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Patent US7057670 - Cursor control system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA method and apparatus for a novel cursor control system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the invention is a method of manipulating a cursor on a tv screen utilizing a wireless remote control. The method includes detecting a location on the screen pointed to by the remote control. The method also includes...http://www.google.com/patents/US7057670?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7057670 - Cursor control systemAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7057670 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/844,642Publication dateJun 6, 2006Filing dateApr 27, 2001Priority dateApr 27, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020005910, WO2001082595A1Publication number09844642, 844642, US 7057670 B2, US 7057670B2, US-B2-7057670, US7057670 B2, US7057670B2InventorsDan KikinisOriginal AssigneeDan KikinisExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (41), Referenced by (36), Classifications (23), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetCursor control system
US 7057670 B2Abstract
A method and apparatus for a novel cursor control system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the invention is a method of manipulating a cursor on a tv screen utilizing a wireless remote control. The method includes detecting a location on the screen pointed to by the remote control. The method also includes Transmitting the location to a set-top box.
a housing having an aperture:
a sensor within the housing, coupled to the housing at a location within an optical path from the aperture;
a microcontroller electrically coupled to the sensor and coupled to the housing;
a transmitter electrically coupled to the microcontroller and coupled to the housing;
a semi-mirror coupled to the housing and disposed within the optical path from the aperture between the aperture and the sensor; and
a light source coupled to the housing and disposed in a position relative to the semi-mirror suitable for emitting a light beam targeted at the semi-mirror which, upon reflection by the semi-mirror, follows the optical path from the semi-mirror to the aperture.
2. The remote control device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first focus element disposed in the optical path between the semi-mirror and the aperture.
3. The remote control device of claim 2, further comprising:
a second focus element disposed in the optical path between the semi-mirror and the first focus element.
4. The remote control device of claim 3 wherein:
the light source is a laser LED;
the first focus element is a blind; and
the second focus element is a blind.
This application claims priority to provisional application No. 60/200,817, filed Apr. 27, 2000, entitled “Novel Cursor System” which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates generally to interaction with televisions and more specifically to control of a cursor on a television utilizing a wireless remote control device.
An electronic programming guide on a television can behave in many ways similar to applications on a personal computer. However, televisions do not have cursors and cursor control devices built in as do personal computers. Moreover, the typical user on a couch is not in a position to efficiently use a conventional mouse or trackball. One alternative currently in use is a tiny black ball, integrated as a trackball into an infrared remote control, but this arrangement can be hard to handle. Also, to untrained users, such a device may seem awkward because it lacks the intuitive nature of pointing to an object with the remote control.
Another alternative in current use utilizes selection control arrow keys, which allow a selection highlight in a program to be moved in one of four directions depending on which arrow key is pressed. Again, this lacks the intuitive nature of pointing to an object. Furthermore, objects on the screen may not simply be left, right, up or down from adjacent objects, leading to unexpected jumps in the selection highlight.
Therefore, what may be advantageous is a remote control device that allows a user to point to an object on a television screen and then allows the user to choose the selected object on the television screen.
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system.
FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of an LCD screen.
FIG. 3 provides a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process.
FIG. 4 provides a flow diagram illustrating an alternate embodiment of a process.
FIG. 5 provides a flow diagram illustrating another alternate embodiment of a process.
FIG. 6 illustrates additional aspects of the embodiment of the system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 provides a flow diagram illustrating yet another alternate embodiment of a process.
FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a machine which may be used to implement one or more components of a system.
A method and apparatus for a novel cursor control system is described. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
A method and apparatus for controlling a cursor using a wireless remote control is described. This method and apparatus uses a detector in the remote control and a processor in a set-top box to determine what the remote control is pointing at, and the set-top box then processes this information to determine where or how to display a cursor on a tv screen or similar display. In one embodiment, a method or apparatus involves a tracking cursor on a screen which moves around as the user moves the remote control. An alternative embodiment employs a method or apparatus which includes a light source allowing a user to grab a cursor from its current location and move it to a desired location. Note that a wireless remote control may take any number of forms, using technology such as infrared, radio, modulated radio frequency, laser, for example. Also, devices such as PDAs using software and possibly utilizing add-on hardware that collectively allow for remote control of a television system may be referred to as wireless remote control devices.
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system. This includes screen 100, wireless remote control device 125, and set-top box 199. Screen 100 includes scan lines 101, invisible horizontal retrace lines 102 and invisible vertical retrace lines 103. Symbolically, scan lines are numbered with number set 104. In one embodiment, on line 2 is object 110, that the user would like to choose using remote control 125. Line of sight 120 points to object 110. Sensor 121 in the remote control 125 can sense when the scan of a tv electron beam (or similar scan on other display devices) touches the area of object 110. Additionally, in some embodiments, sensor 121 can sense when the motion of remote control 125 causes the line of sight to cross a boundary in an LCD screen. Accordingly, the location of object 110 may be calculated by timing the scan relative to the Hsync and Vsync signals. However, as this is a wireless remote control, there is no way to supply a pulse representing the scan of the screen at the targeted spot via a wired connection, as had been done in video games for example.
Instead of using wires, the pulse is processed by microcontroller 123 and sent as infrared signal 130 by infrared transmitter 124 to set-top box 199. Set-top box 199 receives the infrared signal in receiver 150 and then uses special controller 180, which may be implemented in either hardware, software, or some combination thereof, to compare the infrared signal 130 to video signal(s) 171. Calculations based on this comparison provide a location 181 which is furnished to a processor 198 (or similar device) to position the cursor as would a normal cursor-positioning signal. Thus, the system controller 198 (processor) can make the cursor visible by programming video chip 160, which may be a 2-D or 3-D video chip and which supplies video signals 170 to screen 100.
