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Patent US20060183423 - Flexible Inter-Network Communication Scheduling - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsSystems and methods are provided for managing communications between two or more ad-hoc networks in a communication system. The systems and methods may have flexible communication time sharing of one or more nodes taking part in two or more ad-hoc networks. For example, the communication scheduling function...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060183423?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060183423 - Flexible Inter-Network Communication SchedulingAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060183423 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/279,686Publication dateAug 17, 2006Filing dateApr 13, 2006Priority dateDec 1, 2000Also published asUS7058050, US7450577, US20030076842, WO2002045360A2, WO2002045360A3Publication number11279686, 279686, US 2006/0183423 A1, US 2006/183423 A1, US 20060183423 A1, US 20060183423A1, US 2006183423 A1, US 2006183423A1, US-A1-20060183423, US-A1-2006183423, US2006/0183423A1, US2006/183423A1, US20060183423 A1, US20060183423A1, US2006183423 A1, US2006183423A1InventorsPer Johansson, Ulf Jonsson, Fredrik Alriksson, Niklas JohanssonOriginal AssigneePer Johansson, Ulf Jonsson, Fredrik Alriksson, Niklas JohanssonExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (29), Classifications (13), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetFlexible Inter-Network Communication Scheduling
DETAILED DESCRIPTION In general, the present invention is applicable to any communication system and particularly to inter-network communications. In many of the following specific embodiments, the present invention will be described in the context of Bluetooth networks and using terminology applicable to Bluetooth networks. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is equally applicable to other network technologies and particularly to ad-hoc network technologies. As such, the Bluetooth specific exemplary embodiments described herein may be generalized to other communication network technologies. The present invention includes systems and methods for flexible communication time sharing of one or more electronic devices with inter-network/piconet communication capability (herein referred to as network “nodes”) taking part in two or more distinct networks in, for example, a radio communication system. In preferred embodiments the radio communication includes ad-hoc networks which are created dynamically by two or more nodes requesting to communicate with one another using radio communications. Often time one network may wish to communication with one or more nodes in another network, this requiring inter-network communication scheduling. The systems and methods of the present invention preferably provide flexibility for providing such inter-network communications. Referring to FIG. 4, one possible functional diagram for the scheduling function for a node shared by two or more ad-hoc networks is provided. The system 400 includes an inter-piconet scheduling function (IPSF) 405 that has been provided a generic functional architecture such that it may be located in any of a number of different locations in the node's functional architecture. The system may be, for example, an electronic device with Bluetooth communication capability. As illustrated in this example, the IPSF 405 is put into context with the intra-piconet scheduler 410, the link manager 415, and the actual baseband buffering and packet processing functions 420. Noteworthy is that the IPSF is not necessarily located in the link manager, but may be located in any location of the device which provides flexibility to achieve the best execution possible dependent on the device type and system architecture. It is more important that the various information exchanges occur between the IPSF 405 and the various other function aspects of the system 400. As illustrated, the IPSF may be communicatively coupled to the intra-piconet scheduler 410 with which it exchanges active piconet and active slave information; Further, the IPSF 405 may be communicatively coupled to the link manager 415 with which link mode set-up, timing parameters, and correlation window control may be shared. Similarly, the IPSF 405 may share capacity allocation requests from applications forwarding functions IPSF allocation information between nodes via various other parts of the system 400. The intra-piconet scheduler and link manager may also be coupled to the various baseband packet processing functions 420. This flexible functional architecture may be supported by various hardware of an electronic device having communication capabilities necessary to execute coordinated communications between various networked devices. As indicated in FIG. 4, the IPSF 405 is not necessarily located in the link manager 415. As such, if the IPSF 400 is located outside the link manager 415, the IPSF 405 will not require inter-piconet specific link manager protocol messages. This provides system flexibility so that new link manager protocol messages do not need to be created for operations of the IPSF 405 operations. Further, the IPSF may be executed on a separate processor and not directly on the one running the rest of the Bluetooth baseband functions. However, the particular location of the IPSF 405 in the system 400 may raise other issues. Each networked device will likely have a host controller interface (HCI) which is an interface between the software and hardware. The software can control the hardware via the HCI. If the IPSF 405 is located above the host control interface (HCI) of the device, all the exchanges need to pass via the HCI and be based on currently support of HCI commands, such as the power save modes. Locating the IPSF 405 above HCI is particularly likely for a Bluetooth architecture. However, the IPSF 405 also needs to be able to communicate with the intra-piconet scheduler 410, which would likely be located below the HCI. In this case, the IPSF will need to use HCI message protocol or modify the HCI protocol, but this may be a vendor specific message. As an alternative, the IPSF 405 may also be divided into one information exchange part above the HCI and one actual scheduling part below the HCI. In any case, the present invention provides functional flexibility to the location of the IPSF 405 so that existing link manager 415 and other system messaging protocols require less modification to accommodate inter-piconet communication scheduling systems. For further IPSF flexibility, a unique mode (e.g., the JUMP mode) may be introduced so as to distinctly identify a node to its neighbors as being a shared node involved with multiple ad-hoc networks, e.g., a JUMP node. The new mode, e.g., the JUMP mode, may distinguish a node active in several piconets from an active node with a single piconet presence. This unique mode may manage inter-network communications between a shared node or device and its neighbors located in different networks using, for example, (1) predetermined fixed starting point and length communication windows, (2) time points with flexible starting point and length communication windows, and/or (3) random starting time and length communication windows. The time point based inter-network scheduling approach may also have multiple methods available for managing the inter-network communications and the time point(s) may be a single point in time, a single time slot, a time interval or multiple time slots and in one variation include a meeting window (e.g., a group of time slots around the time point) around which communication may, or may not, occur. As previously explained, the Bluetooth communication system is based on a master-slave architecture in which intra-piconet communication traffic flows between a master and a slave using Time Division Duplex (TDD) frames. The slaves in a piconet are synchronized with the frame and frequency hoping sequence of the master. For a single piconet the task of providing a controlled bit rate and delay of the traffic to the slaves is managed by the master alone and should be handled with a scheduler located in the master unit (e.g., intra-piconet scheduler 410). One method for intra-piconet scheduling may be a modified exhaustive polling algorithm, denoted Batched Fair Exhaustive Polling (B-FEP), is presented in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/455,172 filed Dec. 6, 1999, hereby incorporate by reference. B-FEP is believed to give high BW efficiency with a fair allocation, while still being simplistic. However, this method does not address inter-piconet scheduling. Further, Bluetooth devices may have a number of modes to establish intra-piconet communications including a “standby” mode, a “connection” mode, an “active” mode, and a “power save” mode. A standby mode is entered when a Bluetooth device is not logically connected (via Bluetooth technology) to any other Bluetooth device, i.e., is not part of any piconet. This node is then considered an idle node. A connection mode is entered when a Bluetooth device establishes a logical existence in a piconet (as either a master or a slave). Once the logical connection is established, the node may enter one of the active or power save modes. An active mode is entered when a Bluetooth device is made available for a communication session with another Bluetooth device. A power save mode is entered when a Bluetooth device is operating in a connection mode but is not in an active mode for a given piconet, i.e., the node is not available for a communication session with a given piconet (although if the node is a PMP node it might be in a power save mode with respect to one piconet while