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Everest climbers worried about oxygen bottle theft - BBC News
By Navin Singh Khadka Environment correspondent, BBC World Service
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-40050483
Image caption Mountaineers using oxygen bottles to reach the summit of Everest
Foreign climbers and Sherpas on Mount Everest are concerned about the increasing theft of oxygen bottles from high camps.
They say it could threaten the lives of mountaineers because they each have a set supply for weather and traffic-related delays, as well as for the descent.
The concerns have been raised as the last groups of mountaineers wait for the weather to clear for their final push to the summit.
Experts say crowds of mountaineers, with many inexperienced climbers and unqualified guides, have also contributed to the situation.
"It is becoming a serious issue up there," Nima Tenji Sherpa, a mountain guide just back from Everest, told the BBC.
"I kept on hearing from expedition groups that their oxygen bottles had disappeared and that could be life-threatening - particularly when they have used up what they are carrying on their way up and they are still not on the summit yet, or they plan to use the stocked bottles on their way back."
Image caption Climbers must pay $11,000 for a permit to climb Mount Everest
Foreign climbers have posted about the theft on social media.
"Another seven bottles of oxygen have gone missing from our supply," wrote expedition leader Tim Mosedale on Facebook last Monday.
"This time from the South Col (camp four, the last camp before Everest at 7,900m)."
"Thankfully Pemba, having summited Lhotse yesterday, had enough energy to go to the South Col and check our supply and report his findings.
"But will it still be there when we arrive in a few days or will a few more bottles of magic air have gone missing?"
Earlier, Mr Mosedale had posted about a similar incident on Lhotse mountain near Everest.
"As long as we know that our oxygen is being used, we can get it resupplied. But to turn up and take it causes not only an issue for the summit team but also jeopardises the lives of other climbers."
Although it was earlier reported that the death toll this season had reached 10, Nepalese authorities have said they can only confirm five deaths so far.
None of the deaths has been linked to the theft of oxygen bottles.
Image copyright DEVENDRA M SINGH
Image caption A Japanese mountaineer holds empty oxygen bottles in Kathmandu as part of an Everest base camp clean-up effort
"What can you do when thieves break the locks of the tent and take away oxygen bottles, food and even cooking gas?" said Phurba Namgyal Sherpa, general secretary of the Nepal National Mountain Guides Association (NNMGA).
"It is becoming a trend.
"Because of such incidents, climbers have had to return without reaching the summit because when you learn that you no more have the life-saving bottles, the first thing you want to do is get back to the base camp."
Nima Tenji Sherpa said he had to give his oxygen bottle to his client in 2012 when they were on their way back because their stocks were stolen.
"We were descending and we saw that our bottles were gone and my client had already used up his oxygen, I took a risk and gave him my bottle.
"Fortunately we made it to the lower camps."
Precious bottles
According to the NNMGA, climbers use seven bottles of oxygen on average on their way up and down.
Climbers can inhale it at different rates and if they consume it at the highest rate of inhaling, a bottle can last up to five hours.
Mountaineers normally use the bottled oxygen above Camp Three, but they need to keep on climbing up and down to acclimatise before the final summit bid during the right weather window.
That means they might also use the bottles while camping in the higher camps.
Veteran Sherpa climbers said no-one has been caught stealing the bottles yet.
Image copyright ROBERT KAY
Image caption Everest base camp has been crowded this climbing season, sparking concern among sherpas and mountaineers
They suspect it could be groups that are ill-prepared and face life-threatening situations because they do not have adequate supplies.
They say there is also an increasing practice of stealing oxygen bottles from high camps and bringing them down to base camp to sell them.
"That market appears to be thriving at the base camp," said Nima Tenji Sherpa.
Government officials are aware of all this.
They say they are trying to introduce a new rule that will require each climber to have a Sherpa climber so that everyone has enough basic requirements such as oxygen bottles, medicine and food.
"We have proposed for this to be included in the mountaineering regulation but there has to be a cabinet-level decision on this," said an official at the tourism ministry, who did not wish to be named.
"Frequent changes in the government have meant that our ministry has been getting a new minister every few months, and issues like this don't get addressed."
