text:
Rule: Human drugs: Dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis drug products (OTC); final monograph amendment | Federal Preemption | Over The Counter Drug
Rule: Human drugs: Dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis drug products (OTC); final monograph amendment, 9849-9852 [E7-3808] Food and Drug Administration
saveSave Rule: Human drugs: Dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis... For Later
74 Fair empl.prac.cas. (Bna) 1849, 73 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 45,289 Mark Abdu-Brisson Ronald H. Buchner Gordon Burgess Robert Burke Thomas D. Callahan Thomas F. Carey Dale E. Carman Louis Carrara T. Barry Casey Lamar Cason Robert T. Cassidy Robert Changery Larry E. Chappel Richard Charbonneau Stanley Checkoway Douglas S. Christensen Lee J. Church James Cirilli Robert Clack Walter M. Clark Philip Claudy Harold T. Cleaver Charles Clements Richard T. Clough Lawrence D. Cobb Wesley Collins Ronald E. Combee Eugene M. Comfort Harry G. Compton John C. Cook Clifford Cool David L. Cooper Donald C. Cory Marcus Covington Eugene Cox Lynn Cox Lynn O. Cox Howard Crowell J.N. Crump Charles Crumpton Joseph C. Cushing Edward Cywinski Thomas G. Dahoney Joseph Dalton Charles R. Davis Gerald E. Davis Wade L. Davis Thomas A. Dean Ernest E. Dell, Jr. Thomas J. Delnickas Henry P. Denoncour Robert Devries Clarence J. Dieter Charles Dike, Jr. Gerald Dion Jack Ditzel Stephen A. Dodge William W. Donnelly Wilfredo H.
Derek J. Smith v. Dunham-Bush, Inc., and the Robins Group, Inc., 959 F.2d 6, 2d Cir. (1992)
FDA Medical Record
Notice: Meetings: Adolescent over-the-counter drug products; public workshop
Reseach and development in pharma
43 / Tuesday, March 6, 2007 / Rules and Regulations 9849
term is defined in Executive Order (iii) Authorized by § 740.14(e) of the jackets, plastic handcuffs; and parts
13132. EAR (certain shotguns and shotgun and accessories, n.e.s.
4. The provisions of the shells for personal use). * * * * *
Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. * * * * *
553) requiring notice of proposed List of Items Controlled
(10) The commodity being exported or
rulemaking, the opportunity for public reexported is subject to the license Unit * * *
participation, and a delay in effective requirements of § 742.11 of the EAR. Related Controls: Thumbcuffs are
date, are inapplicable because this controlled under ECCN 0A983.
regulation involves a military or foreign * * * * *
affairs function of the United States (see PART 742—[AMENDED]
5 U.S.C. 553(a)(1)). Further, no other Supplement No. 1 to Part 774—
law requires that a notice of proposed ■ 3. The authority citation for part 742 [Amended]
rulemaking and an opportunity for is revised to read as follows: ■ 7. In Supplement No. 1 to Part 774,
public comment be given for this rule. Authority: 50 U.S.C. app. 2401 et seq.; 50 Category 0, Export Control Classification
Because a notice of proposed U.S.C. 1701 et seq.; 22 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.; Number 0A983, revise the heading to
rulemaking and an opportunity for 42 U.S.C. 2139a; Sec. 901–911, Pub. L. 106– read as follows:
public comment are not required to be 387; Sec. 221, Pub. L. 107–56; Sec. 1503, Pub. 0A983 Specially designed implements
given for this rule by 5 U.S.C. 553, or L. 108–11,117 Stat. 559; E.O. 12058, 43 FR of torture, thumbscrews, and
by any other law, the analytical 20947, 3 CFR, 1978 Comp., p. 179; E.O.
12851, 58 FR 33181, 3 CFR, 1993 Comp., p.
thumbcuffs; and parts and accessories,
requirements of the Regulatory n.e.s.
Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601 et. seq., are 608; E.O. 12938, 59 FR 59099, 3 CFR, 1994
Comp., p. 950; E.O. 13026, 61 FR 58767, 3 * * * * *
not applicable. CFR, 1996 Comp., p. 228; E.O. 13222, 66 FR Dated: February 26, 2007.
List of Subjects 44025, 3 CFR, 2001 Comp., p. 783;
Presidential Determination 2003–23 of May Christopher A. Padilla,
15 CFR Part 740 7, 2003, 68 FR 26459, May 16, 2003; Notice Assistant Secretary for Export
of August 3, 2006, 71 FR 44551 (August 7, Administration.
procedure, Exports, Reporting and 2006); Notice of October 27, 2006, 71 FR [FR Doc. E7–3895 Filed 3–5–07; 8:45 am]
64109 (October 31, 2006). BILLING CODE 3510–33–P
15 CFR Part 742 ■ 4. In § 742.11, revise the heading and
Exports, Terrorism. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
§ 742.11 Specially designed implements of HUMAN SERVICES
15 CFR Part 774 torture, thumbscrews, and thumbcuffs; and
Exports, Reporting and recordkeeping parts and accessories, n.e.s. Food and Drug Administration
requirements. (a) License Requirements. In support
■ For the reasons set forth in the of U.S. foreign policy to promote the 21 CFR Parts 310 and 358
preamble, parts 740, 742 and 774 of the observance of human rights throughout [Docket No. 2005N–0448]
Export Administration Regulations (15 the world, a license is required to export
any commodity controlled by ECCN RIN 0910–AF49
CFR 730–799) are amended as follows:
0A983 to all destinations including
Canada. Dandruff, Seborrheic Dermatitis, and
Psoriasis Drug Products Containing
■ 1. The authority citation for part 740 * * * * * Coal Tar and Menthol for Over-the-
continues to read as follows: PART 774—[AMENDED] Counter Human Use; Amendment to
Authority: 50 U.S.C. app. 2401 et seq.; 50 the Monograph
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.; Sec. 901–911, Pub. L. ■ 5. The authority citation for part 774 AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration,
106–387; E.O. 13026, 61 FR 58767, 3 CFR, is revised to read as follows: HHS.
1996 Comp., p. 228; E.O. 13222, 66 FR 44025,
Authority: 50 U.S.C. app. 2401 et seq.; 50 ACTION: Final rule.
3 CFR, 2001 Comp., p. 783; Notice of August
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.; 10 U.S.C. 7420; 10 U.S.C.
3, 2006, 71 FR 44551 (August 7, 2006).
7430(e); 22 U.S.C. 287c, 22 U.S.C. 3201 et SUMMARY: The Food and Drug
■ 2. In § 740.2, revise paragraph (a)(4) seq., 22 U.S.C. 6004; 30 U.S.C. 185(s), 185(u); Administration (FDA) is issuing a final
and add paragraph (a)(10) to read as 42 U.S.C. 2139a; 42 U.S.C. 6212; 43 U.S.C. rule amending the final monograph
follows: 1354; 46 U.S.C. app. 466c; 50 U.S.C. app. 5; (FM) for over-the-counter (OTC)
Sec. 901–911, Pub. L. 106–387; Sec. 221, Pub.
dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and
§ 740.2 Restrictions on all License L. 107–56; E.O. 13026, 61 FR 58767, 3 CFR,
1996 Comp., p. 228; E.O. 13222, 66 FR 44025, psoriasis drug products to include the
3 CFR, 2001 Comp., p. 783; Notice of August combination of 1.8 percent coal tar
(a) * * * solution and 1.5 percent menthol in a
(4) The item being exported or shampoo drug product to control
reexported is subject to the license Supplement No. 1 to Part 774— dandruff. FDA did not receive any
requirements described in § 742.7 of the [Amended] comments or data in response to its
EAR and the export or reexport is not: previously proposed rule to include this
(i) Being made to Australia, Japan, ■ 6. In Supplement No. 1 to Part 774,
Category 0, Export Control Classification combination. This final rule is part of
New Zealand, or a NATO (North
Number 0A982, revise the heading and FDA’s ongoing review of OTC drug
Atlantic Treaty Organization) member
the ‘‘Related Controls’’ paragraph in the products.
rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES
state (see NATO membership listing in
§ 772.1 of the EAR); ‘‘List of Items Controlled’’ section to DATES: Effective Date: This regulation is
(ii) Authorized by § 740.11(b)(2)(ii) read as follows: effective April 5, 2007.
(official use by personnel and agencies 0A982 Restraint devices, including leg FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
of the U.S. government); or irons, shackles, and handcuffs; straight Michael L. Chasey, Center for Drug
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9850 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 43 / Tuesday, March 6, 2007 / Rules and Regulations
Evaluation and Research, Food and In the Federal Register of December 4, solution and 1.5 percent menthol as
Drug Administration, 10903 New 1991 (56 FR 63554), FDA issued a FM GRASE in a shampoo drug product to
Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 22, MS 5411, for OTC dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, control dandruff and relieve scalp
Silver Spring, MD 20993, 301–796– and psoriasis drug products (21 CFR itching associated with dandruff.
2090. part 358, subpart H). The FM includes FDA did not receive any comments or
a discussion of a study comparing two data in response to the proposed
shampoo formulations for relief of scalp amendment to the final rule. Therefore,
I. Background itching associated with dandruff. One in this final rule, FDA is adding the
In the Federal Register of December 4, formulation contained the combination combination of 1.8 percent coal tar and
1979 (44 FR 69768), FDA published an of 9 percent coal tar solution and 1.5 1.5 percent menthol to § 358.720 (21
advance notice of proposed rulemaking percent menthol and the other CFR 358.720) and removing the
(ANPR) to establish a monograph for contained coal tar as a single ingredient. combination from § 310.545(d)(3) (21
OTC external analgesic drug products. FDA determined that the study had a CFR 310.545(d)(3)). As proposed, FDA
The ANPR includes the number of major design flaws. For is also adding new § 358.760 (21 CFR
recommendations of the Advisory example, the study did not include a 358.760) to describe the labeling for this
Review Panel on OTC Topical group of subjects who only used combination. It reads as follows:
Analgesic, Antirheumatic, Otic, Burn, menthol. Thus, the individual • Statement of identity
and Sunburn Prevention and Treatment contributions of coal tar and menthol to (§ 358.760(a)(1)): ‘‘dandruff/anti-itch
Drug Products (the Topical Analgesic the effectiveness of the combination shampoo’’ or ‘‘antidandruff/anti-itch
