text:
Patent US6980404 - Method and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of a spin valve ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA giant magnetoresistance (GMR) head for magnetic storage systems, the GMR head having a free layer with improved soft magnetic properties while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects. The free layer comprises an alloy comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight...http://www.google.com/patents/US6980404?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6980404 - Method and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of a spin valve while retaining high giant magnetoresistanceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6980404 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/289,105Publication dateDec 27, 2005Filing dateNov 6, 2002Priority dateNov 6, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20040085689Publication number10289105, 289105, US 6980404 B2, US 6980404B2, US-B2-6980404, US6980404 B2, US6980404B2InventorsJames Mac Freitag, Mustafa PinarbasiOriginal AssigneeHitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (1), Classifications (14), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of a spin valve while retaining high giant magnetoresistanceUS 6980404 B2Abstract A giant magnetoresistance (GMR) head for magnetic storage systems, the GMR head having a free layer with improved soft magnetic properties while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects. The free layer comprises an alloy comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentage of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
1. A method for forming a spin valve sensor, comprising:
forming a pinned layer; forming a spacer layer; and forming a free layer disposed on the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming the free layer further comprises forming an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x is substantially equal to 81%, y is substantially equal to 11% and z is substantially equal to 8%.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming of the pinned layer further comprises forming a ferromagnetic material.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming of the pinned layer further comprises an antiferromagnetic coupled structure.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming a free layer disposed on the spacer layer further comprises forming a free layer comprising an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
6. A thin film magnetoresistive (MR) spin valve read sensor comprising:
a pinned layer; a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer; and a free layer being disposed upon the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively. 7. The sensor of claim 6 wherein the free layer further comprises an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x is substantially equal to 81%, y is substantially equal to 11% and z is substantially equal to 8%.
8. The sensor of claim 6 wherein the free layer comprises an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
9. The sensor of claim 6 wherein the pinned layer comprises ferromagnetic material.
10. The sensor of claim 6 wherein the pinned layer further comprises an antiferromagnetic coupled structure.
at least one movable magnetic medium; a slider; an actuator for positioning the slider relative to the movable magnetic medium; and a head coupled to the slider such that the head may be positioned relative to the at least one movable magnetic medium by the action of moving the slider with the actuator; wherein the head includes a GMR sensor having
a pinned layer; a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer; and a free layer being disposed upon the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively. 12. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the free layer further comprises an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x is substantially equal to 81%, y is substantially equal to 11% and z is substantially equal to 8%.
13. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the free layer comprises an alloy of Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
14. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the pinned layer comprises a ferromagnetic material.
15. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the pinned layer further comprises an antiferromagnetic coupled structure.
16. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the free layer comprises moments perpendicular to moments of the pinned layer.
This invention relates in general to giant magnetoresistance (GMR) heads for magnetic storage systems, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of a spin valve free layer while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects.
Magnetic recording systems that utilize magnetic disk and tape drives constitute the main form of data storage and retrieval in present-day computer and data processing systems. In the recording process, information is written and stored as magnetization patterns on the magnetic recording medium. Scanning a write head over the medium and energizing the write head with appropriate current waveforms accomplish this recording process. In a read-back process, scanning a magnetoresistive (MR) sensor over the medium retrieves the stored information. This MR read head sensor intercepts magnetic flux from the magnetization patterns on the recording medium and converts the magnetic flux into electrical signals, which are then detected and decoded.
However, limitations of MR sensor performance were drastically expanded by the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, also known as the spin-valve effect. In contrast to a conventional MR effect, which is based on homogeneous ferromagnetic metals or alloys, the GMR effect is present only in heterogeneous magnetic systems with two or more ferromagnetic components and at least one nonmagnetic component. Hence, a GMR head has a greater sensitivity to magnetic fields from a disk.
Accordingly, a spin valve sensor is employed by a GMR read head for sensing magnetic fields on a moving magnetic medium, such as a rotating magnetic disk. A typical spin valve sensor includes a nonmagnetic electrically conductive spacer layer between a ferromagnetic pinned layer structure and a ferromagnetic free layer structure. An antiferromagnetic pinning layer interfaces and is exchange coupled to the pinned layer structure for pinning a magnetic moment of the pinned layer structure 90� to an air bearing surface (ABS) where the ABS is an exposed surface of the sensor that faces the rotating disk. Leads are connected to the spin valve sensor for conducting a sense current.
A magnetic moment of the free layer structure is typically oriented parallel to the ABS in a quiescent condition, the quiescent condition being where the sense current is conducted through the sensor in the absence of any signal fields. The magnetic moment of the free layer structure is free to rotate from the parallel position in response to signal fields from the rotating magnetic disk. Changes in response to field signals from the rotating disk changes the resistance of the spin valve sensor due to the angle between the magnetic moments of the pinned and free layer structures. The sensitivity of the sensor is quantified by a magnetoresistive coefficient dr/R (ΔR/R) where dr is the change in resistance of the sensor between parallel and antiparallel orientations of the pinned and free layer structures and R is the resistance of the sensor when the moments are parallel. The GMR effect operates to produce a lower resistance for parallel alignment of the pinned and free layer structures, and a higher resistance for antiparallel alignment of the pinned and free layer structures.
Several classes of soft magnetic materials have evolved for use in the construction of spin valves. Permalloy, a general term that refers to alloys of Ni and Fe, is one class used in the fabrication of spin valves due to permalloy's very small anisotropy (i.e., varying of magnetic properties along different axis) and magnetostriction characteristics. Another important design feature for spin valves is to provide a magnetic material for the free layer structure that lowers coercivity, i.e., the magnetic field necessary to switch the direction of magnetization and decrease magnetic induction to zero.
Moreover, the success of hard disk drives (HDDs) originates from these successful design features and an ever-increasing demand for storage capacity coupled with a consistent reduction in price per megabyte. Areal density (expressed as billions of bits per square inch of disk surface area, Gbits/in2) is the product of linear density (bits of information per inch of track) multiplied by track density (tracks per inch), and varies with disk radius. Improved areal density levels have been the dominant reason for the reduction in price per megabyte. High areal densities have been achieved by introducing new technology and by proportionally reducing certain key dimensions, such as the GMR head, within the HDD (�scaling�). Thus, there is a present need to reduce the free layer thickness in GMR spin valve sensor.
Current spin valve designs have free layers composed of a bilayer of CoFe and NiFe. A minimum thickness of CoFe in contact with a Cu spacer layer in the spin valve is necessary to achieve the highest GMR signal. In other words, sensitivity is increased with a reduction in the thickness of the free layer. However, to maintain acceptable sensor performance, and GMR, the bilayer material CoFe should not be reduced far below 15 Å. Hence, in reducing the bilayer structure of CoFe and NiFe to a thickness below 15 Å, the NiFe must be reduced to near zero.
The soft magnetic properties of CoFe are less attractive than NiFe and as the total thickness of the free layer is reduced, the ratio of CoFe to NiFe increases. As a result of the increased ratio, coercivity increases causing a strong resistance to change in magnetization of the bilayer structure. Thus, it is important to find a replacement for CoFe with improved soft magnetic properties, yet while retaining high GMR.
It can be seen that there is a need for providing a high quality soft magnetic material for the spin valve free layers of magnetic recording heads.
More particularly, it can be seen that there is a need for providing improved soft magnetic properties for free layers of spin valves while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To overcome the limitations in the prior art described above, and to overcome other limitations that will become apparent upon reading and understanding the present specification, the present invention discloses a method and apparatus for improving soft magnetic properties of the spin valve free layer while retaining giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects.
The present invention solves the above-described problems by providing a high quality magnetic material, such as CoFeCu, as a replacement for the CoFe/NiFe bilayer spin valve structure. The CoFeCu free layer provides enhanced sensitivity by an improved magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R) and increased sheet resistance coupled with a low uniaxial anisotropy field (Hk). The design of the present invention yields a high amplitude sensor with a desired magnetic stability.
A method for forming a spin valve sensor in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes forming a pinned layer, forming a spacer layer; and forming a free layer disposed on the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
A thin film magnetoresistive (MR) spin valve read sensor in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes a pinned layer, a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer and a free layer being disposed upon the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
A magnetic storage system in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes at least one movable magnetic medium, a slider, an actuator for positioning the slider relative to the movable magnetic medium and a head coupled to the slider such that the head may be positioned relative to the at least one movable magnetic medium by the action of moving the slider with the actuator; wherein the head includes a GMR sensor having a pinned layer, a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer and a free layer being disposed upon the spacer layer, the free layer comprising Cox, Fey, and Cuz, wherein x, y, and z represent the atomic weight percentages of Co, Fe, and Cu, respectively.
FIG. 1 illustrates a storage system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates one example of a magnetic disk drive storage system;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a magnetic disk drive;
FIG. 4 illustrates one example of a magnetic sensor;
FIG. 5 illustrates an air bearing surface (ABS) of a slider;
FIG. 6 illustrates an air bearing surface view of a GMR sensor according to the present invention; and
FIG. 7 is a table comparing the properties of a free layer formed by a CoFeCu alloy with other free layer compositions according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the following description of the exemplary embodiment, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration the specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized as structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The present invention solves the above-described problems by forming a GMR sensor including a spin valve free layer formed of CoFeCu or a CoFeCu alloy. The free layer according to the present invention has soft magnetic properties that reduce at least the magnetic field needed to switch the direction of magnetization in a spin valve structure (i.e., coercivity).
