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Ali G talks to Naomi Wolf about Feminism : Feminismjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | Documentaries-Futurology-Jokes-todayilearned-pics-mildlyinteresting-LifeProTips-funny-worldnews-books-philosophy-nottheonion-space-gifs-history-InternetIsBeautiful-OldSchoolCool-creepy-videos-personalfinance-Art-aww-UpliftingNews-news-sports-askscience-GetMotivated-tifu-television-EarthPorn-Fitness-Showerthoughts-IAmA-Music-dataisbeautiful-science-gaming-nosleep-food-DIY-TwoXChromosomes-WritingPrompts-AskReddit-gadgets-explainlikeimfive-movies-listentothis-photoshopbattlesmore » Feminismcommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/Feminismuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 17 Jun 20129 points (72% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postFeminismsubscribeunsubscribe39,932 readers~40 users here now
a community for 5 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSdemmianTransnational FeminismsoronthurFeministAutoModeratorMidnightAriaTransfeminismReizuFeministTruth-FairyFeministNephilimArtemisLiberal FeminismResistPsychicDeathqu-FeministModFemmeFeminist...and 3 more »8910Ali G talks to Naomi Wolf about Feminism (youtube.com)submitted 2 years ago by pocahontas_daughter3 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...related1678Ali G talks to Naomi Wolf about Feminism (youtube.com)submitted 2 years ago by pocahontas_daughter3 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...2616263A Year of Freedom: What I've Learned As A Skeptic About Feminism (freethoughtblogs.com)submitted 2 years ago by GuitarGuru2001 to /r/GodlessWomen3 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...3001Sad Wolf runs into Insanity Wolf (qkme.me)submitted 2 years ago by Zacaroni to /r/AdviceAnimalscommentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...4012Movie Talk FM: Ep. 31 - They review Terminator 2, talk about Django Unchained, Aaron Sorkin & Donald Trump building a movie studio in South Florida. (movietalkfm.com)submitted 2 years ago by olyaryz to /r/podcastscommentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...5000Who I think about, when someone talks about Altair (imgur.com)submitted 2 years ago by Semmeli to /r/gamingcommentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...6000When Christ talks about being 'in the Holy Spirit' is he talking about tripping? : Psychonaut (reddit.com)submitted 2 years ago by DoNotQuestion to /r/Christianity1 commentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...7123Black Pudding aka Blood Sausage. Per 100g : Carbs 1g, Fats 35g, Protein 15g (typically) (en.wikipedia.org)submitted 2 years ago by doublejay1999 to /r/keto3 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...8345here's a radio lab podcast about struggling in our minds (talks about addiction, too) 1 hour. I highly recommend (radiolab.org)submitted 2 years ago by earfullofcorn to /r/stopdrinking7 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...9456Interview with Bryan Cranston about Total Recall; talks about BB as well (io9.com)submitted 2 years ago by feelbetternow to /r/breakingbad2 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...10141516Talk about bitter (i.imgur.com)submitted 2 years ago by pollyshouldntbe to /r/funnycommentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...11678Let's talk about potassium (i.imgur.com)submitted 2 years ago by GiveMeBackMySon to /r/funny3 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...12000How I feel when I talk about politics. (qkme.me)submitted 2 years ago by badass_over_here420 to /r/AdviceAnimalscommentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...13000Naomi Campbell on holiday in Ibiza (modelcandids.com)submitted 2 years ago by ChrisDK to /r/bikinisNSFWcommentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...14585960Every time someone talks about MW3 (imgur.com)submitted 2 years ago by silverpizza to /r/ragecomics2 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...15345Let's Talk About Dating... (suhaibwebb.com)submitted 2 years ago by dduct to /r/islam53 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...16000talk about selling you soul.. (i.imgur.com)submitted 2 years ago by shyam14111986 to /r/funnycommentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...17525354“We had been seeing a lot of stuff on Bonnaroo chat sites about placing the drugs in the peanut butter,” This is why you don't talk about it guys. (manchestertimes.com)submitted 2 years ago by Chicagoredneck to /r/bonnaroo17 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...18000What I think when people talk about 4chan. (quickmeme.com)submitted 2 years ago by levi_spinny to /r/AdviceAnimals2 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...19012Scottish Streaker Murray Greig Talks About Flashing Crowd (todaynewsgazette.com)submitted 2 years ago by RedditTeam to /r/mazaoddscommentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...20789This place feels abandoned. Let's talk about something! What are you all doing for the summer? (self.umanitoba)submitted 2 years ago by desEsseintes to /r/umanitoba31 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...21001My father the bank robber. Writer Deni Bechard talks about Cures for Hunger, his memoir about his relationship with his outlaw father. (cbc.ca)submitted 2 years ago by valjean_24601 to /r/WTFcommentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...2291011IIT Conclave: Narendra Modi talks about importance of technology in governance (youtu.be)submitted 2 years ago by indiaman to /r/india11 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...23012Second date - What to talk about? (self.dating_advice)submitted 2 years ago * by expendable_throwaway to /r/dating_advice3 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...24000Talk about instant death (imgur.com)submitted 2 years ago by Logster345 to /r/Minecraft3 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...25161718Talk about corner Baggy blues. (i.imgur.com)submitted 2 years ago by Dasbeardog to /r/trees3 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...view more: next ›aboutblogaboutteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpwikiFAQreddiquetterulescontact ustoolsmobilefirefox extensionchrome extensionbuttonswidget<3reddit goldstoreredditgiftsreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement {Genitive} and Privacy Policy {Genitive}. © 2014 reddit inc. 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username:try anotheravailable!account recovery email: (optional)we only send email at your requestpassword:verify password:remember mecreate accountis it really that easy? only one way to find out...loginalready have an account and just want to login?username:password:remember merecover passwordloginclose this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 18594 on app-68 at 2014-09-18 21:55:25.388545+00:00 running f5d5d07 country code: US.

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4 Weekends MongoDB Training in Dublin for Beginners | MongoDB, a NoSQL Database Training | January 18, 2020 - February 9, 2020 Tickets, Sat, Jan 18, 2020 at 3:30 PM | Eventbrite
