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Patent US5345087 - Optical guide system for spatially positioning a surgical microscope - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn instrument is mounted on a motorized positioning mechanism for providing a contactless guidance of the instrument. A transmitting unit and a receiving unit are arranged in a defined relative position to an operator and the instrument so that an evaluation unit positions the instrument via corresponding...http://www.google.com/patents/US5345087?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5345087 - Optical guide system for spatially positioning a surgical microscopeAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5345087 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/011,515Publication dateSep 6, 1994Filing dateFeb 1, 1993Priority dateJan 30, 1992Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE4202505A1, DE4202505B4Publication number011515, 08011515, US 5345087 A, US 5345087A, US-A-5345087, US5345087 A, US5345087AInventorsJoachim Luber, Werner Muller, Martin Pelzer, Anette ReissOriginal AssigneeCarl-Zeiss-StiftungExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Referenced by (36), Classifications (22), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetOptical guide system for spatially positioning a surgical microscope
US 5345087 AAbstract
An instrument is mounted on a motorized positioning mechanism for providing a contactless guidance of the instrument. A transmitting unit and a receiving unit are arranged in a defined relative position to an operator and the instrument so that an evaluation unit positions the instrument via corresponding control signals with the aid of the registered signals of the receiving unit. A preferred application is the contactless guidance of a surgical microscope which tracks the head movements of the surgeon.
1. A guide system for spatially positioning a surgical microscope in correspondence to movements of the head of an operator for which a desired position relative to the surgical microscope is defined, the guide system comprising:motorized positioning support means for holding and moving the surgical microscope in six degrees of freedom; transmitter means mounted on one of the head of said operator and said surgical microscope in a defined position relative thereto for transmitting at least two separate transmitting beams defining respective beam paths; receiver means mounted on the other one of the head of said operator and said surgical microscope in a defined position relative thereto for receiving said transmitting beams; said receiver means including means providing a position-resolving registration of at least three separate incident points and means for emitting output signals indicative of a relative movement between said transmitter mean and said receiver means in said six degrees of freedom; and, evaluation means for evaluating said output signals of said receiver means to reconstruct the movement of the head of said operator in said six degrees of freedom relative to said defined desired position and form control signals indicative of said movement and for transmitting said control signals to said motorized positioning support means thereby actuating said support means to cause said surgical microscope to track the movement of the head of said operator into said defined desired position in six degrees of freedom. 2. A guide system for spatially positioning a surgical microscope in correspondence to movements of the head of an operator for which a desired position relative to the surgical microscope is defined, the guide system comprising:motorized positioning support means for holding and moving the surgical microscope in six degrees of freedom; optical transmitter means mounted on one of the head of said operator and said surgical microscope in a defined position relative thereto; said optical transmitter means including at least one light source for generating and transmitting at least two separate transmitting beam defining respective beam paths; optical receiver means mounted on the other one of the head of said operator and said surgical microscope in a defined position relative thereto for receiving said transmitting beams; said optical receiver means including means providing a position-resolving registration of at least three separate incident points and means for emitting output signals indicative of a relative movement between said optical transmitter means and said optical receiver means in said six degrees of freedom; and, evaluation means for evaluating said output signals to reconstruct a movement of the head of said operator in said six degrees of freedom relative to said defined desired position and form control signals indicative of said movement and for transmitting said control signals to said motorized positioning support means thereby actuating said support means to cause said surgical microscope to track the movement of the head of said operator into said defined desired position in six degrees of freedom. 3. The guide system of claim 2, said optical transmitter means further including a plurality of optical elements for dividing said beam into a plurality of beams defining a plurality of respective individual transmitting beam paths.
4. The guide system of claim 3, said elements being beam-splitter elements.
5. The guide system of claim 3, said elements being light wave conductors.
6. The guide system of claim 2, said optical transmitter means including means for focussing said beams transmitted along said transmitting beam paths, respectively.
7. The guide system of claim 2, said optical transmitter means further including three optical elements for dividing said beam into three beams defining three respective individual transmitting beam paths; and, said optical receiver means including a plurality of position-sensitive detectors for providing a position-resolving registration of said three transmitting beam paths.
8. The guide system of claim 2, said position-sensitive detector being defined by at least one CCD-array.
9. The guide system of claim 2, said optical receiver means including a plurality of said position-sensitive detectors;and, each of said position-sensitive detectors being a segmented photo diode. 10. The guide system of claim 2, said optical receiver means including a plurality of said position-sensitive detectors;and, each of said position-sensitive detectors being a lateral effect diode. 11. The guide system of claim 2, said optical receiver means including a plurality of said position-sensitive detectors;and, each of said position-sensitive detectors being a transparent lateral effect diode. 12. A guide system for spatially positioning a surgical microscope in correspondence to movements of the head of an operator for which a desired position relative to the surgical microscope is defined, the guide system comprising:motorized positioning support means for holding and moving the surgical microscope in six degrees of freedom; optical transmitter means mounted on one of the head of said operator and said surgical microscope in a defined position relative thereto; said optical transmitter means including at least one light source for generating and transmitting at least two separate transmitting beams defining respective beam paths; optical receiver means mounted on the other one of the head of said operator and said surgical microscope in a defined position relative thereto for receiving said transmitting beams; said optical receiver means including means providing a position-resolving registration of at least three separate incident points and means for emitting output signals indicative of a relative movement between said optical transmitter means and said optical receiver means in said six degrees of freedom; evaluation means for evaluating said output signals to reconstruct a movement of the head of said operator in said six degrees of freedom relative to said defined desired position and form control signals indicative of said movement and for transmitting said control signals to said motorized positioning support means thereby actuating said support means to cause said surgical microscope to track the movement of the head of said operator into said defined desired position in six degrees of freedom; said light source being adapted to generate and transmit first and second light beams defining first and second beam paths, respectively; and, said optical receiver means including three position-sensitive detectors; a first one of said position-sensitive detectors being a transparent lateral effect diode mounted in a first plane so as to be first impinged by said first light beam; a second one of said position-sensitive detectors being disposed in a second plane rearward of said first position-sensitive detector; and, the third one of said position-sensitive detectors being disposed in a third plane. 13. The guide system of claim 2, said optical transmitter means being mounted on one of said instrument and the head of said operator.
14. The guide system of claim 13, said optical receiver means being mounted on the other one of said instrument and said head of said operator.
15. The guide system of claim 2, further comprising transmission means for transmitting signals between said evaluation means and said optical transmitter means and said optical receiver means;and, said transmission means being adapted to provide a sequential resolution of said beam defining said beam path. 16. A guide system for spatially positioning a surgical microscope in correspondence to movements of the head of an operator for which a desired position relative to the surgical microscope is defined, the guide system comprising:motorized positioning support means for holding and moving the surgical microscope in six degrees of freedom; optical transmitter means including at least one light source for generating and transmitting at least two separate transmitting beams defining respective beam paths; said optical receiver means including means providing a position-resolving registration of at least three separate incident points and means for emitting output signals indicative of a relative movement between said optical transmitter means and said optical receiver means in said six degrees of freedom; said optical transmitter means and said optical receiver means both being mounted on one of the head of said operator and said surgical microscope in a defined position relative thereto; reflector means for receiving said beam from said optical transmitter means and for reflecting said beam to said optical receiver means; said reflector means being mounted on the other one of the head of said operator and said surgical microscope in a defined position relative thereto; and, evaluation means for evaluating said output signals to reconstruct a movement of the head of said operator in said six degrees of freedom relative to said defined desired position and form control signals indicative of said movement and for transmitting said control signals to said motorized positioning support means thereby actuating said support means to cause said surgical microscope to track the movement of the head of said operator into said defined desired position in said six degrees of freedom. Description
Various guide systems are known for spatially positioning an instrument. In medical technology, for example, the task is present for surgeons to position a surgical microscope in various spatial degrees of freedom with the surgical microscope being mounted on a support.
For this purpose, published German patent application 4,032,207 discloses mounting a surgical microscope on a motorized positioning multi-link mechanism. With the aid of this multi-link mechanism, it is possible for the surgeon operating the mechanism to position the surgical microscope in space as desired without exerting force. However, the positioning of the microscope takes place via a separate control unit wherein the desired spatial coordinates of the surgical microscope must be inputted manually. Accordingly, a defined positioning during surgery is most difficult with an arrangement of this kind because the surgery must be interrupted to manually input specific spatial coordinates.
Furthermore, it is known in medical technology to spatially position surgical microscopes, which are mounted on conventional supports, with the aid of mechanical means. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,267, a mouthpiece is disclosed with which the surgeon guides the surgical microscope during the surgery. The rigid connection between the head of the surgeon and the surgical microscope as well as the necessary expenditure of effort to move the support make a positioning of this kind however likewise very difficult.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,989,253 discloses an arrangement for contactlessly guiding a surgical microscope wherein the surgical microscope is moved with the aid of a voice-activated guide system. With this arrangement, significant disadvantages of the above-described guidance and positioning systems are avoided; however, difficulties result with respect to the precise determination of the particular travel path by the surgeon. The matching of the reaction times of the voice-sensitive positioning system to the corresponding voice signals is complex or possible only with difficulty.
It is an object of the invention to provide a guide system for spatially positioning an instrument wherein a contactless positioning in up to six spatial degrees of freedom is possible with high precision.