Panel). The Topical Analgesic Panel product could not be determined from shampoo’’
the study. In addition, the statistical • Indication (§ 358.760(b)(1) and
concluded that menthol is safe and
analysis of the study results was not (b)(2)): ‘‘[bullet] [select one of the
effective for use as an OTC external
valid. FDA concluded that the study did following: ‘for relief of’ or ‘controls’] the
antipruritic (anti-itch) ingredient in
not demonstrate that the combination symptoms of dandruff [bullet] [select
concentrations of 1.0 percent or less and
product offers any advantage over the one of the following: ‘additional’ or
as an external counterirritant in
product containing only coal tar. Thus, ‘extra’] relief of itching due to dandruff’’
concentrations exceeding 1.25 percent • Warnings (§ 358.760(c)(1) and
FDA concluded that the coal tar-
up to 16 percent. In the Federal Register (c)(2)): those listed in § 358.750(c)(1)
menthol combination is not generally
of February 8, 1983 (48 FR 5852), FDA’s and (c)(2)
recognized as safe and effective
proposed monograph, or tentative final • Directions (§ 358.760(d)(1)):
(GRASE) for the control of dandruff
monograph (TFM), for OTC external ‘‘[bullet] wet hair [bullet] apply
based on the study. This combination
analgesic drug products included was placed in a list of active ingredients shampoo and work into a lather [bullet]
menthol as an antipruritic ingredient at found not to be GRASE (21 CFR rinse thoroughly [bullet] for best results,
concentrations from 0.1 percent to 1.0 310.545(d)(3)). use at least twice a week or as directed
percent. by a doctor’’
In the Federal Register of December 3, II. Amendment of the Dandruff, Any OTC dandruff, seborrheic
1982 (47 FR 54646), FDA published an Seborrheic Dermatitis, and Psoriasis dermatitis, or psoriasis drug product
ANPR to establish a monograph for OTC FM containing this combination of
dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and In 1993, FDA received a petition ingredients that is initially introduced
psoriasis drug products. The ANPR containing new data in support of the or initially delivered for introduction
includes the recommendations of the combination of coal tar and menthol for into interstate commerce after the
Advisory Review Panel on OTC the relief of scalp itching associated effective date of this final rule and is not
Miscellaneous External Drug Products with dandruff. This new study in compliance with the regulations is
(the Miscellaneous External Panel) addressed the concerns raised by FDA subject to regulatory action.
concerning OTC drug products for the with the original study in the FM. The FDA is adding the combination of 1.8
control of dandruff, seborrheic new study was a three-arm study, so the percent coal tar and 1.5 percent menthol
dermatitis, and psoriasis. The effectiveness of the individual and corresponding labeling and is also
Miscellaneous External Panel ingredients could be properly compared revising § 358.720(a) to correct an error.
recommended coal tar preparations as to the combination product. In addition, Section 358.720(a) references ‘‘sulfur
safe and effective for use as shampoos the appropriate statistics were used to identified in § 358.710(a)(6),’’ but the
for controlling dandruff. The analyze the data. The study shows that paragraph should reference ‘‘sulfur
Miscellaneous External Panel also both menthol alone as well as the identified in § 358.710(a)(7).’’ This error
concluded that menthol is safe at combination of menthol and coal tar was introduced when micronized
concentrations of 0.04 to 1.5 percent, provide greater itch relief than coal tar selenium sulfide was added to the
but that there were insufficient alone at 5, 15, and 30 minutes after monograph and § 358.710(a) was
effectiveness data to include menthol in shampooing and that the differences at renumbered (58 FR 17554 and 59 FR
the monograph for controlling dandruff. each timepoint were statistically 4000).
The Miscellaneous External Panel significant. Although menthol alone
further noted that menthol’s activity to provides itch relief, FDA has no data to III. Analysis of Impacts
temporarily relieve itching should not support menthol as a single active FDA has examined the impacts of the
be considered the same as control of ingredient for general relief and control final rule under Executive Order 12866,
dandruff. of the non-pruritic symptoms of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C.
In the Federal Register of July 30, dandruff (e.g., scaling). Thus, in the 601–612), and the Unfunded Mandates
1986 (51 FR 27346), FDA published its Federal Register of December 9, 2005 Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1501 et
TFM for OTC dandruff, seborrheic (70 FR 73178), FDA published a seq.). Executive Order 12866 directs
dermatitis, and psoriasis drug products. proposed rule (PR) to amend the FM for agencies to assess all costs and benefits
No new information was submitted for OTC dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, of available regulatory alternatives and,
menthol. Therefore, menthol was not and psoriasis drug products to include when regulation is necessary, to select
included in the TFM. the combination of 1.8 percent coal tar regulatory approaches that maximize
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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 43 / Tuesday, March 6, 2007 / Rules and Regulations 9851
net benefits (including potential IV. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 solution and 1.5 percent menthol in a
economic, environmental, public health FDA concludes that the labeling shampoo drug product to control
and safety, and other advantages; requirements proposed in this dandruff. Although this final rule has a
distributive impacts; and equity). Under document are not subject to review by preemptive effect, in that it precludes
the Regulatory Flexibility Act, if a rule the Office of Management and Budget States from promulgating requirements
may have a significant economic impact because they do not constitute a related to labeling for OTC dandruff,
on a substantial number of small ‘‘collection of information’’ under the seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis
entities, an agency must analyze Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 drug products that are different from or
regulatory options that would minimize U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). Rather, the labeling in addition to, or not otherwise identical
any significant impact of the rule on statements are a ‘‘public disclosure of with a requirement in the final rule, this
small entities. Section 202(a) of the information originally supplied by the preemptive effect is consistent with
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 Federal government to the recipient for what Congress set forth in section 751
the purpose of disclosure to the public’’ of the act. Section 751(a) of the act
requires that agencies prepare a written
(5 CFR 1320.3(c)(2)). displaces both State legislative
statement, which includes an
requirements and State common law
assessment of costs and benefits, before V. Environmental Impact duties. We also note that even where the
proposing ‘‘any rule that includes any express preemption provision is not
Federal mandate that may result in the FDA has determined under 21 CFR
25.31(a) that this action is of a type that applicable, implied pre-emption may
expenditure by state, local, and tribal arise (see Geier v. American Honda Co.,
does not individually or cumulatively
governments, in the aggregate, or by the 529 US 861 (2000)).
have a significant effect on the human
private sector, of $100 million or more FDA believes that the preemptive
environment. Therefore, neither an
(adjusted annually for inflation) in any effect of the final rule is consistent with
environmental assessment nor an
one year.’’ environmental impact statement is Executive Order 13132. Section 4(e) of
FDA concludes that this final rule is required. the Executive order provides that ‘‘when
consistent with the principles set out in an agency proposes to act through
VI. Federalism adjudication or rulemaking to preempt
Executive Order 12866 and in these two
statutes. This final rule is not a FDA has analyzed this final rule in State law, the agency shall provide all
significant regulatory action as defined accordance with the principles set forth affected State and local officials notice
by the Executive order and so is not in Executive Order 13132. FDA has and an opportunity for appropriate
determined that the rule will have a participation in the proceedings.’’
subject to review under the Executive On January 18, 2007, FDA’s Division
order. As discussed in this section, FDA preemptive effect on State law. Section
4(a) of the Executive order requires of Federal and State Relations provided
has determined that this final rule will notice via fax and email transmission to
not have significant economic impact on agencies to ‘‘construe * * * a Federal
statute to preempt State law only where elected officials of State governments
a substantial number of small entities and their representatives of national
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act. the statute contains an express
preemption provision or there is some organizations. The notice provided the
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act States with further opportunity for input
does not require FDA to prepare a other clear evidence that the Congress
intended preemption of State law, or on the rule. It advised the States of the
statement of costs and benefits for this publication of the December 9, 2005,
where the exercise of State authority
final rule because the rule is not proposed rule and encouraged State and
conflicts with the exercise of Federal
expected to result in any 1-year local governments to review the notice
authority under the Federal statute.’’
expenditure that would meet or exceed and to provide any comments to the