At least one slider 226 is positioned on the disk 220, each slider 226 supporting one or more magnetic read/write heads 228 where the heads 228 incorporate a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor of the present invention. As the disk(s) 220 rotate, slider 226 is moved radially in and out over disk surface 230 so that heads 228 may access different portions of the disk 220 where desired data is recorded. Each slider 226 is attached to an actuator arm 232 by means of a suspension 234. The suspension 234 provides a slight spring force, which biases slider 226 against the disk surface 230. Each actuator arm 232 is attached to an actuator 236. The actuator 236 may be a voice coil motor (VCM). The VCM has a coil movable within a fixed magnetic field, the direction and speed of the coil movements being controlled by motor current signals supplied by a control unit 240.
During operation of the disk drive 200, the rotation of the disk 220 generates an air bearing between slider 226 and the disk surface 230, which exerts an upward force or lift on the slider 226. The surface of the slider 226, which includes head 228 and faces the surface of disk 220 is referred to as an air-bearing surface (ABS). The air bearing thus counter-balances the slight spring force of suspension 234 and, during normal operation, supports the slider 226 off of, and slightly above, the disk surface 230 at a small, substantially constant spacing.
FIG. 3 is a top view 300 of a magnetic disk drive. The magnetic disk drive 300 includes a spindle 332 that supports and rotates a magnetic disk 334. A combined read and write magnetic head 340 is mounted on a slider 342 that is supported by a suspension 344 and actuator arm 346. The present invention is not limited to a single unit, and a plurality of disks, sliders and suspensions may be employed in a large capacity direct access storage device (DASD). The suspension 344 and actuator arm 346 position the slider 342 so that the magnetic head 340 is in a transducing relationship with a surface of the magnetic disk 334. When the disk 334 is rotated by a motor, the slider is supported on a thin cushion of air (air bearing) between the surface of the disk 334 and the air-bearing surface (ABS) (FIG. 4�448). The magnetic head 340 may then be employed for writing information to multiple circular tracks on the surface of the disk 334, as well as for reading information therefrom.
FIG. 4 illustrates one example of a magnetic sensor 400 according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, first and second solder connections 404 and 416 connect leads from the slider 442 to a suspension (FIG. 3�346). Third and fourth solder connections 418 and 406 connect leads from a coil in the magnetic head 440 to the suspension (FIG. 3�346). However, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the present invention is not meant to be limited to the magnetic sensor configuration shown in FIG. 4, but that other magnetic sensor configurations may be used in the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates an air bearing surface (ABS) of a slider 500. The slider 500 has a center rail 556 that supports the magnetic head 540, and side rails 558 and 560. The rails 556, 558 and 560 extend from a cross rail 562. With respect to rotation of the magnetic disk (FIG. 3�334), the cross rail 562 is at a leading edge 564 of the slider and the magnetic head 540 is at a trailing edge 566 of the slider. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the present invention is not limited to the above ABS configuration.
FIG. 6 illustrates an air bearing surface view of a GMR sensor 600 according to the present invention. GMR heads are very attractive for use as high density recording magneto resistive (MR) heads because of their high readback output voltages, linear response, and symmetrical read sensitivity profiles.
In FIG. 6, an air bearing surface view of a GMR sensor 600 including end regions 612 and 614 separated by a central region 616 is shown. A free layer (free ferromagnetic layer) 618 is separated from a pinned layer (AP-pinned ferromagnetic layer) 620 by a non-magnetic, electrically-conducting spacer layer 622 (typically, primarily copper). In one embodiment of the present invention, the free layer 618 includes, for example, CoFeCu or a CoFeCu alloy. The magnetization of the pinned layer 620 is fixed through exchange coupling with an antiferromagnetic (AFM) layer 624. The magnetization of the free layer 618, however, is free to rotate in the presence of an external field. Free layer 618, spacer layer 622, pinned layer 620 and the AFM layer 624 are all formed in the central region 616.
Hard bias layers 626 and 628 formed in the end regions 612 and 614, respectively, provide longitudinal bias for the free layer 618. Leads 630 and 632 formed over hard bias layers 626 and 628, respectively, provide electrical connections for the flow of the sensing current Is, from a current source 634 to the GMR sensor 600. A signal detector 640, which is electrically connected to the leads 630 and 632, senses the change in resistance of the GMR sensor 600 due to changes induced by the external magnetic field (e.g., the field generated when a field transition on a disk is moved past the GMR sensor 600). A cap (not shown) is optionally provided on the free layer 618.
During the manufacturing of a read/write head for magnetic recording media, the write head may be formed adjacent to the GMR sensor 600. One skilled in the art will realize that during the manufacture of the write head, and during some of the processes involved in manufacturing the GMR sensor 600, itself, high temperature processes have inevitably been involved. (Examples are the photoresist baking of the write head, the annealing of the AFM layer 624 materials on a substrate 610, which is required for some materials, and resetting of the pinned layer 620). At these temperatures, the grain boundaries of adjacent materials tend to become aligned, notably at the junction of the spacer 622 and the free layer 618 and/or at the boundary of the spacer 622 and the pinned layer 620. In this condition, it is very easy for diffusion between such layers to occur. This results in a degradation of the output signal amplitude produced by the GMR sensor 600.
Other constructions of the GMR sensor 600 are possible, and one skilled in the art could readily adapt the present invention for use with such alternative constructions. For example, where pinned layers 620 having multiple layers are used, multiple iterations of the spacer 622 (and diffusion barrier) could also be employed. It is important to note that in order to illustrate the present invention, the inventive free layer 618 is shown in the context of the GMR sensor 600. However, the invention is by no means limited to such constructions. Indeed, it is intended that the free layer be incorporated, as described herein, into more sophisticated constructions (perhaps containing additional material layers, or the like), both those presently in existence and those to be developed in the future.
FIG. 7 is a table 700 comparing the properties of a free layer formed by a CoFeCu alloy with other free layer compositions according to the present invention. Magnetic properties vary as a function of the composition of an alloy. According to the present invention, a varying of the Cu content in a composition can cause a decrease in the coercivity of the composition. For example, anisotropy values increase with the Cu content of a CoFeCu film 710. Also, for example, anisotropy values higher than 11 Oersteds (Oe) can be achieved in the alloys by Cu enrichment of a CoFeCu film 710. Hence, the anisotropy for a CoFeCu film 710 in the 3 to 6 atomic % Cu range is 13-14 Oe, and increases to about 16 to 20 Oe for films with about 14 to 20 atomic % Cu.
In FIG. 7, a comparison of various magnetic properties of a CoFeCu alloy 710, CoFe 720, and a standard bilayer (CoFe 15 Å/NiFe 25 Å) 730 free layer is examined. The various properties include the sheet resistance of a spin valve (Rsheet) 740, sensitivity (ΔR/R) 750 and the coupling layer between a pinned layer and the free layer (He) 760. Also, the coercivity, or resistance of a magnetic material to magnetization, is shown. The coercivity is displayed for both the easy axis (Hce) 770 (magnetism of a material in a favorable direction), coercivity hard axis (Hch) 780 (magnetism of a material in an unfavorable direction), uniaxial anisotropy (Hk) 790, thickness 792 and lambda (i.e., the magnetostriction constant) 795.
As GMR heads are made smaller, the standard bilayer free layer structure formed from CoFe and NiFe is also reduced. However, to maintain acceptable free layer properties, the CoFe should not be reduced to a thickness below 15 Å. Thus, the NiFe must be reduced to near zero as the bilayer structure reaches 15 Å in thickness. Accordingly, the ratio of CoFe to NiFe in the bilayer structure increases. However, the soft magnetic properties of CoFe are less attractive than NiFe.
Hence, the table of FIG. 7 compares properties for spin valves including a 40 Å free layers of CoFeCu (81/11/8 atomic %) 710, a CoFe (90/10 atomic %) 720 and NiFe bilayer structure with NiFe reduced to zero, and a standard bilayer structure (CoFe 15 Å/NiFe 25 Å) 730. According to the present invention, although the sensitivity (ΔR/R) 750 is slightly reduced for CoFe 720 and CoFeCu 710, the coercivity, Hce 770 and Hch 780, for CoFeCu 710 is much improved over CoFe 720 as seen by these reduced values. This improved coercively (Hce 770, Hch 780) coupled with a low uniaxial anisotropy field, Hk 790, yields a high amplitude sensor (ΔR/R 750), and thus, a desired magnetic softness and stability.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a free layer 797 for Cox, Fey, and Cuz may have, for example, the atomic weight percentages wherein x is substantially equal to 81%, y is substantially equal to 11% and z is substantially equal to 8%. However, other percentages may be possible and yet provide a high amplitude sensor with desired magnetic stability.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5582927Dec 5, 1994Dec 10, 1996International Business Machines CorporationHigh magnetic moment materials and process for fabrication of thin film headsUS5640754Apr 6, 1995Jun 24, 1997Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueProcess of producing a magnetic read head having a multilayer magnetoresistant element and a concentratorUS5764448Mar 3, 1997Jun 9, 1998Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueMagnetic read head having a multilayer magnetoresistant element and a concentrator, as well as its production processUS5840420Mar 21, 1996Nov 24, 1998The University Of AlabamaMagnetoresistance elements exhibiting thermally stable giant magnetoresistance effectUS5883765May 2, 1997Mar 16, 1999Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueVertical magnetic head having first and second magnetic materials in specific shapesUS6167611May 1, 1997Jan 2, 2001Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueProcess for producing a vertical magnetic headUS6195240Jul 31, 1998Feb 27, 2001International Business Machines CorporationSpin valve head with diffusion barrierUS6315839Oct 21, 1998Nov 13, 2001International Business Machines CorporationMethod of making a keeper layer for a spin valve sensor with low intrinsic anisotropy fieldUS6393692 *Apr 1, 1999May 28, 2002Headway Technologies, Inc.Method of manufacture of a composite shared pole design for magnetoresistive merged headsUS6524491 *Apr 26, 1999Feb 25, 2003Headway Technologies, Inc.Double plate-up process for fabrication of composite magnetoresistive shared polesUS20010021089 *Feb 28, 2001Sep 13, 2001Sony CorporationMagnetoresistive-effect elementJPH06268280A * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1"Laminated Seed Layers for Plated Thin Film Heads and Structures," IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 35, No. 1B, Jun. 1992, pp. 457-459.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7277260 *Sep 21, 2004Oct 2, 2007Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands, B.V.Magnetic head spin valve structure with CoFeCu magnetic layer and ZnOx/TaOx cap layer* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification360/324.12, G9B/5.116International ClassificationH01F10/32, H01F10/16, H01L43/08, H01L43/10, G11B5/39Cooperative ClassificationB82Y25/00, B82Y10/00, G11B2005/3996, G11B5/3903European ClassificationB82Y10/00, B82Y25/00, G11B5/39CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 11, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Oct 25, 2012ASAssignmentOwner name: HGST, NETHERLANDS B.V., NETHERLANDSEffective date: 20120723Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HGST, NETHERLANDS B.V.;REEL/FRAME:029341/0777Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HITACHI GLOBAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES NETHERLANDS B.V.;REEL/FRAME:029341/0777Owner name: HGST NETHERLANDS B.V., NETHERLANDSMay 22, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Oct 6, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: HITACHI GLOBAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES NETHERLANDS B.Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:014029/0658Effective date: 20030925Nov 6, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW YFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FREITAG, JAMES M.;PINARBASI, MUSTAFA;REEL/FRAME:013474/0749Effective date: 20021101RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