4 Weekends MongoDB Training in Dublin for Beginners | MongoDB, a NoSQL Data...
4 Weekends MongoDB Training in Dublin for Beginners | MongoDB, a NoSQL Database Training | January 18, 2020 - February 9, 2020 at TruVs
MongoDB Dublin Customer Success Open House
MongoDB, Dublin 4
3 Weekends Only Scrum Master Training in Dublin | Scrum Master Certification training | Scrum Master Training | Agile and Scrum training | February 1 - February 15, 2020
4 Weekends Python Training in Dublin | Introduction to Python for beginners | What is Python? Why Python? Python Training | Python programming training | Learn python | Getting started with Python programming |January 25, 2020 - February 16, 2020
3 Weeks Only Scrum Master Training in Dublin | Scrum Master Certification training | Scrum Master Training | Agile and Scrum training | February 4 - February 20, 2020

type: global

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Regional Monetary Policy book by Carlos Javier Rodriguez Fuentes | 1 available editions | Alibris Books
With the final phase of the European Monetary Union underway, concern has been raised over the regional implications of the European Central Bank (ECB) Monetary Policy. Departing from the standard approach utilized by the ECB, this book provides a comprehensive theoretical framework to explore the ways through which money and monetary policy may affect regions. Carlos Rodriguez Fuentes, the rising star of Spanish economics, has produced a work of impressive clarity which analyzes the effects of regional monetary policy ... Read More
With the final phase of the European Monetary Union underway, concern has been raised over the regional implications of the European Central Bank (ECB) Monetary Policy. Departing from the standard approach utilized by the ECB, this book provides a comprehensive theoretical framework to explore the ways through which money and monetary policy may affect regions. Carlos Rodriguez Fuentes, the rising star of Spanish economics, has produced a work of impressive clarity which analyzes the effects of regional monetary policy - with particular reference to European Monetary Union. Here, he examines the role that the banking system and the liquidity preference of economic agents play in the transmission of central banks monetary policy decisions to regions within a country or countries within a currency union. Rodriguez Fuentes utilizes a unique framework built upon the basic principle of the Post-Keynsian monetary theory which enables the identification of a new way for money and monetary policy to have a regional impact; the behavioural effect. This book, with it s combination of literary and empirical approach will prove essential reading for all students of economics and politics, as well as readers who interested in the development of the European Union. " Read Less
All from $127.16
Used from $249.44
Rare Books from $665.23
ISBN-13: 9780415327633
$127.16 $170.00
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ISBN 0415327636
ISBN-13 9780415327633
Alibris ID 13031409683
Alibris ID 13031865145
Alibris ID 13853923686
New. Glued binding. Paper over boards. Contains: Line drawings, black & white, Tables, black & white. Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy, 54.
Alibris ID 14016040292
Alibris ID 13230714125
NEW. 9780415327633 This listing is a new book, a title currently in-print which we order directly and immediately from the publisher.
Alibris ID 14152668602
Alibris ID 14193314921
Good. Glued binding. Paper over boards. Contains: Line drawings, black & white, Tables, black & white. Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy, 54.
Alibris ID 14132848157
Alibris ID 14154012616

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text:
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced 3-year incidence of obesity. - PubMed - NCBI
1 selected item: 17056825
J Nutr. 2006 Nov;136(11):2934-8.
Mendez MA1, Popkin BM, Jakszyn P, Berenguer A, Tormo MJ, Sanchéz MJ, Quirós JR, Pera G, Navarro C, Martinez C, Larrañaga N, Dorronsoro M, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Ardanaz E, Amiano P, Agudo A, González CA.
IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. mmendez@ico.scs.es
Few studies have prospectively examined dietary patterns and adult weight change, and results to date are inconsistent. This study examines whether a Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern is associated with reduced 3-y incidence of obesity using data from the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). The sample included 17,238 women and 10,589 men not obese and aged 29-65 y at baseline (1992-96). Height and weight were measured at baseline; weight was self-reported in a follow-up survey a mean of 3.3 y later. Detailed dietary history data, collected using a validated method, were used to construct a MD score. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of becoming overweight or obese. Among initially overweight subjects, 7.9% of women and 6.9% of men became obese, whereas 13.8% of normal weight men and 23.0% women became overweight. High MD adherence was associated with significantly lower likelihood of becoming obese among overweight subjects, with stronger associations after adjusting for underreporting of dietary data. Associations (odds ratios with 95% CI) were similar in women (0.69, 0.54-0.89) and men (0.68, 0.53-0.89). Adjusting for the plausibility of reported dietary intakes increased the magnitude of these associations, which were approximately 0.8 without this adjustment. MD adherence was not associated with incidence of overweight in initially normal-weight subjects. Nonetheless, results suggest that promoting eating habits consistent with MD patterns may be a useful part of efforts to combat obesity.
17056825
10.1093/jn/136.11.2934

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Stephanie K. Swann | Semantic Scholar
Stephanie K. Swann
Neal D. Hoffman, Katherine B. Freeman, Stephanie K. Swann
The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Lesbian Identity During Adolescence
Stephanie K. Swann, Christina A. Spivey
Over the course of the last three decades more attention has been paid to the lives of lesbian adolescents within society. However this population continues to be underrepresented within the social… (More)
Ethical Issues in the Mental Health Treatment of Gender Dysphoric Adolescents.
Stephanie K. Swann, Sarah E. Herbert
SUMMARY This paper will focus on ethical dilemmas that arise in the treatment of adolescents with gender dysphoria. We will begin with a discussion of ethical and legal issues pertinent to the… (More)
David W Purcell, Stephanie K. Swann, Sarah E. Herbert
Abstract2595: Is There a “Disconnect” Between Physician and Patient- Reported Outcomes (PROs): An Analysis of RTOG 98–01
Linda P Sarna, Stephanie K. Swann, +7 authors Benjamin Movsas
Communication between health care providers and gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and questioning youth
Neal D. Hoffman, Stephanie K. Swann, Katherine L. Freeman
Stephanie K. Swann, Jeane W. Anastas
Abstract As knowledge about gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people continues to mature, social work research must address the complexity of key issues, including sexual identity. The present… (More)
Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice: Working with Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender People.Deana F. Morrow and Lori Messinger (Editors). New York: Columbia…

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Destiny: A Serendipity Novel: Amazon.co.uk: Carly Phillips: Books
Destiny: A Serendipity Novel [Mass Market Paperback] Carly Phillips (Author)
Publication Date: 12 April 2012 | Series: Serendipity (Book 2)
Nash Barron may be cynical about love, yet even he likes a good wedding. But the only good thing about his brothers wedding is Kelly Moss. Nash cant help but admire Kellys confidence and beauty, but he is forced to keep his distance or risk destroying his relationship with his newly discovered half sister, Tess. Kelly learned long ago not to rely on anyone but herself. Except the more she gets to know Nash, the more vulnerable she becomes to the kindness beneath his gruff exterior. But Kelly is also hiding a secret, which she knows Nash will never forgive...