In one embodiment, the tracking cursor moves around the screen in response to the movements of the remote control 125 as detected by the detector 121 (sensor) and processed by the remote control 125 and set-top box 199. In an alternative embodiment, light source 127, for example a laser LED or other light source, is included in the remote control 125. Light source 127 is aimed at semi-mirror 126 which is interposed in the line of sight beam 120 between an aperture in the remote control 125 housing and sensor 121. Blinds 122 a and 122 b may be included to generate a narrow focus for line of sight beam 120, resulting in greater accuracy both in picking up a signal and in sending a light spot. The light spot may be a red light as used in laser pointers for example. The blinds 122 a and 122 b are focus elements, and may be implemented with other devices, such as lenses for example. In other embodiments, conventional lens systems may be utilized to accomplish a function similar to that of the focus elements 122 a and 122 b, such as but not limited to plastic lenses and lens arrays for example.
FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of an LCD screen as an example of flat panel technology, which may also include but is not limited to plasma, EL, organic, FET, and other flat panel technologies for example. Those (flat panel) screens do not necessarily use the same scan process used in CRT screens, so other methods of calculating a position may be necessary. Large LCD screens and some other flat panel display technologies do have multiple sectors. In this exemplary illustration, LCD screen 200 is illustrated with sector boundaries numbered 1–5 in the horizontal and vertical directions. In the numbering scheme illustrated, a sector may be addressed with a pair of coordinates, first a horizontal, then a vertical coordinate. Thus, sector 210 has coordinates 1,1. Similarly, sector 220 has coordinates 1,4, sector 230 has coordinates 3,3 and sector 240 has coordinates 4,5. As illustrated, the coordinates correspond to the righthand and bottom boundaries of the sector. However, other numbering schemes and addressing schemes may be utilized to uniquely identify sectors on an LCD. It will be appreciated that other, similar approaches may be applied depending on actual screens connected. In some cases the user may have to go through a setup or initialization routine to configure the system to the correct type of screen.
With LCD screens and/or projector screens, the user may have to grab the cursor (such as with a light spot) and move the cursor, with transitions across sector boundaries detected to track motion for example. The implied track of motion may be displayed based on which sector boundaries are crossed. The processing involved in such a system may be accomplished in controller 180 for example. As will be appreciated, controller 180 may be a piece of software used with processor 198, specialized hardware, or some combination of the two. Furthermore, as will be appreciated, the infrared system including elements 124, 130 and 150 may alternatively be implemented as a wireless system using radio-frequency transmission or inductive transmission for example.
FIG. 3 provides a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process. This process, in one embodiment, illustrates a process of utilizing a remote control device to operate a cursor on a tv screen. At block 310, the cursor and remote control device are initialized with respect to the system. At block 320, the cursor is manipulated by the remote control device, such as moving the cursor or selecting an item pointed to by the cursor. At block 330, the cursor is displayed by the system in accordance with the manipulations actually detected by the system. Some manipulations, such as moving the cursor around in an area not corresponding to the screen may not be detected by the system, thus leading to no display of changes in the cursor. The manipulation and display portions of the process may be repeated, and, at times, the initialization process may be repeated.
FIG. 4 provides a flow diagram illustrating an alternate embodiment of a process. In one embodiment, the process illustrated relates to the process of sensing and updating the cursor location. At block 410, the current location of the cursor is sensed, such as by the method described with respect to FIG. 1 previously. At block 420, the location of the cursor is transmitted to the controller, either as some form of explicit location, or as an indication of when a synchronizing signal was sensed. At block 430, the display of the cursor is updated based on the location transmitted at block 420. This process may be repeated as long as the system is active.
FIG. 5 provides a flow diagram illustrating another alternate embodiment of a process. At block 510, the cursor is grabbed, such as by having the remote control device pointed at the cursor (as illustrated by a light spot for example) and selecting the cursor for example. At block 520, the grab of the cursor is transmitted to the set-top box, thus informing it that the cursor is to be monitored. At block 530, the cursor is moved, such as by moving the remote control until it points at another portion of the screen. At block 540, the movement of the cursor is transmitted to the set-top box, thus allowing for an update of the display of the cursor's position and potential detection of changes in what the cursor may select. This move and transmit portion of the process may be repeated and may occur over various time intervals, leading to either smooth motion of a cursor or jumps in the cursor's apparent location on the display. At block 550, the cursor is released by the user, such as by explicitly releasing the cursor. At block 560, the release is transmitted to the set-top box, thus allowing it to stop monitoring the cursor movements. As will be appreciated, the release need not be explicit, it may be implicit in other processes within the remote control device or the set-top box. For example, selection of an entry on a display may trigger an automatic release, as may expiration of a timer at a predetermined time after either a grab or a last move of the cursor. Such implicit releases may be detected or determined in the set-top box, eliminating the need for transmission, or may be detected or determined in the remote control device and transmitted to the set-top box.
FIG. 6 illustrates additional aspects of the embodiment of the system of FIG. 1. Initialization of the system may be important to properly tracking movement of the cursor, and may depend on various environmental and system variables. As a result, determination of delays or latencies in processor 123, transmitter 124 and receiver 150 among other components (or paths such as line of sight 120 and transmission 130) in the embodiment of FIG. 1 may be necessary. As illustrated, line of sight 120 is pointed at target 108A which is displayed on screen 100 along with targets 108B and 108C. By pointing at the targets in a predetermined sequence or as instructed to by the system, the user may synchronize the system and allow for measurement of the delays in the system. Effectively, the system may be calibrated. Note that the number and position of the targets is important only to the extent that they are known in advance for calculation purposes. Furthermore, correlation and calibration may be accomplished in a variety of ways, which may include other methods such as dynamically passing the remote control over a given part of the screen. Moreover, correlation may also involve selecting targets or releasing targets in systems utilizing such features.