The invention is directed to a guide system for spatially positioning an instrument in correspondence to movements of an operator. The guide system includes: motorized positioning support means for holding and moving the instrument in a predetermined number of degrees of freedom; transmitter means mounted on one of the operator and the instrument in a defined position relative thereto for transmitting a transmitter output; receiver means mounted on the other one of the operator and the instrument in a defined position relative thereto for receiving the transmitter output and for emitting output signals indicative of a relative movement between the transmitter means and the receiver means; and, evaluation means for evaluating the output signals of the receiver means to reconstruct the movement of the operator and form control signals indicative of the movement and for transmitting the control signals to the motorized positioning support means thereby enabling the instrument to track the movement of the operator.
What is essential here is that the guide system makes a contactless spatial guidance and positioning of the particular instrument possible with high precision. The guide system of the invention can, for example, be utilized in medical technology in order to cause a surgical microscope to follow the head movements of the surgeon in up to six spatial degrees of freedom. The surgical microscope is preferably mounted on a suitable motorized support or mounted on a conventional support by means of a motorized suspension so that at least a limited motorized positioning or tracking is possible.
In one possible optically-based embodiment, an optical transmitting unit or receiving unit is mounted on the head of the surgeon and preferably the forehead of the surgeon. The surgical microscope is mounted on the motorized positioning mechanism and has the corresponding counter element, that is, an optical receiving or transmitting unit. The preferred arrangement of the optical transmitting and receiving unit is so configured that the radiation of the transmitting unit impinges the receiving unit in conventional operation. For example, the optical receiving or transmitting unit is mounted above the oculars of the surgical microscope where it is located approximately opposite the optical transmitting or receiving unit arranged on the forehead of the surgeon.
The optical transmitting unit preferably comprises one or more light sources such as conventional LEDs, laser diodes or conventional light sources having diaphragms or suitable collimating optics mounted forward thereof so that one or more transmitting beam paths result.
In a further embodiment, it is possible to arrange the light sources independently of the operator or independently of the instrument and to supply the transmitting unit via light conductors. The light sources of the optical transmitting units can operate in different spectral ranges. At least two separate transmitting beam paths are required to detect six possible degrees of freedom. These transmitting beam paths can be generated in different ways by means of the light sources of the optical transmitting unit.
The optical receiving unit includes at least one position-sensitive detector which is configured for the wavelength of the particular transmitting unit. For this purpose, either spatially separate position-sensitive detectors such as lateral effect diodes, transparent lateral effect diodes or segmented photo diodes can be used. However, the use of a single surface detector such as a two-dimensional CCD-array is also possible which can provide a position-resolving registration of several simultaneously impinging beam paths. The particular detector must be able to spatially resolve three incident points in order to detect six different degrees of freedom.
A different number of separate transmitting beam paths or incident points, which are to be resolved on one or more detectors, can be required depending upon in how many degrees of freedom a particular instrument is to be positioned or which light sources or position-resolving detectors are selected. Accordingly, specific applications only require the free positionability or the guidance along a defined axis so that fewer than two separate transmitting beam paths or one detector arrangement are, for example, adequate with this detector arrangement being able to separately resolve fewer than three incident points.
However, at least two separate transmitting beam paths as well as one position-sensitive detector arrangement are provided for guiding or positioning in all possible six degrees of freedom. The position-sensitive detector arrangement can resolve at least three separate incident points.
A preferred arrangement for detecting six possible degrees of freedom includes two separate transmitting beam paths as well as three separate position-sensitive lateral effect diodes of which at least one is transparent for the light wavelength utilized. The two separate transmitting beam paths can, for example, be generated by two separate light sources. Of these three lateral effect diodes, two are spaced one behind the other in two parallel planes so that a first transmitting beam path leads to both of these lateral effect diodes; whereas, the second transmitting beam path leads to a third lateral effect diode.
Three separate transmitting beam paths are required for the exclusive use of non-transparent position-sensitive detectors for detecting six possible degrees of freedom. Furthermore, a position-resolving registration of three incident points must be possible with the particular detector arrangement. For this purpose, the detector arrangement comprises at least one surface CCD-arrangement in one or more planes or three separate position-sensitive detectors in one plane. However, it is also possible to arrange the three separate position-sensitive detectors in two or three different planes relative to each other.
It is also possible to arrange the optical transmitting unit and receiving unit together either on the head of the operator or on the particular instrument. Reflector elements are arranged on the opposite-lying end and these reflector elements reflect the impinging transmitted beams back in the direction of the optical receiving unit. The receiving unit can then, for example, be arranged in the same plane as the optical transmitting unit.
A further possibility for sequential resolution of the transmitting beams is provided by the use of a time-multiplex process. Here, the transmitting unit and the impinged position-sensitive detectors are synchronized with each other in such a manner that emitted transmitting beam paths are registered only by specifically assigned individual detectors at different times. For this purpose, devices for signal transmission between evaluation unit and optical receiving unit and optical transmitting unit are necessary. The number of required detectors can be advantageously reduced with the aid of a time-multiplex arrangement of this kind.
In addition, many other possibilities exist to arrange individual position-sensitive detectors relative to each other as well as relative to the optical transmitting unit.
An evaluation unit is necessary for the guidance system of the invention. The evaluation unit processes the signals registered by the individual position-sensitive detectors in such a manner that a relationship between the movement of the head and the position of the registered signals associated therewith on the detectors of the optical receiving unit can be established. The surgical microscope tracks via the motorized positioning mechanism in correspondence to the registered movement of the head and thereby "follows" the head movements of the surgeon. For this purpose, appropriate signals from the evaluation unit are transmitted to the particular positioning mechanism.
In addition to positioning the surgical microscope spatially, it is also possible to carry out a focusing with the aid of the guidance system of the invention. This presupposes that this takes place by means of a change of distance between the surgical microscope and the viewing plane along the optical axis by means of the positioning mechanism.
A contactless guidance of an instrument in space is therefore possible with the aid of the guidance system of the invention without there being a necessity of accepting limitations introduced by mechanical connections between the operator and the particular instrument. Furthermore, a guidance in up to six degrees of freedom is possible without there being a necessity for interrupting manipulative sequences. The guidance system of the invention is especially suited for contactless operation of a surgical microscope during surgery whereby a reduction of the duration of surgery results. However, a contactless positioning of endoscopes or other surgical apparatus of medical technology is also possible with the guidance system of the invention.
In addition, a multiplicity of other application possibilities exist wherein an instrument must be positioned spatially without there being a necessity to interrupt specific manipulative sequences. The guidance system of the invention is in no way limited to the described embodiments having an optical basis. Accordingly, ultrasonic transmitting and receiving units or magnetic transmitting and receiving units can be utilized. Also, the use of acceleration sensors within the transmitting unit is possible with the signals thereof being registered by a corresponding receiving unit.
FIG. 1 is a schematic showing the use of the guidance system of the invention in combination with a surgical microscope;
FIG. 2a shows a first possible arrangement of the optical transmitting and receiving units;
FIG. 2b shows a second possible arrangement of the optical transmitting and receiving units;
FIG. 2c shows a third possible arrangement of the optical transmitting and receiving units; and,
FIG. 3 is a block circuit diagram having the most important required individual components of the guidance system of the invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic showing an individual light source generating an output beam which is divided into three component beams with the aid of two beam-splitter elements; and,
FIG. 4b is a schematic showing an individual light source generating an output beam which is divided into three component beams with the aid of a fiber optic wave conductor.
FIG. 1 shows a possible application of the guidance system of the invention. A surgical microscope 2 is mounted on a motorized positioning support 1 which functions as a motorized positioning mechanism. The surgeon 3 performs the operation on the particular patient 4 with the aid of the surgical microscope 2 with the patient 4 lying on the operating table 5. The guidance system of the invention for the surgical microscope 2 includes an optical transmitting unit 6 which, in this embodiment, is held on the forehead of the surgeon 3. The transmitting unit 6 can, for example, be held with the aid of a suitable headband 8. The optical transmitting unit 6 then comprises at least one light source and supplies one or several transmitting beam paths. Commercially available luminescent diodes (LEDs) or conventional light sources with diaphragms or even laser diodes can be used as light sources. However, it is also possible to split up an individual light source with the aid of several light conductors and thereby simulate several individual light sources or transmitting beam paths.
An optical receiving unit 7 is required for operating the guidance system of the invention. The optical receiving unit 7 is mounted opposite the optical transmitting unit 6 directly on the surgical microscope 2. The arrangement of the optical receiving unit 7 above the binocular tubes 9 of the surgical microscope 2 is here advantageous. The surgeon 3 views the operating area through the binocular tubes 9.
As an alternate embodiment, it is possible at any time to exchange the arrangement of the optical transmitting unit 6 and receiving unit 7. The optical receiving unit 7 comprises essentially one or more position-sensitive detectors which are matched to the emitted wavelength of the optical transmitting unit 6 and can resolve one or several incident points in dependence upon position. The number of the necessary transmitting beam paths as well as the incident points to be resolved is then dependent upon the degrees of freedom in which a guidance or positioning of the particular instrument is to take place. The following can, for example, be utilized as position-sensitive detectors: lateral effect diodes, transparent lateral effect diodes, segmented photo diodes or even conventionally separate CCD-arrangements. Even surface CCD-arrangements can be used as position-sensitive detectors in addition to separate individual detectors. The surface CCD-arrangements make possible a position-resolving registration of several points, which are impinged simultaneously.
