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Patent US6522237 - Electrode for PTC thermistor and method for producing the same, and PTC ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn electrode for a PTC thermistor of the present invention includes a base layer having electrical conductivity and a sintered layer formed on the base layer. The sintered layer is formed by sintering a conductive powder and has electrical conductivity, and has roughness on a surface thereof. Thus, the...http://www.google.com/patents/US6522237?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6522237 - Electrode for PTC thermistor and method for producing the same, and PTC thermistorAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6522237 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/432,821Publication dateFeb 18, 2003Filing dateNov 2, 1999Priority dateMay 10, 1999Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN1155012C, CN1273423A, US6558616, US20020011919Publication number09432821, 432821, US 6522237 B1, US 6522237B1, US-B1-6522237, US6522237 B1, US6522237B1InventorsMasahiko Ito, Masakazu Tanahashi, Toshiro Kume, Kouichi Morimoto, Junji Kojima, Emiko IgakiOriginal AssigneeMatsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (24), Referenced by (21), Classifications (10), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElectrode for PTC thermistor and method for producing the same, and PTC thermistorUS 6522237 B1Abstract An electrode for a PTC thermistor of the present invention includes a base layer having electrical conductivity and a sintered layer formed on the base layer. The sintered layer is formed by sintering a conductive powder and has electrical conductivity, and has roughness on a surface thereof. Thus, the present invention can provide an electrode for a PTC thermistor that has a large adhesion to the conductive polymer and can be produced easily.
What is claimed is: 1. An electrode for a PTC thermistor comprising a base layer formed of a metallic material having electrical conductivity and a sintered layer formed on the base layer, wherein the base layer has a thickness of 100 μm or less,
wherein the sintered layer is formed by sintering a conductive powder to have electrical conductivity and has a roughness on the a surface thereof, wherein a center line average roughness Ra of the sintered layer ranges from 0.5 μm to 20 μm, and the conductive powder is a powder comprising conductive particles with an average particle diameter from 0.1 μm to 50 μm that are linked one after another, a metal coating being formed on the conductive particles of the conductive power, the metal coating having a melting point lower than that of the base layer. 2. The electrode for a PTC thermistor according to claim 1, wherein the conductive powder comprises a first powder having electrical conductivity and a second powder having electrical conductivity,
wherein an average particle diameter of the first powder is at least twice the average particle diameter of the second powder. 3. The electrode for a PTC thermistor according to claim 2, wherein a content of the second powder in the conductive powder is not more than 60 wt %.
4. The electrode for a PTC thermistor according to claim 1, wherein the base layer has roughness on a surface thereof.
5. The electrode for a PTC thermistor according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the sintered layer is exposed.
6. The electrode for a PTC thermistor according to claim 1, wherein the sintered layer has a peel strength of 1 kgf/cm2 with a polyethylene sheet.
7. An electrode for a PTC thermistor comprising a base layer having electrical conductivity and a sintered layer formed on the base layer, wherein the base layer has a thickness of 100 μm or less,
wherein the sintered layer is formed by sintering a conductive powder to have electrical conductivity and has a roughness on the a surface thereof, wherein a center line average roughness Ra of the sintered layer ranges from 0.5 μm to 20 μm, a metal film between the base layer and the sintered layer, wherein the conductive powder is a powder comprising conductive particles that are linked one after another; and wherein the metal film is formed of nickel or a nickel-tin alloy, the base layer is formed of copper or a copper alloy, and the conductive powder is formed of a metallic material comprising nickel. 8. An electrode for a PTC thermistor comprising a base layer having electrical conductivity and a sintered layer formed on the base layer, wherein the base layer has a thickness of 100 μm or less,
wherein the sintered layer is formed by sintering a conductive powder to have electrical conductivity and has a roughness on the a surface thereof, and wherein the sintered layer comprises a first sintered layer and a second sintered layer laminated in this order from a side of the base layer, the first sintered layer is formed by sintering a conductive powder with an average particle diameter of 0.1 μm to 1 μm, and the second sintered layer is formed by sintering a conductive powder with an average particle diameter of not less than 1 μm, wherein a center line average roughness Ra of the sintered layer ranges from 0.5 μm to 20 μm, and the conductive powder is a powder comprising conductive particles that are linked one after another.
An electrode for a PTC thermistor of the present invention includes a base layer having electrical conductivity and a sintered layer formed on the base layer. The sintered layer is formed by sintering a conductive powder and has electrical conductivity, and has roughness on a surface thereof The present invention can provide an electrode for a PTC thermistor that has a large adhesion to the conductive polymer and can be produced easily.
A method for producing an electrode for a PTC thermistor of the present invention includes the first step of coating a surface of a base layer having electrical conductivity with a paste containing a conductive powder; and the second step of forming a sintered layer where the conductive powder is sintered by subjecting the paste to a heat treatment. The method for producing an electrode for a PTC thermistor of the present invention allows the electrode for a PTC thermistor of the present invention to be produced easily. Furthermore, the method for producing an electrode for a PTC thermistor of the present invention allows the sintered layers having various center line average roughnesses Ra to be formed easily by changing the particle diameter or shape of the conductive powder contained in the paste, or the film thickness of the sintered layer.
In the method for producing an electrode for a PTC thermistor of the present invention, preferably, the average particle diameter of the conductive powder is from 0.1 μm to 1 μm. The method further includes a third step of coating the sintered layer with a paste containing a conductive powder with an average particle diameter of not less than hum and performing a heat treatment so as to form another sintered layer laminated on the sintered layer. This embodiment makes it possible to laminate a dense sintered layer and a sintered layer having a large number of voids in this order from the side of the base layer, so that an electrode for a PTC thermistor including a sintered layer having large adhesion to the base layer and the conductive polymer can be produced.
In the PTC thermistor of the present invention, preferably, the center line average roughness Ra of the sintered layer is from 0.51 μm to 20 μm. This embodiment can provide a PTC thermistor having a particularly small change ratio in resistance when an overcurrent is applied repeatedly, because the adhesion between the electrodes and the conductive polymer is particularly large.
FIGS. 6(a), 6(b) and 6(c) shows a process sequence of an example of a method for producing a PTC thermistor of the present invention.
A metal film 13 may be formed on a surface of the base layer 11 (between the base layer 11 and the sintered layer 12). FIG. 2 shows an electrode 10 a for a PTC thermistor as an example of this case. The metal film 13 preferably contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, silver, gold, palladium, titanium, zinc, chromium, platinum, tin, cobalt, and indium. For example, nickel, copper, nickel boron, or nickel phosphorus can be used for the metal film 13. The thickness of the metal film 13 is 0.1. μm to 10 μm, preferably 1 μm to 3 μm.