FIG. 7 provides a flow diagram illustrating yet another alternate embodiment of a process. At block 710, a target is selected or pointed to. At block 720, the selection is transmitted, or alternatively the detected location is transmitted. At block 730, the transmission is correlated to known signals within a set-top box, resulting in a determination of expected delays between an action at the remote control device and receipt of a corresponding transmission at the set-top box.
FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a machine which may be used to implement one or more components of a system. For example, the machine may implement the set-top box or the remote control with suitable changes or enhancements. The machine 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810 and an interface 830 coupled to the processor 810. As will be appreciated, multiple processors 810, memories 820 and interfaces 830 may be included in a machine 800, and the processors 810, memories 820, and interfaces 830 may be implemented in a variety of ways, such that a processor 810 may be implemented as a general processor, or as a video processor such as that described earlier with respect to FIG. 1. Moreover, it will be appreciated that a memory 820 may be expected to contain one or more of data or instructions suitable for use by the processor 810. Additionally, the processor 810, when executing instructions from the memory 820, may be expected to perform a method associated with those instructions. Memory 820 may be implemented as one or more of a variety of media such as those described later in this description.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these in similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion it is appreciated that throughout the description discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like refer to the action and processes of a computer system or similar electronic computing device that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer systems registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage transmission or display devices. The present invention can be implemented by an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes or it may comprise a machine such as a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium such as but not limited to any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD roms and magnetic optical disks, read only memories, random access memories, EPROMS, EEPROMS, magnetic or optical cards or any type of media suitable for storing electronic constructions and each coupled to a computer system bus. Each of these media may be coupled to a computer system bus through use of an appropriate device for reading and or writing the media in question. Specialty apparatus may include a collection of readily available pieces or an application specific integrated circuit including a series of logic blocks for example. The blocks of FIGS. 7 or 8 may be suitable for implementation as logic blocks, as may other configurations of the method, system and apparatus described herein.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method. For example, any of the methods according to the present invention can be implemented in hard wired circuitry by programming a general purpose processor or by any combination of hardware and software. One of skill in the art will immediately appreciate that the invention can be practiced with computer system configuration. Configurations other than those described below including hand held devices, multi processor systems, microprocessor based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, mini computers, main frame computers and the like. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments or tasks or performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description below.
The methods of the invention may be implemented using computer software. If written in a programming language conforming to a recognized standard sequences of instructions designed to implement the methods can be compiled for execution on a variety of hardware platforms or machines and for interface to a variety of operating systems. In addition the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of invention as described herein. Furthermore, it is common in the art to speak of software in one form or another (for example program procedure application etc . . . ) as taken in action or causing a result. Such expressions are merely a shorthand way of saying that execution of the software by a computer causes the processor of the computer to perform an action or produce a result.
In the foregoing detailed description, the method and apparatus of the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present invention. In particular, the separate blocks of the various block diagrams represent functional blocks of methods or apparatuses and are not necessarily indicative of physical or logical separations or of an order of operation inherent in the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the various blocks of FIG. 1 (for example) may be integrated into components, or may be subdivided into components. Similarly, the blocks of FIG. 4 (for example) represent portions of a method which, in some embodiments, may be reordered or may be organized in parallel rather than in a linear or step-wise fashion. The present specification and figures are accordingly to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
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programUS20110067064 *Sep 13, 2010Mar 17, 2011Jeyhan KaraoguzSystem and method in a television system for presenting information associated with a user-selected object in a television programUS20110067065 *Sep 13, 2010Mar 17, 2011Jeyhan KaraoguzSystem and method in a television system for providing information associated with a user-selected information elelment in a television programUS20110067069 *Aug 5, 2010Mar 17, 2011Jeyhan KaraoguzSystem and method in a parallel television system for providing for user-selection of an object in a television programUS20110067071 *Sep 13, 2010Mar 17, 2011Jeyhan KaraoguzSystem and method in a television system for responding to user-selection of an object in a television program based on user location* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification348/601, 725/131, 725/151, 725/38, 725/39, 348/734, 725/139International ClassificationH04N5/445, G06F3/037, H04N21/47, G06F13/00, G06F3/00, G06F3/023, G06F3/042, H04N9/76Cooperative ClassificationG06F2203/0384, H04N21/47, G06F3/04892, G06F3/042, G06F3/037European ClassificationG06F3/037, G06F3/0489C, G06F3/042Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJul 16, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: ISURFTV CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KIKINIS, DAN;REEL/FRAME:011976/0879Effective date: 20010711Jul 18, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: EAGLE NEW MEDIA INVESTMENTS, LLC, ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ETALON SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014277/0607Effective date: 20030714Owner name: ETALON SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ISURFTV;REEL/FRAME:014268/0480Effective date: 20030703Owner name: ETALON SYSTEMS, INC.,CALIFORNIAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ISURFTV;REEL/FRAME:014268/0480Effective date: 20030703Owner name: EAGLE NEW MEDIA INVESTMENTS, LLC,ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ETALON SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014277/0607Effective date: 20030714Dec 22, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: EAGLE NEW MEDIA INVESTMENTS, LLC, ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ETALON SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014943/0079Effective date: 20030714Owner name: EAGLE NEW MEDIA INVESTMENTS, LLC,ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ETALON SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014943/0079Effective date: 20030714Jul 5, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: JLB VENTURES LLC, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EAGLE NEW MEDIA INVESTMENTS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:019511/0863Effective date: 20070222Owner name: JLB VENTURES LLC,DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EAGLE NEW MEDIA INVESTMENTS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:019511/0863Effective date: 20070222Dec 1, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 6, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - 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Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Denver, Denver County, Colorado. | Library of Congress
Map Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Denver, Denver County, Colorado.