Section 751 of the Federal Food, Drug,
$100 million adjusted for inflation. The docket (2005N–0448) by a date 30 days
and Cosmetic Act (the act) (21 U.S.C.
current threshold after adjustment for from the date of the letter (i.e., by
379r) is an express preemption
inflation is about $118 million, using February 20, 2007), or to contact certain
provision. Section 751(a) of the act (21
the most current (2004) Implicit Price named individuals. FDA received no
U.S.C. 379r(a)) provides that:
Deflator for the Gross Domestic Product. comments in response to this notice.
* * * no State or political subdivision of The notice has been filed in the above
The purpose of this final rule is to a State may establish or continue in effect
allow an additional combination of numbered docket.
any requirement—* * * (1) that relates to
active ingredients for OTC antidandruff the regulation of a drug that is not subject to List of Subjects
drug products. Manufacturers can the requirements of section 503(b)(1) or
503(f)(1)(A); and (2) that is different from or 21 CFR Part 310
reformulate their OTC antidandruff drug
in addition to, or that is otherwise not Administrative practice and
products that contain coal tar to include identical with, a requirement under this Act,
the combination or can manufacture a procedure, Drugs, Labeling, Medical
new combination product containing (15 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.), or the Fair Packaging
devices, Reporting and recordkeeping
coal tar and menthol. Reformulating or and Labeling Act (15 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.). requirements.
manufacturing a new combination Currently, this provision operates to 21 CFR Part 358
product might result in additional preempt States from imposing Labeling, Over-the-counter drugs.
product sales but, in either case, is requirements related to the regulation of
optional. Thus, this final rule will not ■ Therefore, under the Federal Food,
nonprescription drug products. (See
impose a significant economic burden Drug, and Cosmetic Act and under
Section 751(b) through (e) of the act for
on affected entities. Therefore, FDA authority delegated to the Commissioner
the scope of the express preemption of Food and Drugs, 21 CFR parts 310
certifies that this final rule will not have provision, the exemption procedures, and 358 are amended as follows:
a significant economic impact on a and the exceptions to the provision.)
substantial number of small entities. No This final rule amends the FM for PART 310—NEW DRUGS
further analysis is required under the OTC dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis,
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. and psoriasis drug products to include ■ 1. The authority citation for 21 CFR
605(b)). the combination of 1.8 percent coal tar part 310 continues to read as follows:
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9852 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 43 / Tuesday, March 6, 2007 / Rules and Regulations
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321, 331, 351, 352, established name, the labeling of the unless otherwise stated in this
353, 355, 360b–360f, 360j, 361(a), 371, 374, product states the established name of paragraph (d). When the time intervals
375, 379e; 42 U.S.C. 216, 241, 242(a), 262, the combination drug product, followed or age limitations for administration of
263b–263n. by the statement of identity for each the individual ingredients differ, the
■ 2. Section 310.545 is amended by ingredient in the combination, as directions for the combination product
revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as established in the statement of identity may not contain any dosage that
follows: sections of the applicable OTC drug exceeds those established for any
monographs. individual ingredient in the applicable
§ 310.545 Drug products containing (1) Combinations of control of OTC drug monograph(s), and may not
certain active ingredients offered over-the- dandruff and external analgesic active provide for use by any age group lower
counter (OTC) for certain uses. ingredients in § 358.720(b). The label than the highest minimum age limit
* * * * * states ‘‘dandruff/anti-itch shampoo’’ or established for any individual
(d) * * * ‘‘antidandruff/anti-itch shampoo’’. ingredient.
(3) December 4, 1992, for products (2) [Reserved] (1) Combinations of control of
subject to paragraph (a)(7) of this section (b) Indications. The labeling of the dandruff and external analgesic active
that contain menthol as an antipruritic product states, under the heading ingredients in § 358.720(b). The labeling
in combination with the antidandruff ‘‘Uses,’’ one or more of the phrases states ‘‘[bullet] wet hair [bullet] apply
ingredient coal tar identified in listed in this paragraph (b), as shampoo and work into a lather [bullet]
§ 358.710(a)(1) of this chapter. This appropriate. Other truthful and rinse thoroughly [bullet] for best results,
section does not apply to products nonmisleading statements, describing use at least twice a week or as directed
allowed by § 358.720(b) of this chapter only the uses that have been established by a doctor’’.
after April 5, 2007. and listed in this paragraph (b), may (2) [Reserved]
also be used, as provided in § 330.1(c)(2)
PART 358—MISCELLANEOUS of this chapter, subject to the provisions Dated: February 26, 2007.
EXTERNAL DRUG PRODUCTS FOR of section 502 of the Federal Food, Drug, Jeffrey Shuren,
OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE and Cosmetic Act (the act) relating to Assistant Commissioner for Policy.
misbranding and the prohibition in [FR Doc. E7–3808 Filed 3–5–07; 8:45 am]
■ 3. The authority citation for 21 CFR section 301(d) of the act against the BILLING CODE 4160–01–S
part 358 continues to read as follows: introduction or delivery for introduction
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321, 351, 352, 353, into interstate commerce of unapproved
355, 360, 371. new drugs in violation of section 505(a) DEPARTMENT OF STATE
■ 4. Section 358.720 is revised to read of the act.
as follows: (1) Combinations of control of 22 CFR Part 99
dandruff and external analgesic active
§ 358.720 Permitted combinations of ingredients in § 358.720(b). The labeling [Public Notice 5705]
active ingredients. states ‘‘[bullet] [select one of the RIN 1400–AC–20
(a) Combination of active ingredients following: ‘for relief of’ or ‘controls’] the
for the control of dandruff. Salicylic symptoms of dandruff [bullet] [select Intercountry Adoption—Reporting on
acid identified in § 358.710(a)(4) may be one of the following: ‘additional’ or Non-Convention and Convention
combined with sulfur identified in ‘extra’] relief of itching due to Adoptions of Emigrating Children
§ 358.710(a)(7) provided each ingredient dandruff’’.
is present within the established (2) The following terms or phrases AGENCY: Department of State.
concentration and the product is labeled may be used in place of or in addition ACTION: Final rule.
according to § 358.750. to the words ‘‘for the relief of’’ or
(b) Combination of control of dandruff ‘‘controls’’ in the indications in SUMMARY: The Department of State (the
and external analgesic active paragraph (b)(1) of this section: ‘‘fights,’’ Department), with the joint review and
ingredients. Coal tar identified in ‘‘reduces,’’ ‘‘helps eliminate,’’ ‘‘helps approval of the Department of
§ 358.710(a)(1) may be used at a stop,’’ ‘‘controls recurrence of,’’ ‘‘fights Homeland Security (DHS), is issuing a
concentration of 1.8 percent coal tar recurrence of,’’ ‘‘helps prevent new rule to implement the requirement
solution, on a weight to volume basis, recurrence of,’’ ‘‘reduces recurrence of,’’ in the Intercountry Adoption Act of
in combination with menthol, 1.5 ‘‘helps eliminate recurrence of,’’ ‘‘helps 2000 (the IAA) to establish a Case
percent, in a shampoo formulation stop recurrence of.’’ Registry for, inter alia, emigrating
provided the product is labeled (3) The following terms may be used children. This final rule imposes
according to § 358.760. in place of the words ‘‘the symptoms of’’ reporting requirements on adoption
in the indication in paragraph (b)(1) of service providers, including
■ 5. New § 358.760 is added to read as
this section: ‘‘scalp’’ (select one or more governmental authorities who provide
of the following: ‘‘itching,’’ ‘‘irritation,’’ adoption services, in cases involving
§ 358.760 Labeling of permitted ‘‘redness,’’ ‘‘flaking,’’ ‘‘scaling’’) adoptions of children who will emigrate
combinations of active ingredients for the ‘‘associated with’’. from the United States. These reporting
control of dandruff. (c) Warnings. The labeling of the obligations apply to all intercountry
The statement of identity, indications, product states, under the heading adoptions, regardless of whether they
warnings, and directions for use, ‘‘Warnings,’’ the warning(s) listed in are covered under the 1993 Hague
respectively, applicable to each § 358.750(c)(1) and (c)(2). Convention on Protection of Children
ingredient in the product may be (d) Directions. The labeling of the and Co-operation in Respect of
combined to eliminate duplicative product states, under the heading Intercountry Adoption (the Convention).
words or phrases so that the resulting ‘‘Directions,’’ directions that conform to This final rule, although issued with the
information is clear and understandable. the directions established for each joint review and approval of DHS
(a) Statement of identity. For a ingredient in the directions sections of pursuant to section 303(d) of the IAA,
combination drug product that has an the applicable OTC drug monographs, only adds a new section to the
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Notice: Investigation: Sodium Metal From France
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Erie Doctrine Chart
Casper Memo: May 18, 1962
p519 - IRS - US Tax Guide for Aliens
student64151
apa-legal


