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Patent US5101460 - Simultaneous bidirectional optical interconnect - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn optical interconnect system facilitates the simultaneous bi-directional transfer of data between facing integrated circuits. The laser simultaneously emits two oppositely directed continuous beams of light. Holographic elements placed in the paths of the beams of light split each into multiple light...http://www.google.com/patents/US5101460?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5101460 - Simultaneous bidirectional optical interconnectAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5101460 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/577,383Publication dateMar 31, 1992Filing dateSep 4, 1990Priority dateSep 4, 1990Fee statusPaidPublication number07577383, 577383, US 5101460 A, US 5101460A, US-A-5101460, US5101460 A, US5101460AInventorsFred V. RichardOriginal AssigneeMotorola, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (3), Referenced by (62), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSimultaneous bidirectional optical interconnectUS 5101460 AAbstract An optical interconnect system facilitates the simultaneous bi-directional transfer of data between facing integrated circuits. The laser simultaneously emits two oppositely directed continuous beams of light. Holographic elements placed in the paths of the beams of light split each into multiple light beams, creating independent optical communication channels. Reflective modulators are positioned on integrated circuits in the path of each communication channel to selectively reflect the respective light beams. The light beams are modulated in response to data input to the reflective modulators from the integrated circuits. Opto-electronic receivers are positioned on the integrated circuits in the path of the light beams reflected by the reflective modulators. Holographic elements focus each reflected light beams onto an opto-electronic receiver. Data is extracted from the light beams by the opto-electronic receivers and output to the integrated circuits. Each integrated circuit can thus simultaneously transmit and receive data.
I claim: 1. An optical interconnect system providing for the simultaneous bi-directional transfer of data, comprising:an opto-electronic transmitter which simultaneously emits a continuous beam of light in a first direction and in a second direction; a first holographic diffractive element placed in the path of the beam of light in the first direction, the first holographic element splitting the beam of light in the first direction into a first plurality of light beams, each one of the first plurality of light beams forming a first independent optical communication channel; a second holographic diffractive element placed in the path of the beam of light in the second direction, the second holographic element splitting the beam of light in the second direction into a second plurality of light beams, each one of the second plurality of light beams forming a second independent optical communication channel; a first plurality of reflective modulators, wherein each reflective modulator is placed in the path of each first independent optical communication channel, the reflectivity of the reflective modulators being modulated in response to data input from an integrated circuit, the reflective modulators thereby each selectively reflecting a respective light beam; a second plurality of reflective modulators, wherein each reflective modulator is placed in the path of each second independent optical communication channel, the reflectivity of the reflective modulators being modulated in response to data input from an integrated circuit, the reflective modulators thereby each selectively reflecting a respective light beam; a first plurality of opto-electronic receivers, there being one opto-electronic receiver corresponding to each first reflective modulator, each of the first plurality of opto-electronic receivers being placed in the path of the light beam reflected by its corresponding reflective modulator; a second plurality of opto-electronic receivers, there being one opto-electronic receiver corresponding to each second reflective modulator, each of the second plurality of opto-electronic receivers being placed in the path of the light beam reflected by its corresponding reflective modulator; a first plurality of holographic focus elements, wherein each one of the first plurality of holographic focus elements is placed in the path of each light beam reflected by the first plurality of reflective modulators so as to focus each reflected light beam onto the corresponding first opto-electronic receiver; and a second plurality of holographic focus elements, wherein each one of the second plurality of holographic focus elements is placed in the path of each light beam reflected by the second plurality of reflective modulators so as to focus each reflected light beam onto the corresponding second opto-electronic receiver. 2. The optical interconnect system of claim 1 wherein the opto-electronic transmitter is mounted within an optically transparent support medium which comprises:a first optically transparent layer, having a first side and a second side, the opto-electronic transmitter being attached to the first side of the first optically transparent layer such that the continuous beam of light emitted in the first direction passes from the opto-electronic transmitter through the first optically transparent layer to the second side of the first optically transparent layer; a second optically transparent layer, having a first side and a second side, the first side of the second optically transparent layer being attached to the first side of the first optically transparent layer such that the continuous beam of light emitted in the second direction passes from the opto-electronic transmitter through the second optically transparent layer to the second side of the second optically transparent layer; a third optically transparent layer, having a first side and a second side, the first side of the third optically transparent layer being attached to the second side of the first optically transparent layer, the first holographic diffractive element and the second plurality of holographic focus elements being incorporated into the interface between the first optically transparent layer and the third optically transparent layer; and a fourth optically transparent layer, having a first side and a second side, the first side of the fourth optically transparent layer being attached to the second side of the second optically transparent layer, the second holographic diffractive element and the first plurality of holographic focus elements being incorporated into the interface between the second optically transparent layer and the fourth optically transparent layer. 3. The optical interconnect system of claim 2 wherein the first plurality of reflective modulators and the second plurality of opto-electronic receivers are attached to the second side of the third optically transparent layer, the first plurality of reflective modulators and the second plurality of opto-electronic receivers being coupled to a first integrated circuit.
4. The optical interconnect system of claim 3 wherein the second plurality of reflective modulators and the first plurality of opto-electronic receivers are attached to the second side of the fourth optically transparent layer, the second plurality of reflective modulators and the first plurality of opto-electronic receivers being coupled to a second integrated circuit.
5. The optical interconnect system of claim 2 wherein the first plurality of reflective modulators and the second plurality of opto-electronic receivers are attached to a first integrated circuit, the first integrated circuit being coupled to the second side of the third optically transparent layer.
6. The optical interconnect system of claim 5 wherein the second plurality of reflective modulators and the first plurality of opto-electronic receivers are attached to a second integrated circuit, the second integrated circuit being coupled to the second side of the fourth optically transparent layer.