GIF (26.1 KB) JPEG (412x494px) JPEG (825x989px) JPEG (1650x1978px) TIFF (149.5 MB) JPEG2000 (9.0 MB)
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4314dm.g009851887
Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Denver, Denver County, Colorado . Sanborn Map Company, 1887. Map. https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn00985_001/.
(1887) Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Denver, Denver County, Colorado . Sanborn Map Company. [Map] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn00985_001/.
Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Denver, Denver County, Colorado . Sanborn Map Company, 1887. Map. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/sanborn00985_001/>.
Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Denver, Denver County, Colorado. 1903 Vol. 2. 114 Sheet(s). Key map to edition. Bound.
Farm near Denver, Colorado 1 negative : safety ; 4 x 5 inches or smaller.
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Denver, Colorado. Piles of steel plate and steel beams, from Pennsylvania in a converted railroad yard ... 1 negative : nitrate ; 4 x 5 inches or smaller.

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Patent US7656575 - Printable pixel structure with carbon fiber emitters - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA sub-pixel for use in a color pixel structure, includes a microwire preferably printed on a substrate, the microwire having a gap in it; a carbon filament spanning the gap and having opposite ends of the filament in electrical communication with the wire; an electro-optic gel having a tint of one primary...http://www.google.com/patents/US7656575?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7656575 - Printable pixel structure with carbon fiber emittersAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7656575 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/216,856Publication dateFeb 2, 2010Filing dateAug 31, 2005Priority dateAug 31, 2005Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS20070046959Publication number11216856, 216856, US 7656575 B2, US 7656575B2, US-B2-7656575, US7656575 B2, US7656575B2InventorsPatrick T. PadillaOriginal AssigneePadilla Patrick TExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (14), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPrintable pixel structure with carbon fiber emitters
US 7656575 B2Abstract
A sub-pixel for use in a color pixel structure, includes a microwire preferably printed on a substrate, the microwire having a gap in it; a carbon filament spanning the gap and having opposite ends of the filament in electrical communication with the wire; an electro-optic gel having a tint of one primary color of a white light spectrum, the gel enveloping the carbon filament.
1. A color pixel structure, comprising: (a) a first planar electro-optical (EO) sub-pixel including a first gel having a tint of a first primary color; (b) means for furnishing an electron input to said first EO sub-pixel; (c) a second planar EO sub-pixel including a gel having a tint of a second primary color, said second sub-pixel substantially congruent with said first sub-pixel and positioned in optical proximity thereto; (d) means for furnishing an electron input to said second EO sub-pixel; (e) a third planar EO sub-pixel including a gel having a tint of a third primary color, said third sub-pixel in substantially congruent overlay with said first and second sub-pixels and positioned in optical proximity thereto; (f) means for furnishing an electron input to said third EO sub-pixel; (g) means for defining a ratio of relative electron output of said respective three electron input furnishing means, to each EO sub-pixel thereby producing a discrete chromatic value specific to a particular ratio of primary colors defined by said ratio of each electron input into each respective sub-pixel; (h) means for furnishing an electron input comprising a high density carbon fiber filament having a current or electron input and a photon output; and (i) a wire preferably printed on a substrate to which said high density carbon fiber filament is adhered, said wire providing said electron input thereto.
2. The system as recited in claim 1, in which said gel comprises: a colloid having a dispersed phase within a dispersion medium, said dispersed phase comprising a material having a photon output related to a level of electron input to said dispersion medium.
3. The structure as recited in claim 1, in which each of said sub-pixels includes: a capacitor spanning a gap between opposing ends of said electron input furnishing means.
4. A color pixel structure, comprising: (a) a planar first photonic sub-pixel including a first gel for providing a tint of a first primary color; (b) means for furnishing a photonic input to said first sub-pixel; (c) a planar second photonic sub-pixel including a gel for providing a tint of a second primary color, said second sub-pixel proportioned for substantial congruent overlay upon said first sub-pixel; (d) means for furnishing a photonic input to said second sub-pixel; (e) a planar photonic sub-pixel including a gel for providing a tint of a third primary color, said third sub-pixel proportioned for substantially congruent overlay over said first and second sub-pixels; (f) means for furnishing a photonic input to said third sub-pixel; (g) means for defining a ratio of relative photon outputs of each respective three photon input furnishing means, thereby providing a chromatic value specific to a particular ratio of primary colors defined by said ratio of photon output into each respective sub-pixel; (h) means for furnishing a photonic input comprising a high density carbon fiber filament having a current or electron input and a photon output; and (i) a wire preferably printed on a substrate to which said high density carbon fiber filament is adhered, said wire providing said electron input thereto.
5. The structure as recited in claim 4, further comprising: means for varying the level of photons provided to one or more of said sub-pixels to effect variations of hue of said discrete chromatic value of said pixel structure.
6. The structure as recited in claim 4, further comprising: means for concurrently increasing said level of photon input to all three of said sub-pixels, to effect an increase in luminosity of said chromatic value.
