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Patent US6374230 - Method, apparatus and program for customizing credit accounts - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn apparatus, method, and program for customizing credit accounts and calculating an appropriate price for this customization. Customers with existing credit accounts and parameters of their accounts, in exchange for a fee to be collected by the credit issuser. The fee may depend on the particular set...http://www.google.com/patents/US6374230?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6374230 - Method, apparatus and program for customizing credit accountsAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6374230 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/365,644Publication dateApr 16, 2002Filing dateAug 2, 1999Priority dateMar 12, 1997Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS5970478, US8001043Publication number09365644, 365644, US 6374230 B1, US 6374230B1, US-B1-6374230, US6374230 B1, US6374230B1InventorsJay S. Walker, James A. JoraschOriginal AssigneeWalker Digital, LlcExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (32), Referenced by (219), Classifications (25), Legal Events (14) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod, apparatus and program for customizing credit accounts
US 6374230 B1Abstract
An apparatus, method, and program for customizing credit accounts and calculating an appropriate price for this customization. Customers with existing credit accounts and parameters of their accounts, in exchange for a fee to be collected by the credit issuser. The fee may depend on the particular set of parameters selected by the customer.
We claim: 1. A method for negotiating parameters of a credit account, the method comprising:
receiving a request for a desired credit account, the request including at least a first requested account parameter; comparing the at least first requested account parameter with a set of available parameters to calculate a price for a proposed credit account responsive to the request; and submitting a proposal to a customer, the proposal including the price for the proposed credit account. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a customer acceptance of the proposal. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a customer denial of the proposal. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the request further comprises a set of customer information.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the price for the proposed credit account is calculated based on the at least one available account parameter and the set of customer information.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the set of customer information comprises an account identifier that specifies a pre-existing credit account.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the price for the proposed credit account is calculated based on the at least one available account parameter.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the price for the proposed credit account includes a monetary inducement to the customer.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first requested account parameter is selected from at least the following parameters: (i) a desired credit limit; (ii) a desired interest rate; and (iii) a desired time period.
10. The method of claim 4, further comprising retrieving customer parameters corresponding to the customer information.
11. The method of claim 4, further comprising retrieving credit history information for a person identified by the customer information, the method further comprising the step of:
calculating the price based upon the credit history information. 12. A data processing apparatus for negotiating terms of a credit account with a customer, wherein the customer requests a desired credit account having at least a first customer-selected account parameter, comprising:
a memory storing a program; a processor in communication with the memory; wherein the processor is directed by the program to: compare the at least first customer-selected account parameter with a set of available parameters to calculate a price for a proposed credit account responsive to the customer request; and forward a proposal to the customer, the proposal including the price for the proposed credit account, wherein the price is based in part upon the at least first customer-selected parameter. 13. An apparatus for negotiating terms of a credit account with a customer, wherein the customer requests a desired credit account, comprising:
means for receiving a customer message containing information regarding the desired credit account including at least a first customer-selected account parameter; means for comparing the at least first customer-selected account parameter with a set of available parameters to calculate a price for a proposed credit account having the at least first customer-selected account parameter; and means for forwarding a proposal to the customer, the proposal including a price for the proposed credit account; wherein the price is based in part upon the at least first customer-selected parameter. 14. A computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions that direct a microprocessor to:
receive a request for a desired credit account from a customer, the request including at least a first requested account parameter; compare the at least first requested account parameter with a set of available parameters to calculate a price for a proposed credit account having the at least first requested account parameter; and submit a proposal to the customer, the proposal including the price for the proposed credit account.
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/815,224 filed Mar. 12, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,970,478.
The present invention relates generally to the field of credit accounts. More specifically, it relates to a method, apparatus, and program for modifying the terms of existing credit accounts and customizing the terms of new credit accounts to meet specific customer needs.
Credit accounts are widely used throughout the world for non-cash payments for goods and services. Typically, the authorized user of the account is issued a card and account number that can be used to charge purchases to his account. The credit card issuer (e.g., a bank) pays the merchant, and the card holder then pays the card issuer. The issuer's revenues are received by charging the merchant a fee for each transaction, and charging the card holder periodic fees and interest on unpaid balances.
From the card issuer's perspective, issuing credit cards can be a very profitable business. A good customer can generate hundreds of dollars of revenue per year. As a result, card issuers want to keep as many of their customers as they can. This is especially true for their best customers. Card issuers also want to attract new customers, in the hopes of generating additional revenue.
Credit card issuers have traditionally tried to attract new customers by advertising in banks and places of business, and by sending offers to potential customers by mail. The terms (or parameters) of these offers vary. For example, various credit card accounts offer different combinations of interest rates, credit limits, and annual fees. Many of these offers promise the customer a low introductory interest rate for a relatively short period of time, such as six months. Other offers promise rewards for card usage such as rebates on products (e.g., GENERAL MOTORS), cash rebates (e.g., DISCOVER), or frequent flyer miles (e.g., AMERICAN AIRLINES/CITIBANK). Until now, credit card issuers have typically relied on this relatively limited range of product differentiation in combination with traditional advertising to distinguish their accounts from competitor's offerings. To the best of our knowledge, credit card issuers have never tried to attract new customers by offering customizable accounts, in which the customer is free to choose the terms of the account, as a means to distinguish their product from the competition.
Perhaps more importantly, credit card issuers have never offered customizable accounts to retain existing customers that are about to switch to a competitor's card. In fact, until now, no effective way has been devised for a credit card issuer to retain an existing customer who is about to switch to a competitor's card.
The existing mechanisms for retaining customers are very limited. In certain cases, banks have been known to waive an annual fee at the request of a card holder, or even reduce the interest rate of an account. But these cases are relatively rare, and there are no automated mechanisms known to us for determining when and how to make an adjustment to the account terms in order to retain a customer.
In addition to the problems faced by the credit card issuers, customers (i.e., the card holders) face a separate set of problems. Customers with good credit histories often receive numerous offerings to sign up for new credit cards. But while customers are free to seek out an account with terms that they desire, customers have always been faced with a yes/no decision for each account—there is no way to specify the exact parameters desired. The customers' freedom to change the terms of existing accounts is even more severely limited, as described above. In fact, under the existing system, it is impossible for certain customers to obtain all of the account terms that they desire.