Various particle diameters can be used for the conductive powder as a material of the sintered layer 12, but a conductive powder with an average particle diameter from b 0.1 μm to 50 μm is preferable.
A metal coating may be formed on the surfaces of the particles of the conductive powder. As the metal coating, for example, the same metallic material as that of the base layer 11, or a metallic material having a melting point lower than that of the base layer 11 can be used. The metal coating can be formed by plating, vapor deposition or the like.
Hereinafter, a method for measuring the center line average roughness Ra (B-0601 in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard)) will be described. The center line average roughness Ra is a parameter that indicates a surface roughness. More specifically, in a roughness curve having a reference length L, when the x-axis is along the direction of the average line, the y-axis is along the direction perpendicular to the average line, and the roughness curve is represented by y=f(x), the center line average roughness Ra is the value obtained by the following equation in 1 μm (refer to a schematic diagram of FIG. 5).
Equation 1 Ra = - 1 L  ∫ 0 L   f  ( x )     x The center line average roughness Ra can be measured easily with a commercially available measurement apparatus (e.g., Surfcom 550A manufactured by TOKYO SEIMITSU CO.,LTD.).
First, as shown in FIG. 6(a), the base layer 11 is prepared. In the case where the electrode 10 a is to be produced, the base layer 11 including the metal film 13 on the surface thereof is used. The metal film 13 can be formed by plating or vapor deposition. In order to produce the electrode 10 b for a PTC thermistor, the base layer 11 a having roughness on the surface thereof is used. The base layer 11 a can be formed by a treatment such as a chemical etching treatment, an electrolytic etching treatment, a sandblast treatment, a pressing treatment or metallicon (sprayed metal coating) or the like.
The paste 62 is obtained by adding the conductive powder (the material of the sintered layer 12) described in Embodiment 1 to a solvent in which a polymer compound (binder) is dissolved and kneading the mixture. As the solvent that is a material of the paste 62, an organic solvent such as butyl acetate, butyl cellosolve, butyl carbitol, a terpineol or alcohol, or water can be used. As the polymer compound (binder) that is a material of the paste 62, a cellulose based resin such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and cellulose nitrate, a polyvinyl alcohol based resin, a butyral based resin, an acrylic resin such as methyl methacrylate, a polyacetal resin, rosin or the like can be used.
In the binder removal portion 72, a heat treatment is performed at about 400� C. so as to dry the paste 62 with which the base layer 11 is coated and to remove the binder. It is preferable that the binder removal portion 72 is filled with a neutral atmosphere gas (e.g., nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide) or an oxidative atmosphere (e.g., air). Most preferably, the binder removal portion 72 is filled with a nitrogen gas with water vapor added. In order to sheet the paste 62, a pressing apparatus such as a roll is arranged between the coater portion 71 and the binder removal portion 72 In the firing portion 73, a heat treatment is performed at about 200� C. to 1200� C. so as to form the sintered layer 12. It is preferable that the firing portion 73 is filled with a reducing atmosphere gas (e.g., hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, hydrogen-carbon dioxide mixed gas, or these gases with water vapor added).
The PTC thermistor of the present invention can be of any structure, as long as the electrodes 10 are provided, and is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 8. For example, the PTC thermistor shown in FIG. 8 is provided with a pair of electrodes 10, but the PTC thermistor of the present invention can be provided with two or more pairs of electrodes for a PTC thermistor. Furthermore, the PTC thermistor of the present invention can be a surface mount type or axial type PTC thermistor, or a multilayered PTC thermistor provided with at least three electrodes for a PTC thermistor.
Example 1 A vehicle was prepared by mixing 5 wt % of a butyral resin, 2 wt % of dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer, and 45 wt % of butyl acetate and 48 wt % of butyl cellosolve as solvents (hereinafter, a vehicle having this mixing ratio is referred to as vehicle A). Then, 100 parts by weight of vehicle A and 100 parts by weight of a nickel powder (a conductive powder) with an average particle diameter of 4 μm were kneaded to prepare a paste. A copper foil 60 μm thick (base layer) was coated with this paste by a doctor blade method (the rate of the coating was 10 mm/sec, which also applies to the following examples) so that the thickness of the coating became 30 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 450� C. in a nitrogen gas or in the air so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 900� C. in a mixed gas of 55% of hydrogen and 45% of nitrogen (the percentage of the mixed gas is the ratio by volume, which also applies to the following examples) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was measured with Surfcom 550A (manufactured by TOKYO SEIMITSU CO., LTD.) (a cutoff value of 0.8 mm and a reference length of 2.5 mm). The result was 5.5 μm. In the following examples, the center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the sintered layer was measured in the same manner.
The resistance of the PTC thermistor was measured before and after the overcurrent application cycle test, and the change ratio in resistance before and after the overcurrent application cycle test was calculated. The change ratio in resistance is a value obtained by (the resistance after the test �the resistance before the test)/(the resistance before the test)�100(%). Table 1 shows an average value of the values obtained by measuring ten PTC thermistors of Example 1 (the values shown in Table 1 with respect to the following examples and the comparative example also are average values of ten PTC thermistors).
Ex. 1 40
Ex. 2 38
Ex. 3 42
Ex. 4 45
Ex. 5 48
Ex. 6 36
Ex. 7 42
Ex. 8 48
Ex. 9 41
Ex. 1 2.3
Ex. 2 2.2
Ex. 3 2.7
Ex. 4 2.5
Ex. 5 2.2
Ex. 6 2.1
Ex. 7 2.6
Ex. 8 2.2
Ex. 9 2.6
Example 6 In this Example, 80 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a gold powder (conductive powder) with an average particle diameter of 3 μm were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. A nickel foil 60 μm thick (base layer) was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 390� C. in a nitrogen gas or in the air so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 900� in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 2 μm.
In Example 7, the same results were obtained also when a copper foil or a nickel foil was used as the base layer. Furthermore, in Example 7, the sintering was possible in a gas having a hydrogen gas content of 0.1% to 100% (the same is true in the other examples). The sintering was completed in a shorter period of time when the binder was removed in a nitrogen gas than in the air. The sintering time was even shorter when the binder was removed in a nitrogen gas with water vapor added.
Example 10 In this Example, 120 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a conductive powder (a mixture of 80 g of a nickel powder with an average particle diameter of 3 μm and 20 g of a nickel powder with an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less) were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. Abase layer (a copper foil 60 μm thick) plated with nickel 1.5 μm thick was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 450� C. in a nitrogen gas or in the air so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 890� C. in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3 μm.
