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Patent US4619803 - Self-texturing nylon yarn spinning process - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA self-crimping filament is formed in high-speed spinning by joining hot and cool molten substances of a single polymer substantially at or preferably below the face of the spinneret. This increases the bulk of a yarn containing such filaments....http://www.google.com/patents/US4619803?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4619803 - Self-texturing nylon yarn spinning processAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4619803 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/633,313Publication dateOct 28, 1986Filing dateJul 23, 1984Priority dateJul 23, 1984Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA1243160A1, EP0170645A2, EP0170645A3Publication number06633313, 633313, US 4619803 A, US 4619803A, US-A-4619803, US4619803 A, US4619803AInventorsJing-Peir YuOriginal AssigneeMonsanto CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (14), Referenced by (7), Classifications (14), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSelf-texturing nylon yarn spinning processUS 4619803 AAbstract A self-crimping filament is formed in high-speed spinning by joining hot and cool molten substances of a single polymer substantially at or preferably below the face of the spinneret. This increases the bulk of a yarn containing such filaments.
What is claimed is: 1. A process for spinning a yarn having latent crimp, comprising:(a) spinning a plurality of filaments, each of said filaments being formed by:(1) generating first and second sub-streams of a molten polymer, and first sub-stream having a higher temperature than said second sub-stream; (2) metering said sub-streams at given rates through separate passageways in a spinneret; (3) said passageways being selected and arranged such that said sub-streams unite and merge side-by-side at a point below a plane 0.15 mm above the face of said spinneret to form a combined stream having a relatively cool side comprising said second sub-stream and a relatively hot side comprising said first sub-stream; (4) directing quenching air against said combined stream below said spinneret from a given direction to thereby quench said combined stream into a filament, said given direction is selected so that said quench air preferentially impinges on said relatively cool side; and (5) withdrawing said filament from said combined stream at a spinning speed above 2500 MPM; and (b) converging from filaments at a given distance from said spinneret to form said yarn; (c) said polymer, the temperature of said sub-streams, said metering rates, said given direction, and given distance, and said spinning speed being selected such that said filament has an elongation below 100% and a bulk of at least 10%. 2. The process defined in claim 1, wherein said first sub-stream is metered through a higher resistance to fluid flow than said second sub-stream prior to extrusion through said passageways.
3. The process defined in claim 1, wherein said passageway through which said second sub-stream is metered is selected such that said second sub-stream has a non-round cross-section just prior to merging with said first sub-stream.
4. The process defined in claim 1, wherein said metering rates and said spinning speed are selected such that said filament has a denier of at least 12.
5. The process defined in claim 1, wherein said passageways are selected and arranged such that said sub-streams merge below said face of said spinneret.
6. The process defined in claim 1, wherein said polymer is nylon-66.
7. The process defined in claim 6, wherein said polymer contains between 0.5 and 15 mol % hexamethylene diammonium terephthalate moieties.
8. The process defined in claim 5, wherein said passageway through which said second sub-stream is metered is selected such that said second sub-stream has a non-round cross-section prior to merging with said first sub-stream.
9. The process defined in claim 5, wherein said polymer is nylon-66.
10. The process defined in claim 9, wherein said polymer contains between 0.5 and 15 mol% hexamethylene diammonium terephthalate moieties.
The invention relates to the art of melt-spinning of nylon-66 filaments and yarns having latent bulk or crimp induced by differential quenching across the filament cross-sections during high speed spinning. More particularly, the invention relates to such melt spinning wherein the latent bulk is produced by enhanced temperature differences across the molten stream being quenched.
It is known to induce latent bulk by differential quenching across the filament cross-section at very high spinning speeds, as typified by Bromley U.S. Pat. No. 4,176,150.
It is also known in the art to divide a molten stream of a single polymer into two separate sub-streams, treat the sub-streams differently so as to modify one of the streams, then unite the sub-streams side-by-side as one or more combined streams. In some cases the treatment partially degrades the sub-stream. The resulting conjugate streams are then spun through spinneret capillaries, quenched, and wound as a spun yarn before a separate subsequent drawing operation or drawn in-line before winding. When the drawn yarn is relaxed, bulk is developed. Typical such prior disclosures are Martin U.S. Pat. No. 3,408,277, Keuchel U.S. Pat. No. 3,780,149, Keuchel U.S. Pat. No. 3,861,843, and Shimizu U.S. Pat. No. 3,904,730. These references do not appear to direct the quench air from any particular direction with respect to the molten streams.
In a somewhat similar vein, Uraya U.S. Pat. No. 3,659,989 starts with two different polymers instead of a single polymer, heats them to diffferent temperatures selected such that their melt viscosities are approximately equal, combines them side-by-side as conjugate streams, and then spins the conjugate streams through spinneret capillaries.
In each of these prior art teachings wherein conjugation of sub-streams occurs, the conjugation takes place well in advance of extrusion from the spinneret. Accordingly, there is an appreciable time period in which the temperatures of the two sub-streams can tend to equalize, and the resulting bulk is reduced.
According to the present invention, it has been discovered that the degree of bulk can be substantially increased by spinning at very high speeds and modifying the spinning process such that the temperature differences between the sub-streams are maintained at higher levels that would otherwise be possible according to the prior art disclosures. This is generally done by bringing the sub-streams together at a later point than is contemplated in the prior art, as set forth more fully below. Preferably the sub-streams do not merge within the spinneret, but do so below the face of the spinneret.
According to a first principal aspect of the invention, there is provided a process for spinning a yarn comprising a plurality of filaments having latent crimp, comprising spinning a plurality of filaments, each of the filaments being formed by generating first and second sub-streams of a molten polymer, the first sub-stream having a higher temperature than the second sub-stream; metering (pumping at constant rates) the sub-streams at given rates through separate passageways in a spinneret; the passageways being selected and arranged such that the sub-streams unite and merge side-by-side at a point below a plane 0.006 inch (0.15 mm) above the face of the spinneret to form a combined stream having a relatively cool side comprising the second sub-stream and a relatively hot side comprising the first sub-stream; directing quenching air against the combined stream from a given direction to thereby quench the combined stream into a filament; and withdrawing the filament from the combined stream at a spinning speed above 2500 MPM. The filaments are then converged at a given distance from the spinneret to form the yarn. The polymer, the temperatures of the sub-streams, the metering rates of the sub-streams, the given direction, the given distance, and the spinning speed are selected such that the yarn has an elongation below 100% and a bulk of at least 10%.