While a customer can obtain new terms by switching to a new account, this can cause inconvenience in a number of ways. First, the customer is inconvenienced by applying for the new account and closing the old account. Second, the customer is inconvenienced because he must switch any automatic payments that he has authorized (e.g., payment of his utility bill) to the new account. Third, if the card holder neglects to switch an automatic payment, he may be inconvenienced or embarrassed by interrupted service or delivery of an item that he expects to receive. Further, because the terms of the new account are predetermined, the customer may not be happy even after he has switched to a new account. The new account may not have the type of credit terms that he wants.
For customers with bad credit, the situation is even worse. While customers with good credit histories are able to switch to new accounts, customers with poor credit histories may be unable to qualify for the standard terms of any credit card issuer. As a result, the customer is unable to open a new account, and is forced to continue with the terms of his existing accounts. Worse yet, customers with weak financial credentials may be unable to qualify for any credit card. This can have significant drawbacks when trying to obtain goods or services typically available only with the use of a credit card, such as renting a car. Not having a credit card can also preclude many forms of commerce now widely practiced, such as ordering merchandise by telephone. Indeed, the desirability of having credit cards will only increase with the growth of commerce over the Internet, a medium in which physical exchanges of currency are not possible.
One aspect of the invention is a data processing apparatus for pricing a credit account having at least one customer-specified credit parameter. This apparatus includes a CPU and a memory containing a program, to be executed by the CPU, for receiving the credit parameters and calculating a price for a corresponding credit account.
Another aspect of the invention is a method of pricing a credit account having at least one specified credit parameter. The method includes the steps of receiving the credit parameters, calculating a price for a corresponding credit account, and outputting the price.
Other aspects of the invention include a computer program and an apparatus corresponding to the method described above, and an embodiment using a central controller and a number of agent terminals. Additional aspects of the invention are directed to the central controller and the agent terminal individually.
The invention provides numerous advantages to both credit card issuers and credit card holders, by providing a method, apparatus, and program for customizing the terms of credit accounts, for both new and existing customers.
The invention benefits credit card issuers because it enables them to attract new customers by offering customized credit card accounts that meet the customer's needs. It may even be used to attract new customers that might not be able to qualify for credit cards with more traditional terms. For example, a card issuer may be willing to issue a credit card with a low credit limit and a high annual fee to people with poor credit histories.
The invention also benefits credit card issuers by enabling them to retain existing customers and reduce account attrition. If a customer calls to cancel his account, the card issuer may be able to rewrite the terms of the customer's existing account and thereby entice him to stay.
The invention also benefits credit card issuers by providing them with an opportunity to charge a fee for changing the terms of a customer's account.
By enabling the card issuers to attract new customers and retain existing customers, the invention can provide the card issuer with more opportunities to make a profit. This is particularly important when the invention is used to retain customers that generate large profits for the card issuer.
The invention benefits credit card holders by enabling them to find a card with credit terms that they desire, and to modify those terms as their needs change. For example, the invention can be used by a card holder who is worried about rising interest rates to lock in a fixed interest rate for a given period of time.
The invention also benefits credit card holders by eliminating the problems, described above, of switching to a new card to obtain credit terms that they need.
Further advantages and features of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon an examination of the following detailed description of preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overall system block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the central controller of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the agent terminal of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a table depicting a preferred set of fields for the parameter database of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a table depicting a preferred set of fields for the customer database of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting initiation of account customization in the agent terminal.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting the operation of the central controller.
FIG. 1 depicts the flow of information for customizing a pre-existing credit card account in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, a bank central controller 20 is linked to at least one bank agent terminal 30. Although a single agent terminal is depicted in FIG. 1, any number of agent terminals can be used. The link between each agent terminal 30 and the central controller need not be a physical link—each can, for example, be linked via modem, as described below, or any other appropriate communications channel. A transaction can be initiated from any one of the agent terminals 30. The information required to implement the transaction is passed between the agent terminal 30 and the central controller 20, until the transaction is complete.
The system depicted in FIG. 1 may be embodied in hardware specifically provided to implement the present invention. Alternatively, the system may be implemented using hardware and infrastructure that may already exist to link terminals in banks (or other locations) to a central controller being used for other purposes. Existing central controllers may be modified to incorporate the present invention in various ways, such as by adding an additional file server (with or without a CPU dedicated to credit card customizing transactions). Alternatively, the present invention may be implemented using existing hardware entirely, by making appropriate software updates at an existing central controller and existing agent terminals,in accordance with the present invention as taught below.
Alternatively, although not so depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3, a stand-alone system can be implemented in a single location by combining the functions of the agent terminal and the central controller, and eliminating the communication links and redundant hardware.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a preferred central controller 20. The central controller includes a CPU 21 that performs the processing functions of the controller. It also includes a read only memory 22 (ROM) and a random access memory 23 (RAM). The ROM 22 is used to store at least some of the program instructions that are to be executed by the CPU 21, such as portions of the operating system or BIOS, and the RAM. 23 is used for temporary storage of data. A clock circuit 24 provides a clock signal, which is required by the CPU 21. The use of a CPU in conjunction with ROM, RAM, and a clock circuit is well known to those skilled in the art of CPU-based electronic circuit design.
CPU 21 can also store information to, and read information from, a data storage device 27. This data storage device 27 includes a parameter database 27 a and a customer database 27 b, which are described below. In addition, it includes a program 27 c, which can be read and executed by the CPU 21, thereby controlling the operation of the central controller 20. While FIG. 2 depicts separate parameter and customer databases, a single database that incorporates both of those sets of data can also be used.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a preferred agent terminal 30, which can be located at a bank branch or office, by way of example. As discussed above, there can be any number of agent terminals 30 linked up to one central controller 20. Like the central controller 20 described above, the agent terminal 30 includes a CPU 31, ROM 32, RAM 33, and a clock circuit 34. The agent terminal 30 also includes a communication port 35 which interfaces with a modem 36 that facilitates communication between the agent terminal 30 and the central controller 20. Of course, instead of the modem 36 depicted in FIG. 3, methods of communication can be used, as described above for the central controller 20. A standard computer, such as an IBM-compatible PC or an Apple Macintosh, running appropriate software, may be used as the agent terminal. Existing terminals, currently being used for other functions in banks, may also be used.