Example 13 In this Example, 5 g of rosin and 100 g of a terpineol as a solvent were mixed to give a vehicle. Then, 105 g of this vehicle and 100 g of a conductive powder (a mixture of 90 g of a copper powder with an average particle diameter of 3 μm and 10 g of a tin powder with an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less) were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. A copper foil 60 μm thick (base layer) was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 400� C. in a nitrogen gas so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 700� C. in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3.5 μm.
Example 18 In this Example, 100 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a nickel powder (conductive powder) with an average particle diameter of 3 μm were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. Abase layer (copper foil 60 μm thick) plated with nickel 1 μm thick was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 450� C. in a nitrogen gas or in the air so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 900� C. in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3 μm.
Example 19 In this Example, 100 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a nickel powder (conductive powder) with an average particle diameter of 3 μm were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. A base layer (copper foil 60 μm thick) plated with gold 1 μm thick was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment as performed at 450� C. in a nitrogen gas or in the air so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 950� C. in a mixed as (5% of hydrogen and 95% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3.5 μm.
Example 22 In this Example, 100 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a palladium powder (conductive powder) with an average particle diameter of 3 μm were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. Abase layer (iron foil 60 μm thick) plated with Co 0.1 μm thick was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 450� C. in a nitrogen gas or in the air so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 950� C. in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3 μm. When a copper foil or a nickel foil was used as the base layer, the center line average roughness Ra was the same as above.
Example 24 In this Example, 100 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a conductive powder (copper powder with an average particle diameter of 2 μm plated with nickel 0.5 μm thick) were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. Abase layer (iron foil 60 μm thick) plated with nickel 1 μm thick was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 450� C. in a nitrogen gas so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 900� C. in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3.5 μm. When a copper foil was used as the base layer, the center line average roughness Ra was the same as above.
Example 25 In this Example, 100 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a conductive powder (copper powder with an average particle diameter of 2 μm plated with tin 0.5 μm thick) were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. Abase layer (copper foil 60 μm thick) plated with nickel 1 μm thick was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 450� C. in a nitrogen gas so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 850� C. in a mixed gas (10% of hydrogen and 90% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3 μm.
Example 27 In this Example, 100 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a conductive powder (iron powder with an average particle diameter of 2 μm plated with platinum 0.5 μm thick) were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. Abase layer (copper foil 60 μm thick) plated with nickel 1 μm thick was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 450� C. in a nitrogen gas so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 950� C. in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3.5 μm.
When a copper powder plated with zinc, gold, platinum, silver, chromium, cobalt, indium or palladium was used as the conductive powder, the same results as above were obtained. Also when a copper powder plated with nickel phosphorus or nickel boron was used as the conductive powder, the same results as above were obtained. Also a when nickel powder plated with zinc, gold, platinum, chromium, cobalt, indium, copper, palladium, nickel phosphorus or nickel boron was used as the conductive powder, the same results as above were obtained. Also when an iron powder plated with tin, zinc, platinum, nickel, copper, silver, chromium, cobalt, indium, palladium, nickel phosphorus or nickel boron was used as the conductive powder, the same results as above were obtained. Also when a chromium powder plated with tin, zinc, platinum, nickel, copper, silver, cobalt, indium, gold, palladium, nickel phosphorus or nickel boron was used as the conductive powder, the same results as above were obtained. Also when a silver powder plated with tin, zinc, nickel, platinum, gold, copper, chromium, cobalt, indium, palladium, nickel phosphorus or nickel boron was used as the conductive powder, the same results as above were obtained. Also when a cobalt powder plated with tin, zinc, platinum, nickel, copper, silver, chromium, indium, gold, palladium, nickel phosphorus or nickel boron was used as the conductive powder, the same results as above were obtained. Also when a zinc powder, a platinum powder, a gold powder, or a tin powder plated with the above-mentioned metals or alloys thereof was used as the conductive powder, the same results as above were obtained. When the thickness of the plating was 0.1 μm to 2 μm, good results were obtained.
An electrode for a PTC thermistor having two sintered layers also can be produced in the following method. First, 130 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a conductive powder (a mixture of 5 g of a tin powder with an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm, 5 g of a zinc powder with an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm and 90 g of a nickel powder with an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm) were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a first paste. A base layer (a copper foil 60 μm thick) was coated with the first paste by a die coating method (at a coating rate of 10 mm/sec) so that the thickness of the coating became 5 μm. The coated first paste was dried. Next, a vehicle was prepared by mixing 5 wt % of a butyral resin, and 25 wt % of butyl acetate and 70 wt % of butyl cellosolve as solvents. Then, 100 g of this vehicle and 100 g of conductive powder (a mixture comprising 5 g of a tin powder with an average particle diameter of 2 μm, 5 g of a zinc powder with an average particle diameter of 2 μm and 90 g of a nickel powder with an average particle diameter of 2 μm) were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a second paste. The copper foil coated with the first paste was coated with the second paste by the doctor blade method at an coating rate of 10 mm/sec so that the thickness of the coating became 2 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 400� C. in a nitrogen gas so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 700� C. in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 1.7 μm. Then, a PTC thermistor was produced with the thus produced electrodes. The resulting PTC thermistor had a resistance value of 46 mΩ before the test, a resistance value of 68 mΩ after the test, a change ratio in resistance of 48%, a peel strength of 2.2 kgf/cm2.
Example 40 In this Example, 100 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a nickel powder (conductive powder) with an average particle diameter of 3 μm were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. Abase layer (a copper foil 60 μm thick) plated with nickel 1 μm thick was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. The copper foil as the base layer had been subjected to a sandblast treatment using alumina powder (that has passed through a 220-mesh) before the plating, so that the surface thereof was rough. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 390� C. in a nitrogen gas so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 890� C. in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3.5 μm.
Example 41 In this Example, 100 g of vehicle A and 100 g of a nickel powder (conductive powder) with an average particle diameter of 3 μm were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. A base layer (a copper foil 60 μm thick that had been subjected to chemical etching with 3 normal nitric acid so as to have roughness on the surface) was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 500� C. in a nitrogen gas so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 1000� C. in a mixed gas (50% of hydrogen and 50% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 3 μm.
Thereafter, a PTC thermistor was produced with two electrodes uproduced as above, in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, the overcurrent application cycle test and the peeling test were conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 (see Tables 1 and 2).
Example 47 In this Example, 100 g of an aqueous solution containing 3.5 wt % of methyl cellulose and 90 g of a nickel powder (conductive powder) with an average particle diameter of 2 μm were kneaded sufficiently to prepare a paste. A copper foil 60 μm thick (base layer) was coated with this paste by the doctor blade method, a reversible rolling method or a screen printing method (at a coating rate of 10 mm/sec) so that the thickness of the coating became 27 μm. Thereafter, a roll treatment or a heat pressing treatment was performed at 350� C. in a nitrogen gas, preferably including up to 5% of hydrogen gas. Thereafter, a heat treatment was performed at 450� C. so as to remove the binder. Then, another heat treatment was performed at 950� C. in a mixed gas (35% of hydrogen and 65% of nitrogen) for 5 minutes to form a sintered layer. Thus, an electrode for a PTC thermistor was obtained. The center line average roughness Ra of a surface of the thus formed sintered layer was 2 μm.
