specific translation (step 62). An XML registry of devices is consulted to determine device capabilities (screen size, browser version, etc.) (step 64). A session is started to minimize subsequent processing, and serve as a temporary place for applications to store transient information (step 66). Following the beginning of the session, WAX content is generated (step 68). Business rules, database queries, personalization engines, and other systems can be leveraged to build dynamic content for the end user. WAX can be generated on the fly by a Java Servlet, a Java Server Page, or any other system which can generate dynamic content, such as PHP, Perl CGI, or other 3rd party content management package. WAX may also be generated from other sources outside of MCF. External databases may be queried using JDBC, and the built-in database framework and connection pooling classes may be leveraged to generate WAX. As part of the WAX content generation process, interfaces into existing authentication and authorization systems may be programmed. The MCF 8 includes a client API to interact directly with a personalization service so that user preferences may be extracted from a global shared repository, as well as an API to communicate with a Location Based Services framework. Once all the content generation processing is complete, the resulting WAX is fed into the content translation system where the WAX content is translated (step 70). Dynamic Image and Text Processing is performed (step 72) along with XSL processing (step 74). The WAX stream is examined in order to substitute the most appropriate image with regards to the device, and user preferences. User preferences may include interface choices, key mappings, key behavior, functionality, the amount of information to be rendered, language and location. WAX is translated into a language the requesting device can understand. The stylesheet determined earlier (step 62) is used to perform the translation. The customized content is then returned to requesting device (step 76). [0025] The WAX content may originate either directly from a WAX source, or the WAX content may be dynamically translated from a non-WAX source. In one embodiment, Java Servlets are used to perform the translation although content may be generated using many different types of web technology. Since WAX uses XML documents, tools like PHP, Cold Fusion, Perl CGI, Vignette, Microsoft Active Server Pages, and Java Server Pages may be utilized to generate dynamic WAX. The MCF dispatcher 18 will automatically query these services, and translate the content to a form best suited to the requesting device. Content may be written in HTML and dynamically converted first from HTML to WAX, and then to a language best suited to requesting device, without changing the source HTML. Similarly, content developers may generate content using XML, and then provide XSL stylesheets to translate the XML into any markup language. The ability to translate XML documents is useful in cases where dynamic XML content is obtained from a database, or third-party source, and needs to be rendered into WAX, or any other XML variant. [0026]FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the steps used to illustrate how content can originate from different sources, and be dynamically translated by the MCF 8. The process begins when the MCF receives a page request from a wireless device (step 80). The framework determines the type of device with which it is communicating, and initiate a session. The content dispatcher 18 receives the request, and determines from where to obtain the data (step 82). The content dispatcher 18 can choose to serve the page from a cache or obtain the page again from the data source. The appropriate data source is contacted, and the resulting stream of data is obtained (step 84). This data can be WAX, or any XML file. It may be plain HTML. The data source can be web site, a static file, a Servlet or a Java Server Page. Once the data is obtained, it is processed through a variety of filters and translation rules to retrieve the end-result content. Once the content is generated, the resulting stream is saved to cache (if appropriate) so subsequent requests will be processed instantaneously (step 86). [0027] The illustrative embodiment of the present invention addresses one of the biggest problems with translating content dynamically, the performance penalty paid during each web page request. The MCF 8 provides multiple stages at which to cache completed page requests in order to improve the performance of subsequent requests. The page cache works at two different stages, a post-process cache and a post-translate cache. The post-process cache takes place after an application retrieves dynamic data from the database, user-preference system, or anywhere else, when the WAX page is persisted to disk. Subsequent requests for the same page do not require expensive system calls. Since post-process caching is performed before the device-specific translation, it is good for pages whose contents change fairly infrequently, and are not user or device dependent. For example, a page that is rendered from a fairly timely database call can be cached before filtering and translation. The post-translate cache occurs after the WAX has been processed, when the framework translates the WAX into a device-specific markup language (WML, HTML, etc.). Following the translation, the page is persisted to disk and subsequent requests for the same page do not require processing. This form of caching is good for highly customized pages that are directly targeted to a user and/or a device. The illustrative embodiment of the present invention allows the content developer to exercise complete control over how a document is cached, and how long the page remains in cache. [0028] The MCF 8 is extendable and scalable. The content developer can configure and add to the framework in a number of areas. Tags can be added and removed from the WAX language. A new tag can be a composite of existing tags, or it can represent an entirely new idea. Content filters can be inserted to add new functionality, or address special characteristics of new types of devices (special character encodings, scripting languages, etc.). As new devices become available, the content developer can freely add these new devices to the registry, as well as rules to recognize those devices. Alternatively, a subscription plan can ensure that an enterprise always obtains the most recent version of the device file. Database classes may be added which allow many different options for pooling database connections in order to perform fast database access. [0029] Samples of WAX which illustrate some of the basic features are listed below: <?xml version=� 1. 0� encoding=�utf-8�?