text:
Leading cases done into English (eBook, 1877) [WorldCat.org]
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60719166
Title: Leading cases done into English
Publisher: London : Macmillan, 1877.
OCLC:60719166
(OCoLC)15697733
60719166
"Reprinted from the Pall Mall gazette."In verse.Reproduction of original from Harvard Law School Library.
by an apprentice of Lincoln's Inn.
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Leading cases done into English/Frederick Pollock, Sir; London : Macmillan, 1877.

value: This website is a union catalog that itemizes the collections of 15,637 libraries in 107 countries that participate in the OCLC global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc.


text:
Patent US6534106 - Process for molding frozen ice confectionery compositions into articles - Google Patents
Molded ice confectionery articles are prepared by delivering a hard ice confectionery composition to a metering device chamber under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, keeping the composition in the device chamber under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and metering the composition...http://www.google.com/patents/US6534106?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6534106 - Process for molding frozen ice confectionery compositions into articles
Publication number US6534106 B2
Application number US 09/310,390
Also published as CA2268350A1, CN1103546C, CN1236561A, DE69924665D1, DE69924665T2, US6543248, US20010009097, US20020018833
Publication number 09310390, 310390, US 6534106 B2, US 6534106B2, US-B2-6534106, US6534106 B2, US6534106B2
Inventors Philip Igor Cathenaut, Bruno Delande
Patent Citations (29), Referenced by (24), Classifications (14), Legal Events (5)
Process for molding frozen ice confectionery compositions into articles
US 6534106 B2
Molded ice confectionery articles are prepared by delivering a hard ice confectionery composition to a metering device chamber under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, keeping the composition in the device chamber under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and metering the composition from the composition from the device chamber under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure into a mold member positioned in an environment for freezing the composition metered into the mold member for obtaining a molded frozen article. So operating allows the composition delivered to the device chamber to have a percentage of frozen water to total water of at least 50%.
1. A process for preparing a molded ice confectionery article comprising:
preparing a frozen ice confectionery composition in a solidifying environment;
continuously feeding the frozen ice confectionery composition at a temperature of −6° C. to −7° C. from the solidifying environment into a hopper;
conveying a compressed gas into the hopper to maintain the frozen ice confectionery in the hopper at greater than atmospheric pressure;
delivering the pressurized frozen ice confectionery composition from the hopper into a metering device to measure a predetermined volume of the frozen ice confectionery composition;
filling a mold with the predetermined volume of the frozen confectionery composition and maintaining the composition in a frozen condition in the mold; and
maintaining the frozen ice confectionery composition under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure from the hopper through to filling the mold, wherein the frozen ice confectionery composition contains a plurality of inclusions comprising at least one of dried fruit pieces, candied fruit, chocolate pieces, fondant pieces, caramel pieces, or biscuit pieces.
2. A process for preparing a molded ice confectionery article comprising:
filling a mold with the predetermined volume of the frozen ice confectionery composition and maintaining the composition in a frozen condition in the mold; and
maintaining the frozen ice confectionery composition under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure while filling the mold.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein the pressurized frozen ice confectionery composition delivered to the metering device comprises at least 50% frozen water.
4. The process of claim 3, wherein the frozen ice confectionery composition comprises 50% to 70% frozen water.
5. A process for preparing a molded ice confectionery article comprising:
continuously feeding the frozen ice confectionery composition from the solidifying environment into a hopper, wherein the frozen ice confectionery composition comprises at least 50% by weight frozen water;
maintaining the frozen ice confectionery composition under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure through filling the mold.
6. The process of claim 2 or 5, wherein the frozen ice confectionery composition is under a pressure of 1.5 bar to less than 2 bar.
7. The process of claim 2 or 5, wherein the frozen ice confectionery composition is force-fed via pressure from the hopper to the metering device.
8. The process of claim 7, which further comprises force-feeding the frozen ice confectionery composition by a mixer within the hopper.
9. The process of claim 2 or 5, wherein the compressed gas comprises air.
10. The process of claim 2 or 5, wherein the frozen ice confectionery composition contains a plurality of inclusions comprising at least one of dried fruit pieces, candied fruit, chocolate pieces, fondant pieces, caramel pieces, or biscuit pieces.
11. The process of claim 2 or 5, wherein the solidifying environment comprises a freezer.
12. The process of claim 2 or 5, wherein the filling comprises spraying the composition into the mold with a nozzle.
13. The process of claim 2 or 5, wherein the hopper is sealed.
14. The process of claim 5, wherein the frozen ice confectionery is ice cream.
The present invention relates to preparation of frozen confectionery articles and more particularly to procedures for preparing the articles with a moulding procedure and particularly to delivering a confectionery substance to moulds for moulding into frozen articles.
Small frozen confectionery sticks are manufactured on an industrial scale by means of moulding or by means of extrusion.
When extrusion is employed, a sausage shape of plastic consistency, which is relatively hard at a temperature of the order of −6° C. to −7° C., is extruded vertically at the exit from a freezer and then cut into sections. Extrusion gives the products a fine, less crystallized texture than that of moulded products. The fine texture obtained by means of extrusion is largely due to the freezing conditions in a freezer and, in particular, to the freezing temperature at the exit from the freezer. That is to say, the lower the temperature, fewer large crystals are formed. This means that the faster the freezing, the smaller the ice crystals and the finer the texture. In a freezer, freezing speed is at its maximum thanks to mixing and to the continual scraping of the wall which allow accelerated freezing of the water. A drawback of this method is that the shape of the extruded products is limited.
The freezing of a liquid composition to be frozen by means of moulding through simple thermal conduction in a mould immersed in a refrigerating solution is slower and leads to the formation of considerably larger crystals. In this process, the composition to be frozen is always metered out in the liquid state into moulds with a view to guaranteeing satisfactory filling and to preventing the creation of air pockets, and its temperature is of the order of −2° C. to −3° C. The proportion of frozen water is low and most of the process of freezing the product takes place in the moulds. This explains the presence of a coarser, more crystallized texture, owing to an increase in the size of the crystals.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,245, for example, describes an apparatus for multi-track manufacturing short frozen sticks by means of moulding, in which rows of cells are simultaneously filled with a metered quantity of liquid composition to be frozen from distribution hoppers associated with volumetric metering devices comprising-cylinders constituting metering chambers in which the liquid is successively aspirated and then expelled by means of metering pistons. After this filling operation, the cells travel in a refrigerating liquid so that the articles are frozen. As the composition to be frozen is liquid, the mere drop in pressure created by the displacement of the piston in its chamber allows perfect filling of the cylinders. Thus, identical filling of the cylinders allows the simultaneous metering of an identical volume into the moulds for all the tracks.
The object of the present invention is to provide moulded products of which the quality is similar to that obtained previously in the case only of extruded products by metering a hard ice confectionery composition under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure into a mould.
The invention thus provides a process for moulding frozen confectionery in which containers passing through a solidifying environment are filled with a predetermined volume of composition by means of a volumetric metering device connected to a distribution hopper, the metering device comprising a metering chamber which is filled with composition in the aspiration phase and a metering element which expels the predetermined volume of composition from the chamber in the metering phase, and which is characterized in that a hard ice confectionery composition is metered out whilst being kept under pressure upstream of the metering element and in that the distribution hopper, which is kept under pressure, allows a continuous supply to the metering chamber so as to fill the moulds without the formation of air pockets.