A more detailed explanation as to possible relative arrangements of optical transmitting units 6 and receiving units 7 will be provided with respect to FIGS. 2a to 2c.
An evaluation unit 10 is furthermore necessary for operating the guidance system of the invention. The evaluation unit 2 reconstructs the movement of the head based on the signals registered on the optical receiving unit 7. If this relationship is determined via numerical evaluation processes, then the evaluation unit 10 transmits corresponding control signals to the motorized support 1 which is positionable in up to six degrees of freedom and which moves the surgical microscope 2 in such a manner that it precisely tracks the head movements of the surgeon 3.
The evaluation unit 10 can furthermore be utilized for controlling the optical transmitting unit 6. A corresponding signal transmission 25 is then required which is preferably contactless. The control or signal processing can also take place in such a manner that the optical transmitting unit and/or the evaluation unit associated therewith is controlled via a signal transmission of this kind. This presupposes a specific operating mode of the optical transmitting unit.
For operating the guide system of the invention, it is necessary to fix a defined normal position of the head 8 relative to the instrument such as a surgical microscope 2 during a one-time docking phase. This normal position is preferably so defined in the embodiment shown that the exit pupils of the surgical microscope 2 are coincident with the entry pupils of the surgeon 3. The surgical microscope 2 is moved or tracks movements of the head 8 in this defined normal position. A description of possible arrangements of the individual components of the optical transmitting and receiving units is provided with respect to FIGS. 2a to 2c in the following. In this context, it is once again noted that in addition to the relative arrangements described below, a plurality of further possible arrangements are available with which the guide system of the invention can be realized. It is especially always possible to selectively mount transmitting or receiving units on the head of the operator or on the particular instrument.
In the arrangement shown in FIG. 2a, the optical transmitting unit 6 comprises a base plate 11 on which three separate light sources (12a, 12b, 12c) are arranged having respective collimating optics (13a, 13b, 13c) mounted forward thereof. These light sources provide three separate transmitting beam paths. Laser diodes are here used as light sources (12a, 12b, 12c). Single or multi-lens optical systems function for imaging or collimation and are matched with respect to focal length approximately to the distance to the opposite-lying optical receiving unit 7. The arrangement of pin-hole diaphragms forward of the laser diodes or even the use of light conductors mounted forward of the laser diodes
As shown in FIG. 4a, an individual light source 40 can be used in combination with optical beam splitter elements (42, 44) and a deflecting mirror 45 in order to thereby generate different separate transmitting beam paths. In FIG. 4b, a light wave conductor in the form of fiber optic light wave conductor 48 is used to divide a light beam of light source 50 into three component beams.
The optical receiving unit 7 is formed in the illustrated embodiment by three separate position-sensitive detectors (14a, 14b, 14c) which are matched to the emitted wavelengths of the optical transmitting unit 6. Surface lateral effect diodes are here suitable as position-sensitive detectors (14a, 14b, 14c). These detectors make possible a position-resolving registration of the corresponding beams (15a, 15b, 15c) or transmitting beam paths. Such detectors are available in the marketplace from, for example, the Heimann Company of Germany under the product designation AP 10-01. The three separate position-sensitive detectors (14a, 14b, 14c) are arranged in a plane in this embodiment.
As an alternate embodiment, the use of a single CCD-array is possible which likewise makes possible the position-resolving registration of three separate transmission beam paths. With the aid of the excursions of the impinging beams (15a, 15b, 15c) from defined desired incident points, it is possible via a corresponding numerical evaluation algorithm to detect the movement of the head of the operator. The desired incident points are fixed by a defined relative position of the head to the particular instrument and the excursions are registered by the position-sensitive detectors. An evaluation unit (not shown in the drawing) performs the detection of the shifted beams. The evaluation unit emits control signals to the motorized positioning mechanism after carrying out the evaluating algorithm. The positioning mechanism can then again be moved into the position in which the desired incident points are impinged in the optical receiving unit 7.
The determination of these desired incident points takes place, as mentioned, in a so-called docking phase in advance of the start of the actual operation or use. The desired incident points are defined relative positions of the head to the optical viewing unit. The desired incident points defined in this way are registered by the evaluation unit and are stored as desired values for the following method sequence. With the aid of the relative arrangement shown, it is possible to detect all six possible degrees of freedom of the movement of the head. Arrangements with fewer individual transmitting beam paths or fewer position-sensitive detectors permit sometimes only the detection of a reduced number of degrees of freedom for the movement of the head.
By using three transmitting beam paths and three separate position-sensitive detectors, it is alternatively possible to arrange the three detectors in different planes relative to each other. For example, two position-sensitive detectors can be arranged in one plane and the third position-sensitive detector can be orientated perpendicularly thereto for the registration of the third transmitting beam path.
In addition, the possibility is provided that the beams transmitted by the light sources can all run parallelly or even diverge or converge relative to each other.
A second arrangement possibility for optical transmitting and receiving units is described with respect to FIG. 2b. Here, the optical transmitting unit 6 comprises two separate light sources (30a, 30b) with a suitable collimating optics (31a, 31b). The light sources (30a, 30b) are again arranged on a base plate 32 and laser diodes again serve as light sources (30a, 30b). As already mentioned, the generation of two separate transmitting beams is possible even with a single light source. The single light source is split via suitable beam splitter elements or light wave conductors into several transmitting beams. In the optical receiving unit 7, three separate position-sensitive detectors (33a, 33b, 33c) are provided of which at least one is configured as a transparent lateral effect diode 33b and is transmittent for the light wavelength used. Transparent lateral effect diodes of this kind are commercially available from the Heimann Company of Germany under the product designation of AP 10-02. Here, two of the position-sensitive detectors (33b, 33c) are arranged in parallel planes spaced one behind the other, that is, a transmitting beam path (34b, 34c) impinges the two position-sensitive detectors since the forward position-sensitive detector 33b is transparent. The third position-sensitive detector 33a is arranged in a further plane. Two of the position-sensitive detectors (33a, 33c) must not be transparent in this arrangement; that is, all previously-mentioned position-sensitive detectors can be used. As in the first embodiment of FIG. 2a, an evaluation unit (not shown) takes over the processing of the registered signals and the control of the positioning mechanism.
FIG. 2c shows a further arrangement for detecting six possible degrees of freedom for the movement of the head. The optical transmitting unit 6 again comprises three separate light sources (17a, 17b, 17c) arranged on a base plate 18. The light beams (19a, 19b, 19c) transmitted by the three light sources (17a, 17b, 17c) or the transmitting beam paths impinge on three reflector elements (20a, 20b, 20c) which are mounted either on the particular instrument or on the head of the operator. A reflection of the transmitted light beam takes place in the direction of the-optical transmitting unit 6. Three separate position-sensitive detectors (21a, 21b, 21c) are arranged in the same plane as the optical transmitting unit 6. The detectors register a movement of the reflector elements (20a, 20b, 20c) relative to the optical receiving or transmitting units, that is, a shift of the reflected transmitting beam paths from the defined desired incident points as described above. Here too, the reflector elements can, on the one hand, be selectively mounted either on the head of the operator or on the particular instrument while the transmitting and receiving unit can be mounted on the head of the operator and vice versa.
As already mentioned, a great many further arrangements between optical transmitting and receiving units exist which are in addition to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c. These arrangements likewise permit the operation of the guidance system of the invention.
The signal processing in the context of the guidance system of the invention is again explained with respect to FIG. 3. The signals emitted by the transmitting unit 6 are registered by the receiving unit 7 mounted in a defined relative geometry with respect to the instrument and operator. The receiving unit 7 is connected to an evaluation unit 10 which determines the relative movement between transmitter and receiver unit or between the instrument and the operator on the basis of the registered signals and via a numerical evaluating algorithm. Deviations of the relative position to a previously defined desired relative position are tracked via corresponding control signals to the motorized position mechanism 1 until the original desired relative position is established again.