> <wax:wax xmlns:wax=�http://www.kargo.corn/wax� version=�O.9�> <wax:doc version=�1.0�> <wax:title>NY Nightlife</wax:title> <wax:block id=�splash�> <! --EXAMPLE 1 --> <wax : button href=�index?a=rnain� keytype=�accept� type=�go� labelid=�enter� /> <wax:p align=�center�> <! --EXAMPLE 2 --> <wax: img srcid=�logo� alt=�My Nightlife� border=�O� /> <wax:br/> <! --EXAMPLE 3 --> <wax: text id=�welcome� /> <! --EXAMPLE 4 --> <% if ((String)session.getAttribute(�lang�) = = null) out .println (�<wax:a href=\ �index?a=chlang\ �>Choose Language</wax:a>�); %> <wax:br/> <wax:br/> </wax:p> </wax:block> </wax:doc> </wax:wax> [0030] Example 1 shows the abstract nature of WAX. The <wax:button> element is displayed as a �soft-key� for WAP devices, but as a �link� for devices which understand only HTML. Examples 2 and 3 illustrate WAX's Dynamic Item Processing feature. In Example 1 the text �logo� is placed into the srcid attribute instead of the URL to the actual image. The text �logo� is used to index into a set of rules to determine the best image to display for the specific device. For example, the framework may determine that �logo.gif� is the best image for the given device or possibly that �logo-nok7100.wbmp� is the best image. WAX itself does not determine the �physical image� to display, only the �logical� image. Example 3 illustrates the same principal, but with text. The id �welcome� may be translated to �Bonjour� for users who specify French as their preferred language or possibly �Welcome to our site, please take a look around!� for wireless devices, having a larger display. Example 4 shows how Java code may be inserted directly into the WAX. In this case, a Java Server Page renders the WAX content, although WAX can be generated by many different web technologies like ASP or Perl CGI. [0031] Information is passed into the framework via an HTTP request from the mobile gateway. Some gateways identify the device and provide their own set of device capabilities, some gateways identify the device but do not provide capabilities, some gateways identify the �family� of the device, and others provide no identification. The MCF 8 retrieves any identifying information, processes it against a set of device-identification rules, and then informs the rest of the framework about the device. [0032] One of the most challenging aspects of delivering content to mobile devices is delivering the right format of content. Some phones only support i-bit BMP images, some PDAs support GIFs, and many browsers do not support images all. The same problem arises when providing text to a mobile device. Some screens are large and some are small. For example, it may be best to limit the size of a restaurant review to one sentence when communicating with a mobile phone, but one paragraph may be more appropriate when communicating with a PDA with much larger screen. The MCF 8 moves the decision as to which image or text element to display out of WAX, and into resource registries. The framework uses the registries to decide what is the best content to deliver to a device at any given time. The process of dynamically deciding what content to deliver is known as �Dynamic Item Selection�, and is used for both image and text selection. [0033] WAX is marked up with �logical� image and text identifiers. The processor looks up the �logical� identifier in the appropriate image or text registry, and processes rules to determine which is the best �physical� item. The WAX stream is filtered on the fly to represent the �physical� item. Rules can be placed into the registry to deliver content based on many different variables such as the actual type of device, a device's group (devices can be placed into many different groups, such as �big browser� or �color browser�, or �PDA�), and the user's preferred language (for serving different language pages without having to modify the page content). Built-in filename conventions allow images to be served to specific devices, and groups of devices, by naming the file in a certain way. Alternatively, if naming conventions are not followed, specific rules can be added to the image registry to associate an image with a device. [0034] Once a WAX stream has been generated, it is fed into the translation engine. First, the stream of WAX enters into a set of filters that alter many of the �logical� tags into �physical� tags. Then, WAX content is translated using any number of translation sheets. The stream can then be filtered through another level of processing in order to accommodate device requirements such as character encoding. [0035] The MCF 8 includes support for web-scraping technology. This allows content to be authored in HTML, translated to WAX, and then transformed into content best suited for the requesting device. Both translations occur without changing the originating HTML source. Since web-scraping goes through two separate translation steps, the process is always slower than authoring in WAX alone. However, web-scraping does serve a purpose: content developers can (a) easily and quickly get an existing HTML site onto the wireless web, and (b) it provides a learning bridge for building robust and full-featured applications using just WAX. In this model, content is still authored in WAX, however the WAX is embedded with rules that determine where in the HTML document to obtain dynamic content. In one embodiment, an automated testing environment will make sure content will displays correctly before they are deployed to a device. In another embodiment, smart agents are used to gather and transform content for a user at sign-on (i.e.: web-scraping based on device/user profiles). [0036] It will thus be seen that the invention attains the objects made apparent from the preceding description. Since certain changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative and not in a literal sense. Practitioners of the art will realize that the system configurations depicted and described herein are examples of multiple possible system configurations that fall within the scope of the current invention. Likewise, the sequence of steps utilized in the illustrated flowcharts are examples and not the exclusive sequence of steps possible within the scope of the present invention. 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Very Good. 0872201929 Item in very good condition and at a great price! Textbooks may not include supplemental items i.e. CDs, access codes etc...
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Good. [ No Hassle 30 Day Returns ] [ Edition: third ] Publisher: Hackett Publishing Company Pub Date: 10/1/1993 Binding: Paperback Pages: 59.

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Frank Benichou, Veolia Water Americas LLC: Profile & Biography - Bloomberg
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Henry Henderson Callahan (1868-1917) - Find A Grave Memorial
Henry Henderson Callahan
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