In the context of the present invention, a hard ice confectionery composition is an ice cream, which may be a frozen cream, a milk ice, or a water ice, which may or may not be aerated, and the term “hard ice confectionery composition” is used below to refer to such compositions without distinction. In the present invention, the hard ice confectionery ice composition is prepared in and emerges from a freezer at a temperature of from −6° C. to −7° C. Its texture is firmer than a conventional liquid composition to be frozen and it has a percentage of frozen water relative to the total water of the recipe of 50% or more, particularly 50 to 70%, depending on the composition of the mixture to be frozen. The hard confectionery composition, particularly an ice cream, may contain inclusions such as, for example, pieces of dried or candied fruit, pieces of jelly or fondant, crunchy pieces, sauce, caramel pieces, or pieces of chocolate or biscuit.
The process of the present invention may be carried out with a device for moulding frozen confectionery articles by filling containers passing through a solidifying environment with a predetermined volume of a hard ice confectionery composition and which comprises:
a distribution hopper containing the composition;
means for metering the composition which are linked to the hopper, comprising a metering chamber, a metering element, a metering nozzle and a valve communicating either with the hopper and the metering chamber during the aspiration phase or with the metering chamber and the metering nozzle during the filling phase; and which is characterized in that the hopper is sealed and non-deformable and in that the device comprises means for maintaining a pressure over the composition during the aspiration phase so as entirely to fill the metering chamber.
The device may be applied to any machine for freezing frozen confectionery articles such as, for example:
a machine for freezing in brine, which is rectilinear, rotary, oval or in square movement;
a freezing machine which uses a liquid, gaseous or evaporating refrigerating fluid, which coats the moulds or sprays them for reasonably long periods;
a machine in which the moulds are transported by a conveyor in a pulsed-air tunnel to effect fast freezing, it being possible for the conveyor to be rectilinear or to be wound, for example, as a simple or double helix, which is flattened or of revolution; or
any machine of the above type in which the displacement of the moulds is continuous or stepwise.
The device may be applied very simply to existing machines by converting the metering devices so that an overpressure is created in the metering hopper, for example, by closing it by means of a lid, by rendering it gas-tight and by connecting it to a source of fluid, particularly a compressed gas, for example, compressed air. This principle of metering under pressure may apply to various types of metering devices such as, for example, metering devices with a dispensing casing and with vertical or horizontal cylinders, metering devices with valves or metering devices with immersed nozzles of the bottom-up-filler and pencil-filler type.
The invention is described in greater detail by way of illustration with the aid of the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the device during the phase of filling the metering chambers.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the device of FIG. 1 during the phase of filling a moulds.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a variant of the device just prior to the filling of a moulds.
FIG. 4 is a partial diagrammatic view of the device of FIG. 3 just after the filling of a moulds.
FIG. 5 is a partial diagrammatic view of a second variant of the device just after the filling of a mould.
In FIGS. 1 and 2, a pipe 1, side-connected to the hopper 2, feeds the latter with ice cream at −6° C. to −7° C. emerging from a freezer. A pipe 3 conveys compressed air into the hopper 2 so as to place it under a pressure of 1.5-2 bar. The pressure in the hopper is regulated by a valve 4 and controlled by a manometer 5. The hopper 2 is closed by a lid 6 and the hopper/lid assembly is non-deformable and preferably gas-tight. The hopper/lid assembly may be, preferably, temperature-controlled. At the bottom of the hopper 2, a pipe 7 delivers the ice confectionery composition to the volumetric metering device 8 which comprises a hollow body 9 or casing in which a cylindrical valve 10, perforated with as many passages 11 as there are metering tracks (for reasons of clarity, only one track is shown), allows communication with the hopper 2 and with the metering nozzle 12 by means of the interposition of the strengthened flexible hose 13, by swinging through a quarter of a revolution. The metering device 8 comprises a metering chamber 14 and a metering piston 15. The rotary valve 10 may be replaced by a set of double slide valves, which fulfil the same function but make the metering device bulkier. A mixer 16 force-feeds the pipe 7 communicating with the casing 9. The nozzle 12 is secured to an up-and-down support (not shown), allowing it to descend into the moulds 17 and to rise out of the moulds 17. The moulds 17 are cooled before and/or after they have been filled by means of a refrigerating vector. Moulding may apply to any mould in one or several parts in contact with any liquid, gaseous or solid refrigerating environment such as, for example, brine, a glycolated water solution, pulsed air, liquid nitrogen or solid carbon dioxide. The nozzle 12 may also be secured under a valve (not shown) which, by closing just after metering, prevents too much of the ice cream being metered out or prevents it dripping owing to the residual volume contained in the flexible hose 13.
In FIG. 1, in a production situation, an empty mould 17, passing stepwise on a conveyor line 18 in the direction of the arrow f1 is presented under the nozzle 12. The latter is made to descend to the bottom of the mould 17 according to f2, whilst the cylinder 14 constituting the metering chamber is filled with composition pushed from the hopper 2 by the compressed air via the pipe 7, then the passage 11 of the valve 10, and the piston 15 rises again according to f3.
As indicated in FIG. 2, the valve 10 has swung through a quarter of a revolution, which places the cylinder 14 in communication with the pipe 13 by means of the interposition of the passage 11. The piston 15 descends according to f4 and the precise volume of ice cream contained in the cylinder 14 fills the mould 17 by means of the nozzle 12 which rises progressively according to f5, as filling proceeds.
In FIGS. 3 and 4, the metering principle is the same as that described above, except that the nozzle 19 slides in a dispenser 20 which is integral with the casing 9.
In FIG. 3, the cylinder 14 provides for metering the ice confectionery composition by the descent with ice cream and this is metered out by the descent of the piston 15 according to f6 via the channel 11 and the window 21 made in the body of the dispenser 20, when communicating with the window 22 of the nozzle 19 illustrated as being presented in the bottom of the mould 17. The nozzle 19 is actuated by a pressure cylinder (not shown), which raises it progressively according to f7 during filling.
After the mould 17 has been filled, as shown in FIG. 4, the valve 10 turns through ¾ of a revolution, which places the cylinder 14 in communication with the pipe 7 connected to the hopper by means of the interposition of the passage 11. The piston 15 is then in a position in which it is ready to aspirate and it rises according to f8.
In this case, dead volumes are minimized and the valve 10 is synchronized with the descent and rise of the nozzle, using an automatic programme.
According to an operational variant, provision may be made for the nozzle to remain stationary and for the mould to be taken by an up-and-down device, i.e. it is lifted at the start of filling and then progressively lowered during filling.
In the variant of FIG. 5, the metering device is provided with a static nozzle 23 placed directly below the casing 9 in straight connection with the cylinder 14. The three-way rotary valve 24 allows communication between the pipe 7 connected to the hopper, the cylinder 14 and the nozzle 23. During filling, the piston 15 descends according to f9 and meters out the ice cream into the mould 17. The nozzle 23 has a narrow opening 25, for example <4 mm in diameter, which allows the ice cream to be made sufficiently fluid by means of shearing and the mould 17 to be filled satisfactorily. In this variant, there is no longer any need for an up-and-down nozzle support and therefore the overall size is minimized.