text:
Anima Domus Aventura - Aventura, FL | Groupon
18245 Biscayne Blvd, Aventura, FL 33160 18245 Biscayne Blvd, Aventura Directions
+13057059975
18245 Biscayne Blvd,
A quick trip to this furniture superstore will allow you to find the right furniture for the life you've always wanted. You're going to love Anima Domus Aventura in Aventura.
Here you can find a range of nearby parking spots, which helps make your commute less stressful. Find furniture you love. From sleek and modern to wooden and worn, the pieces at Anima Domus Aventura will put other furniture to shame.
Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Anima Domus Aventura.

type: global

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


text:
I bought this for my daughter and she is happy with it but wishes it was a bit softer. This is a firm memory foam mattress, no sinking in. ...
$576.00 (64%) off
Treat your body to the comfortable cooling effect of this full-size memory foam mattress from Comfort Dreams. The Coolmax 10-inch mattress combines temperature-sensitive foam that adjusts to your body temperature with Coolmax fabric to provide a cool sleeping environment. Originally designed for NASA, the foam used in this mattress cradles the body for reduced pressure, even weight distribution, improved circulation and no motion transfer for fewer sleep disruptions.Enjoy the healthy sleeping environment created by this naturally antimicrobial mattress, which also resists dust mites. It meets all flammability standards, making it a safe place to sleep, and the mattress never needs turned.10" thick mattress made with memory foam and Coolmax fabric3" layer of 4lb density memory foam and a 7" layer of base foam for support and comfortMeasures 10" H x 54" W x 75" LResists dust mites and is naturally antimicrobial for a healthy sleeping environmentSpace-age foam designed for NASA reduces pressure points for comfortable sleepTemperature-sensitive foam adjusts to your body temperatureImproved circulation improves overall well-beingEliminates motion transfer so your partner's movements won't wake youDoesn't need turning, making it low maintenanceDistributes weight evenly for comfortWorks with existing frames, including platform beds and slatted framesMeets flammability standards for safetyRemove from package within 72 hours to allow proper expansionAllow 48 hours to fully expandPlastic packaging may trap odors, which dissipate after airing out for a few hoursMachine cutting during the manufacturing process may cause slight differences in dimensionsMemory Foam Tips:Remove from packaging within 72 hours of receipt to maximize memory foam expansion.This product arrives very tightly packed. Unwrap and allow 48 hours for this product to return to its original shape.Being sealed in plastic packaging sometimes traps odors. After unwrapping, allow product to air for a few hours. Due to machine-cutting manufacturing processes, there may be slight variances in the dimensions of this product.Due to the nature of Memory Foam the firmness level of every item is unique. Please be advised that even similar products may produce different firmness results.Once opened this product is non-returnable.
M-1025145CM21
Great mattress but a little firm
I bought this for my daughter and she is happy with it but wishes it was a bit softer. This is a firm memory foam mattress, no sinking in. Read More Shelley T.
Very comfortable mattress, great price.
Comfortable well med mattress. Read More Mary C.
My daughter of said its like sleeping on a cloud.
Read More Larry A.
Whenever I heard someone say that the right mattress can lessen your pain, I never believed them. I needed to replace my old box spring & figured what the heck, I'd try something new. Did my research on memory foam mattresses and this one sounded right for my pain level, my sleep position, and my weight. I'm disabled and have lots of pain, but my hips were at the point of causing extreme pain, especially when trying to get out of bed in the morning. Seven months later and I have a little bit of pain in my hips, but never while sleeping or getting in/out of bed. My back and neck pain has also improved. I'm amazed that a mattress helps my pain more than my prescription meds! Do your research on what features you want/need in a memory foam mattress. If you don't you might end up w/a mattress you sink into and it'll make you sweat. LOVE my bed! It's soooo very comfortable! 😃 (BTW - I use a vicose foam pillow on top of a 100% latex pillow. Got them for neck pain....ahhhhhhh. Talk about comfort!)
Read More loveblueskies
My husband and I were sleeping in a twin bed. When we go the bed it was a big relief. No more back pain in the mornings for this girl
Read More luisa Maria p.
Read More ligard
Read More ellenm63
Read More goatgodess
Read More macdancer
Read More devenity
The approximate shipping weight is 56 lbs. Overstock
Comfort Dreams Coolmax 10-inch Full-size Memory Foam Mattress Sale:

value: This website is an American internet retailer selling primarily furniture headquartered in Midvale, Utah, near Salt Lake City.


