text:
Patent US4152381 - Method for preparing metallated filament-wound structures - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsMetallated graphite filament-wound structures are prepared by coating a continuous multi-filament carbon yarn with a metal carbide, impregnating the carbide coated yarn with a polymerizable carbon precursor, winding the resulting filament about a mandrel, partially curing the impregnation in air, subjecting...http://www.google.com/patents/US4152381?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4152381 - Method for preparing metallated filament-wound structuresAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4152381 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/751,623Publication dateMay 1, 1979Filing dateDec 17, 1976Priority dateDec 17, 1976Publication number05751623, 751623, US 4152381 A, US 4152381A, US-A-4152381, US4152381 A, US4152381AInventorsGeorge R. PetersonOriginal AssigneeThe United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of EnergyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (2), Classifications (14) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod for preparing metallated filament-wound structures
US 4152381 AAbstract
1. A method for preparing an erosion resistant filament wound graphite structure wherein rod-like pieces of a refractory metal carbide are disposed in the graphite structure in an end-to-end relationship in a plane parallel to and contiguous with the filaments forming the winding, comprising the steps of providing a continuous carbonaceous yarn with a coating of a refractory metal carbide, impregnating the yarn with a thermosetting carbonizable resin precursor, partially curing the resin precursor in the yarn in air at room temperature prior to winding the yarn on a mandrel, winding the impregnated yarn about a mandrel of the desired product configuration, warm pressing the wound composite at a temperature in the range of 200� to 300� C. at a pressure of 800 to 1200 psi, enclosing the resulting composite in a sizing die, and hot pressing the composite at a temperature in the range of 2000� to 3000� C. and a pressure in the range of 1000 to 2000 psi to graphitize the graphitizable components in the composite, said warm pressing and hot pressing steps effecting the coalescence of the refractory metal carbide coating for forming said rod-like pieces of the refractory metal carbide.
2. The method for preparing an erosion resistant filament wound graphite structure as claimed in claim 1, including the additional step of applying a tension loading of 500 to 700 grams on the yarn during the winding of the yarn on the mandrel.
3. The method for preparing an erosion resistant filament wound graphite structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the carbonaceous yarn is singly ply with 600 to 10,000 filaments in the ply with the filaments wound to form the yarn with about 2 to 3 turns per inch of length, and wherein the tension loading on the yarn provides a relatively flat ribbon-like wrap on the mandrel.
4. The method for preparing an erosion resistant filament wound graphite structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hot pressing of the composite is provided by a three-step cycle consisting of heating the composite to a temperature of about 2000� C. and a pressure loading of about 1000 psi for a duration of about 3 to 4 hours, heating the composite from about 2000� to 3000� C. at a pressure loading of about 2000 psi over a duration of about 3 to 4 hours, and maintaining the about 3000� C. temperature and the about 2000 psi pressure loading for a duration of 15 to 60 minutes.
5. The method for preparing an erosion resistant filament wound graphite composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbonizable resin precursor comprises partially polymerized furfuryl alcohol and up to about 6 weight percent camphor.
The present invention relates generally to the fabrication of metallated filament-wound composites, and more particularly to a method for preparing graphitized filament-wound composites in which metal carbides are incorporated in a uni-directional arrangement parallel with the wound filament.
High-temperature applications such as space reentry vehicles, rocket nozzles, combustion chamber liners, heat shields, and the like require the use of structural materials which exhibit high temperature strength, resistance to thermal shock, and good resistance to erosion and ablation. Considerable success has been achieved in this area by employing carbonaceous filament-wound structures. The use of carbonaceous filaments, i.e., carbon or graphite, has proven to be particularly desirable since these filaments are sufficiently light and flexible to permit the formation of structures of various configurations and are useful at high temperatures because of their strength improvement as the temperature increases. However, one of the problems frequently encountered in abrasive environments where ablation properties are desired is the erosion suffered by the filament-wound structure due to contact with dust particulates and other abrasives in the environment. The erosion resistance of the composite has been improved by incorporating carbides and other metallic materials in the composite. However, while the incorporation of the carbides and other metallic particulates tend to increase resistance to erosion there were still some shortcomings in that the carbides tended to migrate during the formation of the composite away from the point of best use and were not properly oriented with respect to the fiber orientations so as to sufficiently reduce the erosion of the fibers and matrix by the abrasive particulates.
Accordingly, it is the primary aim or goal of the present invention to provide a metallated filament-wound structure wherein the metal incorporated therein is in a particular orientation with respect to the filament orientation so as to substantially minimize the erosion of the composite when contacted by dust and other airborne abrasive particulates. Generally, the metallated fiber composite of the present invention is prepared by the steps of providing a continuous carbonaceous yarn, i.e., graphite or carbon, composed of a multiple number of loosely wound filaments with a carbide coating, passing the carbide coated filament through a bath of a carbonizable resin precursor, air curing the resin precursor, winding the yarn under tension onto a mandrel of the desired product configuration, heating the composite under pressure to further cure the resin precursor, placing the composite in a sizing die, and thereafter heating the composite under pressure for graphitizing the carbonaceous components of the composite. The application of the pressure loadings on the composite during the resin curing and the graphitizing steps was found to be instrumental in obtaining the microscopic structural alignment of the carbide with respect to the orientation of the fibers in that the metal carbide coalesces in the form of rod-like pieces disposed in line contiguous to and parallel with the yarn filaments. With these metal carbides rods exposed in an end-on position with the filaments, the ablation type applications especially in abrasive atmospheres required for the composite are greatly enhanced.
A flow diagram has been chosen for the purpose of facilitating the description of the method of the present invention. The illustration is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise steps disclosed. It is chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and their application in practical use to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the method in various steps and modifications of such steps as are best adapted to the particular use contemplated.
The FIGURE is a schematic illustration showing a flow diagram of the filament material as it progresses through the various treating, winding, and heating steps to the final composite.
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the present invention is directed to a method for fabricating a carbide-containing graphite filament graphite-matrix composite which is particularly useful in applications where such properties as thermal shock resistance, uniform low rate ablation, and high resistance to moisture and airborne particulate erosion are essential characteristics. Generally, the method comprises coating a continuous carbon or graphite yarn formed of a plurality of loosely wound monofilaments with a metal carbide and then impregnating the carbide coated yarn with a carbonizable resin precursor. This resin-impregnated yarn is then recoiled and the resin precursor allowed to partially cure in air at room temperature so as to increase the strength of the yarn for facilitating the winding of the latter about a mandrel, preferably in such a pattern that the plane in which the yarn lies is parallel to the direction or plane from which abrasion or ablation occurs. After the yarn is wound on a mandrel with a suitable number of layers, it is heated under pressure in an inert atmosphere of argon or nitrogen to polymerize or thermoset the resin to a more solid state than the aforementioned air cure. The composite is then placed within a sizing die and subjected to several cycles of heating under a pressure loading in argon or nitrogen so as to graphitize the resin and the yarn if the yarn is not already in a graphite form. The application of the pressure loading upon the composite during the thermosetting of the resin and the graphitizing steps provides a microscopic structural rearrangement of the carbide coating in that the carbide coating coalesces to form discrete rod-like bodies which are disposed between contiguous graphite filaments. These rod-like bodies are in a size range of 0.25 μm to 0.51 μm in diameter. The carbide rods are disposed in planes parallel with the filaments so as to provide an end-on position for leading edge type applications so as to substantially reduce the affects of ablation and abrasion upon the overall composite. Also by employing the pressure loadings during the resin thermosetting and graphitizing steps the contiguously disposed graphite filament were found to be bonded securely together by the graphitized resin. The matrix forming resin is in a concentration of less than about 1 weight percent. This relatively small quantity of matrix material results in a structure consisting virtually entirely of the graphite filaments and carbide rods and characterized by fine pores and less than about 7.5% porosity since the size of the pores in the wound composite are substantially reduced by the increase in filament density caused by the application of the pressure loadings. Also, each monofilamet in the filament is reduced in size and densified or the monofilament density is increased.
The carbonaceous yarn as used in the present method may be a yarn which has already been graphitized prior to coating with the metal carbide or a carbon yarn which has been carbonized by being heated to a carbonizing temperature below a graphitizing temperature. The carbonaceous yarn suitable for use in the method of the present invention includes carbon and graphite yarns produced from polymeric fibrous material such as polyacrylnitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, and natural or regenerated cellulose. The carbonaceous yarn is in a continuous form and of a single ply with 600 to 10,000 filaments in the ply. The yarn is preferably loosely wound with about 2 to 3 turns per inch so that it may be wound about the mandrel in a relatively flat ribbon-like configuration under tension as will be described in greater detail below.
The carbide coating on the yarn may be provided by employing a vapor deposition procedure wherein a carbide forming metal is a refractory metal halide in the form of a chloride, bromide or iodide with a metal such as titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, and the like. The carbide coating may be placed on the yarn by passing the yarn through an elongated furnace at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature in the range of 900�-1200� C. The metal halide is introduced into the furnace together with hydrogen and a hydrocarbon gas such as methane, C2 H2, C2 H4, or benzene. At the furnace temperature, the halide is thermally decomposed and then interreacts with the hydrocarbon gas in the presence of hydrogen with the decomposition products settling upon the carbon yarn to form a carbide coating. A carbide coating of a thickness in the range of about 600 to 1200 angstroms is sufficient for practicing the method of the present invention. Further details relating to the technique suitable for providing the carbide coating on the yarn are set forth in assignee's U.S. Pat. No. 3,781,173 which issued Dec. 25, 1973 in the name of John M. Napier et al.
After coating the carbonaceous yarn with the metal carbide the yarn is then infiltrated or impregnated with a carbonizable resin precursor. This impregnation step may be achieved by passing the carbide coated yarn through a bath containing the resin precusor. The resin precursors usable in the method of the present invention are preferably thermosetting resins such as phenolics, epoxys, partially polymerized furfuryl alcohols, and the like. These resin precursors provide a carbonizable binder for binding together adjacent carbide coated carbonaceous filaments during the graphitization of the binder and yarn. Also, the particular resins employed provide a high coking factor, i.e., a high percentage of graphite yield, when subjected to process temperatures in a temperature range described below. Normally, the quantity of the resin precursor necessary for the practice of the present invention is in the order of about 0.1 to 1.0 percent since with the warm and hot pressing steps employed in the practice of the present invention this relatively small percentage of resin precursor provides an adequate bonding between contiguously disposed filaments. The bath containing the carbonizable resin precursor is preferably diluted with a solvent which is readily volatilized at temperatures substantially lower than the process temperatures used for carbonizing the resin precursor. Satisfactory results may be obtained by using solvents such as acetone or methyl isobutyl ketone for the resins employed. Also a quantity of about 5 to 6 weight percent camphor is added to the impregnating bath for the purpose of wetting the yarn to improve dispersion of the resin precursor.
As the yarn is withdrawn from the resin impregnating bath it is preferably respooled prior to the winding operation for partially curing the resin precursor in air for approximately 2 to 4 hours at room temperature. This step of air curing the resin precursor evaporates most of the dilution solvents from the impregnant and provides sufficient strength to the filaments so as to permit the yarn to be wound about a mandrel under a tension loading which otherwise could not be used.
After air curing the resin, the impregnated yarn is wound under tension about the mandrel of the desired product configuration with the loosely twisted yarn spreading into an almost flat ribbon-like configuration on a mandrel. A tension loading of about 500 to 700 grams on the yarn provides a closely wound structure with minimal interstices between adjacent filaments.
Upon completion of the winding operation, the resin precursor is then thermoset by subjecting the yarn on the mandrel to a pressure loading in the range of about 800 to 1200 psi and a temperature in the range of about 200� to 300� C. for a duration of about 16 to 20 hours. This warm pressing operation may be accomplished by heating the wound structure in a closed graphite die mounted in an electrically heated hydraulic press wherein the pressure and temperature can be accurately controlled.
The resulting warm-pressed composite is then hot pressed at higher temperatures in a sizing die assembly of graphite or other suitable material by employing a multiple cycle operation. Satisfactory results have been achieved by heating the die-enclosed composite at a temperature in the range of about 2000� to 3000� C. at a temperature in the range of about 1000 to 2000 psi. The hot pressing of the composite may be achieved in any suitable manner such as by induction heating in a graphite die mounted in a hydraulic press provided with pressure and temperature controls. Preferably a three-step cycle is used for the hot pressing operation wherein the composite is first hot pressed from room temperature to 2000� C. in a period of about 3 to 4 hours at a pressure loading of 1000 psi, then heating the composite from 2000� to 3000� in about 3 to 4 hours while under a pressure loading of 2000 psi. This latter temperature and pressure is then maintained on the composite for a period of about 15 to 60 minutes. The resulting structure is a graphite structure with the graphitized resin providing a tenacious bond between the contiguously disposed graphite filaments. The density of the hot pressed composite is increased from about 1.4 g/cc to 2.19 g/cc during the graphitization cycle while the composite thickness is reduced about 34% by the hot pressing operation. The metal carbide incorporated in the composite coalesces during the hot pressing cycle to form long slender rods lined end-to-end with one another and lying parallel to the graphite filaments. The arrangement of the rods provide the composite with significant resistance to abrasion and ablation when subjected to abrasive and ablative environments.
In order to more clearly understand the method of the present invention an example relating to a typical fabrication of a leading edge structure is set forth below.
A flat graphite mandrel was covered with a layer of flaked graphite foil and coupled to a rotatable spindle for the winding operation. A continuous single ply carbon yarn containing 720 monofilaments loosely twisted together with about 3 turns per inch was coated with tantalum carbide by chemical vapor deposition. The average coating thickness was about 900 angstroms. The carbide coated yarn was then passed through an impregnating solution formed of 70% wt. % partially polymerized furfuryl alcohol, 24% furfuryl alcohol monomer, and 6 wt. % camphor, and 400 milliliters of acetone. The metal carbide coated yarn was then respooled and the impregnant cured in air at room temperature for 4 hours. The prepregged yarn containing 20 weight percent tantalum carbide was then guided from the spool and fastened to the mandrel and wound with a tension of 600 grams in a side-by-side arrangement. The wound composite was then heated at 250� in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen under a pressure of 1000 psi over a 16 hour period to thermoset the resin impregnant. The composite was then hot pressed and graphitized in a graphite die assembly with a three step cycle consisting of heating the composite in nitrogen from room temperature to 2000� C. in 2 hours at a 1000 psi loading. The second heating under pressure was from 2000� to 3000� C. in 3 hours under a pressure loading of 2000 psi. The third cycle consisted of holding the latter temperature and pressure for a period of thirty minutes.
The physical properties of the graphitized composite was a density of 2.19 g/cc with a porosity of 7.37 percent and with 100 percent of the pores being of a size less than 1.2 micrometers. The tantalum carbide content of the resulting composite was 15.4 weight percent with the carbide rods disposed along the length of the contiguously disposed filaments. These rods were in the range of about 0.2 to 0.5 microns in diameter.
As various changes may be made in the form and arrangement of the method steps herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without sacrificing any of its advantages, it is to be understood that all matter herein is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3644135 *Oct 18, 1968Feb 22, 1972Trw IncIn-situ carbiding of pyrolyzed compositesUS3712428 *Jun 22, 1970Jan 23, 1973Carborundum CoReinforced carbon bodiesUS3766000 *Mar 2, 1970Oct 16, 1973Mc Donnell Douglas CorpLow thermal expansion compositesUS3796564 *Jun 19, 1969Mar 12, 1974Carborundum CoDense carbide composite bodies and method of making sameGB1201654A * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *Roshid et al., "Development of Carbide Coatings for Graphite Filaments," Cer. Bull., vol. 51, No. 11 (1972), pp. 836-839.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4722817 *Mar 28, 1986Feb 2, 1988Agency Of Industrial Science & TechnologyMethod for production of continuous carbon fiber reinforced SiC compositeUS4741873 *Apr 15, 1986May 3, 1988Kaiser Aerotech, A Division Of Sowa & SonsMethod for forming rigid composite preforms* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification264/29.5, 264/325, 264/134, 501/95.1, 501/87International ClassificationD01F11/10, C04B35/83, D01F11/12Cooperative ClassificationD01F11/10, C04B35/83, D01F11/126European ClassificationD01F11/12G, C04B35/83, D01F11/10RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text:
Retail guru Sophie Mirman explains how she discovered her entrepreneurial side | Daily Mail Online
My light bulb moment: Retail guru Sophie Mirman explains how she discovered her entrepreneurial side
Published: 20:23 EST, 24 July 2016 | Updated: 23:36 EST, 24 July 2016
Sophie Mirman, 60, runs Trotters childrenswear shops and hairdressers. She explains how she discovered her entrepreneurial side
This is what 52 looks like: Wellness coach shares her tips... How to dress like a grown up: Fashion expert SARAH MOWER...
It struck me that those two things weren’t being catered for in the right way. It should be fun for children to go shopping in a place specially designed for them - full of colour and distractions. And that’s how the concept was born.
Thankfully, my idea worked - children loved it and, 25 years on, I now have six shops and a website (trotters.co.uk) that sells worldwide.