The adhesion between the base layer and the nickel powder became larger when the roll treatment or the heat pressing treatment was performed at high temperatures (e.g., 350� C. or more) rather than low temperatures such as room temperature.
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Ltd.PTC elementJPH0521208A Title not availableJPH09219302A Title not availableJPH10125504A Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6885279 *Jul 29, 2002Apr 26, 2005Catalytic Electrodes LimitedCarbon monoxide detectorUS6930586 *Sep 10, 2003Aug 16, 2005Catalytic Electrodes LimitedCarbon monoxide detectorUS6965293 *Jun 24, 2004Nov 15, 2005Lg Cable, Ltd.Electrical device having PTC conductive polymerUS6987440 *Jul 11, 2003Jan 17, 2006Tyco Electronics CorporationElectrical devices containing conductive polymersUS7154736May 8, 2001Dec 26, 2006Epcos AgCeramic multi-layer element and a method for the production thereofUS7215235 *Apr 8, 2004May 8, 2007Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., LtdConductive substrate with resistance layer, resistance board, and resistance circuit boardUS7248141 *Jul 2, 2004Jul 24, 2007Koa Kabushiki KaishaCurrent fuse and method of making the current fuseUS7304562 *Mar 8, 2005Dec 4, 2007Tdk CorporationOrganic PTC thermistor and productionUS7532101 *Apr 24, 2003May 12, 2009Tyco Electronics Raychem K.K.Temperature protection deviceUS7633374 *Apr 14, 2003Dec 15, 2009Epcos AgPositive temperature coefficient (PTC) component and method for the production thereofUS7692361 *Jan 25, 2006Apr 6, 2010Hitachi, Ltd.Actuator and material for the actuatorUS7791450 *Dec 30, 2008Sep 7, 2010Joinset Co., Ltd.Ceramic component and method of manufacturing the sameUS7887713 *Dec 23, 2003Feb 15, 2011Epcos AgMethod for producing an electronic componentUS8026787 *Feb 15, 2007Sep 27, 2011Joinset Co., Ltd.Ceramic component element and ceramic component and method for the sameUS8044763 *Feb 5, 2010Oct 25, 2011Polytronics Technology Corp.Surface-mounted over-current protection deviceUS8362871 *Oct 28, 2009Jan 29, 2013Shocking Technologies, Inc.Geometric and electric field considerations for including transient protective material in substrate devicesUS8558556Jan 3, 2011Oct 15, 2013Tegam, Inc.Planar-axial thermistor for bolometryUS20100109834 *Oct 28, 2009May 6, 2010Lex KosowskyGeometric and electric field considerations for including transient protective material in substrate devicesUSRE44224 *Jan 18, 2012May 21, 2013Polytronics Technology Corp.Surface-mounted over-current protection deviceCN101236811BFeb 27, 2008Jun 2, 2010石开轩Passive electrode method for heat-sensitive resistorWO2012094003A1 *Jan 5, 2011Jul 12, 2012Tegam, Inc.Planar-axial thermistor for bolometry* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification338/22.00R, 338/22.0SD, 428/548, 428/615International ClassificationH01C1/14, H01C7/02Cooperative ClassificationH01C1/1406, H01C7/027European ClassificationH01C1/14B, H01C7/02DLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJul 21, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 21, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jan 27, 2004CCCertificate of correctionNov 2, 1999ASAssignmentOwner name: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ITO, MASAHIRO;TANAHASHI, MASAKAZU;KUME, TOSHIRO;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010369/0160Effective date: 19991022Owner name: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. OAZA-KADORotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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This website is a Christian catalog and internet retailer.
Christian Book Distributors was started in 1978 by Stephen Hendrickson, 19 years old and a sophomore at Central Bible College in Springfield, Missouri, out of his parents’ home in Lynn, Massachusetts.


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Words containing disinur | Words that contain disinur
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From part exchange to deposit matching, are new build home offers worth it? | Daily Mail Online
07:19 EST, 31 January 2012
With the housing market at a standstill and first-time buyers struggling to qualify for mortgages, builders of new build homes are offering a range of incentives in order to shift their stock.These include shared equity, deposit matching and part exchange. Some developers will even pay interest on money lent to you by your parents. But are these perks any good and do you really want to buy a new build anyway? Enlarge
The new build sector has certainly suffered in recent years. The over-valuation of new builds in the heady pre-credit crunch days means many lenders now shy away from lending on this type of property. However, some pundits are upbeat about buying this type property and say there are still some bargains to be had. ‘For new builds, there are undoubtedly some decent deals still available and as with anything it is about doing some research,’ says Andrew Montlake of mortgage broker Coreco, ‘In the right areas demand for property should keep prices level and whilst there is always a slight premium for new build do not be afraid to make an offer and haggle just as you would on any other property.’Since the slump, help for the new build sector and first-time buyers has come in the form of Government schemes such as FirstBuy Direct, a shared equity scheme, which helps first-timers struggling to raise a decent deposit. There are also a number of similar shared equity schemes offered by home builders.What's on offer from the developers?Higgins Homes’ Step Up scheme, Persimmon’s Helping Hand and Miller Homes’ Mi Way all offer 15 per cent equity loans which are rent or interest-free for a certain amount of time. The buyer generally needs to raise a 5 per cent deposit and obtain a mortgage for the other 80 per cent.But before signing up for a shared equity scheme check that if property prices fall, the amount owed under any shared equity scheme falls with it. And bear in mind that if prices rise, the cost of buying back the unowned equity share will also increase.House builders also have several schemes which help borrower out with deposits. Persimmon offers Parent Payback which allows parents or other close relatives to provide up to 20 per cent deposit towards a first time buyer’s home. The money earns 5 per cent interest per annum for two years. Miller Homes offers a similar scheme Family Deposit incentive, also with 5 per cent interest on the money. It’s a pretty good rate of interest at the moment but parents should remember the money will be inaccessible until the property is remortgaged at an appropriate loan-to-value.Miller also offers Miller Deposit Match whereby the home builder matches the amount a customer saves for their new home deposit, up to 5% of the purchase price, meaning the borrower will need a 90 per cent mortgage as opposed to 95 per cent. Elsewhere Fairview New Homes offers a ‘Fresh Start’ package, seemingly aimed at divorcees, which offers a furniture package or help with child maintenance. Alternatively David Wilson Homes gives Armed Services personnel buying through FirstBuy a £500 ‘Choices’ voucher for every £25,000 they spend on their new home. The vouchers can be spent on fixtures and fittings.Mortgage lenders are still wary?However, mortgage lenders are still nervous about new build properties due to the fact that they are notoriously hard to