The agent terminal 30 also includes an input device in the form of a keyboard 40 and a mouse 41, connected to receive input from an operator. Any of a wide variety of alternative input devices would also be suitable for this purpose (including, for example, touchscreens, digitizing tablets, trackballs, and the like). The input device may interface directly with the CPU 31, as shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively, an appropriate interface circuit may be placed between the CPU 31 and the input device.
The agent terminal 30 also includes a video monitor 39 for conveying information to the operator. While the preferred video monitor 39 is a CRT, other video display devices, including LCD, LED, and thin film transistor panels, may be used as well. Individual indicators may also be used to convey information to the operator, including incandescent and neon lamps, LEDs, and the like. A video driver 38 interfaces the CPU 31 to the video monitor 39 (or to any other type of video display device).
The agent terminal 30 also includes a data storage device 37, in which a program 37 c is stored. This program includes instructions that can be read by and executed by the CPU 31, thereby controlling the operation of the agent terminal 30.
FIG. 6 depicts the initiation of a transaction at an agent terminal. The steps of the process of FIG. 6 are performed at an agent terminal 30 (which, along with other hardware described below, is depicted in FIG. 3). These steps may be implemented in a computer program that may be installed at the agent terminal 30 from, for example, a computer readable medium (such as a floppy disk or CD-ROM) and then stored in the data storage device 37 (such as a hard disk drive). After being installed, the program 37 c can run from the data storage device 37. Alternatively, the program 37 c can run directly from the computer readable medium. As yet another alternative, not shown in the figures, the computer program may be installed at the central controller 20 from a computer readable medium and then stored therein in one or more of ROM memory 22, RAM memory 23 and the data storage device 27, for access and use by the agent terminals as required.
The process starts when a customer contacts a bank agent in step S1. The customer provides customer information in step S2. Preferably, this customer information includes an account identifier that uniquely specifies a particular credit card account. The customer selects the new credit card parameters that he wants to have in step S3. These parameters include, for example, the interest rate, credit limit and monthly minimum payment. This information is entered by the bank agent into the agent terminal 30 in step S4. The credit card parameters and the customer information are then transmitted to the central controller 20 in step S5. Alternatively, the information can be entered by the customer directly into a suitable terminal. Each of the steps S1-S5 described above is executed by the CPU 31, which executes a program 37 c stored in the data storage device 37. The communication with the central controller 20 takes place via the communication port 35 and the modem 36.
FIG. 4 depicts a preferred set of parameters pertaining to each credit account. These parameters are stored in the parameter database 27 a. When the customer selects the parameters in step S3 of FIG. 6, he selects from the available parameters. The preferred parameters include: the interest rate that is charged on unpaid balances; the time period of the interest rate, which is the amount of time for which the interest rate must remain fixed; the monthly minimum payment, which will typically be a percentage of the outstanding balance; the credit limit, which is the maximum amount of credit that the issuer will extend to the card holder; the grace period, which is a period following a purchase during which interest does not accrue; payment amnesty, which records the number of times a customer is permitted to skip a monthly payment which is inconvenient to pay; and a late fee, which is a fee that is charged when a customer do not pay his bill on time.
Parameter database 27 a is preferably indexed by the account identifier, linking parameter database 27 a with customer database 27 b. Of course, the invention is not limited to the parameters described above, and alternative parameters may be used.
FIG. 7. is a flowchart of the operation of the central controller 20 (which, along with other hardware described below, is depicted in FIG. 2). The steps of the process shown in FIG. 7 may be implemented in a computer program 27 c that may be installed at the central controller 20 from a computer readable medium and then stored therein in the data storage device 27. Alternatively, the program 27 c may be installed in the ROM 22 or the RAM 23.
First, in step S11, the central controller 20 receives the credit card parameters and customer parameters that were transmitted from the agent terminal 30. The central controller 20 retrieves the customer parameters corresponding to the received customer information (which is preferably an account identifier) in step S12. These retrieved customer parameters are preferably stored in the customer database 27 b. A preferred set of customer parameters for existing customers is depicted in FIG. 5. These parameters are stored in customer database 27 b. This set includes each customer's name and address; an account identifier (such as a credit card number); social security number (which is commonly used to identify individuals on their credit history records); the account balance (indicating the amount of money that the customer owes to the card issuer); and a customer rating. The customer rating rates the credit of the customer. This could be based on a customer's past payment history for the account in question. Alternatively, it could be based on information obtained from a credit reporting agency such as TRW or EQUIFAX. The credit rating could also be based on other factors such as the customer's income. A three-level customer rating of good, average, and bad may be established based on any of the above-mentioned factors, and then stored in the customer database 27 b. Of course, the invention is not limited to the parameters described above, and alternative parameters may be used.
Returning now to FIG. 7, the central controller 20 then calculates the price of modifying the account in step S13 based on the credit card parameters received from the agent terminal along with the customer parameters from the customer database 27 b. For example, a customer requesting a lower interest rate and lower minimum payments might be charged a fee of twenty dollars.
One example of calculating a price based on some of these parameters, and the effects of each of those parameters on the price, is described below.
(1) The interest rate: Decreasing the interest rate on the card will result in less revenue for the card issuer, so the customer will have to pay a premium for lowering the interest rate. A base price due to the change in interest rate can be computed by multiplying the decrease in interest rate by the expected average monthly balance for the customer by the expected life of the customer.