type: global

value: This website is the website of the Daily Mail, a newspaper in the United Kingdom, and of its sister paper The Mail on Sunday. MailOnline is a division of dmg media, which is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc.


text:
Luxury Leather ankle boots in grey with ties and zips to sides. S7/41. new/tag. | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hello -User-.'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hello (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch ListWish ListAll ListsPurchase HistorySellingMy CollectionsFollowed SearchesMessagesCollect & Spend Learn moreNotification Back to home page
Details about Luxury Leather ankle boots in grey with ties and zips to sides. S7/41. new/tag.
Luxury Leather ankle boots in grey with ties and zips to sides. S7/41. new/tag.
britanrit
Sell one like this	More chances to get what you wantFeedback on our suggestionsCLARKS Black Side Zip Leather Block High Heel Ankle Boots Size: 7/41£11.99+ £16.50 LILLEY & SKINNER Brown Side Zip Leather Block High Heel Ankle Boots Size: 7/41£11.99+ £14.50 Description
eBay item number:331961336144
Brand: Tu luxury leather
Product ID: boots
TAG Heuer Luxury: Sport Styles Leather Wristwatches,
TAG Heuer Luxury: Dress Styles Leather Wristwatches,
TAG Heuer Genuine Leather Strap Luxury Watches,
New Rock Zip Stiletto 100% Leather Upper Boots for Women,
New Look Women's Synthetic Leather Zip Block Boots

value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
Networking Event - How to Transition to Food, Music & Jewelry Industries! - For employees and startups Tickets, Tue, Mar 20, 2018 at 6:00 PM | Eventbrite
Networking Event - How to Transition to Food, Music & Jewelry Industries! -...
Tue, March 20, 2018, 6:00 PM – 8:30 PM EDT
eBay Community Space
Startup founders have a mission - to change the world for the better! And Stage2Startups believes people with experience can jumpstart their mission with a little help. Sometimes you're looking for the motivation, sometimes for validation, sometimes for a teammate. Whatever it is, you might find it by hearing some of the experience of our March speakers - how they transitioned to or worked with startup founders.
Jessica Sobhraj worked in the music industry but saw the difficulties involved with intellectual property and that musicians had a misunderstanding of how expensive legal agreements would be. So she created an inexpensive way for musicians to protect their intellectual property. Join us as Jessica shares her journey of transition from employee at Rumblefish, the world leader in music micro-licensing to her own startup as CEO of Cosynd.
Mehul Sompura is a former hedge fund manager who decided that he preferred being an entrepreneur and has created the world's first AR-enabled diamond comparison company, Diamond Hedge.
Rachel Roth was a fashion marketer and journalist who transitioned to becoming a food entrepreneur with the creation of Opera Nuts, a chocolate and almond confection inspired by her love of opera. Prior to www.Operanuts.com, Rachel prepared for her move while keeping her "day job" by launching "A Moveable Feast Picnics" at Tanglewood.
Kathrine Gregory created Mi Kitchen es su Kitchen, a wildly successful kitchen incubator over 20 years ago. After working in and founding restaurants and managing catering facilities, she is now a consultant to the food industry and has seen her share of food startups. Currently engaged with the Queens Economic Development Corporation's Entrepreneurs' Space, a professional incubator production facility to nurture food entrepreneurs, Kathrine says that 70% of the entrepreneurs she has worked with did not have intensive food experience other than "a passion for food."
6:30 pm Founders panel & Q&A
To learn more and hear founders from earlier sessions, check our videos at: S2S Founders Series.
Sign up now and join a new community of people who are going to change the world for the better, a community of entrepreneurs with prior work experience. All attendees will be added to a new listserv -- for the new S2S Community where you can connect with other S2S members. You elect to join or not to join!
Image Rights: Stage2Startups may record your image, photograph, and voice by any technology means at this event ("Recording") and use in various media, advertising or any other lawful purpose and by attending the event, you release Stage2Startups from any claims resulting from use of the Recording.
We prefer that attendees be 18 or above. There's no ID requirement. We request that if you register guests, please send their names and email addresses to info@stage2statups.org so we can give the names to security. Also, if we do not have the email of your guests, they cannot be members of the S2S Community listserv.
eBay's accelerator office is located on Sixth Avenue between 18-19th streets. It is easily accessible to subways going to Union Square or the 1 subway is on 18th street and 7th avenue.
Something to write notes with as we will probably be recording. We will supply light refreshment to make sure our guests are hydrated and not hungry.
If you have any questions, please email info@stage2startups.org.
Networking Event - How to Transition to Food, Music & Jewelry Industries! - For employees and startups at eBay Community Space
625 6th Avenue, New York, NY 10011
Networking Event - How to Transition to Food, Music & Jewelry Industries! - For employees and startups
Holiday Networking - around the room 10 second pitches from everyone!
Coalition Space: Flatiron - Thanks to our Host!, New York
[CVC-NY] 8th Annual Columbia Startup Demo Night in New York City
Building a D2C Startup

value: This website is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events.


text:
The Amateurs Lathe | eBay
View all LatheThe Amateurs Lathe
Boxford LatheColchester LatheHarrison LatheMetal LatheMini LatheSmall LatheWoodturning Lathes
Browse RelatedBrowse RelatedLathe BookMyfordMyford Lathe ML7Windows 7 for DummiesKnurling ToolColchester TriumphSheet Metal WorkTess of The D'urbervillesAlso shop inAlso shop inBooks, Comics & Magazines
THE AMATEURS LATHE BOOK SPAREY £9.50Buy it nowFree P&P14 watching | 54 sold	View detailsTHE AMATEURS LATHE. A great book. Illustrated paperback.Condition:NewTime left:18d 17h 52m
User ID chronos_ltd_engineering_supplies (Feedback score 125608)The Amateur's Lathe paperback book L.H. Sparey 1997 ed. Direct from Myford-Stuff
£7.50Buy it nowFree P&PThe Amateur's Lathe paperback book L.H. Sparey 1997 ed. Direct from Myford-Stuff. The Amateur’s Lathe paperback book. By Lawrence H. Sparey. Published in 1997.The Amateur's Lathe - L.H. Sparey - Myford - ( HARDBACK )
£16.95Buy it nowFree P&PThe Amateur's Lathe - L.H. Sparey. Hardback version.The Amateurs Lathe,PB,Sparey, L. H. - NEW
£7.36Buy it nowFree P&PTitle: The Amateurs Lathe,PB,Sparey, L. H. - NEW. Author: Lawrence H. Sparey. Publisher: Special Interest Model Books.Book: The Amateur's Lathe By L.H.Sparey
£10.00Buy it now+ £2.50 P&PThe Amateur's Lathe - L H Sparey 1977 - As Photo
£10.00Buy it now+ £2.00 P&PThe Amateur's Lathe - L H Sparey 1977 - As Photo All readable, the usual scuff marks. Cover torn in places. Please see my other listings for thousands more tools / books etc
The Amateur's Lathe, Lawrence H. Sparey | Paperback Book | 9780852422885 | NEW
£8.72Buy it nowFree P&PThe Amateur's Lathe, Lawrence H. Sparey. Title: The Amateur's Lathe. Antiquarian Books New Books Used Books Music Film/TV Games Wholesale Other. Author(s): Lawrence H. Sparey. Binding: Paperback. ISBN...THE AMATEUR'S LATHE by Lawrence Sparey (1974)
£10.00Buy it nowor Best Offer+ £2.95 P&PThe Amateur's Lathe first appeared in 1948 and remained for over 50 year (well after Sparey's death in 1986). Lawrence Sparey was a pioneer of model internal combustion engines for home construction i...The Amateur's Lathe New Paperback Book L.H. Sparey
£9.99Buy it nowFree P&PThis is a course of instruction which embraces almost every process that can be accomplished with the small lathe, including information on tools, accessories and costs.Engineering books lathe workshop projects techniques hand book from Myford ltd
£11.90Buy it nowFree P&PA facsimile reprint of an early publication on using the Myford Lathe. Highly readable and very useful book of internest to all model engineers whether they own a Myford 7 or any other lathe. this boo...NEW The Amateurs Lathe
£11.61Buy it nowFree P&PCHILDREN'S & YOUNG ADULTS. OTHER BOOKS. TOYS |. Orders will be fulfilled by our own warehouse or a 3rd party supplier at our discretion. Add to Watchlist. COLLECTIONS & LOTS. Item Weight : 499 g. IS...The Amateur's Lathe Lawrence H. Sparey L.H. Sparey
£8.58Buy it now+ £2.80 P&PTitle: The Amateur's Lathe. Author: Lawrence H. Sparey L.H. Sparey. Subject: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Automotive. ISBN: 0852422881. Dimensions: 5.50 (W) x 8.75 (H) x 0.50 (D).Titanium grade 2 bar, 16mm dia x 6" long - freepost - other sizes available
£5.25Buy it nowFree P&PLATHE SMALL MAKE WADE C A V IDEAL FOR CLOCK AND MODEL MAKERS 12 INCH BED £145.00Buy it nowor Best Offer+ £0.00 P&P13 watchingUltrasonic Cleaning Fluid For Carburettors & Machine Parts
£8.07Buy it nowFree P&PAmateurs Lathe by Sparey Lawrence H
£6.69Buy it now+ £2.99 P&PAMATEUR MECHANICS WORKSHOP BK GEARS LATHE WORK SCREW THREADS DRILLS ++
£10.000 bids+ £2.00 P&P3 metalworking books
£10.00Buy it nowor Best Offer+ £3.00 P&PCarriage Digital readout for MYFORD ML7 series & Super 7 lathe
£70.00Buy it now+ £3.80 P&PLATHES & LATHE WORK - 80 RARE BOOKS - DVD- WOOD TURNING METAL WOODWORK CARPENTRY
£4.95Buy it nowFree P&P6 watching | 6 soldAMA180V - 7x12 - Lathe, Brand New
£765.00Buy it nowFree P&P48 watching | 1 sold100 Rare Books Manuals on DVD Lathe Work Turning Wood Metal Woodworking Mill D9
£4.95Buy it nowFree P&PScrew-cutting in the Lathe (Workshop Practice) - Paperback NEW Cleeve, Martin 19
£5.46Buy it now+ £1.00 P&P7 watching | 1 soldTitanium grade 2 bar, 1/4" dia x 12" long - freepost - other sizes available
£5.25Buy it nowFree P&PThe Amateur's Workshop, Ian Bradley | Paperback Book | 9781854861306 | NEW
£7.42Buy it nowFree P&PTitanium grade 2 bar, 1/4" dia x 6" long - freepost - other sizes available
£3.25Buy it nowFree P&PTitanium grade 2 bar, 5mm diameter x 6" long - Freepost - Other sizes available
£2.75Buy it nowFree P&PTitanium grade 2 bar, 5mm diameter x 12" long, freepost, other sizes available
£4.75Buy it nowFree P&PWatchmakers lathe, 6mm headstock with motor, tailstock and graver toolrest
£350.00Buy it nowor Best Offer+ £25.00 P&PScrew-cutting in the Lathe (Workshop Practice), Martin Cleeve | Paperback Book |
Browse RelatedLathe BookMyfordMyford Lathe ML7Windows 7 for DummiesKnurling ToolAdditional site navigation