7. An optical interconnect system providing for the simultaneous bidirectional transfer of data between two integrated circuits, comprising:a first array of reflective modulators coupled to the surface of a first integrated circuit; a first array of opto-electronic receivers coupled to the surface of the first integrated circuit; a second array of reflective modulators coupled to the surface of a second integrated circuit; a second array of opto-electronic receivers coupled to the surface of the second integrated circuit; a bidirectional opto-electronic transmitter positioned between the first and second integrated circuits such that a first beam of light is emitted by the opto-electronic transmitter in the direction of the first integrated circuit, and a second beam of light is emitted by the opto-electronic transmitter in the direction of the second integrated circuit; a first holographic diffractive element placed in the path of the first beam of light, the first holographic diffractive element splitting the first beam of light into a first array of light beams, the first array of light beams being focused by the first holographic diffractive element upon the first array of reflective modulators, the first array of light beams thus being selectively reflected by the first array of reflective modulators; a second holographic diffractive element placed in the path of the second beam of light, the second diffractive holographic element splitting the second beam of light into a second array of light beams, the second array of light beams being focused by the second holographic diffractive element upon the second array of reflective modulators, the second array of light beams thus being selectively reflected by the second array of reflective modulators; a first array of holographic focus elements placed in the path of the reflected first array of light beams so as to focus the reflected first array of light beams onto the second array of opto-electronic receivers; and a second array of holographic focus elements placed in the path of the reflected second array of light beams so as to focus the reflected second array of light beams onto the first array of opto-electronic receivers. 8. The optical interconnect system of claim 7 wherein the opto-electronic transmitter, first and second holographic diffractive elements, and first and second arrays of holographic focus elements are mounted within an optically transparent support structure, the first and second arrays of reflective modulators and first and second arrays of opto-electronic receivers being attached to the first and second integrated circuits, the first and second integrated circuits being coupled to the optically transparent support structure.
9. The optical interconnect system of claim 7 wherein the opto-electronic transmitter, first and second holographic diffractive elements, first and second arrays of holographic focus elements, first and second arrays of reflective modulators, and first and second arrays of opto-electronic receivers are mounted within an optically transparent support structure, the first and second integrated circuits being coupled to the optically transparent support structure.
10. A method for providing simultaneous bidirectional interconnection between a pair of integrated circuits, comprising:generating a pair of beams of light which respectively travel in a first and a second direction; splitting each of the beams of light into arrays of light beams by using a diffractive element; reflecting the arrays of light beams off of reflective modulators; modulating the reflected arrays of light beams with data input to the reflective modulators from the pair of integrated circuits; and focusing the reflected arrays of light beams upon opto-electronic receivers by using a holographic focus element. 11. An optical interconnect system for optically transferring data between a first and a second integrated circuit, comprising:means for providing a first and a second light beam; a first diffractive element for splitting the first light beam into a first plurality of light beams; a first plurality of means for modulating and reflecting each of the first plurality of light beams, the first plurality of means for modulating and reflecting being coupled to the first integrated circuit; a first holographic focus element for focusing the modulated first plurality of light beams; a first plurality of means for receiving each of the modulated and focused first plurality of light beams, the first plurality of means for receiving being coupled to the second integrated circuit, wherein the first plurality of modulated and reflected light beams carry data from the first integrated circuit to the second integrated circuit; a second diffractive element for splitting the second light beam into a second plurality of light beams; a second plurality of means for modulating and reflecting each of the second plurality of light beams, the second plurality of means for modulating and reflecting being coupled to the second integrated circuit; a second holographic focus element for focusing the modulated second plurality of light beams; and a second plurality of means for receiving each of the modulated and focused second plurality of light beams, the second plurality of means for receiving being coupled to the first integrated circuit, wherein the second plurality of modulated and reflected light beams carry data from the second integrated circuit to the first integrated circuit. 12. The optical interconnect system of claim 11 wherein the means for providing a first and second light beam is a laser.
13. The optical interconnect system of claim 11 wherein the first and second diffractive elements for splitting the first and second light beams are holographic focus elements.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates, in general, to optical coupling of integrated circuits and, more particularly, to a system providing for the simultaneous bidirectional transfer of data between integrated circuits by means of modulated light beams.
Historically, interconnection between integrated circuits was limited to a two dimensional plane. Buses of parallel metal lines on a printed circuit board carried data from one circuit to another. Data to be transferred to adjacent boards in a system had to travel to the edge of the board, exit into a back plane, travel to the next board, and then to the destination integrated circuit. Simultaneous bidirectional communication was only possible if the width of the bus were doubled, doubling the complexity of the interconnection. Typical applications provided for bus arbitration to determine when the bus was clear, allowing data transmission in opposite directions.
Associated with each line was an inherent capacitance between the line and the ground plane, and an additional capacitance between adjacent lines. At relatively low clock speeds, capacitive loading was not a significant factor. However, as applications began to push clock speeds into the few hundred megahertz range and beyond, the inhibiting effects of the capacitance between interconnection lines and the ground plane, and of the capacitance between adjacent interconnection lines, became significant. Propagation delays due to capacitive loading effects became a limiting factor to circuit performance by limiting circuit speed and increasing circuit cross talk.
Additionally, wide data buses were plagued by simultaneous switching noise. Simultaneous switching noise was related to the parasitic inductances associated with power and ground interconnections to the bus. The level of the simultaneous switching noise was determined by the parasitic inductance, the width of the bus, and the rate of change of the drive current that charged up the interconnect lines. Finally, at relatively high frequencies, impedance matching terminations became necessary on interconnect lines to decrease signal settling time, thus adversely affecting the efficiency of data transfer due to increased power dissipation in the terminating impedance.
In order to overcome the limitations imposed by circuit interconnection, the use of optical interconnection was introduced. A number of optical interconnect approaches were advanced by Goodman, et. al., "Optical Interconnections for VLSI Systems", Proceedings of IEEE, vol 72, No.7, July 1984. One approach consisted of a number of opto-electronic transmitters, normally lasers, placed near the edge of an integrated circuit. The opto-electronic transmitters aimed beams of light at a holographic routing element located above the integrated circuit. The beams of light were modulated such that the beams of light contained the data to be transferred. The holographic routing element selectively diffracted the beams of light back to opto-electronic receivers on the surface of the integrated circuit.
Still another approach utilized optical waveguides as described by Kapany and Burke, Optical Wave Guides, Academic Press, 1972. In this approach, the emissions of the opto-electronic transmitter were guided to an opto-electronic receiver by a fiber optic waveguide, a channel optical waveguide, or a planar optical waveguide.