For example, a customer who wants to lower his interest rate by 2%, and who carries an average balance of $500, and who has an expected customer life of 3 years, will result in the following base:
Base=2%×$500×3=$30
(2) The time period of the interest rate: Interest rates which are fixed over a long period of time will result in greater exposure to adverse changes in market rates, therefore the price for changing parameters will increase as the length of the fixed period of coverage increases. The following multipliers for example may be used:
(3) The monthly minimum payments: Smaller minimum payments will tend to increase the risk of default, which will raise the price. The following multipliers for example may be used:
Payments lower by 30%
Payments stays the same
Payments increase by 30%
(4) The credit limit: Higher credit limits will tend to increase the risk of default, which will raise the price. The following multipliers for example may be used:
Decrease limit by 50%
Decrease limit by 25%
Limit stays the same
Increase limit by 25%
Increase limit by 50%
(5) The grace period: Since the card issuer does not collect interest during the grace period, extending it will require an increase in the price. The following multipliers for example may be used:
Extend by 2 weeks
Extend by 1 month
Extend by 2 months
A sample calculation, using these parameters, will now be described for a hypothetical customer who wants to change the parameters of an existing account. This customer wants to lower the interest rate by 2%, lock the rate in for 1 year, increase his monthly payment by 30%, decrease his credit limit by 25%, and extend his grace period by 1 month.
Base=2%×$500×3=$30 (as calculated above)
Adjustment=120%×80%×80%×125%=96%
Price=Base×Adjustment=$30×96%=$28.80
Where no adjustment to the interest rate is requested, the base cost of the change will take a different form; for example a fixed-price processing fee, or a predetermined percentage of the average monthly payment or average monthly balance.
While the calculation described above uses a simple product of various parameters, numerous other formulae may be used to arrive at a suitable price.
The price calculated based on the credit parameters may also be modified by customer parameters, such as the customer rating from the customer database (shown in FIG. 5). For example, the price may be tripled for customers with a bad credit rating, doubled for customers with an average credit rating, and left unchanged for customers with a good credit rating.
Once the price information has been calculated, it is transmitted to the customer in step S14.
In some instances, the price of modifying the account may be zero. For example, if a customer wants to increase his minimum monthly payments by 30%, the credit card company may modify his account for free. A card issuer may even be willing to pay a customer to change the terms of his account when the new terms are more profitable for the issuer. Thus, the phrase “calculating the price”, or equivalent phraseology used herein to describe an exchange of value for a change in credit terms, contemplates not only the computation of a price to be paid by the customer, but also circumstances in which the price or fee may be zero, or even where the credit issuer may provide a payment or credit to the customer for accepting new terms more favorable to the credit issuer.
After the price information is transmitted to the customer in step S14, the customer decides whether the price is acceptable in step S15. If he accepts the price for modifying his account, the system can process the sale by charging the customer's credit card, in step S16. This charging can be initiated by the central controller 20, (or by the agent terminal 30) using traditional credit card transaction procedures, such as those commonly used in retail stores. Transactions processed through the agent terminal 30 may be carried out using the same modem 36 that is used to communicate with the central controller 20. Alternatively, an additional modem (not shown) may be included in the agent terminal 30 to process the credit card transactions.
Of course, alternate methods of payment may be used instead of payment by credit card, including payment by cash, check, debit card, and the like. Alternatively, the bank may bill the customer for the price of modifying his account.
Finally, the customer database 27 b is modified to reflect the new account parameters in step S17. If the customer decides that the account price is not acceptable during step S15, the customer is given a chance to revise the initially selected credit card parameters in step S18. By trading off the various parameters against each other, the customer may be able to find terms that are suitable. After the customer revises the credit card parameters, the new credit card parameters are processed by the system in the same way as the original credit card parameters to generate a new price.
The processes depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7 are described above in the context of customizing existing accounts. In this situation, the pre-existing parameters of the existing account may be used in the computation of the price for setting up an account having the new set of parameters.
A similar process may be performed, with appropriate modifications, when a new account is being opened. In particular, in FIG. 6, because there is no pre-existing account, a credit card number can not be used as the customer identifier. Accordingly, a customer identifier such as a social security number, a name and address, or the like may be substituted for the credit card number. Similarly, in FIG. 7, instead of retrieving customer parameters corresponding to the credit card number, the central controller may retrieve credit history information from a credit bureau (such as TRW or EQUIFAX) using the customer identifier. Finally, because there are no pre-existing credit parameters, the price for opening a new account can not be based on those parameters. Accordingly, a set of standard parameters, which the card issuer would otherwise use for a standard account with no fees, may serve as the existing parameters.
There has thus been provided a method, apparatus, and program that enables banks to offer credit card accounts with terms that can be modified to meet each customer's needs. The invention will enable card issuers to distinguish their services and products from those of their competitors. The invention accommodates these ends in a manner that maintains the profitability of the account for the bank, while meeting the changing financial needs of the customer.
In practice, the present invention will not just create a more valuable product for the customer. It will also enable the bank to maintain customers who might otherwise be tempted to leave for other credit card programs, and to attract customers who might otherwise establish an account with another bank.
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associated with a prepaid cardWO2005010679A3 *Jul 14, 2004May 19, 2005American Express Travel RelateSystem and method for activating or changing the status of an account associated with a prepaid card* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification705/35, 705/17International ClassificationG06Q20/20, G06Q40/00, G06Q30/02, G06Q20/18, G06Q20/10, G06Q20/04, G07F19/00Cooperative ClassificationG06Q20/18, G06Q20/10, G06Q40/00, G07F19/20, G06Q30/02, G06Q20/04, G06Q20/204, G06Q40/025European ClassificationG06Q30/02, G06Q20/18, G06Q20/04, G07F19/20, G06Q40/025, G06Q20/204, G06Q20/10, G06Q40/00Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 30, 1999ASAssignmentOwner name: WALKER DIGITAL, LLC., CONNECTICUTFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010648/0653Effective date: 19991130Owner name: WALKER DIGITAL, LLC.,CONNECTICUTFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010648/0653Effective date: 19991130Dec 5, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: JAY WALKER, CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:011277/0178Effective date: 20001201Owner name: JAY WALKER,CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:011277/0178Effective date: 20001201Dec 21, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: GAP-WD HOLDINGS, INC., CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC.;REEL/FRAME:011399/0501Effective date: 20001208Owner name: GAP-WD HOLDINGS, INC.,CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC.;REEL/FRAME:011399/0501Effective date: 20001208May 31, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: WALKER, JAY, CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:011874/0792Effective date: 20010531Owner name: WALKER, JAY,CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:011874/0792Effective date: 20010531Feb 13, 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Curver 177729 Metal Effect One Touch Deco Bin, 40 L - Silver: Amazon.co.uk: Kitchen & Home
£28.22 + FREE UK delivery
4.2 out of 5 stars 1,450 customer reviews
#1 Best Sellerin Indoor Dustbins
Price: £28.22 FREE UK delivery.