text:
3 bedroom semi-detached bungalow for sale in West Acridge, Barton-Upon-Humber, DN18
www.rightmove.co.uk/property/45651300
FANTASTIC OPPORTUNITY TO PURCHASE THIS THREE BED SEMI DETACHED LARGER THAN AVERAGE BUNGALOW WITH NO CHAIN INVOLVED IN ONE OF BARTONS MOST SOUGHT AFTER AREAS
To view this media, please visit the on-line version of this page at www.rightmove.co.uk/property-for-sale/property-45651300.html?premiumA=true
Disclaimer - Property reference 7355225. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Beercocks, Barton. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.
30 Jan 2017 88 West Acridge, DN18 £258,000
14 Oct 2016 64 West Acridge, DN18 £135,000

value: This website is a UK-based company that runs rightmove.co.uk, the UK's largest online real estate portal and property website. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.


text:
Biden is too gaffe-prone; Sanders and Warren are too far left; Buttigieg, too young – is anyone capable of beating Trump?
Wed 1 Jan 2020 03.30 EST Last modified on Wed 26 Feb 2020 12.55 EST
After more than a year of Democratic candidates’ campaigning, voting will finally begin on 3 February. Photograph: UPI/Barcroft Media
Democrats overwhelmingly agree that their top priority in 2020 is to remove Donald Trump from office. But which of the many Democrats running for president is best suited to the task remains a source of deep anxiety and division less than five weeks before the Iowa caucuses.
After more than a year of campaigning, the Democratic presidential primary enters the final sprint before voting begins on 3 February in Iowa in a familiar but fluid state: Joe Biden in the lead, trailed by Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren with Pete Buttigieg also showing signs of strength in the early states.
But, in what has become a quadrennial dilemma for a party prone to fretting over elections, Democrats appear unsatisfied with their choices and worry none of their candidates can beat Trump. A CNN poll from last month found that only 31% of potential Democratic primary voters are very satisfied with the field, the lowest level of its three surveys that asked that question.
Democrats fear Biden is too old, gaffe-prone and does not excite the activist base. They also worry Sanders and Warren are too far left and will alienate moderates. And they worry Buttigieg is too young and inexperienced.
“Suddenly every candidate has clay feet. Voters are worried. There is no perfect candidate but there never is,” said Elaine Karmack, a veteran of Democratic presidential campaigns who studies primaries as a scholar at the Brookings Institution.
Fear of another Trump election has turned Democrats into self-professed pundits, determined to suss out the most “electable” candidate. The perception that Biden is best placed to beat Trump, at least among some voters, has strengthened his resilience despite a series of stumbles and controversies. A central thesis of Biden’s campaign – which he increasingly states in blunt terms on the campaign trail – is that he is the candidate most likely to reassemble a Democratic coalition by appealing to white working class voters who Trump won over in 2016 and to black voters who are critical to the Democratic base.
But rising in second place is Sanders, who rebounded from a heart attack in October and sinking poll numbers earlier this year. His “comeback” has reinforced – and even expanded – his standing among the party’s left wing after months of watching Warren rise to to the front of the pack.
‘The last two candidates standing’
The policy debate and jostling between the party’s many factions has framed much of the contest until this point. Biden and Sanders, the only candidates to have previously run for president, represent the ideological poles of the primary field – and two competing theories of how to beat Trump.
Biden argues Trump is an aberration who can be defeated by the election of a president with the goodwill and experience to unite the country and restore the nation’s standing abroad. Sanders believes Trump is a symptom of an American political system and economy warped by money, greed and inequality. In his view, rooting out Trumpism will require not only a Democratic president but sweeping political and economic reforms.
The divide over which path to take in 2020 has emerged as a central fault line in the Democratic race.
“In this primary we must commit to being aspirational – to really explain what we expect the next president to build not just by refuting what Trump has done but by building a vision for a future that comes after Trump,” said María Urbina, the national political director for progressive group Indivisible. “If you’re not excited to vote for somebody, your neighbors and your friends – everyone who we need to turn out this election to beat Trump’s turnout machine – are probably not going to be very excited to vote for them either.”
In December, Indivisible released a scorecard that ranks the 2020 Democratic field by how closely each candidate aligned with top progressive priorities. The scorecard is a way to signal to its thousands of local organizations which candidates they should back. Warren earned the highest score at 95% while Biden ranked the lowest at 50%.
Warren rose steadily last summer to the top of the field with a registry of plans that would fundamentally remake the US economy but she has receded in recent months amid criticism over her health care proposal. Warren and Sanders, ideological allies whose supporters overlap, are now tangled up for second and third place. Progressive groups are taking sides even as the candidates refuse to go after one another out of fear of antagonizing the other’s supporters, which one of them would need to consolidate to win the nomination.
Moderates, meanwhile, are hopeful that the two will divide the left and keep each other from capturing the nomination. But after years of losing factional feuds, progressives are emboldened by their political prominence in the race.
“The beauty of having more than one progressive candidate in the race is that they have a large, strong base and they have the resources and infrastructure to go all the way into the 2020 calendar year,” said Rebecca Katz, a liberal political consultant. “It’s possible we could be in a situation where they are two of the last candidates standing – and that’s a good thing for the progressive movement.”
Even as polling paints a steady picture of the primary race, the contest remains far from settled.
Perhaps one of the biggest uncertainties is Michael Bloomberg, the billionaire former New York mayor who entered the race in late November. His strategy for winning the nomination is unorthodox: he won’t contest the early states that every other candidate is scrapping over. Instead, he has poured tens of millions of dollars from his personal fortune into TV and digital advertising into the big, delegate-rich Super Tuesday states going to the polls on 3 March.
But there is plenty of time for other surprises before then.
One of the most significant developments in the race so far came in November, when Kamala Harris, a US senator from California and the only black woman running for president, abruptly ended her campaign.
Her departure sparked a debate among Democrats over how the most diverse primary field in political history has stratified into a top-tier of only white and mostly male candidates.
The discussion briefly boosted fundraising for Cory Booker, the New Jersey senator who is black, and Julián Castro, the former housing secretary who is Latino. But the fleeting attention wasn’t enough to qualify for the December debate, and Castro subsequently dropped out of the race. Tech entrepreneur Andrew Yang, who is polling at 3% nationally and is Asian American, said during the last debate that it was “both an honor and disappointment to be the lone candidate of color” on stage.
No candidate of color has yet qualified for the next debate in January in Iowa, as the first voters prepare to actually cast their ballots.
But the Democrats will now have to compete for media attention with the Senate impeachment trial expected in January. For the senators running for president, this will require time off the campaign trail and in Washington to participate as jurors in the trial.
Several candidates have staked their campaigns on a strong finish in Iowa, including Buttigieg, Sanders and Amy Klobuchar, the US senator from Minnesota. Biden’s team has signaled that it has low expectations for Iowa. Instead, Biden expects to pull ahead in South Carolina, where he maintains a strong base of support among black voters.
On the campaign trail and the debate stage, the candidates will make their closing arguments to voters. After months of debating policy and politics, their final pitches are expected to focus on the issue that matters most to Democrats: why they are the party’s best hope of beating Trump.
“Right now, the biggest priority for Democratic voters is who can beat Donald Trump,” said Michael Starr Hopkins, a Democratic strategist who previously worked on John Delaney’s 2020 presidential campaign.
“It’s not the whole game but it’s the most important part of it because if you thought what Trump did in his first term was bad, imagine what he is capable of in a second term.”