Lucky in Love: Number 4 in series (Lucky Harbor) › Jill Shalvis
0425247902,0425243834,0425259714,0425246957,0312536224,145550372X,0373776918,0446582832,055216450X,1455503746,0373776942,145550369X,0446568481,0312536216,0425243680,1455508217,037377687X,0373776950,1402257333,006210618X,074995521X,0425255816,0451413555,0778313123,0446571636,0749955511,0446582840,0425226743,074995566X,1250017017,1250005957,1472205014,0425251152,037377656X,0425224201,0425236382,0373776837,1451606826,0425233383,044657161X,0749955414,0425242102,0425250806,0345520785,0749953888,0778313425,1451606834,0373771436,0446571628,0446617873,0373776853,042524699X,0552164488,0425245527,0345520416,0425246108,0062130870,042524783X,0312372310,0778313719,0061429899,0425243966,0446618357,0061765791,0373776128,1402245742,0312371950,0061765805,0373776292,0373776861,0312389108,0446509272,0451235436,0373777612,0758206623,0446572810,0345538412,0778313093,1451642407,0425228681,1439153833,0778313247,1402257279,082177512X,0425242404,0778313387,0373770014,0312983743,0373776705,0446614920,0425238814,0446614815
Publisher: BERKLEY - US (12 April 2012)
ISBN-10: 9780425245743
ASIN: 0425245748
Product Dimensions: 10.5 x 3 x 17.2 cm
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 351,466 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
1369164259
Serendipity by Carly Phillips Mass Market Paperback
Karma (Serendipity) by Carly Phillips Mass Market Paperback
Something about You (Berkley Sensation) by Julie James Mass Market Paperback
Cheri on Top by Susan Donovan Mass Market Paperback
OK BUT LOST ME IN THE MIDDLE
Format:Kindle Edition|Amazon Verified Purchase I AM A CARLY PHILIPS FAN AND LOVED THE 1ST BOOK IN THIS SERIES BUT I GOT A BIT BOARD HERE, WITH SETH'S CHARACTER, I GOT AND TOTALY UNDERSTOOD WHEN HE WAS ANGRY WHEN HE FOUND OUT PEOPLE WERE LYING TO HIM, WHAT I DIDNT GET WAS WHY HE NEVER GOT A SORRY FROM HIS BROTHER DARE, (HE DESEREVED ONE) HE ENDED UP SAYING SORRY TOTALY LOST ME THERE MRS PHILIPS!I WILL BUY THE NEXT ONE FOR DARES STORY JUST TO FINISH THE SERIES LOVED BOOK ONE NOT TOO SURE WITH BOOK TWO BUT WILL GIVE BOOK THREE A TRY
Destiny is a Joyfully Recommended Read
- Published on Amazon.com Format:Mass Market Paperback Both Nash Barron and Kelly Moss are cynical when it comes to love. Experience has taught each of them to guard their heart. Kelly's mother had a long ago affair with Nash's father, an affair that resulted in Kelly's now 13 year old sister Tess. With Tess running with the wrong crowd and getting into trouble, Kelly had no choice but to come to Nash and his brothers for help with her. A situation which puts Nash and Kelly in constant contact with each other and before long they act on the attraction between them. Neither wants to fall in love but that doesn't stop it from happening. With Nash's stubborn refusal to give into the emotion between them and the secret that Kelly is keeping, can they find a happily ever after together?Destiny Rocks!! I have to admit, I so loved the first book in this series, Serendipity, that I was almost afraid to read this story. Would it be as good? Would I be disappointed? I am happy to say that from the first book to the second story, Carly Phillips knocks it out of the park. She doesn't forget the beloved characters from the first story, making them wonderful secondary characters, while still giving Nash and Kelly plenty of attention and cleverly setting up the next book in the series, leaving me marking days on the calendar for more. Readers can't go wrong picking up this story and will quickly find themselves enthralled!MelissaFor Joyfully Reviewed
Good read, but nothing special
- Published on Amazon.com Format:Mass Market Paperback Destiny is nice read with good characters and a well-written story. Nash Barron is a lawyer who sees things in black and white which causes a great deal of strife among his family. While I can understand his initial antagonism toward his brother Ethan, I felt if he had put aside his self-righteous anger and listened to his older brother, things between them would have changed sooner than they did in the course of the book.Kelly is a paralegal who has moved to town to be closer to her half-sister, Tess, who is being co-parented by Ethan (Tess' half-brother). While she is there for Nash when he needs a shoulder to lean on or someone to talk to about his past or how he feels about his family relationships, Kelly doesn't give him the same level of trust. She holds back a secret about her past that is a truly innocent event that got blown out of proportion. She encourages him to grow as a person, to see things from another's perspective, but doesn't do the same things herself.Overall, there wasn't anything that stood out to me that made this a complex or dynamic story. While I liked the characters, they didn't resonate with me or stay with me after I'd read the last page. Reading it is a good way to pass the time if you don't have anything else to do.
engaging contemporary romance
- Published on Amazon.com Format:Mass Market Paperback In Serendipity, New York, Nash Barron attends the wedding of his older brother Ethan to Faith (see Serendipity). He knows he remains angry with his sibling for dumping him and their younger brother Dare into the foster care system ten years ago. Dare the cop forgave Ethan but Nash has not. He is also upset with Kelly Moss who brought her teenage half-sister Tess to Serendipity to live with the youngster's older half-brothers. Part of his ire with Kelly is his attraction to her, which she ignores and he must ignore for Tess' sake. Finally Nash cannot comprehend why his wife left him as he muses why loved ones leave him.Kelly wants Nash, frown and all, but refuses to act on her feelings as Tess's needs come first. Still she would not mind some fun with the perpetual frowner though she also fears her scandal will see the light of day leading to his loathing her.The second Serendipity contemporary romance is an engaging tale starring a fully developed lead pair and a strong support cast mostly the extended family. The straight-lined plot follows the expected course, but the hot-blooded relationship between the two degrees of separation is a fun tale as Nash and Kelly feel like Destiny's darlings (not).Harriet Klausner

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BBB Business Profile | Balanced Trading, LLC | Accreditation
Home > Accredited Business Directory > Vacation Rentals > Balanced Trading, LLC
Ms. Abby Austin
This company offers: vacation home management
BBB has determined that Balanced Trading, LLC meets Standards of BBB Accreditation, which include a commitment to make a good faith effort to resolve any consumer complaints. BBB Accredited Businesses pay a fee for accreditation review/monitoring and for support of BBB services to the public.

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On Excitement: Open Talk Forum: Digital Photography Review
