text:
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/212410275
Publisher: New York : Everyman's Library/A.A. Knopf, 2008.
ISBN/ISSN: 9780307268204 0307268209
OCLC:212410275
New York : Everyman's Library/A.A. Knopf, 2008.
Everyman's library, no. 202.
9780307268204 0307268209
212410275
xliii, 308 pages ; 22 cm.
Edith Wharton ; with an introduction by Peter Washington.
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text:
Sterling Therapeutic Massage - Mount Sterling, KY | Groupon
All Deals 4060 Automotive 32 Beauty & Spas 118 Food & Drink 117 Health & Fitness 172 Home Services 37
113 Maloney Way, Mount Sterling, KY 40353 113 Maloney Way, Mount Sterling Directions
+18594991042
113 Maloney Way,
45 minute Back, Neck & Shoulder
95 minute Tranquility Spa Package
De-stress and unwind with this relaxing massage. Start with a quick dry exfoliating treatment for the body. Followed with a 75 minute custom blend aromatherapy massage. Afterwards, enjoy a 15 minute nap before you are gently awaken.
Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Sterling Therapeutic Massage.

type: global

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text:
Racial and ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination coverage among adults during the 2004-2005 season. - PubMed - NCBI
Create RSSRSS SettingsSearch: Ahluwalia, Euler, BridgesNumber of items displayed:510152050100Feed name:Create RSSCreate alertAdvancedHelp
Format: AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend toChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate FileSearch: Ahluwalia, Euler, Bridges FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowAm J Epidemiol. 2006 Mar 15;163(6):571-8. Epub 2006 Jan 27.Racial and ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination coverage among adults during the 2004-2005 season.Link MW1, Ahluwalia IB, Euler GL, Bridges CB, Chu SY, Wortley PM.Author information1National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. MLink@cdc.govAbstractDuring the 2004-2005 influenza season, the supply of vaccine to the United States was significantly reduced. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices issued interim recommendations for prioritizing vaccination. Given trends in racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination for influenza, the authors assessed the impact of the shortage on those historically less likely to be vaccinated. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, they considered vaccination coverage among those non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics who had priority for being vaccinated during the 2004-2005 influenza season. The vaccine shortage had a significant negative effect on coverage among adults aged 65 years or older across the three racial/ethnic groups. Yet, the magnitude of the disparities in coverage did not change significantly from previous seasons. This finding may imply similar patterns of vaccine-seeking behavior during shortage and nonshortage years. No racial/ethnic differences were seen among adults aged 18-64 years, which likely reflects the higher percentage of health-care workers in this age group. Yearly monitoring of influenza vaccine coverage is important to assess the long-term impact of shortages on overall coverage and gaps in coverage between racial/ethnic groups.PMID: 16443801 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwj086 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ShareMeSH Terms, SubstancesMeSH TermsAdultAfrican Americans/statistics & numerical data*Age FactorsAgedBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance SystemEuropean Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*FemaleHispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data*HumansImmunization Programs/economicsImmunization Programs/standardsImmunization Programs/utilization*Influenza Vaccines/supply & distribution*Influenza, Human/ethnology*Influenza, Human/prevention & control*MaleMiddle AgedSeasonsSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesSubstancesInfluenza VaccinesLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesSilverchair Information SystemsOvid Technologies, Inc.MedicalAfrican American Health - MedlinePlus Health InformationFlu Shot - MedlinePlus Health InformationFlu - MedlinePlus Health InformationHispanic American Health - MedlinePlus Health InformationPubMed Commons home
Full text links Ahluwalia[All Fields] AND Euler[All Fields] AND Bridges[All Fields]Search

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text:
Administrative divisions of Ohio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from City (Ohio))
See also: Government of Columbus, Government of Cleveland and Government of Cincinnati
See also: List of cities in Ohio and List of villages in Ohio

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text:
Dolphins Around the World (Dolphin Worlds (Hardcover)) by Kalman, Bobbie: Crabtree Publishing Company 9780778711629 Library Binding - AbeBooks.com
Home Kalman, Bobbie Dolphins Around the World (Dolphin Worlds (Hardcover))
Dolphins Around the World (Dolphin Worlds (Hardcover))
ISBN 10: 0778711625 / ISBN 13: 9780778711629
Title: Dolphins Around the World (Dolphin Worlds (...
1. Dolphins Around the World (Dolphin Worlds (Hardcover))
ISBN 10: 0778711625 ISBN 13: 9780778711629
Book Description Crabtree Publishing Company. Library Binding. Book Condition: GOOD. Good clean copy with no missing pages might be an ex library copy; Possibly may have minor marginal notes and or highlighting. Bookseller Inventory # 2721317218
2. Dolphins Around the World (Dolphin Worlds (Hardcover))
Book Description Crabtree Publishing Company. Library Binding. Book Condition: VERY GOOD. little to no wear, pages are clean. The cover and binding are crisp with next no creases. Bookseller Inventory # 2789411652
Book Description Crabtree Publishing Company. Library Binding. Book Condition: Very Good. Light wear to edges and pages. Cover and spine show no easily noticeable damage. Bookseller Inventory # G0778711625I4N00
4. Dolphins Around the World (Dolphin Worlds)
Book Description Crabtree Pub Co, 2002. School & Library Binding. Book Condition: Used: Very Good. Bookseller Inventory # SONG0778711625
5. Dolphin Worlds: Dolphins Around the World Dolphin Worlds
Book Description Book Condition: Very Good. Book Condition: Very Good. Bookseller Inventory # 97807787116293.0
6. Dolphins Around the World (Hardback)
Book Description Crabtree Publishing Co,Canada, Canada, 2005. Hardback. Book Condition: New. Language: English . Brand New Book. There are over 30 species of dolphins. They live in almost all oceans of the world. Some prefer deep ocean waters, some inhabit coastal areas, and some even live in estuaries and rivers. This work is intended for ages 4-5, and it introduces children to the 33 species of dolphins. Bookseller Inventory # FLT9780778711629
Book Description Crabtree Pub Co, 2002. Library Binding. Book Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # DADAX0778711625
8. Dolphins Around the World (Hardback)
9. Dolphin Worlds: Dolphins Around the World Dolphin Worlds
Book Description Book Condition: Brand New. Book Condition: Brand New. Bookseller Inventory # 97807787116291.0

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text:
P. 1McDonalds Charities CEO refuses to explain why Save-A-Life Foundation grant records were prematurely destroyedMcDonalds Charities CEO refuses to explain why Save-A-Life Foundation grant records were prematurely destroyedRatings: 0|Views: 1,808|Likes: 0Published by Peter M. HeimlichMore info: categoriesTypes, Research, Business & EconomicsPublished by: Peter M. Heimlich on Aug 07, 2011Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.Free download as PDF, TXT or read online for free from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee MoreSee lesshttp://www.scribd.com/doc/61788971/McDonalds-Charities-CEO-refuses-to-explain-why-Save-A-Life-Foundation-grant-records-were-prematurely-destroyed07/10/2013pdftextoriginal From:
Lee Cary [mailto:lee.cary@att.net
Friday, July 02, 2010 1:25 PM
RMHC SALF invoicesDoug,We're getting near the end of our examination of SALF as it pertains to the joint venturewith CPS (and BlueCross Blue Shield) that RMHC Global and local engaged in. It'd behelpful to have copy of the documents that indicate the total payment of monies byRMHC Chicagoland & NW Indiana to SALF. Can that happen? Thanks.Lee Cary
Doug Porter To:
Lee Cary Sent:
Sunday, July 04, 2010 5:04 PM
RE: RMHC SALF invoices
I’m sorry to report that those records being 6+ years old have beendestroyed. We do not have any files left on this grant and given that we hadturned down any future requests, never in a million years did I think theywould ever be relevant again. But again, the records that you had (wediscussed) seemed to be accurate. That $37,500 from our local chapter(matched by global) in 2004 was the only one I recall – although it wasbefore our time as a merged charity.