value correctly. Hence many lenders will limit the maximum loan-to-value (LTV, the percentage of a property’s value borrowed as a mortgage) they allow. ‘Whilst some will allow builders’ incentives they all have to be carefully explained up front and verified,’ explains Montlake, ‘They will all prefer to see the buyer putting in some of the deposit monies themselves rather than relying wholly on the builder’s incentive.’Part exchange: no chain and a step up the ladderFor movers trading up the ladder, several home builders offer part exchange schemes which allow homeowners to trade in their existing property in part exchange for a new build property. Linden Homes, Bellway, Miller Homes, Persimmon, Bloor Homes and Barratt all offer this.Although this saves money on estate agents’ fees and provides a guaranteed buyer straight away, the downside is that you probably won’t receive the full market value for your property.However, with property not shifting quickly at the moment, a part exchange deal could mean the difference between moving and not moving.Ray Boulger, senior technical manager at mortgage broker John Charcol says part exchange takes away a lot of the hassle of a private sale, especially if a private sale would probably be in a chain. ‘Different people will put a different value on that but I think part exchange can be particularly useful in a quiet market or if a quick sale is needed, perhaps to snap up a new property the developer is trying to sell at a good price because it is desperate for some more completions by its year end or half year end,’ he says.One potential pitfall is that not all homes will be deemed suitable for home exchange. You will also need to be buying a significantly more expensive property with the one you’re trading in usually worth no more than 70 or 75 per cent of the new build’s value. Always negotiate and be careful what you sign up forEven if a home builder is offering incentives, help with deposits, or part exchange, buyers should still negotiate on the price of any property they’re buying. ‘With any sales environment there are always high pressure tactics used to get people to commit and sign on the dotted line there and then,’ says Montlake, ‘I have always believed that the higher pressure exerted the more desperate a salesperson is and if you can hold firm, taking time to think about things logically, you will actually achieve a better deal and be more comfortable with it.’

value: This website is the website of the Daily Mail, a newspaper in the United Kingdom, and of its sister paper The Mail on Sunday. MailOnline is a division of dmg media, which is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc.


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Top 10 Hotels in Villagrande, Italy | Hotels.comEnglish (United States)Book online or call 800-246-8357This call is free. 24 hours a day; 7 days a week.HotelsHotel DealsPackages & FlightsGroupsGift CardsHelpWebsite feedbackSign in & AccountSign inCreate an accountYour bookingsReview a hotelHotels.com® RewardsYour bookingsHotelsHotels in ItalyVillagrande HotelsHotels in Villagrande, ItalySearch & Compare Villagrande HotelsCity, landmark, hotel name, address or zip codeCheck inCheck out I don’t know my datesRooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617Show dealsGet Secret Prices on select hotelsThese prices aren’t available to everyone.Unlock nowTrending now in VillagrandeMost bookedHotel TitanoGood 3.9 / 5( 100 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 182 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Wonderful hotel with great restaurant. Highly recommend this hotel"A Traveller, Sep 2016, USGrand Hotel San MarinoExcellent 4.1 / 5( 101 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 176 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"This hotel was excellent. The desk staff did a fantastic job. Katerina was very helpful. We got in late and it was rainy and foggy. She helped us get settled, get the car parked and provided directions to several places we wanted to visit. The breakfast was super with a wide selection and t..."A Traveller, Oct 2016, USHotel San Marino iDesignExcellent 4.2 / 5( 70 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 113 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Hotel is beautiful and Room very spacious but like every thing that involve Design usually loose in functionality. Staff friendly and helpful."A Traveller, Jun 2016, SGGrand Hotel PrimaveraExcellent 4.1 / 5( 98 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 111 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Hotel is on main highway to historic area and very brightly painted but we missed it. Getting back to it is difficult due to divided highway. BE VIGILENT
Very nicely decorated hotel, good for parties and receptions."A Traveller, Sep 2016, USHotel JoliExcellent 4.2 / 5( 121 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 111 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Very relaxing stay. San Marino is a tiny but wonderful location. Fresh air and nice places. The view from our room was spectacular."A Traveller, Mar 2016, GBHotel CesareExcellent 4.3 / 5( 154 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 108 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"The staff could not have been more helpful We arrived by bus in the rain and dark and were unsure how to proceed. The manager, herself, came to pick us up. This shows the kindness of all the staff. While the room was a bit small, the location was excellent and the attached restaurant not to ..."A Traveller, Nov 2016, USHotel RossiExcellent 4.1 / 5( 57 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 101 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"We stayed here as we didn't want to be in the main town area. The hotel was handy for the bus from Rimini, it did involve crossing 4 lanes of traffic to go the other way though! We didn't have a car so relied on the bus which runs around 1 every 1.5hrs, the hotel is on a hill and there are no pat..."A Traveller, Sep 2016, GBHotel RosaExcellent 4.5 / 5( 138 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 91 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"A beautiful room with a view of the country side below the mountain the San Marino sit on. A view of castle ruins from the 11th century. The room was warm and beautiful. Very spacious with a tub for 2 and hot water to fill it! The staff were warn and helpful.
"A Traveller, Nov 2016, USGarden Village San MarinoExcellent 4.1 / 5( 25 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 12 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"The hotel accommodations are nice chalets with cooking facilities. Parking next to the chalets. The restaurant in the complex was good. However, there was no breakfast. There is a minimarket in the complex where you can buy food. The hotel is fairly close to the San Marino castle."E, May 2016, USSilvanaGood 3.9 / 5( 14 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 5 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Owner Mario was fabulous! Great restraunt in hotel."A Traveller, May 2014, USSee more hotels in Villagrande, ItalyPay now or later on most roomsFree cancellation on most roomsPrice GuaranteeMap of Villagrande hotelsBest hotels in VillagrandeWith hotels.com we help you find the best hotels in Villagrande, Italy.