According to further aspects of the invention, the higher temperature is generated by metering the first sub-stream through a higher resistance to fluid flow than the second sub-stream prior to extrusion through the passageways. In accordance with certain preferred aspects, the passageway through which the second sub-stream is metered is preferably selected such that the second sub-stream has a non-round cross-section prior to merging with the first sub-stream. Advantageously for various end uses, the metering rates and spinning speed are selected such that the filament has a denier of at least 12. The passageways are preferably selected and arranged such that the sub-streams merge below the face of the spinneret. The given direction of the quench air is preferably selected such that the quench air preferentially impinges on the cool side if maximum bulk is desired. Preferably the yarn is composed of nylon-66 polymer, with between 0.5 and 15 mol % terephthalic acid replacing a like amount of adipic acid being particularly preferred. The resulting polymer will accordingly contain between 0.5 and 15 mol % hexamethylene diammonium terephthalate moieties.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front elevation view of the preferred apparatus for practicing the process;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a spinneret pack assembly according to one aspect of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of of one preferred spinneret according to the invention; and
FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of another preferred spinneret according to the invention.
With reference to FIG. 1, the yarn is spun as a plurality of molten streams 24 from spinneret 22. The molten streams 24 are quenched into filaments 26 by transversely directed quenching air in a quench zone below spinneret 22. Filaments 26 are withdrawn from their corresponding molten streams and converged into yarn 28 at spin finish applicator 30 located a given distance below spinneret 22. Yarn 28 passes around feed roll 32 and its associated separator roll 34, then around delivery roll 36 and its associated separator 38 prior to being wound by winder 40. An optional tangle chamber or prebulker may be positioned between rolls 32 and 36 or may be positioned between roll 36 and winder 40. Each or all of rolls 32, 34, 36, and 38 may be eliminated according to various aspects of the invention.
In operation of the FIG. 1 apparatus, the freshly quenched filaments are withdrawn from their corresponding molten stream at a spinning speed determined by the speed of feed roll 32. Delivery roll 36 may be driven at a higher speed than feed roll 32 if desired, and preferably has a somewhat higher speed than winder 40 in order to provide the desired winding tension. If there are no rolls 32, 34, 36, or 38 provided, the spinning speed is determined by the speed of winder 40 to provide "straight through spinning".
FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred spinning pack design for practicing the invention. Filter block 42 has cavities 44 and 46 formed in its upper surface, each of the cavities containing sand or other filtration media. Pressure plate 48 is positioned between block 42 and spinneret 22. A first sub-stream 50 of molten polymer is metered (pumped at a constant rate) and fed into cavity 44 through the filtration media contained therein, then passes downwardly through passage 52 to passage 54 in plate 48. The first sub-stream then passes through counterbore 56 in spinneret 22, from which it passes through capillary 58. In like manner, the second separately metered sub-stream 60 is fed into cavity 46 through the filtration media contained therein, then passes downwardly through passage 62 to passage 64 in plate 48. The second sub-stream then passes through counterbore 66 in spinneret 22, after which it passes through capillary 68. Capillaries 58 and 68 together cooperate as a combined orifice in spinning a single filament. A spinneret in practice will contain a plurality of combined orifices, one for each filament to be spun.
FIG. 2 illustrates the preferred method for generating a temperature difference between the two sub-streams. When a molten polymer is pumped through a resistance to fluid flow, most of the work performed is converted into heat. In the case of nylon-66 polymer having an R.V. of 45, metering the polymer at about 290� C. through a 70 Kg/cm2 pressure drop will increase the polymer temperature by an amount of the order of magnitude of 2� C. As illustrated, passage 54 contains a narrowed portion for providing a higher resistance to fluid flow than is provided by passage 64. Accordingly the first polymer sub-stream fed into counterbore 56 and capillary 58 will be hotter than the second polymer sub-stream fed into counterbore 66 and capillary 68. Another technique for creating different resistances to fluid flow would be to eliminate plate 48 and provide different amounts or different types of filtration media in cavities 44 and 46.
Still referring to FIG. 2, according to the invention (and in contrast to the prior art), the sub-streams unite at a point lower than a plane 0.006 inch (0.15 mm) above the face 70 of spinneret 22. This reduces the time that the sub-streams are in contact with one another prior to quenching, and maintains the temperature difference of the sub-streams to a greater degree than if the sub-streams were earlier united as was done by the prior art.
This maintenance of the maximum temperature difference is maximized when the sub-streams merge side-by-side and unite below the face of spinneret 22, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The observed bulk in each of the following examples is due to differential quenching due to the transverse quenching air flow across the molten streams under the stress of high speed spinning.
EXAMPLE 1 This example illustrates that some minor degree of bulk is inherently induced in high speed spinning by transversely directed quenching air under the stress of high speed spinning, although not to a useful level unless the various spinning parameters are appropriately selected.
FIG. 3 shows one combined orifice on the face 70 of a preferred embodiment of spinneret 22. As illustrated, capillaries 58 and 68 do not intersect within the spinneret as in FIG. 2. Each capillary has a diameter of 0.46 mm and a length of 0.76 mm. The axes of the capillaries form an included angle of 60�, and the distance between the axes in the plane of the spinneret is 0.61 mm. That is, land 72 between capillaries 58 and 68 is about 0.15 mm. wide, and the two sub-streams unite and join side-by-side at a point below the face of spinneret 22 to form a combined stream. In this example spinneret 22 contains 10 combined orifices.
Nylon-66 sub-streams at a temperature of 295� C. upon entering cavities 44 and 46 are spun without a pressure plate, attempting to produce a minimum temperature difference between the first and second sub-streams. The polymer is selected such that the yarn has an RV of 53.5. Transversely directed quench air at room temperature is supplied in a quench zone 914 mm high at an average speed of 32.5 meters per minute from the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 3. The polymer metering rates are selected such that all sub-streams have the same flow rate and the resulting filaments have individual deniers of 10.5 at a spinning speed of 4572 MPM. With the pressure of cavity 44 at 2300 psig (162 kg/cm2) and the pressure in cavity 46 at 2100 psig (148 kg/cm2), which difference in pressure would generate very little temperature difference between the sub-streams in capillaries 58 and 68, the convergence and finish application guide 30 is located 55 inches (140 cm) below the spinneret.