Hope you are having a good 4
Doug Porter, CEORonald McDonald House Charities of Chicagoland & Northwest Indiana1900 Spring Road, #310Oak Brook, IL 60523630.623.5307 (w)312.305.4280 (c)www.rmhccni.org
RONALD McDONALD HOUSECHARITIES, INC.RECORDS MANAGEMENT POLICY
The purpose of Ronald McDonald House Charities’ Records Management Policyis to establish a standardized approach for the retention and disposition of all RonaldMcDonald House Charities’ records and documents, regardless of physical form(collectively, the “Records”), that is consistent with Ronald McDonald House Charities(“RMHC”) business purposes as well as all applicable legal and regulatory requirements.Records include, but are not limited to, recorded materials in any format, which arecreated, received or maintained in connection with RMHC’s business activities and serveas evidence of RMHC’s policies, obligations, significant decisions, operations, orbusiness activities.The following table identifies many, but not all, Records that may relate toRMHC’s business. Included with each category is a brief description of the Recordsalong with a time for each Record’s retention.Record Category Brief Description Official Retention
Accounting Records Financial records related to charitabledonation made to RMHC and contributionsby RMHC to supported charities; bank reconciliations, investment reconciliations,accounting reports and other supplementalschedules7 years after filing of agiven tax return –disposal subject toapproval of the TaxConsultantsAnnual FinancialReportsAudited financial statements 15 yearsCorporate Governance Board and Board Committee minutes andofficial organizational records.IndefiniteFundraising andSolicitationsRecords documenting support of fieldoffices, fundraising from 3
parties, andAwards of Excellence.7 years after filing of agiven tax return -disposal subject toapproval of the TaxConsultantsGrant AdministrationAdministration of donations made byRMHC to other organizations - includingapplications and agreements.While Active + 10 yearsthereafterLegal MattersLegal files relating to deals, estate matters,and other supporting documents.While Active + 10 yearsthereafterLicense Agreements Agreements with local Chapters relating tothe use of trademarks and operatingstandards.While Active + 10 yearsthereafterTax Returns andWorkpapersTax returns and supporting workpapers Indefinite
inquiry re: your organization's records management policy
"Peter M. Heimlich" < pmh@medfraud.info>
Thu, 21 Apr 2011 14:54:09 -0400
To: dporter@rmhccni.org
bgoldberg@atg.state.il.us
Doug Porter, CEORonald McDonald House Charities of Chicagoland & Northwest Indiana1900 Spring Road, #310Oak Brook, IL 60523Dear Mr. Porter:Please click hereto access a copy of Ronald McDonald House Charities Inc. Records Management Policy as ofDecember 2008.Is your organization's policy different from this? If so, this is to request that you provide me with a copy.Thank you for your assistance and I look forward to your reply.Sincerely,Peter M. Heimlich3630 River Hollow RunDuluth, GA 30096ph/FAX: (208)474-7283e-mail: pmh@medfraud.infohttp://medfraud.infocc: Barry Goldberg, Illinois Assistant Attorney General, Charitable Trust Bureau
Read: inquiry re: your organization's records management policy
Doug Porter <dporter@rmhccni.org>
Thu, 21 Apr 2011 14:02:48 -0500
Your message was read on Thursday, April 21, 2011 2:02:48 PM (GMT-06:00) Central Time (US & Canada).
Final-recipient: RFC822;dporter@rmhccni.orgDisposition: automatic-action/MDN-sent-automatically; displayedX-MSExch-Correlation-Key: utUNpIbQT0yUnGgZbux9DQ==X-Display-Name: Doug Porter
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Find out if your remodeling dreams fit your budget reality.Try the Real Cost Finder 154,303 wood kitchen cabinet doors Home Design Photos
Ideabooks5,380	Questions12	What color are the cabinets appreciate an answer asap. picking out a cabinet color for my new kitchen any day.Can you please tell me what type of wood and stain and/or glaze was used for these cabinets?Absolutely love this kitchen! What type of granite is that?Fabulous kitchen! Love it all. Do you know the size of the windowAre the kitchen cabinets alder wood? and what stain is used on the cabinet.is a good idea, never thought of having them paint a few doors for me. I am buying cabinets to fill the whole house from him, it's a new build.Color of cabinets with tile/stone hahahaWhat did you use to condition the wood?...has hallway behind kitchen, but need...Color Scheme- wood and floor andFloor cabinet color, counter — pitact Embed
Ideabooks14,638	Questions15	the name of the shaker door style? Thanks!The door rails look heavier than most. Are the cabinets Dynasty by Omega?...door style the Renner? ThanksCan you tell me the size of this kitchen.I'm trying to recreate, as I have a similar design. My kitchen is currently& what color? thx very much, great island & kitchen.What are the make/model of the cabinet pulls? Thanks!Where do you get wood slabs like the one on the island? Very interesting. LOVE IT!what is the natural wood sealed with? is it safe forbuilt by Rothwood Cabinets in San Jose, Ca. Both the stiles and rails on these doors are a uniform 2.5" wide.Hi, this kitchen is a bit larger than your dimensions.. it's 15'-3" wide by 19'-7" long.What kind of wood is this?...Does this kitchen have 8 ft. ceilingsLove the island top — ashbyking Embed
Ideabooks4,294	Questions5	what brand of cabinets these are and the color used? Really beautiful!Where do I find more marble top counter height tables for kitchen like this?I'm looking for a kitchen marble top table that is counter height for my kitchen similar to this but long and narrow. I want to know where couldCOuld you tell me the name of the paint color used on the white cabinets? thanks!for our kitchen - on either side of the window??floor to ceiling cabinets with open shelvingLike. 7.5 out of 10 for the cabinet style.While the Saarinen dining table comes in marble, you can also have a vintage wood table updated with a marble top for a new, fresh look.like the glass cabinet doors at the toplove these cabinets, but that may be partly because the ceiling is so high they look so elegant. st — laurelfitzpatrick Embed
Ideabooks11,825	Questions7	ng in the kitchen. An unusual mix of materials reflects the warmth and character of the organic modern design, including red birch cabinets, rare reclaimedthe great room fireplace. A custom 12-foot folding door seamlessly integrates the eat-in kitchen with the three-season porch and deck for dining optionsreclaimed wood details, rich Brazilian cherry floors and a soaring custom-built shiplap cedar entryway. High shelves accessed by a sliding library ladder provideI love he door handle. Do you recall what company manufactures it?the size/dimensions of the entire door set up.This was a custom wood door. Not sure how to recreate it in fiberglas.Where can I find the door?...Who is the maker of the custom door?Front door — 11911 Embed