communicating with another piconet). As an example, a slave in a piconet can be addressed (e.g., polled) at any start of a frame unless a power saving mode (e.g., any of the park, sniff, or hold modes) is invoked in the slave. Once addressed, the slave enters a communication session with its master in the active mode. The power save modes are typically used to reduce the use of energy by the Bluetooth transceiver for power conservation since many Bluetooth enabled devices are battery operated. Although some previous proposals have been made for using one or more of the power save modes as a means for scheduling inter-piconet communication session coordination, the power save modes intended purpose is for establishing and operating a Bluetooth device more efficiently during intra-piconet communications. As such, there are various inefficiencies that may occur as the result of using a power save mode for inter-piconet communication coordination. For instance, the sniff mode automatically invokes an increased correlation window for the radio since it is expected to “wake up” from a low power state where the clock run more inaccurately. This is in most cases not necessary if it is used in an PMP node since the unit has been running the clock at normal power at the duration of sniff period, but in another piconet. Moreover, the sniff and hold modes requires a control signaling that is unnecessarily heavy for the purpose of inter-piconet scheduling. With the current Bluetooth modes and specification, a master always knows when it can poll a slave, regardless of which mode the link to the slave is in when only intra-piconet communications are considered or a rigid inter-piconet scheduling method is used. If the slave does not respond, after a definite number of attempts, the master can safely assume that the link is erroneous and may take appropriate actions, such as disregarding or disconnecting the link. This is a key property of Bluetooth, as it simplifies the operation of a master. The default assumption for a link in ACTIVE mode is that the slave is always present on the link, i.e., a slave must always answer a poll from the master. This means that under this system construction a slave cannot participate in several piconets if having an active link in one piconet On the other hand, the present invention is particularly concerned with providing flexible inter-piconet communication, i.e., communication between nodes belonging to different piconets. Scheduling the presence of a Bluetooth unit in different piconets in order to enable a controlled inter-piconet traffic flow adds various aspects not comprehended or easily accommodated by the presently defined Bluetooth modes. Since a single transceiver unit is assumed, a Bluetooth unit shared with two or more piconets can only be active with one piconet at a time. If the shared Bluetooth unit is a master in one piconet, then the other Bluetooth units in that piconet cannot send or receive any information to the shared node during the time it is communicating with the other piconet. In short, in one aspect, the present invention addresses the problem of scheduling time periods where both nodes of a link have their transceiver tuned in to the same piconet, while minimizing losses due to timing mismatch. A timing mismatch occurs when two units in separate piconets each have idle capacity available, but are unable to use the idle capacity because there is no simultaneously available time window for mutual inter-piconet communication. While two units are scheduled for inter-piconet traffic (one master and one slave) the slave unit becomes part of the master's piconet and should also be scheduled by the intra-piconet scheduler. Thus, inter-piconet traffic scheduling also raises issues of intra-piconet traffic scheduling. Further, since data traffic typically experiences a certain level of burstiness in its traffic patterns, the inter-piconet scheduling function 405 should allow for a dynamic allocation of time among the various nodes connected to a node shared by two or more piconets. At the same time, the use of a single transceiver unit forces a rather strict timing of the master and slave entities in nodes belonging to different piconets. The respective nodes need to become active at the same time to utilize an available time window in their common piconet efficiently. Given these complexities and other related to communication scheduling in a scatternet, the present invention introduces a new mode, the “JUMP” mode, particularly directed to the requirements of inter-piconet communication scheduling and nodes shared by two or more piconets in a scatternet. Further, the JUMP mode introduced by the present invention for implementing the IPSF helps overcome any shortcomings, inefficiencies or concerns that might result from using the current Bluetooth modes. A particularly good reason to introduce the JUMP mode is to allow a more lose definition of the inter-piconet time multiplexing than allowed with other Bluetooth modes such as the power save modes. Thus, a specific mode such as the JUMP mode that defines the behavior of a shared inter-piconet node would give a cleaner and more consistent specification and also give more freedom to define several additional operations for efficient scatternet operation. Referring now to FIG. 5, an exemplary scatternet illustrating various nodes shared by two or more piconets is provided. The scatternet 500 has four piconets, P1 (505), P2 (510), P3 (515), and P4 (520). Piconet P1 (505) has four participants, master M1 (506) and three slaves S1 (507, 508, and 509). Piconet P2 (510) has a master M2 (509) and slave S2 (511). As indicated, node 509 is a PMP shared between piconets P1 (505) and P2 (510) and thus is designated a JUMP node J1 including both M2 and an S1. JUMP node J1 may thus operate in the JUMP mode and move in and out of P1 and P2 as needed. Piconet P3 (515) has a master M3 (512) and slaves S3 (511 and 513). As indicate, node 511 is a PMP shared between piconets P2 (510) and P3 (515) and thus is designated a JUMP node J2 including both an S2 and an S3. JUMP node J2 (511) may thus operate in the JUMP mode and move in and out of P2 and P3 as needed. Piconet P4 (520) has a master M4 (514) and slave S4 (508). As indicated, node 508 is shared between piconets P1 (505) and P4 (520) and thus is designated a JUMP node J3 (508) including both an S1 and an S4. JUMP node J3 (508) may thus operate in the JUMP mode and move in and out of P1 (505) and P4 (520) as needed. Note that although the JUMP nodes J1-J3 of FIG. 5 each are shared by only two piconets, a scatternet may include JUMP nodes shared by two or more piconets. As previously indicated, the JUMP mode and JUMP node designation for nodes J1 (509), J2 (511), and J3 (508) distinguishes a participant in multiple piconet node, active in several piconets, from a node only participating in a single piconet (e.g., S1 507 or M3 512). By letting PMP nodes such as J1 (509), J2 (511), and J3 (508) establish a JUMP mode, all neighboring nodes (e.g., M1 (506), M3 (512) and M4 (514)) should be aware that the PMP node might move in and out of the piconet. By introducing a specific mode for identifying a node shared with multiple piconets, e.g., the JUMP mode, more freedom is provided when designing an inter-piconet scheduling scheme than if one or more of the power save modes are used. Further, in addition to the JUMP mode, these PMP nodes may contain the full complement of typical Bluetooth modes unencumbered by the additional IPSF aspects. A specific mode, like JUMP mode, that defines the behavior of a PMP node as a JUMP node may give a cleaner and more efficient scatternet operation. Further, in one variation of the invention, the JUMP mode may be configured to have similar features to the power save mode for avoiding void polls and extending correlation windows. Using the typical Bluetooth modes and specification, if a slave does not respond within a certain number of polls a link a failure may be assumed and the link torn down. However, the JUMP mode may include a feature that helps the master maintain the link in spite of missed polls. For example, if the JUMP node is a slave and its neighboring node is a master (e.g., J3 (508) and M1 (506)), then the master node (M1) will know that the slave (J3) may miss a poll and will not necessarily disconnect its link. In one variation, the master may have a counter which will only disconnect a link with a JUMP node when a certain number of missed polls have been reached. The threshold for the JUMP node would typically be higher then that of a typical slave. Moreover, if a slave node does not resynchronize with its master frequently enough the clock drifts between the two devices may cause the slave's correlation window to miss the transmission (TX) slot from the master. A correlation window is included in the radio layer to find the frame limits of the packets that belongs to a particular piconet. A correlator is invoked in the receiver that searches for the access code bit pattern “in the air” for that piconet. Normally the clock is relatively accurate so the guess where the frame limits are (where the packet is sent) is good, thus only a short window of, for example, 10 microseconds are necessary. However, if the node has been sleeping for a while the clock may have drifted off so that the guess ends up outside the 10 us window. In this case, the JUMP node may miss the TX slot due to error in synchronization of the correlation window which may also cause the master to disconnect the slave. To address this issue, a JUMP node that is operating as a slave may open up its correlation window large enough to counter for any clock drift of a master that might have occurred since the last communication with the master, so