text:
Amazon.com: footboard kit
1-16 of 3,989 results for "footboard kit"
STRUCTURES by Malouf Set of 2 Bolt-On Footboard Extension Brackets Attachment Kit - Twin-Kingby MALOUF$23.99$49.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27
274FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Features... headboard-only style bed frame to allow attachment of bolt-on footboard ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsBed Claw Universal Footboard Attachment Kit, with Combo Bag Hardwareby Bed Claw$29.99$34.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27More Buying Choices$29.99new(2 offers)
213FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Features... you to attach a bolt-on footboard. This kit requires your bed frame ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsFootboard Attachment Kit for Rail Frame Bedsby Beach County Supply$24.99$31.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27
10FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Features... Attach a bolt-on footboard to your headboard-only bed frame using these ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsKings Brand Bed Frame Footboard Extension Brackets Set Attachment Kit - Twin/Full/Queen/Kingby Kings Brand Furniture$22.99$99.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27More Buying Choices$22.99new(2 offers)
36FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Features... Bed Frame Footboard Extension Brackets Set Attachment Kit - Twin/ ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsFisher-Price Metal Full/Twin Size Headboard/Footboard Conversion Kitby Fisher-Price$84.99FREE Shipping on eligible ordersMore options available:
4Product FeaturesFeatures 4 glided legs and both headboard and footboard bolt on attachmentsHome & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsEpic Furnishings Dura Bed Platform Steel Headboard or Footboard Brackets Kit, All Sizeby Epic Furnishings$18.99$31.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27More Buying Choices$18.99new(3 offers)$16.98used(1 offer)
1FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Description... Bed headboard set of two brackets kit is designed to work for all bed ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsHook-On Conversion Brackets (Set of 2) — Headboard Brackets & Footboard Brackets — Easy to Install Bed Frame Brackets...by Bed Kings$19.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27
8FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct DescriptionHeadboard/Footboard Hook-On conversion bracketsHome & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsBedClaw Headboard / Footboard Attachment Brackets with Hardware, Set of 2by Bed Claw$25.95PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27More Buying Choices$25.95new(2 offers)
23FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Features... The BedClaw™ Headboard/Footboard Attachment Brackets are durable ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 items#35 Hook Plate Conversion Adapter Kit for Using a Bolt-On Frame with a Hook-On Headboard-- Pack of 4by Bed Claw$27.00PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27More Buying Choices$20.00new(8 offers)
174FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Features... or rail to allow for a hook-on or slotted type headboard and footboard ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsBed Bracket for headboard and footboard. Hook Plate Conversion Adapter Kit for BOLT ON FRAME with HOOK ON HEADBOARD...by H. Brandt: Bed Bracket$27.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Features... or rail to allow for a hook-on or slotted type headboard and footboard ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsHTT Motorcycle Chrome Skull Zombie Rider Footboard Insert Kit- Traditional D Shape Fits TOURING FLHT FLT FLTR...by TTMT$76.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27More Buying Choices$76.99new(2 offers)
6FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct FeaturesKit includes left and right side insertAutomotive:See all 796 items#69 Down Hook- Bolt On to Hook On Conversion Bracket for Bed Headboard & Footboard. Best for Converting a bolt-on...by TZR$56.98new(3 offers)
2Product Features... To attach your headboard AND footboard, you would need two pairs ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 items#65 Adapto-Hook Bolt-On to Hook-On Conversion Brackets for Headboard & Footboard Attachment, Set of 2by Leggett & Platt$24.97PrimeOnly 6 left in stock - order soon.More Buying Choices$21.65new(3 offers)
82FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct DescriptionBrackets for Headboard & Footboard Attachment, Set of 2Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsMetal Bed Frame Hook Plate Conversion Bracket Adapter Kit from Bolt-On Frame to Hook-On Headboard (Pack of 4)by TLZ$26.49$35.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27
2FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Features... or rail to allow for a hook-on or slotted type headboard and footboard ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsWhite Antique Vintage Metal Bed Frame Rustic Wrought Cast Iron Curved Round Headboard and Footboard Victorian...by LaceyRound$369.80More Buying Choices$369.80new(3 offers)
2FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Features... One (1) headboard, one (1) footboard, one (1) set of rails, three ...Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 itemsKings Brand Furniture Headboard / Footboard Bed Brackets, Set of 2by Kings Brand Furniture$17.99$29.99PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27More Buying Choices$17.99new(2 offers)
5FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct FeaturesKings Brand Furniture Headboard / Footboard Bed Brackets, Set of 2 .Home & Kitchen:See all 3,007 items

value: This website is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.


text:
Top 10 Lindenthal Hotels Near Lindenburg U-Bahn | Germany | Hotels.comEnglish (United States)Book online or call 800-246-8357This call is free. 24 hours a day; 7 days a week.HotelsHotel DealsPackages & FlightsGroupsGift CardsHelpWebsite feedbackSign in & AccountSign inCreate an accountYour bookingsReview a hotelHotels.com® RewardsYour bookingsHotelsHotels in GermanyLindenthal HotelsHotels near Lindenburg U-Bahn, LindenthalHotels near Lindenburg U-BahnSearch hotels near Lindenburg U-Bahn in LindenthalCity, landmark, hotel name, address or zip codeCheck inCheck out I don’t know my datesRooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617Show dealsGet Secret Prices on select hotelsThese prices aren’t available to everyone.Unlock nowDeal of the dayDorint Hotel Köln Junkersdorf from $80$67See all Lindenthal dealsTrending now in LindenthalHotels within 0.5 miles of Lindenburg U-BahnMost bookedStar Apartments Cologne-Luxemburger StrasseGood 3.9 / 5( 18 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! Most recent review"This is a great self contained apartment with epic views of the city. At night you do actually say wow when looking out. Good neighbourhood with cafes, bars and supermarkets. The tram stop is outside the front door with a five to ten minute journey into Köln centre. Star apartments are a great co..."A Traveller, Dec 2015, GBApartmenthotel SCOutstanding 5.0 / 5( 2 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! Hotels within 1 mile of Lindenburg U-BahnLeonardo Royal Hotel Köln - Am StadtwaldExcellent 4.0 / 5( 125 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 11 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Rooms at the back are quieter with view of park. Good parking. Easy bus and tram access to city centre. "A Traveller, Sep 2016, GBibis Styles Köln CityGood 3.6 / 5( 76 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! Most recent review"Excellent for the price..clean friendly..and good wi-fi !!!"A Traveller, Apr 2015, IEHotel ChelseaGood 3.6 / 5( 48 genuine reviews )Top-rated for WiFiHotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! Most recent review"Clean and friendly and easy walk to Rudolfplatz station. There is a lovely Cafe restaurant attached to this hotel with roadside seating in the summer. A great place to eat and drink the local beer. I stayed in a great top floor duplex room."A Traveller, Sep 2016, USBlack Sheep Hostel CologneGood 3.0 / 5( 33 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! Most recent review"this hostel has good atmosphere and nice details, but it's kinda far from DOM."A Traveller, Apr 2016, ASStar Apartments Cologne - Hans-Sachs-StrasseFair 2.9 / 5( 7 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! Hotels within 2 miles of Lindenburg U-BahnStar Apartments Cologne - Richard Wagner StrasseGood 3.2 / 5( 17 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 12 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Immaculate and private apartment in a quiet location. Well set-up with a fridge, microwave and cooking facilities. I would definitely choose to stay here again."A Traveller, Sep 2014, AUMEININGER Hotel Köln City CenterGood 3.0 / 5( 158 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 11 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"We went as 5girls for a girls weekend.for what we needed the room was grand,not the Ritz but was great for the price and great location.to pubs and restaurants,and only a 10-15min was to the cathedral.perfect for what we wanted."A Traveller, Nov 2015, GBHopper Hotel et ceteraExcellent 4.1 / 5( 19 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! Most recent review"All facilities are nice and good, with wifi, got water and power sockets, small safe and bar fridge are available too, except for one thing. There are 3 hopper hotels in cologne. Make sure you type the name and address correctly to avoid reaching the wrong hotel after a tiring journey!"A Traveller, Dec 2014, SGSee more hotels near Lindenburg U-Bahn, LindenthalPay now or later on most roomsFree cancellation on most roomsPrice GuaranteeHotels in Lindenthal near Lindenburg U-BahnLindenburg U-Bahn in the Lindenthal area, Germany
Are you looking for a cheap Lindenburg U-Bahn hotel, a 5 star Lindenburg U-Bahn hotel or a family friendly Lindenburg U-Bahn hotel? You just landed in the best site to find the best deals and offers on the most amazing accommodations for your stay.
When you search for hotels near Lindenburg U-Bahn with Hotels.com, you need to first check our online map and see the distance you will be from Lindenburg U-Bahn, Germany.
Our maps are based on hotel search and display areas and neighborhoods of each hotel so you can see how close you are from Lindenburg U-Bahn and refine your search within Lindenthal or Germany based on closest public transportation, restaurants and entertainment so you can easily get around the city. All the hotels details page show an option for free or paid onsite parking.
If you wish to see the hotels with the highest featuring discounts and deals near Lindenburg U-Bahn, simply filter by price/ average nightly rate. We recommend you filter by star rating and read our genuine guest reviews so you can get the best quality hotel with the best discount.
One of the new features on Hotels.com guest reviews is that also show reviews from Expedia for Lindenburg U-Bahn hotels and the TripAdvisor Lindenburg U-Bahn hotels reviews so you can make sure that you checking with a reliable source. See the review scores on our Lindenthal hotel information pages.
Make the most out of your family vacation when you book your accommodation with Hotels.com – book your hotel near Lindenburg U-Bahn, Lindenthal after reviewing the facilities and amenities listed for each hotel.
After booking your hotel near Lindenburg U-Bahn, expect to receive your reservation confirmation in the mail in less than 10 minutes. The confirmation email contains more information on all nearby attractions, local directions and weather forecast, so you can better plan the days during your trip.
After getting the best hotel rates you can still save more by winning 1 free night! That’s right, book 10 nights in any hotel near Lindenburg U-Bahn, Lindenthal and after you sign up for the Welcome Rewards program, you are eligible hotel you receive 1 night free* The best hotel deals are here: We have Lindenburg U-Bahn hotel deals, Lindenburg U-Bahn last minute deals and offers to get you the cheapest Lindenburg U-Bahn hotel with our lowest price guarantee.See more hotels near Lindenburg U-Bahn, LindenthalChoose one of the following to unlock Secret Prices and pay less on select hotels.EmailSign up for our latest offersHotels.com appDownload the app and book on the goHotels.com® RewardsJoin now to collect 10 nights, get 1 free*Top DestinationsHotels in New York, New YorkHotels in Las Vegas, NevadaHotels in Chicago, IllinoisHotels in San Francisco, CaliforniaHotels in Washington, District of ColumbiaHotels in Boston, MassachusettsHotels in San Diego, CaliforniaHotels in Orlando, FloridaHotels in London, United KingdomHotels in New Orleans, LouisianaHotels in Los Angeles, CaliforniaHotels in San Antonio, TexasHotels in Paris, FranceHotels in Seattle, WashingtonHotels in Atlanta, GeorgiaHotels in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaHotels in Austin, TexasHotels in Atlantic City, New JerseyHotels in Rome, ItalyHotels in Myrtle Beach, South CarolinaHotels in Dallas, TexasHotels in Houston, TexasHotels in Denver, ColoradoHotels in Miami, FloridaSupport & FAQsYour bookingsFAQsContact usWebsite feedbackReview a hotelFor Suppliers, Affiliates and the MediaAdd HotelAffiliate with usPrivate LabelPromote with UsTravel AgentsPress OfficeUser Terms and Privacy PolicyTerms & ConditionsPrivacy PolicyCookie PolicyAbout our adsAbout UsJobsTravel GuidesTop 50 CitiesAll countriesAll hotelsSite index© 2017 Hotels.com, L.P. All rights reserved.Hotels.com and the Hotels.com logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hotels.com, LP in the U.S. and/or other countries. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.* Learn more about Hotels.com® RewardsABOUT SSL CERTIFICATES