Ideabooks5,420	Questions10	subway tile back splash, and the floors will be reclaimed wood, how would the color on the cabinets be with that combination?cabinet and wall colour please. Love the cream/blue mix!How would cabinet color look like with black lamite counterHi Angela, nice design. what is the style of cabinet?Where did you get the cabinet pulls/what are the brand/name? Thanks!Thanks for your query - the cabinets were custom designed and fabricated. Angelawhat are the colors of cabinets and wall?Look of cabinets with crown molding not the colorGreat lights when kitchen and nook open upreally limited the cabinet opportunities.’ Now the kitchen is connected to the dining room via a single large entrance.The plentiful cabinets are painted blueColor cabs. Bright kitchen — Morgan Smith Embed
Ideabooks1,173	Questions4	Is the floor wood & what type? Thanks.This is exactly how I want my kitchen to be laid out.Cristal the bottom cabinets wood species is walnut. I selected a rich brown shade that is not as dark as coffee. Keep in mind, that wood stain colors looklook different depending on what species of wood they are put on. As for the top color it is a Benjamin Moore pearlescent paint color in a light pearly offYes, it is a wood floor. It was the flooring selected for use in this highrise as their standardWood cabinets below, white above, wood floorcream cabinets, medium tone wood, similar countertops to the quartzWhat color are the top cabinets?...Cream upper medium brown lower cabinets...Cut out passetout from small kitchenColor combination — klpatrick Embed
Ideabooks2,108	Questions5	What are the dimensions of the island? And, the clearance to the cabinets? Thanks!the upper Florense cabinets acrylic or glass face?like finishes and contrast with cabinet, floorOverhead kitchen cabinet doors - glassWhat kind of cabinet material is it?...The uppers are Florense's Glass doors....BBQ OUTSIDE KITCHEN - LIKE ITbbq — jen45 Embed
Ideabooks2,629	Questions5	farmhouse style kitchen of this Martha's Vineyard cottage. "The room gets fabulous natural light so we could be bold with the cabinets", says ElizabethDoes anyone know what this paint color is on the cabinets?This kitchen is adorable! What are the measurements of the windows and the mullions inyour question. This kitchen was completed some time ago and I am sorry but, I no longer have this information handy.blue cabinets white walls and white side wall to kitchen barThis is a walk-through kitchen with entrances to the outdoors and main portion of the house, and its square shape presented a challenge at first. EliminatingThis kitchen is adorable! What areDark stainless drawer pulls with light stainless appliances. BLUE. — scottandjody Embed

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text:
First Newsletter 10-11B
BrowseUploadSign inJoinBooksAudiobooksComicsSheet MusicWelcome to Scribd! Start your free trial and access books, documents and more.Find out moreHello Parents! The following is a newsletter for our class.I am trying something new this year and since so many of you have access to email I will send it electronically. Please let me know if you would rather receive a print copy, but for now, I am going to try it this week. Please feel free to contact me at Rachel_B_Hellman@mcpsmd.org.
Last Week: This is what we did last week. Please talk with your children about these things! Monday In Whole Group Reading, we read The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn. Chester was nervous about going to school and his mother showed him a special way to feel loved all day. At our Class Meeting, we learned the first Meadow Hall High Five rule: Respect Yourself.
Macky is our first “Teacher” for Class Meeting.
As a follow up to Whole Group Reading We made a “Chester” puppet like the main character in The Kissing Hand. We talked about what a character is. Please use this term when reading with your child at home.
Luisa and Joshua show off their “Chester” puppets!
At our Class Meeting, we learned the second High Five rule: Respect Others. In fine-motor, we learned how to use glue: “Not a lot, just a dot!” We practiced sequencing and concepts of print when we read the rules of hand washing.
We made our first High Five goal!
When a class is doing a great job, any teacher in the school can give that class a High Five! I set a goal and when we reach that goal we get a reward! This time, we needed 10 High Fives and reached our goal in two days! We had a dance party on Thursday to celebrate! Wednesday In Whole Group Reading, we read The Berenstain Bears Go To School and compared our class to Sister Bear’s. At our Class Meeting, we learned the third High Five rule: Respect
Property. In Science, we observed and sketched a summer tree.
Ms. Werner points out a feature of the tree.
Emily and Andre sketch their Summer Tree.
In Writing, we began to play the Name Game. Today, we learned to write Ms. Hellman’s name! We will learn to read & write another person’s name each day.
After lunch we had Independent Reading time. This is a school-wide activity that involved employing a love of reading to our children. Look for more about this as the year goes on! In Math, we began to learn positional words. The first ones we worked on were “top”, “middle” & “bottom”. Please practice these words and their meaning with your at home. Ask them to sing you the “Top, Middle, Bottom” song! In Whole Group Reading, we practiced the Pledge of Allegiance and which hand to place over our hearts. In Whole Group Reading, we read The Monster Who Came to School and wrote our own class rules to follow each day. In Writing, we learned to write Ms. Werner (our LAD teacher next door)’s name! In Math, we graphed the ways that we get to school. Check out our graph outside of our classroom! In Reading, we labeled all of the important places and things in our room, so all students would know where everything belongs. Please work with your children in adding labels to pictures they make to begin to identify the specifics in their work and start using letter sounds. In Writing, we learned to write Ms. Cooper (our LAD assistant next door)’s name! In Math, we practiced the positional words “top”, “middle” & “bottom” by putting stuffed animals on shelves. We also practiced writing 0 and 1 on whiteboards.
Important Dates: Thurs. Sept. 9- NO SCHOOL Fri. Sept. 10- Ice Cream Social! 7-8:30 at MHES
Andre- September 6, 6 years old!