as to find its master's slot boundaries and re-synchronize by, for example, finding a packet with the access code somewhere. Note that it may listen to any packets sent from any master or slave in the piconet to synchronize its clock offset to the piconet again (actually to the master's clock). Managing inter-piconet communication is the main focus of the JUMP mode. And since the JUMP mode is a new mode there is more freedom to define how it may work. Therefore, as explained herein, the JUMP mode may include a number of general methods or approaches and sub-methods for managing and coordinating inter-piconet communication scheduling. The JUMP mode may have one or more general approaches to managing inter-network communications between a shared node or device and its neighbors located in different networks. For example, the JUMP mode may use: (1) predetermined fixed starting point and length communication windows, (2) time points with flexible starting point and length communication windows, and/or (3) random starting time and length communication windows, for coordinating various communications with different piconets. The time point based inter-network scheduling approach is particularly flexible and may have multiple sub-methods available for managing the inter-network communications. The time point(s) may be a single point in time, a single time slot, and/or a time interval and may have an associated meeting window (e.g., multiple time slots) around which communication may, or may not, occur. First, the three exemplary general approaches for performing IPSF using the JUMP mode will be explained. Next, the time point approach will be explained in more detail with various sub-methods of time point allocation. A simplified scatternet will be used to help explain these different approaches. Referring now to FIG. 6, another exemplary scatternet 600 is provided. A first node 605, node A, is coupled to a second node 610, node B. The second node 610 is coupled to a third node 615, node C. And the third node 615 is coupled to a fourth node 620, node D. These four nodes may be coupled in one of any number of piconet master-slave configurations sufficient to form an operable scatternet. For example, the scatternet 600 may include two piconets; a first piconet having nodes A and B, and a second piconet having nodes B, C and D. For purposes of explaining various exemplary approaches to the IPSF and JUMP mode of the present invention, we will assume the scatternet 600 is formed by three piconets. In this case, the first piconet includes node A (605) as a master and node B (610) as a slave. The second piconet includes node B (615) as a slave and node C (615) as a master. The third piconet includes node C (615) as a slave and node D (620) as a master. It is to be understood that scatternet 600 is simplified and that the following exemplary approaches to inter-piconet scheduling and JUMP mode configuration and operation is equally applicable to any size scatternet with any number of additional nodes. Although not shown, each of nodes A-D could be coupled to any number of additional nodes in a much larger scatternet. Referring now to FIGS. 7A-7C, three exemplary approaches to coordinating inter-piconet communications will be described. One general approach to inter-piconet communication coordination illustrated in FIG. 7A will be referred to herein as the “windows” approach. With the window approach a JUMP node may agree on a strict timing communication window with a defined start time 705, window size 706, and period 707 (i.e., a period for recurring communication session window, for example, every 50 milliseconds). The values for the start time 705, window size 706, and period 707 may be part of the information exchanged on a per window basis or be periodically updated to adjust for system variations such as changes in the communication traffic between the various piconets sharing a JUMP node. Although the start time, communication session window size, and period for a recurring communication window may be strictly predefined so as to properly schedule time for each of the piconets in a scatternet, the JUMP mode may add flexibility. For example, when the window method is used with the JUMP mode a temporary occurrence of bursty data communication may be accommodated by the JUMP node maintaining a communication session with a first piconet beyond the end of its preplanned communication session window time frame as illustrated by the cross-hatched portion 708 of the communication session window 704 of the C-D nodes communication. As indicated, this extension may even go into or through the scheduled communication time for a second piconet, e.g., the B-C piconet (nodes B and C), without causing a link disconnect with the second piconet. If so, the C node 615 may continue to communicate with the D node 620 and not poll slave node B 610 until a subsequent pre-scheduled poll time. On the other hand, if using the scheduled communication timing provided in FIG. 7A, the communication session window 709 between node B 610 and node C 615 was extended into the scheduled communication session 710 between node A 605 and node B 610, then node B 610 would not respond to node C 615 when polled. Further, node C 615 would not poll node D at the scheduled time. When the window approach is used with the JUMP mode a relatively lightweight protocol may be used to develop an agreed upon communication session window coordination. Another general approach to inter-piconet communication coordination is referred to herein as the “time point” approach. Referring to FIG. 7B, an exemplary timing diagram for the time point approach is provided. The time point approach provides for a more loose and flexible communication session coordination between the nodes of respective piconets by defining a single point in time, time slot, or time interval (T) where communication may start, without defining the exact length of the communication window. The data exchange of data for the time point approach is coordinated by means of the time points, Ti for piconet I, and meeting windows to reduce the complexity of scheduling. The time point is a point or interval of time in which a communication session may be initiated between the JUMP node and one of its neighbor nodes. For example, the time point may be a point in time like TB 750 or a time interval like interval 725 as illustrated in FIG. 7B. Although not clearly illustrated, the time point may also be a predefined system period of time, such as a slot in Bluetooth. The time point may be periodically repeated or timing for the next scheduled time point may be updated during information exchange between the JUMP node and one of its neighbor nodes of one or more communication session (e.g., communication session 735). The major advantage of using the time point approach is that there is no strict communication window to negotiate or schedule. Rather, there is a shorter length of time that needs to be negotiated, e.g., a single point in time (e.g., TB 750), a slot (not shown), or predefined time interval (e.g., time interval 720) typically shorter then an actual communication window. The actual communication session window length, for example communication session window 735, is not negotiated but is flexible and may be based on various factors such the number of piconets connected to a JUMP node, communication traffic through the JUMP node, etc. Without the strict and longer communication session windows to negotiate, it is easier to agree on a time to initiate a communication session. However, without allocation of the strictly defined communication session windows the capacity between nodes will be less controlled and less certain for any particular point in time. This uncertainty is offset by the time point approach's flexibility and ability to accommodate temporary bursty communication requirements by allowing time points for one piconet to be skipped to accommodate bursty traffic for another piconet The slots or time intervals adjacent to T may form a meeting window wherein the two neighboring nodes, at least one being a JUMP node, have an agreed probability of being present. For example, meeting windows 720-731 could have a time point T centrally located and probability distribution on either side as illustrated in FIG. 7B. This could for instance be an increasing double sided probability function with a peak in T. Off course, T need not be centrally located but may be to the left or right side of the meeting window. Moreover, as previously indicated a JUMP node using the JUMP mode may extend its communication session window length or data exchange in one piconet into, or beyond, the meeting window for another piconet to accommodate bursty traffic. For example, the communication session window 737 and 739 that occurs between node B 610 and node C 615 starts in meeting windows 723 and 727 and extends beyond meeting windows 721 and 724 scheduled between node A 605 and node B 610 and into meeting windows 728 and 731. In this case, the communication session between node A 605 and node B 610 scheduled to begin at meeting windows 721 and 724 will be skipped. However, the next scheduled meeting window between node A 605 and node B 610 will likely result in a communication session that starts during the next time point T meeting window. Of course, another lengthy communication session window between node B 610 and node C 615 may occur in the next scheduled meeting window between nodes A and B, and thus the next possible communication session between node A 605 and node B 610 could also be skipped. To prevent one particular piconet from consistently missing consistent successive communication session windows, it is possible that a consistently wider meeting window could be