value: This website is a British news and media website owned by the Guardian Media Group. It contains nearly all of the content of the newspapers The Guardian and The Observer, as well as a substantial body of web-only work produced by its own staff, including a rolling news service.


text:
Patent US20020039119 - Print control system, print control method, and recording medium having ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA print control system according to the present invention comprises: a paper rear edge holding/driving control part for driving and controlling a paper feed motor so that the rear edge of a paper, which is fed by the paper feed motor, is held in a predetermined holding region; a usual paper feed control...http://www.google.com/patents/US20020039119?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20020039119 - Print control system, print control method, and recording medium having recorded print control programAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20020039119 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 09/956,797Publication dateApr 4, 2002Filing dateSep 21, 2001Priority dateSep 21, 2000Also published asDE60107348D1, DE60107348T2, DE60119997D1, DE60119997T2, DE60125604D1, DE60125604T2, EP1191413A1, EP1191413B1, EP1465030A2, EP1465030A3, EP1465030B1, EP1465031A2, EP1465031A3, EP1465031B1, EP1465032A2, EP1465032A3, US6747429, US7075262, US20040197126Publication number09956797, 956797, US 2002/0039119 A1, US 2002/039119 A1, US 20020039119 A1, US 20020039119A1, US 2002039119 A1, US 2002039119A1, US-A1-20020039119, US-A1-2002039119, US2002/0039119A1, US2002/039119A1, US20020039119 A1, US20020039119A1, US2002039119 A1, US2002039119A1InventorsHitoshi IgarashiOriginal AssigneeSeiko Epson CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (6), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPrint control system, print control method, and recording medium having recorded print control program
US 20020039119 A1Abstract
A print control system according to the present invention comprises: a paper rear edge holding/driving control part for driving and controlling a paper feed motor so that the rear edge of a paper, which is fed by the paper feed motor, is held in a predetermined holding region; a usual paper feed control part for controlling the paper feed motor so as to carry out a usual paper feed operation; and a control selecting part for selecting one of the paper rear edge holding/driving control part and the usual paper feed control part on the basis of the kind and feed amount of the paper and the presence of detection of the rear edge of the paper. Images(23) Claims(24)
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0122] Referring now to the accompanying drawings, particularly to FIGS. 10 through 24, the construction of a preferred embodiment of a print control system according to the present invention will be described below. [0123] The construction of a print control system in this preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 10. The print control system in this preferred embodiment further comprises a paper rear edge holding/driving control part 80, a paper rear edge position counter 95 and a control selecting part 96, in addition to the conventional print control system 6 shown in FIG. 6. Furthermore, a usual paper feed control part 100 shown in FIG. 10 comprises the position counter 6 a, the subtracter 6 b, the target speed calculating part 6 c, the speed calculating part 6 d, the subtracter 6 e, the proportional element 6 f, the integrating element 6 g, the differentiating element 6 h and the adder 6 i, which are provided in the conventional print control system 6 shown in FIG. 6. That is, the usual paper feed control part 100 comprises the elements provided in the conventional print control system 6 shown in FIG. 6, except for the D/A converter 6 j, the timer 6 k and the acceleration control part 6 m. [0124] Referring to FIG. 11, the operation of the print control system in this preferred embodiment will be described below. [0125] First, on the basis of a start-up command, the PF motor 1 is started by the acceleration control part 6 m to start a paper feed operation. At this time, the control selecting part 97 determines the kind of a paper and a print mode (see step F1 in FIG. 11), and in the case of kinds of paper and modes other than the specific kinds of paper and the specific print modes, the control selecting part 97 selects the usual paper feed control part 100 (see step F2 in FIG. 11), so that the same paper feed operation as the conventional case is carried out. [0126] In the case of the specific kind of paper (e.g., a thick paper), the routine goes to step F3 wherein it is determined whether the rear edge of the paper has been detected by the paper detecting sensor 15. If it is determined that the rear edge of the paper has not been detected, the control selecting part 97 selects the usual paper feed control part 100 (see step F2 in FIG. 11), so that the same paper feed operation as the conventional case is carried out. [0127] If it is determined at step F3 that the rear edge of the paper has been detected, the present position of the rear edge of the paper is counted by the paper rear edge position counter 95 on the basis of the output of the encoder 13 (see step F4 in FIG. 11). Then, on the basis of the counted value and a target value of a paper feed amount, the control selecting part 97 determines whether the rear edge of the paper is stopped in a paper rear edge holding region after the present paper feed control is completed (see step F5 in FIG. 11). Furthermore, the paper rear edge holding region means a region X shown in FIG. 116. [0128] If it is determined at step F5 that the rear edge of the paper is not stopped in the paper rear edge holding region, the control selecting part 97 selects the usual paper feed control part 100 (see step F2 in FIG. 11), so that the same paper feed operation as the conventional case is carried out. [0129] If it is determined at step F5 that the rear edge of the paper is stopped in the paper rear edge holding region, the control selecting part 97 selects the paper rear edge holding/driving control part 80 to carry out a paper rear edge holding/driving control (see step F6). Therefore, when the rear edge of the paper is stopped in a region Y shown in FIG. 9, i.e., a region Y from the position of the paper detecting sensor 15 to the paper rear edge holding region X, or when the rear edge of the paper passes through the paper rear edge holding region X, the paper rear edge holding/driving control part 80 is not selected. Furthermore, the paper rear edge holding/driving control part 80 is also selected by the control selecting part 97 when the rear edge of the paper is started from the paper rear edge holding region. [0130] Referring to FIGS. 12 through 24, the construction and operation of the paper rear edge holding/driving control part 80 will be described below. The construction of the paper rear edge holding/driving control part 80 is shown in FIG. 12, and its operation is shown in FIG. 13. [0131] The paper rear edge holding/driving control part 80 comprises a position counter 81, a period counter 82, a control selecting part 84, a timer interruption control part 85, an encoder interruption control part 86, a hold control part 87, a differential control part 88, and selecting parts 89 and 90. This paper rear edge holding/driving control part is used for controlling the rear edge of the paper so that the rear edge of the paper is held in the paper rear edge holding region. [0132] The position counter 81 is designed to detect the leading and trailing edges of each of the output pulses ENC-A and ENC-B of the encoder 13 to count the number of the detected edges to output a pulse in synchronism with the leading and trailing edges. In this counting, when the PF motor 1 is normally rotating, if one edge is detected, �+1� is added, and when the PF motor 1 is reversely rotating, if one edge is detected, �−1� is added. [0133] The period counter 82 is designed to detect the leading and trailing edges of each of the output pulses ENC-A and ENC-B of the encoder 13 to count a time (period), which is required for the paper to move 1/4 of the distance between adjacent slits of the code plate 12, by, e.g., a timer counter, to output a counted value T-cur. [0134] The control selecting part 84 has a timer counter 84 a having a set value Timer. This timer counter 84 a starts a count in response to a selection signal from the control selecting part 97, and carry out the count until the counted value reaches the set value Timer. When the counted value reaches the set value Timer or when the timer counter 84 a receives an output pulse from the position counter, the timer counter 84 a is reset to start a count from zero again. [0135] In addition, when the control selecting part 84 receives an output pulse from the position counter 81, if the rear edge of the paper is positioned in a target range including the target position as shown in FIG. 14, the control selecting part 84 selects the hold control part 87. If the rear edge of the paper is positioned beyond the target range, the control selecting part 84 selects the timer interruption control part 85 or the encoder interruption control part 86 on the basis of a counted value T when the timer counter 84 a receives the output pulse from the position counter 81. Even if the counter value T reaches the set value Timer, if the timer counter 84 a does not receive the output pulse from the position counter 81 (it is regarded as T>Timer in this case), i.e., if the paper 50 is stopped or is far more slowly moving than the target speed, the control selecting part 84 selects the timer interruption control part 85. If the counted value T is the set value Timer or less, the control selecting part 84 selects the encoder interruption control part 86. Therefore, the control selecting part 84 carries out the operation for selecting one selecting part of the above described three control parts, every time the control selecting part 84 receives an output pulse from the position counter 81 or when the counted value of the timer counter 84 a reaches the set value Timer. [0136] When the timer interruption control part 85 is selected by the control selecting part 84, the timer interruption control part 85 determines a current I-cur, which is to be added to the PF motor 1, on the basis of the position and traveling direction of the rear edge of the paper, which are obtained from the output of the position counter 81, to output the determined current I-cur to the selecting part 89. [0137] When the encoder interruption control part 86 is selected by the control selecting part 84, the encoder interruption control part 86 determines a current I-cur, which is to be added to the PF motor 1, on the basis of the position and traveling direction of the rear edge of the paper, which are obtained from the output of the position counter 81, and the period T-cur which is obtained from the output of the period counter 82, to output the determined current I-cur to the selecting part 89. [0138] When the timer interruption control part 85 is selected, the selecting part 89 selects the output of the timer interruption control part 85 to transmit the selected output to the selecting part 90, and when the encoder interruption control part 86 is selected, the selecting part 89 selects the output of the encoder interruption control part 86 to transmit the selected output to the selecting part 90. [0139] The differential control part 88 is designed to calculate a speed deviation of the present speed of the rear edge of the paper from a reference speed, on the basis of the period T-cur which is obtained from the output of the period counter 82, and to determine a change current value I-crtD according to the difference between the calculated speed deviation and a speed deviation during the last interruption, i.e., during the last operation. Furthermore, the change current value IcrtD may be obtained by multiplying the difference between the speed deviation of the present speed of the rear edge of the paper from the reference speed and the speed deviation during the last operation, by a constant corresponding to the calculated speed deviation. [0140] On the basis of the position and traveling direction of the rear edge of the paper which are obtained from the output of the position counter 81, the hold control part 87 determines a current I-cur, which is to be added to the PF motor 1, so as to hold the position of the rear edge of the paper in an allowable range during hold shown in FIG. 14 when the rear edge of the paper is positioned in the above described allowable range, and the hold control part 87 operates the timer interruption control part 85 or the encoder interruption control part 86 via the control selecting part 84 when the rear edge of the paper is positioned beyond the above described allowable range. [0141] When the hold control part 87 is selected, the selecting part 90 selects the output of the hold control part 87 