Tues. Sept. 14- NO SCHOOL Fri. Sept. 17- NED Assembly
Macky “hangs out” on the playground!
Andre displays her gorgeous handwriting!
Vanessa reads the Word Wall. New friends Macky, Andre, Kelvin, Joshua and Owen hang out at our dance party.
Owen and Brian read in our Library Corner.
OUTLOOK Reading
The Secret Birthday Message by Eric Carle Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? By Bill Martin Jr. Baby Bear, Baby Bear, What Do You See? By Bill Martin Jr. We’re Going on a Bear Hunt by Michael Rosen Alphabet Adventure By Don and Audrey Wood
Positional Words: top, middle, bottom, above, below, front, behind Graphing, Yes/No Surveys
Etc: Ms. Tanen will come for our first guidance lesson on Friday. Ms. Hellman will not be here on Friday 9/10. Mrs. Hessler, a veteran Kindergarten teacher will be the substitute.
Second Newsletter 10-11bSecond Newsletter 10-11b
First Newsletter 10-11B by Rachel Hellman10 viewsEmbedDownloadRead on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)Download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate contentMore informationShow less
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text:
ch27.pdf | Iso 9000 | Software Quality
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 27 Slide 1
● To introduce the quality management process and
● To explain the role of standards in quality
● To explain the concept of a software metric,
● To explain how measurement may be used in
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 27 Slide 2
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 27 Slide 3
● Concerned with ensuring that the required
level of quality is achieved in a software
● Involves defining appropriate quality
standards and procedures and ensuring that
these are followed.
● Should aim to develop a ‘quality culture’
where quality is seen as everyone’s
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 27 Slide 4
● Quality, simplistically, means that a product should
● This is problematical for software systems
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 27 Slide 5
● We must put quality management procedures into place to improve quality in spite of imperfect specification. 7th edition. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. The quality compromise ● We cannot wait for specifications to improve before paying attention to quality management. Chapter 27 Slide 6 .
The quality documentation is a record of progress and supports continuity of development as the development team changes. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 7 . ● For smaller systems. quality management needs less documentation and should focus on establishing a quality culture. complex systems. Scope of quality management ● Quality management is particularly important for large. 7th edition.
● Quality planning • Select applicable procedures and standards for a particular project and modify these as required. Quality management activities ● Quality assurance • Establish organisational procedures and standards for quality. ● Quality management should be separate from project management to ensure independence. ● Quality control • Ensure that procedures and standards are followed by the software development team. Chapter 27 Slide 8 . ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. 7th edition.
7th edition. Quality management and software development ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 9 .
there is a very complex and poorly understood relationship between software processes and product quality. Chapter 27 Slide 10 . 7th edition. ● This is important in software development as some product quality attributes are hard to assess. Process and product quality ● The quality of a developed product is influenced by the quality of the production process. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. ● However.
● More complex for software because: • The application of individual skills and experience is particularly imporant in software development. • External factors such as the novelty of an application or the need for an accelerated development schedule may impair product quality.these could reduce rather than improve the product quality. Process-based quality ● There is a straightforward link between process and product in manufactured goods. Chapter 27 Slide 11 . ● Care must be taken not to impose inappropriate process standards . ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. 7th edition.
Process-based quality ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 12 . 7th edition.
Chapter 27 Slide 13 . 7th edition. ● Don’t use inappropriate practices simply because standards have been established. ● Report on the process to project management and software procurer. Practical process quality ● Define process standards such as how reviews should be conducted. configuration management. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. etc. ● Monitor the development process to ensure that standards are being followed.
Quality assurance and standards ● Standards are the key to effective quality management. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. ● Product standards define characteristics that all components should exhibit e. 7th edition.g. organizational or project standards. Chapter 27 Slide 14 . ● Process standards define how the software process should be enacted. national. ● They may be international. a common programming style.
new staff can understand the organisation by understanding the standards that are used. Chapter 27 Slide 15 . ● They are a framework for quality assurance processes .avoids repetition of past mistakes. ● They provide continuity . ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. 7th edition.they involve checking compliance to standards. Importance of standards ● Encapsulation of best practice.
7th edition. Chapter 27 Slide 16 . Product and process standards Product standards Process standards Design review form Design review conduct Requirements document structure Submission of documents to CM Method header format Version release process Java programming style Project plan approval process Project plan format Change control process Change request form Test recording process ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering.
● If they are unsupported by software tools. tedious manual work is often involved to maintain the documentation associated with the standards. Chapter 27 Slide 17 . ● They often involve too much bureaucratic form filling. Problems with standards ● They may not be seen as relevant and up-to- date by software engineers. 7th edition. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering.
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Excessive clerical work is the most significant complaint against standards. ● Review standards and their usage regularly. ● Detailed standards should have associated tool support. Chapter 27 Slide 18 . Standards can quickly become outdated and this reduces their credibility amongst practitioners. Standards development ● Involve practitioners in development. Engineers should understand the rationale underlying a standard. 7th edition.
develop and maintain products. ● Applicable to a range of organisations from manufacturing to service industries. Chapter 27 Slide 19 . 7th edition. ISO 9000 ● An international set of standards for quality management. ● ISO 9001 applicable to organisations which design. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. ● ISO 9001 is a generic model of the quality process that must be instantiated for each organisation using the standard.
packaging and Purchasing delivery Purchaser-supplied products Product identification and traceability Process control Inspection and testing Inspection and test equipment Inspection and test status Contract review Corrective action Document control Quality records Internal quality audits Training Servicing Statistical techniques ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. storage. Chapter 27 Slide 20 . 7th edition. ISO 9001 Management responsibility Quality system Control of non-conforming products Design control Handling.
ISO 9000 certification ● Quality standards and procedures should be documented in an organisational quality manual. ● An external body may certify that an organisation’s quality manual conforms to ISO 9000 standards. 7th edition. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. ● Some customers require suppliers to be ISO 9000 certified although the need for flexibility here is increasingly recognised. Chapter 27 Slide 21 .
7th edition.ISO 9000 and quality management ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 22 .
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. structure.documents are the tangible manifestation of the software. validated and maintained. and appearance. ● Documentation process standards • Concerned with how documents should be developed. Chapter 27 Slide 23 . ● Document interchange standards • Concerned with the compatibility of electronic documents. Documentation standards ● Particularly important . ● Document standards • Concerned with document contents. 7th edition.
Chapter 27 Slide 24 . 7th edition. Documentation process ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering.
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 25 . use of logos. ● Document presentation standards • Define fonts and styles. ● Document structure standards • Standard structure for project documents. ● Document update standards • Define how changes from previous versions are reflected in a document. 7th edition. Document standards ● Document identification standards • How documents are uniquely identified. etc.