allocated (may be related to some probability as well) each successive time the meeting window is skipped. Similarly, an increased level of priority could be given to a piconet that has been skipped in one or more communication session cycles. For example, after say n missed timepoints, the two nodes may be forced to be available during the next timepoint, e.g., the probability of a meeting is set to one. This approach allows for taking care of temporary bursts of communications between the various piconets sharing a JUMP node, without renegotiate communication windows or meeting windows. Further, a JUMP node may start earlier in a scheduled meeting window when it needs to accommodate a longer communication with one piconet and there are no active communication sessions with any other piconet to which it belongs. This too may allow a JUMP node to get greater information efficiency without renegotiating meeting windows or communication sessions windows. For example, node C 615 is able to begin communication with node B 610 before TB early in meeting window 727 for communication session 739 since communication session window 741 with node D 620 is completed. Thus, by using the time point approach with the JUMP mode, there are more easily scheduled meeting times, more flexible communication session window lengths, and the ability to skip scheduled communication sessions completely without necessarily having renegotiating messages between the affected nodes. The nodes using the time point approach would exchange co-ordination information that may include the periods between successive time points T or time point distribution. As discussed further below, a number of variations in approach to the time point distribution are possible. For example, in one variation it may not be necessary to have the same period length for all the piconets of a JUMP node since Ts may be allowed to be passed over without entering an active communication session. If the periodicity is relaxed even a random pattern may be used for time point distribution. A more detailed discussion of some exemplary time point distribution schemes will be discussed a little later. However, rather than using the time point method, a random approach may be used for IPSF and the JUMP mode. As illustrated in FIG. 7C, rather then establish a communication window or a time point, the IPSF may use a random approach to establish communication sessions in the JUMP mode. In this case, no coordination needs to be carried out at all. The JUMP nodes may communicate totally random and stay in a piconet until a break in the communication occurs (e.g., number of packets available to send have been sent) or a timeout expires. For example, as for communications between node A 605 and node B 610, node A 605 may start looking for communications with node B 610 (e.g., polling node B) at time t1. However, node B 610 may be looking to establish a communication session with node A at random times and thus might not be looking to communicate with node A 605 until some time later, time t2. If at time t2 node A is still looking to establish a communication session with node B 610, then one will occur. As such, in the example provided in FIG. 7C a communication session occurs during the communication session window 762 and there is a missed data exchange 761 that occurs while node A 605 waits for node B 610 to participate in meeting window 760. When the communication session 762 between node A 605 and node B 610 is completed (e.g., when all the information available at the time has been exchanged) then each node is free to actively seek another communication session with another node or piconet. Operating in this random manner, there will be a number of missed communication data exchange opportunities 761, 764, 766, 768, 773 that may occur and may be a number of times when there is no overlap between the meeting windows for some period of time even though data needs to be communicated. However, the master nodes will not disconnect the JUMP nodes unless the master nodes have an indication that there is a problem, because the master nodes know the identity of the various nodes as JUMP nodes in JUMP mode will likely return to communication in a reasonable amount of time. For example, in one variation master nodes may disconnect the JUMP nodes if they do not respond for a predetermined relatively long period of time. Further, the random approach may include a learning algorithm which adjusts the periodicity of meeting windows and length of meeting windows based on experience with its various piconets. In one variation, if one piconet hasn't been visited for predefined time, say 200 ms, the jump node stays in that piconet there until it finds a node in that piconet to communicate with. Should set an upper limit may be set on the time a jump node revisits (and communicates with) a piconet. In various embodiments of the invention, the intra-piconet scheduling and the inter-piconet scheduling may be independent of one another or inter-dependent on one another. For example, one way of coordinating inter-piconet scheduling with intra-piconet scheduling is to let the intra-piconet scheduler know if and when a node is present in the piconet. This information can be used by the intra-piconet scheduler to poll, or not poll, a JUMP node depending on its presence. However, the JUMP node may change its behavior based on what the intra-piconet scheduler does. For example, the JUMP node may stay longer in a piconet if another member of that piconet indicates that it has a lot of packets to send to the JUMP node and/or it may skip a scheduled piconet communication with a piconet that had indicated during the last time they communicated that it has less information to send. Although the window, time point, and random approaches have been discussed separately, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that they may be used individually or in any combination (for a single node or different nodes). For example, the IPSF and JUMP mode may start with the random approach and revert to either the time point or window approach if the efficiency does not meet a desired level. In one variation, the approach could be to switch from one type of approach to another based on the amount of traffic experienced. In another variation, one JUMP node might be using the window approach while another JUMP node is using the random approach and yet another JUMP node in the scatternet is using the time point approach. The following discussion will focus on various alternatives and details regarding using the time point approach for IPSF and the JUMP mode. Five general areas related to the time point approach which are particularly important and will be described in detail includes: (1) the distribution of time points for a JUMP node; (2) information exchange for JUMP mode set-up and for adding/removing nodes; (3) indication when a data exchange shall exceed pass another time point; (4) resource control for fairness best effort and guaranteed traffic; and (5) traffic adaptivity resulting in moved time points. Further, five exemplary methods or approaches for the distribution of time points will be described. As described above, the time point approach includes agreement as to the start time, T, of an inter-piconet communication session that may be between, for example, a JUMP node and an active node or between two JUMP nodes. The time point T may be associated with a meeting window in which there is a large likelihood that the two nodes will be able to communicate. However, there are various ways in which the time points may be distributed in time so as to make an efficient IPSF and JUMP mode. In any case, the distribution of the Time points should be such that the intervals between time points generally reflects the average capacity fraction required in each piconet. A simple assumption could be to give an equal share to all the piconets coupled to a JUMP node; if there are three piconets present, simply give ⅓ of the capacity to each of the piconets. An alternative way is to let the capacity the JUMP node should get in each piconet, if they where fully utilized, reflect the allocation of time in each piconet. In any case, a number of exemplary approaches to time point distribution are provided below. A first approach is illustrated in FIG. 8A. In this approach, an overall interval TX 801 and distribute the time points Ti in the different piconets within this interval TX 801. In this exemplary case, piconet connections B-C 804, B-A 805, through B-n 806 are initially the only piconet connection with node B 610 and are each allocated a time point within the overall time interval TX 801 that occurs in a communication cycle. If node B 610 would start participating in a new piconet the IPSF and JUMP mode would need to have a time point associated with this piconet inserted in this fixed interval TX of subsequent communication cycle periods. However, the interval between two consecutive time points of the same piconet, e.g., TBC1 (802) and TBC2 (803) of piconet A-B, would remain the same. In this manner, the communication cycle time and time between time points for the same piconets would be fixed from one communication cycle to the next regardless of the addition or deletion of another piconet. Only the individual communication session length would vary. Although, the overall time interval TX is a fixed interval, it can be renegotiated from time to time. Of course, if many piconets where connected to the same JUMP node then the overall time interval TX length could be set at a long time to provide reasonable communication session window lengths for all piconets. Similarly, if only a few piconets where coupled to a JUMP node, the overall time interval TX length could be set to a shorter