text:
An Atlanta mansion made to entertain | Fox News
An Atlanta mansion made to entertain
By Gina FaridniyaPublished November 13, 2015
Print	There is a 9,500-square-foot ballroom below the tennis courts. It features a commercial kitchen, catering facilities, a bar and a large balcony. (ATLANTA FINE HOMES SOTHEBY'S INTERNATIONAL REALTY)
Floor-to-ceiling windows in the great room offer views of the grounds. The kitchen is seen in the background. (ATLANTA FINE HOMES SOTHEBY'S INTERNATIONAL REALTY)
The home has seven bedrooms. (ATLANTA FINE HOMES SOTHEBY'S INTERNATIONAL REALTY)
The infinity-edge swimming pool features high-top seating for 24. (ATLANTA FINE HOMES SOTHEBY'S INTERNATIONAL REALTY)
LOCATION: Atlanta PRICE: $25 million This French Provincial-style mansion sits on 17 acres on the Chattahoochee River in Atlanta’s affluent Buckhead neighborhood. Surrounded by evergreens, ferns and hydrangeas, the driveway leads to a circular motor court with a fountain. “Privacy is one of the things that’s most appealing,” said listing agent Josh Reeves of Atlanta Fine Homes Sotheby’s International Realty, who is co-listing the estate with agent Chase Mizell. The home, which is barely visible from the street, includes two separate entrances, a guardhouse and a command center. “The property is completely gated, secured and monitored by security,” Reeves said. The estate hit the market about three months ago, according to Reeves. He could not disclose the identity of the owner. There have been reports that it belongs to media mogul Tyler Perry. A representative for Perry did not respond to a request for comment. MORE FROM MANSIONGLOBAL.COM Inside Manhattan’s 33 East 74th Street Residences Is a Buyers’ Market Emerging in San Francisco? Miami Beach Today, Surfside Tomorrow Australia Abandoned? The front doors open to a marble foyer with two serpentine staircases. Floor-to-ceiling windows in the great room offer views of the grounds. In addition to seven bedrooms, there is a music room, a home theater and a library with a spiral staircase. It leads to the wine cellar, which has room for more than 2,000 bottles. Outside, covered terraces and patios surround the infinity-edge swimming pool. The estate also boasts a 9,500-square-foot ballroom, which is located below the tennis courts and is separate from the main house. It features a commercial kitchen, catering facilities, a bar and a large balcony. Agents: Josh Reeves and Chase Mizell of Atlanta Fine Homes Sotheby’s International Realty View the full listing

