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Patent US5196602 - Ruthenium-containing catalyst - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsMaleic anhydride is hydrogenated to produce 1,4-butanediol in a two-stage process. In the first stage maleic anhydride and/or maleic acid contacted with hydrogen at a temperature of about 100� C. to about 350� C. in the presence of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst to produce succinic anhydride and/or...http://www.google.com/patents/US5196602?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5196602 - Ruthenium-containing catalystAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5196602 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/814,644Publication dateMar 23, 1993Filing dateDec 30, 1991Priority dateDec 30, 1991Fee statusLapsedPublication number07814644, 814644, US 5196602 A, US 5196602A, US-A-5196602, US5196602 A, US5196602AInventorsJohn R. Budge, Thomas G. Attig, Anne M. GrahamOriginal AssigneeThe Standard Oil CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (3), Referenced by (21), Classifications (6), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetRuthenium-containing catalystUS 5196602 AAbstract Maleic anhydride is hydrogenated to produce 1,4-butanediol in a two-stage process. In the first stage maleic anhydride and/or maleic acid contacted with hydrogen at a temperature of about 100� C. to about 350� C. in the presence of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst to produce succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone. In the second stage, the succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone and hydrogen are contacted at a temperature of about 180� C. to about 350� C. in the presence of a ruthenium-containing hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,4-butanediol.
What is claimed is: 1. A process for the production of 1,4-butanediol comprising contacting at least one of maleic anhydride or maleic acid with hydrogen in a two stage process wherein in the first stage at least one of maleic anhydride or maleic acid is hydrogenated to at least one of succinic anhydride or gammabutyrolactone in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst selected from the group consisting of copper chromite, copper chromite promoted with at least one additional metal or metal oxide, Pd/Al2 O3, Pd on a carbon support, or a mixed oxide catalyst comprising copper, zinc and aluminum, and wherein in the second stage at least one of the succinic anhydride or gamma-butyrolactone is hydrogenated to 1,4-butanediol in the presence of a ruthenium-containing hydrogenation catalyst of the formula Ru0.001-2 M0.01-2 M'0.01-2 M"0.01-1 Ox where M is at least one of nickel and palladium, M' is at least one of iron, cobalt, rhodium, osmium, iridium and platinum, M" is at least one of zinc and cadmium, and x is a number sufficient to satisfy the valency requirements of the other elements present, and wherein the total contact time is about 0.1 minutes to 10.0 minutes. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the temperature in the first stage is between about 100� C. and about 350� C.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the temperature in the first stage is between about 150� C. and about 300� C.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the temperature in the second stage is between about 150� C. and about 350� C.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the temperature in the second stage is between about 200� C. and about 300� C.
12. The process of claim 1, wherein the ruthenium-containing catalyst is of the formula: Ru0.01-2 M0.1-2 M'0.1-2 Zn0.3-0.5 Ox where M is at least one of nickel or palladium; M' is at least one of iron cobalt and rhodium, and X is a number sufficient to satisfy the valency requirements of the other elements present 13. The process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is of the formula: RuCo0.1-2 Ni0.1-2 Zn0.3-0.5 Ox where X is a number sufficient to satisfy the valency requirements of the other elements present. Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of 1,4-butanediol. More specifically, the invention relates to the catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride in the presence of ruthenium-containing hydrogenation catalysts to produce high yields of 1,4-butanediol.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART Processes for manufacturing 1,4-butanediol from oxygenated C4 hydrocarbons are well known. A recent example is U.S. Pat. No. 4,155,919 which teaches a single-stage process for converting maleic anhydride into 1,4-butanediol and/or tetrahydrofuran by contacting the maleic anhydride with hydrogen at specified conditions in the presence of a catalyst containing nickel, molybdenum and/or tungsten, and optionally zirconium and/or niobium. Reaction conditions include a temperature from 170�-215� C. and a pressure of from 125-200 bars. Other known processes are cited in that teaching over columns 1-4. Still other processes are known and include U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,113,138, 3,957,827 and 3,370,067. While all of these processes are useful for their intended purpose, all are subject to improvement. Two disadvantages common to many of these processes are the need to use high pressures; e.g., in excess of 1500 psi, and generally unsatisfactory product yield; i.e., they are not very product specific to the production of 1,4-butanediol.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the process of this invention, 1,4-butanediol is manufactured from maleic anhydride by contacting maleic anhydride with hydrogen in a two-stage process wherein in the first stage, at least one of maleic anhydride or maleic acid is hydrogenated to succinic anhydride or succinic acid, gamma- butyrolactone or mixtures thereof at a temperature of 100� C. to about 350� C. in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and wherein in the second stage the succinic anhydride or succinic acid, gamma-butyrolactone or mixtures thereof is hydrogenated to 1,4-butanediol at a temperature of about 180� C. to about 350� C. in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst of the formula
Ru0.001-2 M0.01-2 M'0.01-2 M"0.01-1 Ox where
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention is an improved process for the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or maleic acid to 1,4-butanediol. The improvement involves carrying out an initial hydrogenation to convert the maleic anhydride to the more stable succinic anhydride, gamma-butyrolactone or mixtures thereof. The succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone are then reacted in the presence of a ruthenium-containing hydrogenation catalyst to yield the 1,4-butanediol.
Reactants Maleic anhydride, ##STR1## is derived from a number of sources. Most maleic anhydride is produced by passing a mixture of benzene or butane over a vanadium oxide catalyst at about 450� C. Maleic anhydride is also produced as a by-product from the manufacture of phthalic anhydride from naphthalene or by the catalytic oxidation of butylenes. Maleic acid, HOOCHC═CHCOOH, is derived from many of the same sources as maleic anhydride. Maleic acid may be used in place of or in addition to maleic anhydride which is the preferred feedstock for the instant process. For ease of description the remainder of the specification shall refer to maleic anhydride only.