The resulting yarn has an elongation of 73.5%, a tenacity of 1.6 grams/denier, a bulk of 9.7%, and a shrinkage of 3.5%. The yarn does not possess a useful degree of bulk, as indicated by a bulk value less than 10%.
EXAMPLE 2 Example 1 is repeated except the convergence guide is lowered to a point 150 inches (381 cm) below spinneret 22. The resulting yarn has an elongation of 71.5%, a tenacity of 1.5 grams/denier, a bulk of 9.5%, and a shrinkage of 3.1%.
The yarn does not possess a useful degree of bulk, as indicate by a bulk value less than 10%, despite the use of a convergence distance of 150 inches (381 cm). As will be shown below, increasing the convergence distance is normally effective in increasing yarn bulk if the other spinning parameters are properly selected.
EXAMPLE 3 Example 1 is repeated, except that pressure plate 48 is provided such that the pressure in cavity 44 is 6200 psig (436 kg/cm2) and the pressure in cavity 46 is 2400 psig (169 kg/cm2), which would generate several degrees temperature difference between the sub-streams in capillaries 58 and 68. When guide 30 is located 55 inches (140 cm) below spinneret 22, the yarn has an elongation of 71.8%, a tenacity of 1.65 grams/denier, a bulk of 12.9%, and a shrinkage of 3.3%.
The yarn bulk of 12.9% permits the yarn to be useful in various end uses, such as in carpets or upholstery. The yarn of this example illustrates that useful bulk can be achieved by the increased temperature difference across the molten stream being quenched according to the invention even when the quenching air is not supplied from the most favorable direction, which would be impinging on the cooler side of the combined stream, with the hot side of the combined stream shielded from the quench air by the cooler side. In this case, as in Examples 1 and 2, quenching air is equally supplied to the hot and cool sides of the yarn.
EXAMPLE 4 Example 3 is repeated, except that guide 30 is located at a point 150 inches (381 cm) below spinneret 22, providing a yarn having an elongation of 71.4%, a tenacity of 1.6%, a bulk of 17.8%, and a shrinkage of 3.7%.
This illustrates that, when the temperature difference across the molten stream is sufficient, bulk can be controlled by selecting the convergence distance, with bulk generally increasing with increasing convergence distance.
EXAMPLE 5 Other factors than a larger temperature difference across the molten stream, quench air direction and longer convergence distance are significant in providing increased bulk. Providing a larger surface area exposed to the quench air is one, as is a larger denier per filament. Experiment 4 is repeated, except that spinneret design of FIG. 4 is used, the yarn R.V. is 62, and the convergence distance is 115 inches (292 cm). Capillary 58 has a diameter of 0.022 inch (0.56 mm) and a length of about 0.020 inch (0.51 mm), while V-shaped capillary 68 has a slot width of 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) and an overall length in the direction of polymer flow of 0.046 inch (1.17 mm). The length of capillary 68 along the "V" in the plane of face 70 is 0.046 inch (1.17 mm). The axes of capillaries 58 and 68 are each inclined at an angle of 52� from the plane of face 70, such that the axes form an included angle of 76�. There is a land 72 0.003 inches (0.076 mm) wide between the capillaries on face 70.
The polymer metering rates are such that each of the 10 filaments spun by the spinneret has a denier of about 14.5 rather than the 10 in the previous examples, with a pack pressure of 4700 psig (331 kg/cm2) for capillary 58 and a pack pressure of 6300 psig (444 kg/cm2) for capillary 68. The direction of quench air is as shown in the drawing, with the air directed toward the "V".
The resulting yarn has a denier of 145, an elongation of 59.5%, a tenacity of 1.36 grams/denier, a bulk of 37%, and a shrinkage of 3.29%.
By overfeeding the yarn by 2.6% from roll 32 to roll 36 and supplying a tangle chamber mounted between the rolls with air heated to 300� C., the yarn becomes prebulked and has a denier of 149, an elongation of 56%, a tenacity of 1.09 grams/denier, a bulk of 54.8%, and a shrinkage of 4%.
EXAMPLE 6 It has been discovered that the quenching and hence the luster of yarn comprising filaments having large individual deniers can be improved in the case of nylon-66 by replacing between about 0.5 and 15 mol % adipic acid with terephthalic acid such that the resulting polymer contains between 0.5 and 15 mol % hexamethylene diammonium terephthalate moieties. Example 5 is repeated with nylon-66 polymer containing 5 mol % terephthalate moieties such that the yarn has 64 R.V. The spinning speed is 5000 YPM (4572 MPM), and the equal metering rates are such that the yarn has 149 denier. The resulting yarn has superior luster, an elongation of 61%, a tenacity of 1.5%, a bulk of 31%, and a shrinkage of 3.3%.
TEST METHODS The yarn elongation-to-break is measured one week after spinning. All yarn packages to be tested are conditioned at 21 degrees C. and 65% relative humidity for one day prior to testing. Fifty yards of yarn are stripped from the bobbin and discarded. Elongation-to-break is determined using an Instron tensile testing instrument. The gage length (initial length) of yarn sample between clamps on the instrument) is 25 cm., and the crosshead speed is 30 cm. per minute. The yarn is extended until it breaks. Elongation-to-break is defined as the increase in sample length at the time of maximum load or force (stress) applied, expressed as a percentage of the original gage length (25 cm.).
Relative viscosity (R.V.) is determined by ASTM D789-81, using 90% formic acid.