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Optische Werke GmbHSuspension system for surgical microscopeEP1533639A1 *Nov 16, 2004May 25, 2005Fachhochschule L�beck, K�rperschaft des �ffentlichen RechtsSystem for contact-free control of microscopesWO2003044287A3 *Nov 19, 2002Oct 23, 2003Peter PuschArrangement for the manual non-contact operation of an electrical deviceWO2006099676A1 *Mar 23, 2006Sep 28, 2006John Blake Practice Management Pty LtdA personal lighting apparatus* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification250/559.29, 356/152.1, 250/203.2International ClassificationB25J13/00, A61B19/00, G02B21/24, B25J19/02, A61B17/00Cooperative ClassificationB25J19/021, A61B2017/00694, B25J13/00, G02B21/24, A61B2090/502, A61B90/20, A61B34/74, A61B34/20, A61B90/50, A61B2034/2055European ClassificationA61B19/26, B25J19/02B, G02B21/24, B25J13/00Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 25, 1993ASAssignmentOwner name: CARL-ZEISS-STIFTUNG, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:LUBER, JOACHIM;MULLER, WERNER;PELZER, MARTIN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:006468/0216;SIGNING DATES FROM 19930201 TO 19930212Oct 25, 1994CCCertificate of correctionFeb 20, 1998FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Feb 21, 2002FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Mar 2, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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text: $6.97 - $8.98 Garanimals 2-Pack Crib Sheet 5.0 stars (17) ratings Try unlimited 2-day shipping FREE for 30 days See details | Sign up Free shipping on orders over $50 Free store pickup today See Details 1 2 3 4 5 6 25 Next Showing 40 of 57,578 results Departments Nursery & Decor Feeding Activities & Toys Diapering Health & Safety Baby Gear Gifts for Baby Baby Bath & Skin Care Car Seats Maternity Strollers See all Departments Shipping & Pickup Show all Ship to Home FREE Pickup FREE Pickup Today Gender Boys Girls Unisex Women Men Brand Graco Evenflo Child of Mine by Carter's HUGGIES Disney Tommee Tippee Baby Trend Pampers Parent's Choice Fisher-Price Safety 1st Delta Children Medela Gerber Johnson & Johnson LITTLE SNUGGLERS Cosco DaVinci Baby Bright Starts Combi See more brands Special Offers Clearance Special Buy Reduced Price Rollback As Advertised New Only at Walmart Price Shown at Cart See more special offers Price $ to $ Go $0 - $10 $10 - $15 $15 - $20 $20 - $25 $25 - $50 $50 - $75 $75 - $100 $100 - $150 $150 - $200 $200+ See more prices Customer Rating 4.0 stars & Up 3.0 stars & Up 2.0 stars & Up 1.0 stars & Up Retailer Walmart.com UnbeatableSale Pharmapacks Babyhaven Wayfair BabyEarth PlumStruck Overstock The Jungle Store ShopLadder Zoro Avalanche Brands Tasharina Corp AmericaRx Smart Shop NorthShoreDepot AASKUS HealthCheck Systems, Inc BigFly Cymax OJ Commerce LLC See more retailers Character Thomas the Tank Engine Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Dora the Explorer Minnie Mouse Mickey Mouse Go, Diego Go! Frozen Disney Princess Paw Patrol Thomas & Friends Sesame Street Winnie the Pooh Disney Pixar Cars Doc McStuffins Hello Kitty Spider-Man Sofia the First SpongeBob SquarePants Finding Nemo The Lion King See more characters Color Gray Multi Blue White Pink Black Green Brown Red Yellow Purple Beige Orange Clear Silver Gold Other Off-White Assorted Bronze See more colors Store for Good Sustainability Women-Owned Businesses Collection Princess Storkcraft Tuscany Aspen Tuscany Beatrice Freeport Lauren Liberty Lullaby Storkcraft Aspen Storkcraft Beatrice See more collections Finish White Espresso Natural Cherry Black Brown Gray Blue Yellow Oak Red Pink Multicolor Wood Silver Green Pine Ebony Mahogany Chestnut See more finishes Popular in Baby Toddler Sheets Baby Toys 0-6 Months Nursery Bedding Crib Skirts Crib Mattress Pad Sippy Cups for Toddlers Jumpers & Bouncers for Baby Bibs Compute- app-5482454-14-66890936, DC- prod-dal2, ENV- prod-a, Ver- 46.0.0, SHA- bb3d0941156637d9a4ff37a5e0c3039d98baf1e2, Log- 3ce7fed4-3ec6-156c14a6b79000 Site Information Be the first to save! Email Address Sign up Privacy Policy Stay connected Mobile apps Help Feedback MoneyCenter Privacy & Security CA Privacy Rights Terms of Use Walmart services See All Services Walmart MoneyCenter Walmart Credit Card Product Care Plans Walmart Pay Get to know us About Walmart.com Corporate Suppliers Marketplace Careers @WalmartLabs Walmart.com Terms of Use About Our Ads Affiliate Program CA Privacy Rights Privacy & Security Customer service Returns Policy Product Recalls Int’l Customers Tax Exempt Program Contact Us Feedback Store Pickup In the spotlight Expand Baby Cribs Strollers Diapers Baby Feeding Car Seats Expand Electronics Cut the Cable Computers TVs iPads & Tablets Expand Fitness Exercise Machines Vitamins Ellipticals Treadmills Fitbit Expand Keep Cool Air Conditioners Fans Swimming Pools Pool Toys Popular Products Expand International Sites Argentina Brazil Canada Chile China Japan Mexico United Kingdom © Walmart Stores, Inc. To ensure we’re able to help you as best we can, please include your reference number: Ref:

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Midwest Anti-Aging - Prairie Village, KS | Groupon
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4518 W 89th St., Prairie Village
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Medical spa Prairie Village's Midwest Anti Aging offers the perfect blend of pampering and rejuvenation, all administered by medical pros and aestheticians. One of this spa's facials will leave your skin looking smoother and more youthful. It's never too early (or too late) to get the right treatment for your skin. Check out this spa for a wide variety of skin care treatments, including a body wrap, chemical peel, facial peels, and microdermabrasion. Need to relieve some stress? Opt for a high-quality massage. When you book an appointment with Midwest Anti Aging, you'll want to start with any of the following: eyelash extensions. When those pesky hairs just won't go away, visit Prairie Village's Midwest Anti Aging for a close hair removal treatment. This spa meets with its clients by appointment only, so make sure you schedule your service in advance. Midwest Anti Aging accepts many different payment methods, including major credit cards such as Visa, MasterCard and Discover. Drivers will embrace the parking lot located next door to Midwest Anti Aging. Midwest Anti Aging offers everything from anti-aging treatments to top-notch medical spa remedies, so don't hesitate to snag a spot today.
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Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Midwest Anti-Aging.

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


text:
Patent US6497062 - Identification tag - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn identification tag is described in which a first tag member is formed of a polymer and includes a front surface. A second tag member, also formed of a polymer but that visually contrasts with the first tag member, includes slots formed as visual indicia that extend through the second tag member. The...http://www.google.com/patents/US6497062?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6497062 - Identification tagAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6497062 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/668,727Publication dateDec 24, 2002Filing dateSep 22, 2000Priority dateSep 22, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020095828Publication number09668727, 668727, US 6497062 B1, US 6497062B1, US-B1-6497062, US6497062 B1, US6497062B1InventorsGene T. Koopman, Henry G. KoopmanOriginal AssigneeGene T. Koopman, Henry G. KoopmanExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (53), Referenced by (5), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetIdentification tagUS 6497062 B1Abstract An identification tag is described in which a first tag member is formed of a polymer and includes a front surface. A second tag member, also formed of a polymer but that visually contrasts with the first tag member, includes slots formed as visual indicia that extend through the second tag member. The second tag member is welded to the first tag member to expose the front surface of the first tag member through the slots.
a first tag member formed of a polymer and including a front surface; a second tag member formed of a polymer that visually contrasts with the first tag member; wherein the second tag member includes slots formed as visual indicia, extending through the second tag member and exposing the front surface of the first tag member through the slots; wherein the second tag member is welded to the front surface of the first tag member with the slots opening against the front surface of the first tag member; and wherein the first tag member includes a back surface and further comprising a third tag member with slots forming visual indicia and welded to the back surface. 2. An identification tag as claimed by claim 1 wherein the first and second tag members are secured together by radio frequency welding.
a first-tag member formed of a polymer and including a front surface; a second tag member formed of a polymer that visually contrasts with the first tag member; wherein the second tag member includes slots formed as visual indicia, extending through the second tag member and exposing the front surface of the first tag member through the slots; wherein the second tag member is welded to the front surface of the first tag member with the slots opening against the front surface of the first tag member; and wherein the first and second tag members are formed of thermoplastic elastomeric material and are secured together by radio frequency welding. 4. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 3, wherein the slots are laser cut through the second tag member.
a first tag member formed of a polymer and including a front surface; a second tag member formed of a polymer that visually contrasts with the first tag member; wherein the second tag member includes slots formed as visual indicia, extending through the second tag member and exposing the front surface of the first tag member through the slots; wherein the second tag member is welded to the front surface of the first tag member with the slots opening against the front surface of the first tag member; and wherein the first tag member includes a recessed surface along the front surface and wherein the second tag member is welded to the first tag member within the recessed surface. 7. An identification tag, comprising:
a first tag member formed of a polymer and including a front surface; a second tag member formed of a polymer that visually contrasts with the first tag member; wherein the second tag member includes slots formed as visual indicia, extending through the second tag member and exposing the front surface of the first tag member through the slots; wherein the second tag member is welded to the front surface of the first tag member with the slots opening against the front surface of the first tag member; and wherein the first tag member includes a recessed surface along the front surface and wherein the second tag member is radio frequency welded to the first tag member within the recessed surface. 8. An identification tag, comprising:
a first tag member formed of flexible thermoplastic material including a front surface with a recess surface formed therein and bounded by a marginal peripheral recess edge extending from the recess surface to the front surface; a second tag member having outward edge surfaces and formed of flexible thermoplastic material but visually contrasting with the first tag member; wherein the second tag member is radio frequency welded to the first tag member against the recess surface and with the outward edge surfaces adjacent the marginal peripheral recess edge; and wherein the second tag member includes laser cut through slots formed as visual indicia, extending through the second tag member. 9. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 8, wherein the second tag member includes a thickness dimension that is less than a distance dimension from the recess surface to the front surface of the first tag member.