Kendall Helmstetter Gelner • Forum Pro • Posts: 20,023
In reply to bosjohn21 • Jun 29, 2013
23 questions about particular Ebay auction
16 Great shots at mid day ???
18 nigelht

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Adding Icons to the System Tray - CodeProject 10,870,719 members (71,299 online)
Last Visit: 31-Dec-99 18:00 Last Update: 16-Sep-14 20:53Refresh1234567891011 Next »

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Patent US20070039400 - Platform balance - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe present disclosure is directed to a platform balance that is suitable for transmitting forces and moments in a plurality of directions. The platform balance is adapted to support a test specimen, such as a large vehicle, in a test environment such as a wind tunnel. The platform balance includes a...http://www.google.com/patents/US20070039400?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20070039400 - Platform balanceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20070039400 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/501,665Publication dateFeb 22, 2007Filing dateAug 8, 2006Priority dateDec 4, 2003Also published asUS7788984, US7918143, US20100326206, WO2008021007A2, WO2008021007A3Publication number11501665, 501665, US 2007/0039400 A1, US 2007/039400 A1, US 20070039400 A1, US 20070039400A1, US 2007039400 A1, US 2007039400A1, US-A1-20070039400, US-A1-2007039400, US2007/0039400A1, US2007/039400A1, US20070039400 A1, US20070039400A1, US2007039400 A1, US2007039400A1InventorsRichard Meyer, Douglas Olson, Ian KunschOriginal AssigneeMts Systems CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (5), Classifications (8), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPlatform balance
US 20070039400 A1Abstract
The present disclosure is directed to a platform balance that is suitable for transmitting forces and moments in a plurality of directions. The platform balance is adapted to support a test specimen, such as a large vehicle, in a test environment such as a wind tunnel. The platform balance includes a frame support and at least three spaced-apart transducers coupled to the frame support. Each of the transducers is sensitive about two orthogonal sensed axes. The transducers cooperate to provide signals indicative of forces and moments with respect to at least two orthogonal axes. Each transducer includes a transducer body having a support coupled to a sensor body along an axis of compliance. The sensor body is adapted to deflect about the two orthogonal sensed axes where the sensed axes are mutually orthogonal to the axis of compliance. Images(13) Claims(26)
1. A platform balance suitable for transmitting forces and moments in a plurality of directions, the platform balance comprising: a frame support; and at least three spaced-apart transducers coupled to the frame support, each transducer sensitive about two orthogonal sensed axes wherein the at least three spaced-apart transducers cooperate to provide signals indicative of forces and moments with respect to at least two orthogonal axes. 2. The platform balance of claim 1 wherein the frame support includes a first perimeter frame and a second perimeter frame, and wherein the at least three spaced-apart transducers include four spaced-apart transducers coupling the first perimeter frame to the second perimeter frame. 3. The platform balance of claim 2 and further comprising a first set of flexures coupled to the first perimeter frame and adapted to engage a ground support, and a second set of flexures coupled to the second perimeter frame and adapted to engage a test specimen. 4. The platform balance of claim 3 wherein the second set of flexures are coupled to a belt frame adapted to engage a wheeled test specimen. 5. The platform balance of claim 2 wherein each transducer comprises a sensor body coupled to the second perimeter frame and a support coupled to the first perimeter frame, the sensor body being coupled to the support wherein the support is compliant in an axis of compliance, wherein the axis of compliance is orthogonal to a sensed axes of each transducer. 6. The platform balance of claim 5 wherein the support comprises two clevis halves disposed on opposite sides of the sensor body along the axis of compliance. 7. The platform balance of claim 6 wherein the first perimeter frame is coupled to the two clevis halves. 8. The platform balance of claim 5 wherein the support includes a single clevis disposed on a side of the sensor body along the axis of compliance. 9. The platform balance of claim 2 wherein the first and second perimeter frames include box beams. 10. The platform balance of claim 2 wherein the first and second perimeter frames are nested. 11. The platform balance of claim 2 wherein the frame support includes a stiffening frame coupled to the transducers. 12. The platform balance of claim 11 wherein the stiffening frame is directly coupled to the first perimeter frame. 13. A transducer body, comprising: a support; and a sensor body coupled to the support along an axis of compliance, wherein the sensor body is adapted to deflect along two orthogonal sensed axes, and wherein the sensed axes are mutually orthogonal to the axis of compliance. 14. The transducer body of claim 13 wherein the support includes a pair of clevis halves disposed on opposite sides of the sensor body and along the axis of compliance. 15. The transducer body of claim 13 wherein the sensor body includes a generally rigid peripheral member disposed about a spaced-apart central hub, wherein at least three flexure members couple the peripheral member to the central hub, and wherein the flexure members are spaced-apart from each other at generally equal angle intervals about the central hub. 16. The transducer body of claim 15 wherein the sensor body includes four flexure members. 17. The transducer body of claim 15 wherein the central hub is coupled to the support. 18. The transducer body of claim 13 wherein the sensor body is adapted to receive a plurality of sensors. 19. The transducer body of claim 13 wherein the support includes a compliant member and the transducer body further comprises a second sensor body disposed on a side of the compliant member opposite the first-mentioned sensor body and along the axis of compliance. 20. The transducer body of claim 14 wherein the clevis halves are rigid and joined together. 21. The transducer body of claim 20 and further comprising a first flexure assembly coupled to the sensor body and a second flexure assembly coupled to the clevis halves, the first and second flexure assemblies each being compliant along the axis of compliance and rigid along axes mutually orthogonal to the axis of compliance. 22. The transducer body of claim 13 wherein the support includes a rigid member and the transducer body further comprises a second sensor body disposed on a side of the rigid member opposite the first-mentioned sensor body and along the axis of compliance, the first-mentioned sensor body and the second being joined together. 23. The transducer body of claim 13 and further comprising a pivot connection joining the sensor body to the support allowing pivoting motion of the sensor body relative to the support about an axis extending through the sensor body and the support. 24. A transducer body, comprising: at least two sensor bodies, each sensor body having a hub joined to a perimeter body surrounding the hub with flexure structures, wherein the hubs are joined together and wherein the flexure structures are configured to respond to loads transferred between the sensor bodies along two orthogonal sensed axes, and wherein the flexure structures of one of the sensor bodies has an operable range greater than the flexure structures of the second sensor bodies. 25. The transducer body of claim 24 and further comprising an overtravel mechanism to limit deflection of the flexure structures of one of the sensor bodies and transfer load to the other sensor body. 26. A platform balance suitable for use with a test specimen, the platform balance comprising: means for transmitting loads of the test specimen in a plurality of directions; and means for generating signals indicative of the loads along at least two orthogonal axes by sensing along at least three two orthogonal sensed axes. Description