In an embodiment which is particularly adapted to a multi-track manufacturing line, not shown for reasons of simplification, a hopper, such as 2, which is common to all the tracks and has a generally cylindrical shape, is arranged horizontally, transverse to the tracks, has two ice-cream supply pipes, such as 1, arranged on each side of the cylinder and exit pipes for the ice cream, such as 7, arranged opposite each track. An agitator/distributor, such as 16, comprises a rotary shaft positioned in the axis of the cylinder and blades secured transversely to the said shaft of the agitator, on either side of the said shaft in a position in which they are staggered with respect to one another. The blades are arranged in an offset manner relative to the exit pipes for the ice cream, opposite spaces located on either side of the said exit pipes. The blades preferably have a length such that their end is in the vicinity of the inner wall of the cylinder, a helical shape and an orientation with an angle which, closer to the central part of the cylinder, is increasingly less pronounced, making it possible for the flows of ice cream originating from the supply pipes to be preferentially directed towards the central part of the cylinder so as to offset the preferential flows towards the ends. In this way, the ice cream is distributed homogeneously between the various exit pipes and is able to force-feed the metering chambers without the creation of an air pocket.
During operation, the agitator/distributor is actuated in slow rotation by means of a motor outside the hopper, engaging on the shaft of the agitator, for example a pneumatic motor, and the seal may be provided, for example, by a lip seal on the motor side and by a packing box on the other side of the cylinder. The hopper is fed continuously. If the level of ice cream rises in the hopper, the air pressure increases in its upper part. This increase in pressure, compared with a reference value, may generate a signal which acts on the closure of a valve, such as 4, or on the reduction of the speed of the pump supplying product from the freezer, so as to reduce its rate of flow.
A major advantage of the above cylindrical hopper is that, owing to its geometry, it may be cleaned by chemical agents and, if appropriate, sterilized, for example using hot water or steam, whilst remaining in situ without dismantling.
The advantages provided by the process and the device over traditional moulding means are many:
it is possible to meter out an ice confectionery composition which contains much more water in the frozen state than in the past, with a corresponding improvement in the texture which is usually encountered only in extruded articles, irrespective of the fat content;
the freezing time may be reduced by 30 to 50%, which allows a greater production rate and improved productivity for the line;
the viscosity of the ice cream is such that the inclusions it contains, if appropriate, may be distributed in uniform manner without settling as in the case of a liquid metered ice cream;
it is possible to manufacture composite articles by metering out the ice cream by means of a sheathing nozzle, so as to form a shell which remains in place on the wall of the mould, and it is then possible to fill the centre so that a frozen confectionery core of a different type is formed thereby producing a contrast in texture and/or taste;
it is possible to manufacture “three-dimensional” or “non-demouldable” articles by using multi-part moulds; and
the articles, being colder, may be more easily coated, for example with a coating which has a fatty composition, with a water ice, with a sorbet or with an emulsion.
The device and the process have been described in connection with the manufacture of frozen lollies. They may, of course, be used to manufacture other moulded articles such as, for example, cones or tubs. The device has been described with reference to the drawings in connection with one metering track for reasons of simplification. Naturally, a machine in a manufacturing situation may comprise up to 20 parallel metering tracks.
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U.S. Classification 426/317, 62/70, 426/519, 426/389, 426/515, 426/524
International Classification A23G9/04, A23G9/28
Cooperative Classification A23G9/281, A23G9/283, A23G9/288
European Classification A23G9/28J, A23G9/28D, A23G9/28D4
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Covenants of Old Testament - Paul Sagai | Covenant (Biblical) | Book Of Exodus
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COVENANTS IN THE PENTATEUCH 1. INTRODUCTION In General Covenant is an agreement between two people and involves promises on the part of each to the other. The concept of a covenant between God and His People is one of the central themes of the Bible. In the Biblical sense, a covenant implies much more that a contract or a simple agreement between two persons or parties. The word for “Covenant” in the Old Testament also provides additional insight into the meaning of this important idea. The English word "covenant" obviously means "to come together", and is derived from the Latin con "with", venio "to come", and is cognate with such words as "convention" and "convenient" where the basic idea of "coming together" either of persons, or the fitness and aptness of circumstances underlies the meaning and usage of such words. The Hebrew word "covenant" is berith, and this word refers to something that has been "cut". (http://www.heavendwellers.com/hd_covenant.htm) But when we hear the meaning as “cut” really we won’t understand it really. But in the Hebrew, the covenant or the berith was confirmed by sacrifice and a reference to Jeremiah 34:18,19 will show what lies behind the choice of this expression. We learn that Zedekiah the king had made a covenant with all the people which were at Jerusalem, to proclaim liberty unto them, but afterwards the king and the people turned and caused the servants who had been set free to become bond slaves again (Jer. 34:8-11). To these men who had thus violated their covenant, Jeremiah addressed these words: "And I will give the men that have transgressed My covenant, which have not performed the words of the covenant which they had made before Me, WHEN THEY CUT THE CALF IN TWAIN, and passed through the pieces thereof" (Jer. 34:18). By means of this strange ceremony, the contracting parties seem to say "The Lord do so to me and more also, if I keep not my promise". Covenant plays an important role in the life of Israel. Among many major and minor covenants in the Bible we will just see about Three important Covenant in the Old Testament.