Each of these approaches had limitations. The interface between the integrated circuit and the optical fiber was difficult to fabricate. This, and the physical size of the optical fiber, limited its use in many applications. Though channel waveguides were efficient for single data lines, buses were difficult to fabricate due to physical size constraints. The channel waveguide, as well as the planar optical waveguide, tended to be limited to a two dimensional plane. Conventional bussing was still required, and simultaneous bi-directional communication remained impractical.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The objects and advantages of the present invention are provided by an optical interconnect system which facilitates the simultaneous bi-directional transfer of data between integrated circuits. An opto-electronic transmitter simultaneously emits a continuous beam of light in two opposite directions, toward at least two facing integrated circuits. Holographic diffractive elements placed in the paths of the two beams of light split each into a plurality of light beams, creating several independent optical communication channels. Reflective modulators are positioned on the integrated circuits in the path of each independent optical communication channel so as to selectively reflect the respective light beams. The light beams are thus modulated in response to data input to the reflective modulators from the integrated circuits. One opto-electronic receiver corresponding to each reflective modulator is positioned on the integrated circuits in the path of the light beam reflected by the corresponding reflective modulator. Holographic focus elements are placed in the path of each reflected light beam, focusing each reflected light beam onto the corresponding opto-electronic receiver. Data is extracted from the light beams by the opto-electronic receivers and output to the integrated circuits. Each integrated circuit can thus simultaneously transmit and receive data without bus contention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the present invention interconnecting two integrated circuits;
FIG. 2 is a planform view illustrating the relative positions of the reflective modulators and the opto-electronic receivers in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view illustrating an alternate embodiment of the present invention interconnecting multiple integrated circuits; and
FIG. 4 is a planform view illustrating the relative positions of the reflective modulators and the opto-electronic receivers in the alternate embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The simultaneous bi-directional optical interconnect system consists of two or more integrated circuits, represented in FIG. 1 by integrated circuits 11 and 12, that face one another with a uniform separation. An opto-electronic transmitter 13 incorporating a surface emitting laser, configured to emit in both vertical directions, similar to those described by K. Iga, et. al., "Surface Emitting Semiconductor Lasers", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol 24, No. 9, Sept. 1988, is located midway between facing integrated circuits 11 and 12. Opto-electronic transmitter 13 is supported by optically transparent layer 14. Opto-electronic transmitter 13 may be fabricated as an integral part of optically transparent layer 14. In such a case, optically transparent layer 14 could be an indium phosphide or gallium arsenide substrate upon which opto-electronic transmitter 13 is fabricated as an indium phosphide laser, or as a gallium arsenide laser with an indium gallium arsenide active layer. Alternately, opto-electronic transmitter 13 may be fabricated independently using any suitable technology, and mounted within any suitable optically transparent layer 14. Optically transparent layer 16 is attached to optically transparent layer 14, covering opto-electronic transmitter 13. Optically transparent layer 16 is made from a suitable optically transparent material. Optically transparent layer 17 separates optically transparent layer 14 from the surface of integrated circuit 11. Optically transparent layer 18 separates optically transparent layer 16 from the surface of integrated circuit 12. Optically transparent layers 17 and 18 can be fabricated from any suitable optically transparent material. Alternately, optically transparent layers 17 and 18 may represent air gaps between integrated circuits 11 and 12 and optically transparent layers 14 and 16. If layers 17 and 18 represent air gaps, appropriate anti-reflection coatings need to be applied to the outward surfaces of layers 14 and 16 in order to prevent multiple reflections of the beams. If layers 17 and 18 are solid transparent layers, anti-reflection coatings at the interface between layers 17 and 18 and the reflective modulators or receivers are also desirable to prevent unwanted reflections.
Opto-electronic transmitter 13 emits bidirectionally, one beam of light, 19, being directed toward integrated circuit 11, and another beam of light, 21, being directed toward integrated circuit 12. Holographic diffractive element 22 is placed at the interface between optically transparent layers 14 and 17 in the path of beam of light 19. Holographic diffractive element 23 is placed at the interface between optically transparent layers 16 and 18 in the path of beam of light 21. Holographic diffractive elements 22 and 23 are similar to those described by Howard M. Smith, Principles of Holography, Wiley and Sons, 1969. They may be made of dichromated gelatin film, photosensitive polymer film, gratings etched photolithographically directly into optically transparent layers 14 and 16, or by any other suitable means. Beam of light 19 is split by holographic diffractive element 22 into a plurality of light beams. In a preferred embodiment, beam of light 19 is easily split into four light beams by means of a multiply-exposed dichromated gelatin holographic element (one exposure for each beam direction). Two of these light beams, 24 and 26, are depicted in FIG. 1. Since FIG. 1 is a two dimensional drawing, the other two light beams are obscured in FIG. 1 by light beams 24 and 26. Similarly, beam of light 21 is split by holographic diffractive element 23 into a plurality of light beams, with a preferred embodiment of four light beams. Two of these light beams, 27 and 28, are depicted in FIG. 1. Again, since FIG. 1 is a two dimensional drawing, the other two light beams are obscured in FIG. 1 by light beams 27 and 28.
Reflective modulator 29 is electrically coupled to integrated circuit 11. The reflectivity of reflective modulator 29 is modulated by data input to reflective modulator 29 by integrated circuit 11. Reflective modulator 29 is positioned so that light beam 24 is reflected back toward integrated circuit 12 as modulated light beam 31. In the same manner, reflective modulator 32 is electrically coupled to integrated circuit 11. The reflectivity of reflective modulator 32 is modulated by data input to reflective modulator 32 by integrated circuit 11. Reflective modulator 32 is positioned so that light beam 26 is reflected back toward integrated circuit 12 as modulated light beam 33. At the same time, reflective modulators 34 and 36, coupled to integrated circuit 12, reflect light beams 27 and 28 back toward integrated circuit 11 as modulated light beams 37 and 38. Modulated light beams 37 and 38 thus are modulated by reflective modulators 34 and 36 based upon data input to reflective modulators 34 and 36 by integrated circuit 12. Reflective modulators 29, 32, 34, and 36 are similar to reflective modulators described by Yan, Simes, and Coldren, "Analysis and Design of Surface-normal Fabry-Perot Electrooptic Modulators", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol 25, No. 11, p. 2272, Nov 89.
Each of modulated light beams 31, 33, 37, and 38 is focused upon an opto-electronic receiver similar to those described by H. Kressel, Semiconductor Devices, Topics in Applied Physics, vol 39, Springer Verlag, 1982, by a holographic focus element 39, 41, 42, or 43. Holographic focus elements 39 and 41 are placed in the paths of modulated light beams 31 and 33 at the interface between optically transparent layers 16 and 18. Holographic focus elements 42 and 43 are placed in the paths of modulated light beams 37 and 38 at the interface between optically transparent layers 14 and 17. Thus, modulated light beam 31 is focused upon opto-electronic receiver 44 by holographic focus element 39. Modulated light beam 33 is focused upon opto-electronic receiver 46 by holographic focus element 41. Modulated light beam 37 is focused upon opto-electronic receiver 47 by holographic focus element 42. Modulated light beam 38 is focused upon opto-electronic receiver 48 by holographic focus element 43. These holographic focus elements are similar to those described by Howard M. Smith, Principles of Holography, Wiley and Sons, 1969. They may be made of dichromated gelatin film, photosensitive polymer film, gratings etched photolithographically directly into the surfaces of optically transparent layers 14 and 16, or any other suitable means. Opto-electronic receivers 44 and 46, coupled to integrated circuit 12, extract the data from modulated light beams 31 and 33, respectively, and output the data to integrated circuit 12. Opto-electronic receivers 47 and 48, coupled to integrated circuit 11, extract the data from modulated light beams 37 and 38, respectively, and output the data to integrated circuit 11. In this manner, data is simultaneously transferred from integrated circuit 11 to integrated circuit 12, and from integrated circuit 12 to integrated circuit 11. The reflective modulators and opto-electronic receivers are fabricated from indium phosphide or gallium arsenide based materials that are epitaxially grown on or otherwise attached to the integrated circuits.