Catalyst The hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to 1,4-butanediol is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, maleic anhydride is hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst to succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone. In the second stage, the first stage product (succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone) is hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst to 1,4-butanediol. The catalyst for the first stage may be any hydrogenation catalysts which will effect the conversion of maleic anhydride to succinic anhydride. Representative of suitable hydrogenation catalysts for this purpose are copper chromite, Pd/Al2 O3, Pd on a carbon support, or mixed oxide catalysts comprising copper, zinc and aluminum. The hydrogenation catalyst for the second stage is a ruthenium-containing catalyst.
Ru0.001-2 M0.01-2 M'0.01-2 M"0.01-1 Ox where M, M', M" and x are as previously defined. Preferably, M is nickel, M' is iron, cobalt or rhodium and M" is zinc. Preferably, the molar ratio of ruthenium is between about 0.01 and 1.5, of M and M, between about 0.1 and 1.5, and of M" between 0.05 and 0.8. More preferably, the molar ratio ruthenium is between about 0.1 and 1.5, of M and M' between about 0.5 and 1.5, and of M" between about 0.1 and 0.8. A preferred catalyst of this invention is of the formula
RuNiCoZn0.4
Process Conditions In the instant process there are two sequential hydrogenation stages. The hydrogenations may be carried out in the same or separate reactors. In a single reactor process, the process conditions at or near the reactor inlet are such that the maleic anhydride is cleanly converted to succinic anhydride, gamma-butyrolactone or mixtures thereof. The remainder of the reactor is maintained at process conditions for the conversion of the succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone to 1,4-butanediol. In a two-reactor process, maleic anhydride is converted to succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone in the first reactor and the succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone rich effluent from the first reactor is passed directly into the second reactor for conversion to 1,4-butanediol.
The reaction temperature for the first stage is typically between about 100� and about 350� C. and preferably between about 150� and about 300� C. The first stage reaction pressure is between about 14.7 and 2500 psi. Preferably, the first stage reaction pressure is between 14.7 and 1500 psi. The H2 to maleic anhydride ratio is between about 20/1 and about 600/1. The liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) is between about 0.01/hr and about 10/hr and the hydrogen gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) is about 100/hr to about 100,000/hr.
The reaction temperature for the second stage is typically between about 180� and about 350� C. and preferably between about 200� and about 300� C. The reaction pressure is typically between about 200 and about 4000 psi and preferably between about 500 and 2000 psi. More preferred are pressures between about 750 and about 1500 psi.
SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS The following examples are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. The percent yields in all examples result from 100 percent conversion of the feed to the products and by-products.
EXAMPLE 1 Catalyst Preparation The catalysts used in the following examples were mixed oxides coated on a 10-30 mesh alpha alumina support (surface area = 4 m2 /g), hereinafter referred to as "LSAA". In general the catalyst preparation involved impregnation of the LSAA to incipient wetness with a solution of Ni, Co, and Ru nitrates. After drying and calcination, the material was impregnated to incipient wetness with a zinc solution.
In a typical catalyst preparation, 220cc of LSAA was dried overnight in an oven as 120� C. 41.71g of a Ru(NO3)3 solution (8% Ru) was diluted with water to give a total weight of 88g and 9.59g of Co(NO3)2. 6H2 O and 9.59g of Ni(NO3)3.6H2 O were added. The alumina was impregnated with approximately half of the solution and dried at 120� C./4h. The remainder of the solution was impregnated onto the support which was then dried at 120� C./overnight and calcined at 350� C. for 3 hours. Half of the RuCoNi/LSAA was impregnated with a solution of 3.63g of Zn(OAc)2.2H2 O in 22g of distilled water. The catalyst was dried at 120� C./overnight and calcined at 350� C. for 3h. This procedure resulted in a catalyst of the formula,
EXAMPLE 2 Apparatus and Procedure A high-pressure flow system was used in these experiments and included a 40cc fixed-bed reactor. The reactor was packed with 15 to 30 cc of catalyst. The remaining portion of the reactor was packed with glass beads. A liquid feed was pumped into the top of the reactor via a 1/16" stainless tubing.
Prior to testing, the catalyst was reduced at atmospheric pressure, in flowing H2 (150sccm), at 300� C. The following temperature ramp was used in the reduction:
1. Rapidly to 100� C.
2. 100�-300� C. in 2h.
3. At 300� C. for 2 hr.
Following the reduction, the system was pressurized to 1300 psig and the hydrogen flow rate adjusted to between 1 and 6 SLM. The reactor and preheater were then heated to the desired temperatures (200�-250� C. and 120�-170� C., respectively). On reaching the set temperature, the liquid feed was introduced at about 6.5 cc/h. The product collection system was also cooled to �0� C. The system was allowed to equilibrate for 5-24h prior to making the initial product collection. Typically a product collection lasted 2-3h, and during this time the effluent gas rate was measured. A sample of the effluent gas was taken at the midpoint of the collection for analysis.
EXAMPLE 3 A comparison between Maleic Anhydride (MAH)/Gammabutyrolactone (GBL) and Succinic Anhydride (SAH)/Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) Hydrogenation Using catalysts prepared as described in Example 1 and the apparatus and procedure described in Example 2, the hydrogenation of two different feedstocks, MAH/GBL and SAH/ GBL were compared. During the hydrogenation the reactor was operated at a pressure of 1300 psig, a temperature of 215� C., a hydrogen gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 8250/hr; a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.33/hr, and a contact time of 0.4 minutes. The data presented in Table 1 below was taken at approximately 25 hours of operation.
TABLE 1______________________________________ A comparison between MAH/GBL andSAH/GBL Hydrogenation      MAH/GBL        SAH/GBL______________________________________Feed       20% MAH in GBL 17% SAH in GBLCatalyst   RuCoNiZn0.4 /LSAA                     RuCoNiZn/LSAA% C4  13.4           22Conversion*% Selectivity1,4-Butanediol      82.1           92.9Tetrahydrofuran      10.8           4.2Propanol   2.0            2.1Butanol    0.8            0.8CO2 + CH4      4.2            �0Mass Balance      0.96           1.0______________________________________ ##STR2## where S = (GBL + MAH + SAH)
EXAMPLE 4 Hydrogenation of Neat gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) Using catalyst (RuCoNiZn/LSAA) prepared as in Example 1 and the apparatus and procedure described in Example 2, GBL was hydrogenated. During the hydrogenation the reactor was operated at a set temperature of 200� C., pressure of 1300 psig, a hydrogen gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) or 2590/hr, a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.32/hr, and a hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio of 27.