type: global

value: This website is an American multinational conservative cable news television channel based in New York City. It is owned by Fox News Media, which itself is owned by the Fox Corporation.


text:
$5.99 Retail: $7.99 Save 25% ($2.00) In Stock Stock No: WW736380 ZonderKidz / 2014 / Hardcover Quantity:
Always Daddy's Princess By: Karen Kingsbury
ZonderKidz / 2014 / Hardcover Write a Review
Buy 40 or more for $5.69 each.In StockCBD Stock No: WW736380
Format: HardcoverNumber of Pages: 24Vendor: ZonderKidzPublication Date: 2014ISBN: 0310736382ISBN-13: 9780310736387
I'm the author/artist and I want to review Always Daddy's Princess. Back×

value:
This website is a Christian catalog and internet retailer.
Christian Book Distributors was started in 1978 by Stephen Hendrickson, 19 years old and a sophomore at Central Bible College in Springfield, Missouri, out of his parents’ home in Lynn, Massachusetts.


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Pokemon Pillowcase - 3 options! Pokemon Go!
Book Earrings 6
Asian Earrings 2
Reversible Hot Air Balloon earrings! Clouds and Hearts
Carved Asian Cinnabar red and black swarovski dangly earrings!
Reversible Hot Air Balloon earrings! Stripes and Hearts!
Carved Asian Cinnabar red and black swarovski earrings!
Brown Leather journal notebook book earrings
Blank minature book journal earrings, multiple colors! Pick your favorite!
brendanwebb0083 on Apr 30, 2015
Very cute, I gave them to my girlfriend and she loves them. :)

value: This website is an American e-commerce company focused on handmade or vintage items and craft supplies.


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Kingston DDR3 1600 8GB LOW Voltage Notebook Memory Sony Lenovo Acer | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvancedG'day (Sign in to bid or buy)eBay DealsMy eBayExpand My eBayMy eBay SummaryBids/OffersWatch ListWish ListAll ListsPurchase HistorySelling/soldMy CollectionsFollowed searchesMy messagesSellExpand SellSell an ItemSeller CentreSelling FeesSell for CharityCommunityExpand CommunityeBay NewsDiscussion ForumBuying GuidesGroupsAnswer CentreFeedback ForumHelp & Contact Back to home page
Details about Kingston DDR3 1600 8GB Low Voltage Notebook Memory (SONY, Lenovo, Acer)
Kingston DDR3 1600 8GB Low Voltage Notebook Memory (SONY, Lenovo, Acer)
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New Boxed, Lifetime WarrantyKingston DDR3 1600 Low Voltage Notebook MemoryPC3-12800 8GB (8G * 1)204 Pin 1.35VShipping: Registered Post Normal Turn -Around 5-7 Working days.Returns:Within 14 days after receiving item ,(Faulty Or DOA).( Buyer pays return shipping/ Replacement Dispatched Free Of Charge) Questions and answers about this item
RAM Laptop 8GB 1600

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Letters To Doctor Narcissist: Prince of darkness - A true story by Bavina Sookdeo, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®
Letters To Doctor Narcissist: Prince of darkness - A true story
by Bavina SookdeoBavina Sookdeo
God does not protect us by keeping the truth from us; He protects us by SHOWING us the truth.
This is the message Bhanavi Singh wishes to send to Connor Bedi's wife and all women. Letters to Doctor Narcissist, Prince of Darkness is a true story that speaks about one Trinidadian doctor, Connor Bedi and his darkness.
Bhanavi Singh speaks about the beauty of true and genuine love, and the pain, hurt, anger and degradation that come with being betrayed by this one man. She speaks of the fact that once one's innocence is taken away it can never be regained. She tells her story of falling in love, begging with desperation, falling flat on her face and rising above the challenges and darkness that she faced. She speaks about allowing herself to be controlled by a man who possesses nothing but the darkness that comes with straying from one's source.
Bhanavi shares her story of how she had fallen prey to one such man. And she speaks about detrimental consequences of following the majority. She is a woman of great strength and courage, and her only wish is that all women would find that inner strength to be all they can be. She encourages women to stand up for what they believe in and adhere to their morals and values.
Letters to Doctor Narcissist, Prince of Darkness, even though it speaks about darkness, also speaks about faith in God and the power of prayer.
This book aims to document what you may have faced as a woman, and to tell you that there is ALWAYS a way out of darkness. There is ALWAYS a way out.
9789769505360
Bavina Sookdeo is a woman of many interests, which include (among other things) being an Editor, Writer, Columnist and an English tutor. She honed her writing skills from a very early age is one of the select few who has worked for all three leading newspapers in Trinidad and Tobago. She became a columnist by the age of 21 and an Editor by 26. Since 2013 she has been the Editor of Trinidad's Guardian Energy Magazine series, which highlights news, trends and updates on the goings on in the oil and gas industry. With an affinity for helping the youth, besides being the Editor of Guardian's GIE Network Magazine (2009-2013), she has been instrumental in getting secondary schools throughout Trinidad and Tobago on board with several motivational workshops. Added to this, her talents also touched on the arts, as she has delved into acting and has written several plays. Sookdeo continues to work with the youth and to pen positive pieces in an attempt to help women become all they can be.