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. 7th edition. etc. use of style sheets and macros. Chapter 27 Slide 26 . Even when standard tools are used. The lifetime of word processing systems may be much less than the lifetime of the software being documented. Document interchange standards ● Interchange standards allow electronic documents to be exchanged. An archiving standard may be defined to ensure that the document can be accessed in future. ● Need for archiving. mailed.g. standards are needed to define conventions for their use e. ● Documents are produced using different systems and on different computers.
● The quality plan should define the quality assessment process. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. where necessary. define new standards to be used. Chapter 27 Slide 27 . Quality planning ● A quality plan sets out the desired product qualities and how these are assessed and defines the most significant quality attributes. ● It should set out which organisational standards should be applied and. 7th edition.
Chapter 27 Slide 28 . • Risks and risk management. 7th edition. no-one will read them. • Quality goals. Quality plans ● Quality plan structure • Product introduction. succinct documents • If they are too long. • Process descriptions. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. ● Quality plans should be short. • Product plans.
Software quality attributes Safety Understandability Portability Security Testability Usability Reliability Adaptability Reusability Resilience Modularity Efficiency Robustness Complexity Learnability ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 29 . 7th edition.
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Quality control ● This involves checking the software development process to ensure that procedures and standards are being followed. • Automated software assessment and software measurement. 7th edition. ● There are two approaches to quality control • Quality reviews. Chapter 27 Slide 30 .
• Quality reviews (product and standards). Chapter 27 Slide 31 . • Reviews for progress assessment (product and process). Quality reviews ● This is the principal method of validating the quality of a process or of a product. 7th edition. ● A group examines part or all of a process or system and its documentation to find potential problems. ● There are different types of review with different objectives • Inspections for defect removal (product). ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering.
Chapter 27 Slide 32 . Progress reviews To provide information for management about the overall progress of the project. code or documentation and to ensure that defined quality standards have been followed. design or code. Quality reviews To carry out a t echnical analysis of product components or documentation to find mismatches between the specification and the component design. Types of review Review type Principal purpose Design or program To detect detailed errors in the requirements. plans and schedules. This is b oth a process and a product review and is concerned with costs. 7th edition. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. A checklist of inspections possible errors should drive the review.
©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. specifications. can all be reviewed. test plans. Chapter 27 Slide 33 . 7th edition. Quality reviews ● A group of people carefully examine part or all of a software system and its associated documentation. designs. etc. ● Code. ● Software or documents may be 'signed off' at a review which signifies that progress to the next development stage has been approved by management. standards.
Chapter 27 Slide 34 .they are part of the general quality management process. ● Project management function . ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Review functions ● Quality function .they provide information for project managers. 7th edition. ● Training and communication function - product knowledge is passed between development team members.
7th edition. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. ● Records should always be maintained of quality reviews. Quality reviews ● The objective is the discovery of system defects and inconsistencies. ● Any documents produced in the process may be reviewed. ● Review teams should be relatively small and reviews should be fairly short. Chapter 27 Slide 35 .
Chapter 27 Slide 36 . 7th edition. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. No change to the software or documentation is required. Some overall judgement must be made about the most cost-effective way of solving the problem. ● Requirements and specification errors may have to be referred to the client. Designer or programmer should correct an identified fault. • Reconsider overall design. • Refer for repair. The problem identified in the review impacts other parts of the design. Review results ● Comments made during the review should be classified • No action.
● This allows for objective comparisons between techniques and processes.Software measurement and metrics ● Software measurement is concerned with deriving a numeric value for an attribute of a software product or process. Chapter 27 Slide 37 . ● There are few established standards in this area. most organisations still don’t make systematic use of software measurement. ● Although some companies have introduced measurement programmes. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. 7th edition.
Software metric ● Any type of measurement which relates to a software system. ● Product metrics can be used for general predictions or to identify anomalous components. the Fog index. ● May be used to predict product attributes or to control the software process. ● Allow the software and the software process to be quantified. Chapter 27 Slide 38 . number of person-days required to develop a component. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. process or related documentation • Lines of code in a program. 7th edition.
Predictor and control metrics ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 39 . 7th edition.
● The relationship exists between what we can measure and what we want to know. We can only measure internal attributes but are often more interested in external software attributes. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 40 . Metrics assumptions ● A software property can be measured. ● It may be difficult to relate what can be measured to desirable external quality attributes. 7th edition. ● This relationship has been formalised and validated.
Internal and external attributes ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 41 . 7th edition.
The measurement process ● A software measurement process may be part of a quality control process. 7th edition. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 42 . ● Once a measurement database has been established. comparisons across projects become possible. ● Data collected during this process should be maintained as an organisational resource.
Chapter 27 Slide 43 . Product measurement process ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. 7th edition.
automatically. ● Three types of automatic data collection • Static product analysis. 7th edition. • Dynamic product analysis. • Process data collation. ● Data should be collected immediately (not in retrospect) and. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. if possible. Data collection ● A metrics programme should be based on a set of product and process data. Chapter 27 Slide 44 .
● Tell people why the data is being collected. Chapter 27 Slide 45 . ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. 7th edition. ● Don’t rely on memory • Collect data when it is generated not after a project has finished. • It should not be part of personnel evaluation. Data accuracy ● Don’t collect unnecessary data • The questions to be answered should be decided in advance and the required data identified.
7th edition. understandability and maintainability. • Static metrics which are collected by measurements made of the system representations. Product metrics ● A quality metric should be a predictor of product quality. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. ● Classes of product metric • Dynamic metrics which are collected by measurements made of a program in execution. static metrics help assess complexity. Chapter 27 Slide 46 . • Dynamic metrics help assess efficiency and reliability.
7th edition. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Dynamic and static metrics ● Dynamic metrics are closely related to software quality attributes • It is relatively easy to measure the response time of a system (performance attribute) or the number of failures (reliability attribute). understandability and maintainability. Chapter 27 Slide 47 . ● Static metrics have an indirect relationship with quality attributes • You need to try and derive a relationship between these metrics and properties such as complexity.
I discuss how to compute cyclomatic complexity in Chapter 22. Depth of conditional This is a measure of the depth of nesting of if-statements in a program. Length of code has been shown to be one of the most reliable metrics for predicting error- proneness in components. Fan-out is the number of functions that are called by function X. A high value for fan-out suggests that the overall complexity of X m ay be high because of the complexity of the control logic needed to coordinate the called components. Length of code This is a measure of the size of a program. Software product metrics Software metric Description Fan in/Fan-out Fan-in is a measure of the number of functions or methods that call some other function or method (say X). 7th edition. This control complexity may be related to program understandability. Deeply nested if nesting statements are hard to understand and are potentially error-prone. The higher the value for the Fog index. the more likely they are to be m eaningful and hence the more understandable the program. the more difficult the document is to understand. A high value for fan-in means that X i s tightly coupled to the rest of the design and changes to X will have extensive knock-on effects. The longer the identifiers. Length of identifiers This is a measure of the average length of distinct identifiers in a p rogram. the larger the size of the code of a component. Cyclomatic complexity This is a m easure of the control complexity of a p rogram. the more complex and error-prone that component is likely to be. Fog index This is a measure of the average length of words and sentences in documents. Generally. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 48 .