As used in the specification and claims, the term "Nylon 66" shall means those synthetic polyamides containing in the polymer molecule at least 85% by weight of recurring structural units of the formula ##STR1##
Bulk and shrinkage are determined by the following procedures. The yarn is conditioned at 23� C. and 72% relative humidity for one day prior to testing. Twenty five meters of yarn are stripped from the surface of the bobbin and discarded. Using a Suter denier reel or equivalent and a winding tension of 0.033 grams per yarn denier, the yarn is wound into a skein having a 1.125 meter circumference and a skein denier of approximately (but not to exceed) 55,000 skein denier. That is, if the yarn denier is 520, 52 revolutions of the denier reel will provide a skein denier of 54,080 while 53 revolutions would provide a skein denier of 55,120. In this instance 52 revolutions would be used. The ends of the skein are tied together while maintaining the 0.033 grams per denier tension, and the skein is removed from the denier reel and suspended from a 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) diameter rod. A number 1 paper clip, bent into an "S" shape is suspended from the skein. The rod with skein and paper clip attached is placed in a 180� C. forced hot air oven sufficiently large that the skein hangs freely. After 5 minutes in the oven, the rod with skein and paper clip is removed from the oven and hung in an atmosphere of 23� C. and 72% relative humidity for one minute. A weight equal to 0.0009 grams per skein denier is then gently suspended from the paper clip. After 30 seconds, the skein length in centimeters is measured to provide length La. The small weight is then replaced with a weight equal to 0.825 grams per skein denier. After 30 seconds, the skein length in centimeters is measured to provide length Lb. The percent bulk is then defined as (100)(56.25-La)/56.25, while the percent shrinkage is defined as (100)(56.25-Lb)/56.25.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3408277 *Feb 8, 1965Oct 29, 1968RhodiacetaProcess and apparatus for producing high-bulk synthetic yarnsUS3659989 *Jun 19, 1970May 2, 1972Kanegafuchi Spinning Co LtdApparatus for improving spinnability and property of composite filamentUS3780149 *Feb 7, 1966Dec 18, 1973Celanese CorpConjugate spinning processUS3861843 *Jul 17, 1973Jan 21, 1975Celanese CorpApparatus for forming laminar crimpable filamentsUS3901636 *Jun 11, 1973Aug 26, 1975Beloit CorpPlastic extrusion and odor elimination apparatusUS3904730 *Jan 26, 1970Sep 9, 1975Mitsui Petrochemical IndProcess for the preparation of polypropylene crimped fibersUS4069092 *Nov 22, 1976Jan 17, 1978Beloit CorporationOdor elimination apparatus for extruded plasticUS4080138 *Nov 17, 1975Mar 21, 1978The Dow Chemical CompanyExtrusion process and apparatusUS4176150 *Mar 18, 1977Nov 27, 1979Monsanto CompanyProcess for textured yarnUS4247503 *Nov 22, 1978Jan 27, 1981Asa S.A.Process for production of crimpable chemical yarnsCA769636A *Oct 17, 1967Japan Exlan Co LtdSpinning deviceGB2003423A * Title not availableJP41017927A * Title not availableJPS4729441A * Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5137666 *Jun 21, 1990Aug 11, 1992E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And CompanyMultifilament apparel yarns of nylonUS5202182 *Mar 13, 1992Apr 13, 1993E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And CompanyMultifilament apparel yarns of nylonUS6619947Dec 21, 2000Sep 16, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Dual capillary spinneret with single outlet for production of homofilament crimp fibersUS6830640Sep 10, 2002Dec 14, 2004Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Dual capillary spinneret for production of homofilament crimp fibersUS8507061Dec 20, 2011Aug 13, 2013The Gillette CompanyWet friction material for blow molded articlesWO2012094440A1Jan 5, 2012Jul 12, 2012The Gillette CompanyBlow molded article with wet friction materialWO2012094442A1Jan 5, 2012Jul 12, 2012The Gillette CompanyWet friction material for closures for product containers* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification264/168, 264/172.18, 425/378.2, 425/131.5, 425/379.1, 264/172.14International ClassificationD01D5/23, D01F8/12, D01D5/32, D01D5/22Cooperative ClassificationD01D5/32, D01D5/22European ClassificationD01D5/22, D01D5/32Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 3, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: CPFILMS INC., VIRGINIAOwner name: MONCHEM INTERNATIONAL, INC., MISSOURIOwner name: MONCHEM, INC., MISSOURIOwner name: SOLUTIA INC., MISSOURIOwner name: SOLUTIA SYSTEMS, INC., MISSOURIFree format text: RELEASE OF SHORT-FORM PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:020638/0177Effective date: 20080228Owner name: CPFILMS INC.,VIRGINIAOwner name: MONCHEM, INC.,MISSOURIOwner name: MONCHEM INTERNATIONAL, INC.,MISSOURIOwner name: SOLUTIA INC.,MISSOURIOwner name: SOLUTIA SYSTEMS, INC.,MISSOURINov 25, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: ABLECO FINANCE LLC, NEW YORKFree format text: SHORT-FORM JUNIOR PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:SOLUTIA INC.;REEL/FRAME:014683/0683Effective date: 20031008Owner name: ABLECO FINANCE LLC 299 PARK AVE, 23RD FLOORNEW YORFree format text: SHORT-FORM JUNIOR PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:SOLUTIA INC. /AR;REEL/FRAME:014683/0683Owner name: ABLECO FINANCE LLC,NEW YORKOct 9, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: ABLECO FINANCE LLC, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NEW YORKFree format text: ASSIGNMENT FOR SECURITY;ASSIGNOR:SOLUTIA INC.;REEL/FRAME:014043/0021Effective date: 20031008Owner name: ABLECO FINANCE LLC, AS COLLATERAL AGENT 299 PARK AFree format text: ASSIGNMENT FOR SECURITY;ASSIGNOR:SOLUTIA INC. /AR;REEL/FRAME:014043/0021Owner name: ABLECO FINANCE LLC, AS COLLATERAL AGENT,NEW YORKNov 28, 1997ASAssignmentOwner name: SOLUTIA INC., MISSOURIFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MONSANTO COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:008820/0846Effective date: 19970824Jan 10, 1995FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19941102Oct 30, 1994LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJun 7, 1994REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedMar 19, 1990FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 23, 1984ASAssignmentOwner name: MONSANTO COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MO A DE CORP.Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:YU, JING-PEIR;REEL/FRAME:004290/0709Effective date: 19840718RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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168357,192063,192119,191454,180668,194168,193360,184119|2,182830,189695|7,191443,194260,191762,195887,192916,193735,193693|1,188394,193659|2,195907,192869,194771,185503,189311,193805,185647,191747,193805|1,192068,192385|1,193439,194125,191030,186749,183127,194643|1,188043,193690|1,183989|3,195926,195555,194307,189695,188405,191627,193659,143209,191212,194746,194827,193693,192528,189326|1,174933,175976,189326,193675,183989,195323,195650,193805|3,195297,192094,189695|4,194643,191030|3,195515,175062,192261,191360,163545,192916|1,165077,192916|5,183127|2,194710,189695|1,187782,194388,191566,187033,183127|3,193683,193817,195548,183989|1,193785,193690,184119,144972,181938,192117,191740,191781,195306,168357|3,191030|4,195661,179618,194284,178210,190078,192916|2,192916|3

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'Blair Witch': A Spell of Pure Terror - The Washington Post
'Blair Witch': A Spell of Pure Terror
"The Blair Witch Project" is the scariest movie I've ever seen. Not the goriest, the grossest, the weirdest, the eeriest, the sickest, the creepiest or the slimiest.