The government has given permission to nearly 400 mountaineers to climb Mount Everest this season.
Approximately 300 have already climbed the highest peak and the remainder are waiting for the weather to clear, say officials.
Familiar tale of tragedy as record numbers tackle Everest
Missing Indian climber found dead on Mount Everest
Indian woman 'sets new Everest dual ascent record'


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Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the World by Walter J. Ong | 9780415027960 | Paperback | Barnes & Noble
'Professor Ong has managed to synthesize an incredible amount of thought and at the same time has carried some of his earlier ideas still further. Orality and Literacy should become a classic. It is eminently assignable for undergraduate courses' - Professor John Ahern'No comparable work on this important subject exists. Thanks to the…
'Professor Ong has managed to synthesize an incredible amount of thought and at the same time has carried some of his earlier ideas still further. Orality and Literacy should become a classic. It is eminently assignable for undergraduate courses' - Professor John Ahern'No comparable work on this important subject exists. Thanks to the lucidity of its style and presentation of complex thought, this is a work that will be accessible and useful...it will be the standard introduction to this topic for some years to come' - Choice'Professor Walter Ong's new book explores some of the profound changes in our thought processes, personality and social structures which are the result, at various stages of our history, of the development of speech, writing and print. And he projects his analysis further into the age of mass electronic communications media...the cumulative impact of the book is dazzling. Read this book. Literature will never be the same again. And neither will you' - Robert Giddings, Tribune'This admirably lucid book...has obvious implications for philosophy, literature, linguistics, sociology, psychology, education, and Biblical studies...I believe this is the best book Ong has published' - Thomas J. Farrell, Cross Currents
Table of Contents Introduction1 The Orality of Language The Literate Mind and the Oral Past Did You Say 'Oral Literature'? 2 The Modern Discovery of Primary Oral Cultures Early Awareness of Oral Tradition The Homeric Question Milman Parry's Discovery Consequent and Related Work 3 Some Psychodynamics of Orality Sounded Word as Power and Action You Know What you can Recall: Mnemonics and Formulas Further Characteristics of Orally Based Thought and Expression (i) Additive Rather than Subordinative (ii) Aggregative Rather than Analytic (iii) Redundant or 'Copious' (iv) Conservative or Traditionalist (v) Close to the Human Lifeworld (vi) Agonistically Toned (vii) Empathetic and Participatory Rather than Objectively Distanced (viii) Homeostatic (ix) Situational Rather than Abstract Oral Memorization Verbomotor Lifestyle The Noetic Role of Heroic 'Heavy' Figures and of the Bizarre The Interiority of Sound Orality, Community and the Sacral Words are not Signs 4 Writing Restructures Consciousness The New World of Autonomous Discourse Plato, Writing and Computers Writing is a Technology What is 'Writing' or 'Script'? Many Scripts but Only one Alphabet The Onset of Literacy From Memory to Written Records Some Dynamics of Textuality Distance, Precision, Grapholects and Magnavocabularies Interactions: Rhetoric and the Places Interactions: Learned Languages Tenaciousness of Orality Print, Space and Closure Hearing-Dominance Yields to Sight-Dominance Space and Meaning (i) Indexes (ii) Books, Contents and Labels (iii) Meaningful Surface (iv) Typographic Space More Diffuse Effects Print and Closure: Intertextuality Post-Typography: Electronics 6 Oral Memory, the Story Line and Characterization The Primacy of the Story Line Narrative and Oral Cultures Oral Memory and the Story Line Closure of Plot: Travelogue to Detective Story The 'Round' Character, Writing and Print 7 Some Theorems Literary History New Criticism and Formalism Structuaralism Textualists and Deconstructionists Speech-act and Reader-response Theory Social Sciences, Philosophy, Biblical Studies Orality, Writing and Being Human 'Media' Versus Human Communication The Inward Turn: Consciousness and the Text Read More

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Patent US5521849 - System for operating application software in a safety critical environment - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA system and method for operating application software in a safety critical environment comprises providing a data processor having an operating system for effecting processing operations and an intermediate shell which interacts with the operating system and application software to emulate a safety...http://www.google.com/patents/US5521849?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5521849 - System for operating application software in a safety critical environmentAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5521849 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/230,038Publication dateMay 28, 1996Filing dateApr 19, 1994Priority dateOct 22, 1992Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA2145844A1, CA2145844C, DE69316232D1, DE69316232T2, EP0665968A1, EP0665968B1, US5339261, US5506792, WO1994009433A2, WO1994009433A3Publication number08230038, 230038, US 5521849 A, US 5521849A, US-A-5521849, US5521849 A, US5521849AInventorsAlexander M. Adelson, Alan J. Eisenberg, Richard J. FarrellyOriginal AssigneeBase Ten Systems, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (104), Classifications (22), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem for operating application software in a safety critical environment