time to not have extensive communication session window lengths for each of the piconets. A second approach to time point distribution is illustrated in FIG. 8B. In this exemplary approach, distributing the time points may be arranged so as to keep the time interval constant between time points of different piconets. For example, the length of time from time point TBC1 812 and TBA1 813 (i.e., time interval TB-C 810) would remain the same regardless of the addition or subtraction of one or more piconets to JUMP node B 610. In this case, a newly added piconet would mean an increase of the time between successive time points of the same piconet, e.g., TBC1 to TBC2, since the new piconet is appended to the end of a communication cycle period TX 809 schedule. Similarly, the elimination of one or more piconets would result in a reduction in the time between successive time points of the same piconet. A third approach to time point distribution is illustrated in FIG. 8C. Using this approach the time points may be distributed in a manner that allows for different communication cycle periods on different links coupled to the same JUMP node. For example, the overall communication cycle period interval TX1 820 for JUMP node B 610 may be longer than the overall communication cycle period interval TX2 825 for JUMP node C 615, even though they must coordinate communication session between one another. In this case, TX1 820=c�TX2 825, where c is a constant This may introduce a risk for “collisions” between time points belonging to different piconets, but if a collision occurs the JUMP mode allows for the time point to be passed without disconnecting the link. If the collisions become excessive to the point of decreased efficiency, the constant c could be revised and the collisions thereby reduced. The occurrence of collisions depends also on the phase between the timepoints. If c is an integer there will be collisions every c�Tx2 slots if the time points have the same phase. However, if the time points are shifted a number of slots from one another they will always miss and never collide. One advantage of the varied communication cycle periods on different links approach to time point distribution is that it may prove to be more efficient and flexible to have a mix of different delay constraints within the scatternet. A fourth approach to time point distribution is illustrated in FIG. 8D. This approach spreading out the time points is to let the time interval between the time points be a random communication cycle time period. For example, a first communication cycle for JUMP node B 610 may have a relatively short period of time, TX1 830, during a first cycle time. Next, the second communication cycle for JUMP node B 610 may have a relatively long period of time, TX2 831. However, this approach may require that each of the nodes interrelated with the schedule of a JUMP node knows the random period. In one embodiment, each interrelated node may be provided with a common pseudo random sequence, e.g., similar to the frequency hopping sequence selection algorithm used by the piconet nodes for the FHSS. In one variation, the location of the various time points may be spread out randomly with a certain mean period. As with the previous way of distributing the time points, collisions of time points might occur. Although in this case, the potential collisions would in general be naturally resolved over time since the next time point is randomly picked. To minimize the risk of such collisions, the nodes might generate orthogonal random sequences. The probability for collision also depends on the mean period between time points and the number of piconets. In one variation, the various piconets of the scatternet may use different periods, since they are randomly relocated each time anyway. This approach may give better flexibility by providing a mix of different delay constraints within the scatternet. A fifth approach to time point distribution is illustrated in FIG. 8E. In this case there is no fixed or predetermined period for the communication cycles. Rather, the occurrence of the next time point for a pair of nodes is negotiated, determined, and updated during each communication session between the respective nodes. For example, time point TBC2 852 may be determined and set during the earlier communication session including time point TBC1 850 between node B 610 and node C 615. The agreed upon time may be completely independent of any particular communication cycle period TX 851 or TX 853 or length. The length of a communication cycle time period TX then is merely the result of cumulative time point coordination and agreement between the various nodes inter-communicating with a JUMP node. It is clear from the five methods for time point distribution suggested above that many variations for time point distribution are possible. Further, a scatternet may use a combination of time point distributions for the same nodes or an assortment of approaches for the various nodes so as to produce the most efficient method for coordinating communications between its various piconets. The information exchange between the various nodes involve in inter-piconet communication using the JUMP mode and the time point approach will in general be more lightweight than if a more precise window needs to be allocated and maintained. Basically the period of the time point and the time to the first time point may need to be exchanged in case periodic time points are used. Using a time point approach in which time points may also be renegotiated or randomly picked on a per exchange event basis will likely generate more overhead. Although, the random location approach described above would likely require a minimum of exchange since it may operate efficiently by exchanging only, for example, the start value of the random sequence generation. This would be similar to how the address is used to generate the hopping sequence in a piconet. In some variations of the invention, the decision to exceed data exchange beyond a time point may also need to be coordinated between the nodes that are sending data. However, this could be a piece of information that is sent in-band or a specific control packet. This raises the issue of how to manage the situation when a time point of another piconet is exceeded by the earlier communication session window of a first piconet. Ideally a method should be devised to ensure that each piconet is fairly serviced by a JUMP node if there is data to be exchanged. One approach may be to provide a simple counter that may be incremented if a time point of a piconet is exceeded so as to indicate that that piconet has not received service for what ever number of communication cycles. The counter value may then be used to give higher priority for service the piconet having a higher counter value during the following occurrence of a time points for that piconet or the following communication cycle. In order to control the overall fairness, measurements or comparisons (e.g., counter value, time laps, amount of data awaiting transfer, etc.) may be used to decide if a time point may be passed or not. Depending on the current activity levels in the piconets where a JUMP node is involved, the capacity fraction for the piconets may be updated. This means that the time points may be moved to reflect a new capacity distribution. The calculations to determine these changes may be based on measurements of both traffic load and buffer occupancy levels of the piconets the JUMP node is involved in surrounding the time points. As previously shown in FIG. 7B, the data exchange may be allowed to exceed beyond a time point for another piconet. This provides a high degree of traffic adaptivity to the time point approach. As can be seen from the previous discussion, the present invention introduces a number of benefits for scatternet communication scheduling that may be used individually or in combination. The introduction of a new mode, JUMP mode, that defines the behavior of a PMP node may provide the IPSF a clean and consistent specification and enable new features for providing efficient scatternet operation. In variations using time points, it is easy for two nodes to agree on a time to initiate communication because the time point is typically shorter then a communication session. By allowing flexibility in the beginning and ending of a communication session, including allowing a data exchange to exceed beyond the time point established a communication session related to a different piconet, it is possible to handle temporary bursts of data without revising the inter-piconet schedule. Further, little or no information needs to be exchanged between a PMP and its directly connected nodes to enable those nodes to determine the absolute timing of the PMPs time points. Finally, by moving the time points it is possible to dynamically adapt to varying traffic demands in different piconets. Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to the preferred embodiments disclosed herein and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. For example, another approach to providing flexible inter-piconet scheduling for IPSF and/or the JUMP mode may be to adjust the communication session and/or meeting window length based on probabilities derived from a history of traffic patterns so as to allocate communication time and frequency based on need. In this case, the system could monitor the traffic of data between the various piconets and set up or calculate an historical probability that a given piconet will need or try to communicate with a shared node (i.e. a jump node). In one variation, a maximum amount of communication time may be set for a given piconet. In another variation, a maximum amount of data may be set and monitored so that the maximum amount of data is reached the node switches to another piconet. Finally, although the present invention has been describe as being introduced with a new specific mode, the JUMP mode, one skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be implemented as a sub-mode of one of the presently available operating modes of Bluetooth, e.g., as a sub-mode of one of the power save modes. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7272132 *Nov 25, 2002Sep 18, 2007Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Wireless communication apparatus and method capable of adjusting beacon periodUS7444121 *Oct 17, 2003Oct 28, 2008Alerecn, Inc,Methods and apparatuses for reducing interference using frequency division multiple accessUS7519371Feb 9, 2004Apr 14, 2009Qualcomm IncorporatedMulti-hop communications in a wireless networkUS7522933 *Nov 21, 2002Apr 21, 2009Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Bluetooth system capable of communicating on scatternet and communicating method thereofUS7660578 *Apr 8, 2004Feb 9, 2010Nokia CorporationMethod for saving power in a wireless terminal and a terminalUS7764929Oct 2, 2008Jul 27, 2010Alereon, Inc.Methods and apparatuses for reducing interference using frequency division multiple accessUS7904023Feb 2, 2009Mar 8, 2011Nokia CorporationMethod for saving power in a wireless terminal and a terminalUS7907892 *Jan 5, 2007Mar 15, 2011At&T Intellectual Property I, LpTransparent commodity trading networks and methods of facilitating transactions among buyers and sellers of products and servicesUS7944865Feb 9, 2007May 17, 2011Daita Frontier Fund, LlcWireless LAN system and control method and control program of wireless LAN systemUS7969918 *Apr 27, 2001Jun 28, 2011Daita Frontier Fund, LlcSlave communication device for use in wireless LAN system and control method and control program of slave communication deviceUS7978710 *Mar 26, 2004Jul 12, 2011Qualcomm IncorporatedSynchronous inter-piconet routingUS8018885 *Feb 4, 2008Sep 13, 2011Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AbCode keying in a power savings modeUS8019351 *Mar 10, 2009Sep 13, 2011Qualcomm, IncorporatedMulti-hop communications in a wireless networkUS8036207 *Jun 2, 2005Oct 11, 2011Intellectual Ventures I LlcAdaptive routingUS8055213 *Nov 6, 2006Nov 8, 2011Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method for dynamic frequency selection and system supporting the same in a cognitive radio wireless communication systemUS8457097 *Apr 30, 2010Jun 4, 2013Broadcom CorporationCommunicating with two nodes with overlapping framesUS8532565 *Feb 8, 2011Sep 10, 2013At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.Transparent commodity trading networks and methods of facilitating transactions among buyers and sellers of products and servicesUS8744355 *Aug 14, 2011Jun 3, 2014Mediatek Inc.Communication method, and bluetooth device utilizing the communication methodUS8855016 *Mar 24, 2010Oct 7, 2014The Boeing CompanyMethod for maintaining links in a mobile ad hoc networkUS8913511 *Mar 31, 2011Dec 16, 2014Qualcomm IncorporatedInterference management to support peer-to-peer communication in a wide area networkUS8923324 *Aug 20, 2004Dec 30, 2014Koninklijke Philips N.V.Method for operating a wireless networkUS20070019672 *Aug 20, 2004Jan 25, 2007Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.Method for operating a wireless networkUS20100246445 *Mar 24, 2010Sep 30, 2010The Boeing CompanyMethod for Maintaining Links in a Mobile Ad Hoc NetworkUS20110131110 *Feb 8, 2011Jun 2, 2011Jonathan ReevesTransparent Commodity Trading Networks and Methods of Facilitating Transactions Among Buyers and Sellers of Products and ServicesUS20110243010 *Mar 31, 2011Oct 6, 2011Qualcomm IncorporatedInterference management to support peer-to-peer communication in a wide area networkUS20110268020 *Apr 30, 2010Nov 3, 2011Broadcom CorporationCommunicating with two nodes with overlapping framesUS20120223888 *Apr 14, 2011Sep 6, 2012Primax Electronics Ltd.Information transmission systemUS20130040575 *Aug 14, 2011Feb 14, 2013Juei-Ting SunCommunication method, and bluetooth device utilizing the communication methodUS20140268209 *Mar 13, 2014Sep 18, 2014Canon Kabushiki KaishaInformation processing apparatus, information processing terminal, and method of controlling the same* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification455/41.2International ClassificationH04B7/00, H04L12/28, H04L12/24, H04L12/56Cooperative ClassificationH04W92/02, H04W72/1257, H04L41/00, H04L12/24, H04W84/18European ClassificationH04L41/00, H04W92/02, H04L12/24Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 11, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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Discover Detective Private Limited Delhi
New Bharat Security & Detective Ser... by IndiaMART InterME... 2074 views
1. We are engaged in offering consistent Detective and Investigation Services toindividuals as well as corporate organizations. Our private investigation servicesare aimed at solving the individual problems.
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7. - Company Factsheet -Year of Establishment 1996Nature of Business Supplier Service ProviderTotal Number of 101 to 500 PeopleEmployeesMajor Markets Indian SubcontinentPrimary Competitive Experienced R & D DepartmentAdvantage Large Product Line Large Production Capacity
8. - Contact Us - Contact Details:Discover Detective Private LimitedMr. Sanjeev KaushikNo. B - 31, 2nd Floor, Pocket - 11, Jasola ViharDelhi, Delhi, IndiaWebsite: www.discoverdetective.net

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Most superzoom compact cameras have between 30x and 60x optical zoom, although some have even further zoom, most notably the Nikon P900, which has 83x optical zoom, and weigh less than 300 grams, much less than bridge cameras and DSLRs. Most of these compact cameras use small 1/2.3" sensors, but since 2008 a few non-interchangeable compact cameras use larger sensor such as 1" and even APS-C, such as the Fujifilm X100 series, or full frame format such as the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX1R series.[2] They prioritize intelligent Auto, but some high end P&S cameras have PSAM mode dial, Raw image format, and hot shoe. None have lens threads.[3]
Point-and-shoot cameras are distinguished from single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs) in several respects: point-and-shoot film cameras, and many digital ones, use a viewfinder. The image that the photographer sees is not the same image that passes through the primary lens of the camera (that is, the lens that projects the image onto the film or, in the case of digital cameras, the image sensor). Rather, the image in the viewfinder passes through a separate lens.[4] SLRs, on the other hand, have only one lens, and a mirror diverts the image from the lens into the viewfinder; that mirror then retracts when the picture is taken so that the image can be recorded on the film or sensor. With this mechanism, pictures cannot be previewed on the LCD screens of most digital SLRs, although some manufacturers have found a way around this limitation. Digital cameras eliminate one advantage of the SLR design, as the camera's display image comes through the lens, not a separate viewfinder. Many smaller digital point-and-shoots of the 2010s omit the optical viewfinder.
The size limitations of compact and ultra-compact cameras, including digital ones, encourage the occurrence of photographic orbs — unexpected, typically circular artifacts that occur in flash photographs — where the short distance between the lens and the built-in flash decreases the angle of light reflection to the lens, directly illuminating the aspect of the normally sub-visible particles facing the lens and increasing the camera's ability to capture the light reflected off the particles.[5]
According to the NPD Group, up to end of November 2011 point-and-shoot cameras took 44 percent of photos, down from 52 percent in 2010, while camera-equipped smartphones took 27 percent of photos in 2011, up from 17 percent. Unit total sales of all types of point-and-shoot cameras declined by 17 percent year on year, but increased by 16 percent for cameras having optical zoom greater than 10x.[7] At the end of 2012, more than one brand have released point-and-shoot cameras with 24x optical superzoom[8] as compensation of sales decline and at the end of 2013 there were 30x optical point-and-shoot cameras.
P&S camera sales dropped by about 40 percent in year 2013 particularly inexpensive cameras, so Fujifilm and Olympus have stopped development of low-end P&S cameras and focused to develop mid and high-end cameras with more added value.[9]
Shipment dropped to 12 million units in 2016, only one-tenth of the peak reached in 2008, the year before Apple's iPhone debuted.[10]
^ Jason Schneider. "Game-Changing, Large-Sensor Point-and-Shoot Cameras". Retrieved November 7, 2016. ^ Cliff Smith. "Sony Cyber-shot HX50 review". Retrieved March 1, 2015. ^ http://www.wujimedia.com/2009/11/point-and-shoot-v-dslr-cameras-part-i/
^ "The Truth Behind 'Orbs'". ^ Joshua Goldman. "Compact megazooms compared (roundup)". Retrieved April 29, 2014. ^ "Smartphones killing point-and-shoots, now take almost 1/3 of photos". December 22, 2011. ^ "Top 10 Best Pocket Zoom Digital Cameras". November 26, 2012. ^ Reiji Yoshida (Dec 30, 2013). "Mirrorless cameras offer glimmer of hope to makers". Retrieved December 31, 2013. ^ "Ricoh may close shutter on personal camera business". Nikkei Asian Reivew. 12 Apr 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017. ^ Martin Bailey. "What is a compact system camera?". Retrieved February 27, 2014. Wikimedia Commons has media related to compact cameras.