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Coco Liner for Solstice Planter - Walmart.com
Quality coconut husk liner
Tangle-free hangers
Choose from available replacement types

Outfit your wall baskets and mangers with the Coco Liner for Solstice Planter. This quality coconut husk liner provides air circulation so your plants and can breathe and thrive. It's offered in your choice of available size and type.

value: This website is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets , discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas.


text:
Words that start with brelk | Words starting with brelk
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-start-with-brelk
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,284,105,713 visitors served
Words that start with brelk
Found 1 words that start with brelk. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words starting with brelk. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing brelk
6-letter words that start with brelkSee also
6-letter words that start with brelk

value: This website is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources.


text:
NO/Oklahoma City vs. Cleveland Cavaliers - Play By Play - February 27, 2007 - ESPN
Final Regular Season Series (Game 2 of 2)CloseSeries starts 12/11Game 1: Monday, December 11thCavaliers89FinalHornets95Recap »Boxscore »Game 2: Tuesday, February 27thHornets89FinalCavaliers97Recap »Boxscore »
Hornets 89 Cavaliers 97(33-24, 21-8 home)Coverage: COX7:00 PM ET, February 27, 2007Quicken Loans Arena, Cleveland, OH
NO 18 25 22 2489CLE 25 27 25 2097
Top PerformersNO: D. West 25 Pts, 10 Reb, 6 Ast, 2 Stl, 1 BlkCle: L. James 35 Pts, 5 Reb, 8 Ast, 2 Stl, 1 Blk
3rd Qtr Play-By-Play1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | All3rd Quarter SummaryTIMENO/OKLAHOMA CITYSCORECLEVELAND12:00Start of the 3rd Quarter
11:37 43-52LeBron James misses 21-foot jumper
11:33 43-52Drew Gooden offensive rebound
11:32 43-54Drew Gooden makes 5-foot two point shot
11:15Desmond Mason misses 9-foot two point shot43-54 11:12 43-54Drew Gooden defensive rebound
11:00 43-54Tyson Chandler blocks Zydrunas Ilgauskas's 4-foot two point shot
11:00 43-54Cleveland offensive rebound
10:55 43-54Larry Hughes misses 16-foot jumper
10:52Devin Brown defensive rebound43-54 10:45Devin Brown misses 13-foot jumper43-54 10:42NO/Oklahoma C offensive rebound43-54 10:30Tyson Chandler offensive goaltending43-54 10:04 43-54Drew Gooden misses 17-foot jumper
10:04 43-54Cleveland defensive rebound
9:59 43-54Zydrunas Ilgauskas personal foul (Chris Paul draws the foul)
9:41Chris Paul offensive foul (Daniel Gibson draws the foul)43-54 9:27 43-54LeBron James misses 16-foot jumper
9:27Chris Paul turnover47-57 9:26David West defensive rebound43-54 9:11David West makes 16-foot jumper (Chris Paul assists)45-54 8:53 45-54Zydrunas Ilgauskas misses hook shot
8:52Tyson Chandler defensive rebound45-54 8:44Chris Paul makes layup47-54 8:41Cleveland full timeout
8:23 47-54Larry Hughes bad pass
8:22Devin Brown bad pass (Daniel Gibson steals)47-54 8:22 47-56Daniel Gibson makes layup
8:22Devin Brown shooting foul (Daniel Gibson draws the foul)47-56 8:22 47-57Daniel Gibson makes free throw 1 of 1
8:02David West misses 21-foot jumper47-57 8:00 47-57Larry Hughes defensive rebound
7:48 47-57Daniel Gibson misses 15-foot jumper
7:47 47-57Zydrunas Ilgauskas offensive rebound
7:37 47-57Daniel Gibson bad pass
7:26Desmond Mason makes two point shot (David West assists)49-57 7:13 49-57LeBron James misses 16-foot two point shot
7:09Chris Paul defensive rebound49-57 7:09Chris Paul bad pass49-57 6:52 49-57Larry Hughes misses 19-foot jumper
6:50Tyson Chandler defensive rebound49-57 6:37Tyson Chandler misses 7-foot jumper49-57 6:33 49-57Zydrunas Ilgauskas defensive rebound
6:31 49-59Larry Hughes makes layup (LeBron James assists)
6:31Desmond Mason shooting foul (Larry Hughes draws the foul)49-59 6:31 49-59Larry Hughes misses free throw 1 of 1
6:30Tyson Chandler defensive rebound49-59 6:13Devin Brown misses 26-foot three point jumper49-59 6:11 49-59Drew Gooden defensive rebound
6:03 49-61LeBron James makes layup (Larry Hughes assists)
6:01NO/Oklahoma C full timeout
6:01Bobby Jackson enters the game for Devin Brown49-61 5:37Desmond Mason makes layup (David West assists)51-61 5:20 51-63Larry Hughes makes 4-foot two point shot
4:58Bobby Jackson misses three point jumper51-63 4:56 51-63Drew Gooden defensive rebound
4:48 51-63Larry Hughes misses 25-foot three point jumper
4:47Tyson Chandler defensive rebound51-63 4:30Tyson Chandler makes dunk (Chris Paul assists)53-63 4:11 53-65LeBron James makes 18-foot jumper
4:03 53-65Drew Gooden personal foul (David West draws the foul)
4:03 53-65Anderson Varejao enters the game for Zydrunas Ilgauskas
3:59Chris Paul misses layup53-65 3:57 53-65Anderson Varejao defensive rebound
3:53 53-67LeBron James makes layup (Anderson Varejao assists)
3:29David West makes 9-foot two point shot55-67 3:11 55-69Drew Gooden makes 16-foot jumper (Larry Hughes assists)
2:53Desmond Mason makes 11-foot running jumper (David West assists)57-69 2:43 57-72LeBron James makes 25-foot three point jumper (Anderson Varejao assists)
2:27Tyson Chandler makes dunk59-72 2:05 59-72Drew Gooden misses 16-foot jumper
2:03Tyson Chandler defensive rebound59-72 1:59Larry Hughes blocks Bobby Jackson's 17-foot jumper59-72 1:39 59-72Daniel Gibson defensive rebound
1:38 59-72Tyson Chandler blocks Daniel Gibson's layup
1:34Bobby Jackson defensive rebound59-72 1:34Desmond Mason makes two point shot (Bobby Jackson assists)61-72 1:34Linton Johnson enters the game for David West61-72 1:34Jannero Pargo enters the game for Chris Paul61-72 1:34Cleveland 20 Sec. timeout
1:31 61-72Sasha Pavlovic enters the game for Drew Gooden
1:31 61-72Donyell Marshall enters the game for Daniel Gibson
1:10 61-72Donyell Marshall misses 22-foot three point jumper
1:08Jannero Pargo defensive rebound61-72 0:50Desmond Mason makes layup63-72 0:50 63-72LeBron James traveling
0:50 63-72Eric Snow enters the game for Larry Hughes
0:34Linton Johnson misses 21-foot jumper63-72 0:32NO/Oklahoma C defensive rebound63-72 0:15 63-74LeBron James makes 16-foot jumper
0:15Tyson Chandler shooting foul (LeBron James draws the foul)63-74 0:15 63-75LeBron James makes free throw 1 of 1
0:05Jannero Pargo misses 5-foot running jumper63-75 0:05Tyson Chandler offensive rebound65-75 0:05Tyson Chandler makes tip shot65-75 0:00 65-77Anderson Varejao makes 22-foot jumper (Eric Snow assists)