REFERENCE TO CO-PENDING APPLICATION This patent application is a continuation-in-part and claims priority to co-pending United States patent application entitled �Platform Balance�, filed on Mar. 6, 2006 and assigned Ser. No. 11/369,211, which claims the benefit of United States provisional patent application entitled �Platform Balance,� filed Mar. 7, 2005 and assigned Ser. No. 60/659,162, and where application Ser. No. 11/369,211 also is a continuation-in-part and claims priority to co-pending United States patent application entitled �Platform Balance�, filed on Dec. 3, 2004 and assigned Ser. No. 11/003,943, and where application Ser. No. 11/003,943 claims the benefit of United States provisional patent application entitled �Platform Balance�, filed on Dec. 4, 2003, and assigned Ser. No. 60/526,954. Each of the foregoing applications is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND The discussion below is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The present disclosure relates to devices that transmit and measure linear forces along and moments about three orthogonal axes. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to devices that are particularly well suited to measure forces and moments upon a test specimen in a test environment, such as in a wind tunnel. The measurement of loads, both forces and moments, with accuracy and precision is important to many applications. A common use, where several moments and forces need to be measured, is in the testing of specimens in a wind tunnel. Test specimens can be placed on a platform balance located in a pit of the wind tunnel. The platform balance can be adapted to receive a vehicle or other large test specimen, rather than merely a scale model of the vehicle. Actual vehicles, rather than scale models of the vehicles, allows the designer to determine actual measurements of prototypes, rather than merely inferential measurements. If the test specimen is a vehicle with wheels, the platform balance can be equipped with a rolling belt to rotate the wheels, which can make a significant improvement in measurement accuracy. Six components of force and moment act on a test specimen on the platform balance in the wind tunnel. These six components are known as lift force, drag force, side force, pitching moment, yawing moment, and rolling moment. The moments and forces that act on the test specimen are usually resolved into three components of force and three components of moment with transducers that are sensitive to the components. Each of the transducers carries sensors, such as strain gages, that are connected in combinations that form Wheatstone bridge circuits. By appropriately connecting the sensors, resulting Wheatstone bridge circuit unbalances can be resolved into readings of the three components of force and three components of moment. Platform balances have a tendency to be susceptible to various physical properties of the test environment that can lead to inaccurate measurements without additional compensation. For example, temperature transients in the wind tunnel can result in thermal expansion of the platform balance that can adversely affect the transducers. In addition, large test specimens are prone to create large thrust loads on the transducers that can cause inaccurate measurements. Accordingly, there is a continuing need to develop a platform balance suitable for use with large test specimens. SUMMARY This Summary and Abstract are provided to introduce some concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary and Abstract are not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor are they intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, the description herein provided and the claimed subject matter should not be interpreted as being directed to addressing any of the short-comings discussed in the Background. The present disclosure is directed to a platform balance that is suitable for transmitting forces and moments in a plurality of directions. The platform balance is adapted to support a test specimen, such as a large vehicle, in a test environment such as a wind tunnel. The platform balance includes a frame support and at least three spaced-apart transducers coupled to the frame support. Each of the transducers is sensitive about two orthogonal sensed axes. The transducers cooperate to provide signals indicative of forces and moments with respect to at least two orthogonal axes. In one example, the frame support includes a first perimeter frame and a second perimeter frame. The platform balance of this example includes four spaced-apart transducers coupling the first perimeter frame to the second perimeter frame. Transducers sensitive about two orthogonal sensed axes do not suffer from the effects of thermal expansion of the frame support and reject the large thrust loads present in transducers sensitive about three orthogonal sensed axes. The present disclosure is also directed to a transducer body having a support coupled to a sensor body along an axis of compliance. The sensor body is adapted to deflect about the two orthogonal sensed axes where the sensed axes are mutually orthogonal to the axis of compliance. In one aspect, the support includes a pair of clevis halves disposed on opposite sides of the sensor body along the axis of compliance.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 is a plan view of a platform balance constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the platform balance of FIG. 1 having additional features and is suitable for receiving a test specimen. FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the platform balance of FIG. 2, and having an exemplary test specimen. FIG. 4 is a top view of a transducer constructed in accordance with the present disclosure and included in the platform balance of FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a front view of the transducer of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a side view of the transducer of FIG. 4. FIG. 7 is a detailed view of a portion of the transducer of FIG. 4. FIG. 8 is a side view of another transducer constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 9 is a front view of another transducer constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a side view of the transducer of FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is a side view of yet another transducer constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 12 is an exemplary torque sensing circuit. FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a flexure pivot bearing. FIG. 14 is a side view of another transducer constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 15 is a front elevational view of an inner member.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS This disclosure relates to devices and structures that transmit and measure linear forces along and moments about three orthogonal axes. The disclosure, including the figures, describes a platform balance and included transducers with reference to a several illustrative examples. For example, the disclosure proceeds with respect to frame supports attached to multi-part transducer assemblies described below. However, it should be noted that the present invention could be implemented in other devices or structures and transducers, as well. The present invention is described with respect to the frame supports and transducer assembly for illustrative purposes only. Other examples are contemplated and are mentioned below or are otherwise imaginable to someone skilled in the art. The scope of the invention is not limited to the few examples, i.e., the described embodiments of the invention. Rather, the scope of the invention is defined by reference to the appended claims. Changes can be made to the examples, including alternative designs not disclosed, and still be within the scope of the claims. An exemplary embodiment of a platform balance 10 of the present disclosure is illustrated in FIGS. 1-3. In the embodiment illustrated, the platform balance 10 can include a first frame support 12 and a second frame support 14. A plurality of transducer assemblies 16, herein four although any number three or more can be used, couple the first frame support 12 to the second frame support 14. The platform balance 10 can be used to measure forces and moments applied to a test specimen of nominally large weight or mass such as a vehicle, engine, plane, etc. The frame supports 12 and 14 are nominally unstressed reaction frames, wherein each of the transducers comprises a two-axis force transducer. Various levels of flexure isolation can be provided in the platform balance 10 to provide increased sensitivity, while nominally supporting large masses. Referring to FIGS. 4-6, one of the transducer assemblies is illustrated at 40, wherein each of the transducer assemblies 16 is preferably similarly constructed. The transducer assembly 40 includes a sensor body 42 and a clevis assembly 44. The clevis assembly 44 includes a first clevis half 46 and a second clevis half 48. The sensor body 42 is disposed between the clevis halves 46 and 48 and joined together with a suitable fastener. In the embodiment illustrated, the fastener comprises a bolt or threaded rod 50 extending through apertures 48A, 42A and 46A of the clevis half 48, sensor body 42 and clevis half 46, respectively. A nut 51 is provided on an end 53 of rod 50 and a super nut 52 is threaded upon an end 54 of the threaded rod 50. A plurality of set screws 56 extends through the apertures in the nut 52 to engage an end of the clevis half 46. Tightening of the set screws 56 allows high clamping pressures to be achieved efficiently and at reduced torque values on each of the set screws 56 rather than through the use of a nut 52 by itself. It should be noted that although center portions of the devises 46 and 48 will engage or contact the center portion of the sensor body 42 about the apertures 46A, 42A and 48A, gaps are otherwise provided between each of the clevis halves 46 and 48 and the sensor body 42 so as