The larger the value for this metric. the more complex the object class. a simple method may have a complexity of 1 and a large and complex method a much higher value. Object-oriented metrics Object-oriented Description metric Depth of inheritance This represents the number of discrete levels in the inheritance tree where sub- tree classes inherit attributes and operations (methods) from super-classes. Weighted methods This is the number of methods that are included in a class weighted by the per class complexity of each method. Complex objects are more likely to be more difficult to understand. However. Therefore. Chapter 27 Slide 49 . The deeper the inheritance tree. 7th edition. Many different object classes may have to be understood to understand the object classes at the leaves of the tree. the more complex the design. it may be appropriate to make a distinction between calls from other methods within the object and calls from external methods. Method fan-in/fan. A high value for this metric indicates that the super-class used may not be operations an appropriate parent for the sub-class. Number of This is the number of operations in a super-class that are over-ridden in a sub- overriding class. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. They may not be logically cohesive so cannot be reused effectively as super-classes in an inheritance tree. This is directly related to fan-in and fan-out as described above and means out essentially the same thing.
Measurement analysis ● It is not always obvious what data means • Analysing collected data is very difficult. Chapter 27 Slide 50 . ● Professional statisticians should be consulted if available. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. 7th edition. ● Data analysis must take local circumstances into account.
Measurement surprises ● Reducing the number of faults in a program leads to an increased number of help desk calls • The program is now thought of as more reliable and so has a wider more diverse market. 7th edition. • A more reliable system is used in a different way from a system where users work around the faults. Chapter 27 Slide 51 . ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. The percentage of users who call the help desk may have decreased but the total may increase. This leads to more help desk calls.
7th edition. ● Software standards are an encapsulation of best practice. Chapter 27 Slide 52 . ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Key points ● Software quality management is concerned with ensuring that software meets its required standards. ● Reviews are the most widely used approach for assessing software quality. ● Quality assurance procedures should be documented in an organisational quality manual.
7th edition. Key points ● Software measurement gathers information about both the software process and the software product. ● There are no standardised and universally applicable software metrics. ● Product quality metrics should be used to identify potentially problematical components. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering. Chapter 27 Slide 53 .
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List of mayors of the 50 largest cities in the United States - Wikipedia
Find sources: "List of mayors of the 50 largest cities in the United States" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This is a list of mayors of the 50 largest cities in the United States. The cities are ordered by population, as of July 1, 2015, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau.[1] These 50 cities have a combined population of 49.6 million, or 15% of the national population.
Note that in some states, mayors are officially elected on a non-partisan basis; however, their party affiliation or preference is generally known, and where it is known it is shown in the list below.
The current breakdown of mayoral political parties is currently 33 Democrats, 14 Republicans, and 3 Independents (all elected with state Democratic support).
(July 1, 2017 est.)
Democratic New York City New York 8,622,698 January 1, 2014 Mayor-council List
Democratic Los Angeles California 3,999,759 July 1, 2013 Mayor-council List
Democratic Chicago Illinois 2,716,450 May 20, 2019 Mayor-council List
Democratic Houston Texas 2,312,717 January 2, 2016 Mayor-council List
Democratic Phoenix Arizona 1,626,078 March 21, 2019 Council-manager List
Democratic Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1,580,863 January 4, 2016 Mayor-council List
Independent San Antonio Texas 1,511,946 June 21, 2017 Council-manager List
Republican San Diego California 1,419,516 March 3, 2014 Mayor-council List
Democratic Dallas Texas 1,341,075 June 27, 2011 Council-manager List
Democratic San Jose California 1,035,317 January 1, 2015 Council-manager List
Democratic Austin Texas 950,715 January 6, 2015 Council-manager List
Republican Jacksonville Florida 892,062 July 1, 2015 Mayor-council List
Democratic San Francisco California 884,363 July 11, 2018 Mayor-council List
Democratic Columbus Ohio 879,170 January 1, 2016 Mayor-council List
Republican Fort Worth Texas 874,168 July 12, 2011 Council-manager List
Democratic Indianapolis Indiana 863,002 January 1, 2016 Mayor-council List
Democratic Charlotte North Carolina 859,035 December 4, 2017 Council-manager List
Democratic Seattle Washington 724,745 November 28, 2017 Mayor-council List
Democratic Denver Colorado 704,621 July 18, 2011 Mayor-council List
Democratic Washington District of Columbia 693,972 January 2, 2015 Mayor-council List
Democratic Boston Massachusetts 685,094 January 6, 2014 Mayor-council List
Republican El Paso Texas 683,587 June 26, 2017 Council-manager List
Democratic Detroit Michigan 673,104 January 1, 2014 Mayor-council List
Democratic Nashville Tennessee 667,560 March 6, 2018 Mayor-council List
Democratic Memphis Tennessee 652,236 January 1, 2016 Mayor-council List
Democratic Portland Oregon 647,805 January 1, 2017 Commission List
Republican Oklahoma City Oklahoma 643,648 April 10, 2018 Council-manager List
Independent Las Vegas Nevada 641,676 July 6, 2011 Council-manager List
Democratic Louisville Kentucky 621,349 January 3, 2011 Mayor-council List
Democratic Baltimore Maryland 611,648 April 2, 2019 Mayor-council List
Democratic Milwaukee Wisconsin 595,351 April 15, 2004 Mayor-council List
Democratic Albuquerque New Mexico 558,545 December 1, 2017 Council-manager List
Democratic Tucson Arizona 535,611 December 5, 2011 Council-manager List
Republican Fresno California 527,438 January 3, 2017 Mayor-council List
Democratic Sacramento California 501,901 December 13, 2016 Council-manager List
Republican Mesa Arizona 496,401 September 18, 2014 Council-manager List
Democratic Kansas City Missouri 488,943 May 2, 2011 Council-manager List
Democratic Atlanta Georgia 486,290 January 2, 2018 Mayor-council List
Democratic Long Beach California 469,450 July 15, 2014 Council-manager List
Republican Omaha Nebraska 466,893 June 10, 2013 Mayor-council List
Independent Raleigh North Carolina 464,758 December 5, 2011 Council-manager List
Republican Colorado Springs Colorado 464,474 June 2, 2015 Mayor-council
Republican Miami Florida 463,347 November 15, 2017 Mayor-council List
Republican Virginia Beach Virginia 450,435 November 20, 2018 Council-manager List
Democratic Oakland California 425,195 January 5, 2015 Mayor-council List
Democratic Minneapolis Minnesota 422,331 January 2, 2018 Mayor-council List
Republican Tulsa Oklahoma 401,800 December 5, 2016 Mayor-council List
Republican Arlington Texas 396,394 May 26, 2015 Council-manager List
Democratic New Orleans Louisiana 393,292 May 7, 2018 Mayor-council List
Republican Wichita Kansas 390,591 April 13, 2015 Council-manager List
^ "American FactFinder – Results". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_mayors_of_the_50_largest_cities_in_the_United_States&oldid=898133503"
This page was last edited on 21 May 2019, at 16:09 (UTC).