US 5521849 AAbstract
1. A system for running application software in a safety critical environment, comprising: data processing means having an operating system for running application software thereunder; and means for providing a safety critical environment including background and foreground safety critical functions for said application software running in conjunction with the operating system comprising means forming an intermediate shell having means for interfacing with the operating system, means for interfacing with the application software to run the application software under the operating system through the intermediate shell and means for controlling both the foreground and background safety critical functions while the application software is running including means for testing the intermediate shell as a background safety critical function independent of and while the application software is running in conjunction with the operating system.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the data processing means has a memory, a clock and a processor and wherein the means providing the safety critical environment further comprises means for continuously monitoring operations of the memory, clock and processor as a background safety critical function while the application software is running and means for indicating an error in operations of the clock, memory and processor as a foreground safety critical function.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the data processing means has a hardware components and means for entering input data for use with the application software and wherein the means providing the safety critical environment further comprises means for continuously monitoring input data and operations of the memory, clock and processor as a background safety critical function while the application software is running to produce chronological event data corresponding to said operations and means for maintaining a log of the input data and the chronological event data as a background safety critical function.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the data processing means has means for entering input data for use with the application software and wherein the application software performs calculations on data to produce calculated data and output data and wherein the means providing the safety critical environment further comprises means for storing ranges and formats for input data, output data and calculated data for the application software, means for continuously comparing the input data, output data and calculated data with the stored ranges and formats as a background safety critical function while the application software is running and means for indicating an unfavorable comparison as a foreground safety critical function.
5. A method for running application software in a safety critical environment, comprising the steps of: providing data processing means having an operating system and running application software thereunder; and providing a safety critical environment including background and foreground safety critical functions for said application software running in conjunction with the operating system by forming an intermediate shell, interfacing the intermediate shell with the operating system, interfacing the intermediate shell with the application software to run the application software under the operating system solely through the intermediate shell and controlling both the foreground and background safety critical functions while the application software is running including testing the intermediate shell as a background safety critical function, independent of and while the application software is running in conjunction with the operating system.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the data processing means has a memory, a clock and a processor and wherein the step of providing the safety critical environment further comprises continuously monitoring operations of the memory, clock and processor as a background safety critical function while the application software is running and indicating an error in operations of the clock, memory and processor as a foreground safety critical function.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the data processing means has a hardware components, wherein input data is entered for use with the application software and wherein the step of the safety critical environment further comprises continuously monitoring input data and operations of the memory, clock and processor as a background safety critical function while the application software is running to produce chronological event data corresponding to said operations and maintaining a log of the input data and the chronological event data as a background safety critical function.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein input data is entered for use with the application software, wherein the application software performs calculations on data to produce calculated data and output data and wherein the step of providing the safety critical environment further comprises storing ranges and formats for input data, output data and calculated data for the application software, continuously comparing the input data, output data and calculated data with the stored ranges and formats as a background safety critical function while the application software is running and indicating an unfavorable comparison as a foreground safety critical function.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/964,742, filed Oct. 22, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,339,261.