7. The structure as recited in claim 4, further comprising: a clear electronically inert enclosure encapsulating each respective sub-pixel.
8. The structure as recited in claim 7, further comprising: a clear electronically inert material encapsulating all three of said sub-pixels into a single pixel.
9. The structure as recited in claim 3, in which said clear electronically inert material comprises a silicone.
10. The system as recited in claim 4, in which said gel comprises a colloid having a dispersed phase within a dispersion medium, said dispersed phase comprising a material having a photon output related to a level of photon input to said dispersion medium.
11. The system as recited in claim 7, further comprising: means for furnishing said photon input to each gel.
12. The structure as recited in claim 4, in which each gel comprises a colloid. Description
1. The invention relates to the art of pixels and their fabrication in a printable color display panel.
2. The prior art sets forth a number of technologies capable of providing, through one or more means, a multi-color display panel, these technologies as follows:
1. Liquid crystal diode or display (LCD).
2. Plasma display panel (PDP).
3. Light-emitting polymers (LEP).
4. Other semi-conductive materials including field effect transistor systems.
5. Organic electro-luminescent (EL) displays.
6. Rigid crystal displays.
Patent representatives of Category 1 above are as follows:
6,005,692
Light-Emitting Diode Constructions.
6,456,423
Silicon Nanoparticle Microcrystal
Nonlinear Optical Devices.
6,573,960
Liquid Crystal Device Having Opening
In Reflection Film Outside Pixel Area for
Evaluating Color Filter and Light Shield,
Its Method, and Apparatus.
6,734,941
EPA 1,039,784
Light Source and Display Device.
�Digital Displays: Interfacing With The
LCD displays (Category 2) are well-known and are, inter alia, represented by such art as U.S. Patent Application Pub. 2004/0201551 to Suzuki, entitled Matrix Type Display Apparatus,
Prior art representative of Category 3, that is, Light Emitting Polymers is as follows:
2004/0201551
Matrix Type Display Apparatus.
6,268,092
Color Filer, Display Element, Display
Method and Display Device.
6,791,738
Electrochromic Polymers And Polymer
Electrochromic Devices.
6,800,722
Electroluminescent Polymers And Use
Thereof in Light-Emitting Devices.
6,858,325
Organic Compound and Electro-
luminescent Devices Using The
Other semi-conductive materials (Category 4 above) are reflected in such art as U.S. Pat. No. 6,724,511 to Gudesen, entitled Matrix-Addressable Opto-Electronic Apparatus.
Category 5 above, namely, EL displays, is represented by the following art:
Organic Thin Film Display Element.
6,869,695
White Light Emitting Monomer And
Aggregate Emission.
6,872,113
Method of Making Structure of Organic
Light Emitting Material TFT Display.
Category 6, that is, the use of rigid crystals in a display panel is reflected in U.S. Pat. No. 6,784,610 B2 (2004) to Ellis, entitled Display Panel Apparatus and Method. Ellis teaches the use of a matrix of carbon fibers to activate stacks of rigid crystals. Each carbon fiber acts as an emitter in a cell formed within three emulsion layers of a micro-crystal stack positioned vertically one atop another. Ellis, unlike Applicant's invention set forth herein, requires use of a multiplicity of carbon fibers within each emulsion layer of the nano-crystal stack. The structure and method of Ellis is, as well, not particularly adapted for use with printed micro-circuitry as is the case in present invention, as more fully described below.
The instant invention also differs from the art set forth above in that its display layer is that of a gel, i.e., a colloid having a dispersion phase which is dispersed throughout a dispersion medium, as opposed to the use of crystals, diodes, other semi-conductors, or polymers, as taught in the art. Certain of the prior art, e.g., the EL displays of Category 5 above could be employed either at said dispersion phase or as said dispersion medium within a gel as defined and set forth within the context of the invention which includes a new use of a high density carbon fiber as a charge of current input to an EL electronic gel in the manner set forth herein.
The inventive display structure includes a sub-pixel for use in a color pixel structure, the sub-pixel comprising microwire preferably printed on a substrate, said microwire having a gap therein and a high density carbon filament spanning said gap and having opposite ends of said filament in electrical communication with said wire; and an electro-optic or EL gel having a tint of one primary color of a white light spectrum, said gel enveloping said carbon filament. Each of said components of the sub-pixel is preferably encapsulated within an electrically inert material such a silicone.
Using such a sub-pixel, a color pixel structure, for use within an addressable color display matrix, may comprise a first planar EL or electro-optical sub-pixel including a first gel having a tint of a first primary color; means for furnishing an electron input to said first EO sub-pixel; a second planar EL or EO sub-pixel including a gel having a tint of a second primary color, said second sub-pixel substantially congruent in shape and area with said first sub-pixel and positioned in optimal proximity thereto; means for furnishing an electron input to said second sub-pixel; a third planar sub-pixel including a gel having a tint of a third primary color in substantially congruent overlay with said first and second sub-pixels and positioned in optimal proximity to both; means for furnishing an electron input to said third sub-pixel; and means for defining a ratio of relative electron input of said respective three electron furnishing means, to each respective sub-pixel to thereby produce a chromatic value of the composite optical output of all three sub-pixels specific to a particular ratio of primary colors effected by said ratio of electron inputs to each respective sub-pixels.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a sub-pixel of which may be formed a pixel, in which a gel of each respective sub-pixel is provided with a tint of a different color of a white light spectrum.
It is another object to provide a pixel of the above type with which an addressable color pixel circuit may be printed upon substrate, each pixel joined by appropriate printer microwire circuitry, to produce a high definition color display screen.