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Digital DJ licensing - Wikipedia
Find sources: "Digital DJ licensing" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A vinyl emulation software setup, for the use of which a digital DJ licence is required in some countries if used publicly.
A digital DJ licence is required in some countries, including the United Kingdom,[1] Finland,[2] Canada, Belgium and Italy, to publicly play digital copies of copyrighted music. The licence allows a DJ to copy music from original CDs, vinyl or other media, to a computer's hard drive, an MP3 player or other digital audio players, for example to be used with a vinyl emulation software program, or in some cases to other digital media, such as CD-R or MiniDisc. In the countries where digital DJ licensing is used, the licence is also required for playing music originally bought and downloaded directly on to a computer, usually in MP3 or similar format, unless the licence of the online music store explicitly allows the public performance of the downloaded tracks.[3]
1 Reasons for licensing
2 Licensing by country
2.1 Licensing in the UK
2.2 Licensing in Finland
2.3 Licensing in Canada
Reasons for licensing[edit]
Licensing in the UK[edit]
In the UK, a licence must be obtained from the Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL), or one of its dubbing operators, and from the Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society (MCPS).[4] In 2006, The PPL created a licence that allowed a DJ to use up to 20,000 songs and keep backup copies of these on a separate hard drive.[5] The licence did not allow the recording of live DJ mixes, or burning music on to a CD. Furthermore, editing or altering of the original recording was not permitted. The PPL licence had to be renewed yearly, and cost £200 plus value added tax (VAT) per year. PPL did not announce how the use of the digital DJ licensing was going to be enforced or supervised, other than by advertising the need for the licence and discouraging venues from hiring unlicensed DJs, under threat of "trouble with the law".[6] In addition to this, the DJ also needed to acquire a separate licence from the MCPS.
In 2008, PPL and MCPS created a joined licence, named ProDub licence, which covers the licensing for both organisations. The new licensing scheme is tiered: tier 1 costing £250 including VAT, and allowing the copying of up to 5,000 songs, up to tier 4 which costs £400 including VAT and allows the copying of up to 20,000 songs. This licensing system differs from the previous one in that it's not a form of leasing, and the songs copied under this licence may be kept indefinitely. Furthermore, if the whole quota is not used, the remaining amount may be transferred to the next year, provided the licence is renewed.[1] This licence also allows a backup to be kept, but does not permit the copying of music on to a CD-R, only allowing copies to hard drives of computers or other digital audio players. Also, it is required for the DJ to own the original media, and copies made from CDs borrowed from a library or another source are not allowed. The licensors keep a database searchable by surname to allow venues and other organisers to verify that their performers comply with the appropriate copyright laws.[2] It should however be noted that DJs playing original CDs and vinyls are legally allowed to do so without any licences on their part, and are not listed in the database. MCPS does not require the licensees to report the songs used, but they are required to keep some form of a record of the copies made, that may be requested by the MCPS to be sent to them and/or allow them to verify the records. This form of licensing is similar to the previous model in the sense that it does not allow live DJ mixes to be recorded.
Licensing in Finland[edit]
In Finland, a licence must be obtained from both Teosto and Gramex, the Finnish organisations which protect the intellectual properties of composers and performers, respectively. The costs vary based on the amount of digital copies desired. The total cost of both licences combined ranges from approximately €280 for 1-300 songs to €600 for up to 3,000 songs, prices including VAT. The licences from both Teosto and Gramex are valid for a year. The Finnish licensing system does not permit backup copies of any kind, and having two copies of any particular song is considered the same as having two different songs; thus, both are deducted from the amount allowed by the license. The licence does not discern between different target mediums, and music may be copied to any format. Usage of the licence is enforced by random inspections by Teosto's inspectors. Punishments for lacking a licence range from warnings to fines and reimbursements to copyright holders. DJs in Finland using the licence are required by Teosto to submit reports of the songs used "upon request".[3] Gramex does not require such reports for licences for fewer than 3,000 songs.
Licensing in Canada[edit]
In Canada a DJ licence for the reproduction of sound recordings for the purpose of public performance can be obtained from the AVLA Audio-Video Licensing Agency Inc. (AVLA). DJ licences can also be obtained through three national DJ associations, the Canadian Professional Disc Jockey Association Inc. (CPDJA), the Canadian Disc Jockey Association (CDJA), and Canadian Alliance of Professional Entertainers (CAPE). All of these organisations have an agreement with AVLA which permits them to distribute and administer DJ licences to their membership. Both the AVLA and the national DJ associations maintain online databases for consumer confirmation of licensed status.
This is an annual licence that costs approximately $350.00 (CAD). Copied sound recordings under the licence are not permitted to be used unless the annual licence is renewed. Licences are available through membership in the AVLA licensed national DJ associations at a lower cost and are included in national DJ association membership fees. Compliance with licensing requirements may be monitored through random inspections. Performing Rights in respect of sound recordings and musical works is handled by RE: Sound (on behalf of sound recording makers and performers) and SOCAN – the Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada (on behalf of authors and composers). Performing rights are paid by the venue rather than the DJ.
The licensing system has been criticised by DJs as being unfair and overly expensive. The major points of criticism are the double charges for copying music from an original CD to a hard drive (first buying the CD and then paying for the licence to make a copy), and the unintuitive differentiating between downloaded music and music bought on a physical medium, since the reasoning for allowing the latter to be played, but not the former is that digital downloads are only licensed for private use, but this is also the case for most CDs. Why the venue's licence to play music covers the physical mediums but not digital ones is unclear.[7]
1.^ "The annual digital DJ licence ... will, for the first time, allow DJs legally to copy sound recordings onto a computer for use when DJing in clubs, pubs and other venues", from PPL launch digital DJ licence
2.^ "DJ-toimintaa ammatikseen harjoittava henkilö voi tehdä Teosto/NCB:n kanssa vuosisopimuksen, joka kattaa Teosto/NCB:n edustaman musiikin luvallisen kopioimisen", translation: "A professional DJ may make an annual contract with Teosto/NCB, which will allow the legal copying of music represented by Teosto/NCB", from Teosto's licensing terms
3.^ "This includes legally-purchased downloads, which are normally licensed only for personal use, as well as copies of tracks from records or CDs", from Digital DJs 'unaware of copy law'
4.^ "All DJs (based in the UK and Channel Islands) who transfer their music collection from vinyl or CD to MP3 or other digital format must hold a valid ProDub licence", from Does Your DJ Require the MCPS-PRS ProDub Licence?