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text:
Body dumped in a Florida canal belongs to missing teacher | Daily Mail Online
Kameela Russell, 41, was last seen alive when she pulled up to her aunt's home in Miami Gardens, Florida on May 15
Police pulled her decomposed body from a canal less than a mile from her aunt's home on Saturday afternoon
Russell's death is being treated as a homicide after the medical examiner found she died from a blunt force injury to her head
Authorities had received an anonymous tip about her body being in the canal
Published: 20:15 EDT, 29 May 2019 | Updated: 22:40 EDT, 29 May 2019
A badly decomposed body found dumped in a Florida canal belongs to a single mother and teacher who has been missing for two weeks.
Kameela Russell, 41, was last seen alive when she pulled up to her aunt's home in Miami Gardens on May 15 but failed to ever make her way inside.
Police pulled her decomposed body from a canal less than a mile from her aunt's home on Saturday.
Russell's death is being treated as a homicide after the medical examiner found she died from a blunt force injury to her head.
Kameela Russell, 41, was last seen alive when she pulled up to her aunt's home in Miami Gardens on May 15 but failed to ever make her way inside
Authorities had received an anonymous tip about her body being in the canal.
They have not released any further details about the investigation or a potential suspect.
Russell, who is a single mother of two girls, had arrived at her aunt's house in Miami Gardens on May 15 so she could pick up one of her daughters and take her to a gymnastics class.
Her aunt had spotted her black Audi pulling into the driveway of the home along NW 203rd Street and 15th Avenue but became concerned when she never came inside to collect her daughter.
Russell's family promptly reported her missing, saying it was unlike her to disappear.
She then failed to show up for work as a test administrator at Miami Norland Senior High School for the rest of the week.
Authorities shut down 203rd Street as they investigated her disappearance.
Police pulled her decomposed body from a canal less than a mile from her aunt's home on Saturday. Russell's death is being treated as a homicide after the medical examiner found she died from a blunt force injury to her head
Authorities had received an anonymous tip about her body being in the canal, which was less than a mile from where she was last seen alive in her aunt's driveway
There was a heavy police presence around the home of a former colleague near 15th Avenue, according to WSVN.
Her family continued to hold out hope when the body was found on Saturday.
Detectives were spotted arriving at the home of Russell's relatives on Tuesday after the medical examiner confirmed the identity of the body.
In a statement on Wednesday, the Miami-Dade County Public Schools district said they were 'deeply saddened about the painful and shocking news involving the passing' of Russell.
'We have Lizzy': Body of missing five-year-old girl is found... Chicago cops fatally shoot a man, 21, after they mistook him...
They said counselling resources would be made available for staff and students.
'School district staff and Miami-Dade Schools Police will continue to work with the Miami Gardens Police Department, which has been handling this case since the employee's disappearance from her home,' the statement read.
'The entire M-DCPS family is heartbroken. We ask that the community join us as we keep Kameela Russell's loved ones in our prayers.'
Friends described Russell as a beautiful, positive person who had a huge heart and an infectious smile.
Police are still investigating her homicide.
Russell was a single mother of two daughters and worked as a test administrator at Miami Norland Senior High School
Decomposed body found in Miami Gardens canal confirmed as missing school employee – WSVN 7News | Miami News, Weather, Sports | Fort Lauderdale
Body dumped in a Florida canal belongs to missing teacher

value: This website is the website of the Daily Mail, a newspaper in the United Kingdom, and of its sister paper The Mail on Sunday. MailOnline is a division of dmg media, which is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc.