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We will always remember Thanksgiving in Michigan this year... : picsjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfivefoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionspopular-all-random | AskReddit-funny-pics-videos-todayilearned-worldnews-gifs-news-movies-gaming-aww-Showerthoughts-mildlyinteresting-LifeProTips-IAmA-Jokes-OldSchoolCool-nottheonion-television-space-photoshopbattles-dataisbeautiful-Music-TwoXChromosomes-sports-personalfinance-explainlikeimfive-science-food-askscience-GetMotivated-EarthPorn-books-UpliftingNews-history-Futurology-WritingPrompts-tifu-Art-nosleep-gadgets-creepy-Documentaries-DIY-philosophy-listentothis-InternetIsBeautiful-announcements-blogmore » picscommentsWant to join? Log in or sign up in seconds.|Englishlimit my search to r/picsuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 26 Nov 20120 points (33% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit an imagepicsunsubscribesubscribe16,080,836 readers19,723 users here nowA place to share photographs and pictures. Feel free to post your own, but please read the rules first (see below), and note that we are not a catch-all for general images (of screenshots, comics, etc.)
a community for 9 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSqgyh2Deadbeat dadkrispykrackers/r/IDontWorkHereLadyBritishEnglishPolicemod copjamt9000HAL9000GuitarFreak027in the guitar sheetsroger_no fun allowedroger_botbeernerdliving the High LifePicsModeemiiilyybbbrrokken keyyboaard...and 22 more »discussions in r/pics<>X34.3k · 920 comments Waiter helping to feed disabled lady so her husband can finish his meal. Good job good man.2284 · 135 comments This is what a US warship looks like unsubmerged...59.8k · 4523 comments Just because you are offended...2628 · 66 comments Refinished Stairs809 · 27 comments Left a note for the surgeons before he enters open heart surgery1513 · 23 comments Spotted in Mexico995 · 138 comments As we're sharing 'Before and After' Anorexia pics, here's one I just found.· 24 comments Play Dough Time.904 · 24 comments Entitled little brats308 · 53 comments TIL Scientists lit a hole filled with natural gas on fire in 1971, thinking it would burn for only a few days. The hole has been burning for the past 46 years and is called "The Door to Hell"This is an archived post. You won't be able to vote or comment.
000We will always remember Thanksgiving in Michigan this year... (gifsoup.com)submitted 4 years ago by [deleted]2 commentsall 2 commentssorted by: besttopnewcontroversialoldrandomq&alive (beta)[–]wojosmith 0 points1 point2 points 4 years ago (1 child)I am a Bear fan but I feel for you guys. Last year they took away a win from you and gave it away to us "continuation rule". Then last Sunday's game with that stupid "no review rule". permalinkembedsavegive gold[–][deleted] 0 points1 point2 points 4 years ago (0 children)Exactly, thanks!
permalinkembedsaveparentPosts are automatically archived after 6 months.Got Itaboutblogaboutsource codeadvertisecareershelpsite rulesFAQwikireddiquettemod guidelinescontact usapps & toolsReddit for iPhoneReddit for Androidmobile websitebuttons<3reddit goldredditgiftsUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. © 2017 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.Advertise - lifestylescreate a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember mesign uplog inusername:password:remember mereset passwordlog inBy signing up, you agree to our Terms and that you have read our Privacy Policy and Content Policy.English [en]Afrikaans [af] (*)العربية [ar] (*)Беларуская мова [be] (*)български език [bg]বাংলা [bn-IN] (*)বাংলা [bn-bd] (*)Bosanski [bs] (*)català [ca]česky [cs]Cymraeg [cy] (*)dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo] (*)español [es]español [es-ar]español [es-cl]Español [es-mx]eesti keel [et] (*)Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]Filipino [fil] (*)français [fr]Français [fr-ca]Frysk [fy-NL] (*)Gaeilge [ga-ie] (*)Gàidhlig [gd]Galego [gl] (*)עברית [he] (*)मानक हिन्दी [hi] (*)hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id] (*)íslenska [is]italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la] (*)1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt] (*)latviešu valoda [lv]Bahasa Melayu [ms] (*)Malti [mt-MT]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl] (*)српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh]简化字 [zh-cn] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 93007 on app-441 at 2017-03-30 23:14:22.667824+00:00 running 0609c3f country code: US.

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McDonald's New Jersey restaurant has no indoor seating for on-the-go customers | Daily Mail Online
It comes with an outdoor walk-up window, a drive-thru window - and no inside dining room
The restaurant is not far from the Holland Tunnel and is aimed at those who are on-the-go
Customers for the Jersey City Mickey D's spend around 90 seconds waiting
Published: 13:59 EDT, 9 April 2016 | Updated: 18:18 EDT, 9 April 2016
A McDonald's location Jersey City, New Jersey, is giving new meaning to the term 'fast food.'
It comes with an outdoor walk-up window, a drive-thru window - and no inside dining room, Business Insider reported.
The restaurant is not far from the Holland Tunnel and is aimed at those who are on-the-go, the website explained.
A McDonald's location Jersey City, New Jersey, is giving new meaning to the term 'fast food.' It comes with an outdoor walk-up window, a drive-thru window - and nowhere inside for guests to sit
Is this the most obvious undercover boss ever? 6ft 8in... Pret A Manger chief executive apologises to mother after...
Customers for the Jersey City Mickey D's spend around 90 seconds waiting - far less than 3 minutes and 9.5 seconds, which was McDonald's average 2015 drive-thru waiting time, Business Insider reported.
There are several other dining room-free McDonald's in the United States, according to the website.
For those looking to sit down with their Big Macs and Quarter-Pounders, there is some hope.
A photo of the McDonald's shows there are a few benches outside near the walk-up window.
McDonald's did not immediately return a Saturday afternoon email message seeking comment from DailyMail.com.
For those looking to sit down with their Big Macs and Quarter-Pounders, there is some hope. A photo of the McDonald's shows there are a few benches outside near the walk-up window
McDonald's new restaurant has no seating - Business Insider


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Search: 3035
HARS histidyl-tRNA synthetase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]
Gene ID: 3035, updated on 17-Jun-2019
Ensembl:ENSG00000170445 MIM:142810
Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 24.1), skin (RPKM 18.9) and 25 other tissues See more
109.20190607 current GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39) 5 NC_000005.10 (140673904..140691727, complement)
105 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (140053490..140071681, complement)
Genomic Sequence: NC_000005.10 Chromosome 5 Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly NG_032158.1 RefSeqGene NC_000005.9 Chromosome 5 Reference GRCh37.p13 Primary Assembly
Substrate interaction defects in histidyl-tRNA synthetase linked to dominant axonal peripheral neuropathy. Abbott JA, et al. Hum Mutat, 2018 Mar. PMID 29235198, Free PMC Article
The Usher Syndrome Type IIIB Histidyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutation Confers Temperature Sensitivity. Abbott JA, et al. Biochemistry, 2017 Jul 18. PMID 28632987
Evolutionary gain of highly divergent tRNA specificities by two isoforms of human histidyl-tRNA synthetase. Lee YH, et al. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2017 Jul. PMID 28321488
Loss of function mutations in HARS cause a spectrum of inherited peripheral neuropathies. Safka Brozkova D, et al. Brain, 2015 Aug. PMID 26072516, Free PMC Article
Secreted histidyl-tRNA synthetase splice variants elaborate major epitopes for autoantibodies in inflammatory myositis. Zhou JJ, et al. J Biol Chem, 2014 Jul 11. PMID 24898250, Free PMC Article
Title: Substrate interaction defects in histidyl-tRNA synthetase linked to dominant axonal peripheral neuropathy.