TABLE 2______________________________________Hydrogenation of Neat GBL Over RuCoNiZn/LSAA Catalyst______________________________________% C4 Conversion            38.9% Selectivity to1,4-butanediol   97.9Tetrahydrofuran  1.1Propanol         0.5Butanol          0.3CH4 /CO2            0.3Mass Balance     0.93______________________________________
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Patent US6308758 - Elastomeric tire having magnetized sidewall and method of manufacturing same - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention provides a tire with a sidewall having a magnetized outer layer. The sidewall outer layer is peripherally divided into sections with radially extending ribs between each adjacent pair of sections. The ribs protrude above the sections. In the peripheral direction, the ribs are significantly...http://www.google.com/patents/US6308758?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6308758 - Elastomeric tire having magnetized sidewall and method of manufacturing sameAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6308758 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/347,757Publication dateOct 30, 2001Filing dateJul 6, 1999Priority dateJul 6, 1999Fee statusLapsedAlso published asDE60000100D1, EP1067389A1, EP1067389B1, US20020053385, WO2001002869A2, WO2001002869A3Publication number09347757, 347757, US 6308758 B1, US 6308758B1, US-B1-6308758, US6308758 B1, US6308758B1InventorsA. Yuecel Cetin, James M. GiustinoOriginal AssigneeContinental AgExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (27), Referenced by (14), Classifications (14), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElastomeric tire having magnetized sidewall and method of manufacturing same
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Welcome to Scribd. Sign in or start your free trial to enjoy unlimited e-books, audiobooks & documents.Find out moreDownloadStandard viewFull view of .Add to collectionMark as finishedMarked as finished. UndoRemove from libraryLook up keyword or sectionLike thisShare on social networks8Activity×Share to your social networks.TweetEmbedTable Of Contents1.1 Background1.2 Problem statement1.3 Aim of the study1.4 Objectives of the study1.5 References2.1 Introduction2.2 Different models of fixed-bed gasification2.3 Reaction rates2.3.1 Drying2.3.2 Pyrolysis2.3.3 Heterogeneous gas-char reactions2.3.4 Homogeneous gas-phase reactions2.4.1 Heat transfer2.4.2 Mass transfer2.4.3 Effective thermal conductivities in packed beds2.4.4 Heat loss through the reactor wall2.5 Tar in producer gas2.5.1 Tar definition2.5.2 Tar quantities as a function of gasifier type2.5.3 Tar removal methods2.5.4 Tar removal methods outside the gasifier (Secondary methods)2.5.5 Tar removal methods inside the gasifier (Primary methods)2.6 Concluding remarks2.6.1 Theoretical modelling2.6.2 Tar reduction2.7 References3.1 Introduction3.2 Reaction rates3.2.1 Drying3.2.2 Pyrolysis3.2.3 Heterogeneous char combustion and gasification3.2.4 Homogeneous gas reactions3.3 Gas-particle interchange3.3.1 Heat and mass transfer coefficients3.3.2 Effective thermal conductivity3.4 Bed-to-wall heat transfer coefficient3.5 Thermophysical and transport properties of solid and gas mixture3.5.1 Solid phase3.5.2 Gas mixture3.6 Conservation of mass3.6.1 Solid phase component3.6.2 Gas phase species3.7 Conservation of energy3.8 The boundary and initial conditions3.9 Numerical methods3.9.1 Method of discretization3.9.2 Source-term linearization3.9.3 Underrelaxation3.9.4 Model discretization3.9.5 Adaptive grid method3.9.6 Solution procedure3.10 Conclusions3.11 References4.1 Introduction4.2 Generalised model predictions4.2.1 Transient behaviour of temperatures and gas compositions4.2.2 Temperature profiles4.2.3 Velocity profiles4.2.4 Solid densities profiles4.2.5 Gas composition profiles4.2.6 Reaction rate profiles4.2.7 Stability of reaction zones4.3 Parametric sensitivity analysis of the model4.3.1 Airflow rate4.3.2 Initial particle size4.3.3 Initial moisture content4.3.4 Solid-gas heat transfer coefficient4.3.5 Mass transfer coefficient4.3.6 Heat and mass exchange area4.3.7 Kinetics of primary pyrolysis4.3.8 Kinetics of secondary pyrolysis4.3.9 Kinetic rate of oxidation of secondary tar4.3.10 Effective thermal conductivity4.3.11 Heat loss through reactor wall4.4 Conclusions4.5 References5.1 Introduction5.2 Experimental set-up5.2.1 Experimental stratified downdraft gasifier5.2.2 Thermal insulation5.2.3 Flare and burner5.2.4 Filter5.2.5 Air blower5.2.6 Suction blower5.3 Measurement systems and instrumentation5.3.1 Gas sampling train5.3.2 Measurement of tar content5.3.3 Measurement of gas composition5.3.4 Measurement of temperature5.3.5 Measurement of pressure5.3.6 Measurement of supplied airflow rate5.3.7 Measurement of gas flow rate5.3.8 Measurement of wood consumption rate5.3.9 Cold gas efficiency5.4 Raw materials5.4.1 Wood blocks5.4.2 Red gum charcoal5.5 Experimental procedure5.6 Summary5.7 ReferencesExperimental results and model validation6.1 Introduction6.2 Experimental results6.2.1 Material balance and elemental balance6.2.2 Temperature.2.3 Gas composition6.2.4 Tar content.2.5 Energy output6.2.6 Cold gas efficiencyComparison of model predictions and experimental results6.3.1 Temperature profiles6.3.2 Gas composition profiles6.3.4 Fuel consumption6.3.5 Air-fuel ratio6.3.6 Gas production rate6.4 Conclusions6.5 ReferencesAnalysis for tar reduction in stratified downdraft gasifier7.1 Introduction7.2 Optimum length of reaction zones7.3.1 Performance of the reactor when using wood fuel only7.3.3 Two different concepts on two-stage gasification7.3.4 Simulation on two-stage gasification7.4 Conclusions7.5 References8.1 Introduction8.2 Summary and conclusions for the theoretical study8.3 Summary and conclusions for the experimental study8.4 Summary and conclusions related specifically to tar reduction8.5 Recommendations for further research works8.6 ReferenceDiscretization of model partial differential equations0 of .Results for: No results containing your search query{{& result_text }}{[ } ]}
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Affinity Labs of Texas v. Nissan North America et. al. | Patent Infringement | Patent Application
Description: Official Complaint for Patent Infringement in Civil Action No. 6:13-cv-00369: Affinity Labs of Texas, LLC v. Nissan North America, Inc. et. al. Filed in U.S. District Court for the Western District...