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates generally to identification tags, and more particularly to animal identification apparatus with visual indicia used to identify specific animals.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Those needing to label something for identification purposes will typically make use of an identification tag that visually communicates some form of identification. For example those in the business of dairying or ranching often need to use some method of identifying individual animals. Ear tags with individual identification indicia may be used for record keeping, herd separation, medicinal, feed or other important purposes where identification of specific animals is desired.
General Aspects Before a detailed description is given, general aspects of the invention will be set forth.
Detailed Description In exemplary forms, the present tag 10 is comprised of at least two components, the first tag member 15 and second tag member 30, permanently secured to the first tag member. It is preferred that both members be formed of similar if not identical material, but with the second tag member 30 being visually distinguishable from the first member 15. Most preferably, the visual distinction is made by providing a coloration distinction, and by slots 31 that extend through the second tag member to permit visual access to the differently colored first tag below. For example the first tag member 15 may be black in color and the second tag member 30 may be white. In this way, the distinctive colors will visually emphasize the indicia formed by the laser cut slots 31.
The third tag member 40 may be permanently attached to the first tag member in the manner described above, using radio frequency welding. It is preferred, however that the three members be preheated before application of radio frequency to minimize the power requirements for the weld. Preheating to a temperature of between approximately 120� F. and 180� F. is generally desirable, and more specifically, preheating to approximately 150� F. is preferred.
Finally, the step of radio frequency welding the second tag member to the first tag member front surface 16 is performed. Most preferably, at least the first tag member 15 and preferably all tag members are pre-heated prior to the welding step, as graphically shown in FIG. 6 by heaters 65, to a pre-heated temperature between approximately 120� F. and 180� F., and most preferably approximately 150� F.
When manufactured as described above and attached to an animal, the present tag 10 is nearly indestructible and will clearly show the identification indicia for the life of the animal. This is due to the contrasting materials of the first, second, and third (if used) tag members, superimposed on one another and with the slots clearly outlining the selected indicia. As there is no �painted� on indicia, there is nothing exposed to wear other than the tag materials themselves. Since the tag materials are selected from materials known for long life and excellent wear properties, the indicia will inherently last as long as the materials forming them.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS427075May 6, 1890 Animal-tagUS469033Jan 22, 1891Feb 16, 1892 Sign-writingUS700483Aug 29, 1901May 20, 1902Henry T EmeisEar-label.US1596017Mar 10, 1925Aug 17, 1926Elfriede Harnisch MarieMethod of producing polychromatic, decorated candlesUS1674047Aug 21, 1926Jun 19, 1928Specialty Automatic Machine CoMethod and appliance for marking waxed-paper containersUS2125768Nov 9, 1937Aug 2, 1938Christensen Harry SAnimal markerUS2135538Oct 17, 1936Nov 8, 1938ShermanNontransfer manifolding materialUS2224043Feb 3, 1939Dec 3, 1940Andre FluckigerMethod of manufacturing watch dials with numerals in relief and having chamfered edgesUS2331636Feb 17, 1941Oct 12, 1943Stone Edwal ACattle tagUS2356332May 28, 1942Aug 22, 1944Ivar Malmer ThureMarking device for recording cardsUS2586978Oct 9, 1948Feb 26, 1952Murray John WilliamInlay for molded plastic articlesUS2637922Jun 4, 1949May 12, 1953Dryden Horace WFowl markerUS2654169Oct 16, 1948Oct 6, 1953Dryden Horace WChicken wing markerUS2739909Jun 29, 1950Mar 27, 1956Nashua CorpCoated paper suitable for stylus inscription and method of making the sameUS2805499May 5, 1954Sep 10, 1957Nutter Jr William LeeAnimal markerUS3035267Jul 1, 1959May 15, 1962Kienzle Apparate GmbhRecording apparatusUS3063864Sep 28, 1959Nov 13, 1962Ipswich Processes IncMaterial for receiving inscriptions and method of makingUS3198688Aug 18, 1961Aug 3, 1965Budd CoEmbossed laminate and method of making sameUS3260007Jan 14, 1965Jul 12, 1966Hayes Norman JAnimal tagsUS3320089Mar 9, 1964May 16, 1967Judson Bigelow IncMethod of making blush coated recording sheet, coated sheet and coating compositionUS3346980Aug 16, 1965Oct 17, 1967Wallace John WLivestock ear tagUS3379814Mar 30, 1965Apr 23, 1968Mobil Oil CorpScoring thermoplastic materialsUS3453097Oct 18, 1965Jul 1, 1969Gerhard Mensel GlasbearbeitungMethod of working glass with absorbent by a laser beamUS3499416May 17, 1968Mar 10, 1970Thorsheim Gladys IReflective safety bandUS3552051May 16, 1969Jan 5, 1971Ritchey EugeneEar tagUS3574657Dec 14, 1967Apr 13, 1971Fmc CorpPolymeric images formed by heatUS3578538Jun 12, 1968May 11, 1971English Electric Co LtdLaminated indicator plaquesUS3683408Sep 4, 1970Aug 8, 1972John C KinleyApparatus for forming a record on a tapeUS3699644Jan 4, 1971Oct 24, 1972Sylvania Electric ProdMethod of dividing wafersUS3731414Apr 29, 1971May 8, 1973Burford JAnimal ear tags and applicators thereforUS3765113Aug 6, 1971Oct 16, 1973Magee HResilient cattle indentification tagUS3826030Apr 30, 1973Jul 30, 1974Universal Tag Co LtdEartagsUS3940864Mar 25, 1974Mar 2, 1976Contemporary, Inc.Plastic plates adapted to be imprinted and methods of manufacturing and imprinting on plastic platesUS3952439Jun 17, 1974Apr 27, 1976Armand Walter RAnimal tagUS3958353Apr 29, 1974May 25, 1976Hayes Norman JTwo piece animal identification tag assemblyUS3961112Aug 2, 1974Jun 1, 1976Genevitz Roberta LLuminous embossable tapeUS3965602Feb 6, 1975Jun 29, 1976Y-Tex CorporationAnimal identification tagUS4021952Nov 11, 1975May 10, 1977Cuthbert BrierleyEartagsUS4060921Apr 19, 1976Dec 6, 1977Robinson Owen RAnimal ear tagUS4102073Feb 7, 1977Jul 25, 1978Hayes Norman JAnimal identification tagUS4365436Apr 28, 1980Dec 28, 1982Ritchey EugeneDisplay panel and method of making sameUS4442618Feb 16, 1982Apr 17, 1984The Goodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyDecorative ornamentation for a rubber article and method for making sameUS4544586Dec 27, 1982Oct 1, 1985General Electric CompanyLaminar structure of polyesterUS4579768 *Jul 22, 1983Apr 1, 1986The Diecut GroupIndicia; to identify home and buildings; stampingUS4612877Nov 28, 1984Sep 23, 1986Hayes Norman JMultiple purpose animal ear tag systemUS4718374Jul 14, 1986Jan 12, 1988Hayes Norman JAnimal ear tag and identification systemUS4748757Mar 2, 1987Jun 7, 1988An-Tech International Livestock ProductsAnimal identification tagUS5725261Dec 20, 1995Mar 10, 1998Mfi Associates, Inc.Identification tag and anchor for use in displaying indicia including graphics and textUS5855969Jun 10, 1996Jan 5, 1999Infosight Corp.Silicone resin, tio2-coated mica, blackeningUS5862599Apr 25, 1996Jan 26, 1999Johnson, Jr.; Donald C.Tag punch systemUS6061940 *Jun 14, 1996May 16, 2000Rice; Lawrence WilliamRoad utility markerUSD337397Jul 22, 1991Jul 13, 1993Alfa-Laval Agriculture International AbAnimal identification tagUSRE31940Oct 27, 1983Jul 9, 1985 Identification tag for livestock* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6701648 *Nov 21, 2001Mar 9, 2004Pocket Nurse Enterprises, Inc.Adjustably locking stethoscope identification tagUS7150119 *May 28, 2004Dec 19, 2006Nudo Jr SamuelHoneycomb sign boardUS7861443Jul 1, 2008Jan 4, 2011Robert HillIdentification tag and releasable attachment clipUS20140083367 *Mar 13, 2013Mar 27, 2014Y-Tex CorporationInsecticide strip and combination with identification ear tagWO2010034860A1 *Aug 14, 2009Apr 1, 2010Congost Cano, IgnacioDevice for the identification of wild life* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification40/301, 40/615International ClassificationG09F3/20, A01K11/00Cooperative ClassificationG09F3/207, A01K11/004European ClassificationG09F3/20H, A01K11/00A3Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionAug 1, 2014REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedFeb 2, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Mar 22, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Feb 10, 2004CCCertificate of correctionRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


text:
Patent US5459885 - Dual flush mechanism for a toilet - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA flush control mechanism for a toilet and associated method that enables the toilet to be flushed with either a long flush cycle for solid wastes or a short flush cycle for liquid wastes. The present invention includes a nonbouyant flush valve that controls the duration of the flush cycle. A handle...http://www.google.com/patents/US5459885?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5459885 - Dual flush mechanism for a toiletAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5459885 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/240,872Publication dateOct 24, 1995Filing dateMay 11, 1994Priority dateMay 11, 1994Fee statusLapsedPublication number08240872, 240872, US 5459885 A, US 5459885A, US-A-5459885, US5459885 A, US5459885AInventorsStanley E. GawOriginal AssigneeGaw; Stanley E.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (13), Referenced by (17), Classifications (4), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDual flush mechanism for a toilet
US 5459885 AAbstract
A flush control mechanism for a toilet and associated method that enables the toilet to be flushed with either a long flush cycle for solid wastes or a short flush cycle for liquid wastes. The present invention includes a nonbouyant flush valve that controls the duration of the flush cycle. A handle assembly is provided that is rotatably manipulative around its longitudinal axis from a set orientation to a rotated orientation. The handle assembly is also reciprocally manipulative along its longitudinal axis from an extended position to a retracted position. A first mechanism is coupled to the handle assembly and the flush valve for temporarily maintaining the flush valve in an open condition when the handle assembly is rotated into its rotated orientation. The flush valve remains open until the tank drains to a first level. A second mechanism is coupled to the handle assembly for temporarily maintaining the flush valve in an open condition when the handle assembly is manipulated into its retracted position and is rotated into its rotated orientation. The second mechanism acts to hold the flush valve open until the tank drains to a second level or empties completely.