Title: Evolutionary gain of highly divergent tRNA specificities by two isoforms of human histidyl-tRNA synthetase.
Title: The Usher Syndrome Type IIIB Histidyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutation Confers Temperature Sensitivity.
MedGen: C4225265 OMIM: 616625 GeneReviews: Not available
MedGen: C3281066 OMIM: 614504 GeneReviews: Not available
D5S1658E (e-PCR)
UniSTS:151047
D5S1691E (e-PCR)
UniSTS:151079
RH67434 (e-PCR)
UniSTS:90173
SHGC-17214 (e-PCR)
UniSTS:13455
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 220 organisms have orthologs with human gene HARS
5017..22482
NM_001258040.2 → NP_001244969.1 histidine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform 2
ENSP00000411511.2, ENST00000438307.6
Location:56 → 461
ENSP00000387893.2, ENST00000457527.6
Location:56 → 481
Location:69 → 374
Location:388 → 479
ENSP00000304668.3, ENST00000307633.7
Location:56 → 441
ENSP00000411085.2, ENST00000415192.6
Location:69 → 320
ENSP00000393244.2, ENST00000431330.6
Location:61 → 387
ENSP00000430063.1, ENST00000504366.5
Location:40 → 365
Location:2 → 20
NM_002109.6 → NP_002100.2 histidine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform 1
ENSP00000425634.1, ENST00000504156.7
P12081.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P12081
Human cDNA clones used in NEDO Project / AK293154
Human cDNA clones used in NEDO Project / AK302295
Human cDNA clones used in NEDO Project / AK303778
HARS histidyl-tRNA synthetase [Homo sapiens]
Gene ID:3035
3035[uid] AND (alive[prop]) (1)

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Issa: Document dump shows Holder ‘at the heart’ of Fast and Furious debate | Fox News
Issa reacts to Holder attacking him in Fast and Furious docs
Attorney general goes after 'idiot' critics in emails released by White House

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"sorry for the loss,may God touch your lives,and give you peace....dbg" View full Guest Book (6 entries)

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Product Delivery Manager-Do you want autonomy to foster a culture of innovation? at Zonal Retail Data Systems - Stack Overflow
Product Delivery Manager-Do you want autonomy to foster a culture of innovation?
Zonal Retail Data Systems | Edinburgh, UK
Industry: Information Technology, Point of Sale, Software Development
agilec#phpproductsoftware-design
You and your team will operate with a large degree of autonomy, with choices about process and technology stack. We will look for you to be responsible ensuring your team remain aligned with the overall strategy and process striking the right balance between consistency and flexibility
You will take charge and be responsible for enabling the commercial success of your product or products, which includes both the operations of the product (uptime, performance and user experience) and the successful delivery of the product roadmap (features)
It will be your responsibility to monitor and report on the production usage of your product/products; ensuring pro-active steps are taken to stay one step ahead of customer demand; where customers may be internal or external.
You will keep a strategic view of the demands on, and limitations to the products and use this to constantly improve the operations of the product.
Through your team(s) continually deliver products, or projects, using the appropriate agile project management methodology
It will be your role to make sure the team is performing to its optimum capability while maintaining good practice and achieving a high level of quality and low team turnover.
We want you to lead the collaborative, dynamic planning process – prioritising the work that needs to be done against the capacity and capability of the team.
You will enable and foster a culture of innovation and professionalism within the team where there is clear ownership and accountability, and where individuals take pride in their deliverables and creating a positive customer impact.
We will value your expertise as a Delivery Manager to recruit, develop, coach, motivate and performance manage those in your team.
We would like you to actively participate in the Product Delivery community, sharing and re-applying skills and knowledge and bringing in best practice.
You’ll work with the Product Function to help define the roadmap for any given product ensuring that delivery timescales are achievable, realistic and commercially viable.
Ensure your team are able to provide the necessary support, in and out of hours, to our customers. Drive improvements in this support.
You will be expected build a technology function where teams and products are loosely coupled but tightly aligned: We don’t want tight dependencies between products as that makes delivery more complicated, but we do need all products improving the overall solution and heading in the same direction
Given your expertise we will ask you to ensure a balance between consistency and flexibility: teams need freedom when it comes to process and technology choices, but when appropriate it has to be consistent between teams.
You will have a background working in a software Product Delivery environment.
Most likely you will have spent some of career as a contributing member of a delivery team.
We want you and your leadership skills on-board, you’ll be the go to person to help get things done.
It goes without saying you’ll have an understanding of Agile principles and techniques.
As a natural, confident and clear communicator you will have experience liaising with technical and non-technical teams and across organisational boundaries.
You’ll be experienced in communicating with support staff, delivery team members and C-Level executives and know how to tailor your communications to the audience.
You will be motivated by getting things done, and getting them done in the right way, first time; you are laser focussed on achieving the best outcome.
As a valued Manager within the business, we would like to be aware of the business and commercial pressures relevant to your teams, your dynamic leadership skills will pragmatically balance delivery against the pressure – you realise that we don’t always operate in a perfect world and it will be necessary for you to make difficult decisions from time to time.
You will have experience of rapid business changes and be able to keep your team motivated, energised and on track through these periods.
Using your communication skills you will keep key stakeholders aware of progress against plans and help mitigate risks. You will understand that the identification of risks and issues is not enough – when escalating you will provide recommendations and solutions.
Being accountable for delivery of multiple projects and those factors which make delivery successful or unsuccessful, you will use this knowledge to ensure positive outcome and build a track record of delivering software releases on time and within budget
Ability to work closely with other key functions which may include Product Management, Infrastructure teams, DevOps team to enable delivery.
Life at Zonal Retail Data Systems
About Zonal Retail Data Systems
We’re serious about R&D innovation, service and delivery but we also know how to have fun along the way – how couldn’t you when working for such a dynamic sector!!!
Here's a snapshot on how some of our talented staff feel about working for Zonal:-
May Farag Chouchan - Started with Zonal in May 2018
Q: What is your identification with our company goals?
A: I am May, a Software Engineer from Egypt. I moved to Edinburgh last year, and my job at Zonal is my first in the UK.
In coming to this country, I was nervous I wouldn’t be accepted, but everyone at Zonal has been friendly, welcoming and helpful. I feel really at home in my Agile team, and I’ve made some fantastic relationships with talented and passionate people.