Official Complaint for Patent Infringement in Civil Action No. 6:13-cv-00369: Affinity Labs of Texas, LLC v. Nissan North America, Inc. et. al. Filed in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, no judge yet assigned. See http://news.priorsmart.com/-l9xT for more info.
AFFINITY LABS OF TEXAS, LLC, Plaintiff, v. NISSAN NORTH AMERICA INC., NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD., Defendants.
Case No. 6:13-cv-369 JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT Plaintiff Affinity Labs of Texas, LLC (“Affinity Labs”) for its causes of action against Defendants, Nissan North America Inc. and Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (collectively, “Nissan” and/or “Defendants”), states and alleges on knowledge and information and belief as follows: PARTIES 1. Plaintiff Affinity Labs is a Texas limited liability company having offices at 31884
RR 12, Dripping Springs, TX 78620. 2. On information and belief, Defendant Nissan North America, Inc. is a California
corporation with its principal place of business located at 1 Nissan Way, Franklin, Tennessee, 37067. 3. On information and belief, Defendant Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., is a Japanese company
with its headquarters located at 1-1, Takashima 1-chome, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 220-8686, Japan.
1823818.1
JURISDICTION 4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§
1331 and 1338(a), in that this action arises under the federal patent statutes, 35 U.S.C. §§ 271 and 281-285. 5. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Nissan. Upon information and belief,
Nissan has committed and continues to commit acts giving rise to this action within Texas and within this judicial district and Nissan has established minimum contacts within the forum such that the exercise of jurisdiction over Nissan would not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. For example, Nissan has committed and continues to commit acts of infringement in this District, by among other things, offering to sell and selling products that infringe the Asserted Patents, including the Nissan Altima with the Nissan Connect stereo system. In conducting its business in Texas and this judicial district, Nissan derives substantial revenue from infringing products being sold, used, imported, and/or offered for sale or providing service and support to Nissan’s customers in Texas and this District, and will continue to do so unless enjoined by this Court. VENUE 6. Venue in the Western District of Texas is proper pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391(b)
and (c) and 1400(b) because Nissan has committed acts within this judicial district giving rise to this action, and Nissan has and continues to conduct business in this judicial district, including one or more acts of selling, using, importing, and/or offering for sale infringing products or providing service and support to Nissan’s customers in this District. 7. Venue in the Western District of Texas is also proper because on information and
belief, Nissan North America, Inc. is authorized to do business in Texas and has appointed
LexisNexis Document Solutions, Inc., 211 E. 7th Street, Suite 620, Austin, Texas 78701-3218 as its agent for service of process. 8. Venue in the Western District of Texas is further proper because Nissan North
America, Inc. sells Nissan-branded products in Texas, including in the Western District of Texas, through authorized dealers. Consumers can go to Nissan North America, Inc.’s website (www.nissanusa.com) and click on “Find a Dealer,” which directs such inquiries to a list of Nissan-branded automobile dealerships, including South Point Nissan in Austin, Texas and Town North Nissan in Austin, Texas. Consumers can also request quotes on Nissan-branded automobiles via the nissanusa.com website. Consumers can also browse local dealership inventories directly on the nissanusa.com website. 9. Venue in the Western District of Texas is also proper because Nissan North
America, Inc. sells Infiniti-branded automobiles in the Western District of Texas. Clicking on “Locate a Retailer” from Nissan’s website (www.infinitiusa.com) directs such inquiries to a list of Infiniti-branded automobile dealerships, including Austin Infiniti, an authorized Infinitibranded dealership in Austin, Texas. Consumers can request quotes on Infiniti-branded automobiles via the infinitiusa.com website. Consumers can also browse local dealership inventories directly on the infinitiusa.com website. 10. Venue in the Western District of Texas is further proper because Affinity Labs is
headquartered in this District in Dripping Springs, Texas. 11. Venue in the Western District of Texas is further proper because the majority of
Affinity Labs’ documents and relevant evidence is located at Affinity Labs’ headquarters within this District and numerous witnesses are also located within this District.
Venue in the Western District of Texas is also proper because Affinity Labs is
organized and governed by the limited liability company laws of Texas and is subject to taxes in Texas. Affinity Labs maintains a registered agent for service of process in Texas. 13. Venue in the Western District of Texas is also proper because this District is
centrally located to resolve common issues of fact among Affinity Labs and the Defendants. BACKGROUND Affinity Labs 14. Affinity Labs restates and realleges each of the allegations set forth above and
incorporates them herein. 15. 16. Affinity Labs was founded in 2008 by Russell White and Harlie Frost. Russell White is a successful entrepreneur and patent attorney. Mr. White grew up
in Houston, Texas, and has an undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering from Texas A&M. Mr. White also graduated from the University of Temple Law School. After earning his law degree, Mr. White co-founded SBC Knowledge Ventures, an entity within AT&T. 17. Mr. White is also a prolific inventor. Mr. White is listed as an inventor on at least
twenty-five separate United States patents. 18. On March 28, 2000, Mr. White and Kevin R. Imes filed a detailed patent application,
No. 09/537,812 (“the ’812 application”) with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”). 19. The ’812 application addressed the problem of navigating through and playing audio
content stored on a portable electronic audio device, such as an MP3 player or cell phone, using a different electronic device.