to transmit the selected current I-cur, which is to be added to the PF motor 1, to the D/A converter 6 j, and when the hold control part 87 is not selected, the selecting part 90 selects the output of the selecting part 89 to transmit the selected current I-cur, which is to be added to the PF motor 1, to the D/A converter 6 j. This current I-cur is converted into an analog current by the D/A converter 6 j, and the PF motor 1 is driven by the driver 2 on the basis of the analog current. [0142] Referring to FIG. 13, the schematic operation of the paper rear edge holding/driving control part 80 will be described below. [0143] First, if the paper rear edge holding/driving control part 80 is selected, the control selecting part 84 determines whether the selection is carried out for the first time or for the second time or more (see step F10). In the case of the first time, I-cur=I-start is set as the initial value of the current value I-cur (see step F11). In the case of the second time or more, the last hold current value I-hold is set as I-cur=I-hold as the initial value of the current value I-cur (see step F12). [0144] Subsequently, it is determined whether the counted value T of the timer counter 84 a is Timer (see step F13). When T>Timer, the timer interruption control part 85 is selected by the control selecting part 84, so that a timer interruption control is executed (see step F14). When T≦Timer, the encoder interruption control part 86 is selected by the control selecting part 84 (see step F15), so that an encoder interruption control is carried out. [0145] Then, on the basis of the output of the position counter 81, the control selecting part 84 determines whether the present position of the rear edge of the paper is positioned in the target range LR shown in FIG. 14 (see step F16). When the rear edge of the paper is not positioned in the target range LR, the routine returns to step F13 to repeat the above described steps. [0146] When the rear edge of the paper is positioned in the target range LR, the hold control part 87 is selected by the control selecting part 84, so that a hold control is carried out. [0147] Referring to FIG. 15, an example of the operation of the timer interruption control part 85 will be described below. [0148] First, the present position I of the rear edge of the paper is verified (see step F20). Subsequently, the traveling direction Dir in the paper feed operation is verified (see step F21), and it is verified that the present period T-cur is Timer (see step F22). [0149] Thereafter, on the basis of the output of the position counter 81, it is determined whether the present position of the rear edge of the paper is in the target range (between L and R) shown in FIG. 14 (see step F23). When the present position of the rear edge of the paper in the target range (between L and R), the present current value is not changed (see step F24). When the present position of the rear edge of the paper is not in the target range and is positioned on the side of LL shown in FIG. 14, the routine goes to step F25 wherein a value obtained by adding a controlled variable I-stepT1 to the present current value I-cur is set to be I-cur (I-cur=I-cur+I-stepT1). When it is determined at step F23 that the rear edge of the paper is positioned on the side of RR shown in FIG. 14, the routine goes to step F26 wherein a value obtained by subtracting the controlled variable I-stepT1 from the present current value I-cur is set to be I-cur (I-cur=I-cur−I-stepT1). [0150] Subsequently, at step F27, a present speed coefficient V-rad is set to be zero, and at step F28, the differential control part 88 is called to calculate a differential controlled variable I-curD. [0151] Thereafter, at step F29, a value obtained by adding the differential controlled variable I-curD to the present current value I-cur is set to be I-cur (I-cur=I-cur+I-curD). On the basis of the current value I-cur calculated at step F29, a motor control is carried out (step F30). That is, the current value I-cur is fed to the D/A converter 6 j via the selecting parts 89 and 90, so that the PF motor is controlled. [0152] Referring to FIG. 16, an example of the operation of the above described differential control part 88 will be described below. [0153] First, if the differential control part 88 is called, it is determined at step F40 whether this call is a call from the timer interruption control part 85. If it is not the call from the timer interruption control part 85, the routine goes to step S41 wherein the last traveling direction Dir-last before control is set to be the present traveling direction Dir-cur. Thereafter, at step F42, the present speed V-rad is obtained from the present period T-cur (V-rad=α/T-cur), and the routine goes to step F44. Furthermore, α is a coefficient for converting period into speed. In the case of the call from the timer interruption control part 85 at step F40, the present speed V-rad is initialized to be �0� (step F43), and the routine goes to step F44. [0154] At step F44, the present speed V-rad is compared with the upper limit speed V-radD in the differential control. If the present speed V-rad exceeds the upper limit speed V-radD, the present speed V-rad is set to be the upper limit speed V-radD (see step F45), and the routine goes to step F46. If the present speed V-rad is the upper limit speed V-radD or less at step F44, the routine goes to step F46. [0155] At step F46, the present speed is subtracted from a reference speed V-rad-limitB in the differential control to calculate an acceleration coefficient β-rad2. Subsequently, at step F47, it is determined whether the paper feed direction Dir is the normally rotating direction. In the case of the normally rotating direction, the routine goes directly to step F49. In the case of the reversely rotating direction, the routine goes to step F48 wherein a value obtained by multiplying the present acceleration coefficient β-rad2 by −1 is newly set to be the present acceleration coefficient β-rad2, and the routine goes to step F49. [0156] At step F49, the last acceleration coefficient β-rad1 is subtracted from the present acceleration coefficient β-rad2 to obtain an acceleration coefficient β-rad. [0157] Thereafter, at step F50, the obtained acceleration coefficient β-rad is multiplied by the differential controlled variable (current value) I-stepD to obtain a differential controlled variable I-curD. Thereafter, in preparation for the next differential control, the last acceleration coefficient β-rad1 is set to be the present acceleration coefficient β-rad2 (see step F51). [0158] Then, it is determined at step F52 whether the absolute value of the obtained differential controlled variable I-curD is not greater than the upper and lower limit value I-curD-limit of the differential controlled variable. If it is not greater than the upper and lower limit, the differential controlled variable I-curD is not changed, and if it exceeds the upper and lower limit, the absolute value of the differential controlled variable I-curD is set to be equal to the upper and lower limit, to complete the differential control (see step F53). Furthermore, at this time, the sign of the differential controlled variable I-curD is set to remain the original sign. [0159] Referring to FIG. 17, an example of the operation of the motor control described referring to FIG. 15 will be described below. [0160] First, it is determined at step F32 whether the absolute value of the present current value I-cur is not greater than the upper and lower limit value I-max of the current value. If it exceeds the upper and lower limit value I-max, an error processing is carried out. If it is not greater than the upper and lower limit value I-max, the routine goes to step F34 wherein it is determined whether the present current value I-cur is not less than zero. If it is zero or more, the routine goes to step F35 wherein the PF motor 1 is driven in the normally rotating direction in the paper feed operation. If it is less than zero, the routine goes to step F36 wherein the PF motor 1 is driven in the reversely rotating direction in the paper feed operation. Thus, the motor control is carried out. Furthermore, referring to FIG. 18, an example of the error processing carried out at step F33 will be described. First, at step F37, an all-off-braking operation is set to stop the PF motor 1 to stop the paper feed operation. Subsequently, at step F38, an error message is outputted, and the processing is completed. [0161] Referring to FIGS. 19 through 21, an example of the operation of the encoder interruption control part 86 will be described below. [0162] First, at step F60, after the PF motor 1 is started for the present control, it is determined whether the number of calls for the encoder interruption control part 86 is five or more. If it is four or less, the routine goes to step F76 shown in FIG. 20 wherein the initial value I-stepESt of the encoder interruption controlled variable is added to the present current value I-cur. Thereafter, at step F77, the above described motor control is carried out. [0163] It is determined at step F60 that the number of calls for the encoder interruption control part 86 is five or more, the verification of the present position P of the rear edge of the paper (see step F61), the verification of the traveling direction Dir in the paper feed operation (see step F62), and the verification of the present period T-cur (see step F63) are carried out. [0164] Thereafter, at step F64, the present position of the rear edge of the paper is determined. If the rear edge of the paper is positioned in the target range (between L and R) shown in FIG. 14, the routine goes to step F65 wherein the traveling direction Dir in the paper feed operation is determined. If the traveling direction Dir is the normally rotating direction in the paper feed operation, the calculation of a hold current value I-hold, which will be described below, is carried out (see step F66). Subsequently, at step F66, a value obtained by subtracting the hold current value I-hold from the present current value I-cur is newly set to be the present current value I-cur. If the traveling direction is the reversely rotating direction in the paper feed operation, the routine goes to step F68 wherein the calculation of the hold current value I-hold is carried out. Subsequently, at step F69, a value obtained by adding the hold current value I-hold to the present current value I-cur is newly set to be the present current value I-cur. [0165] Then, at step F70, the operation is changed to a hold control, and the number V-times of arrivals at the target range is counted (see step F71). Then, the target range rushing direction Dir-hold is set to be the present traveling direction Dir-cur (see step F72), and the present traveling direction Dir-cur is set to be the traveling direction Dir (step F73). [0166] Subsequently, at step F74, the differential control part 88 is called to calculate a differential controlled variable I-curD. Thereafter, at step F75, a value obtained by adding the differential controlled variable I-curD to the present current value I-cur is newly set to be the present current value I-cur. Subsequently, a motor control is carried out on the basis of the present current value (see step F77). [0167] Referring to FIG. 19 again, it is determined at step F64 shown in FIG. 19 that the present position of the rear edge of the paper is arranged on the side of the range LL shown in FIG. 14, the routine goes to step F78 shown in FIG. 20. At step F78, if the traveling direction Dir-cur in the paper feed operation is the normally rotating direction in the paper feed operation, the routine goes to step F79, and if it is the reversely rotating direction in the paper feed operation, the routine goes to step F80. [0168] At step 79, the present period T-cur is compared with the encoder period T-limitD at the upper limit speed, the encoder period T-limitB (>T-limitD) at the reference speed, and the encoder period T-limitL (>T-limitB) at the lower limit speed, and a controlled variable is determined in accordance with the compared results. Then, a value obtained by adding the determined controlled variable to the present current value I-cur is newly set to be the present current value I-cur (see step F79). Thereafter, the routine goes to step F74 shown in FIG. 19, and a differential control is carried out. The controlled variable determined at step F79 is as follows. If the present period T-cur is smaller than T-limitD, the controlled value is −I-stepE1, and if T-cur is T-limitD or more and less than T-limitB, the controlled variable is −I-stepE2. In addition, if T-cur is T-limitB or more and less than T-limitL, the controlled variable is zero, and if T-cur is T-limitL or more, the controlled variable is +I-stepE3. [0169] At step F80, a value obtained by adding the controlled variable I-stepE4 to the present current value I-cur is newly set to be the present current value I-cur. Thereafter, the routine goes to step F74 shown in FIG. 19, and a differential control is carried out. [0170] Referring