Scarier than "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre." Scarier than the shower scene in "Psycho" the first time you see it. Scarier than the final twist in "Carrie" and the shark attacks in "Jaws."
In October of 1994, a brief written prologue informs the audience, three film students from Montgomery College went into the woods near Burkittsville, Md., to shoot a documentary about a local legend called the Blair Witch.
However--and here is the film's simple, exquisite conceit--a year later their equipment and film were found, buried in the foundation of a deserted house, and it is this unfinished footage, supposedly pieced together by directors Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sanchez, that is the film that we, the audience, are told we are watching. A movie within a movie, "The Blair Witch Project" is presented as interrupted, unverifiable cinema verite, a patchwork of the actual film work on the students' documentary and a simultaneously video-recorded diary of the making of that documentary.
Director Heather Donahue, cameraman Joshua Leonard and sound man Michael Williams (all the characters have the same names as the actors who play them) pile into Josh's car one October morning and head up to Burkittsville. Heather wants man-in-the-street interviews about the staying power of the 200-year-old legend, as well as shots of sites connected with the Witch: Coffin Rock, for example, where in 1886 some men who had been searching for a vanished child were found bound, dead and disemboweled. Before anyone could make sense of the strange letters carved into their faces, the bodies mysteriously disappeared.
Some of the present-day townspeople have heard the Witch stories, some aren't sure. Those who have mention the hermit who, in the 1940s, lured children to his forest cabin and slaughtered them, or the local nut who claims to have seen in the woods a woman covered with short hair, "like a horse." As a mother talks to the camera, her 2-year-old daughter, held in her arms, keeps putting a hand over Mom's mouth: Don't tell!
Don't ask, either, the audience thinks nervously, but in the time-honored fashion of horror movie characters everywhere, our heroes strike off into the woods. This isn't some mysterious, shadowy, Gothic forest. It's scrubby and scraggly in the most banal way, and as the filmmakers become progressively more lost, these dull, ugly woods seem to swell, as if from some psychic sap, with terror.
If ever a movie proved that what you don't see is scarier than what you do, this one is it. Because Heather and her crew don't know the real story they're filming--the story of their doom--their cameras catch bits and pieces of random action. The audience has to piece things together from sequences that stop in the middle, or gaze for a long, boring minute or so at a shot of weeds while, the camera momentarily forgotten, the characters argue. We never get quite enough information to figure out what's happening, but--thanks to the script structure worked out by Myrick and Sanchez--we always get enough to make us dread what's coming next.
Though the story was plotted very carefully, the dialogue was improvised. The raw, amateurish-seeming scenes that result, with their repetitiveness and lack of focus, only pull us deeper into the film's illusion that what we're seeing really happened. The actors, who actually spent several days in the woods, eating less and less and never quite sure what was going on, come apart harrowingly. Its ghost story aside, the movie is a nerve-racking account of a group of people going to pieces under stress.
Presented as an incomplete student film, "The Blair Witch Project," of course, is a student film: that is to say, experimental, in love with the medium, irreverent and high-spirited. With its what's-real? playfulness and antic use of film conventions, the movie is like Orson Welles's famous 1938 radio broadcast of "The War of the Worlds," which forsook ordinary dramatic narrative and instead pretended to "break into" a regular broadcast with a series of increasingly disturbing "news announcements." A hysterical nation ran screaming into the streets. Like that youthfully impetuous near-hoax, Myrick and Sanchez's movie is a work that plays--with form, technical possibilities, audience expectations and the idea of a show as a magic trick.
"The Blair Witch Project" is terrifying. It's also an exuberant prank of genius.
The Blair Witch Project (87 minutes, at area theaters) is rated R for macabre material and strong language.
CAPTION: Sound man Michael Williams dreads another night in the woods.
CAPTION: Heather Donahue, playing a director by the same name, fears for her life.

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pyroko comments on The NY Times labels the pro-gay marriage, pro-marijuana legalization, pro-immigration liberalization Cato Institute "ultraconservative"jump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | gadgets-sports-gaming-pics-worldnews-videos-AskReddit-aww-Music-funny-news-movies-books-history-food-philosophy-television-Jokes-Art-DIY-space-Documentaries-Fitness-askscience-nottheonion-todayilearned-personalfinance-gifs-listentothis-IAmA-TwoXChromosomes-creepy-nosleep-GetMotivated-WritingPrompts-LifeProTips-EarthPorn-explainlikeimfive-Showerthoughts-Futurology-photoshopbattles-mildlyinteresting-dataisbeautiful-tifu-OldSchoolCool-UpliftingNews-InternetIsBeautiful-sciencemore » Libertariancommentsrelatedother discussions (1)want to join? sign in or create an account in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/Libertarianuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 10 Feb 2014275 points (95% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postLibertariansubscribeunsubscribe127,434 readers114 users here nowFree association.