2. GOD’S COVENANT WITH NOAH
2.1. Context: Centuries before the time of Abraham, God made a covenant with Noah, assuring Noah that He would never again destroy the world by flood (Genesis 9). Noah lived at a time when the whole earth was filled with violence and corruption – Noah did not allow the evil standards of his day to rob him of fellowship with God. stood out as the only one who “walked with God” (Genesis 6:9), as was also true of great-grandfather Enoch (Genesis 5:22). “Noah was a just man, perfect in generations” (Genesis 6:9). The Lord singled out Noah from among all contemporaries and chose him as the man to accomplish a great work. yet He his his his
When God saw the wickedness that prevailed in the world (Genesis 6:5), He told Noah of His intention to destroy the ancient world by a universal flood. God instructed Noah to build an ark in which he and his family would survive the universal deluge. Noah believed God “according to all that God commanded him, so he did” (Genesis 6:22). With steadfast confidence in God, Noah started building the ark. During this time, Noah continued to preach God’s judgment and mercy, warning the ungodly of their approaching doom. But people did not listen to him, instead, they continued in their evil ways and ignored his pleadings and warnings until the flood overtook them. When the ark was ready, Noah entered in with all kinds of animals “and the Lord shut him in” (Genesis 7:16, cut off completely from the rest of mankind. Noah was grateful to the Lord who had delivered him from the flood. After the flood, he built an altar to God (Genesis 8:20) and made a sacrifice, which was accepted graciously by God. 2.2. Content:
God so pleased with the sacrifice of Noah and makes covenant with him. Breed and multiply and fill the earth (Genesis 9:1 ,7) Every living thing that moves will be yours (Genesis 9:3) He who sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed (Genesis 9:6) Never again shall all living things be destroyed by the waters of a flood (Genesis 9:11)
2.3. Concerned Persons:
I am now establishing my covenant with you and with your descendants to come, and with every living creature and that was with you: birds, cattle and every wild animal with you; everything that came out of the ark, every living thing on earth. (Genesis 9: 9 – 10) 2.4. Connected Sign: And this is the sign of the covenant which I now make between myself and you and every living creature with you for all ages to come: I now set my bow in the clouds and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and the earth. (Genesis 9:12) 3. GOD’S COVENANT WITH ABRAHAM 3.1. Context: Abraham’s story begins with his passage with the rest of his family from Ur of the Chaldeans in ancient south Babylonia (Genesis 11:31). He and his family moved north along the trade routes of the ancient world and settled in the prosperous trade center of Haran, several hundred miles to the northwest. While living in Haran, at the age of 75, Abraham received a call from God to go to a strange, unknown land that God would show him. The Lord promised Abraham that He would make him and his descendants a great nation (Genesis 12:1-3). The promise must have seemed unbelievable to Abraham because his wife Sarah was childless (Genesis 11:30-31; 17:15). Abraham obeyed God with no hint of doubt or disbelief. Abraham took his wife and his nephew, Lot, and went toward the land that God would show him. Abraham moved south along the trade routes from Haran, through Schechem and Bethel, to the land of Canaan. Canaan was a populated area at the time, inhabited by the war-like Canaanites; so, Abraham’s belief that God would ultimately give this land to him and his descendants was an act of faith. “Abram put his faith in Yahweh and this was reckoned to him as uprightness.” (Genesis 15:6). The circumstances seemed quite difficult, but Abraham’s faith in God’s promises allowed him to trust in the Lord. In Genesis, the Lord reaffirmed His promise to Abraham. The relationship between God and Abraham should be understood as a covenant relationship – the most common form of arrangement between individuals in the ancient world. In this case, Abraham agreed to go to the land that God would show him (an act of faith on his part), and God agreed to make Abraham a great nation (Genesis 12:1-3). For his faithfulness and righteousness, for the first time in the history, God explicitly and in a proper way like human being makes covenant with Abraham. “He (God) said to
him, ‘Bring me a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old she-goat, a three-year-old ram, a turtledove and a young pigeon.’ He brought him all these, split the animals down the middle and placed each half opposite the other; but the birds he did not divide.” (Genesis 15:9-10) “When the sun had set and it was dark, there appeared a smoking firepot and a flaming torch passing between the animals’ pieces.” (Genesis 15:17) The covenant was systematic and proper. “That day Yahweh made a covenant with Abraham in these terms: ‘To your descendants I give this country, …” (Genesis 15:18). 3.2. Content:
 I will give you descendants like stars of heaven (Genesis 15:5)  I will give your descendants the land from the River of Egypt to the Great River
(Genesis 15:18)  Your descendants will be taken into slavery but I will save them (Genesis 15:13)  You will join your ancestors in peace (Genesis 15:15) 3.3. Concerned Persons: This covenant is made between God and Abraham, through God speaks about the giving of the land to the descendants of Abraham but he makes this covenant with Abraham personally. 3.4. Connected Sign: As a sign of the covenant in chapter 17 God asks “ … every one of your males must be circumcised. You must circumcise the flesh of your foreskin and that will be the sign of the covenant between myself and you” (Genesis 17:10b-11). 4. GOD’S COVENANT WITH THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL 4.1. Context: The Israelites moved to Egypt during the time of Joseph. “Then there came to power in Egypt a new king who had never heard of Joseph,” (Exodus 1:8) and turned Israelites into common slaves. The people cried out to the God of their forefathers. “So God heard their groaning, and God remembered covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob” (Exodus 2:24). He chooses Moses, appears to him in a burning bush, and commissions him for this great task as a mediator between him and his people. After a series of ten plagues upon the land of Egypt, God brought the Israelites out “of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand” (Exodus 32:11).
Three months after leaving the land of Egypt, the children of Israel camped at the base of Mount Sinai (Exodus (19:1). God promised to make a covenant with the Israelites (Exodus 19:3-6). Before they even knew the conditions of the contract, the people agreed to abide by whatever God said (Exodus 19:8). 4.2. Content:          No other gods but Me Do not take the name of the Lord in vain Observe the Sabbath Honor your father and mother Do not kill Do not commit adultery Do not steal Do not give false witnesses Do not covet
4.3. Concerned Persons: This covenant was made “Between myself (God) and the Israelites…” (Exodus 31:17a) 4.4. Connected Sign: As a first sign “Moses then took the blood and sprinkled it over the people, saying, ‘This is the blood of the covenant which Yahweh has made with you, entailing all these stipulations.” (Exodus 24:8) As a second sign God asks “The Israelites will keep the Sabbath, observing the Sabbath for all their generations to come: this is an eternal covenant. Between myself and the Israelites, this is a sign for ever….” (Exodus 31:16-17). 5. COMPARISON In all the three covenants the initiation comes from God. It is God who voluntarily comes down, out of love, and makes covenant with his people. In all the three covenant God separates his people from the other people of nations. There is specific sign is given in all the three covenants. In the first covenant with Noah the sign is his bow, in the second covenant with Abraham it is circumcision and in the third covenant with the people of Israel it is the blood of the lamb and asks the people to keep holy the Sabbath as a sign of the Covenant. In all the three covenants God promises that he would be steadfast in keeping up the covenant. He makes the covenant in order to have an eternal relationship with his chosen ones.
If we see as differences, the first covenant is with Noah, animals and nature which means it is with the whole universe. So it can also be called universal covenant. In the second covenant it is with God and with his faithful servant Abraham it is something personal where as if we take the third covenant it is with the people of Israel whom he chose for himself. The second differences we see in these three covenants are: the first two covenants speak of blessings and there are not much conditions or curses. The blesses them to breed and multiply and fill the earth and he promises to give the land for the descendants but where as in the third covenant there are conditions, commandments. Blessings are given in the fulfillment of the commandments. If they don’t follow the commandments there are curse. In the first two covenants God directly makes covenant with Noah and Abraham where as in the third covenant God choses Moses as a mediator between him and the people of Israel and Moses proves that God is right in choosing him as a mediator and he does his job excellently. The covenant of God with the people of God comes as the fulfillment of all the other covenants which God made before. 6. CONCLUSION All these covenants prefigure the New Covenant in one way or the other. In the new covenant it is between God and his New Israel. Here the sign that God places in the clouds is not the bow but his own son who will be coming in the clouds. The covenantal seal is not just the blood of lamb but the blood of Christ who intercedes before the throne of God. That’s why Jesus said “This cup is the new covenant in my blood poured out for you.” (Luke 22:20) Jesus plays a role of New Moses in the covenantal relationship between God and his beloved people, the church. Noah became the Father of the New Creation, savior of the whole creation through whom God carried out the salvation of the universe, in the case of Abraham he became the Father of all the nations through his faith. And in the new covenant Jesus becomes the ‘first born of all creation.’ (Colossians 1:15) Jesus is the fulfillment of all the Old Covenants.