value: This website is a website for booking hotel rooms online and by telephone. The company has 85 websites in 34 languages, and lists over 325,000 hotels in approximately 19,000 locations.


text:
Patent US5193445 - Heat-activated smoke generating device - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsAn apparatus and method for releasing a heat-activated gas from a heat activated gas-emitting medium in response to application of heat. The invention relates specifically to an apparatus and a method for flavoring foods during a cooking process. The apparatus consists of a housing made of a thermally...http://www.google.com/patents/US5193445?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5193445 - Heat-activated smoke generating deviceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5193445 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/787,041Publication dateMar 16, 1993Filing dateNov 4, 1991Priority dateNov 4, 1991Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS5301606Publication number07787041, 787041, US 5193445 A, US 5193445A, US-A-5193445, US5193445 A, US5193445AInventorsGeorge E. FergusonOriginal AssigneeFerguson George EExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (7), Referenced by (15), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetHeat-activated smoke generating deviceUS 5193445 AAbstract An apparatus and method for releasing a heat-activated gas from a heat activated gas-emitting medium in response to application of heat. The invention relates specifically to an apparatus and a method for flavoring foods during a cooking process. The apparatus consists of a housing made of a thermally conductive material and a pyrolytic or combustible cartridge which is removably inserted into the housing.
I claim: 1. An apparatus for releasing a gas upon exposure to heat, comprising:A. a housing comprising at least two linearly elongate open-ended tubular members, a continuous accessible interior cavity in each of said at least two linearly elongate open-ended tubular members, a plurality of openings located along a lengthwise aspect of each of said tubular members and passing through said housing, and means for co-axially coupling said at least two linearly elongate open-ended tubular members; and B. heat activated means for releasing at least one gaseous compound upon exposure to a heat source disposed within said interior cavity of said housing, said heat activated means comprising a removable cartridge which comprises a container that holds at least one of a compressed media or loose particulate matter. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for co-axially coupling further comprises cooperating threads associated with ends of said at least two elongate tubular members.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said heat activated means further comprises at least one of a pyrolytic or combustible medium, said medium emitting at least one of a gaseous smoke, aroma or color upon exposure to heat.
4. An apparatus for generating smoke within a cooking chamber, which comprises:(a) a thermally conductive housing comprising at least two co-joinable linearly elongate open-ended tubular members forming a continuous interior chamber therebetween, and a plurality of openings located along a lengthwise aspect of each of said tubular members and passing through said housing which provide gas-flow communication means between said interior chamber and external to said housing; and (b) a heat activated scented smoke generating cartridge comprising at least one of a pyrolytic or combustible medium formed into a substantially integral unit having a size and shape substantially corresponding to a size and shape of said continuous interior chamber and being removeable insertable therein. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said at least one of a pyrolytic or combustible medium, comprises a medium emitting at least one of a gaseous smoke, aroma or color upon exposure to heat.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to devices used to generate aromatic gases or smokes which to add to or enhance the flavor of food, provide an aromatic scent in the ambient environment, or provide a visually pleasing coloration to flames. More particularly, the present invention provides an easy-to-use and reusable device that imparts gaseous flavoring, such as the traditional "smoke" flavoring, to foods that are prepared in cooking devices such as charcoal and gas barbecue grills, conventional ovens, and the like. Additionally, the present invention provides a device which may be used to emit a pleasing aromatic scent into the air or to provide coloration to flames, such as in a fireplace.
Gaines in U.S. Pat. No. 4,779,525 and Huckabee in U.S. Pat. No. 2,967,023 teach smoke producing devices for use in barbecue grills or the like. These devices use loose smoke producing mediums, such as wood chips, that are encased in non-reusable perforated covers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It has now been determined that flavor can be imparted to foods during the cooking process through an improved device which overcomes the numerous drawbacks found in the prior art. Additionally, it has been found that the same device can be used to generate an aromatic gaseous scent in the ambient room air, or to impart a color to flames, such as in a fireplace.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device that requires no additional energy source apart from the heat in the cooking chamber to activate the compressed members thereby releasing the smoke, aromatic or colorant compounds.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an perspective exploded view of a food flavoring device according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an elevational partial cross-sectional view of an second embodiment of the food flavoring device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a top elevational view of an third embodiment of the food flavoring device of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a flood flavoring disk useable with the third embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated with reference to FIGS. 1-5 of the accompanying drawings. A second preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated with reference to FIGS. 6-11 of the accompanying drawings. Like features are identified by like reference numerals in the drawings.
The food flavoring device 10 of the present invention consists generally of a housing 1, made of a material sufficient to withstand the heat generated by a heat source, such as a fire, coal or gas barbecue, oven, etc.. At least one heat-activated gas-emitting member 2 is inserted into the housing 1. The gas-emitting member 2 may be configured into a cartridge having a shape, such as rods, sticks, disks, or other shape which is adapted to fit and reside within the housing 1. Generally, housing 1 provides a hollow cavity 3 of sufficient shape and size to enclose cartridge 2 and of sufficient internal surface area and heat transfer characteristics as to activate gas-emitting member or cartridge 2. A plurality of openings 4 are provided through housing 1 and communicate between the outside surface of the housing 1 to its interior hollow cavity 3. Openings 4 serve to release gases generated by the heat activated member 2 from the hollow cavity 3 external to the housing 1.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 8 and 9, heat activated member 2 may be comprised of naturally or synthetically scented compressed pyrolitic or combustible particulate matter, such as wood shavings which and release non-toxic gas containing the gaseous compound desired to be released. Cartridge 2 may also be comprised of a loose or compacted particulate matter that is confined in a combustible or frangible covering enclosure 5 as shown in FIGS. 4, 10 and 11. Cartridge 2 is configured to conform to the size, shape, and configuration of interior hollow cavity 3 of smoking housing 1. The configuration of the cartridge 2 is selected to match the configuration of the housing 1 and the hollow cavity 3, so as to be easily and wholly inserted into housing 1.
A second preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated with reference to FIGS. 6-11. In this second embodiment the housing 1 is comprises generally of a top member 11 and a base or bottom member 10 which are cooperatively joinable through a coupling 12 and 13. Each of the top and base members 11 and 10 have associated hollow cavities 5, 3, respectively. The hollow cavity 3 of base member 10 is configured to accept a cartridge 2 within the cavity 3. The hollow cavity 5 of top member 11 is, in turn, configured to accommodate the base member 10 therein.
As illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, cartridge 2 is resides within base member 10, and base member 10 couples to top member 11 via couplings such as a male threaded member 12 projecting centrally into hollow cavity 3, and a female threaded member 13 depending centrally into hollow cavity 5. Those in the art will understand that other types of couplings between top member 11 and base member 10 are contemplated within the invention. Non-limiting examples of such alternative couplings include friction fittings associated with central projections from each of the top and base members 11 and 10, respectively; friction fittings associated with peripheral edges of the top and base members 11 and 10, or cooperating threads associated with peripheral edges of the top and base members 11 and 10.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2435756 *Jul 7, 1945Feb 10, 1948Schlesinger HarryVaporizing and disseminating deviceUS2967023 *Nov 19, 1957Jan 3, 1961Huckabee Thad TMeans for smoke-flavoring foodUS3593647 *Jan 2, 1969Jul 20, 1971Copeland Walter C JrBroilerUS3788301 *Jul 31, 1972Jan 29, 1974Terry RSmoke generatorUS4462307 *May 23, 1983Jul 31, 1984Pet IncorporatedHumpback oven-broilerUS4779525 *Jan 23, 1987Oct 25, 1988Gaines Tom HFor use in a barbequeUS5048406 *May 2, 1990Sep 17, 1991Cofer Joseph RDisposable/refillable smoke cartridge for gas barbecue grills* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6019035 *Jan 21, 1999Feb 1, 2000Jonas; James E.Food smokerUS6029567 *Dec 5, 1997Feb 29, 2000Tapani Tirkkonen OyManufactured article for producing food-curing smokeUS6481344 *Aug 30, 2001Nov 19, 2002Margaret Jane GreenFlameless flavor enhancing smoke generatorUS6705213 *Apr 28, 2003Mar 16, 2004Thomas A. ThomasSmoke generator for food processingUS6971305 *Feb 27, 2004Dec 6, 2005Thomas Thomas ASmoke generator cartridge for food processingUS7866256May 15, 2007Jan 11, 2011Frigo Michael JSmoker attachment for a barbecue grillUS8251299Oct 29, 2010Aug 28, 2012American Covers, Inc.Screw top air freshenerUS8460609Oct 29, 2010Jun 11, 2013American Covers, Inc.Vent stick air freshener with grip headUS8485454Dec 28, 2010Jul 16, 2013American Covers, Inc.Rotatable and adjustable air freshenerUS8662480Oct 26, 2011Mar 4, 2014American Covers, Inc.Fan powered air freshener automobile power outletUS8673223Oct 26, 2011Mar 18, 2014American Covers, Inc.Fan powered air freshener automobile visor clipUS8685330Jan 27, 2012Apr 1, 2014American Covers, Inc.Air freshener flower with vent stickUS20130011535 *Sep 14, 2012Jan 10, 2013Masoud MafiAirflow-regulated smokers and methods of using the sameWO1996039043A1 *May 30, 1996Dec 12, 1996Tapani Tirkkonen OyA manufactured article for producing food-curing smokeWO2010125109A2 *Apr 28, 2010Nov 4, 2010Georges PralusMethod for smoking and for packaging, packaging and pod for said method, and use of said packaging and pods* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification99/482, 239/136, 206/524.6International ClassificationA47J37/07, A23B4/048, A23B4/044, A23B4/052Cooperative ClassificationA23B4/0523, A47J37/0786, A23B4/048, A23B4/044European ClassificationA23B4/052B, A23B4/044, A23B4/048, A47J37/07LLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 22, 2001FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20010316Mar 18, 2001LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesOct 10, 2000REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedSep 16, 1996FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