Q: Are you able to be creative in the work you do with Zonal?
A: My day to day work is innovative and exciting, and I get to work with the newest frontend technologies, such as React, and backend technologies, such as .NET core. This is great for my self-development, as it’s giving me valuable exposure to cutting edge tech.
Q: How do you find your physical workspace at Zonal?
A: I’m given the autonomy at Zonal to be creative, which allows me to find inventive ways to achieve the goals that I’m set. Zonal’s central location is perfect for me – only a ten minute walk from my flat, but there’s also lots of provisions for cyclists. Our office is bright, open and modern, which is great for collaborative work
Jamie Johnstone started working with Zonal 6 half years ago. He joined the business as a Grad and has very successfully progressed his career to a very well respected Senior Developer
Q: What are the personal growth opportunities like within Zonal?
A: The teams structure and work atmosphere at Zonal provides a fantastic platform for personal development. In 6 years at Zonal I have progressed from a temporary summer intern before the final year of my degree to senior developer working on one of the companies leading products. In that time I’ve been a part of various teams/products, and had the opportunity to work with various technologies – which has been pivotal in my learning.
Q: Do you feel Zonal offers good team working?
A: Zonal generally works in small teams, consisting of people in roles catering for all aspect of the delivery of their product (planning, development, testing, release, etc). The open and relaxed atmosphere is a key part of Zonal’s work culture, encouraging simple communication within and outside of teams, and allows all team members to be working alongside one-another to ensure the delivery of their product.
Q: What is the management structure like at Zonal?
A: I think the fact that Zonal is a family owned business is still present throughout the company, with management at all levels (from team leads, to company directors) actively involved with teams in all aspects of product delivery. This familiarity is really important as it encourages open communications between team members and management, and ensures a nice work atmosphere.
Competitive salary + Annual salary review
Annual profit share entitlement
33 days holidays per year (Includes public holidays) Buy & Sell 5 days
Corporate Healthcare Cash Plan
Relaxed dress code with flexible working hours for some departments
My Zone - A one stop shop full of exclusive benefits and discounts
Finder fee scheme - £1000 paid if you introduce a new member of staff
Free breakfast, fruit, tea & coffee and endless soft drinks
Breakout rooms, Pool table & table tennis room to chillout in
M Chouchan
Learn more about Zonal Retail Data…
More jobs at Zonal Retail Data Systems
Zonal Retail Data Systems - Edinburgh, UK
scrumagileahatfsc#
DevOps Engineer - Docker/Kubernetes - do you want to implement new technologies?
azure-devopsjsonmicroservicesdockerkubernetes
Lead Xamarin Developer, Passionate for turning product features into releases
xamarinmobilec#iosandroid
Lead C# Developer. Do you want to lead the design & architecture of products?
c#javascripthtmlcssangular-fullstack
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Product Delivery Manager-Do you want autonomy to foster a culture of innovation? at Zonal Retail Data Systems

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of 83results123NextMap ViewSponsoredJackson Susan Music Bac M MMRedwood City, CA 94061(650) 600-3493WebsiteMore InfoBronstein Music(1)363 Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA 94080(650) 351-4341WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoWest Valley Music1350 Grant Rd Suite 11, Mountain View, CA 94040(650) 961-1566Contact Us for InformationDirectionsMore InfoDidn't find what you were looking for?magnifying glassPlease help others by helping us do better.Suggest a BusinessHelpful Reviews Joy Han's Piano Studiosamzand ratedJoy Han is the best Piano teacher I have ever hadIt’s been 6 months that I go to Joy's class and I have already felt a huge progress. When I started I was considered as a beginner; however, I played Level V -VI Beethoven Fur Elise in the student recital last month. She has been teaching the piano for 35 years now. Joy is absolutely the most skilful and knowledgeable teacher I have ever had. She loves the piano, music and art and knows how to transfer this feeling to the students and motivate them to practice and enjoy it at the same time. She has many students from all the ages most of the students have started with her since they were in kindergarten or so and they continue for more than 10 years. She has students from all cultures and nationalities. At her last student piano recital in Foster City community center you could find from 5 to 70 year old students. In the class Joy covers all the topics such as Theory, Etudes, Technique, playing different composers, Music history, composition and ear training so forth. In addition to teaching the piano Joy is a Fantastic Piano player and classical music composer too. At the end I must add that Joy got a great personality full of energy, motivation to learn and teach and honesty and humanity. I strongly recommend her. AboutAbout UsSite FeedbackContact UsAdvertise with UsCareers - We're HiringCorporate BlogEngineering BlogLegal

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4.10 (1247 ratings) Is there really such thing as a lucky charm? The hero of Nicholas Sparks's new novel believes he's found one in the form of a photograph of a smiling woman he's never met, but who he comes to believe holds the key to his destiny. The chain of events that leads to him possessing the photograph and finding the woman pictured in it is the stuff of love stories only a master such as Sparks can write.

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text:
Christianbook.com: A Cappella Kids - A Grammy Award Winner [Music Download]: Maranatha! Kids
CBD Stock No: WWDLF136943-CP
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9. No Not One/What A Friend We Have In Jesus
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Format: Music DownloadVendor: Maranatha MusicPublication Date: 2011UPC: 762093503454Availability: In Stock
I'm the author/artist and I want to review A Cappella Kids - A Grammy Award Winner [Music Download].


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BBC Radio 1 - Rob da Bank, Rosie Lowe and Clean Bandit! The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website. We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Change settings Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Skip to content Accessibility Help BBC iD Notifications
HomeEpisodesClipsGalleriesRob on PlaylisterBusking at the BBCRob da Bank's Alarm CallProfileContact Sorry, this episode is not currently available on BBC iPlayer Radio Rosie Lowe and Clean Bandit! Rob da Bank Rosie Lowe's in session from Maida Vale for Rob with three tracks - 'Right Thing', 'Me & Your Ghost' and 'Games' - all taken from her Right Thing EP.Plus Clean Bandit have an Alarm Call for you to download for FREE - you'll know them at the moment from the huge smash 'Rather Be' featuring Jess Glynne.
Add Release date: 25 January 2014 2 hours Last on Sat 25 Jan 2014 05:00 BBC Radio 1 More episodes Previous Lizzo Alarm and Wayward Guest Mix! View Programme information Next Amine Edge and JFB 90s mix! View Programme information See all episodes from Rob da Bank Clips See all clips from Rosie Lowe and Clean Bandit! Music and featured items See all from Rosie Lowe and Clean Bandit! Broadcast See all broadcasts of Rosie Lowe and Clean Bandit! (1) You may also like View all Similar programmes By genre: Music > Dance & Electronica Music > Rock & Indie Home {{/each}}

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