You Save: £21.77 (44%)
17 new from £28.03
Metal effect design
£28.22 FREE UK delivery. In stock. Dispatched from and sold by LightingandMobileAccessoriesUK.
This item:Curver 177729 Metal Effect One Touch Deco Bin, 40 L - Silver £28.22
20 x Lakeland Tie Top Swing Bin Liners, 40 Litres £3.49
20 x Lakeland Tie Top Swing Bin Liners, 40 Litres
simplehuman - Code J, Custom Fit Bin Liners, 20 Pack - 30-45 Litre’
3L Silver Pedal Bin Stainless Steel Kitchen Bathroom Toilet Rubbish
Model Number 177729
Product Dimensions 34.9 x 28.2 x 68 cm
ASIN B003N9CM7Y
Customer Reviews 4.2 out of 5 stars 1,449 customer reviews
Best Sellers Rank 156 in Home & Kitchen (See top 100)
#1 in Home & Kitchen > Cooking & Dining > Kitchen Storage & Organisation > Waste & Recycling > Indoor Dustbins
#55 in Home & Kitchen > Laundry, Storage & Organisation
This item: 177729 Metal Effect One Touch Deco Bin, 40 L - Silver
"Deco" Waste Bin, Black/Silver Metallic, 20 Litre
5.0 out of 5 starsLovely bin
ByShenizon 5 January 2017
Size: 1 - Pack|Verified Purchase
I had this bin before and I needed to buy it again. The bin is lightweight and great addition to any modern looking kitchen. It's not very large which is what makes it fit so well in any kitchen. Doesn't stain easily at all and if it does, it's so simple to clean.
ByBongo,Dorseton 24 September 2017
Bin arrived on time but it is faulty but I am using it. The lid doesn't shut and keeps popping up. My old bin (same model) was fine for quite a few years but this one, although identical has the faulty lid. IT is frustrating as I would rather have had a perfect one but I keep it shut by putting my dustpan and brush on top. Not ideal I know but it will suffice.
5.0 out of 5 starsGood bin.
ByIf Only I Could Read Fasteron 18 September 2017
I'm happy with this bin. It isn't the biggest but works well as our kitchen bin and the lid works well with no problems, some reviews talk about finding it hard to fit the bin liner and have the lid still work but I've had no problems at all with that. It's quite sturdy, my dog can jump up on it and it won't tip over (she's 6kg) which is a big bonus!
2.0 out of 5 starsPing pong!
ByNadine Weekson 27 November 2016
First 1 came in the time stated but the catch was broken so the lid wouldnt shut. Sent that back (3 days still waiting for collection) another one delivered today and the lid shut but wouldnt spring open!! Husband reattached the springs and it now works fine! It is a bit ping pong but what you get for £18.99!
5.0 out of 5 starsClever "D" shaped bin
ByE. Weldonon 21 August 2017
"D" shaped bin holding 40 litres takes up less room than my old bin, Looks nice in my new kitchen. The extra feature holds the bag in place and the outer lid opens and closes with a slight touch.I dont like the thick black plastic base looks a bit clumsy and takes the sleek look away from the bin!
4.0 out of 5 starsGreat product but not 100%
ByKelly Nelsonon 15 December 2016
Great value and as a Prime customer it was delivered the following day. The only issues are that its really tricky to get bag out when emptying and the lid MUST be closed a certain way and in a certain place as it will pop back open again
5.0 out of 5 starsYou can't really go wrong and hate a trash can unless it either falls apart or ...
ByNanaon 22 February 2016
You can't really go wrong and hate a trash can unless it either falls apart or has an automatic lid. Neither of these apply here, just good old finely crafted stainless steel, with plastic on top. It's practically ready to go out of the box and it includes free sample trash bags
Byvicbrownon 29 March 2017
Great product particularly considering the price. It was this or one which was nearing £100. This is easier to use than the more expensive one and holds the bags more securely at the top. However sometimes it takes a couple of attempts to open and close. Not a major problem particularly considering the price and it makes up for it in other areas
Nice bin, exactly as advertised and prompt delivery
Published 13 minutes ago by Mrs Christine D Allen
great value for money, lovely bin
Published 10 hours ago by Jenni
I'm very happy with my new bin, I like the press to open style lid!
5.0 out of 5 starsRubbish Bin
Bought this as a gift for friend as I already have one at home and am very pleased with it and as my friend needed a bin thought it would be good idea. It was.
Published 1 day ago by J VINCENT
Great, sturdy bin with a good lid. Thanks!
Published 2 days ago by emma wright
Nice smart bin
Published 4 days ago by john adams
Published 4 days ago by mr anthony t farrelly
Great product, fast delivery and good business. Thank you.