text:
BBC Radio 3 - Composer of the Week, Bach in Cothen, Episode 4 The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website. We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Change settings Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Skip to content Accessibility Help BBC iD Notifications
HomeEpisodesClipsGalleriesPodcastComposersPresenterContact Sorry, this episode is not currently available on BBC iPlayer Radio Episode 4 Composer of the Week, Bach in Cothen Episode 4 of 5 Bach's family life reaches a new peak with his second marriage, to a fellow musician who proves indispensable in both personal and professional life. Donald Macleod explores their collaboration, including a collection of music for the cello which transformed the future of the instrument. Add Release date: 23 December 2010 1 hour Last on Thu 23 Dec 2010 22:00 BBC Radio 3 More episodes Previous Episode 3 — Bach in Cothen View Programme information Next Episode 5 — Bach in Cothen View Programme information See all episodes from Composer of the Week Music and featured items See all from Episode 4 Broadcasts See all broadcasts of Episode 4 (2) Related programmes View all Composer Help Page Find resources and contacts for composers from within the classical music industry. Take a tour of Ravel's house Sara Mohr-Pietsch reveals Ravel's character in his exquisitely-decorated house near Paris The absurdly talented Herr Mendelssohn Donald Macleod reveals Mendelssohn's gift for sketching and watercolours. Composers A to Z Visit the extensive audio archive of Radio 3 programmes about Composers and their works. You may also like View all Similar programmes By genre: Music > Classical HomeSchedulePodcastsComposers {{/each}}

value: This website is the BBC's online service. It is a large network of websites including such high-profile sites as BBC News and Sport, the on-demand video and radio services co-branded BBC iPlayer, the children's sites CBBC and CBeebies, and learning services such as Bitesize.


text:
Talk:Block cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Talk:Block cipher
edit · history · watch · refresh To-do list for Block cipher:
"unvarying transformation" in the first sentance needs an explanation or a link to an explanation.
Describe some of the generic attacks on block ciphers
Provide introductory information on Block Ciphers that explain it without the use of detailed terminology (introduce block ciphers to those new to this subject)
2 Description of specific "Notable block ciphers" is too long
2.1 Lucifer / DES
2.3 RC5
2.4 Rijndael / AES
2.5 Blowfish
4 IV need not be random
The image for this article is screwed up, at least in Firefox. Anyone got a better one? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Burningmace (talk • contribs) 20:13, 19 December 2008 (UTC)
Description of specific "Notable block ciphers" is too long[edit]
I think that the section Notable block ciphers contains too much detail. Given that we have main articles for each algorithm (which I presume include all the detail that I propose to delete here) I think this article should have a brief description of the major external characteristics (block size, key size) and brief history, but not the more technical/internal details. Specifically, here's roughly what I would delete from the existing text:

value: This website is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. It was founded on 15 January 2001 as Wikipedia's first edition and, as of October 2021, has the most articles of any edition, at 6,412,521.