The ’812 application disclosed the ability to connect a portable electronic device,
such as an MP3 player or cell phone, to a second device such as an automobile with a display and sound system. As disclosed in the ’812 application, the music available on the portable device can then be displayed and selected using controls on an automobile stereo system, and played through the speakers. 21. Mr. White and Mr. Imes made this disclosure in the ’812 application over a year
before the iPod was released in October 2001, and years before the functionality of having the music available on a portable device be displayed and selected using controls on an automobile stereo system and played through the speakers was available using an iPhone and some luxury vehicles. 22. On October 8, 2013, the PTO issued United States Patent No. 8,554,191, entitled
“System and Method for Managing Media” (“the ’191 patent”), a copy of which is attached as Exhibit A. The ’191 patent was issued from a continuation application claiming priority to the ’812 application. 23. On November 19, 2013, the PTO issued United States Patent No. 8,588,680, entitled
“System and Method to Communicate Targeted Information” (“the ’680 patent”), a copy of which is attached as Exhibit B. The ’680 patent was issued from a continuation application claiming priority to the ’812 application. 24. The ’191 and ’680 patents (collectively, “the Asserted Patents”) are in the same
patent family and both claim priority to the ’812 application, which was filed with the PTO on March 28, 2000 and issued on March 6, 2007 as United States Patent No. 7,187,947, entitled “System and Method for Communicating Selected Information to an Electronic Device.”
Other patents in the ’191 and ’680 patent family have been cited by major businesses
in the computer, software, communications, automotive, and mobile industries. For example, U.S. Patent No. 7,324,833 and U.S. Patent No. 7,634,228 have been cited in at least 38 patents and publications, with many of these patents assigned to corporations such as Apple, AT&T, Toyota, Google, Nokia, Bose, and Volkswagen. 26. Affinity Labs holds legal title, by assignment, to the Asserted Patents. COUNT I Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 8,554,191 by Nissan 27. On information and belief, Nissan manufactures, uses, sells, offers to sell, markets,
imports, has manufactured, used, sold, offered to sell, marketed, and/or imported products that infringe or have infringed the ’191 patent. 28. As a result, Affinity Labs brings this action to seek damages and injunctive relief
arising out of Nissan’s infringing acts. 29. Affinity Labs restates and realleges each of the allegations set forth above and
incorporates them herein. 30. Upon information and belief, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(a), Nissan has
infringed, and if not enjoined, will continue to infringe the ’191 patent by (1) manufacturing, using, marketing, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing, without authority, products and services that are covered by one or more claims of the ’191 patent, literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents; (2) inducing infringement of one or more claims of the ’191 patent, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(b); and/or (3) contributing to the infringement of one or more claims of the ’191 patent, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(c). In particular, Nissan infringes one or more claims of the ’191 patent directly and indirectly, literally and under the doctrine of
equivalents, and by inducement and contributory infringement by (1) manufacture, use, marketing of, sale, offer for sale, and/or importation of Nissan automobiles with sound systems, including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima; and (2) using Nissan automobiles with sound systems, including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima, as part of the audio system and methods claimed in the ’191 patent. 31. Also on information and belief, Nissan markets and sells Nissan automobiles with
sound systems, including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima. Nissan markets and sells its Nissan automobiles with sound systems to customers and potential customers that include, for example, dealerships and other companies in the vehicle industry in the United States, in addition to individual customers in the United States. 32. Also on information and belief, Nissan markets and sells Nissan automobiles
containing a Bluetooth compliant communication module supplied by Visteon. 33. In addition, on information and belief, Nissan has actively induced and is actively
inducing others, such as Nissan’s customers, to directly infringe the ’191 patent in this District and elsewhere in the United States in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(b). For example, on
information and belief, Nissan and/or its distributors or representatives have sold or otherwise provided Nissan automobiles with sound systems—including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima—to third parties, such as Nissan’s customers. Nissan’s customers, on information and belief, have directly infringed and are directly infringing the ’191 patent. Moreover, Nissan specifically intends for and encourages its customers to use technology in violation of the ’191 patent. For example, by marketing and selling its automobiles with sound systems that are able to pair with a portable electronic device, such as an MP3 player or cell phone, Nissan has
encouraged and is encouraging its customers to use its automobiles with sound systems and, thus, to directly infringe the ’191 patent. 34. Furthermore, on information and belief, Nissan has also contributed to and is
contributing to direct infringement of the ’191 patent by third parties, such as Nissan’s customers, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(c). For example, on information and belief, Nissan has contributed to and is contributing to infringement of the ’191 patent by selling its customers Nissan automobiles with sound systems that are able to pair with a portable electronic device, such as an MP3 player or cell phone, including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima—the use of which by Nissan’s customers has directly infringed and is directly infringing the ’191 patent. 35. ’191 patent. 36. Affinity Labs has been injured and has been caused significant financial damage as a Nissan does not have a license or permission to use the claimed subject matter in the
direct and proximate result of Nissan’s infringement of the ’191 patent. 37. Nissan will continue to infringe the ’191 patent, and thus cause irreparable injury and
damage to Affinity Labs unless enjoined by this Court. 38. Affinity Labs is entitled to recover from Nissan the damages sustained by Affinity
Labs as a result of Nissan’s wrongful acts in an amount subject to proof at trial. COUNT II Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 8,588,680 by Nissan 39. On information and belief, Nissan manufactures, uses, sells, offers to sell, markets,
imports, has manufactured, used, sold, offered to sell, marketed, and/or imported products that infringe or have infringed the ’680 patent.