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Boykin et al. Programming Under Mach, Addison/Wesley Reading, MA, Jan. 1993, pp. 5 97.4J. Boykin et al. Programming Under Mach, Addison/Wesley Reading, MA, Jan. 1993, pp. 5-97.5 *R. Sebesta, Concepts of Programming Lang., Benjamin/Cummings, Redwood City, CA, (no month) 1993, p. 432.6 *Silberschatz et al., Operating Systems Concepts, Addison/Wesley, Reading, MA (no month) 1994, pp. 5, 23, 31 & Chapter 20..* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5758060 *Mar 5, 1996May 26, 1998Dallas Semiconductor CorpHardware for verifying that software has not skipped a predetermined amount of codeUS5889990 *Nov 5, 1996Mar 30, 1999Sun Microsystems, Inc.Information appliance software architecture with replaceable service module providing abstraction function between system library and platform specific OSUS5926777 *Oct 14, 1997Jul 20, 1999Nematron CorporationMethod and apparatus for monitoring computer system service life parametersUS6418783 *Feb 28, 2001Jul 16, 2002Cyrano Sciences, Inc.Handheld sensing apparatusUS6658915Mar 15, 2002Dec 9, 2003Cyrano Sciences, Inc.Portable sensorUS6768943Apr 18, 2002Jul 27, 2004Aviation Communication & Surveillance Systems, LlcSystem and method using environment memory having signaturesUS6804796 *Apr 18, 2001Oct 12, 2004Microsoft CorporationMethod and test tool for verifying the functionality of a software based unitUS6883364Aug 28, 2003Apr 26, 2005Smiths Detection-Pasadena, Inc.Portable sensorUS7103914 *Jun 17, 2003Sep 5, 2006Bae Systems Information Technology LlcTrusted computer systemUS7440439Dec 27, 2001Oct 21, 2008Microsoft CorporationMethod of inquiringUS7464408 *Aug 29, 2003Dec 9, 2008Solidcore Systems, Inc.Damage containment by translationUS7549165Jul 17, 2006Jun 16, 2009Bae Systems Information Technology Inc.Trusted operating system with emulation and process isolationUS7591003Aug 30, 2006Sep 15, 2009Bae Systems Enterprise Systems IncorporatedSecurity policies in trusted operating systemUS7603552May 4, 2005Oct 13, 2009Mcafee, Inc.Piracy prevention using unique module translationUS7631342Aug 30, 2006Dec 8, 2009Bae Systems Information Technology Inc.Data security verification for data transfers between security levels in trusted operating systemUS7660412 *Dec 9, 2005Feb 9, 2010Trend Micro IncorporatedGeneration of debug information for debugging a network security applianceUS7757269Feb 2, 2006Jul 13, 2010Mcafee, Inc.Enforcing alignment of approved changes and deployed changes in the software change life-cycleUS7765595Aug 30, 2006Jul 27, 2010Focke Michael WAccess control differentiation in trusted computer systemUS7783735Mar 22, 2004Aug 24, 2010Mcafee, Inc.Containment of network communicationUS7836454Mar 19, 1999Nov 16, 2010Oracle America, Inc.Information appliance architectureUS7840968Dec 17, 2003Nov 23, 2010Mcafee, Inc.Method and system for containment of usage of language interfacesUS7856661Jul 14, 2005Dec 21, 2010Mcafee, Inc.Classification of software on networked systemsUS7870387Apr 7, 2006Jan 11, 2011Mcafee, Inc.Program-based authorizationUS7873955Sep 7, 2004Jan 18, 2011Mcafee, Inc.Solidifying the executable software set of a computerUS7895573Mar 27, 2006Feb 22, 2011Mcafee, Inc.Execution environment file inventoryUS7895651Jul 29, 2005Feb 22, 2011Bit 9, Inc.Content tracking in a network security systemUS7937757Aug 30, 2006May 3, 2011BAE Systems Information Solutions, Inc.Multi-domain architecture for process isolation with processor supporting multi-domain architectureUS7987230Jul 20, 2010Jul 26, 2011Mcafee, Inc.Containment of network communicationUS8028340Sep 1, 2009Sep 27, 2011Mcafee, Inc.Piracy prevention using unique module translationUS8195931Oct 29, 2008Jun 5, 2012Mcafee, Inc.Application change controlUS8234713Dec 17, 2009Jul 31, 2012Mcafee, Inc.Enforcing alignment of approved changes and deployed changes in the software change life-cycleUS8272058Jul 29, 2005Sep 18, 2012Bit 9, Inc.Centralized timed analysis in a network security systemUS8307437Nov 11, 2010Nov 6, 2012Mcafee, Inc.Classification of software on networked