An alternate embodiment of FIG. 1 mounts reflective modulators 29 32, 34, and 36 and opto-electronic receivers 44, 46, 47, and 48 directly upon layers 17 and 18, forming an interconnect structure. In such a case, electrical contacts for reflective modulators 29 32, 34, and 36 and opto-electronic receivers 44, 46, 47, and 48 face outward from layers 17 and 18, thus allowing integrated circuits 11 and 12 to be attached to the interconnect structure using solder bump technology.
FIG. 2 illustrates the relative positions of one set of reflective modulators and opto-electronic receivers. A cut away portion of integrated circuit 11 is shown overlaying integrated circuit 12 in order to more clearly illustrate the multiple layers of the embodiment of FIG. 1. Light beam 19 of FIG. 1 is split into four light beams 24, 24', 26, and 26'. The four light beams are reflected as modulated light beams 31, 31', 33, and 33' by reflective modulators 29, 29', 32, and 32', respectively. Data input to the reflective modulators by integrated circuit 11 of FIG. 1 is transferred to opto-electronic receivers 44, 44',46, and 46', which are coupled to integrated circuit 12 of FIG. 1. Beam of light 21 of FIG. 1 is similarly split into four light beams which are modulated, reflected, and received to transfer data from integrated circuit 12 to integrated circuit 11.
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention wherein interconnection is provided among six integrated circuits 11, 11', 12, 12', 51, and 52. FIG. 4 shows cut away portions of integrated circuits 11, 11', and 51 overlaying integrated circuits 12, 12' and 52 in order to better illustrate the multiple layers of the alternate embodiment of FIG. 3.
Integrated circuit 11 of FIG. 1 is divided into integrated circuits 11, and 11' in FIG. 3. Integrated circuit 12 of FIG. 1 is divided into integrated circuits 12, and 12' in FIG. 3. Opto-electronic transmitter 13 is positioned such that light beams 24 and 27 provide interconnection between integrated circuits 11 and 12, while light beams 26 and 28 provide interconnection between integrated circuits 11' and 12'. Otherwise, the function of the interconnection between integrated circuits 11 and 12 and between integrated circuits 11' and 12' is similar to the discussion of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
Interconnection between integrated circuits 11 and 52 and between integrated circuits 12 and 51 is also illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. Bidirectional opto-electronic transmitter 53 emits continuous beams of light 54 and 56, which are split into four light beams by holographic diffractive elements 57 and 58, as previously described for bidirectional opto-electronic transmitter 13, beams of light 19 and 21, and holographic diffractive elements 22 and 23. Only one light beam, 59, diffracted by holographic diffractive element 57 and one light beam, 61, diffracted by holographic diffractive element 58 are depicted in FIG. 3. The other light beams would also be available for use as appropriate to the application.
Light beam 59 is modulated and reflected as modulated light beam 62 by reflective modulator 63. Reflective modulator 63 is coupled to integrated circuit 11, from which it receives data used to modulate light beam 59. Light beam 61 is modulated and reflected as modulated light beam 64 by reflective modulator 66. Reflective modulator 66 is coupled to integrated circuit 12, from which it receives data used to modulate light beam 61. The required holographic focus elements that focus modulated light beam 62 onto opto-electronic receiver 67 (FIG. 4) and focus modulated light beam 64 onto opto-electronic receiver 68 (FIG. 4) are not depicted in FIGS. 3 or 4 because of the limitations of the two-dimensional drawing. For this same reason, opto-electronic receiver 67, which couples to integrated circuit 52, and opto-electronic receiver 68, which couples to integrated circuit 51, are also not depicted in FIG. 3.
Bidirectional opto-electronic transmitter 73 emits continuous beams of light 74 and 76, which are split into four light beams by holographic diffractive elements 77 and 78, as previously described for bidirectional opto-electronic transmitter 53, beams of light 54 and 56, and holographic diffractive elements 57 and 58. Only one light beam, 79, diffracted by holographic diffractive element 77 and one light beam, 81, diffracted by holographic diffractive element 78 are depicted in FIG. 3. The other light beams would also be available for use as appropriate to the application.
Light beam 79 is modulated and reflected as modulated light beam 82 by reflective modulator 83. Reflective modulator 83 is coupled to integrated circuit 51, from which it receives data used to modulate light beam 79. Light beam 81 is modulated and reflected as modulated light beam 84 by reflective modulator 86. Reflective modulator 86 is coupled to integrated circuit 52, from which it receives data used to modulate light beam 81. The required holographic focus elements that focus modulated light beam 82 onto opto-electronic receiver 87 (FIG. 4) and focus modulated light beam 84 onto opto-electronic receiver 88 (FIG. 4) are not depicted in FIGS. 3 or 4 because of the limitations of the two-dimensional drawing. For this same reason, opto-electronic receiver 87, which couples to integrated circuit 12, and opto-electronic receiver 88, which couples to integrated circuit 11, are also not depicted in FIG. 3.
In this manner, data from integrated circuit 11 is transferred to integrated circuit 52 by reflective modulator 63, modulated light beam 62, and opto-electronic receiver 67. Data is simultaneously transferred from integrated circuit 52 to integrated circuit 11 by reflective modulator 86, modulated light beam 84, and opto-electronic receiver 88. At the same time, data from integrated circuit 51 is transferred to integrated circuit 12 by reflective modulator 83, modulated light beam 82, and opto-electronic receiver 87. Data is simultaneously transferred from integrated circuit 12 to integrated circuit 51 by reflective modulator 66, modulated light beam 64, and opto-electronic receiver 68.
It should be noted that the modulators and receivers shown in FIG. 4 can be interleaved so as to produce linear arrays of modulators and receivers, each parallel to the circuit edge similar to conventional input/output pad arrangements.