As a result, Affinity Labs brings this action to seek damages and injunctive relief
arising out of Nissan’s infringing acts. 41. Affinity Labs restates and realleges each of the allegations set forth above and
incorporates them herein. 42. Upon information and belief, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(a), Nissan has
infringed, and if not enjoined, will continue to infringe the ’680 patent by (1) manufacturing, using, marketing, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing, without authority, products and services that are covered by one or more claims of the ’680 patent, literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents; (2) inducing infringement of one or more claims of the ’680 patent, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(b); and/or (3) contributing to the infringement of one or more claims of the ’680 patent, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(c). In particular, Nissan infringes one or more claims of the ’680 patent directly and indirectly, literally and under the doctrine of equivalents, and by inducement and contributory infringement by (1) manufacture, use, marketing of, sale, offer for sale, and/or importation of Nissan automobiles with sound systems, including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima; and (2) using Nissan automobiles with sound systems, including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima, as part of the audio system and methods claimed in the ’680 patent. 43. Also on information and belief, Nissan markets and sells Nissan automobiles with
sound systems, including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima. Nissan markets and sells its Nissan automobiles with sound systems to customers and potential customers that include, for example, dealerships and other companies in the vehicle industry in the United States, in addition to individual customers in the United States.
In addition, on information and belief, Nissan has actively induced and is actively
inducing others, such as Nissan’s customers, to directly infringe the ’680 patent in this District and elsewhere in the United States in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(b). For example, on
information and belief, Nissan and/or its distributors or representatives have sold or otherwise provided Nissan automobiles with sound systems—including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima—to third parties, such as Nissan’s customers. Nissan’s customers, on information and belief, have directly infringed and are directly infringing the ’680 patent. Moreover, Nissan specifically intends for and encourages its customers to use technology in violation of the ’680 patent. For example, by marketing and selling its automobiles with sound systems that are able to pair with a portable electronic device, such as an MP3 player or cell phone, Nissan has encouraged and is encouraging its customers to use its automobiles with sound systems and, thus, to directly infringe the ’680 patent. 45. Furthermore, on information and belief, Nissan has also contributed to and is
contributing to direct infringement of the ’680 patent by third parties, such as Nissan’s customers, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(c). For example, on information and belief, Nissan has contributed to and is contributing to infringement of the ’680 patent by selling its customers Nissan automobiles with sound systems that are able to pair with a portable electronic device, such as an MP3 player or cell phone, including at least, for example, the Nissan Altima—the use of which by Nissan’s customers has directly infringed and is directly infringing the ’680 patent. 46. ’680 patent. Nissan does not have a license or permission to use the claimed subject matter in the
direct and proximate result of Nissan’s infringement of the ’680 patent. 48. Nissan will continue to infringe the ’680 patent, and thus cause irreparable injury and
damage to Affinity Labs unless enjoined by this Court. 49. Affinity Labs is entitled to recover from Nissan the damages sustained by Affinity
Labs as a result of Nissan’s wrongful acts in an amount subject to proof at trial. DEMAND FOR TRIAL BY JURY Affinity Labs demands a jury trial on all issues so triable, pursuant to Rule 38 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. PRAYER FOR RELIEF WHEREFORE, Plaintiff Affinity Labs prays for the following relief: 1. A declaration that Nissan has infringed and is infringing the ’191 and ’680 patents
and is liable to Affinity Labs for infringement; 2. 3. An order enjoining Nissan from infringing the ’191 and ’680 patents; If a permanent injunction is not granted, a judicial determination of the conditions
amount adequate to compensate Affinity Labs for Nissan’s infringement of the ’191 and ’680 patents, and that the damages be trebled pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 284; 5. An equitable accounting of damages owed by Nissan for the period of infringement
of the ’191 and ’680 patents, following the period of damages established by Affinity Labs at trial; 11
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Patent US6912283 - Teledata space and docking station with modular and integrated display - Google Patents
A desk top telephone includes a network interface circuit for audio session set up and audio session communication with a remote telephone device. A display device docking bay accommodates a simple display screen or a portable computing device such as a portable data device (PDA). Each of a plurality...http://www.google.com/patents/US6912283?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6912283 - Teledata space and docking station with modular and integrated display
Publication number US6912283 B2
Application number US 09/961,532
Also published as US20030059038
Publication number 09961532, 961532, US 6912283 B2, US 6912283B2, US-B2-6912283, US6912283 B2, US6912283B2
Inventors Robert F. Meyerson, Rodney A. Ross, Calvin E. Lewis
Original Assignee Robert F. Meyerson, Rodney A. Ross, Calvin E. Lewis
Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (46), Classifications (29), Legal Events (7)
Teledata space and docking station with modular and integrated display
US 6912283 B2
a) a network interface circuit for audio session set-up and audio session communication with a remote telephone system over a network;
b) an audio sub system for receiving a microphone input representing the voice of an operator and presenting audio data to the network interface circuit and for receiving audio data from the network interface circuit and generating a signal for driving a speaker;
c) a docking interface configured for operatively coupling a device from a group of devices consisting of:
i) a simple display device which comprises a display for representing information in accordance with a video signal received through the docking interface; and
ii) a portable computing device which comprises a display and display circuits for generating an internal video signal for driving its display in accordance with data files received through the docking interface;
d) a display controller coupled to the docking interface for coupling the video signal representing the information related to operation of the telephone to the simple display device;
e) a communication controller coupled to the docking interface for coupling the data files containing information related to operation of the telephone to the portable computing device.
2. The telephone of claim 1, wherein the data files comprise:
tagged data elements representing the information related to operation of the telephone; and
a style sheet defining the aesthetic display of the tapped data elements on the display of the portable computing device.
3. The telephone of claim 1, further including a device detection circuit coupled to the docking interface for identifying whether the device coupled to the display docking bay is a portable computing device or a simple display device.
a) writing an image to predefine memory space for scanning by the display controller which generates the video signal there from; and
b) generating the data files for transfer to the portable computing device by the communication controller.