to allow the sensor body 42 to move relative to the clevis halves 46 and 48. The sensor body 42 is preferably integral, being formed of a single unitary block of material. The sensor body 42 includes a ridged central hub 60, herein including the aperture 42A, and a ridged perimeter body 62 that is concentric with, or disposed about, the central hub 60. A plurality of flexure structures 64 (herein flexure beams 64 although other forms could be used) join the central hub 60 to the perimeter body 62. In the embodiment illustrated, the plurality of flexure beams 64 comprises four straps 71, 72, 73 and 74. Each of the straps 71-74 extend radially from the central hub 60 to the perimeter body 62 along corresponding longitudinal axes 71A, 72A, 73A and 74A. Preferably, axis 71A is aligned on axis 73A, while axis 72A is aligned with axis 74A. In addition, axes 71A and 73A are perpendicular to axes 72A and 74A. Although illustrated wherein the plurality of flexure beams 64 equals four, it should be understood that any number of straps three or more can be used to join the central hub 60 to the perimeter body 62. Preferably, the flexure beams 64 are spaced at equal angular intervals about a central axis indicated at 85. Flexure members 81, 82, 83 and 84 join an end of each flexure beam 71-74, respectively, to the perimeter body 62. The flexure members 81-84 are compliant with displacements of each corresponding flexure beam 71-74 along the corresponding longitudinal axes 71A-74A. In the embodiment illustrated, the flexure members 81-84 are identical and include integrally formed flexure straps 86 and 88. The flexure straps 86 and 88 are located on opposite sides of each longitudinal axes 71A-74A and joined to corresponding flexure beam 71-74 and to the perimeter body 62. A sensing device measures displacement or deformation of portions of the sensor body 42. In the body illustrated, a plurality of strain sensors 90 are mounted on the flexure beams 64 to sense strain therein. Although the plurality of sensors 90 can be located on the plurality of flexure beams 64 to provide an indicated of shear stresses, in the embodiment illustrated, the strain sensors are mounted conventionally to provide an output signal indicative of bending stresses in the flexure beams 64. In the embodiment illustrated, eight strain sensors are provided on the sensor body 42 of each transducer 40 wherein two conventional Wheatstone bridges are formed. A first Wheatstone bridge or sensing circuit is conventionally formed from the strain sensors provided on flexure beam 71 and 73, while a second Wheatstone bridge or second sensing circuit is formed from the strain sensors provided on flexure beams 72 and 74. In another embodiment, separate Wheatstone bridges can be formed on each flexure beam 71-74, the outputs of which can be combined as is known in the art. The plurality of sensors 90 can comprise resistive strain gauges. However, other forms of sensing devices such as optically based sensors or capacitivity based sensors can also be used to measure deformation or displacement of the flexure beams 64, or other portions of the sensor body 42 such as each of straps 86 and 88 if desired. Output signals from the sensing devices are indicative of force components transmitted between the central hub 60 and the perimeter body 62 in two degrees of freedom. For purposes of explanation, a coordinate system 97 can be defined wherein an X-axis 97A is aligned with the longitudinal axes 71A and 73A; a Z-axis 97B is aligned with the vertical axes 72A and 74A and a Y-axis 97C is aligned with the axis 85. In the embodiment illustrated, each of the transducer assemblies 16 measures two forces. Specifically, a force along the X-axis is measured as bending stresses created in the flexure beams 72 and 74 since the flexure members 81 and 83 on the ends of the flexure beams 71 and 73 are compliant in this direction. Similarly, a force along the Z axis is measured as bending stresses in the flexure beams 71 and 73 since the flexure members 82 and 84 on the ends of the flexure beams 72 and 74 are compliant in this direction. The transducer 40 is also compliant along the axis 85, because of flexures provided on the clevis assembly 44. In the embodiment illustrated, the clevis assembly 44 is formed of substantially identical clevis halves 46 and 48. In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor 42 is the �inner member� of the transducer body. Other embodiments are contemplated. For example, a single clevis half by itself could also be used. Still further, a single clevis half as an inner member connected to two sensors, which is described later with respect to FIG. 8 could also be used. In the embodiment illustrated, each clevis half 46 and 48 includes a central hub 102 through which, in the embodiment illustrated, apertures 46A and 48A are provided, and a rigid outer body 104. A flexure mechanism couples the rigid central hub 102 with the outer body 104. In the embodiment illustrated, a plurality of flexure straps 106 are provided with a first pair of flexure straps 111 and 112 extending from the central hub 102 to a first portion 104A of the outer body 104 and a second pair of flexure straps 113 and 114 extending from the central hub 102 to a second portion 104B of body 104. However, it should be noted that other forms of flexure members or mechanism can be used between the rigid hub 102 and the outer body 104 to allow compliance along axis 85 if desired. Such forms can include other integral flexure mechanisms such as a diaphragm(s), or multi-component assemblies having flexible couplings such as slides or pivot connections. Referring FIGS. 1-3, the sensor body 42 of each of the transducer assemblies 40 is joined to the frame support 12, while each of the clevis halves 46 and 48 of each transducer assembly 40 is joined to a frame support 14. In the embodiment illustrated, mounting plates 120 are used to couple the sensor bodies 42 to the frame support 12, while mounting plates 122 are used to join the clevis halves 46 and 48 to the frame support 14. In this manner, the frame support 12 provides an inner perimeter frame, while the frame support 14 provides an outer perimeter frame. Use of the mounting plates 120 and 122 allows the frame supports 12 and 14 to be nested thereby reducing an overall height of the platform balance 10. Each of the frame supports 12 and 14 comprise continuous hollow box beams formed in a perimeter so as to provide corresponding stiff assemblies. The frame support 12 holds the sensor bodies 42 in position with respect to each other, while the frame support 14 holds the clevis assemblies 44 in position with respect to each other. Stiffening box frame members 124 can also be provided in the support frame 12 as illustrated. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, outputs from each of the two-axis sensing circuits from each of the transducer assemblies 16 can be combined so as to sense or provide outputs indicative of forces and moments upon the platform balance in six degrees of freedom. It should be noted that the flexure mechanisms of the clevis assembly 44 causes the transducers 16 to operate in a manner similar to how the flexure members 81-84 provide compliance in the sensor body 42. A coordinate system for platform 10 is illustrated at 131 in FIGS. 1 and 2. Output signals from transducer assemblies 40A and 40C are used to measure forces along the X-axis, because transducer assemblies 40B and 40D are compliant in this direction. Likewise, output signals from transducer assemblies 40B and 40D are used to measure forces along the Y-axis, because transducer assemblies 40A and 40C are compliant in this direction. Outputs from all of the transducers 40A-40D are used to measure forces along the Z-axis. Overturning moments about the X-axis are measured from the output signals from transducers 40A and 40C; while overturning moments about the Y-axis are measured from the output signals from transducers 40B and 40D; and while overturning moments about the Z-axis are measured from the output signals from transducers 40A-40D. Processor 180 receives the output signals from the sensing circuits of the transducers 40 to calculate forces and/or moments as desired, typically with respect to the orthogonal coordinate system 131. As described above, the platform can comprise four two-axis transducer assemblies. This particular design can have advantages over an embodiment having four three-axis (or more) transducer assemblies. In addition to the rejection of thermal expansion of the frames 12 and 14 relative to each other during lab or tunnel temperature transients, the platform 10 does not have to reject a relatively large thrust load on each of the four transducer assemblies (the clevis flexures are all very soft in thrust (along axis 86) thus shedding load to the two orthogonal two-axis transducer assemblies when an x or y side load is applied). This allows the platform 10 to be more optimally tuned for the four sensing flexure straps in each two-axis sensor body 42 than if the assembly was trying to react and measure thrust at the four transducer assembly positions about the platform as in three or more