Published 4 days ago by Mandy Matthews
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Patent US7108267 - Seal for a shaft - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsUnitary radial lip seals are useful to provide permanent lubrication to rotary shaft and bearing assemblies. In addition, these seals also function as excluder seals to keep dirt, chemicals, and other contaminants from contacting the lubricated surfaces. However, previous radial lip seals have a tendency...http://www.google.com/patents/US7108267?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7108267 - Seal for a shaftAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7108267 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/706,443Publication dateSep 19, 2006Filing dateNov 12, 2003Priority dateOct 31, 2001Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE10250785A1, US6692007, US20030080511, US20040094899Publication number10706443, 706443, US 7108267 B2, US 7108267B2, US-B2-7108267, US7108267 B2, US7108267B2InventorsMichael R. OldenburgOriginal AssigneeInternational Seal Company, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (100), Referenced by (2), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSeal for a shaftUS 7108267 B2Abstract Unitary radial lip seals are useful to provide permanent lubrication to rotary shaft and bearing assemblies. In addition, these seals also function as excluder seals to keep dirt, chemicals, and other contaminants from contacting the lubricated surfaces. However, previous radial lip seals have a tendency to wear or cut a groove into the associated rotary shaft, as the shaft is rotated during normal operation of the machine. The present disclosure describes a radial lip seal having a sleeve, a seal case, a faceplate and flexible member. This improved seal also has a second sleeve operably positioned between the shaft and the faceplate wiper ring that alleviates the tendency of the wiper ring to cut a groove into the shaft during normal operation of the machine.
PRIORITY This application is a continuation of, clams priority to, and entirely incorporates U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,007, which was filed Oct. 31, 2001 as U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/999,654, issued Feb. 17, 2004, and entitled Improved Seal For A Shaft.
TECHNICAL FIELD Generally, the present disclosure is related to the field of seals for sealing rotary shafts. The methods and apparatus are particularly related to the field of unitary combination lip and sleeve seals. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improved seal adapted for use in severe duty applications where oil and grease must be held in contact with rotary shaft and bearing assemblies. The present invention incorporates design features that prevent the seal from wearing or cutting a groove into the associated rotary shaft, which can occur with other seals during normal operation.
BACKGROUND The present seal structure yields a very important benefit over prior seal systems, in addition to providing most of the benefits of these seals. Previous seals, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1, have a tendency to cut or wear a circular groove into the associated rotary shaft. Theses grooves are primarily caused by the frictional contact between the faceplate wiper ring 189 and the shaft 121, as the shaft is rotated during normal operation of the machine. It is undesirable to have the wiper ring cutting a groove into the rotary shaft during operation because these grooves weaken the shaft and can eventually lead to cracking of the spindle. It is equally undesirable to remove the wiper ring from the seal faceplate, because the wiper ring provides an initial barrier against environmental contaminants. Therefore, the present invention alleviates the tendency of the wiper ring to cut or groove the rotary shaft, without compromising the overall seal quality.
SUMMARY The present disclosure, which incorporates herein by reference in their entirety, U.S. Pat. No. 6,186,507 to Oldenburg and application Ser. No. 09/401,570, filed Sep. 22, 1999, to Oldenburg, shows a retrofittable radial lip seal adapted to fit coaxially around, and reduce wear to, a circular rotatable shaft. In one embodiment, the seal comprises a first sleeve, a cylindrical seal case, a faceplate, a second sleeve and a flexible member. The first sleeve has an inner end that would normally be in contact with the grease, oil, or other fluid to be contained within a housing, an outer end opposite the inner end, a bore that has an elastomeric coating, and a first sleeve flange extending radially outward from the outer end of the first sleeve and generally perpendicular to the first sleeve axis. The first sleeve flange is terminated with an outer edge.
In one embodiment, the seal is made into a unitary structure by inserting the first sleeve inner end through the case flange so that the first sleeve flange is positioned near the bumper. The second sleeve is then placed inside the seal case so that the perimeter lip of the second sleeve flange contacts the inside surface of the seal case outer end near the case skirt. All of the voids between the case inner flange and the case skirt can be packed with grease before final assembly of the seal. The faceplate is then attached to the case skirt thereby retaining the sleeves within the case portion. It has been found that a high quality water-resistant grease works well. One satisfactory grease is made by Esso Corporation and sold under the trade name �BEACON 325,� although other products may also serve quite satisfactorily. Although it is believed preferable to attach the faceplate to the case by crimping the peripheral edge of the faceplate around the outer edge of the case skirt, the faceplate may also be attached to the skirt by welding, brazing, adhesive bonding, or by any other of the usual means of connecting such items. It is desired that the junction between the case skirt and the faceplate be impervious to external contaminants and internal lubricants at the temperatures, pressures and other conditions in which the seal was operated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional profile of the structure of an embodiment of a prior art seal, in which the wiper ring directly contacts the rotary shaft.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring now to the various figures of the accompanying drawing, FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional profile of an embodiment of the seal 120. A first sleeve, or seal sleeve, 122 is adapted to fit coaxially around a shaft 121. The first sleeve 122 has an inner end 124 that extends into the sealed region, which normally contains oil or grease, and an outer end 126 opposite. The first sleeve bore 128 may be coated with an elastomeric coating 130 in the region between the first sleeve inner end 124 and the first sleeve outer end 126. The optional sleeve bore elastomeric coating is desirable because it may prevent leakage from between the seal 120 and the shaft 121 even when the shaft is worn or damaged. The first sleeve flange 132 extends radially outwardly from the first sleeve outer end 126. The first sleeve flange 132 is adjacent, and runs generally parallel to, the second sleeve flange 205 which is described below.