By now it should be appreciated that a unique optical interconnect system has been provided, which provides for efficient bidirectional data transfer between integrated circuits. High speed inter-circuit communication is facilitated by the efficiencies of optical interconnection. Because data transfer is bidirectional, there is no delay awaiting bus arbitration. By facilitating transfer of data between facing integrated circuits, the need to route data through a backplane is reduced, reducing the penalties of propagation delay and simultaneous switching noise.
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wireless optical telecommunication systemUS6970649Oct 30, 2001Nov 29, 2005International Business Machines CorporationWDMA free space broadcast technique for optical backplanes and interplanar communicationsUS7061944May 25, 2001Jun 13, 2006International Business Machines CorporationApparatus and method for wavelength-locked loops for systems and applications employing electromagnetic signalsUS7062166Sep 26, 2001Jun 13, 2006International Business Machines CorporationFirst and second derivative processing of wavelength multiplexed optical signalsUS7283697Oct 3, 2006Oct 16, 2007Motorola, Inc.Point to strip optical communication systemUS7302127Oct 3, 2006Nov 27, 2007Motorola, Inc.Strip to point optical communication systemUS7672594Dec 6, 2006Mar 2, 2010Motorola, Inc.Optical communication system with light guide having variable slidable point of entry or exitUS8009992 *Jun 11, 2007Aug 30, 2011Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Optical interconnectUS8267598Dec 6, 2006Sep 18, 2012Motorola Mobility LlcPoint to point optical communication system for conveying signals between multiple housings of a deviceEP0599213A1 *Nov 19, 1993Jun 1, 1994Robert Bosch GmbhDevice for coupling a light wave guide to at least one light emitting or receiving elementEP1350128A1 *Mar 1, 2001Oct 8, 2003PlanOp - Planar Optics LtdCompact dynamic crossbar switch by means of planar opticsWO1996000913A2 *Jun 28, 1995Jan 11, 1996Budil MatthiasHolographic neurochipWO1996036900A2 *Mar 15, 1996Nov 21, 1996Motorola IncHolographic optical isolator utilizing opto-electronic transmitter and receiver disposed in a packageWO1997012271A1 *Sep 30, 1996Apr 3, 1997Whitaker CorpBi-directional link submodule with holographic beamsplitterWO1998023981A1 *Oct 15, 1997Jun 4, 1998Motorola IncHolographic optical interconnect system and methodWO2002048769A1 *Mar 1, 2001Jun 20, 2002David YairCompact dynamic crossbar switch by means of planar opticsWO2009017771A2 *Jul 30, 2008Feb 5, 2009Robert BicknellOptical interconnect* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification385/37, 385/39, 359/15, 385/50, 385/14, 359/19, 385/24, 385/33International ClassificationG02B6/122, G02B6/43, G02B6/42Cooperative ClassificationG02B6/43, G02B6/4246European ClassificationG02B6/42C6, G02B6/43Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionAug 28, 2003FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Jun 7, 1999FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8May 25, 1995FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 4, 1990ASAssignmentOwner name: MOTOROLA, INC., SCHAUMBURG, IL A CORP OF DEFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RICHARD, FRED V.;REEL/FRAME:005438/0345Effective date: 19900828RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


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Curtis R. - Nashville Outdoor Adventures Club (Hermitage, TN)
http://www.meetup.com/The-Nashville-Outdoor-Adventures-Club/members/68411362/
been kayaking for several yrs ....
Which is more important and Money, Happiness, Friendship, Faith? actually they are all important What types of events do you like to participate in? would you consider posting events of interest to you and have other join you?
bonfires float trips etc .. night out parties ..good beer Are you willing to contribute $25 a year to help support this group yes
love the outdoor's kayaking fly fishing making new friends
669 Rock Climbers
5,003 Paddlers

type: global

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full screen flash map freelancers & jobs | Freelancer.com
Full screen flash map Freelancers & Jobs
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...enable full screen on a flash file I have created when a user clicks a view map button on my website.... view map button is on the left of the menu near the sign up button.
<http://www.green-watch.org/te...
PHP, Javascript, Flash, Project Management, Engineering, SQL, User Interface / IA, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Website Testing, MySQL, ActionScript, Website Management, Web Hosting
394046 Custom full screen MAPPY MAP
...custom full screen of a Map MAPPY
Making an interactive map in full screen with all the...
Map of a region for example:
http://www.bouygues-immobilier.com/jahia/Jahia/carte_des_...
...within the full window of the browser no matter how big your monitor resolution using Flash. I'd like...ABOUT FULL SCREEN PROJECT MODE.** What I am looking for is the script that renders a photo within
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see the link: http://www.cpcatalog.com/download/intro1
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Need a desktop promo display for a store. Needs to be colorful and eye catching as it is used to promote products. This can be a regular 6 - 10 times per year gig so please consider this a long trerm project Fast turnaround required. I...
Full Screen Google map page with search and clusters
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Full Screen Scrolling Map on Windows Mobile
...320 pda screen, in full screen mode, the central part of a a 720 x 960 jpg image. We need that the user...on the screen. The file can be loaded from a standard path, no need for run time change. A botton in the...240x32...
PHP, C Programming, Windows Desktop, Engineering, iPhone, Android, C# Programming, Software Architecture, Blackberry, Software Testing, Microsoft, MySQL
Full screen web site in Flash
Full screen web site, in Flash (php). Full screen without any bars. I will build all the visual...outside the full screen (for the slow internet ADSL in Brazil).
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Full screen background flash video
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...into a flash slide show, along with adding photo descriptions and contact information. The site would
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Milestone 1. 2 buttons & 2 ba...
PHP, XML, Flash, Website Design, Animation, MySQL, Anything Goes, ActionScript
...adjustments to a Flash intro animation here: http://www.mandaladesign.com.au/RAC/intro.html I would like the first...to be full screen and resize without distorting when the browser window is resized. The next part of...of the...
369382 Flash Full Screen Background
...fullscreen flash background loader.
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Simple flash full screen feature
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...be in flash, and php if you need to
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40105 Japan Flash Map
...require a Flash Map of Japan:
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The main screen will show the "areas"...category=tokyo
So the map links to Web Cams page for that particular state. We propose th...
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...Google/Yahoo Map to accommodate medium and full screen 360 panoramas in QTVR and Flash eider as ASP or PHP/MySQL
PHP, ASP, Website Design, Jun 4, 2007
...large full screen gallery that loads images and thumbnails from an XML file. It already has an interactive...done in Flash. It needs some basic AS3 animation including liquid expansion added to it. And to be able...& two...