than three axis transducer assemblies. The design allows cross axis dimensions and I/c of orthogonal flexure beams to be changed independently to optimize sensitivity. For example, two can be thicker than the other two and can be thickness variable as well. If the transducer assemblies were three axis transducers and this occurred, two of the beams in line with each other would be stiffer and give different outputs from the orthogonal pair and thus make the sensor behave strangely with off axis or combined loadings. Lack of need to measure and react to thrust also allows higher stress and strain designs since there is no second bending stress tensor which would add bending in an additional axis at beam root connections to inner central hubs. Again higher sensitivity, higher resolution and higher signal to noise ratio with greater span on scalability both absolute and measured components relative to each other are provided. In a further embodiment, over travel stop mechanisms are provided in each of the transducer assemblies 16 so as to prevent damage to the sensor bodies 42 or flexure mechanisms of the clevis assemblies 44. Referring back to FIGS. 4-6, one or more pins 140 are provided so as to limit displacement of the sensor body 42 relative to the clevis assembly 44. In the embodiment illustrated, apertures 46B, 48B, 42B are provided in the clevis halves 46 and 48 and the sensor body 42, respectively. The pin 140 is secured, for example, to the sensor body 42 such as by a press fit so that extending portions of the pin 140 extend into the apertures 46B and 48B of the clevis halves 46 and 48 and are nominally spaced apart from inner walls thereof. If displacement of the displaceable portions of the sensor bodies 42 exceeds that desired relative to the bodies of the clevis halves 46 and 48, extending portions of the pin 140 will contact the inner wall of the apertures 46B and/or 48B provided in the clevis half 46 and/or 48 thereby coupling the perimeter body 62 of the sensor body 42 with the outer bodies 104 of the clevis halves 46 and 48 to prevent damage to the flexure straps or mechanism. Note that the perimeter body 62 can be appropriately spaced from the clevis half (halves) 46 and/or 48 to provide overtravel protection. In particular, the perimeter body 62 can engage the clevis halves 46 and/or 48, if displacement along axis 85 exceeds a selected distance. Although the sensor body 42 and clevis halves 46 and 48 can be formed from any suitable material, in one embodiment, the sensor body 42 is formed from steel, while the clevis halves are formed from aluminum. Each of the pins 140 can be formed from hardened steel and if necessary, hardened bushings can be provided in the apertures 46B, 48B of the clevis halves 46 and 48 to engage the remote portions of the pin 140. It should be noted that the extending portions of the pin 140 can be provided with a curved or spherical surface 151, as illustrated in FIG. 7, relative to a shank portion 153 so as ensure distributed contact of the pin 140 with the inner wall of the apertures 46B, 48B formed in the clevis halves 46 and 48. It should also be noted that depending on the intended application the sensor body 42 and clevis half or halves can be formed a single unitary body. FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the transducer, i.e., transducer 40′ and corresponding body. Like parts are indicated with like reference numerals. In this embodiment, one of the clevis halves 46 of FIG. 4-6 becomes the inner member. Two sensor members 42 from FIGS. 4-6 become the clevis halves. In this example and unlike the previous examples, the inner member is not instrumented. Rather, the sensor member structures of the previous embodiment are instrumented with sensors, but in this embodiment function as clevis halves. Suitable sensors such as strain gauges 90 are still connected to the members 42. The illustrated example includes twice as many sensors 90 as in the embodiment of FIGS. 4-6. In order to provide usable outputs, the sensor signals can be combined in each transducer such as by combining or summing the signals in Wheatstone bridges as is known in the art. The configuration of FIG. 8 is stiffer in the y-direction (as indicated in the coordinate system) than the embodiment of FIGS. 4-6. The embodiment of FIGS. 4-6, however, is stiffer in a moment about the x-axis than the embodiment of FIG. 8. FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate yet another embodiment of a transducer, i.e., transducer 40″ and corresponding body. Like parts are indicated with like reference numerals. Transducer 40″ is similar to transducer 40 described above in that sensor body 42 is disposed between clevis halves 46C and 48C; however in this embodiment clevis halves 46C and 48C are solid, rigid supports without flexure members therein. As with the embodiments described above, transducer 40″ is a two-axis sensing assembly for sensing forces along the X-axis 97A and Z-axis 97B when suitable sensors devices are provided for sensor body 42, while being insensitive or compliant for forces along the Y-axis 97C. In particular, flexure assemblies 147A and 147B, herein embodied as relatively thin flexible plates, allow the sensor body 42 and clevis halves 46C, 48C to move freely along the Y-axis 97C, being compliant in that direction, but substantially stiff to transfer force loads along the X-axis 97A and Z-axis 97B directions. As illustrated, each flexure assembly 147A, 147B can comprise two flexible plates 153, although one or any number of plates could be used. Flexure assembly 147A is joined to sensor body 42 by mounting block 155 and to, for example, frame 12 by mounting block 147. Similarly, flexure assembly 147B is joined to clevis halves 46C, 48C with clevis tie block 159 and to, for example, frame 14 by mounting block 161. If desired, the flexure assemblies 147A and 147B can be used with all the embodiments described herein. In a further embodiment, the flexure assemblies 147A and 147B can further include cross flexures 169 (mounted to blocks 147,155,159 and 161 orthogonal to plates 153), which allow the flexible plates 153 to be thinner and thus more flexible. A fastener such as the fastener comprising threaded rod 50 and other components described above joins the clevis halves 46C, 48C to the sensor body 42. It should be noted that although center portions of the clevis halves 46C and 48C will engage or contact the center portion of the sensor body 42, gaps are otherwise provided between each of the clevis halves 46C and 48C and the sensor body 42 so as to allow the sensor body 42 to move relative to the clevis halves 46C and 48C. In one embodiment as illustrated, the clevis halves 46C, 48C and tie block 159 are separate components that are fastened together in order that the clevis halves 46C, 48C do not develop a spring force when joined to sensor body 42. In particular, sensor body 42 is first joined to the clevis halves 46C, 48C with the fastener, and then the clevis halves are joined together with tie block 159. If desired any of the embodiments herein described can include a torque sensor to measure torque about an axis extending through the coupling joining the sensor body to the clevis or clevises. The sensed torque value can be used for compensation if needed for reducing sensor crosstalk or compensating for beam stiffness or rotational stiffness of the transducers. Referring by way of example to the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10, the torque sensor can comprise sensors adapted to measure strain in flexures of the sensor body 42. For instance, sensors can comprise strain gauges 170 connected in a Wheatstone bridge as illustrated in FIG. 12. However, it should be understood any form of known electrical, mechanical and/or optically based sensors can be used. FIG. 11 shows an alternative embodiment of the transducer, i.e., transducer 40′″ and corresponding body. Like parts are indicated with like reference numerals. In this embodiment, two sensor members 42 from FIGS. 9-10 become the clevis halves. In this example and unlike the previous examples, the inner member 163 is not instrumented and also rigid. Like the embodiment of FIG. 8, the sensor member structures 42 are instrumented with sensors and function as clevis halves, while flexure assemblies 147A and 147B provide lateral compliance as described in the previous embodiment, but do not include the cross flexures 169, which can be included if desired. Suitable sensors such as strain gauges 90 are still connected to the members 42. FIG. 14 shows yet another embodiment of the transducer, i.e., transducer 40″″ and corresponding body. Like parts are indicated with like reference numerals. In this embodiment, the transducer 40″″ includes a sensor assembly 42′ where both the inner member 181 and one or both of the outer members 182 (clevis or devises in the previous embodiments) include sensors (electrical, mechanical or optical) for deflecting elements for sensing strain therein or displacement thereof. More particularly, the load path through the flexure structures 64 of the inner member 181 are connected in series with the corresponding flexure structures 