systemsUS8321932Dec 22, 2010Nov 27, 2012Mcafee, Inc.Program-based authorizationUS8332929Jan 9, 2008Dec 11, 2012Mcafee, Inc.Method and apparatus for process enforced configuration managementUS8341627Aug 21, 2009Dec 25, 2012Mcafee, Inc.Method and system for providing user space address protection from writable memory area in a virtual environmentUS8352930Apr 24, 2006Jan 8, 2013Mcafee, Inc.Software modification by group to minimize breakageUS8381284Aug 21, 2009Feb 19, 2013Mcafee, Inc.System and method for enforcing security policies in a virtual environmentUS8515075Jan 29, 2009Aug 20, 2013Mcafee, Inc.Method of and system for malicious software detection using critical address space protectionUS8539063Aug 29, 2003Sep 17, 2013Mcafee, Inc.Method and system for containment of networked application client software by explicit human inputUS8544003Dec 11, 2009Sep 24, 2013Mcafee, Inc.System and method for managing virtual machine configurationsUS8549003Sep 12, 2010Oct 1, 2013Mcafee, Inc.System and method for clustering host inventoriesUS8549136 *Oct 8, 2008Oct 1, 2013Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. 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How I feel as a 31 year old on Reddit. : funnyjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | funny-todayilearned-Showerthoughts-Documentaries-dataisbeautiful-listentothis-DIY-mildlyinteresting-books-photoshopbattles-Music-UpliftingNews-Art-TwoXChromosomes-gaming-Jokes-movies-personalfinance-InternetIsBeautiful-creepy-philosophy-nosleep-Fitness-askscience-nottheonion-television-tifu-sports-pics-videos-explainlikeimfive-history-news-EarthPorn-GetMotivated-Futurology-science-LifeProTips-WritingPrompts-food-AskReddit-space-OldSchoolCool-worldnews-aww-gadgets-IAmA-gifsmore » funnycommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/funnyuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 24 Feb 20121,471 points (91% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postfunnyunsubscribesubscribe6,624,774 readers19,988 users here nowWelcome to r/Funny:
a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSilluminatedwaxWe're no strangerskrispykrackersto lovedoug3465Doug E. FreshKyldeThe JanitorGuitarFreak027sodypopbrownboy13There is no alien, citizen.neptathkabuliwallahNeither fair nor justpoop_monsterOutsourced moderator...and 19 more »147014711472How I feel as a 31 year old on Reddit. (i.imgur.com)submitted 2 years ago by ng607572 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–][deleted] 40 points41 points42 points 2 years ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onim 35 and when you lose your license due to poor vision and dementia, ill happily drive you to the grocery store if you let me use your discount!
permalinkparent[–]SmokeyDBear 6 points7 points8 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onSynergy.
permalinkparent[–]btinc 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onWhat a nice offer, I'll take you up on it. Luckily, dementia doesn't seem to run in my family, but macular degeneration does, my mom has it at 97.
username:try anotheravailable!account recovery email: (optional)we only send email at your requestpassword:verify password:remember mecreate accountis it really that easy? only one way to find out...loginalready have an account and just want to login?username:password:remember merecover passwordloginclose this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 24451 on app-165 at 2014-08-29 02:50:05.995432+00:00 running 86bd09d country code: US.

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Guide to Reading & Writing Japanese (H) by Florence Sakade - New, Rare & Used Books Online at Alibris Marketplace
About this title: This book is designed first of all to make the study of written Japanese a much less formidable task for the foreign student than it has traditionally been. Its second major purpose is to enable the student to achieve fluency in reading and writing the language in its everyday style. Essentially, the book reflects the language simplification movement now under way in Japan.