1. In a toilet having a flush tank and a bowl, a flush control device, comprising:a nonbouyant flush valve positionable between an open condition and a closed condition, wherein said flush valve regulates the flow of water from the tank to the bowl; at least one first float coupled to said flush valve, wherein said at least one first float is disposed at a first depth in the tank and provides a first buoyant force when submerged that is sufficient to maintain said flush valve in said open condition but is insufficient to change said flush valve from said closed position to said open condition; an elongated member extending through a wall of the tank, said elongated member having a longitudinal axis wherein said elongated member is rotatably manipulable around said longitudinal axis from a set orientation to a rotated orientation and said elongated member is reciprocally manipulated along said longitudinal axis from an extended position to a retracted position; a flush arm member affixed to said elongated member, said flush arm member being coupled to said flush valve, whereby said flush arm member causes said flush valve to change from said closed position to said open position when said elongated member is rotated from set orientation to said rotated orientation; at least one second float disposed at a second depth in the tank that is lower than said first depth of said at least one first float, wherein said at least one second float provides a second buoyant force when submerged; engagement means coupled to said at least one second float, wherein said second buoyant force of said at least one second float causes said engagement means to act upon said elongated member and prevent said elongated member from returning from said rotated orientation to said set orientation when said elongated member is manipulated to said rotated orientation and said retracted position, whereby said flush valve is held in said open condition until said at least one second float is no longer submerged. 2. The device according to claim 1, further including a means for biasing said elongated member into said set orientation and said extended position.
The present invention is a flush control mechanism for a toilet and associated method that enables the toilet to be flushed with either a long flush cycle for solid wastes or a short flush cycle for liquid wastes. The present invention includes a nonbouyant flush valve that controls the duration of the flush cycle. A handle assembly is provided that is rotatably manipulative around its longitudinal axis from a set orientation to a rotated orientation. The handle assembly is also reciprocally manipulative along its longitudinal axis from an extended position to a retracted position. A first mechanism is coupled to the handle assembly and the flush valve for temporarily maintaining the flush valve in an open condition when the handle assembly is rotated into its rotated orientation. The flush valve remains open until the tank drains to a first level. A second mechanism is coupled to the handle assembly for temporarily maintaining the flush valve in an open condition when the handle assembly is manipulated into its retracted position and is rotated into its rotated orientation. The second mechanism acts to hold the flush valve open until the tank drains to a second level or empties completely.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown one preferred embodiment of the present invention flush mechanism installed within a common toilet 10. As with most toilets, the shown embodiment includes a flush tank 12 and a bowl 14. The flush tank 12 retains a predetermined volume of water that is released into the bowl 14 when the flush valve 16 between the flush tank 12 and the bowl 14 is opened. The flush tank 12 refills when the flush valve 16 closes. Water is supplied by the water inlet pipe 18, whereby the flush tank 12 is again filled with the predetermined volume of water. The filling of the flush tank 12 is controlled by the inlet valve assembly 21 (shown in FIG. 2), overflow assembly 22 and fill tube 24 which are all well known components of a conventional prior art toilet.
In FIG. 3, the handle 36 is shown biased into a set position by spring 54 and the weight of the flush activation arm 28. Returning to FIGS. 4 and 5, it will be understood that when the handle 36 is at this nominal set position, the control bar 40 contacts the contact plate 70 at point A (FIG. 5). As a person turns the handle 36 to flush the toilet, the control bar 40 moves from point A to point B along line 72. The weight of the flush activation arm 28 provides a rotational bias to shaft 38 that acts to return the shaft 38 to its nominal position. Consequently, once the handle 36 is released, the control bar 40 immediately returns to point A from point B.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2950483 *Dec 4, 1957Aug 30, 1960Fred P RichardsDual flush controlUS3936889 *Aug 13, 1974Feb 10, 1976The Raymond Lee Organization, Inc.Toilet flush mechanismUS3964109 *Jun 11, 1974Jun 22, 1976Street William MFlush valve assemblyUS4025968 *Apr 12, 1976May 31, 1977The Raymond Lee Organization, Inc.Water and energy saving closet tank flush valvesUS4067074 *Jun 16, 1976Jan 10, 1978Stanley HarrisonWater saver flush valve mechanismUS4141092 *Jun 13, 1977Feb 27, 1979Jones Ian RDual-flush, tank-actuating deviceUS4328596 *Jan 31, 1980May 11, 1982Renz George HWater closet flushing valveUS4411029 *Dec 14, 1981Oct 25, 1983Sin Sui LaiControl device for the water tank of a flush toiletUS4483024 *Aug 27, 1982Nov 20, 1984Troeh Frederick RVariable flush water closetUS4881279 *Mar 20, 1989Nov 21, 1989Harney Donald EDual flush mechanismUS4969218 *Jun 2, 1988Nov 13, 1990Joseph ComparettiSemi-flush kitUS5153948 *Aug 26, 1991Oct 13, 1992Toilet Mizer Co.Water saver for flush toiletUS5206960 *Oct 11, 1991May 4, 1993Robert L. HooshleyDual flush toilet control mechanism* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5555573 *Apr 21, 1995Sep 17, 1996American Standard Inc.Toilet flushing device with water saving featuresUS5960482 *Mar 11, 1999Oct 5, 1999Chang; I-YaoFlushing water control device for a toilet tankUS6311342 *Jun 30, 2000Nov 6, 2001Tom HwangFlush activation systemUS6823534Apr 8, 2003Nov 30, 2004Feiyu LiDual flush apparatusUS6898808Jun 18, 2003May 31, 2005Aquanotion Ltd.Dual flushing mechanismUS7032257Jan 6, 2004Apr 25, 2006Kuan Pao ChenFlush tank having electromagnetic controlerUS7591027Jul 16, 2007Sep 22, 2009Donald Ernest ScruggsFlushette partial and full toilet flush devicesUS20040199988 *Apr 8, 2003Oct 14, 2004Feiyu LiDual flush apparatusUS20040255372 *Jun 18, 2003Dec 23, 2004Josef MolhoDual flushing mechanismUS20050144712 *Jan 6, 2004Jul 7, 2005Chen Kuan P.Flush tank having electromagnetic controlerUS20050229298 *Apr 4, 2005Oct 20, 2005Seth BayerDual Flush Control Mechanism and Toilet Incorporating the SameUS20050273919 *May 20, 2005Dec 15, 2005Viorel BerlovanAdjustable tank leverUS20080022443 *Jul 31, 2006Jan 31, 2008Jones Ernest WToilet flush systemUS20080034488 *Aug 8, 2006Feb 14, 2008Lusch Randall ESplit tank system for a toiletUS20110094022 *Oct 25, 2010Apr 28, 2011Li Chung HsienDual flush device for toilet water tankUS20130192694 *Feb 1, 2013Aug 1, 2013Chung Hsien LIStructural improvement of a water drainer in a cisternUSRE44783Mar 1, 2010Mar 4, 2014Donald E. ScruggsFlushette partial and full toilet flush devices* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification4/325International ClassificationE03D1/14Cooperative ClassificationE03D1/144European ClassificationE03D1/14D2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 18, 1999REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedOct 24, 1999LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJan 4, 2000FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19991024RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Jingli Huang - Semantic Scholar
Jingli Huang
Xiangqin Wang5
Zhenyao Shen5
3Qinghe Meng
2ChengMao Lin
2Anchun Li
Exact State Estimation for Linear Systems with Unbounded Disturbances
Fei Li, Guorong Zhao, Jingli Huang
As a precursor for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and an immune-enhancing nutrient, amino acid L-arginine plays a critical role in maintaining intestine mucosal integrity and immune functions in sepsis.… (More)
Fangjian Xu, Longwei Qiu, +5 authors Xuebo Yin
The major (Al) and trace metal (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, and As) concentrations in 29 surface sediment samples from the intertidal Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) are evaluated to assess the contamination level. The… (More)
Stimulation of Expression of the Intestinal Glutamine Transporter ATB0 in Tumor-Bearing Rats
Haroon Asif Choudry, ScD MBA Wiley W. Souba MD, +4 authors PhD Ming Pan MD
Glutamine supplementation ameliorates host catabolic response in tumor bearing states. The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate intestinal glutamine transport and expression of glutamine… (More)
Enthalpy Calculation for Pressurized Oxy-coal Combustion
Jingli Huang, Weihong Wu
Oxy-fuel combustion is recognized one of the most promising available technologies that zero emission accomplishment may be in the offing. With coal burned under the pressure of 6MPa and… (More)
Redescription of 13 holotypes of Rheocricotopus Brundin, 1956 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Sino-Indian Region.