It is another object of the invention to provide a pixel of the above type printed as a part of an addressable pixel matrix upon either a hard or flexible surface.
It is a yet further object to provide a color pixel circuit using my inventive structure of pixels to produce low cost high definition color displays.
FIG. 1 is a top cross-sectional frontal, vertical view of a color pixel in accordance with the present invention, showing the sub-pixel thereof.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken through Line 3-3 of FIG. 2 FIG. 4 is a conceptual view of a matrix comprising pixels of the type shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view, similar to that of FIG. 1, however showing a different relative geometry of the sub-pixels thereof.
FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, however showing a different relative geometry of the sub-pixels thereof.
FIG. 7 is a view of a further embodiment of the invention.
Historically, the element carbon has been viewed as an insulator having no, if any other electrical property. However, recent technical developments have made possible the creation of so-called carbon fibers or filaments which are formed out of long, thin sheets of carbon similar in nature to graphite. A common method of making carbon filaments is the oxidation and pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a polymer used in the creation of many synthetic materials in the correct fashion (see http\\www.psrc.usm.edu/macrog/carfsyn.htm). Chains of PAN bonds are tied-to-side fashion to narrow bands of graphite which eventually merged to form a single jelly-like roll shaped format which is usually about 95% elemental carbon. These filaments are typically in a range of 20-50 microns in cross-section and can be long and continuous, short and fragmented, or may be directionally or randomly oriented. Short fibers, of the type employed as filaments in the within invention, have the lowest cost of fabrication. Each length of carbon fiber so fabricated is about 300 microns, but may be as great as 3,000 microns. A typical length/diameter ratio is 30, meaning that a carbon fiber having a diameter of 35 microns will have a length of about 1,000 microns. Other thinner fibers having a length-diameter of up to 800 may also be formed. Such fibers possess characteristics which differ from almost all other materials. That is, the linear expansion co-efficient of such of carbon fibers in the range of 30 million-psi modulus fibers to approximately −1.3�10(6) each/inch�F for ultra-high modulus fibers. This property makes possible the design of structures with zero or very low linear and planar expansion, a valuable characteristic for components in precision instruments and circuitry. High modulus carbon fibers exceed the thermal conductivity of copper. When density differences are considered, the specific thermal conductivity of carbon fibers can be as much as 8 times that of copper. This is of course counter-intuitive given carbon's history of use as an insulator. The instant invention is, in part, predicated upon the discovery that such carbon fibers, particularly high density carbon fibers possess conductive properties and as an electron emitter as, for example, is taught in the specification of U.S. Pat. No. 6,784,610 B2 (2004) to Ellis. This invention however relates to a different application of these properties of carbon fibers as an electron emitter, more fully set forth below.
With reference to FIG. 1, there is shown a schematic cross-sectional view of the display matrix, conceptually shown in FIG. 4, a combination of three sub-pixels. More particularly, in FIG. 1 are shown microwires 10, 20 and 30 which are preferably printed upon a substrate 12. The substrate may comprise a thermal polymer or a paper-like material. Each microwire includes a gap 14 between ends 16 of microwire 10/20/30 in which is disposed a preferably high density carbon filament 18 of the type set forth above. As noted, carbon fibers in the micrometer range have been found to have properties of electron emission or field creation notwithstanding the generalized bulk property of carbon as an insulator. Given a sufficient flow of current through micorwire 10/20/30/30, electrons will electrically communicate with carbon filament 16 in turn causing an electron emission or Coulomb field surrounding each filament. This emission or field is communicated to an electro-optic or EL gel 22 preferably printed upon filament 18 between said ends 16 of wire gap 14, upon said substrate 12. Electro-optic (�EO�) gel 22 is provided with a tint of one primary colors of a white light spectrum, that is, one of the color red, blue or green. Carbon filament 18 is enveloped by said gel 22. The thickness or dimensionality of said gel relative to said filament 18 is a matter of design choice. The combination of filament 18 and EO gel 22, having a first tint, comprises a single sub-pixel of a larger pixel structure 26 which also includes sub-pixels 28 and 32. Shown beneath first sub-pixel 24 is said second sub-pixel 28, this consisting of second carbon filament 34, and a second EO gel 36. However, said gel possesses a tint of a second of said white light primary color. A third sub-pixel 32 comprises a third high density carbon filament 38 and third EO gel 40 which gel has a tint of a third primary color. As may be noted, said gels 22, 36 and 40 respectively are geometrically congruent with respect to said single pixel 26, so that a distinct chromatic value will occur as the level of current in the respective microwires 10, 20 and 30 is varied to define a specific ratio of electron input to the respective filaments to produce a specific ratio of electron emission thereof to the respective electro-optic gels 22, 36 and 40, a result thereof being the generation of a discreet chromatic value out of 500 potential different colors, this rendering possible the creation of a high fidelity, high resolution color display. Defining a desired ratio of current to the respective microwires of such a matrix is well established in the art as, for example, is reflected in said reference of U.S. Pat. No. 6,724,511 to Gudesen.
It should also be appreciated that carbon fibers may, in another embodiment, be printed over microwires 10/20/30 as is shown in FIG. 7.
Shown in FIG. 2 are respective high density carbon fibers 18, 34 and 38 within respective differently tinted gels 22, 36 and 40. Outside of the gel layer may be seen an outer silicone layer 42, and inert (in inert polymeric form of carbon) which may be used to seal each sub-pixel, as is more fully set forth below.
In FIG. 3 is shown a more detailed structure of each sub-pixel, for example, sub-pixel 24, includes said printed circuit substrate 12, a lower silicone layer 44, printed microwire 10, carbon filament 18, moderate silicone layer 46, a first tint gel 22, and said outer silicone layer 42.