64 of the outer member(s) 183 for loads along both the X-axis 97A and the Z-axis 97B. However, in order to extend the range of the transducer 40″″, the flexure structures of one of inner member 181 or outer member(s) 183 are designed to be responsive to a first range of loads, while the other has flexure structures designed to be responsive to a second range of loads, at least a portion of which is greater than that of the first range of loads. Each of the inner member 181 and outer member(s) 183 has a hub 60 joined to outer perimeter body 64 with flexure structures 64. Loads are transferred between the inner member 181 and the outer members(s) 183 through the hubs 60, which are connected together. Stated another way, the transducer body 42′ (less the sensing devices) of the transducer 40″″ includes at least two sensor bodies 181,183, where each sensor body 181,183 has a hub 60 joined to a perimeter body 62 surrounding the hub 60 with flexure structures 64. The hubs 60 are joined together and the flexure structures 64 are configured to respond to loads transferred between the sensor bodies 181,183 along two orthogonal sensed axes, where the flexure structures 64 of one of the sensor bodies 181,183 has an operable range greater than the flexure structures 64 of the second sensor body 181,183. In a further embodiment, as described below, the transducer body includes an overtravel mechanism to limit deflection of the flexure structures 64 of one of the sensor bodies 181,183 and transfer load to the other sensor body 181,183. In the embodiment illustrated, by way of example only, the flexure structures 64 of the inner member 181 are constructed to respond in a known manner to the first range of loads, while the flexure structures of the outer member(s) 183 are stiffer and constructed to respond in a known manner to the second range of loads. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15, the inner member 181 includes strain sensors 185 connected in two conventional Wheatstone bridges, where sensors 185A are mounted and connected so as to sense loads along axis 97B, while sensors 185B are mounted and connected so as to sense loads along axis 97A. Similarly, in the embodiment illustrated, one or both of the outer members 183 can include strain sensors 187 mounted to the flexure structures 64 thereof like strain sensors 185 are mounted to flexure structures 64 of inner member 181. In FIG. 14, sensors 187B are similar to sensors 185B, while other sensors (not shown) are similar to sensors 185A. Sensors 187 of the outer member(s) 183 provide signal(s) indicative of the second range of loads. Processor 180 can receive all the signals from the sensing devices for the inner member 181 and the outer member(s) 183 and can include circuitry and/or logic to know which signal(s) to use for any load measured by the transducer 40″″. In view that the inner member 181 has flexure structures more responsive (higher sensitivity) to loads of the first range, overtravel protection is provided so as to limit displacement of the flexure structures 64 of the inner member 181. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, overtravel protection can take many forms, but typically involves contact of engaging surfaces so as to limit displacement of the flexure structures. Referring to FIG. 14, one form of overtravel can be provided with pin 140. Referring to FIG. 15 and as described above in the previous embodiments, flexure straps 86 and 88 are connected to each of the flexure structures 64 so as to provide compliance. In the embodiment illustrated, overtravel protection is provided by stops 191 that contact opposed surfaces 193 when loads exceeding the first range of loads are being applied. In one embodiment, one of the engaging surfaces of the stops 191 or its corresponding surface 193 is curved (e.g. part spherical, cylindrical, etc.) so as to allow pivoting motion during contact, if needed. It should also be noted the sensitivity of the flexure structures 64 responsive to loads along the X-axis 97A and Z-axis 97C of the inner member 181 and/or outer member(s) 183 may be the same or may be different. Compliance along the Y-axis 97B can be provided by flexures 153 as described above with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 11. In each of the embodiments described above the sensor body 42 is securely coupled to the corresponding supporting clevis or devises at the center portions thereof. However, in a further embodiment, a pivot connection can be provided between the sensor body 42 and clevis or devises. The pivot connection eliminates rotational stiffness of the transducer. In one embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 13, a flexure pivot bearing 171, can be used in place of fastener 50 to allow the sensor body 42 to rotate about an axis extending through the sensor body 42 and the supporting clevis or clevises, yet the sensor body 42 senses forces in two orthogonal directions as described above. Flexure pivot bearings are well known and for instance sold by Riverhawk Company of New Hartford, N.Y., USA. Flexure pivot bearing 171 is suitable for use with a sensor body joined to portion 173A, while a single support clevis is joined to portion 173B. In embodiments where two support devises (sensor bodies) are present, a doubled ended flexure pivot bearing is used where two portions 173B are provided on each side of portion 173A and secured to the clevises (sensor bodies). As appreciated by those skills in the art, other forms of pivot connections can be used such as but not limited to air bearings, needle bearings and hydrostatic bearings. The platform balance 10 is particularly well suited for measuring force and/or moments upon a large specimen such as a vehicle in an environment such as a wind tunnel. In this or similar applications, the platform balance 10 can include flexures 170 isolating the frame support 12 and 14 from the test specimen and a ground support mechanism. In the embodiment illustrated, four flexures 170 are provided between each of the transducer assemblies 40, being coupled to the plates 120. Similarly, four flexures 172 are coupled to the mounting plates 122. The flexure 170, 172 thereby isolate the frame supports 12 and 14. The flexures 170, 172 are generally aligned with the sensor bodies 42 of each corresponding transducer assembly 40. A counter balance system or assembly is generally provided to support the nominal static mass of the test specimen, other components of the operating environment such as roadways, simulators and components of the platform balance itself. The counter balance system can take any one of numerous forms such as airbags, hydraulic or pneumatic devices, or cables with pulleys and counter weights. An important characteristic of the counter balance system is that it is very compliant so as not to interfere with the sensitivity or measurement of the forces by the transducers assemblies 40 in order to measure all of the forces and moments upon the test specimen. In the embodiment illustrated, the counter balance system is schematically illustrated by actuators 190. The platform balance 10 is particularly well suited for use in measuring forces upon a vehicle or other large test specimen in a wind tunnel. In such an application, rolling roadway belts 182 are supported by an intermediate frame 184 coupled to the flexure members 170. The rolling roadway belts 182 support the vehicle tires. In some embodiments, a single roadway belt is used for all tires of the vehicle. The platform balance 10 and rolling roadway belt assemblies 182 are positioned in a pit and mounted to a turntable mechanism 186 so as to allow the test specimen, for example a vehicle, to be selectively turned with respect to the wind of the wind tunnel. Aspects of the present invention have now been described with reference to several embodiments. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not limited to the specific features or acts described above as has been held by the courts. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8061045Jun 16, 2009Nov 22, 2011Maha Maschinenbau Haldenwang Gmbh & Co. KgSliding deviceUS20140053655 *Aug 23, 2012Feb 27, 2014Bose CorporationEndosseous dental implant loading fixtureDE112009000493T5Mar 3, 2009Jul 28, 2011MTS Systems Corp., Minn.HaltesystemEP2141449A2 *Jun 18, 2009Jan 6, 2010MAHA Maschinenbau Haldenwang GmbH & Co. KGVehicle wheel supportWO2007112074A2 *Mar 23, 2007Oct 4, 2007Mts System CorpCounterbalance for a platform balance* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification73/862.41International ClassificationG01L5/10Cooperative ClassificationG01M9/062, G01L5/161, G01M17/007European ClassificationG01L5/16B, G01M17/007, G01M9/06BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 26, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Oct 19, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: MTS SYSTEMS CORPORATION, MINNESOTAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MEYER, RICHARD A.;OLSON, DOUGLAS J.;KUNSCH, IAN T.;REEL/FRAME:018411/0114Effective date: 20060921RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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