Random full screen text!
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...need a full-page, dynamically-resizing image-based site with ultra simple image CMS. Can use Flash, HTML/CSS/JavaScript...easiest. Full mock-ups and examples provided. ## Deliverables
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357867 FLV Full screen fix
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326677 Flash animation: unfolding map
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318165 Flash auto goes to full screen
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Tutorial about full screen flash, noscale
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open a flash on youtube web site to a full screen
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swf embed and full screen mode
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phpfox, need full screen flash video player
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A Flash Map of the United States, similar in size, appearance and functionality as the one specified...
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...require a flash developer to build something similar to http://www.brookesbus.net/. The map I want to be...and the flash system must be able to pull these from a mysql database maybe via php? As I say I'm looking...furthe...
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value: This website is an Australian freelance marketplace website, which allows potential employers to post jobs that freelancers can then bid to complete. Founded in 2009, its headquarters is located in Sydney, Australia, though it also has offices in Vancouver, London, Buenos Aires, Manila, and Jakarta.


text:
9781551115948: Eikon Basilike with Selections from Eikonoklastes - AbeBooks - John Milton: 1551115948
John Milton Eikon Basilike with Selections from Eikonoklastes
ISBN 13: 9781551115948
ISBN 10: 1551115948 ISBN 13: 9781551115948
“This is a very intelligent and authoritative edition of Eikon Basilike, a text crucial for the study of seventeenth-century English literature and politics. The extraordinary textual duel between England’s fallen king, Charles I, and her epic poet, John Milton, has come to be seen as one of the great set-pieces of early modern polemical literature, and this edition now allows us to teach this compelling intertextual struggle in one volume. Not only do the editors offer a full and thoughtfully annotated text of the king’s book, but they also provide the most relevant sections of Milton’s brilliant response, Eikonoklastes―not to mention a rich selection of other contemporary contributions to the debate.” ― Paul Stevens, University of Toronto
“Eikon Basilike is one of the most popular and important texts of the seventeenth century, but has long been out of print. In printing with Eikon Basilike selections from John Milton’s response, Eikonoklastes, the editors reunite texts often studied by different disciplines. Notices of, and brief selections from, other attacks on and defences of ‘The King’s Book’ also return these works to the polemical print exchanges to which they belong and which they in turn shaped. As well as a useful working text for scholars in two disciplines, this edition will enable and stimulate discussions of the rhetorical contest for authority that was inseparable from political struggles in the England of the 1640s and 1650s.” ― Kevin Sharpe, Queen Mary, University of London
1. Eikon Basilike with Selections from Eikonoklastes
Book Description Broadview Press, 2005. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # M1551115948
2. Eikon Basilike With Selections From Eikonoklastes (Paperback)
Book Description Broadview Press Ltd, Canada, 2005. Paperback. Condition: New. Language: English. Brand new Book. Published just after the execution of King Charles I in 1649, Eikon Basilike is a defence of the king's motivations and actions prior to and during the British civil wars. Nine chapters of Eikonoklastes, John Milton's response to Eikon Basilike, are also included in this edition. Here Milton, writing from a republican perspective, attacks the substance and style of the King's Book. These fascinating texts are now available in an edition that also includes a rich selection of historical documents.This Broadview edition's critical introduction discusses the publication history and both seventeenth-century and current debates regarding the work and its authorship, while the appendices provide a generous selection of contemporary responses to Eikon Basilike and accounts of the king's trial and scaffold speech. Seller Inventory # AAN9781551115948
3. Eikon Basilike With Selections From Eikonoklastes (Paperback)
4. Eikon Basilike With Selections From Eikonoklastes (Paperback)
Book Description Broadview Press Ltd, Canada, 2005. Paperback. Condition: New. Language: English. Brand new Book. Published just after the execution of King Charles I in 1649, Eikon Basilike is a defence of the king's motivations and actions prior to and during the British civil wars. Nine chapters of Eikonoklastes, John Milton's response to Eikon Basilike, are also included in this edition. Here Milton, writing from a republican perspective, attacks the substance and style of the King's Book. These fascinating texts are now available in an edition that also includes a rich selection of historical documents.This Broadview edition's critical introduction discusses the publication history and both seventeenth-century and current debates regarding the work and its authorship, while the appendices provide a generous selection of contemporary responses to Eikon Basilike and accounts of the king's trial and scaffold speech. Seller Inventory # BZV9781551115948
5. Eikon Basilike with Selections from Eikonoklastes
Jim Daems (Editor), Holly Faith Nelson (Editor)
Book Description Broadview Press, 2005. Paperback. Condition: New. illustrated edition. Seller Inventory # DADAX1551115948
6. Eikon Basilike with Selections from Eikonoklastes
Book Description Broadview Press Ltd, 2005. PAP. Condition: New. New Book. Shipped from UK in 4 to 14 days. Established seller since 2000. Seller Inventory # CE-9781551115948
7. Eikon Basilike
Nelson, Holly Faith (Editor)/ Daems, Jim (Editor)
Book Description Broadview Pr, 2005. Paperback. Condition: Brand New. 1st edition. 336 pages. 8.25x5.25x0.75 inches. In Stock. Seller Inventory # __1551115948
8. Eikon Basilike with Selections from Eikonoklastes
Book Description Broadview Press, 2005. Paperback. Condition: New. Never used!. Seller Inventory # P111551115948
9. Eikon Basilike with Selections from Eikonoklastes
Book Description Broadview Press. PAPERBACK. Condition: New. 1551115948 New Condition. Seller Inventory # NEW99.0696924
10. Eikon Basilike with Selections from Eikonoklastes
Book Description Broadview Press, 2005. Paperback. Condition: New. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. Buy with confidence, excellent customer service!. Seller Inventory # 1551115948n

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text:
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Party Political Conference SNP Glasgow 2017 OP Post & Go Machin M007 | eBay
Details about Party Political Conference SNP Glasgow 2017 OP Post & Go Machin M007
Party Political Conference SNP Glasgow 2017 OP Post & Go Machin M007
postagelabelsuk (2518 )
16 Oct, 2017 18:18:38 BST
172925006737
Last updated on 13 Oct, 2017 23:59:46 BST View all revisions

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5,105 mobile phone price jobs found, pricing in USD
Web service for dance schools 23 hours left
Mobile Application Development for cards 16 hours left
...(may be change like price or something else) after this there should be some filters 2, Make or the brand (the can select ) 3, Rating ( like 1 KV ,2 KV etc..) 4, Phase ( 2 phase,3 phase ) 5,optional Items panles 5,provision for add contacting details like address,email 6,mobile phone verification (otp) 7,When complete the mobile verification the quote
... change like price or something else) after this there should be some filters 2, Make or the brand (the can select ) 3, Rating ( like 1 KV ,2 KV etc..) 4, Phase ( 2 phase,3 phase ) 5,optional Items panles 5,provision for add contacting details like address,email 6,mobile phone verification (otp) 7,When complete the mobile verification
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Original Xbox Breakaway Cable | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop bycategoryEnter your search keywordAll Categories Advanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi, #USER#!'.replace(/#USER#/,a))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi, (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellCustomer SupportMy eBayExpand My eBayNotifications
View all Xbox Breakaway Cable
Promoted item:Xbox Breakaway Cable for Original Xbox System
Xbox Breakaway Cable for Original Xbox System
You are bidding on Xbox Breakaway Cable for Original Xbox System. Xbox Controller Breakaway Cable. Compatible with Xbox Controller with Breakaway Port. Replace Your Damage or Missing Breakaway Cable. Condition
Seller id tecobo Seller feedback score 98.8% Positive Feedback
tecobo (8354
ORIGINAL MICROSOFT XBOX CONTROLLER TYPE S BLACK GAMEPAD WITH BREAK AWAY CABLE
You are buying a xbox type s black controller only. Comes with the break away cable. THE CONTROLLER is IN NICE CONDITION. Please look at all the pictures before buying, as they are part of the conditi...