Shown in FIG. 4 is an example of a matrix in which a multiplicity of said pixels 26, of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be formed.
Shown in FIG. 5 is a configuration, alternative to that of FIG. 1, of a different (a triangular) relative disposition of respective sub-pixels 124, 128 and 132. Similarly, shown in FIG. 6, is shown a linear relative disposition of the constituent sub-pixels 224, 228 and 232 of pixel 226. In other words, as long as each respective sub-pixel is within sufficient optical communication of the other, various dispositions of the sub-pixels, within a particular pixel, may be employed.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4871236Sep 16, 1986Oct 3, 1989Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaOrganic thin film display elementUS5739946 *Sep 19, 1996Apr 14, 1998Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaDisplay deviceUS6005692May 29, 1998Dec 21, 1999Stahl; Thomas D.Light-emitting diode constructionsUS6268092May 24, 2000Jul 31, 2001Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.High molecular weight gelsUS6456423May 17, 2000Sep 24, 2002The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of IllinoisSilicon nanoparticle microcrystal nonlinear optical devicesUS6573960Mar 5, 2001Jun 3, 2003Seiko Epson CorporationLiquid crystal device having opening in reflection film outside pixel area for evaluating color filter and light shield, its method, and apparatusUS6724511Nov 13, 2002Apr 20, 2004Thin Film Electronics AsaMatrix-addressable optoelectronic apparatus and electrode means in the sameUS6734941Nov 5, 2002May 11, 2004Hitachi, Ltd.Liquid crystal display deviceUS6784610Aug 29, 2002Aug 31, 2004Alan D. EllisDisplay panel apparatus and methodUS6791738Nov 21, 2002Sep 14, 2004University Of FloridaControlling color, brightness and environmental stability; poly- 3,4-alkylenedioxyheterocyclesUS6800722May 21, 2002Oct 5, 2004Sri InternationalAromatic resins with pendant amine groups, for example, poly(2-diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diyl); useful as semiconductive materials in electroluminescence devices; solubility, chemical resistance, heat resistanceUS6858325Oct 9, 2002Feb 22, 2005Canon Kabushiki KaishaOrganic compound and electroluminescent device using the sameUS6869695Mar 29, 2002Mar 22, 2005The Trustees Of Princeton UniversityOrganic light emitting devices (OLEDs); aggregate emitter, and a monomer emitter wherein the emission from the aggregate emitter is lower in energy than the emission from the monomer emitter; combined emission spans visible spectrumUS6872113Nov 6, 2003Mar 29, 2005Allied Material Technology Corp.Light sources comprising thin film transistors, controller circuits, conductors, red, blue and green multilayers, formed between glass substrates having masking patterns for preventing light from mixing; displayingUS20040201551Apr 11, 2003Oct 14, 2004Koji SuzukiMatrix type display apparatusUS20050012459Jul 16, 2003Jan 20, 2005Padilla Patrick ThomasPrinted self illuminating color pixel circuitEP1039784A1Sep 1, 1999Sep 27, 2000Seiko Epson CorporationLight source and display device* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Philips, Digital Displays: Interfacing with the future http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/technologies/display/.Classifications U.S. Classification359/296, 359/245International ClassificationG02B26/00, G02F1/03, G02F1/07Cooperative ClassificationG09F13/28, H01J2329/00, G09F9/33, H01J29/48, G09F9/307European ClassificationG09F9/33, G09F9/307, G09F13/28, H01J29/48Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 25, 2014FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20140202Feb 2, 2014LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesSep 13, 2013REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Familiarity with material maintenance Find stone, paver and concrete professionals on Houzz. Search the Houzz Professionals section for Ottsville, PA stone, paver and concrete professionals. Browse photos and read reviews, and contact a pro if you like their work. You can find more stone, pavers & concrete in Allentown, Bethlehem, Levittown, Easton and Montgomeryville.	Professional Categories in Ottsville

value: This website is an American website, online community and software for architecture; interior design and decorating; landscape design and home improvement. It was founded in 2009 and is based in Palo Alto, California.


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View Halloween / Fall by LittlePumpkinPapers on Etsy
Happy Halloween Banner - Halloween Decor - Halloween Photo Prop - Glitter Halloween Banner - Halloween Garland
Lori Mascarenas on Sep 24, 2016
Top Top Quality!! Pictures to come...
Tracy on Sep 22, 2016
Loved these--they are just perfect and well made! Thank you!
tbollenbach on Sep 22, 2016
The turnaround time was SO quick! And its adorable! GREAT SHOP!!! :)
4 of 2107 reviews

value: This website is an American e-commerce company focused on handmade or vintage items and craft supplies.


text: Jason McCourty#30 CB6' 0", 193 lbsTennessee TitansBornAug 13, 1987 in Nyack, NY (Age: 28)Drafted 2009: 6th Rnd, 203rd by TENExperience7th seasonCollegeRutgers2014 SeasonCOMBFFINT8523Career421611Complete Stats »Go toJason McCourtyPlayer ProfileStatsSplitsGame LogVideosPhotosShop Jason McCourty Pictures61 Results1 of 5


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Latest News for: grand bazaar
8 inspectors promoted as SPs after delay of a year
Puducherry ... Inspector (Sigma security) Nallam Krishnaraya Babu was promoted as superintendent of police (home guards), inspector (Ariyankuppam circle) B Ranganathan as superintendent of police (special branch), inspector (Grand Bazaar) N Selvam as superintendent of police (CID) and inspector (chief store) K L Veeravallaban as superintendent of police (Motor transport) ... ....