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9News Now at Noon : WUSA : September 20, 2010 12:00pm-12:30pm EDT : Free Streaming : Internet Archive
hello, i'm jc hayward. thanks for being with us. iran's president, mahmoud ahmadinejad is in new york for the annual general is assembly being held at the united nations. this comes as two americans are held in jail in iran. their mothers are asking for a face-to-face meeting with the iranian president. 12:01 pm ×
>> reporter: he was smiling for the meeting in new york, but the mothers of two hikers still in prison in iran would like their turn for a meeting. >> we are mothers. we are not politicians. and we are just very, very eager, clearly to have our children returned to us. >> the family members spoke at a news conference with sara shourd, who just returned after a year in custody in iran. shourd said until the two other hikers are leigh -- released, she does not feel relieved. >> this is not the time to celebrate. my disappointment in not sharing this with shane and josh is crushing and i stand before you today only one-third free. >> reporter: a ahmadinej ad is attending conferences until the general assembly opens later in week but having him in town gives protestors a chance to send their messages on nuclear weapons and human rights. activists gathered to protest the iran defiance in building a 12:02 pm ×
nuclear arsenal and the abuse of human rights. but in interviews in new york, ahmadinejad pointed to his release of the hiker as a humanitarian gesture, hinting that the u.s. should release eight iranians he claims are being illegally retained. >> the u.s. government should make a humanitarian gesture. >> reporter: a ahmadinej ad said his country is seeking peace but that, quote, the future belongs to iran. randall pinkston, cbs news, the united nations. we have breaking news from flint, michigan where prosecutors filed additional charges against elias abuelazam. prosecutors in flint, michigan, charged him with four additional attempted murder charges and one more murder charge in michigan. that's four charges. and he is also charged with a string of attacks in ohio. 12:03 pm ×
another university of maryland student was attacked over the weekend. this happened yesterday morning in the college park shopping center parking lot. police say the victim was intoxicated when three men attacked him. students are hoping that by traveling in groups and knowing when they have had enough to drink will lessen their chance of becoming a victim. >> you always want to walk with people and that's the main thing. so don't be too intoxicated otherwise people point you out. >> a silver spring man was charged with attacks. police are looking for three suspects in yesterday's attack. the u.s. supreme court is the only chance a virginia woman has to avoid execution this week. theresa lewis was denied clemency. the 41-year-old mother and grandmother is the only woman on virginia's death row. she is also set to be the first woman executed in the state in 12:04 pm ×
nearly a century. lewis was convicted of conspiring with two men to carry out the 2002 murders of her husband and stepson. right now her execution is scheduled for thursday. ever since the d.c. council chairman vincent gray won last week's mayoral primary, the question on many people's mind is whether or not school chancellor michelle rhee will be staying. kristin fisher reports that we could have an answer sometime this week. >> reporter: well michelle rhee will return from vacation this week and when she does, she'll meet with vince gray about her future or lack there of as d.c. school chancellor. now her school reform was a major issue throughout the battle. supporters of michelle rhee and fenty credited them for making tough decisions to improve d.c. schools but opponents have accused her of alienating teachers and parents and 12:05 pm ×
critical of her firing 200 d.c. teachers for underperformance. michelle rhee said she didn't think she could work with gray. she called it devastating for d.c. students. as for gray, he hasn't said what to do with michelle rhee except that he will sit down with her at some point and that some point will likely be this wednesday. but whether or not any decisions will come from that meeting remain to be seen. here is what gray had to say during a press conference last wednesday. >> we're not going to make any personnel decisions until after the general election but i think it's important to begin the conversations now, as i promised that i would do. >> reporter: now already possible new names are being tossed around. they include two who had already been d.c. school chancellor and two of michelle rhee's current deputies are believed to be in the running. kristin fisher, 9 news now. the family of a man shot last week by capital police said he wanted to die by the 12:06 pm ×
hands of officers. 29-year-old john wesley wheeler was shot friday morning after he pointed a gun at officers. he survived shots to his stomach, thigh, and a bullet who grazed his head. her mother who did not want her face on camera said her son was depressed after losing his job last year. she claims he had no intention of hurting anyone but because of his religious upbringing he could not take his own life. >> wesley has been taught that if you take your own life, you go to hell. but if you get someone else to do it, even though it's a warped rationalization, that was how he was rationalizing it. >> wheeler also had a run-in with metropolitan police last month for waving a gun in public. he remains in stable condition. police have charged wheeler with assault with intent to 12:07 pm ×
kill. the doctor shot at the hospital last month is recovering. dr. david cohen is listed in fair and stable condition. he was shot thursday morning by 50-year-old paul warren partis. after shooting the doctor, partis shot and killed his mother who was a patient, and then himself. the bp well is finally capped and sealed. however, see how the effects of the spill could last for years to come. plus, the effects of hurricane igor could affect our shores. we'll tell you what happened when it struck bermuda. 12:08 pm ×
well the broken well is now capped, problems however remain if coastal areas of louisiana. mia rodriguez shows us the problems that some are still facing. >> reporter: the final kill may have permanently plugged the broken well in the gulf, but in plaquemines parish, the finality is hard to swallow. >> we sleep with one eye open wondering if we're going to have another leak. so that is great news, that we know since the well has been stopped, now every day we are making progress. but i'm going to tell you, we have to be on our toes. >> reporter: lately what is keeping the parish on its collective toes are these -- fish kill. four major ones in the last two weeks. >> millions of fish, absolutely 12:10 pm ×
millions. >> reporter: tj is the parish coastal zone management director, documenting the fish kill, including this one on sunday. >> we're used to seeing fish kills at this time of year but not in this number, the mass number of fish that are dying and not in the frequency occurring right now. >> reporter: the state department of wildlife and fish kills said it is due to low oxygen and not the oil spill. but on sunday representatives of the district attorney's office in plaquemines came out to one of the fish kill areas. they collected samples which could end up being used in a civil penalties case related to the oil spill. >> we're just building our case. we're coming to take samples of the fish and to scrape the fish and see if there is oil on the fish. >> reporter: beyond the uncertainty of the fish kill is the certainty that no new oil will flow into the gulf. now that the relief well is finished and sealed. but the final kill brings little comfort to people in 12:11 pm ×
places still getting hit by oil. here in bay jimmy oil is spill coming to shore, even though it was capped in july. >> we're losing the march. >> reporter: plaquemin es parish collected 37,000 gallons of oily-water mix and 187,000 bags of tar balls. 9 news now. the fda already has said that salmon which grows twice as fast as conventional salmon is as safe to eat as the traditional variety. a key issue is how will the fda allow the salmon to be marketed. the approval would also open the door for a variety of other genetically engineered animals. coming up next, howard and the forecast. >> jaycee, a gorgeous start to the week. but get ready, it will get hot again in a couple of days. 12:12 pm ×
we'll break with a look at allergy update. and some good news here. most of the guys are in the low category. a little bit of moderate there on the weeds. we'll be back with the full seven-day forecast and let you know when things will warm up when 9 news now returns. appreciate the easy days, are what keep me coming back for more. and the customer says, on the carpet." i'm thinking, what? gonna be difficult. don't tell me about a dog. an exploding crockpot, free-ranging house chickens. call a day's work. ♪ call 1-800-steemer 12:13 pm ×
[ female announcer ] this is a strawberry pop tart. 12:14 pm ×
but this is warm, fresh-baked strawberry toaster strudel. [ music ] see the difference? pillsbury toaster strudel, the one kids want to eat. than listening there'to our favorite songs. there's nothing we love more than listening to our favorite songs. but our favorite thing is eating totino's pizza rolls. but our favorite thing is eating totino's pizza rolls. ♪ we're the kids in america ♪ oh, oh, oh 12:15 pm ×