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The Man That You Fear : Marilyn Manson : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive
mbid-677382ed-5179-4121-83b0-ca83b2e8e636-5911026285.jpg mbid-677382ed-5179-4121-83b0-ca83b2e8e636-5911036874.jpg mbid-677382ed-5179-4121-83b0-ca83b2e8e636-5911044836.jpg remove-circle
[archiveorg mbid-677382ed-5179-4121-83b0-ca83b2e8e636 width=560 height=384 frameborder=0 webkitallowfullscreen=true mozallowfullscreen=true]
Graphic Violence Graphic Sexual Content Spam, Scam or Fraud Broken or Empty Data imageThe Man That You Fear by Marilyn Manson Published 1997
Identifier mbid-677382ed-5179-4121-83b0-ca83b2e8e636Mediatype imagePublicdate 2013-12-10 01:32:52Addeddate 2013-12-10 01:32:52External-identifier urn:mb_release_id:677382ed-5179-4121-83b0-ca83b2e8e636External-identifier urn:mb_artist_id:5dfdca28-9ddc-4853-933c-8bc97d87beecCreator Marilyn MansonDate 1997Backup_location ia905800_35Language EnglishSee also MusicBrainz (release); MusicBrainz (artist)
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STAINLESS STEEL 316 TOGGLE & TOGGLE TURNBUCKLE 1/4"
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J.R. Jones (Book, 1995) [WorldCat.org]
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36510645 Title: J.R. Jones Author: D Z Phillips Publisher: Cardiff : University of Wales Press, 1995. ISBN/ISSN: 0708313000 9780708313008 OCLC:36510645
J.R. Jones was a philosophical writer in English, a leader in the fight to sustain Welsh language and culture, and a troubler of theological waters. This biography explores the connections between his preoccupations with the identity of self, of a nation and of God. Read more...
Jones, John Robert, -- 1911-1970.
Jones, John Robert.
Philosophers -- Wales.
John Robert Jones; John Robert Jones; John Robert Jones
0708313000 9780708313008
Dewi Z. Phillips.
Add tags for "J.R. Jones". Be the first.
<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36510645> # J.R. Jones
library:oclcnum "36510645" ;
library:placeOfPublication <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/40593777#Place/cardiff> ; # Cardiff
schema:about <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/40593777#Topic/philosophers_wales> ; # Philosophers--Wales
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J.R. Jones/D Z Phillips; Cardiff : University of Wales Press, 1995.

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Patent US4755562 - Surface treated absorbent polymers - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsSurface treating water-absorbent resins with a polyquaternary amine substantially increases both the rate of water absorption and the quantity of water absorbed and retained by the resin. In addition to improved water absorbing properties, the surface-treated resins maintain the necessary "dry feel"...http://www.google.com/patents/US4755562?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4755562 - Surface treated absorbent polymersAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4755562 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/872,654Publication dateJul 5, 1988Filing dateJun 10, 1986Priority dateJun 10, 1986Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA1276370C, DE3686884D1, DE3686884T2, EP0248963A2, EP0248963A3, EP0248963B1, US4824901Publication number06872654, 872654, US 4755562 A, US 4755562A, US-A-4755562, US4755562 A, US4755562AInventorsWilliam Alexander, Mark Anderson, Barbara R. ReganOriginal AssigneeAmerican Colloid CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (41), Referenced by (34), Classifications (17), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSurface treated absorbent polymersUS 4755562 AAbstract Surface treating water-absorbent resins with a polyquaternary amine substantially increases both the rate of water absorption and the quantity of water absorbed and retained by the resin. In addition to improved water absorbing properties, the surface-treated resins maintain the necessary "dry feel" required for most applications.
9. A process as defined in claim 7 wherein the mixed monomer solution has a temperature of 20� to 85� C. prior to polymerization.
19. A process for preparing a solid, water-absorbent, cross-linked resin with improved water-absorbent properties, comprising:combining a monomer mixture of (A) potassium acrylate; (B) styrene and/or methyl methacrylate in an amount of 0% to 25% based on the amount of acrylate computed based on the weight of acrylic acid; and (C) a polyvinyl monomer, with water in an amount of at least 30 combined weight percent of (A) plus (B) plus (C) based on the total weight of (A) plus (B) plus (C) plus water to form a monomer mixture wherein the monomers of the monomer mixture consist essentially of (A), (B) and (C); adding a polymerization initiator to said monomer mixture capable of initiating, and in an amount sufficient to initiate polymerization of said monomer mixture; copolymerizing said monomer mixture while utilizing the exothermic heat of reaction as substantially the only non-ambient energy source to drive water away from said polyacrylate resin copolymer to form said cross-linked resin copolymer having a water content sufficiently low to be powdered without an intermediate drying step; and thereafter contacting said cross-linked resin copolymer with a polyquaternary amine in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 5.0% based on the weight of said cross-linked resin copolymer. 20. The process of claim 19 further including the step of adjusting the temperature of the monomer mixture to a temperature of 25� to 85� C. prior to adding said polymerization initiator to said monomer mixture.