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I. Case CompanyFor protecting a designated area from ambient contaminationUS4550920Sep 10, 1984Nov 5, 1985Nippon Oil Seal Industry Co., Ltd.Oil seal with main lip, subsidiary lip and dust lipUS4552367Nov 16, 1983Nov 12, 1985Garlock, Inc.Hub seal and axle assembly and method for its assemblyUS4613005Jun 20, 1984Sep 23, 1986Chicago Rawhide Manufacturing Co.Unitized seal for severe service applicationsUS4667968Mar 26, 1985May 26, 1987Federal-Mogul CorporationDual-lip grease-retaining and dirt-excluding shaft sealUS4696479Aug 26, 1985Sep 29, 1987Triseal CorporationUnitized shaft seal assemblyUS4721312Jan 21, 1986Jan 26, 1988Firma Carl FreudenbergCassette seal for a shaftUS4799808Nov 23, 1987Jan 24, 1989The Timken CompanyCompact sealUS4808012Mar 23, 1987Feb 28, 1989The Timken CompanyFlap seal for anti-friction bearingsUS4819999Jul 13, 1987Apr 11, 1989Caterpillar Inc.Use in sealing a jointUS4856794Jul 23, 1987Aug 15, 1989Federal-Mogul CorporationOil seal with antirotation ribsUS4936433Oct 12, 1988Jun 26, 1990Eaton CorporationViscous damper with molded dynamic sealUS4943068Jul 10, 1989Jul 24, 1990Mather Seal CompanyFor excluding debris from a portion of a rotating shaftUS5004248Aug 25, 1983Apr 2, 1991Garlock Inc.Unitized seal with unitizing joint remote from seal lipUS5015001Jul 23, 1990May 14, 1991Mather Seal CompanyLow friction seal assemblyUS5028054Jul 13, 1990Jul 2, 1991Fmc CorporationIdler roller bearing and sealUS5042822Sep 28, 1989Aug 27, 1991Fag Kugelfischer Georg Schafer KgaaSeal with two sealing ringsUS5096207Nov 15, 1990Mar 17, 1992Firma Carl FreudenbergCartridge seal with dual lipped secondary sealUS5183269Feb 6, 1991Feb 2, 1993Chicago Rawhide Manufacturing Co.Unitized grit seal with removable thrust bumperUS5201529Feb 16, 1991Apr 13, 1993Nok CorporationSealing deviceUS5209499May 26, 1992May 11, 1993Mather Seal CompanyUnitized polytetrafluoroethylene radial lip sealUS5209502Jun 23, 1992May 11, 1993Mather Seal CompanyDual lip seal and method of forming the sealUS5211406 *Jun 10, 1991May 18, 1993Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen AgSealing-modular constructionUS5299811Dec 23, 1992Apr 5, 1994Siemens Automotive LimitedSeal member mounted in housing pocket by resilient retaining memberUS5340125Oct 16, 1992Aug 23, 1994Brown Richard CGasket for radially spaced pipesUS5348312Jun 18, 1992Sep 20, 1994Firma Carl FreudenbergCassette sealUS5380015Dec 17, 1993Jan 10, 1995Federal-Mogul CorporationMachined shaft seal encased in an elastomeric sleeveUS5470157Mar 29, 1994Nov 28, 1995The Timken CompanyBearing seal for sensing angular velocityUS5480161Jun 15, 1993Jan 2, 1996Garlock IncShaft seal with controlled porosity elementsUS5503408Sep 16, 1993Apr 2, 1996John Crane Inc.Lip seal for a rotary shaftUS5522600Mar 21, 1995Jun 4, 1996Dana CorporationAnnular lubricant seal assembly with spring memberUS5553870Feb 16, 1994Sep 10, 1996The Timken CompanyLip seal separating oil and greaseUS5577741Jul 17, 1995Nov 26, 1996Brenco IncorporatedCombination lip and sleeve seal and its method of manufactureUS5582412Apr 27, 1993Dec 10, 1996Sabo Industria E Comercio Ltda.For use in an endothermal engine-powered water pumpUS5607168Dec 9, 1994Mar 4, 1997Albert Trostel Packings, Ltd.Seal incorporating a resilient sealing elementUS5655781Jan 13, 1995Aug 12, 1997Petrak; Gregory H.Unitized radial and facial sealUS5676383Sep 10, 1996Oct 14, 1997Federal-Mogul CorporationHydrodynamic low-torque lubricant seal with pumping projectionsUS5687972Nov 26, 1996Nov 18, 1997Petrak; Gregory H.Unitary oil seal assemblyUS5716277Jun 10, 1996Feb 10, 1998Dana CorporationSeal for a universal joint trunnionUS5836700Jun 5, 1997Nov 17, 1998Cooper Split Roller Bearing CorporationSplit bearing sealUS5944321Apr 7, 1997Aug 31, 1999Fag Automobiltechnik AgSeal, in particular a rolling bearing sealUS5975538Jun 19, 1997Nov 2, 1999John Crane Inc.Radial lip shaft sealUS6050572Mar 9, 1998Apr 18, 2000Bal Seal Engineering Company, Inc.Rotary cartridge seals with retainerUS6073933Mar 11, 1998Jun 13, 2000Freudenberg-Nok General PartnershipLoad bearing washer and dirt excluderUS6149158Jun 30, 1998Nov 21, 2000Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc.Unitized oil seal with PTFE sealing disk split at radially outer edge and method of manufactureUS6168165Nov 10, 1999Jan 2, 2001Sabo Industria E Comercio, Ltda.Semi integrated sealing systemUS6170833Mar 26, 1998Jan 9, 2001Stemco IncHub seal with machinable thrust ring and lay-down sealing lipUS6186507Sep 25, 1997Feb 13, 2001Michael R. OldenburgRetrofittable severe duty seal for a shaftUS6199869Jun 20, 2000Mar 13, 2001Nok CorporationSealing deviceUS6220600Oct 7, 1999Apr 24, 2001Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc.Low installation/removal force wear sleeve and method of useUS6257587May 21, 1999Jul 10, 2001Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc.Radial lip seal having protected porous dust excluderUS6357751Feb 25, 1999Mar 19, 2002Kaco Gmbh & Co.Protective element for a sealing arrangement with at least one sealing ring, sealing arrangement with such a protective element as well as method for keeping away dirt particles from such a sealing arrangementUS6406026Oct 17, 2000Jun 18, 2002Transcom, Inc.Retrofittable severe duty seal for a shaftUS6450503Nov 22, 2000Sep 17, 2002Rolf S.P.A.Box-type seal assembly, in particular for vehicle axlesUSRE35309Jun 21, 1994Aug 6, 1996Nok CorporationSealing deviceEP0036281B1Mar 10, 1981Jul 20, 1983GEORGE ANGUS & COMPANY LIMITEDRotary fluid sealsEP0086002A1Jan 24, 1983Aug 17, 1983"Dredging International"Sealing of a pump impeller shaftEP0091983A1Aug 4, 1982Oct 26, 1983Firma Carl FreudenbergUnitized lip sealEP0128241A2Nov 4, 1983Dec 19, 1984Firma Carl FreudenbergSealEP0172348A1Jun 14, 1985Feb 26, 1986INA W�lzlager Schaeffler KGSealEP0172881B1Feb 8, 1985Sep 21, 1988Federal Mogul CorporationUnitized dual-lip shaft sealEP0213652A1Jul 10, 1986Mar 11, 1987Ihc Holland N.V.Shaft sealEP0230120A2Dec 8, 1986Jul 29, 1987Hallite Holdings LimitedMaking sealing ring assembliesEP0260441A2Aug 13, 1987Mar 23, 1988SKF Nova ABSealEP0281452A1Feb 10, 1988Sep 7, 1988PROCAL, Soci�t� anonyme diteTreatment method for sealings, in particular for lipped sealing ringsEP0301731A2Jul 14, 1988Feb 1, 1989The Timken CompanySeal assemblyEP0303359A1Jul 14, 1988Feb 15, 1989The Timken CompanySealEP0304160A1Jul 14, 1988Feb 22, 1989The