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Television's second golden age : from Hill Street blues to ER : Hill Street blues, Thirtysomething, St. Elsewhere, China Beach, Cagney & Lacey, Twin Peaks, Moonlighting, Northern exposure, L.A. law, Picket fences, with brief reflections on Homicide, NYPD blue & Chicago hope, and other quality dramas (Book, 1997) [WorldCat.org]
Title: Television's second golden age : from Hill Street blues to ER : Hill Street blues, Thirtysomething, St. Elsewhere, China Beach, Cagney & Lacey, Twin Peaks, Moonlighting, Northern exposure, L.A. law, Picket fences, with brief reflections on Homicide, NYPD blue & Chicago hope, and other quality dramas
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to think that could happen. if hillary clinton does run, i find it hard to believe that the andrew cuomos and martin o'malleys of the world stay in. less clear for jeb. he's kind of the idealogical, the guy who can mash the conservatives and the kind of establishment. >> the purist versus the pragmatist. >> it's not clear to me that clinton is the natural heir to the obama coalition. is she to you? >> there is no natural heir. people want you to earn it. i think there's no argument out there that she hasn't earned it. she has. and you know, i think that she has done remarkably well as the secretary of state. and who was talking about it earlier? kevin was. that when she speaks, everybody in this country listens. you know, she is a voice of authority on so many issues. and also, this is the year of the woman. >> it's going to happen. and perry, here are the two most popular figures we tested in the last nbc/wall street journal poll, boast weth were named cli. bill and hillary, their approval ratings higher than the president's. >> that said, she's an overwhelming favorite. the heir, intere News4 Today
damaged by sandy, including governor christie, a republican and governor cuomo, a democrat, should be deeply disappointed and yes, angry that this congress would adjourn without addressing the pain of our fellow citizens. >> that was maryland congressman steny hoyer expressing outrage with the leaders decision to end the term without voting on aid for victims of hurricane sandy. a house committee drafted a measure to allocate $27 billion for recovery efforts. speaker john boehner says the house won't vote on it before the term ends at noon tomorrow. spokesman says the congress is still committed, though, to passing that legislation this month. >> 6:05 now. secretary of state hillary clinton is on blood thinners to treat a blood clot. she fainted and had a concussion. doctors were giving her a checkup this past sunday. that's when an mri revealed she had a blood clot between her brain and skull. doctors say it did not cause a stroke or neurological damage. clinton is expected to make a full recovery. for now, she's under doctor's care at new york presbyterian hospital. >>> in the da Happening Now
're absolutely right about that. governor andrew cuomo is warning power companies to be on their toes because of this they were criticized with the slow response to get the power cut back on. many residents in the dark and the told for a couple of weeks. the governor activated his emergency operations center in the state of new york as the upper portions of the state were expected to get a whole lot of snow but for the kids at home, i will mess up my goldloves here. they're not making the best snowballs. jon: really? i thought it was, she has a good arm. >> reporter: i think i sprayed my photographer in the face a little bit with my fancy new gloves. jon: is that hat, a fox news issued hat? that is proper equipment for this weather. >> reporter: called, keeping you warm. jon: should have told the assignment desk you wanted to go to miami. >> reporter: next time yeah. pack up a bikini instead after toboggan. jon: an ney -- anna in the midst of it. harris: this is causing travelers time and money as their flight plans have been greatly altered in some cases. some can't get back home or back to Americas Newsroom
christie a republican, and governor cuomo should be deeply disappointed and angry that this congress would adjourn without addressing the pain of our fellow citizens. i have been to new york. i have walked the beaches. i have seen their homes that have been destroyed with my colleague, greg meeks. i have talked to to members of congress. congressman crowley, congressman pallone, congressman rothman, all who have had their citizens deeply damaged by the ravages of the perhaps storm of historical proportions that struck the northeast. none of us is immune, not from a tornado, flood or a fire. i deeply regret that i can't change this opinion, but it's not what we ought to be doing that. there are republicans that are grieved by this action and democrats on this floor who are deeply grieved by this action. this is not the right thing to do. i would hope it would be reconsidered. we have asked our members to stay here. every one of them. knowing full well they wanted to go home, just for a day toe see their families. mr. speaker, i would hope this decision would be reconsidered. i would hope th Search Results 0 to 4 of about 5

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Patent US5182707 - Apparatus for recording reagent test strip data by comparison to color ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Advanced Patent Search | Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn apparatus for recording analysis of a reagent test strip having a plurality of color blocks for testing different constituents of a fluid, comprises a reference panel having a plurality of visually distinguishable and calibrated color areas or spots, a plurality of first lights for designating the...http://www.google.com/patents/US5182707?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5182707 - Apparatus for recording reagent test strip data by comparison to color lights on a reference panelPublication numberUS5182707 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/558,062Publication dateJan 26, 1993Filing dateJul 23, 1990Priority dateJul 23, 1990Fee statusPaidAlso published asWO1992001989A1Publication number07558062, 558062, US 5182707 A, US 5182707A, US-A-5182707, US5182707 A, US5182707AInventorsTommy G. Cooper, Emil S. Macha, Ross E. SmithOriginal AssigneeHealthdyne, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (2), Referenced by (37), Classifications (4), Legal Events (19) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetApparatus for recording reagent test strip data by comparison to color lights on a reference panelUS 5182707 AAbstract An apparatus for recording analysis of a reagent test strip having a plurality of color blocks for testing different constituents of a fluid, comprises a reference panel having a plurality of visually distinguishable and calibrated color areas or spots, a plurality of first lights for designating the testing of a different constituent or parameter, a plurality of second lights each located adjacent a different color spot, a cavity or space adjacent groups of color spots, detection optical detector for detecting the presence of the reagent strip positioned in the space, and a microcomputer for recording and storing test results and having means for directing sequential testing of the different parameters and for turning the lights on and off during the sequential testing. The apparatus includes switches for signaling the microcomputer to record and store the test data and for turning the apparatus on and off. The invention includes a process for operating the apparatus.