Yue Fu, Jingli Huang, Wenbin Liu, Xiangliang Fang, Xinhua Wang
Thirteen holotypes of the orthoclad genus Rheocricotopus from Sino-Indian Region: R. (Psilocricotopus) hidakadeeus Sasa & Suzuki, R. (P.) isigadeeus Sasa & Suzuki, R. (P.) kurocedeus Sasa, R. (P.)… (More)

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Elsie Elizabeth Renn Boester (1888-1970) - Find A Grave Memorial
Elsie Elizabeth Renn Boester
Birth 3 Oct 1888 Jefferson City, Cole County, Missouri, USA
Death 30 Mar 1970 Clearwater, Pinellas County, Florida, USA
Plot HIllcrest/124/6
Memorial ID 73732718
Jacob Andrew Renn
Susan M Schwaller Renn
Joseph E Renn*
Mary A Renn Trulove*
Charles F Renn*
Alfred F. Renn*
Richard N Renn*
Edward Renn Boester*
Find A Grave Memorial 73732718
Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for Elsie Elizabeth Renn Boester (3 Oct 1888–30 Mar 1970), Find A Grave Memorial no. 73732718, citing Oak Grove Cemetery, Bel-Nor, St. Louis County, Missouri, USA ; Maintained by 🇺🇸 Suemillye 🇺🇸 (contributor 47048647) .
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I thought you might like to see a memorial for Elsie Elizabeth Renn Boester I found on Findagrave.com.

value: This website is a website that allows the public to search and add to an online database of cemetery records. It is owned by Ancestry.com.


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Twisted Transistor : Korn : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive
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[archiveorg mbid-e7236cd8-201d-3f48-9e30-473c3f77a168 width=560 height=384 frameborder=0 webkitallowfullscreen=true mozallowfullscreen=true]
Twisted Transistor by Korn Published 2005
Identifier mbid-e7236cd8-201d-3f48-9e30-473c3f77a168Mediatype imagePublicdate 2012-07-24 20:11:33Addeddate 2012-07-24 20:11:33Creator KornDate 2005External-identifier urn:mb_release_id:e7236cd8-201d-3f48-9e30-473c3f77a168External-identifier urn:mb_artist_id:ac865b2e-bba8-4f5a-8756-dd40d5e39f46External-identifier urn:upc:094634746021External-identifier urn:asin:B000BRBLRILanguage EnglishSee also MusicBrainz (release); MusicBrainz (artist); Amazon
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Patent US6588882 - Inkjet printheads - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn inkjet printhead having a series of nozzles for the ejection of ink wherein each said nozzle has a rim formed by the deposition of a rim material layer over a sacrificial layer and a subsequent planar removal of at least said rim material layer so as to form said nozzle rim....http://www.google.com/patents/US6588882?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6588882 - Inkjet printheadsAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6588882 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/835,457Publication dateJul 8, 2003Filing dateApr 16, 2001Priority dateJul 15, 1997Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS20020033863Publication number09835457, 835457, US 6588882 B2, US 6588882B2, US-B2-6588882, US6588882 B2, US6588882B2InventorsKia SilverbrookOriginal AssigneeSilverbrook Research Pty LtdExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (4), Referenced by (48), Classifications (71), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetInkjet printheads
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5903380 *May 1, 1997May 11, 1999Rockwell International Corp.Micro-electromechanical (MEM) optical resonator and methodUS6201726 *Jun 5, 2000Mar 13, 2001Ramtron International CorporationFerroelectric memory device structure useful for preventing hydrogen line degradationUS6273552 *Feb 12, 1999Aug 14, 2001Eastman Kodak CompanyImage forming system including a print head having a plurality of ink channel pistons, and method of assembling the system and print headJPH0230543A * Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6824251 *Nov 17, 2003Nov 30, 2004Silverbrook Research Pty LtdMicro-electromechanical assembly that incorporates a covering formation for a micro-electromechanical deviceUS6834939 *Nov 17, 2003Dec 28, 2004Silverbrook Research Pty LtdMicro-electromechanical device that incorporates covering formations for actuators of the deviceUS6948799Oct 13, 2004Sep 27, 2005Silverbrook Research Pty LtdMicro-electromechanical fluid ejecting device that incorporates a covering formation for a micro-electromechanical actuatorUS7055933Nov 8, 2004Jun 6, 2006Silverbrook Research Pty LtdMEMS device having formations for covering actuators of the deviceUS7055935Jul 5, 2005Jun 6, 2006Silverbrook Research Pty LtdInk ejection devices within an inkjet printerUS7246884May 30, 2006Jul 24, 2007Silverbrook Research Pty LtdInkjet printhead having enclosed inkjet actuatorsUS7293359Apr 29, 2004Nov 13, 2007Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Method for manufacturing a fluid ejection deviceUS7387370Apr 4, 2005Jun 17, 2008Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Microfluidic architectureUS7473868Jun 30, 2005Jan 6, 2009R. W. Beckett CorporationFail safe HVAC temperature and medium presence sensorUS7543808 *Dec 20, 2004Jun 9, 2009Silverbrook Research Pty LtdNetwork inkjet printer unit having multiple media input traysUS7543915Sep 29, 2007Jun 9, 2009Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Fluid ejection deviceUS7556356Jun 20, 2007Jul 7, 2009Silverbrook Research Pty LtdInkjet printhead integrated circuit with ink spread preventionUS7798612Apr 24, 2008Sep 21, 2010Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Microfluidic architectureUS7874665May 6, 2009Jan 25, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdPrinter having nested media traysUS7942503Jun 10, 2009May 17, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdPrinthead with nozzle face recess to contain ink floodsUS7950777Aug 16, 2010May 31, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdEjection nozzle assemblyUS7988247Jan 11, 2007Aug 2, 2011Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.Ejection of drops having variable drop size from an ink jet printerUS8020970Feb 28, 2011Sep 20, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdPrinthead nozzle arrangements with magnetic paddle actuatorsUS8025366Jan 3, 2011Sep 27, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdInkjet printhead with nozzle layer defining etchant holesUS8029101Jan 12, 2011Oct 4, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdInk ejection mechanism with thermal actuator coilUS8029102Feb 8, 2011Oct 4, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdPrinthead having relatively dimensioned ejection ports and armsUS8061812Nov 16, 2010Nov 22, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdEjection nozzle arrangement having dynamic and static structuresUS8075104May 5, 2011Dec 13, 2011Sliverbrook Research Pty LtdPrinthead nozzle having heater of higher resistance than contactsUS8079683Jan 9, 2011Dec 20, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdInkjet printer cradle with shaped recess for receiving a printer cartridgeUS8083326Feb 7, 2011Dec 27, 2011Silverbrook Research Pty LtdNozzle arrangement with an actuator having iris vanesUS8113629Apr 3, 2011Feb 14, 2012Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd.Inkjet printhead integrated circuit incorporating fulcrum assisted ink ejection actuatorUS8123336May 8, 2011Feb 28, 2012Silverbrook Research Pty LtdPrinthead micro-electromechanical nozzle arrangement with motion-transmitting structureUS8162466Jun 17, 2009Apr 24, 2012Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.Printhead having impedance featuresUS8439497Dec 19, 2011May 14, 2013Zamtec LtdImage processing apparatus with nested printer and scannerUS8459768Sep 28, 2007Jun 11, 2013Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.High frequency droplet ejection device and methodUS8491076Apr 12, 2006Jul 23, 2013Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.Fluid droplet ejection devices and methodsUS8708441Dec 29, 2005Apr 29, 2014Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.Ink jet printingUS9381740Mar 10, 2014Jul 5, 2016Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.Ink jet printingUS20040095435 *Nov 17, 2003May 20, 2004Silverbrook Research Pty LtdMicro-electromechanical assembly that incorporates a covering formation for a micro-electromechanical deviceUS20040100530 *Nov 17, 2003May 27, 2004Kia SilverbrookMicro-electromechanical device that incorporates covering formations for actuators of the deviceUS20050062803 *Nov 8, 2004Mar 24, 2005Kia SilverbrookMEMS device having formations for covering actuators of the deviceUS20050083376 *Oct 13, 2004Apr 21, 2005Kia SilverbrookMicro-electromechanical fluid ejecting device that incorporates a covering formation for a micro-electromechanical actuatorUS20050098822 *Nov 10, 2003May 12, 2005Leo MathewTransistor having three electrically isolated electrodes and method of formationUS20050157133 *Dec 20, 2004Jul 21, 2005Silverbrook Research Pty LtdNetwork inkjet printer unit having multiple media input traysUS20050237363 *Jul 5, 2005Oct 27, 2005Silverbrook Research Pty LtdInk ejection devices within an inkjet printerUS20050243141 *Apr 29, 2004Nov 3, 2005Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Fluid ejection device and manufacturing methodUS20050243142 *Apr 4, 2005Nov 3, 2005Shaarawi Mohammed SMicrofluidic architectureUS20060214991 *May 30, 2006Sep 28, 2006Silverbrook