______________________________________CHEMICALS______________________________________ACRYLIC ACID             58.81%POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE      11.76%AMMONIUM CARBONATE       11.76%N,N--METHYLENEBISACRYLAMIDE                    0.03%AZO POLYMERIZATION INITIATORS                    0.15%(5% wt. aqueous)AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE       14.70%(30% wt. aqueous ammonia)H2 O                2.79%TOTAL                    100.00%______________________________________
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Polymer     Gm. H2 O Absorbed/.1 g Polymer(Amount of  .5 psi after             .5 psi after                   .5 psi after                         .02 psi after                               .5 psi afterSurface Treatment)       1 min.             3 min.                   20 min.                         30 min.                               35 min.__________________________________________________________________________  Neutralized       1.45  1.72  2.22  3.19  2.63  polyacrylic  acid (no  treatment)  Neutralized       1.83  2.05  2.49  3.78  2.89  polyacrylic       (26%) (19%) (12%) (18%) (10%)  acid (0.3%  polyquat.)  Neutralized       1.45  1.59  2.00  3.52  2.66  polyacrylic acid  1% styrene  (no treatment)  Neutralized       1.96  2.10  2.34  3.53  2.64  polyacrylic acid       (35%) (32%) (17%) (0.25%)                               (-0.75%)  1% styrene  (0.3% polyquat.)  Neutralized       1.46  1.61  2.19  4.21  3.11  polyacrylic acid  2% styrene  (no treatment)  Neutralized       2.34  2.72  2.93  5.20  3.70  polyacrylic acid       (60%) (69%) (33%) (23%) (19%)  2% styrene  (0.3% polyquat)  Neutralized       1.56  1.75  2.19  4.62  3.41  polyacrylic acid  4% styrene  (no treatment)  Neutralized       2.11  2.54  2.85  5.22  3.73  polyacrylic acid       (35%) (45%) (30%) (13%) (9%)  4% styrene  (0.5% polyquat.)  Neutralized       1.99  2.20  2.81  4.92  3.51  polyacrylic acid  6% styrene  (no treatment)10.  Neutralized       2.65  3.13  3.33  5.83  4.19  polyacrylic acid       (33%) (42%) (18%) (18%) (19%)  6% styrene  (0.6% polyquat.)  Neutralized       1.47  1.75  2.38  3.70  3.13  polyacrylic acid  10% styrene  (no treatment)  Neutralized       1.85  2.32  2.79  5.24  3.92  polyacrylic acid       (26%) (32%) (17%) (41%) (25%)  10% styrene  (0.5% polyquat.)  Neutralized       1.39  1.50  2.06  4.35  3.13  polyacrylic acid  15% styrene  (no treatment)  Neutralized       1.51  1.76  2.50  5.19  4.16  polyacrylic acid       (8%)  (17%) (21%) (19%) (33%)  15% styrene  (0.5% polyquat.)  Neutralized       1.61  1.79  2.39  4.55  3.09  polyacrylic acid  10% methyl meth-  acrylate  (no treatment)  Neutralized       2.89  3.00  3.13  4.97  3.82  10% methyl meth-       (79%) (67%) (31%) (9%)  (23%)  acrylate  (0.8% polyquat.)  Neutralized       2.01  2.32  2.77  4.86  3.60  polyacrylic acid       (28%) (32%) (26%) (5%)  (2%)  4% styrene  (.5% low  molecular weight  polyquat.)  Overall average       36%   39%   22%   16%   15%  percent improve-  ment of surface-  treated polymer  over non-treated  polymer__________________________________________________________________________ () = % improvement
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