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OTHER CASES: NONE; RELEASE OF PATENT & TRADEMARK SECURITY AGREEMENTJul 9, 1993ASAssignmentOwner name: CONTINENTAL BANK, N.A., ILLINOISFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HEALTHDYNE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:006611/0362Effective date: 19930629Jul 9, 1993AS06Security interestOwner name: CONTINENTAL BANK, N.A. 231 SOUTH LASALLE STREET CHOwner name: HEALTHDYNE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.Effective date: 19930629Oct 1, 1990AS02Assignment of assignor's interestOwner name: COOPER, TOMMY G.Effective date: 19900918Owner name: HEALTHDYNE, INC., 1850 PARKWAY PLACE, 12TH FLOOR,Owner name: MACHA, EMIL S.Effective date: 19900926Owner name: SMITH, ROSS E.Effective date: 19900925Oct 1, 1990ASAssignmentOwner name: HEALTHDYNE INC., GEORGIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:COOPER, TOMMY G.;SMITH, ROSS E.;MACHA, EMIL S.;REEL/FRAME:005454/0284;SIGNING DATES FROM 19900918 TO 19900926Owner name: HEALTHDYNE, INC., 1850 PARKWAY PLACE, 12TH FLOOR,Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:COOPER, TOMMY G.;SMITH, ROSS E.;MACHA, EMIL S.;REEL/FRAME:005468/0824;SIGNING DATES FROM 19900918 TO 19900926RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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opened his remarks with comments on the resignation of pope benedict xvi. here are some of his remarks. >> thank you, mr. speaker. mr. speaker, i'm sure the whole house will join me in sending our best wishes to pope benedict following his announcement today. he has worked tirelessly to strengthen britain's relations with the holy see and his visit to britain in 2010 is remembered with great respect and affection. posted benedicts message on the visit of working for the common good is something i spoke to her whole country and i'm sure his successor will continue to provide a voice of inspiration for millions around the world. >> there was also reaction to the pope's resignation in washington. house speaker john been released a statement saying -- >> americans were inspired by his visit to the united states in 2008, and by his quiet city leadership of the church in uncertain times. people of all nations have been blessed by the sacrifice to sow the seeds of hope, justice and compassion throughout the world in the name of our lord and savior. again, that from house speaker john boehner. Capital News Today
. just a few weeks ago we learned pope benedict the 16th will be stepping down and i am reminded of the words of a different pope, pope john the 23rd. a long time ago she met at the vatican. george is having a president kennedy speak for peace program and pope john shipped george mcgovern's hand. he looked him in the eye and said to him, when you meet your maker and he asks, did you feed the hungry, you can say yes i did. george mcgovern could say that a thousand times over. so can the millions of men and women and children whose venturesome opportunities peter families. even when we don't always realize or acknowledge it. by continuing to plow ahead, develop agricultural policies and innovative ways big and small, so indeed, all of us. thank you very much. [applause] >> wow. so it had three great addresses this morning. joe giving us the out look, secretary vilsack challenging us in terms of human risk that we could manage in senator daschle, just really getting an overwhelmingly moving tribute and challenged to american agriculture, all of us in this room. and now the floor is Tonight From Washington
, reverend patrick convoyed, gives the benediction. >> let us pray. we give you thanks, almighty god, for your gifts to our nation in the form of rosa parks. you're good and faithful servant. one of the finest citizens of montgomery, she took a heroic stand by sitting. she is the course of human history as it is lived on our continent. it came to define the civil rights era, her cause was deep in the hearts of so many injustices. we are honoring her with a congressional gold medal, it honors the mother of the modern-day civil rights movement, we present this statue. as we leave this place, may we never forget the incredible bravery and sacrifices of those like rosa parks who call us to greatness as american citizens. give us the grace, oh, god, to remain vigilant in guaranteeing that no person in our great land should ever suffer injustice, like so many of our national heroes once did. amen. >> ladies and gentlemen, please remain at your in your seats for the departure of the official party, following the departure, guests are invited to pass the statue as they leave the hall. instru U.S. Senate
that pope benedict xvi will be stepping down, and i'm reminded today of the words of a different pope, pope john 23rd from it, a long time ago he met george at the vatican. george was then heading of president kennedy's food for peace program, and pope john shook george mcgovern's hand. a look at him in the and he said to him, when you meet your maker, and he asks, did you feed the hungry, you can say, yes, i did. george mcgovern could say that 1000 times over. so could the millions men in women and children whose ranches and laboratories the our families, even when we don't always realize or acknowledge it. by continuing to pull ahead, developed agricultural policies and innovate in ways big and small, so we need can -- so indeed can all of us. thank you so much. [applause] >> so, we've had three great addresses this morning. joe giving us the outlook. secretary bill sykes challenging us -- secretary vilsack challenge us and risks we can manage. and senator daschle, just really giving us an overwhelmingly moving tribute and challenge to american agriculture, all of us in this room. a lot o U.S. Senate
, you are the center of our joy. let your benediction rest upon our senators, as they strive to bring their stewardship in line with the destiny you desire for their lives. lord, make them channels of your grace, empowering them to serve our land in the spirit of children rejoicing in doing your will. replenish their limited human resources with strength from your limitless reservoir of grace. remind them that you won't ask them to do more than you will provide the strength to accomplish. fill this day with unexpected surprises of your mercy and love. we pray in your powerful name. amen. the presiding officer: please join me in reciting the pledge of allegiance to the flag. i pledge allegiance to the flag of the united states of america and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under god, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. the presiding officer: under the previous -- mr. reid: mr. president? the presiding officer: the majority leader. mr. reid: thank you, mr. chairman. following leader remarks the senate will resume consideration of s. 47, the violence against wo Search Results 0 to 5 of about 6


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Patent US5951374 - Method of polishing semiconductor wafers - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA method of polishing semiconductor wafers includes a double side primary polishing step and a single side secondary polishing step using a single side polishing machine with a wafer holder including a template so bonded on a carrier plate as having one or more wafer receiving holes in which backing...http://www.google.com/patents/US5951374?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5951374 - Method of polishing semiconductor wafersAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5951374 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/789,046Publication dateSep 14, 1999Filing dateJan 28, 1997Priority dateJan 31, 1996Fee statusLapsedAlso published asEP0788146A1Publication number08789046, 789046, US 5951374 A, US 5951374A, US-A-5951374, US5951374 A, US5951374AInventorsTadahiro Kato, Hisashi Masumura, Masami Nakano, Hideo KudoOriginal AssigneeShin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (24), Classifications (14), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod of polishing semiconductor wafersUS 5951374 AAbstract A method of polishing semiconductor wafers includes a double side primary polishing step and a single side secondary polishing step using a single side polishing machine with a wafer holder including a template so bonded on a carrier plate as having one or more wafer receiving holes in which backing pads are disposed respectively for holding the back sides of the respective wafers fittingly received therein. This method makes it to possible to hold a plurality of wafers at one time due to batch processing to thereby improve the productivity, and decrease extremely the generation of the defective dimples in the front side of the wafer. Compared with conventional single side polishing, the flatness level of the wafer polished with the double side polishing machine in this method is improved.