Washington ... “It is not good for us or for the world, but they have riots in all their cities,” Trump told Fox News.”The inflation is rampant, going through the roof ... Its currency has plunged almost 50 percent in value in the past six months against the US dollar, prompting a rare strike earlier this month by traders in Tehran’s Grand Bazaar ... AFP ....
Blue Ribbon Sushi Izakaya is expected to open late this year ... They also have Brooklyn Bowl at The Linq Promenade and two Blue Ribbon Fried Chicken fast-casual locations, in the Grand Bazaar Shops on the Strip and in Downtown Summerlin, in the shadow of Red Rock Resort ... Late-night dining also will be offered ... Follow @HKRinella on Twitter. ....
Tehran´s Grand Bazaar was hit by strikes late in June and protesters angered by the rial´s collapse clashed with the police and traders massed outside parliament to complain about a sharp fall in the value of the national currency.European powers still support the 2015 deal, under which Tehran agreed to limit its nuclear development in ......
Trump says Iran will seek fresh deal as sanctions weigh on economy
“Tehran’s Grand Bazaar was hit by strikes late in June and protesters angered by the rial’s collapse clashed with the police and traders massed outside parliament to complain about a sharp fall in the value of the national currency.US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo called on American allies on Thursday to help impose economic ......
JEDDAH. US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Thursday urged European nations to get behind American measures to cut Iran off from the world energy markets ... “Iran’s regime wants to start trouble wherever it can. It’s our responsibility to stop it ... Workers at Tehran’s Grand Bazaar took strike action towards the end of June, and traders organized a mass gathering outside parliament to complain about the collapse of the rial ... Main category....
Trump says Iran will seek fresh deal as looming...
BRUSSELS, July 12 (Reuters) - U.S. President Donald Trump said Iran's economic troubles were going to force it to seek a security deal with Washington following his withdrawal from a nuclear pact ... Tehran's Grand Bazaar was hit by strikes late in June and protesters angered by the rial's collapse clashed with the police and traders massed outside parliament to complain about a sharp fall in the value of the national currency ... U.S ... ....
A vendor counts money in a shop in Tehran’s Grand Bazaar, Iran, January 19, 2009. Photo. Reuters / Raheb Homavandi / File. The United States and the United Arab Emirates have broken up a network funneling illicit funds to Iran as Washington steps up a drive to restrict Iranian trade and access to hard currency in the region, a senior US�official said on Thursday ... She said the network was dismantled in May ... July 12, 2018 11.07 am. 0 ... ....
Sunday is the annual food holiday you've been anticipating since that scorcher of a weekend at the end of June ... Devise a strategy to maximize your sweet returns with our tip sheet. Nickel & Diner in Lower Manhattan has a new vegan ice cream flavor (pictured) ... to 4 p.m ... 1 ... Artisanal ice cream makers are cherries on top of this Sunday's Grand Bazaar NYC, a weekly indoor and outdoor market featuring arts, crafts, furniture and food at 100 W....
The Grand Bazaar of Tabriz in the northwestern Iranian city of Tabriz is known as the largest roofed Bazaar in the world and the oldest one in the Middle East ...   The file photo shows a view of the historic Jameh Mosque of Tabriz to the west of the Grand Bazaar of Tabriz in northwestern Iran ... The file photo shows a view of Timcheh Mozaffarieh in the Grand Bazaar of Tabriz in the northwestern Iranian city of Tabriz....
More ... National Ice Cream is almost here, and what better way to celebrate than with the sweet treat itself? Grand Bazaar NYC is hosting their 3rd annual NYC Summer Ice Cream Blizzard at their market on the Upper West Side ... Stop by their location in Soho at 60 Grand Street until September 1 to shop incredible products and brands, including weekenders and leather goods from Saintly, watches from Martenero, and fragrances from Olfactory ... ....
It’s an early summer evening at Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar, the maze-like warren of alleyways crammed with shops that has been the city’s trading hub for over half a millennium ... But the festival uses the city’s multicultural and multi-confessional heritage to make up for what it lacks in modern infrastructure, staging concerts in churches, synagogues, historic universities and now the Grand Bazaar....
It's an early summer evening at Istanbul's Grand Bazaar, the maze-like warren of alleyways crammed with shops that has been the city's trading hub for over half a millennium ... But the festival uses the city's multicultural and multiconfessional heritage to make up for what it lacks in modern infrastructure, staging concerts in churches, synagogues, historic universities and now the Grand Bazaar....

value: This website is a news aggregator founded in March 1995 and launched online in 1998. In 2003, Search Engine Watch praised the service for its "Special Reports", and called it "an interesting alternative" to other news aggregation services.


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card menu of life | Etsy
As are my lovely customers, my cards are better looking in real life.
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Menu Card on Charger


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Go Go Crazy (DVD) - 13867715 - Overstock.com Shopping - Big Discounts on Comedy
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value: This website is an American internet retailer selling primarily furniture headquartered in Midvale, Utah, near Salt Lake City.


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The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia by Aonuma, Eiji: 9781616550417 HRD - Pbshop
Home Aonuma, Eiji The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia
6,392 ratings by Goodreads
New Book.Shipped from US within 10 to 14 business days. Established seller since 2000. Bookseller Inventory # IB-9781616550417

value: This website is an e-commerce global online marketplace with seven websites that offer books, fine art, and collectables from sellers in over 50 countries. Launched in 1996, it specialises in used, rare and out-of-print books.