a community for 7 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSSamsLembasrightc0astancapjscoppeⒶⒶrdvⒶrkabout moderation team »discussions in /r/Libertarian<>X31 points · 160 comments New Low: Sheriff’s Office Claims Infant at Fault for SWAT Team Blowing His Face Apart with Grenade35 points · 36 comments Ross Ulbricht Gets Life Sentence for Silk Road Conviction14 points Fifty Years Ago, A Philosophy Professor Won A Landmark Free Speech Case At The Supreme Court: "Instead of just complying with the law, he did what any civil libertarian would do: He sued the government."11 points Fox News continues to blackout Rand Paul in their poll coverage11 points A Swingers Club Is Rebranded a Church To Evade Local Busybodies9 points Shepard Fairey, the artist who made the iconic Obama "Hope" poster, was asked if he thought Obama "has lived up to" the poster. His answer: "Not even close." He's gone from from hope to nope.7 points · 1 comment Justin Amash and Thomas Massie stand watch over the House today to ensure no Patriot Act extension is enacted while the rest of Congress is on vacation9 points Christie Should Really Stop Bragging About That Time He Used the PATRIOT Act to Entrap an Idiot18 points · 13 comments The US state of Nebraska abolished the death penalty Wednesday, overriding the governor’s veto and making it the 19th state in the country to ban capital punishment.6 points Assange: TPP is Backdoor to Regulating Internet in Developing World274275276The NY Times labels the pro-gay marriage, pro-marijuana legalization, pro-immigration liberalization Cato Institute "ultraconservative" (mediaite.com)submitted 1 year ago by Cletus_Starfishcosmotarian129 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: besttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomq&ayou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–]pyroko 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onThe NYT probably considers anyone who doesn't have a personal statue of Lenin to be ultraconservative.
permalinkembedsavegive gold[–]flipmode_squad -1 points0 points1 point 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onnice derp
permalinkembedsaveparentgive goldaboutblogaboutvaluesteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpsite rulesFAQwikireddiquettetransparencycontact usapps & toolsAlien Blue iOS appreddit AMA appmobile betabuttons<3reddit goldreddit storeredditgiftsreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy {Genitive}. © 2015 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.create a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember meget the best of reddit emailed to you once a week. learn morecreate accountsign inusername:password:remember mereset passwordsign inWe care about your privacy, and we never spam. By creating an account, you agree to reddit's User Agreement and Privacy Policy. We're proud of them, and you should read them.English [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is]italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 300 on app-143 at 2015-05-30 02:39:13.827282+00:00 running 5f113a5 country code: US.

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zdiggler comments on Leather book of dials and numbers found in a safe in my late grandfather's tool shed. Any ideas?jump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | funny-AskReddit-food-books-aww-WritingPrompts-listentothis-pics-Art-news-dataisbeautiful-television-EarthPorn-Fitness-worldnews-Documentaries-videos-DIY-sports-personalfinance-LifeProTips-todayilearned-history-IAmA-GetMotivated-space-gifs-tifu-nottheonion-askscience-nosleep-Jokes-Futurology-creepy-TwoXChromosomes-science-Music-OldSchoolCool-InternetIsBeautiful-mildlyinteresting-UpliftingNews-Showerthoughts-philosophy-photoshopbattles-gaming-movies-gadgets-explainlikeimfivemore » whatisthisthingcommentsrelatedother discussions (1)want to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/whatisthisthinguse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 07 Mar 2013629 points (98% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postwhatisthisthingsubscribeunsubscribe117,446 readers514 users here nowSubmission Tips How to mark a case Solved Remember to subscribe! -->
created by Thumperingsa community for 4 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSThumperingsI_Me_MinenekosjhillTheothorroastedbagelAutoModerator-MikeeIt's never lupus. Except that one time.piss_n_bootsverdatum...and 1 more »628629630Leather book of dials and numbers found in a safe in my late grandfather's tool shed. Any ideas? (imgur.com)submitted 1 year ago by electroacoustics179 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–]zdiggler 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onask long as if OP doesn't drill the box and sniff the powders he'll be fine. permalinkparentaboutblogaboutteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpwikiFAQreddiquetterulescontact ustoolsmobilefirefox extensionchrome extensionbuttonswidget<3reddit goldstoreredditgiftsreddit AMA appreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. © 2014 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.close this windowyou'll need to login or register to do thatcreate a new accountall it takes is a username and passwordprivacy philosophy
username:try anotheravailable!account recovery email: (optional)we only send email at your requestpassword:verify password:remember mecreate accountis it really that easy? only one way to find out...loginalready have an account and just want to login?username:password:remember merecover passwordloginclose this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 32452 on app-243 at 2014-09-30 14:14:37.677147+00:00 running 6bc4f50 country code: US.


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How Burundi's crisis began, and why it matters | Daily Mail Online
Published: 13:39 EST, 18 December 2015 | Updated: 13:39 EST, 18 December 2015
Small destitute Burundi, a central African nation marked by a troubled ethnic history and a deadly civil war, has been mired for eight months in a deepening political crisis that the African Union fears could trigger a genocide.
The Burundi crisis began on April 25 when President Pierre Nkurunziza, who had been in office since 2005, said he planned to run for a third term ©Tony Karumba (AFP/File)
An activist holding a placard reading "ICC arrest Nkurunziza now" protests in the Kenyan capital of Nairobi on December 18, 2015, against recent killings in neighbouring Burundi by government forces ©Tony Karumba (AFP)
This picture from April 19, 1994 shows a Rwandan family crossing Lake Cohaha, fleeing ethnic massacres and seeking refuge near Ceru, Burundi, some 200 km north-west of Bujumbura ©Pascal Guyot (AFP/File)

value: This website is the website of the Daily Mail, a newspaper in the United Kingdom, and of its sister paper The Mail on Sunday. MailOnline is a division of dmg media, which is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc.