text:
U.S. Regulation 101: A Guide to U.S. Oversight of the Hedge Fund Indu…
Position Limits: A Brief Hstory and...
U.S. Regulation 101 Guide to U.S. Oversight of the Hedge Fund Industry Hedge Fund Fundamentals | August 2014 2.
2 Source: 12014 Preqin Global Hedge Fund Report, 2HedgeFund Research, Q2 2014 Hedge funds play a vital role in helping a wide range of institutions – from pensions to endowments to non-profits – meet their financial obligations. Sixty-six percent of global hedge fund assets come from these institutional investors.1 Globally, the hedge fund industry oversees $2.80 trillion in assets, 59% of which are managed by U.S. hedge fund managers.2 Hedge funds are subject to the same trading and reporting requirements as other investors in publicly traded securities in the U.S. They are also subject to a number of additional restrictions and regulations, including a limit on the type of investors that each fund may have. While the financial regulatory landscape in the U.S. is evolving due to recent legislative changes, including the Dodd-Frank Act, this guide provides a brief overview of the U.S. regulatory structure and how it relates to the hedge fund industry. Introduction 3.
Contents 3 Expanded Oversight of the Hedge Fund Industry in the United States Regulatory Institutions Impacting the Hedge Fund Industry A Brief Legislative History of U.S. Securities Regulation: Hedge Fund Regulation – SEC Hedge Fund Regulation – CFTC How Are Hedge Funds Regulated? Hedge Fund Regulation – Investor Restrictions The Regulated Marketplace References 4 5 9 11 13 14 15 17 18 4.
1 4 Federal regulation of the financial services industry in the U.S. has been shaped by a series of legislative and regulatory developments over the past century. U.S. financial markets and investment advisers, such as hedge funds, are overseen and regulated by a group of government regulators. Together, and collectively, these entities are tasked with maintaining fair and orderly markets and enforcing the rules to protect all investors. Expanded Oversight of the Hedge Fund Industry in the United States 5.
2 5 The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent federal agency that holds primary responsibility for enforcing federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry, the nation's stock and options exchanges, and other electronic securities markets in the U.S. The SEC enforces the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Act and other statutes. Securities and Exchange Commission Commodities Futures Trading Commission The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is an independent federal agency that regulates, together with the SEC, many aspects of the derivatives market. Its stated mission is to protect market users and the public from fraud, manipulation, and abusive practices in the sale of commodity and financial futures and options, and to foster open, competitive option markets. U.S Treasury Department The U.S. Treasury Department is the executive agency responsible for promoting economic prosperity and ensuring the financial security of the United States. The Department advises the President on economic and financial issues, encouraging sustainable economic growth, and fostering improved governance in financial institutions and markets. Regulatory Institutions Impacting the Hedge Fund Industry 6.
4 6 The Federal Reserve System, also known as the “Fed,” serves as the central banking system for the U.S. The Fed oversees monetary policy and regulates the U.S. banking system, while also monitoring systemic risk in the financial marketplace. The Fed is the regulator tasked with enforcing the enhanced regulatory framework governing systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs). The Federal Reserve System Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The Financial Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is an agency created by Congress to help guarantee the stability of the financial system. The FDIC helps promote confidence by insuring bank deposits of $250,000 and over. When an institution - including non-bank entities - fails, the FDIC decides what is to be done with the assets. Most often, the FDIC engages in orderly liquidation, or the sale of deposits or loans to another institution. The FDIC is independent and is run by five Directors who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Financial Stability Oversight Council The Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) is a council of regulators established by the Dodd-Frank financial reform legislation. The Council has authority to identify and monitor systemic risks to the U.S. financial system; to eliminate expectations that any American financial firm is “too big to fail"; to coordinate regulatory reporting and rulemaking; and to respond to emerging threats to U.S. financial stability. The Treasury Secretary chairs FSOC. Regulatory Institutions Impacting the Hedge Fund Industry 7.
5 7 State Regulators National Futures Association Each state in the U.S. has defined financial services regulators who regulate financial services markets and participants, to the extent not preempted by Federal law. Additionally, many state Attorneys General have some oversight authority, including general antifraud authority. Hedge fund managers with less than $150 million in assets under management (AUM) are regulated by the state in which their headquarters are located. The National Futures Association (NFA) is a self-regulatory organization (SRO) which regulates the $330 billion managed futures industry. Membership in NFA is mandatory for the more than 4,200 firms and 55,000 individuals trading in the marketplace. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is an SRO for broker-dealers and certain stock exchanges. It performs financial regulation of brokerage firms and registered securities representatives. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Regulatory Institutions Impacting the Hedge Fund Industry 8.
6 8 U.S. Department of Treasury SEC Securities and Exchange Commission FINRA Financial Industry Regulatory Authority State Regulators Attorneys General, State Financial Regulatory Agencies, Regulatory oversight covering hedge funds with less than $150 million in AUM FSOC Financial Stability Oversight Council *The Secretary of the Treasury serves as Chairman of the FSOC. Officials from other agencies serve as voting members. Federal / Executive Branch Agencies Independent Regulatory Agencies State Regulatory Agencies NFA National Futures Association Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System SROs In 2010, in response to the financial crisis, the U.S. developed a new framework for financial supervision. Under this framework, federal agencies and SROs coordinate on multiple levels to monitor and regulate the financial services industry to provide investor protections, promote effective capital markets, and address issues that could pose a “systemic risk” to the financial system and the economy. CFTC Commodity Futures Trading Commission 9.
7 9 Securities Act of 1933 The 1933 Act includes a number of provisions to strengthen investor protections and the integrity of securities markets. The Act requires the registration of publicly offered securities, providing limited exemptions for certain offerings, including: private offerings to a limited number of sophisticated persons or institutions; offerings of limited size; intrastate offerings; and securities of municipal, state, and federal governments. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Investment Company Act of 1940 Investment Advisers Act of 1940 The 1934 Act created the SEC , providing it with broad authority to register and regulate the securities industry. The Act also defines and outlaws certain types of market behavior and provides the SEC with the power to discipline regulated entities and other persons who trade in the securities markets. The Act also regulates the secondary trading of securities, as well as the physical exchanges where securities are traded. The ICA defines what constitutes an investment company under U.S. law. The ICA establishes guidelines to regulate and organize companies engaged in investing, reinvesting and trading in securities. Provisions in the ICA impose strict disclosure requirements, place limits on the investment strategies and holdings of registered investment companies (RICs), and rules regarding the structure of RICs. Hedge funds are not generally subject to regulation under the ICA as they are excluded from the definition of “investment company” in the ICA. The Advisers Act generally requires persons and firms receiving compensation for providing advice about securities to register with the SEC, including hedge fund managers with at least $150 million in assets under management. Advisers must register using Form ADV, which includes pertinent background information on the individual adviser as well as the type of investment advice to be offered. Form ADV must be updated at least annually with the SEC. A Brief Legislative History of U.S. Securities Regulation 10.
8 10 Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974 The 1974 Act amended the Commodity Exchange Act to create the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) to serve as an independent federal agency that regulates futures and option markets and some aspects of derivatives trading. Dodd-Frank Act (2010) The JOBS Act (2012) Congress and the Obama Administration worked to enact the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 in response to the financial crisis of 2008. The Dodd-Frank Act set forth significant changes to the regulatory structure for many financial services firms, including new registration requirements for investment advisers, hedge funds, and others. The Dodd-Frank Act also ushered in several market reforms including changes to the derivatives marketplace, central clearing, segregation of collateral and others. The Dodd-Frank Act also created the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC), which monitors systemic risk in order to prevent future economic crises. Section 201 of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act, amends an existing rule under Regulation D to remove the ban on general solicitation and advertising by companies conducting private offerings, including hedge funds, provided that securities are only sold to sophisticated investors. Removing the ban on general solicitation will allow alternative investment fund managers to better communicate information about their businesses to policy makers, regulators, investors, potential investors and the broader public, providing greater transparency about the industry. A Brief Legislative History of U.S. Securities Regulation 11.
9 11 Hedge fund managers are subject to a number of regulations, including: •Mandatory registration with the SEC –All hedge fund managers with more than $150 million in assets under management (AUM) are required to register with the SEC. –Fund managers must complete Form PF. For larger managers, this form must be filed on a quarterly basis. –Fund managers must complete Form ADV at least annually, providing regulators with information, including: •Organizational and operational information about the manager and its fund(s) •Information about the size of the manager and its fund(s) •Information about the ownership of the manager and its fund(s) •General data about the manager and its fund(s) •Identification of parties performing services for the manager and its fund(s) (prime brokers, auditors, custodians, administrators and marketers) Hedge Fund Regulation – SEC 12.
9 12 Hedge Fund Regulation – SEC •During a presentation to FSOC on May 19, 2014*, Norm Champ, Director of Investment Management at the SEC, noted that 60% of private funds advised by all SEC-registered advisers belonged to hedge funds, three times as much as the next largest category. •The information was based on data filed by hedge funds and other advisers on Form ADV. Source: Norm Champ, Director, Division of Investment Management, SEC, “FSOC Conference on Asset Management Overview of the Asset Management Industry,” May 19, 2014 13.
10 13 •Registration and disclosure with the CFTC –As a result of recent CFTC rulemaking, many commodity pool operators (CPOs) and commodity trading advisors (CTAs) to private funds that are commodity pools will be required to register with the CFTC. –CPOs and CTAs registered with the SEC and the CFTC can use Form PF to provide relevant information on the size and activity of the manager and its funds. –Under this process, CPOs and CTAs registered with both the CFTC and SEC also would be required to file one of two proposed forms: •Form CPO-PQR – for CPOs •Form CTA-PR – for CTAs •Registered advisers operating commodity pools not satisfying the definition of “private fund” under Dodd- Frank would also have to complete these forms. Hedge Fund Regulation – CFTC 14.
14 11 How Are Hedge Funds Regulated? These reports help provide an additional layer of communication with regulators to help foster a transparent, fair, regulated, and open marketplace. In response to the 2008 financial crisis, Congress created the FSOC, which designates firms as systemically important. Those firms are then subject to enhanced regulation by the Fed. The joint rule, implements Sections 404 and 406 of the Dodd-Frank Act, requiring registered investment advisers with at least $150 million in private fund assets under management to periodically file a new reporting form (Form PF) and requiring registered CPOs and CTAs to file similar forms with the CFTC. Systemic Risk Reporting: In 2011, the SEC and CFTC voted unanimously to adopt a new rule requiring certain CTAs, CPOs, and private fund advisers, including hedge fund managers, to report information for use by the FSOC to monitor systemic risk. Form PF reporting entails extensive documentation and disclosure of fund activity. Large managers are required to file this information on a quarterly basis. Information reported on Form PF will remain confidential. Filing requirements vary based on the size of the manager and the fund. 15.
15 Hedge funds are also restricted in the nature of their sales or offerings. •In order to comply with the private offering requirements set forth in the Securities Act of 1933, hedge funds generally must restrict their selling to what the SEC defines as an “accredited investor.” –Accredited investors include: Groups such as charities, organizations, corporations, etc. with total assets in excess of $5 million; Banks, insurance companies and investments firms; Employee benefit plans (corporate pension plans with assets in excess of $5 million); An individual whose net worth, or joint net worth with the person’s spouse, exceeds $1 million at the time of the purchase, excluding the value of their primary residence; Individuals with a yearly income of $200,000 or higher in each of the two most recent years or joint income with a spouse exceeding $300,000 for those years and a reasonable expectation of the same income level in the current year. 12 Hedge Fund Regulation – Investor Restrictions 16.
16 Certain hedge funds also must restrict their selling to what the Investment Company Act of 1940 defines as a “qualified purchaser.” –Qualified purchasers include: i.Any natural person (including any person who holds a joint, community property, or other similar shared ownership interest in an issuer that is excepted under section 3(c)(7) with that person’s qualified purchaser spouse) who owns not less than $5,000,000 in investments, as defined by the Commission; ii.Any company that owns not less than $5,000,000 in investments and that is owned directly or indirectly by or for 2 or more natural persons who are related as siblings or spouse (including former spouses), or direct linear descendants by birth or adoption, spouses of such persons, the estates of such persons, or foundations, charitable organizations, or trusts established by or for the benefit of such persons; iii.Any trust that is not covered by clause (ii) and that was not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, as to which the trustee or other person authorized to make decisions with respect to the trust, and each settlor or other person who has contributed assets to the trust, is a person described in clause (i), (ii), or (iv); or iv.Any person, acting for its own account or the accounts of other qualified purchasers, who in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary basis, not less than $25,000,000 in investments. 13 Hedge Fund Regulation – Investor Restrictions 17.
17 14 Hedge funds and their advisers, such as Commodity Trading Advisors (CTAs) and Commodity Pool Operators (CPOs), operate in regulated markets and are subject to the same trading rules and restrictions as other market participants. For example, individuals trading in the futures marketplace are regulated by the CFTC and the National Futures Association (NFA), an SRO that oversees the $325.3 billion* managed futures industry. The CFTC and NFA regulate industry participants through a variety of methods, including: •Registration •Annual reporting and disclosure •Monitoring for market manipulation and systemic risk •Enforcement mechanisms to address potential manipulation *Source: Barclay Hedge For more information on the managed futures marketplace and the regulation of CTAs and CPOs, click here. The Regulated Marketplace 18.
18 15 Executive Agencies / Departments: U.S. Department of the Treasury www.treasury.gov –www.treasury.gov/initiatives/fsoc U.S. Federal Reserve System http://www.federalreserve.gov/ Regulatory Agencies: Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) www.sec.gov Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) www.cftc.gov Self-Regulatory Organizations (SROs) National Futures Association www.nfafutures.org Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) www.finra.org References For more information, please visit www.hedgefundfundamentals.com Recommended