Original XBOX - Controller Breakaway Extension Cable Break Away Adapter Cord
Tested and working Enjoy!
Original XBOX Controller Breakaway Cable Break Away Adapter Extension Cord Green
Since this cable has been used and loved before it may show signs of normal wear; but is 100% functional. Pre-owned but in very good shape. No smoke No Pets. Picture may not be the same item you will ...
You get one of the available working Microsoft Controller S-Type as shown. At the time of this listing there are six available. Buy one or more as quanitity is available. 29d 20h 28m left
Classic Original XBOX Breakaway Cable
You are looking at a brand new, in box classic breakaway cable for the original Microsoft Xbox. Do you love retro games? Search for Video Game Rescue. 8d 21h 40m left
ORIGINAL XBOX CONTROLLER w/BREAKAWAY CORD TESTED & WORKING GUARANTEED!
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Original Microsoft XBOX S controllers lot of 4 - 2 w/ Breakaway Cables
You are bidding on a Original Microsoft XBOX S controllers lot of 4 - 2 w/ Breakaway Cables . This includes all 4 controllers. Not sure if they work or not, I do not test them, they did work before we...
Buy It Now Microsoft Original Xbox "Duke" Big Official Controller Genuine w/Breakaway Cable
Still in great shape. Includes the breakaway cable.
6FT Original XBOX Controller Breakaway Extension Cable Break Away Adapter Cord
Original Microsoft Xbox Wired Controller with Breakaway Cable
Original Microsoft Xbox Controller Black with breakaway cable. This is used but in good working condition.
Mad Catz Breakaway Cable For Original Xbox
New and factory sealed. Packaging in good shape.
LOT OF 2 PCS -- This is the small cable wire piece that goes between the Original XBox controller and the console. This piece is often detached from the controller and lost -- they're hard to find but...
BREAKAWAY CABLE LEAD ADAPTER For Original Microsoft XBOX Console Controller
For Original Xbox wired controller. This is a used adapter. I will accept local pick-up for all purchases. I stand behind all I sell and try to offer a very nice product. 2d 21h 0m left
Xbox Original Controller Extension Cable Break Away Cable 6' NEW
For sale is a new in package original Xbox controller extension cable. This adds 6 feet of additional cable between your controller and game console. I ship out every chance I get. 4d 23h 20m left
Microsoft Original XBOX Gamepad "Duke" Controller w/ Breakaway Cable
Microsoft Xbox controller with breakaway cable and microphone adapter. Original "Duke" controller for the original Xbox console. Part # X08-17160
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Microsoft Xbox black original controller: Pelican Model PL-2057, wired, breakaway cable. Excellent condition. Probably only used a few times. No scratches or wear. All buttons feel like new. 1d 10h 14m left
Original Xbox Wired Controller Madcatz 3rd Third Party breakaway cord cable wire
Madcatz Original Xbox Controller thanks for looking! For ORIGINAL XBOX Only (NOT XBOX 360 / NOT XBOX ONE) This listing is for a used controller.... DOES NOT INCLUDE the breakaway cable! 1d 2h 15m left
lot of 2 Original Xbox Controller S with breakaway cable
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Original XBOX Official Big Duke Controller Black With Breakaway Cable TESTED!
Microsoft Original Xbox (not the 360) Big Duke Controller with Breakaway Cable. The controller has some very light play wear from normal use, but it is in good clean, working condition. 7d 5h 56m left
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Original Xbox Controller The Duke + breakaway cable. Great condition works lot A
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Original Xbox Breakaway Cable Dongle Genuine Tested Works!
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Xbox Original Controller Kepper Breakaway Extension Cable Adapter Extender Cord Xbox Original Controller Keeper Breakaway Extension Cable Adapter Extender Cord. Some minor signs of wear, but overall good used condition!! Controller works great! Remember...we accept offers! 29d 0h 29m left


text:
Template:User Member FGS | Learn | FamilySearch.org
Template:User Member FGSEdit This Page	From FamilySearch Wiki	(Difference between revisions)	Jump to:	navigation	, search	Revision as of 19:07, 21 September 2011 (view source)Lembley (Talk | contribs) (changing background color)← Older edit
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How to convert a Eclipse android project to use ant for build - Stack Overflow
How to convert a Eclipse android project to use ant for build
9 I have a android project in eclipse I would like to convert to be built with ANT instead.
How can I achieve this? I have tried exporting an ant build file but I'm pretty sure that's not going to work ( nor does it when running ant with the exported file ).
I do not know much about ant either so some explanation would also help.
EDIT: now I seem to have managed to create the needed build file but I need to add the projects libs like admob.jar to be seen by ant and used to build.
as I am getting the following error         -dex:
[echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into C:\Users\Jason
\Documents\Programming\Android\Android SVN\trunk\GPSAlarm\BusSnooze\bin\classes.