5. The telephone of claim 4, wherein the data files comprise:
a style sheet defining the aesthetic display of the tagged data elements on the display of the portable computing device.
6. The telephone of claim 5, further comprising a power supply circuit for coupling at least one of operating power and charging power to the docking bay whereby the modular display device may at least one of operate and charge using the power coupled to the docking bay when coupled to the docking bay.
a) a base telephone unit comprising:
i) a network interface circuit for audio session set-up, and audio session communication with a remote telephone system; and
iii) a display docking interface;
b) a simple display device configured for coupling to the display docking interface for receiving a video signal from the base telephone unit and generating a representation on a display screen in accordance with the video signal; and
c) a portable computing device configured for coupling to the display docking interface for receiving data files generating a video signal representing content of the data files for driving a representation of the content on a display;
d) wherein the base telephone unit further includes a display control system comprising:
a display controller coupled to the docking interface for coupling the video signal to the simple display device; and
a communication controller coupled to the docking interface for coupling the data files to the portable computing device.
8. The desk top telephone system of claim 7, wherein the data files comprise:
tagged data elements representing information related to operation of the base telephone unit; and
9. The desk top telephone system of claim 7, wherein the base telephone unit further comprises a device detection circuit coupled to the display docking interface for identifying whether a device coupled to the display docking interface is a portable computing device or a simple display device.
11. The desk top telephone system of claim 10, wherein the data files comprise:
12. The desk top telephone system of claim 11, wherein the base telephone unit further comprises a power supply circuit for coupling at least one of operating power and charging power to the display docking interface whereby the simple display device and the portable data device may at least one of operate and charge using the power coupled to the display docking bay when coupled to the display docking interface.
i) a network interface circuit for audio session set-up, and audio session communication with a remote telephone system;
iv) a display control system for coupling both a video signal representing the content of a display screen and data files comprising information related to operation of the base telephone unit to the display docking interface; and
b) a plurality of docking bay adapters, each configured to operatively couple one of a plurality of devices to the display docking interface;
c) the devices include at least one of:
a simple display device comprising a display for representing information in accordance with the video signal; and
a portable computing device which comprises a display and display circuits for generating an internal video signal for driving its display in accordance with the data files.
14. The desk top telephone system of claim 13, wherein the data files comprise:
tagged data elements representing the information related to operation of the base telephone unit; and
15. The desk top telephone system of claim 13, wherein the base telephone unit further comprises a device detection circuit coupled to the display docking interface for identifying whether a device coupled to the docking interface adapter is a portable computing device or a simple display device.
17. The desk top telephone system of claim 16, wherein the data files comprise:
18. A method of operating a telephone, the method comprising:
a) determining which of a simple display device and a portable computing device is coupled to a display docking interface;
a simple display device comprising a display for representing information in accordance with a video signal received through the docking interface; and
a portable computing device comprising a display and display circuits for generating an internal video signal or driving its display in accordance with data files received through the docking interface;
b) coupling a video signal to the display docking interface if the device is determined to be a simple display device; and
c) coupling a data file comprising information related to operation of the telephone to the display docking interface if the device is determined to be a portable computing device.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the data files comprise:
US5655015 May 1, 1996 Aug 5, 1997 Aurora Systems, Inc. Computer-telephone integration system
US6188677 Dec 16, 1996 Feb 13, 2001 Sony Corporation Telephone apparatus used for computer network telephone system
USD389146 Sep 5, 1996 Jan 13, 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company Portable computer with a telephone docking station
1 Symbol Technologies, Press Release, Symbol Announces Wireless LAN Telephone System. Jan. 19, 1998.
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US20040048674 * Jun 23, 2003 Mar 11, 2004 Intec, Inc. Video display unit for video game console
US20040225892 * May 5, 2003 Nov 11, 2004 Bear Eric Gould Method and system for activating a computer system
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US20050202879 * Mar 9, 2004 Sep 15, 2005 Intec, Inc. Detachable display for video console
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U.S. Classification 379/428.04, 348/E07.081, 379/428.03
International Classification H04L12/18, H04N7/14, H04L12/58, H04M3/56, H04L12/56, H04L29/06
Cooperative Classification H04M1/02, H04N7/147, H04M1/2473, H04M1/72527, H04M3/567, H04L51/36, H04M1/2478, H04W88/02, H04W76/02, H04M1/2535, H04L51/00
European Classification H04M1/247N, H04M1/02, H04M1/725F1B, H04M1/253W, H04M1/247C, H04L12/58, H04M3/56M, H04N7/14A3, H04L12/58U
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MEYERSON, ROBERT F.;ROSS, RODNEY;LEWIS, CALVIN E.;REEL/FRAME:012201/0771


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SAMPLE PLAY AUDIO SAMPLE http%3A%2F%2Fsamples.audible.com%2Fbk%2Fpeng%2F001836%2Fbk_peng_001836_sample.mp3+flashcontent0AEJ9Z2NWDTY3KQCQF430 Believing the Lie: An Inspector Lynley Novel
3.80 (432 ratings) Inspector Thomas Lynley is mystified when he's sent undercover to investigate the death of Ian Cresswell at the request of the man's uncle, the wealthy and influential Bernard Fairclough. The death has been ruled an accidental drowning, and nothing on the surface indicates otherwise. But when Lynley enlists the help of his friends Simon and Deborah St. James, the trio's digging soon reveals that the Fairclough clan is awash in secrets, lies, and motives.