value: This website is an American hosting service, now owned by Scribd, for professional content including presentations, infographics, documents, and videos. Users can upload files privately or publicly in PowerPoint, Word, PDF, or OpenDocument format.


text:
Mandala Art Workshop with Artist Sarah Dwyer - Come Learn & Make Your Own! Tickets, Sat, Mar 14, 2020 at 9:00 AM | Eventbrite
Sat, March 14, 2020, 9:00 AM – 1:00 PM PDT
A mandala is a symmetrical design composed of circles and squares. Mandalas have been made throughout history by all cultures and can be thought of as diagrams of the inner Self. Mandalas help us access a calm, center point within ourselves. No artistic skill or experience is necessary to successfully create a simple mandala. The well-known Swiss psychologist Carl Jung believed that a mandala is a representation of the Self, and used mandala-making to help his clients achieve wholeness. He once said: “A mandala signifies the wholeness of Self. This circular image represents the wholeness of the psychic ground…or the divinity incarnate in man.”
Mandala-making is regenerative, has a relaxing effect on the mind and body, connects us to our center where dualities are balanced and gives form and expression to intuitive insight. Artist Sarah Dwyer has been making mandalas, exhibiting and teaching arts for several years in the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles. Sarah has an MFA in Painting from Mills College.
Mandala Art Workshop with Artist Sarah Dwyer - Come Learn & Make Your Own! at Vallombrosa Center

value: This website is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events.


text:
www.rightmove.co.uk/property/65455288
*** INCENTIVES AVAILABLE!! - TWO BEDROOMS - MID TERRACE - GAS CENTRAL HEATING - UPVC DOUBLE GLAZING - TOWN GARDEN - EPC RATING: D - AVAILABLE NOW! ***
Mike Rogerson Estate Agents are pleased to welcome to the market this two bedroom mid terrace house located on Maple Street, Ashington.
Internally comprising of; Entrance, Lounge, Kitchen/Diner, Bathroom.
To the first floor; Bedroom one, Bedroom Two.
Externally; Town garden to front.
395pcm
f you require further information or would like to arrange a viewing, please call us on 01670 521122 or email us at ashington@mikerogerson.co.uk
To view this media, please visit the on-line version of this page at www.rightmove.co.uk/property-to-rent/property-65455288.html
Property reference 8827885. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Mike Rogerson Estate Agents, Ashington.

value: This website is a UK-based company that runs rightmove.co.uk, the UK's largest online real estate portal and property website. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.


text:
CAHPR Patient and Public Involvement event - Bristol Tickets, Wed, Jul 3, 2019 at 4:30 PM | Eventbrite
by CAHPR South West
Room OSC014, University of the West of England
Two events will be held simultaneously at the University of the West of England and the University of Exeter to explore the importance of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) within research. PPI is an essential requirement for the majority of research funding streams.
The two sessions will be linked while keynote speaker, Dr Jo Welsman (Research Design Service South West) delivers an overview of PPI. Both sessions will then separate into workshops and then finish with a conversation café and a networking opportunity.
A parking permit will be sent to your email address ahead of the event, please print the permit and display in your vehicle. Travel information can be found here.
We are planning to record the event, by registering for the event you are consenting to being filmed and photographed. If you do not consent, please contact CAHPRsouthwest@uwe.ac.uk. The photographs are intended to be used on the CAHPR South West Youtube channel and CAHPR South West Twitter account.
CAHPR Patient and Public Involvement event - Bristol at Room OSC014, University of the West of England
Glenside Campus Blackberry Hill, Bristol, BS16 1DD, United Kingdom
CAHPR South West
Mon, Sep 2 2:15 PM


text:
Mani-Pedi - Pamela at Village House Spa | Groupon
Up to 50% Off Mani-Pedi at Pamela at Village House Spa
Pamela at Village House Spa
gel mani and basic pedi
$30 for basic mani-pedi
$35 for gel mani and basic pedi
About A Chat with Pamela at Village House Spa
Our number one priority is for our clients to feel relaxed in our quiet environment!
I have always loved helping others feel great about themselves
Getting to see the smile on my clients face after pampering them
When they become my regular I know they appreciate my job