5.^ "The licence will allow DJs to copy up to 20,000 tracks and will also allow DJs to keep a back up database of their digital copies on a separate computer", from PPL launch digital DJ licence
6.^ "Venues would be urged to check DJs were licensed before hiring them and those who turned a blind eye could also find themselves in trouble with the law", from Digital DJs 'unaware of copy law'
7.^ "When you purchase recordings, for example CDs from a record store or downloads from a legitimate online music service, you are only buying the right to listen to these recordings for private and domestic uses.", from ProDub FAQs
^ "ProDub FAQs". Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
^ "Licensed Customers". ProDub. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
^ http://www.djorion.fi/2010/11/teostoa-tapaamassa-osa-2/
"PPL launch digital DJ licence". 2005-09-01. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
"Digital DJ licensing terms from Gramex". Retrieved 2009-01-29.
"Digital DJ licensing terms from Teosto". Archived from the original on October 7, 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
"Digital DJs 'unaware of copy law'". BBC News. 2006-01-13. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
"Pay to Play – your digital rights?". Retrieved 2009-01-29.
"Does Your DJ Require the MCPS-PRS ProDub Licence?". Retrieved 2009-01-29.
"www.digitaldj.co.uk FAQ". Archived from the original on 2008-12-26. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
"MCPS and PPL create Professional Dubbing licence". 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
Teosto, the Finnish composers' copyright society
Gramex, the Finnish musicians and producers' copyright organisation
PPL, the British music licensing organisation
MCPS/PRS for music
ProDub website
ProDub licence terms & conditions
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_DJ_licensing&oldid=928255505"


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About Tom G. Palmer
This analysis is from a very insightful analyst, Chandra Bhan Prasad, and it deals with the impact of free-market reforms on Dalit people, who have suffered at the very bottom...
The post Another BIG Problem with Piketty’s Approach: India appeared first on Tom G. Palmer.
Populist anti-libertarian politics rising
“The rise of the illiberal international is only just beginning. So is the long and arduous fight against it.” http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/the_good_fight/2017/10/andrej_babis_the_czech_republic_has_a_trump_of_its_own.html
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I don’t follow football or other sports, but this is a really fine essay. It’s even numerate and full of sound statistical inferences. http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/what-liberals-get-wrong-about-football.html
The post The Case for Football appeared first on Tom G. Palmer.
For anyone who still believes that elements of the pro-Trump American Right were not advancing “white nationalists” — and being infiltrated by them, read this. You may feel like you...
The post An Insidious Threat to Liberty: Right-Wing Collectivism appeared first on Tom G. Palmer.
Gun Control and Magic
When you discover there is no Santa Clause. (It turns out that Mom and Dad worked hard to earn money for presents…and food and a home and everything else.) https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/i-used-to-think-gun-control-was-the-answer-my-research-told-me-otherwise/2017/10/03/d33edca6-a851-11e7-92d1-58c702d2d975_story.html
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The Demonization of Soros
This essay in the Financial Times is spot on. Well put. I do not always agree with him and frequently robustly disagree, but the global assault on him by authoritarian...
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The post “Economic Nationalism” = “Special Interests” appeared first on Tom G. Palmer.
TrumPutin: Creating Divisions
The key is that the Kremlin’s ads were promoting both sides of very divisive issues. Like Trump, they seek to divide and crash civil societies, setting groups against groups, fanning...
The post TrumPutin: Creating Divisions appeared first on Tom G. Palmer.
My interview on populism vs. (classical) liberalism in the French magazine Contrepoints: https://www.contrepoints.org/2017/09/20/298869-interview-de-tom-g-palmer-face-populisme-rationalite-liberaux
The post Illiberal Populism on the March appeared first on Tom G. Palmer.
The Cold Evil of the Alt-Right
The coldly evil vision of the Alt-Right. “We will have a Europe, in 2050, where the bank notes have Adolf Hitler, Napoleon Bonaparte, Alexander the Great. And Hitler will be...
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Books By Tom G. Palmer
The Morality of Capitalism: What Your Professors Won't Tell You Jul 19, 2016
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After the Welfare State: Politicians Stole Your Future, You Can Get It Back Jul 19, 2016
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Realizing Freedom:Libertarina Theory.History and Practice (Chinese Edition)
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Frequencies of HLA-A2 alleles in five U.S. population groups. Predominance Of A*02011 and identification of HLA-A*0231. - PubMed - NCBI
Format: AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend toChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 10689125FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowHum Immunol. 2000 Mar;61(3):334-40.Frequencies of HLA-A2 alleles in five U.S. population groups. Predominance Of A*02011 and identification of HLA-A*0231.Ellis JM1, Henson V, Slack R, Ng J, Hartzman RJ, Katovich Hurley C.Author information1Department of Microbiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.AbstractDirect DNA sequencing was used to determine the frequency of alleles within the HLA-A2 family in five US population groups. The most frequently detected HLA-A2 allele in all groups was HLA-A*02011. Caucasian and Native American populations appear to be the most homogeneous exhibiting 95.7% and 94.3% A*02011, respectively. Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander populations were the most allelicly diverse populations with 9 and 7 different HLA-A2 alleles present, respectively, but the majority of the populations were HLA-A*02011. African-Americans were also diverse, not in the number of alleles seen, but in the percentage of non-A*02011 alleles in the population. HLA-A*0202 (25.8%) and A*0205 (12.9%) were present in a large percentage of African-Americans. Only 13 of the 31 known HLA-A2 alleles were observed in the study. The allelic distributions reflected statistically significant differences among population groups.PMID: 10689125 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] SharePublication Types, MeSH Terms, SubstancesPublication TypesComparative StudyResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.MeSH TermsAfrican AmericansAllelesAmino Acid SequenceAsian AmericansEthnic Groups/genetics*Gene Frequency*HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics*Hispanic AmericansHumansIndians, North AmericanMolecular Sequence DataPhenotypeUnited StatesSubstancesHLA-A2 AntigenLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesElsevier ScienceOther Literature SourcesCited by Patents in - The LensPubMed Commons home