text:
Patent US7731286 - Backrest assembly - Google Patents
A backrest assembly has a backrest board pivotally attached in front of a backrest frame and a buffering resilient device connected between the backrest board and the backrest frame. The buffering resilient device has two resilient brackets with through holes penetrated by a transversal adjusting rod...http://www.google.com/patents/US7731286?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7731286 - Backrest assembly
Publication number US7731286 B2
Application number US 12/202,383
Also published as US20100052399
Publication number 12202383, 202383, US 7731286 B2, US 7731286B2, US-B2-7731286, US7731286 B2, US7731286B2
Original Assignee Yao-Chuan Wu
Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (17), Classifications (5), Legal Events (1)
US 7731286 B2
A backrest assembly has a backrest board pivotally attached in front of a backrest frame and a buffering resilient device connected between the backrest board and the backrest frame. The buffering resilient device has two resilient brackets with through holes penetrated by a transversal adjusting rod and has a rotating tube sleeving the transversal adjusting rod to be operationally stopped by a stop bar protruded from the backrest frame. Therefore, the backrest board has a resilient and buffering efficiency relative to the backrest frame by setting the buffering resilient devices. By rotating the transversal adjusting rod to different positions, the brackets of the buffering resilient device is extended in length, and resilience of the backrest assembly is changed.
a backrest board having a top end and a bottom end;
a backrest frame having a top end and a lower end; and
a buffering resilient device, with the backrest board pivotally attached to the backrest frame at the top ends, with the bottom end of the backrest board and the lower end of the backrest frame connected by the buffering resilient device, wherein the buffering resilient device has:
two brackets made of resilient material and secured between the backrest frame and the backrest board;
a transversal adjusting rod rotatably penetrating the two brackets and having an obround-shaped shaft with first and second ends, and a driving nub formed at the first end of the obround-shaped shaft; and
a rotating tube with an obround-shaped passage snugly sleeving the transversal adjusting rod between the two brackets, with the rotating tube driven by the transversal adjusting rod, with the two brackets being deformed by the obround-shaped shaft with rotation of the transversal adjusting rod to change resiliency of the two brackets.
2. The backrest assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the two brackets has a through hole of an obround shape to snugly combine with the transversal adjusting rod.
3. The backrest assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the two brackets has two metal fixing boards embedded respectively at two sides inside each of the two brackets to respectively secure with the backrest board and the backrest frame by screws.
4. The backrest assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transversal adjusting rod detachably engages with a wedge head at the second end of the obround-shaped shaft.
5. The backrest assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the backrest frame has a stop bar formed on the lower end; and
wherein the rotating tube further has an outer periphery with a flange and a protrusion facing the backrest frame to limit the stop bar between the flange and the protrusion when the rotating tube rotates.
The present invention relates to a backrest assembly and, more particularly, to a backrest assembly having a backrest board, a backrest frame and a buffering resilient device connected between the backrest board and backrest frame to provide extension and resiliency changes.
With reference to a conventional backrest structure with resilient and buffering efficiency, the backrest structure is constructed by boards filled with foams or a backrest frame covered with a net so that the backrest has a resilient and buffering efficiency by attaching resilient materials. Thereby, the backrest is more comfortable when users lean thereon.
However, The buffering design of the conventional backrest assembly achieves the buffering efficiency by providing partial deformation when the backrest is pressed by the most protruded portion on the user's back. When The user's back is supported by the backrest buffering design, the user's sitting posture is incorrect. Moreover, the conventional backrest cannot provide any efficiency to correct the user's posture or any fit variation of different users. Thus, users easily get tired with their incorrect postures after sitting for a long duration.
A main objective of the present invention is to provide a backrest assembly that has an adjustable and buffering resilient efficiency.
To achieve the foregoing objective, the backrest assembly, having a backrest board pivotally attached in front of a backrest frame at top ends, comprises:
a bottom end of the backrest board and a lower end of the backrest frame connected by a buffering resilient device, wherein the buffering resilient device has:
a transversal adjusting rod rotatably penetrating the brackets and having an obround-shaped shaft with two ends and a driving nub formed at one end of the obround-shaped shaft; and
a rotating tube with an obround-shaped passage snugly sleeving the transversal adjusting rod between the two brackets so that the rotating tube is driven by the transversal adjusting rod.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a backrest assembly in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an assembled perspective view of the backrest assembly in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the backrest assembly showing a buffering resilient device clamped between a backrest board and a backrest frame;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional side view of the buffering resilient device;
FIG. 5 is an operational cross-sectional side view of the buffering resilient device, wherein the backrest assembly is extended; and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged operational cross-sectional side view of the buffering resilient device in accordance with FIG. 5.
A backrest assembly in accordance with the present invention has a backrest board pivotally attached in front of a backrest frame and a buffering resilient device connected between the backrest board and the backrest frame. The buffering resilient device has two resilient brackets with through holes penetrated by a transversal adjusting rod and has a rotating tube sleeving the transversal adjusting rod to be operationally stopped by a stop bar protruded from the backrest frame. Therefore, the backrest board has a resilient and buffering efficiency relative to the backrest frame by setting the buffering resilient devices. By rotating the transversal adjusting rod to different positions, the brackets of the buffering resilient device is extended in lengths, and resilience of the backrest assembly is changed.
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a preferred embodiment of the backrest assembly 10 comprises a backrest board 1 pivotally attached in front of a backrest frame 2 at top ends for positioning. As shown in FIG. 1, the backrest frame 2 is adapted to combine with a seat, not shown. A bottom end of the backrest board 1 and a lower end of the backrest frame 2 are connected by a buffering resilient device 3. The buffering resilient device 3 has two brackets 301 secured between the backrest frame 2 and the backrest board 1, a transversal adjusting rod 32, and a rotating tube 4. The two brackets 301 are clamped between the backrest board 1 and the backrest frame 2 in parallel. Each bracket 301 has a through hole 31 aligned with the through hole 31 on the opposite bracket 301. The rotating tube 4 is rotatably clamped between the two brackets 301 and penetrated by the transversal adjusting rod 32 so that the rotating tube 4 is driven by the transversal adjusting rod 32.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, each bracket 301 is made of resilient material and is secured to the backrest frame 2 and the backrest board 1 by multiple screws 302. The through hole 31 is obround-shaped to snugly combine with the transversal adjusting rod 32. To enhance the strength of the bracket 301, two metal fixing boards 33 are embedded respectively at two sides inside the bracket 301 to secure with the screws 302.
The transversal adjusting rod 32 penetrates the through holes 31 to rest on the brackets 301 and has a shaft 322 with an obround-shaped cross-section to engage with the rotating tube 4. A driving nub 324 is formed at one end of the transversal adjusting rod 32 to extend out of the bracket 301 to allow users to rotate the transversal adjusting rod 32 thereby. For assembly convenience, another end of the transversal adjusting rod 32 is detachably engaged with a wedge head 326.
The rotating tube 4 clamping between the brackets 301 has a passage 401 longitudinally defined through the rotating tube 4 and has an outer periphery with a flange 41 and a protrusion 42 facing the backrest frame 2. The passage 401 with an obround shape snugly engages with the shaft 322 on the transversal rod 32. With reference to FIG. 4 in particular, the flange 41 is formed on a top portion of the rotating tube 4 and extends longitudinally on the outer periphery to operationally abut a stop bar 21 on the backrest frame 2. The protrusion 42 is formed on a bottom portion of the rotating tube 4 and extends longitudinally on the outer periphery to limit the stop bar 21 on the backrest frame 2 when the rotating tube 4 rotates as shown in FIG. 6.
According to the structure in the foregoing description, the backrest board 1 and the backrest frame 2 are pivotally combined by the buffering resilient device 3 to compose the backrest assembly 10. With reference to FIG. 3 again, the buffering resilient device 3 is made of resilient material, such as rubber particularly, to have resilience for buffering efficiency. Therefore, the backrest board 1 enables the brackets 301 of the buffering resilient device 3 to deform and enables the backrest board 1 to move toward the backrest frame 2 when the backrest board 1 is pushed. In other words, when the backrest board 1 supports against a user's leaning force, the deformation of the brackets 301 provides the buffering efficiency and inclination variation according to the leaning force so that backrest board 1 automatically adjusts its inclination to fit with the user's back and to correct the user's sitting posture to keep the user at a most comfortable situation.
When the transversal adjusting rod 32 is rotated counterclockwise (as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6), the flange 41 on the rotating tube 4 separates from the stop bar 21 until the protrusion 42 abuts the stop bar 21. Meanwhile, the brackets 301 are extended, because the transversal adjusting rod 32 has its shaft 322 located at a transversal location so that its long diameter causes the brackets 301 to elongate. Because pressing by the transversal adjusting rod 32 diminishes the deforming variation of the brackets 301 (the rigidity of the brackets 301 are increased after extension), The buffering resilient device 3 provides different buffering forces after the bottom end of the backrest board 1 moves slightly forward driven by the extension of the brackets 301. Thereby, the backrest assembly provides different buffering efficiencies and accommodations corresponding to different postures and figures of different users.
US855656 * Mar 11, 1907 Jun 4, 1907 Phoenix Carriage Co Adjustable back for cushion-seats.
US3642319 * Feb 6, 1969 Feb 15, 1972 Berchicci Emilio Device for anatomically positioning the human body against a seat back
US8544957 * Oct 7, 2010 Oct 1, 2013 Peter Lin Chair
US20120025575 * Oct 7, 2010 Feb 2, 2012 Peter Lin Chair
U.S. Classification 297/284.4, 297/301.7

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