What is claimed is: 1. A method of polishing semiconductor wafers which comprises the steps of:(a) double side primary polishing of both front and back sides of semiconductor wafers using a double side polishing machine; and (b) single side secondary polishing of the front sides of the double side polished wafers using a single side polishing machine while holding the back sides of the wafers with a wafer holder including a template so bonded on a carrier plate as having one or more wafer receiving holes in which backing pads are disposed respectively for holding the back sides of the respective wafers fittingly received therein. 2. A method of polishing semiconductor wafers according to claim 1, wherein after (b) the single side secondary polishing step has been completed, the front sides of the wafers subjected to the single side secondary polishing are subjected to final polishing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to obviate the foregoing problems. It is one object of the present invention to provide a novel method of polishing semiconductor wafers which makes it possible to hold a plurality of wafers at one time to thereby improve the productivity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory schematic side view showing one embodiment of a single side polishing machine used in the present invention;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described below in greater detail by way of the following embodiments which should be construed as illustrative rather than restrictive.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5157877 *Feb 26, 1992Oct 27, 1992Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd.Method for preparing a semiconductor waferUS5429711 *Aug 9, 1993Jul 4, 1995Mitsubishi Materials CorporationMethod for manufacturing waferUS5700179 *Jul 29, 1996Dec 23, 1997Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd.Method of manufacturing semiconductor wafers and process of and apparatus for grinding used for the same method of manufactureUS5800725 *Jan 28, 1997Sep 1, 1998Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd.Etching; polishingEP0454362A2 *Apr 18, 1991Oct 30, 1991Shin-Etsu Handotai Company LimitedBacking pad and method of forming the backing pad by precision surface machiningEP0578351A1 *Mar 22, 1993Jan 12, 1994Shin-Etsu Handotai Company LimitedElastic foamed sheet and wafer-polishing jig using the sheetEP0628992A2 *Jun 1, 1994Dec 14, 1994Shin-Etsu Handotai Company LimitedMethod of making semiconductor wafers* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1"Bromine/Methanol Polishing of <100> InP", 1046 Journal of the Electrochemical Society 137 (1990) Feb., No. 2, Manchester, NH, US.2"Ultra-Uniform CMP Using a Hydro Film Buffered Chuck (Hydro Chuck)", 2419A International Conference on Solid State Devices & Materials, Aug. 21-Aug. 24, 1995, Yokohama, JP (1995) Aug. 21, Tokyo, Japan.3 *Abstract of Japanese Patent Publication No. 60025649, dated Feb. 8, 1985.4 *Abstract of Japanese Patent Publication No. 60228068, dated Nov. 13, 1985.5 *Abstract of Japanese Patent Publication No. 62033784, dated Feb. 13, 1987.6 *Bromine/Methanol Polishing of 100 InP , 1046 Journal of the Electrochemical Society 137 (1990) Feb., No. 2, Manchester, NH, US.7 *Ultra Uniform CMP Using a Hydro Film Buffered Chuck (Hydro Chuck) , 2419A International Conference on Solid State Devices & Materials, Aug. 21 Aug. 24, 1995, Yokohama, JP (1995) Aug. 21, Tokyo, Japan.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6179689 *May 21, 1998Jan 30, 2001Nec CorporationSpherical mirror surface processing method and deviceUS6257961Feb 15, 2000Jul 10, 2001Seh America, Inc.Rotational speed adjustment for wafer polishing methodUS6475068 *Mar 21, 2000Nov 5, 2002Ibiden Co., Ltd.Wafer holding plate for wafer grinding apparatus and method for manufacturing the sameUS6544033 *Sep 8, 2000Apr 8, 2003Applied Materials, Inc.Wafer carrierUS6579604 *Nov 27, 2001Jun 17, 2003Psiloquest Inc.Method of altering and preserving the surface properties of a polishing pad and specific applications thereforUS6632012Apr 30, 2001Oct 14, 2003Wafer Solutions, Inc.Mixing manifold for multiple inlet chemistry fluidsUS6638389Sep 26, 2002Oct 28, 2003StrasbaughMethod for applying an insert or tape to chucks or wafer carriers used for grinding, polishing, or planarizing wafersUS6672943Apr 30, 2001Jan 6, 2004Wafer Solutions, Inc.Eccentric abrasive wheel for wafer processingUS6866564Dec 10, 2002Mar 15, 2005StrasbaughMethod of backgrinding wafers while leaving backgrinding tape on a chuckUS6916228 *Sep 5, 2002Jul 12, 2005Ibiden Co., Ltd.Wafer holding plate for wafer grinding apparatus and method for manufacturing the sameUS6951502 *Mar 31, 2003Oct 4, 2005Hoya CorporationMethod of determining a flatness of an electronic device substrate, method of producing the substrate, method of producing a mask blank, method of producing a transfer mask, polishing method, electronic device substrate, mask blank, transfer mask, and polishing apparatusUS7029379 *Jul 6, 2005Apr 18, 2006Ibiden Co., Ltd.Wafer holding plate for wafer grinding apparatus and method for manufacturing the sameUS7059942Nov 18, 2003Jun 13, 2006StrasbaughMethod of backgrinding wafers while leaving backgrinding tape on a chuckUS7208325Jan 18, 2005Apr 24, 2007Applied Materials, Inc.Refreshing wafers having low-k dielectric materialsUS7402520Nov 26, 2004Jul 22, 2008Applied Materials, Inc.Edge removal of silicon-on-insulator transfer waferUS7455785Apr 26, 2005Nov 25, 2008Hoya CorporationMethod of determining a flatness of an electronic device substrate, method of producing the substrate, method of producing a mask blank, method of producing a transfer mask, polishing method, electronic device substrate, mask blank, transfer mask, and polishing apparatusUS7659206Feb 21, 2006Feb 9, 2010Applied Materials, Inc.Removal of silicon oxycarbide from substratesUS7670436Nov 3, 2004Mar 2, 2010Applied Materials, Inc.Support ring assemblyUS7695982Apr 19, 2007Apr 13, 2010Applied Matreials, Inc.Refurbishing a wafer having a low-k dielectric layerUS7749908Jul 22, 2008Jul 6, 2010S.O.I.Tec Silicon On Insulator TechnologiesEdge removal of silicon-on-insulator transfer waferUS7951718Feb 19, 2008May 31, 2011Applied Materials, Inc.Edge removal of silicon-on-insulator transfer waferUS8083963Apr 3, 2007Dec 27, 2011Applied Materials, Inc.Removal of process residues on the backside of a substrateDE10012840C2 *Mar 16, 2000Aug 2, 2001Wacker Siltronic HalbleitermatVerfahren zur Herstellung einer Vielzahl von polierten HalbleiterscheibenWO2002026441A1 *Sep 26, 2001Apr 4, 2002Strasbaugh IncTool for applying resilient tape to chuck used for grinding or polishing wafers* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification451/41, 451/288, 257/E21.23, 451/57, 257/E21.237, 451/58International ClassificationH01L21/683, H01L21/304, H01L21/306, B24B37/04Cooperative ClassificationH01L21/02024, B24B37/30European ClassificationB24B37/30, H01L21/02D2M2PLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 1, 2011FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20110914Sep 14, 2011LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesApr 18, 2011REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedFeb 16, 2007FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Feb 20, 2003FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4May 28, 1997ASAssignmentOwner name: SHIN-ETSU HANDOTAI CO., LTD., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KATO, TADAHIRO;MASUMURA, HISASHI;NAKANO, MASAMI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:008550/0770;SIGNING DATES FROM 19970424 TO 19970508RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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Working at EVRAZ North America in United States: Culture, Salaries, Benefits & Other Reviews | Indeed.com
EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob Culture18 reviews
EVRAZ North America United States Employee Reviews
Company AttributesJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureEVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureI demonstrated strong computer and mathematics skills by writing software to find optimal solution of alloy addition for making steel. Prior to this,Research and Development (Regina) (Former Employee), Regina, SK – March 6, 2014• Wrote software to find optimal solution of alloy addition• Used Finite Element Analysis Model to solve structural problems• Collected and analyzed steel slab superheat data• Reorganised R&D libraryWas this review helpful? Yes (5) – No (43)
EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureGeneral SupervisorGeneral Supervisor (Current Employee), Portland, OR – April 2, 2015I currently work in the spiral mill facility in portland oregon. Lots of employees and details can be discussed further in person or over the phoneWas this review helpful? Yes – NoEVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureAn Excellent Place Of WorkOverhead Crane Operator (Former Employee), Claymont, DE – April 8, 2014Evraz North America was a good place to work. We had fun as a company. You couldn't tell it was work. We were more of a family that helped each other out in the work place.Was this review helpful? Yes (12) – No (13)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureGreat company to work forOperational Excellence Intern (Former Employee), Pueblo, CO – April 6, 2014Pros: management, free lunches, gym, great peopleCons: dangerous work environment if you aren't carefulI only interned there, so I don't know much about full time benefits. However, I really enjoyed working there. It paid well, the management was great and they made sure that everyone was in agreement before moving on with changes. Great company.Was this review helpful? Yes (13) – No (6)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureDon't do itSENIOR DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL AUDIT (Former Employee), Chicago, IL – March 4, 2014It is a shame as it was such a good company and it got destroyed when Evraz put their claws into it.Was this review helpful? Yes (26) – No (5)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureYou don't want to knowEx-Employee (Former Employee), Claymont, DE – January 17, 2014Pros: geez, can't think of anyCons: not enough characters available in this text areaIf they were the only company in the world?... I'd be unemployed... by choice.Was this review helpful? Yes (23) – No (18)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureDaily new challengesQuality System Coordinator (Former Employee), Pueblo CO – November 27, 2013Pros: teamworkCons: job securityKeeping personnel up on their training, auditing different parts of the mill. Lots of meetings planning organizing and prepping for auditorsWas this review helpful? Yes (12) – No (9)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureCompany/work first atmosphere, environmentProduction worker (Current Employee), Portland Oregon – November 14, 2013Pros: good benefits, no out of pocket expense for medical for most plans.Cons: very political environment, upward movement very slow.Pay is okay, they expect you to work a lot of overtime, company needs first, you and your family second. Promotion opportunities slow and very political.Was this review helpful? Yes (37) – No (5)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob Cultureproductive and safety conscienceLead Maintenance Mechanic (Current Employee), claymont de – October 31, 2013worked in maintenance department. good supervisors and co-workersWas this review helpful? Yes (10) – No (7)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureEnvironment for businessHuman Resources Contractor (Current Employee), Chicago, IL – September 17, 2013The company is business minded and presents a good opportunity for entry level professional in the fields of sales, engineering and manufactoring.Was this review helpful? Yes (10) – No (9)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureChallenging with old equipment and technologyAsset Maintenance Coordinator/Supervisor (Current Employee), Pueblo, CO – August 14, 2013Pros: challenging, good co-workersCons: old technology, old school managementNever dull, always a challenge trying to keep equipment running or finding parts for equipment tthat is 30 years old and older.The steel industry is one of the most dangerous occupations to be in.Some of the upper management is very old school. A lot of micromanaging. Do not like change. The newer managers are trying to make positive changes.Most co-workers are very knowledgable.Finding parts for equipment that is 30+ years old.Getting to see the inside of a 30-50 year old piece of equipment.Was this review helpful? Yes (23) – No (1)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureNeed new managementIndustrial Maintenance Electrician (Current Employee), Pueblo, CO – August 6, 2013Pros: 12 hour schedule if you do not get scheduled on your days offCons: pretty much everything else but your coworkersLack of skilled maintenance employees. Far more work for the amount of maintenance employees to keep up with. Unreal expectations. Not many of the existing employees are willing to except a supervisor position because there rule with an iron fist management style. Be willing to be on call 24-7 even on you vacation.Was this review helpful? Yes (28) – No (5)EVRAZ North AmericaJob Work/Life BalanceCompensation/BenefitsJob Security/AdvancementManagementJob CultureGood BenefitsSales Account Executive (Current Employee), Claymont, DE – April 16, 2013The inside sales position is a more administrative postition than sales. I you are looking to fine tune and grow your sales skills then this position is not for you. The parent company is very forward thinking but this has not trickled down to the Claymont facility. Be sure to get any compensation offers in writing and make sure that they are fully explainedWas this review helpful? Yes (15) – No (10)
EVRAZ North America JobsMechanical TechnicianPueblo, COMillwrightPortland, ORElectrical TechnicianPueblo, COCorporate Security Program ManagerPueblo, COTransportation and Logistics ManagerPortland, ORView all 26 EVRAZ North America jobsEVRAZ North America SalariesMillwright$29.00 per hourCompare Millwright salariesIT Director$140,000 per yearCompare IT Director salariesMaterial Handler$15.25 per hourCompare Material Handler salariesView all 3 salariesEVRAZ North America PhotosView all 10 EVRAZ North America photos

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Mixed Colombian Emeralds 1.24ct Natural Loose Gemstones
We deal exclusively in recycled gemstones. this is good in many ways. all of our loose diamonds and gemstones are graded to GIA standards. colour: Green. lots of our Gemstones have been re-cut to a high standard by skilled Gem cutters.
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New listingFree Shipping 5.30 Ct EGL Certified Natural Oval Shape Green Emerald Gems BU1600
New listing15.15 Ct Certified Natural Star Shape Nice Drilled Hole Green Emerald Gems BZ893
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New listing 6.18 Ct A One Quality Excellent Green Emerald Natural Gems A+ Big Sale BU2933
660 Ct EGL Certified Natural Sizzling Green Emerald Loose Gemstone Rough AR2863
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Super Sale 6.00 Ct Awesome Oval Cut Cabochon Green Emerald Natural Gems BQ26
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Stock Clearane 4000 Ct Natural Colombian Green Emerald Rough Loose Gemstones Lot
New listingAmazing Offer 4.10 Ct Certified Green Emerald Natural Oval Shape Gemstone BN2342
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New listingGreat Deal 213.20 Ct Certified Beautiful Green Emerald Natural Gems Rough BU2649
New listing205 Ct EGL Certified Natural High Class Quality Green Emerald Gems Rough BQ39
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New listing3.20 Ct EGL Certified Natural Green Emerald Beautiful Oval Shape Gemstone BN1728
Ending 22 Nov at 3:44PM GMT6d 11hFrom IndiaTransparency: TransparentColour: GreenShape: Oval
194.30Ct EGL Certified Natural Green Colombian Emerald AmezingGems Rough BS2269
£0.016d 14h


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Best japanese food ever - Review of Mori Ohta Sushi, Sao Paulo, Brazil - TripAdvisor
Best japanese food ever - Mori Ohta Sushi
Website Improve this listing Ranked #186 of 38,384 Restaurants in Sao Paulo
36 helpful votes “Best japanese food ever”
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10 helpful votes “great oriental food and service”
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This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. paulocholla
2 reviews 1 helpful vote “best sushi in São Paulo”
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This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. Podolano
50 helpful votes “One of the best sushi places in town”
We´ve been to Mori in Moema for at least 5 years now and their Sushi Festival is one of the best in Sao Paulo. Great variety, top quality, though a little pricey. For instance, two adults and two kids (7 and 9 years old) will spend about R$ 200 or roughly USD 100. Anyhow, you´ll be well served. Podolano´s tips: if you want a more genuine experience, ask for a table at the top floor, where you can sit at a japanese-like (low profile) table. A++++
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35 helpful votes “great variety and value for money”
japanese all you can eat - very common in Sao Paulo.good quality fish, and loads of creative ways of eating sushi. probably more than you can have in one go....be sure to order the shimeji (wild mushrooms on a butter sauce).
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Sao Paulo, SP Sushi Isao
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