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Bruce A. Muggenburg - Semantic Scholar
Bruce A. Muggenburg
N William Milgram62
Fletcher F Hahn55
Elizabeth Head52
Carl W. Cotman43
David E Bice40
97Norton W. Milgram
90Elizabeth Head
89Carl W. Cotman
87Joseph A. Araujo
85Wycliffe Omondi Opii
The effectiveness of two interventions, dietary fortification with antioxidants and a program of behavioral enrichment, was assessed in a longitudinal study of cognitive aging in beagle dogs. A… (More)
Several studies converge on the idea that executive processes age earlier than other cognitive processes. As part of a larger effort to investigate age-related changes in executive processes in the… (More)
Advanced age is accompanied by cognitive decline indicative of central nervous system dysfunction. One possibly critical causal factor is oxidative stress. Accordingly, we studied the effects of… (More)
Elizabeth Head, Heather Callahan, Bruce A. Muggenburg, Carl Cotman, Norton William Milgram
Young, middle-aged, and old beagle dogs were tested on several visual-discrimination tasks: reward- and object-approach learning, object discrimination and reversal, long-term retention of a reversal… (More)
M Y Su, Elizabeth Head, +6 authors Orhan Nalcioglu
Dogs exhibit both neuroanatomical and cognitive changes as a function of age that parallel those seen in aging humans. This study describes in vivo changes in neuroanatomical and cerebrovascular… (More)
The landmark discrimination learning test can be used to assess the ability to utilize allocentric spatial information to locate targets. The present experiments examined the role of various factors… (More)
Elizabeth Head, Jiankang Liu, +4 authors Carl Cotman
We assayed levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and both oxidized and reduced glutathione to study the link between oxidative damage, aging and… (More)
Carl Cotman, Elizabeth Head, Bruce A. Muggenburg, Steven C. Zicker, Norton William Milgram
Animal models that simulate various aspects of human brain aging are an essential step in the development of interventions to manage cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. Over the past several years… (More)
Proteomic identification of brain proteins in the canine model of human aging following a long-term treatment with antioxidants and a program of behavioral enrichment: relevance to Alzheimer's…
Wycliffe Omondi Opii, Gururaj Joshi, +6 authors David Butterfield
Aging and age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are usually accompanied by oxidative stress as one of the main mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.… (More)
Per Gerde, Bruce A. Muggenburg, Margot Lundborg, Ashley R. Dahl
Exposure to diesel exhaust may contribute to lung cancer in humans. It remains unclear whether the carbonaceous core of the soot particle or its coat of adsorbed/condensed organics contributes most… (More)

value: This website is an artificial-intelligence backed search engine for academic publications developed at the Allen Institute for AI and publicly released in November 2015. It uses advances in natural language processing to provide summaries for scholarly papers.


text:
Child in critical condition after dog attack in Chatham | Daily Mail Online
Toddler Victoria Resetnjova left with 'very serious injuries' after being attacked by a pitbull in Chatham
The little girl, who is believed to be about 18 months old, was taken to a London hospital by air ambulance
Three people have been arrested by Kent Police and have been taken into custody for questioning
Mother-of-five Katy Ayres has claimed the same dog had attacked her son Charlie 24 hours before attack
Did you see the attack or the aftermath? Call 020 3615 1866 or email martin.robinson@mailonline.co.uk
Published: 14:56 EDT, 4 April 2017 | Updated: 13:37 EDT, 6 April 2017
A toddler who was savaged by a dog as she played on a slide with her sister has been named locally as 18-month-old Victoria Resetnjova.
She was bitten in the face and thrown in the air by the head 'like a toy' in the Jenkins' Dale area of Chatham, Kent just before 5.30pm yesterday.
The little girl had been playing with her 14-year-old sister Kristina and was flown to St George's Hospital in London by air ambulance after being pulled from the dog's jaws by up to six other bloodied children before armed police shot it dead.
Victoria's parents, Sergei and Valentina Resetnjova, are believed to be at her bedside - Mr Resetnjova answered his mobile phone this afternoon but said: 'I've got no comment.'
One witness told MailOnline: 'The dog ran into the park and attacked the girl under the slide. It was going for her head all the time, grabbed her and threw her up two or three times like she was a toy. It was brutal'.
Today mother-of-five Katy Ayres claims same dog had 'pinned down' her son Charlie 24 hours before and said: 'It scratched his leg - but the little girl, it ripped holes in her head'.
Three people - a man, a woman and a teenage girl - have been arrested by Kent Police under the Dangerous Dogs Act. Enquiries are ongoing to establish the breed of the dog.
A spokesman said: 'The child continues to be treated for very serious injuries, but these are no longer described as life threatening'.
Crime scene: This is the playground slide where the toddler was playing when she was mauled by the dog in front of at least six other terrified children (pictured today)
Call 020 3615 1866 or email martin.robinson@mailonline.co.uk
The little girl is believed to have been in the park with a babysitter and her parents are thought to have been at work at the time of the attack.
Mother-of-five Katy Ayres believes the same dog had attacked her son Charlie on Monday.
James Hamilton, who lives in a flat overlooking the play area said the dog - believed to be a staffer pitbull cross, had been in the park for most of the day on Tueaday.
He said: 'I saw the dog with the child in its mouth.
'My partner Clare had seen the dog pick up the girl and drop her twice. I saw it do it another time. It was shaking her around.
Mr Hamilton said police then arrived at the scene but the dog kept getting loose.
He added: 'A lad was holding the dog on a lead by now. It was just standing there. The police came and I told them it needed to be put down. They said it will be done.
'It kept getting loose from my It's collar and then they shot it.'
Mr Hamilton said the dog had been running around in the park earlier in the day and said: 'My partner had seen the dog at the park in the day.It was running around. It wasn't on a lead'.
Witness Alisha Robinson said: 'They said we need lots of towels because she is losing a lot of blood. They were trying to keep her alive. You couldn't see her face, she was covered in blood. Then her mum came up screaming, that did it for me, I wanted to cry. People were throwing blankets from the balcony above because she was cold'.
A family friend said he was 'absolutely shocked' by the attack.
He wrote on social media: 'Hoping the little girl, who I will not name, is OK and is in the best possible care.
'I'm with the sister now who is shocked and shaken. Never jumped out of the car so fast once i knew what was going on.'
Local MP Tracey Crouch said: 'Horrible news from Chatham this evening. My thoughts and prayers are with the child and their family.'
Shopkeeper Ugir Hisir told KentOnline today that the dog's owner comes in most days buy Rizlas with the pitbull and said it is: 'Crazy, aggressive and very strong'.
A Kent Police spokesman confirmed that firearms officers shot the dog dead.