Timken CompanySeal assemblyEP0337893A1Apr 14, 1989Oct 18, 1989PROCAL, Soci�t� anonyme diteCartridge sealEP0385635A2Feb 20, 1990Sep 5, 1990John Crane Uk LimitedSealsEP0394025A1Apr 19, 1990Oct 24, 1990Dowty Seals LimitedAnnular sealsEP0420212A2Sep 26, 1990Apr 3, 1991Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Geared motorEP0427553A1Nov 8, 1990May 15, 1991The BOC Group plcShaft sealing arrangementsEP0454193A1Mar 19, 1991Oct 30, 1991Forsheda ABA sealing device for sealing an annular space between two machine elements which are rotatable in relation to each otherEP0474950A1Sep 14, 1990Mar 18, 1992W.S. Shamban Europa A/SA sealing device and a method of making the same* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8235391Mar 17, 2010Aug 7, 2012Federal-Mogul CorporationRadial shaft seal assembly with lubrication retention and debris exclusion feature and method of construction thereofUS20120217706 *Sep 7, 2010Aug 30, 2012Yefim EpshetskyFloating Wear Sleeve Assembly for Shaft Seals* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification277/571, 277/371, 277/562International ClassificationF16J15/32Cooperative ClassificationF16J15/324, F16J15/3256European ClassificationF16J15/32E2B, F16J15/32CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 2, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 13, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: DICHTOMATIK AMERICAS, L.P.,MINNESOTAEffective date: 20100705Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE TO DICHTOMATIK AMERICAS, L.P. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 024662 FRAME 0496. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE FULL AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ALL FOREIGN COUNTRIES;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:24672/190Owner name: DICHTOMATIK AMERICAS, L.P., MINNESOTAFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE TO DICHTOMATIK AMERICAS, L.P. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 024662 FRAME 0496. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE FULL AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ALL FOREIGN COUNTRIES;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024672/0190Jul 12, 2010ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:24662/496Effective date: 20100705Owner name: DICHTOMATIK NORTH AMERICA, L.P.,MINNESOTAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024662/0496Owner name: DICHTOMATIK NORTH AMERICA, L.P., MINNESOTAOct 29, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Mar 22, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC., MINNESOTAFree format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:TRANSCOM, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017025/0968Effective date: 20031001RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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God's Guarantee To Heal You! by Allen, A. A.: A. A. Allen Revivals, Miracle Valley, AZ Soft Cover - 4 THE WORLD RESOURCE DISTRIBUTORS
God's Guarantee To Heal You!
Published by A. A. Allen Revivals, Miracle Valley, AZ, 1950
Title: God's Guarantee To Heal You!
Publisher: A. A. Allen Revivals, Miracle Valley, AZ
Reprint Size: 12mo - over 6¾" - 7¾" tall. Bookseller Inventory # 041650

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BBC News - A&E departments understaffed by nearly 10%, BBC survey suggests
The average English A&E had 9.7% of its posts vacant in August 2013
A&E problems: 'We lack the man-power' Listen
A&E services came under extreme pressure last winter and the government's four-hour waiting time target was regularly breached. This was partly as a result of more patients coming through the door, but also because of problems recruiting staff. Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play.
Mike Farrar: "We've seen unprecedented levels already this year and we simply have to plan now"
Up to 43% of posts were unfilled in Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS trust. It has A&Es on two sites, and indicated in its response that of the 302 staff it thinks it requires, it is short of 12 consultants, 41 doctors and 75 nurses.
"With A&E consultants largely able to pick and choose their employer, this can make it difficult to attract permanent staff." The next three trusts with the largest proportion of vacant posts were Croydon Health Services, Ealing, and North West London Hospitals - but staffing shortages appear to be a nationwide issue.
Jennie Fecitt, lead nurse of campaign group Patients First, and an A&E nurse for 25 years, said this level of vacancies would have a "significant impact" on the safety and wellbeing of patients. "A&E nurses are under horrendous pressure. They have got targets and short-staffing to consider. Some hospitals have got it right but they are few and far between," she said. 'In danger'
Anna Soubry: "We inherited the system which unfortunately had been seriously underfunded by the last government."
Separately, a nursing union poll found nine out of 10 nurses working in acute and emergency care believed current pressures on A&E services were putting patients in danger. The Royal College of Nursing, which has 410,000 members, said its survey had found that 89% of nursing staff thought the people they were meant to be caring for were being put at risk, while 85% said patient safety was being compromised by the strain on the departments.
Continue reading the main story	Are nurses working too hard to fill in the gaps?
"The college has received many reports for some time about the problems staffing emergency departments," he said. "The impact for patient care is that there are fewer doctors to see them, which means that most patients may have to wait longer than we would ideally wish them to wait, in order to be seen.
Andy Burnham: "Labour has been warning all year about the intense pressure on Accident and Emergency departments."
He said: "Recruiting and holding on to doctors in A&E has been a problem for over a decade - A&E is not a popular choice among trainees and in recent years less than 50% of the speciality training places available were taken. "But earlier this year, the government took action by setting up the first ever independent body with a clear set of priorities to increase the number of A&E doctors and the number of medical students choosing A&E as a career."

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