i'm peggy fox with your monday moms like me spotlight. today we're talking about preventing strangulation in children. last friday a 17-month-old baby got caught in a drapeery cord and then died. with us to help us make sure our home is safe is dr. jamie frystat with safe kids. thank you for coming in. >> thank you for having me. >> this is something everybody should pay attention to, not just if you have small children. >> that's exactly right. because children go different places, whether to grand parents or a friend's house and so everybody needs to be aware of strangulation in the home and prevent it from happening. >> so what do you do? >> first and foremost, the safest option is cordless options. and this makes sense because we're worried about the cords when it comes to strangulation and kids. the next thing is you want to go around to every window of 12:16 pm ×
your home and make sure it is child proof. we're not -- of course there is a lot of people who do not have cordless window options so go to those windows and make sure they are child proof and this means making sure that the inner and outer cord are secured that kids cannot become tangled in them. >> we have some tips to run down and make sure everyone has got this? >> that's exactly right. and i want to recommend that all parents do to an amazing website called window covers.org and there you can find how to child proof your individual window covering because there are a lot of different times and they offer free repair retrofits. >> we'll put that on moms like me. jamie, thanks for coming in. >> thanks for having me. >> and we'll see you on momslikeme.com. and we have live breaking news from new york city. a fire has shut down subway 12:17 pm ×
service. the scene is beneath the bridge at 138th street in harlem. trains are not leaving or entering grand central station. we're following this story. we'll bring you the latest information on our website and of course on 9 news now at 5:00 p.m. a water main replacement project is silver spring has turned into a nightmare for one family. this started with an e-mail to 9 news. we showed up on friday and a plumber was finishing replacing expensive fixtures for the third time in less than a year at betsy's house. the problem appears to be gravel and other debris from water main work coming through the pipes and ruining valves. >> this has been going on since late spring. >> all summer? >> and it's been one disaster right after the other. >> the washington suburban sanitary commission said damage 12:18 pm ×
to her plumbing will be paid for by the contractor duing the water main replacement. wssc adds they have been replacing at least 37 miles of water main in the region this year and a spokesperson said utility takes very seriously our role of managing contractors. for more stories from where you live, go to our website at wusa9.com, find your community in our "where you live" section and keep up with what is happening in your area. contact us and be part of the wusa9.com. and hurricane igor battered bermuda and the storm's effects could soon be felt on our shores. more than 16,000 residents are without power. and there is no word on when their electricity will be back on. the power company is waiting for the storm to subside before 12:19 pm ×
sending crews out to do work on downed power lines. >> if they're out already, that storm is pulling out quickly. they had wind gusts up to 90 miles per hour. it did weaken and is now going into the north atlantic. it will become a nontropical storm and head toward greenland of all places. what a gorgeous day for you. the rest of the afternoon, it is really dried out and breezy and definitely has that feel in the air. look at the next several hours. 79 by 3:00. that is our high for the day. 75 at 6:00 p.m. and then by 9:00, clear and we're down into the 60s. it is going to be a chilly night tonight. you may want to -- while the wind oars are open, put the heater on now. if you haven't put it on yet, just fire it up because there is usually dust in the system and if you turn it on now with 12:20 pm ×
the windows open it won't be as bad. because we're talking temperatures in spots of mid- 40s in the suburbans, mid-50s by the bay where the water temperatures keep you warm. sun set at 7:08. for tuesday, sunny and pleasant. low 80s for high. east winds at 5. we'll be a few degrees warmer on tuesday but wednesday will heat up. and the clouds will show. that's from igor. and cold front well off to the south now. 60s up in williamsport. still 83 in roanoke. so a little bit warm. but the air has really dried out. we're 75 -- this dew point at 6:00 a.m. was 61. that shows you how much this has bottomed out and the relative humidity at 31%. north winds at 11, thankfully we don't have windier conditions and too much fuel. or else we'd had a fire condition out there. but if you are going to burn 12:21 pm ×
anything up, please be careful. and the barometer rising at 30.09. high pressure is up here in michigan. this cool, dry air is coming up under the northerly winds and the front do you know to the north carolina border. however, what will happen is as this high comes down, we'll be cool. tonight will be coolish. and then summer is coming back. high pressure near us tomorrow so we're great. high pressure falls away. our winds by tuesday evening are turning south. and this will touch off a few showers and storms out to the west on wednesday afternoon. if we're lucky, we'll give them over here but you notice the warm air, that is noontime. we'll transition to hot by mid afternoon as temperatures wednesday will be pushing 90 in spots and then it will stay up there for the next few days. here today, high temperatures, upper 70s to around 80 across the region. a few 80s south, mid-70s to the 12:22 pm ×
north, an annapolis only about 73. our seven-day forecast, here is your temperatures. starting comfortable, 79 today. wednesday they'll fall to 11:09. thursday and friday near 90. a couple of showers and storms possible. and on the weekend, a chance of a couple of showers and mild on sunday. we're going to the kitchen for some good, tasty stuff for you when 9 news returns. wúçúwú 12:23 pm ×
i've got power pain can't mess with. (announcer) new icy hot power gel. relief that's icy to dull pain, hot to relax it away. and no mess. new icy hot power gel. don't mess around with pain. meatless mondays was 12:26 pm ×
launched in 2003 to help americans reduce saturated fat. my guest today is kim o'donnell and she's written a book called the meat lovers meatless cook book, fabulous cook book, and today she is fixing a very special dish for me. it is called the west indian style shanna wrap. >> that is the word for chick peas or garbanzos. if you travel to barbadoss, far west indies. and we have something caribbean and really easy to put together. >> smells good. >> i have onions, garlic and ginger. cooked in oil. we're going to do some curry paste. and this is curry powder. and then we have salt, cumin 12:27 pm ×
and cayenne. and then chick peas from a can. just drain them and rinse them with water. >> i like chick peas. >> they are one of my favorite. >> i like them in my salads. how much water? >> just enough to barely cover your chick peas. so that's for this -- for the recipe, it's about two cups, but it varies. >> the rescue is going to be -- the recipe is on our website, wusa9.com. this looks real simple to make. >> so we bring this up to a lively simmer and set the time for 50 minutes. and this is already going. and we're going to tuck a few into a whole wheat tortilla. >> we have about 15 seconds. >> oh, boy. >> this is very easy. >> very, very easy. >> and it's healthy eating and just once a week to become a vegetarian, it's easy to do. kim o'donnell's book, please get it. the meat lovers meatless cook 12:28 pm ×
book and the recipe is on our website. come back and visit us at 5:00. look at that. that was so simple. thank you. 12:29 pm ×
favorite tv9 News Now at NoonCBS September 20, 2010 12:00pm-12:30pm EDT News News/Business. New.
TOPIC FREQUENCY Us 7, Iran 6, Michelle Rhee 6, Michigan 4, U.s. 3, New York 3, Wheeler 2, Kristin Fisher 2, Ahmadinej 2, Fda 2, United Nations 2, Kim O'donnell 2, Bermuda 2, Virginia 2, Rodriguez 1, Vince Gray 1, Vincent Gray 1, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 1, Shane 1, Randall Pinkston 1Network CBSDuration 00:30:00Scanned in Annapolis, MD, USASource Comcast CableTuner Channel 79 (555 MHz)Video Codec mpeg2videoAudio Cocec ac3Pixel width 528Pixel height 480Sponsor Internet ArchiveAudio/Visual sound, color

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Amazon.com: Sewing Machine Repair Manual
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... maintenance/ repair. Your sewing machine's manual should have a ...See a random page in this book.Books:See all 25 itemsThe First Conglomerate 145 Years of the Singer Sewing Machine CompanyJun 20, 2010by Don BissellPaperback$7.45Get it by Tuesday, Sep 8More Buying Choices$3.45used & new(34 offers)
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... building repairs and one manual sewing machine. The rest of ...See a random page in this book.Books:See all 25 itemsRepair Servicing and Fault Finding ManualNov 1, 2014by Alan WilliamsPaperback$32.95used & new(1 offer)Books:See all 25 itemsSewing Machine Repair Manual by Sew it WorksCurrently unavailable

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