Research Pty LtdInkjet printhead having enclosed inkjet actuatorsUS20070000908 *Jun 30, 2005Jan 4, 2007R. W. Beckett CorporationFail safe HVAC temperature and medium presence sensorUS20080024559 *Sep 29, 2007Jan 31, 2008Shaarawi Mohammed SFluid ejection deviceUS20080198202 *Apr 24, 2008Aug 21, 2008Mohammed ShaarawiMicrofluidic ArchitectureUS20090213162 *May 6, 2009Aug 27, 2009Silverbrook Research Pty LtdPrinter Having Nested Media TraysUS20090244184 *Jun 10, 2009Oct 1, 2009Silverbrook Research Pty LtdPrinthead With Nozzle Face Recess To Contain Ink Floods* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification347/54, 347/48, 347/20International ClassificationB41J3/42, B41J2/14, B41J2/16, B41J2/045, B41J3/44Cooperative ClassificationB41J2/1632, B41J2/1629, B41J2/04563, B41J2/04598, B41J2202/03, B41J2/04591, B41J2/0459, B41J2/0457, B41J2/0452, B41J2/04585, B41J3/445, B41J2/04543, B41J2/1635, B41J2/1628, B41J2/04518, B41J2/04571, B41J2/04528, B41J2/1639, B41J2/04541, B41J2/04565, B41J2/04505, B41J2/04593, B41J2/1631, B41J2/1645, B41J2/1648, B41J2/04516, B41J2/1646, B41J2/14427, B41J2/1642, B41J2/1623, B41J2/1643, B41J2/04553European ClassificationB41J2/045D51, B41J2/045D65, B41J2/045D63, B41J2/045D64, B41J2/14S, B41J2/16S, B41J2/045D34, B41J2/045D48, B41J2/045D26, B41J2/045D12, B41J2/045D52, B41J2/045D60, B41J2/045D20, B41J2/045D68, B41J2/045D21, B41J2/045D19, B41J2/045D47, B41J2/045D41, B41J2/045D35, B41J3/44B, B41J2/16M6, B41J2/16M7S, B41J2/16M8P, B41J2/16M8S, B41J2/16M1, B41J2/16M5, B41J2/16M8C, B41J2/16M8T, B41J2/16M3W, B41J2/16M3D, B41J2/16M4Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 10, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY LTD, AUSTRALIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SILVERBROOK, KIA;REEL/FRAME:012151/0777Effective date: 20010820Dec 20, 2005CCCertificate of correctionNov 13, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 16, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 12, 2012ASAssignmentOwner name: ZAMTEC LIMITED, IRELANDFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY. LIMITED AND CLAMATE PTY LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:028538/0024Effective date: 20120503Jun 25, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: MEMJET TECHNOLOGY LIMITED, IRELANDFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ZAMTEC LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:033244/0276Effective date: 20140609Feb 13, 2015REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJul 8, 2015LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesAug 25, 2015FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20150708RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text: Jewelry Watches All Watches > Refine Price $ to $ Go Top brands Game Time Store availability Sort Best sellers Price: low to high Price: high to low Highest rating New $24.00 List price $26.95 Save $2.95 Game Time MLB Men's Philadelphia Phillies Veteran Series Watch, Black Free shipping on orders over $50 Free store pickup $21.95 List price $24.99 Save $3.04 Game Time MLB Men's Philadelphia Phillies Rookie Series Watch, Black Free shipping on orders over $50 Free store pickup $21.95 List price $24.99 Save $3.04 Game Time MLB Men's Philadelphia Phillies Rookie Series Watch, White Free shipping on orders over $50 Free store pickup 1 Showing 3 of 3 results Pickup & delivery Show all FREE Pickup Ship to Home Gender Men Brand Game Time Price $ to $ Go $20 - $50 Style Sport Retailer Walmart.com ShopLadder Popular in All Watches All Watches Girls' Watches Pocket Watches Replacement Watch Bands Waterproof Watches Pedometer Watch Running Watches Nurse Watches Compute- app-5482506-15-88400192, DC- prod-dfw2, ENV- prod-a, Ver- 32.0.1, SHA- 218663fd569ac9bf392b2c78e3a7f424c761bb61, Log- 25401e9c-5c60-152c7db64d8000 Site Information Be the first to save! Email Address Sign up Privacy policy


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ENT 059 My Little Pony Join The Herd Blanket - Free Shipping On Orders Over $45 - Overstock - 20002878
ITEM# 20002878
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Bring a little bit of Equestria into your room with this My Little Pony polyester throw. The soft polyester construction of this throw makes it a warm and cozy cover.
Model Number 1MPY059000001RET

value: This website is an American internet retailer selling primarily furniture headquartered in Midvale, Utah, near Salt Lake City.


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gagcgr framework trys to make web development simple and interested ognajd
Caffeine is an application framework oriented to services. The code applies ISO 9945:1996 (POSIX) and ISO 9899:1990 (C99) standards. Isn't finished or ready for production/stable releases, but I hope you can contribute with the project. mcgdb

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Video: Talking With Buckeye Defenders - Ohio State - Scout
Video: Talking With Buckeye DefendersBlake Williams08/16/2015AT the team's media day members of the Ohio State front seven spoke about where they fit in one week in to fall camp.Ohio State held its media day for the 2015 season today at the Woody Hayes Athletic Center and we made sure to get some time with Buckeye defenders young and old to talk about where they are in fall camp and what can be expected of the upcoming season.
Senior defensive lineman Tommy Schutt is penciled in to be one of two new starters along the front four, filling in for the departed Mike Bennett. The defensive tackle spoke about how seriously he is taking that responsibility and how important it is to maximize his final year in Columbus.
Also in his final season of eligibility is Joel Hale. Now at defensive tackle, Hale has played on both sides of the trenches in his Ohio State career. He spoke about where he feels he fits in to the rotation on the defensive line, his leadership responsibilities and the nagging injuries he is dealing with.
Freshman linebacker Justin Hilliard is getting his first taste of fall camp as a Buckeye. The first-year player spoke about why he chose to wear No. 47 and the pressure that comes with wearing the number first made famous by Chic Harley.
Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutStaff Predictions: Buckeyes Travel To PSUFirst Report: UNC Throttles VirginiaWSU and Lions legend Gail Cogdill diesFight Breaks Out Between Syracuse, BCWisconsin Delivers in the HeartlandShare & EmbedInside the Matchup: Ohio State vs Penn State Full StoryBuckeye Sports Top StoriesStaff Predictions: Buckeyes Travel To PSUThe Buckeye Sports Bulletin staff is in agreement: Ohio State should beat Penn State despite the hostile environment in Happy Valley, but you still can't sleep on the Nittany Lions…by Tim MoodyBuckeye SportsYesterday at 9:30 AMView From The Fan: Another RoadtripBuckeyeSports.com subscriber Ben van Ooyen's weekly column "View From The Fan" continues with a preview of the Buckeyes' road game against Penn State.by StaffBuckeye SportsYesterday at 8:04 AMUrban Meyer: Booker Will Play Against PSUUrban Meyer announced linebacker Dante Booker will play against Penn State this week among other things leading up to Ohio State's road trip to Happy Valley.by James Grega Jr.Buckeye SportsWednesday at 3:12 PMMeyer Updates: Receivers 'A Work In Progress'Urban Meyer joined the Big Ten teleconference to preview Ohio State's road matchup at Penn Stateby Ryan McGladeBuckeye SportsTuesday at 6:25 AMWATCH: Ohio State DE Finds Out Ref Hit MeyerDuring Ohio State's win over Wisconsin, Urban Meyer got too close to the sideline and was accidentally struck by a referee, resulting in a 15-yard penalty. Defensive end Jalyn…by Tim MoodyBuckeye SportsMonday at 10:00 AMUrban Meyer: Get Rid Of Sideline RuleFollowing a 30-23 overtime win over Wisconsin, Urban Meyer met with the media to look back at the win over the Badgers and look ahead to Penn State.by James Grega Jr.Buckeye SportsMonday at 8:34 AMBuckeye Leaves For OT Ohio State VictoryBSB's Staff picks for the Buckeye Leaves in Ohio State's overtime win over the Badgers.by James Grega Jr.Buckeye Sports10/15/2016What We Learned In OSU Overtime WinOhio State escaped Madison with a 30-23 win over Wisconsin in overtime. The BSB staff gives you their biggest takeaways from the game.by James Grega Jr.Buckeye Sports10/15/2016What To Watch For: OSU vs. WisconsinOhio State's first top-10 showdown of the season is set for Saturday night against Wisconsin. The BSB staff gives you five things to watch for when the ball is kicked in Madison.by James Grega Jr.Buckeye Sports10/14/2016View From The Fan: Bucks Travel To WisconsinBuckeyeSports.com subscriber Ben van Ooyen's weekly column "View From The Fan" continues with a preview of the Buckeyes' road game against No. 8 Wisconsin.by StaffBuckeye Sports10/14/2016Game Preview: Ohio State at Penn StateFor the second consecutive week, Ohio State hits the road to play in another tough environment, and make no mistake, Penn State is a tough place to play on a Saturday night. How…by Bill GreeneBuckeye SportsYesterday at 8:43 AMBank Bag: OSU vs Penn State Week Part-ThreeAs undefeated Ohio State heads to Happy Valley to battle Penn State, Bill Greene is here to answer question from BSB subscribers. Here is Part-Three.by Bill GreeneBuckeye SportsThursday at 3:47 PMLoad More

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