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Patent US5462569 - Retro-fit filter unit for air intakes to electro-mechanical machines - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA filter unit is removably attached to a machine housing over an air intake vent to prevent particulate matter from entering the machine and thereby damaging the machine. The filter unit includes a filter, a filter housing, and fasteners to removably attach the filter housing to the machine. The filter...http://www.google.com/patents/US5462569?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5462569 - Retro-fit filter unit for air intakes to electro-mechanical machinesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5462569 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/114,158Publication dateOct 31, 1995Filing dateSep 1, 1993Priority dateSep 1, 1993Fee statusLapsedPublication number08114158, 114158, US 5462569 A, US 5462569A, US-A-5462569, US5462569 A, US5462569AInventorsStanley BenjaminOriginal AssigneeBenjamin; StanleyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (18), Referenced by (65), Classifications (16), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetRetro-fit filter unit for air intakes to electro-mechanical machines
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text:
Orion or the Antiquity of the Vedas. book by Bal Gangadhar Tilak | 5 available editions | Alibris Books
ISBN-13: 9781375805162
ISBN: 1375805169
Alibris ID: 14290773384
Alibris ID: 14720595750
New in New jacket. Lang: -English, Pages 236, Print on Demand. Reprinted in 2018 with the help of original edition published long back [1893]. This book is Printed in black & white, Hardcover, sewing binding for longer life with Matt laminated multi-Colour Dust Cover, Printed on high quality Paper, re-sized as per Current standards, professionally processed without changing its contents. As these are old books, we processed each page manually and make them readable but in some cases some pages which are blur or missing or black spots. If it is multi volume set, then it is only single volume. We expect that you will understand our compulsion in these books. We found this book important for the readers who want to know more about our old treasure so we brought it back to the shelves. (Any type of Customisation is possible). Hope you will like it and give your comments and suggestions.
ISBN-13: 9780344433092
ISBN: 0344433099
Alibris ID: 15080459750
ISBN-13: 9780342462834
ISBN: 0342462830
Alibris ID: 15016644255
ISBN-13: 9781296739638
ISBN: 1296739635
Alibris ID: 14460739149
Alibris ID: 15076785081
ISBN-13: 9780344433108
ISBN: 0344433102
Alibris ID: 15080459751
Alibris ID: 14718923093
New in New jacket. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden Leaf Printing on round Spine (extra customization on request like complete leather, Golden Screen printing in Front, Color Leather, Colored book etc. ) Reprinted in 2018 with the help of original edition published long back [1893]. This book is printed in black & white, sewing binding for longer life, Printed on high quality Paper, re-sized as per Current standards, professionally processed without changing its contents. As these are old books, we processed each page manually and make them readable but in some cases some pages which are blur or missing or black spots. If it is multi volume set, then it is only single volume. We expect that you will understand our compulsion in these books. We found this book important for the readers who want to know more about our old treasure so we brought it back to the shelves. Hope you will like it and give your comments and suggestions. Lang: -English, Pages 236, Print on Demand. EXTRA 10 DAYS APART FROM THE NORMAL SHIPPING PERIOD WILL BE REQUIRED FOR LEATHER BOUND BOOKS. COMPLETE LEATHER WILL COST YOU EXTRA US$ 25 APART FROM THE LEATHER BOUND BOOKS.
Alibris ID: 14635370467
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All Editions of Orion or the Antiquity of the Vedas.
9780344433092
9780344433108
9780342462834
9781375805162
9781296739638
Bal Gangadhar Tilak; His Writings and Speeches
The Arctic Home in the Vedas; Being Also a New Key to the Interpretation of Many Vedic Texts and Legends
Full and Authentic Report of the Tilak Trial 1908
Full & Authentic Report of the Tilak Trial (1908) Being the Only Authorised Verbatim Account of the Whole Proceedings with Introduction and Character Sketch of Bal Gangadhar Tikak: Together with Press Opinion

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Esprit Long Sleeve Tunic Tops & Blouses for Women | eBay
Esprit Long Sleeve Tunic Tops & Blouses for Women
Silver sequin detail on floral pattern. Floral butterfly pattern in pink, black & white. Sleeve length from shoulder to cuff: 61cms. Green stretch fabric. ESPRIT . Long sleeves. Size 'M'. The Not So Fine Print.
Fabulous ESPRIT White Tunic Long Sleeve Summer Top
Super Light and Comfy.
Esprit Womens Long-Sleeved Tunic
Top is a dark beige colour and has a loose fit look. sleeve length approx. 59 cm. length from shoulder to hem approx. Shirts is labelled as a size L. Shirt is pre-loved and in very good condition.
Ending Today at 22:20 AEDST20h 47m
Esprit Size 8 Vibrant Cotton Long Sleeve Crinkle (non-iron) Tunic Top
Under arm to under arm 100cm around, length shoulder to hem 68cm. A great summer Top or Cover Up.
Ending 22 Jan at 21:27 AEDST5d 19h
Pretty White with Embroidery Tunic from eSprit - size 10
Tie string around the neckline size: 10 (size US 6 as picture (measurement from shoulder to hem: 60 cm). Colour: White. cold machine wash. ).
Ending Friday at 12:01 AEDST2d 10h
ESPRIT NAVY LONG SLEEVE BUTTON DOWN FRONT LONG LENGTH TUNIC SHIRT M
Length: 31" Top of Shoulder to Longest Point of Hem. Collar with buttons down the front. Around Widest Area of Hem: 42". Front Center has a smocked section as part of design. The close-up pic of this is lightened to help show the detail.
Espirit Cotton Elastic Waist Long Sleeve Top Light Lilac w Taupe Lining 14 L XL
ESPIRIT TOP. DO NOT DUPLICATE OR COPY!
ESPRIT DECORP. LONG SLEEVE BLACK TOP SIZE M
ESPRIT TOP. SHELL: COTTON. LONG SLEEVE. UNDERARMS: 16.5", WAIST: 14", LENGTH: 21".
Esprit size 6 Tunic sleeve long flowers pink cotton
Size 6 US 36 EU.
Esprit XS / S (34/36) fine tunic long sleeve
Item condition Gently used. Product details.
Esprit XL Long Sleeve Tunic Top Color Block Orange Magenta Purple Cotton Stretch
Witchery Long Sleeve Tunic Tops & Blouses for Women
Motto Long Sleeve Tunic Tops & Blouses for Women