[apply] com.android.dx.util.ExceptionWithContext
[apply]     at com.android.dx.util.ExceptionWithContext.withContext(Exceptio
nWithContext.java:46)
[apply]     at com.android.dx.dex.cf.CfTranslator.processMethods(CfTranslato
r.java:340)
[apply]     at com.android.dx.dex.cf.CfTranslator.translate0(CfTranslator.ja
[apply]     at com.android.dx.dex.cf.CfTranslator.translate(CfTranslator.jav
[apply]     at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processClass(Main.java:297)
[apply]     at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processFileBytes(Main.java:
[apply]     at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.access$100(Main.java:56)
[apply]     at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main$1.processFileBytes(Main.jav
[apply]     at com.android.dx.cf.direct.ClassPathOpener.processArchive(Class
[apply]     at com.android.dx.cf.direct.ClassPathOpener.processOne(ClassPath
[apply]     at com.android.dx.cf.direct.ClassPathOpener.process(ClassPathOpe
[apply]     at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processOne(Main.java:245)
[apply]     at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processAllFiles(Main.java:1
[apply]     at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:139)
[apply]     at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:120)
[apply]     at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:87)
[apply] Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
[apply]     at com.android.dx.cf.code.ConcreteMethod.<init>(ConcreteMethod.j
r.java:243)
[apply]     ... 14 more
[apply] ...while processing <init> ()V
[apply] ...while processing com/google/android/apps/analytics/AnalyticsRecei
ver.class
android eclipse ant build share|improve this question edited Dec 16 '10 at 5:18
1,0551038
Can you post more of the error? Only the end of it is shown here. – Christopher Dec 15 '10 at 23:03
@Christopher: updated – Jason Dec 16 '10 at 5:18
Running android update project -p . on the command line, in the base folder of your project will create the necessary build.xml and supporting files for an Ant build.
46.2k76695
Thank you seems to have created the file will try it now :) – Jason Dec 15 '10 at 20:38
hmm seemed to get somewhere but there are many many compile errors about classes not implementing methods and stuff. while the code compiles and works perfectly from eclipse – Jason Dec 15 '10 at 20:42
Same issue as Jason, this works in most cases but not with all of my projects – schwiz Mar 7 at 6:18
While there may be no "Run Configuration to Ant" feature you can still open the run configuration and view the settings.
The Android Developers site has a section on using "Other IDEs"; here they cover a little on using Ant to compile if you're familiar with Ant already. share|improve this answer answered
Dec 15 '10 at 19:53
4,3222924
Yea but the build.xml file they keep speaking of does not exist – Jason Dec 15 '10 at 19:58
You generate the build.xml file in the "Creating an Android Project" step: developer.android.com/guide/developing/… . It does more than you need if you already have a project, but you could do it and then just grab the build.xml file it gives you and use that as your starting point. – Cheryl Simon Dec 15 '10 at 20:07
@Mayra so I can use the android create project command on an already existing project? – Jason Dec 15 '10 at 20:22
Probably not, but as I said you can use it to create a similar project (same name, namespace, etc), and then grab the relevant files (build.xml) and move them into your existing project. – Cheryl Simon Dec 15 '10 at 20:33
Ok thanks I will try this – Jason Dec 15 '10 at 20:49
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text:
Patent US6077837 - Prodrugs with enhanced penetration into cells - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe invention relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug which is a covalent conjugate of a pharmacologically active compound and an intracellular transporting adjuvant, characterized by the presence of a covalent bond which is scission-sensitive to intracellular enzyme activity. The prodrug may...http://www.google.com/patents/US6077837?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6077837 - Prodrugs with enhanced penetration into cellsAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6077837 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/178,210Publication dateJun 20, 2000Filing dateOct 23, 1998Priority dateJun 7, 1995Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS6166089, US6355629, US6413949, US20010007865Publication number09178210, 178210, US 6077837 A, US 6077837A, US-A-6077837, US6077837 A, US6077837AInventorsAlexander KozakOriginal AssigneeD-Pharm Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (98), Classifications (21), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetProdrugs with enhanced penetration into cells
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The DelawareInjectable controlled release fluid delivery systemUS20090005727 *Jul 8, 2008Jan 1, 2009Searete LlcAcoustically controlled substance delivery deviceUS20090018704 *Aug 22, 2008Jan 15, 2009Searete LlcMethod and system for control of osmotic pump deviceUS20090024114 *Aug 22, 2008Jan 22, 2009Searete LlcMethod and system for control of osmotic pump deviceUS20090054877 *Jul 8, 2008Feb 26, 2009Searete LlcAcoustically controlled substance delivery deviceUS20090162249 *Feb 12, 2009Jun 25, 2009Searete LlcAcoustically controlled reaction deviceUS20090162250 *Feb 12, 2009Jun 25, 2009Searete LlcAcoustically controlled reaction deviceUS20090222961 *Feb 26, 2008Sep 3, 2009Nicolas CatenaCatena malbec 'Clone 14'US20090227988 *Oct 19, 2007Sep 10, 2009Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of Th State Of DelawareInjectable controlled release fluid delivery systemUS20100184718 *Dec 2, 2009Jul 22, 2010Kucera Louis SCompositions and Methods for Double-Targeting Virus Infections and Targeting Cancer CellsCN100536851C *Jul 10, 2001Sep 9, 2009迪-药品有限公司Phospholipid derivatives of valproic acid and mixtures thereofWO2001019320A2 *Sep 13, 2000Mar 22, 2001D-Pharm LimitedPhospholipid prodrugs of anti-proliferative drugsWO2001019320A3 *Sep 13, 2000Sep 27, 2001Dpharm LtdPhospholipid prodrugs of anti-proliferative drugsWO2002007669A2Jul 10, 2001Jan 31, 2002D-Pharm Ltd.Phospholipid derivatives of valproic acid and mixtures thereofWO2002007669A3 *Jul 10, 2001Jan 9, 2003Dpharm LtdPhospholipid derivatives of valproic acid and mixtures thereof* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification514/77, 514/144, 554/79, 514/143, 554/78, 514/826, 514/117, 514/114, 554/80, 514/76International ClassificationC07F9/10, A61K31/352Cooperative ClassificationY10S514/826, A61K47/48038, A61K31/352, A61K47/48053, C07F9/10European ClassificationC07F9/10, A61K47/48H4F4, A61K47/48H4C, A61K31/352Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 18, 2003FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 16, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: D-PHARM. LTD., ISRAELFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KOZAK, ALEXANDRIA;REEL/FRAME:019715/0667Effective date: 19950606Sep 24, 2007FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Feb 9, 2009ASAssignmentOwner name: D-PHARM. LTD., ISRAELFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR & ASSIGNEE S ADDRESS, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 019715 FRAME 0667;ASSIGNOR:KOZAK, ALEXANDER;REEL/FRAME:022250/0845Effective date: 19950606Sep 19, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services