to FIG. 19 again, at step F64 shown in FIG. 19, if the present position of the rear edge of the paper is arranged on the side of the range RR shown in FIG. 14, the routine goes to step F81 shown in FIG. 21. At step F81, if the traveling direction Dir-cur in the paper feed operation is the normally rotating direction in the paper feed direction, the routine goes to step F82, and if it is the reversely rotating direction in the paper feed operation, the routine goes to step F83. [0171] At step F82, a value obtained by adding the controlled variable I-stepE4 to the present current value I-cur is newly set to be the present current value I-cur. Therefore, the routine goes to step F74 shown in FIG. 19, and a differential control is carried out. [0172] At step F83, the present period T-cur is compared with T-limitD, T-limitB and T-limitL, and a controlled variable is determined in accordance with the compared results. Then, a value obtained by adding the determined controlled variable to the present current value I-cur is newly set to be the present current value I-cur (see step F83). Thereafter, the routine goes to step F74 shown in FIG. 19, and a differential control is carried out. [0173] The controlled variable determined at step F83 is as follows. If the present period T-cur is less than T-limitD, the controlled variable is +I-stepE1, and if T-cur is T-limitD or more and less than T-limitB, the controlled variable is +I-stepE2. In addition, if T-cur is T-limitB or more and less than T-limitL, the controlled variable is zero, and if T-cur is T-limitL or more, the controlled variable is −I-stepE3. [0174] Referring to FIG. 22, an example of the operation of the hold control part 87 will be described below. [0175] First, the verification of the present position P of the rear edge of the paper, the verification of the traveling direction Dir, and the verification of the present period T-cur are carried out (see steps F90, F91 and F92). [0176] Then, at step F93, the present position of the rear edge of the paper is determined. If the present position of the rear edge of the paper is within the stop allowable range LL�RR shown in FIG. 14, the routine goes to step F94 wherein the present current value I-cur is newly set to be the present current value. Thereafter, the routine goes to step F100. [0177] At step F93, if the rear edge of the paper is positioned outside of the point LL, a value obtained by adding the controlled variable I-stepH1 to the present current value I-cur is set to be the present current value (see step F95). Thereafter, at step F96, the encoder interruption control part 86 or the timer interruption control part 85 is called by the control selecting part 84, and an encoder interruption control or a timer interruption control is carried out. Thereafter, the routine goes to step F100. [0178] At step F93, if the rear edge of the paper is positioned outside of the point RR, a value obtained by subtracting the controlled variable I-stepH1 from the present current value I-cur is newly set to be the present current value I-cur (see step F97). Thereafter, at step F98, the encoder interruption control part 86 and the timer interruption control part 85 is called by the control selecting part 84, and an encoder interruption control or a timer interruption control is carried out. Thereafter, the routine goes to step F100. [0179] At step F100, the present speed coefficient V-rad is initialized to be �0�. Thereafter, at step F101, the differential control part 88 is called to obtain a differential controlled variable I-curD. Then,at step F102, a value obtained by adding the differential controlled variable I-curD to the present current value I-cure is newly set to be the present current value. [0180] Then, at step F103, it is determined whether the paper feed operation is stopped and the stop time is not greater than the upper limit value T-hold-limit. If the stop time exceeds the upper limit value T-hold-limit, the present current value I-cur is not changed, and the routine goes to step F105. If the stop time is not greater than the upper limit value T-hold-limit, the present current value I-cur is set to be �0�, and the routine goes to step F105. [0181] At step F105, the above described motor control is carried out. Thereafter, the routine goes to step F106 wherein it is determined whether the number of entrances to the hold control from the timer interruption control or the encoder interruption control, i.e., the number of variations V-times, is not less than the number of stop determining vibrations V-time-limit. If it is not less than the number of stop determining vibrations, the routine goes to step F109 wherein it is determined that the stop determination is OK. If it is less than the number of stop determining vibrations, the routine goes to step F107. [0182] At step F107, it is determined whether the stop time H-time is not less than the stop determining time H-time-limit. If it is not less than the stop determining time, the routine goes to step F109 wherein it is determined that the stop determination is OK. If it is less than the stop determining time, the routine goes to step F108 wherein it is determined that the stop determination is NG. [0183] Finally, referring to FIG. 23, the calculation of the hold current value I-hold used for the encoder interruption control will be described below. [0184] First, at step F120, it is determined whether the number of vibrations V-times is 1. If the number of vibrations V-times is equal to 1, the routine goes to step F121 wherein the hold current value I-hold is set to be the hold reference current I-hold-base. If the number of vibrations V-times is not equal to 1, the routine goes to step F122 wherein it is determined whether the present traveling direction Dir-cur in the paper feed operation is equal to the target range rushing direction Dir-hold. If it is equal to the target range rushing direction Dir-hold, the routine goes to step F123 wherein a value obtained by subtracting the hold current correction value I-hold-ad from the present hold current I-hold is set to be a new hold current value I-hold. At step F122, if it is not equal to the target range rushing direction Dir-hold, the routine goes to step F124 wherein a value obtained by adding the hold current correction I-hold-ad to the present hold current value I-hold is set to be a new hold current value I-hold. [0185] As described above, according to the print control system in this preferred embodiment, the rear edge of the paper can be held in the paper rear edge holding region, and the paper feed precision can be ensured even in the vicinity of the rear edge of the paper. [0186] The present invention is particularly effective when a servomotor (DC motor, AC motor) is used for controlling an object to be controlled as follows. [0187] That is, the present invention is effective: [0188] a) in a case where the control is changed to the control of the present invention to carry out a positioning control after the positioning is roughly carried out by the PID control when a positioning control is precisely carried out; [0189] b) in a case where the control is changed to the control of the present invention to carry out a positioning control after a speed control is roughly carried out to a target position (e.g., the control of a pump motor or the like for operating a suction pump for ink in the case of a printer); [0190] c) in a case where a paper is fed while a torque is held in order to separate the paper in a paper storage portion; [0191] d) in a case where the control of the present invention is applied to cope with a load generating when a continuous paper is cut by a cutter mounted on a carriage; and [0192] e) in a case where the control of the present invention is applied when a thick paper is fed at a low speed. [0193] Referring to FIGS. 24 and 25, a preferred embodiment of a recording medium, in which a motor control program has been recorded, according to the present invention will be described below. [0194]FIGS. 24 and 25 are a perspective view and block diagram showing an example of a computer system 130 which uses a recording medium in which a motor control program in this preferred embodiment has been recorded. [0195] In FIG. 24, the computer system 130 comprises a computer body 130 including a CPU, a display unit 132, such as a CRT, an input unit 133, such as a keyboard or mouse, and a printer 134 for carrying out a print. [0196] As shown in FIG. 25, the computer body 131 comprises an internal memory 135 of a RAM, and a built-in or exterior memory unit 136. As the memory unit 136, a flexible or floppy disk (FD) drive 137, a CD-ROM drive 138 and a hard disk drive (HD) unit 139 are mounted. As shown in FIG. 24, a flexible disk or floppy disk (FD) 141 which is inserted into a slot of the FD drive 137 to be used, a CD-ROM 142 which is used for the CD-ROM drive 138, or the like is used as a recording medium 140 for use in the memory unit 136. [0197] As shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, it is considered that the FD 141 or the CD-ROM 142 is used as the recording medium 140 for use in a typical computer system. However, since this preferred embodiment particularly relates to a control program for use in the printer 134, the motor control program of the present invention may be recorded in, e.g., a ROM chip 143 serving as a nonvolatile memory which is built in the printer 134. [0198] Of course, the recording medium may be any one of FDs, CD-ROMs, MO (Magneto-Optical) disks, DVDs (Digital Versatile Disks), other optical recording disks, card memories, and magnetic tapes. [0199] The recording medium 140 in this preferred embodiment is designed to carry out a control procedure including steps F1 through F6 shown in FIG. 11, a control procedure including steps F10 through F17 shown in FIG. 13, a control procedure including steps F20 through F30 shown in FIG. 15, a control procedure including steps F40 through F53 shown in FIG. 16, a control procedure including steps F32 through F36 shown in FIG. 17, a control procedure including steps F37 through F38 shown in FIG. 18, a control procedure including steps F60 through F77 shown in FIG. 19, a control procedure including steps F78 through F80 shown in FIG. 20, a control procedure including steps F81 through F83 shown in FIG. 21, a control procedure including steps F90 through F109 shown in FIG. 22, and a control procedure including steps F120 through F124 shown in FIG. 23. [0200] As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to ensure a paper feed precision even in the vicinity of the rear edge of a paper. [0201] Although each control is executed on the basis of the current values in the above-described embodiment according to the present invention, each control may be executed on the basis of the voltage values. [0202] While the present invention has been disclosed in terms of the preferred embodiment in order to facilitate better understanding thereof, it should be appreciated that the invention can be embodied in various ways without departing from the principle of the invention. Therefore, the invention should be understood to include all possible embodiments and modification to the shown embodiments which can be embodied without departing from the principle of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6963820Oct 28, 2003Nov 8, 2005Lexmark International, Inc.Analog encoder method for determining distance movedUS7106015 *Feb 25, 2005Sep 12, 2006Brother Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaMotor control device and motor control methodUS7328898 *Oct 31, 2005Feb 12, 2008Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaImage forming apparatus including timing determination unit, and corresponding sheet feeding methodUS7370863Oct 28, 2005May 13, 2008Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaDuplex image forming apparatus with feeding roller with at least three different speedsUS8413983Jan 31, 2012Apr 9, 2013Brother Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaImage forming apparatus with accurate sheet conveyanceUS20100054838 *Aug 28, 2009Mar 4, 2010Seiko Epson CorporationPrinting apparatus and printing medium conveying control method in printing apparatus* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification347/16, 347/37International ClassificationB41J11/42, B41J13/00, B41J19/96, B23Q35/128Cooperative ClassificationB41J13/0009, B41J11/42, B23Q35/128European ClassificationB23Q35/128, B41J13/00C, B41J11/42Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 9, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Nov 9, 2007FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 18, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION, JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:IGARASHI, HITOSHI;REEL/FRAME:012374/0670Effective date: 20011018Owner name: SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION 4-1, NISHI-SHINJUKU 2-CHOMFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:IGARASHI, HITOSHI /AR;REEL/FRAME:012374/0670RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


text:
Green Thumb Lawn Care in El Paso, TX with Reviews - YP.com
El Paso, TX Green Thumb Lawn Care
4. General Services Landscaping and Maintenance
6. Ransom Lawn Service
7. Jemez Landscaping and Tree Service
1930 Resler DrEl Paso, TX 79911
(915) 255-3056
8. Montgomery Sprinklers & Landscaping
9. Beavers Professional Tree Service
13. Al's Landscape Maintenance
14. Landscapes West
16. Double V Enterprises
8104 Starr AveEl Paso, TX 79907
(915) 859-3027
Unfortunately, Double V Enterprises constituate Maintenance Engineers is ruining the reputation for both companies. Through the owner Stewart Herman, Vice President Cathee Lincoln and Shaun Jackson I think this has to be a business through similarity in traits as I have never seen such unprofess…
17. MRD Landscaping Corp
18. Growing Concern
19. Nursery Casa Verde
77 Fountain RdEl Paso, TX 79912
20. Green Scene Inc
21. Javco Remodeling
22. Pooper Scoopers Inc
4923 Tetons DrEl Paso, TX 79904
(915) 755-4544
26. Southwest Greens of New Mexico
27. Clean-Cut Lawn Service Inc
28. Color Your World LLC
29. El Paso Custom Iron Works and Landscaping
3616 Esper DrEl Paso, TX 79936
Great service. We love our door and fence! Highly recommend. Will definitely use again!!! Thank you Sergio
30. Ochoa Landscaping
693 Pitts StEl Paso, TX 79912
(915) 258-1611
Related Articlesfor Green Thumb Lawn Caremore related articles »
It was time to get a new look for our front and backyard landscaping. We were trying to find the right landscaping company who could do the landscaping for the right price until we found Adobe. I need to say this company has been the most affordable yet the most outstanding company we had ever used. Everything was done very well and looks amazing! We are now ready to show off our new home's look for the holidays!
Hawkeye painting/yards sevs
Great group of guys they were very professional and courteous at the right price they were in time the work was done correctly and nice cool cool company
Rocio C. rated
5jranch rated
txguy67 rated
Abraham is a great businessman...
Chas T. rated
Adan H. rated
Great group of guys.prompt courteous respectful people did 100% what we asked him to and a great price to add

value: This website is a United States-based web site operated by YP Holdings that provides listings for local businesses. In 2013 it was re-branded as YP.com or simply "YP".


text:
Gulftech International, Inc.: Board of Directors - Bloomberg
Gulftech International, Inc. INSIDERS ON Board Members
Most Connected People on the Gulftech International, Inc. Board
To contact Gulftech International, Inc., please visit . Company data is provided by S&P Global Market Intelligence. Please use this form to report any data issues.

value: This website is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms. Since 2015, John Micklethwait has served as editor-in-chief.


text:
9780763657772 - Alibris Marketplace
Search for Books » ISBN: 9780763657772 Reset filters
Sesame Street Play-N-Learn Mazes
Rojo o azul, �mi amigo eres t�! Plaza Sesamo (Sesame Street Red or Blue, I Like You)
Sesame Street Holiday Activity Book (includes over 50 stickers)
Cookie Monster's Busy Day: Brand New Readers (Sesame Street Books) – Softcover (2012)
ISBN-13: 9780763657772
ISBN: 0763657778
Description: New. 0763657778 Thank you for your order. $$
New. 0763657778 Thank you for your order. $$
Description: New. 0763657778 Ships from PA. Check.
New. 0763657778 Ships from PA. Check.
Cookie Monster's Busy Day – Softcover (2012)
Description: BRAND NEW. 0763657778.
BRAND NEW. 0763657778.
Cookie Monster's Busy Day: Brand New Readers – Softcover (2012)
Description: Kwiat, Ernie. New. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. Brand...
Kwiat, Ernie. New. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. Brand New Readers (Paperback). Intended for a juvenile audience. In Stock. 100% Money Back Guarantee. Brand New, Perfect Condition, allow 4-14 business days for standard shipping. To Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. protectorate, P.O. box, and APO/FPO addresses allow 4-28 business days for Standard shipping. No expedited shipping. All orders placed with expedited shipping will be cancelled. Over 3, 000, 000 happy customers.
Description: Kwiat, Ernie. Fine. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. Brand...
Kwiat, Ernie. Fine. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. Brand New Readers (Paperback). Intended for a juvenile audience. In Stock. 100% Money Back Guarantee. Brand New, Perfect Condition, allow 4-14 business days for standard shipping. To Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. protectorate, P.O. box, and APO/FPO addresses allow 4-28 business days for Standard shipping. No expedited shipping. All orders placed with expedited shipping will be cancelled. Over 3, 000, 000 happy customers.
Description: Fine. 0763657778 *LIKE NEW* Ships Same Day or Next! Ships From...
Fine. 0763657778 *LIKE NEW* Ships Same Day or Next! Ships From Springfield, VA USA!

value: This website is is an online store that sells new books, used books, out-of-print books, rare books, and other media through an online network of independent booksellers.