He said: 'Kent Police was called at 5.26pm on Tuesday 4 April 2017 to an incident in the Jenkins Dale area of the town. The child, of toddler age, had suffered serious injuries and was taken by ambulance crews to a London hospital.
'Following the incident, police, including firearms officers, attended the scene and to ensure public safety the dog was shot dead. A man and a teenager, both from Chatham, were arrested under the Dangerous Dogs Act and remain in custody.
'On Wednesday 5 April, a woman from Chatham was also arrested in connection with the incident. Enquiries are ongoing to establish the breed of the dog'.
Two people were arrested in connection with the attack and remain in police custody pending further enquiries
The South East Coast Ambulance Service and the Kent, Surrey and Sussex Air Ambulance also attended and the injured child was airlifted to a London hospital in a critical condition.
Child in critical condition after dog attack in Chatham


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rocky bullwinkle in Collectibles | eBay
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Published: 13:35 EST, 10 June 2013 | Updated: 16:30 EST, 10 June 2013
Just hours after Edward Snowden revealed himself as the whistleblower behind the National Security Agency leaks, the internet was giggling with praise - but not only for his decision to spill the secrets.
Social network users gushed over the 29-year-old technical assistant, complementing his glasses as 'geek hot' and lauding his actions as 'heroic' and 'brave'.
'Edward Snowden is Geek Hot,' one Twitter user gushed. 'I'd move to Hong Kong to be with him' - a reference to Snowden's hiding place.
Fans: A tumblr website praising Edward Snowden as 'Kinda Hot' popped up within hours of him emerging at the NSA whistleblower. 'Because civil liberties' it explained
'I know I should get past the "Edward Snowden looks totally hot" thing and focus on the issues,' another added. 'Maybe I'll get round to that next week.'
One Twitter user joked that the whistleblower could 'blow my whistle', while another on Tumblr added: 'If you're hiding from the government just get in my pants.'
'Paranoid' whistleblower flees his Hong Kong hotel room:... US senators demand 'traitor' NSA whistleblower be extradited...
A blog named 'Edward Snowden, kinda hot' was set up soon after his interview with The Guardian newspaper, with a simple explanation: 'Because civil liberties'.
On websites including Tumblr, support began to show for Snowden in other ways, as users uploaded pictures of 'Team Edward' t-shirts and memes praising his decision.
Enamored: Fans flocked to Twitter to praise Snowden, who appeared in an interview with the Guardian, as 'hot'
One image read: 'Makes $200k, lives in Hawaii. Gives it up to be whistleblower.'
He had access to the NSA's top secrets after a steep rise to work for government contractor Booz Allen Hamilton, which paid him $200,000 a year to work on the the agency's computer systems.
Explaining why he decided to leave the U.S., he said: 'I don't want to live in a society that does these sort of things... I do not want to live in a world where everything I do and say is recorded.'
Support: Many fans praised Snowden's decision to leak the information as brave and voiced their support
Praise: Memes of Snowden have also began to surface, praising how he gave up a comfortable life
'I think the sense of outrage that has been expressed is justified,' he said. 'It has given me hope that, no matter what happens to me, the outcome will be positive for America.'


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EMC Jobs, Employment in Maitland, FL
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( 17 reviews ) Cocoa, United States
Project ID: #20068225

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Peroxisomal disorders: the single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies. - PubMed - NCBI
AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 17055078FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowBiochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Dec;1763(12):1707-20. Epub 2006 Aug 23.Peroxisomal disorders: the single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies.Wanders RJ1, Waterham HR.Author information1Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. r.j.wanders@amc.uva.nlAbstractPeroxisomal disorders are a group of inherited diseases in man in which either peroxisome biogenesis or one or more peroxisomal functions are impaired. The peroxisomal disorders identified to date are usually classified in two groups including: (1) the disorders of peroxisome biogenesis, and (2) the single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies. This review is focused on the second group of disorders, which currently includes ten different diseases in which the mutant gene affects a protein involved in one of the following peroxisomal functions: (1) ether phospholipid (plasmalogen) biosynthesis; (2) fatty acid beta-oxidation; (3) peroxisomal alpha-oxidation; (4) glyoxylate detoxification, and (5) H2O2 metabolism.PMID: 17055078 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free full textSharePublication Types, MeSH Terms, SubstancesPublication TypesResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tReviewMeSH TermsFatty Acids/metabolism*Glyoxylates/metabolism*HumansHydrogen Peroxide/metabolismOxidation-ReductionPeroxisomal Disorders/etiologyPeroxisomal Disorders/genetics*Peroxisomal Disorders/metabolismPeroxisomes/enzymology*Plasmalogens/metabolism*SubstancesFatty AcidsGlyoxylatesPlasmalogensHydrogen Peroxideglyoxylic acidLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesElsevier ScienceMiscellaneousHYDROGEN PEROXIDE - Hazardous Substances Data BankGLYOXYLIC ACID - Hazardous Substances Data BankPubMed Commons home

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Google Responds to FTC Concerns, Makes Voluntary Changes | Fox News
Google has agreed to change certain business practices to resolve the FTC's competition concerns after a 19-month review process. Investigations included Google's purchase of Motorola in 2012, during which it acquired a number of patents related to what the FTC called the "cornerstone of the interoperability standards." The FTC was concerned that, without intervention, Google's patent holdings and practices could "stifle competition in the markets for popular devices such as smart phones, tablets and gaming consoles."
Additionally, Google is implementing two voluntary changes that are unrelated. The first is that websites will now be able to opt-out of Google Search as well as remove content from specialized search results pages. The second change will allow advertisers to use the AdWords API to "mix and copy ad campaign data within third-party services."
Somewhat surprisingly, the FTC made no ruling regarding Google's promotion of their own content over that of their competitors. There have been no signs of search bias, or the manipulation of algorithms to unfairly affect the order in which search results are displayed. Google's "direct answers" feature, which provides an answer alongside search results for popular questions, is not considered to be anti-competitive and will continue growing in 2013.

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Map, New York, Rockland County, Hudson Highlands, Available Online, Rockford County, Fort Montgomery, Maps, Manuscript, Fort Clinton, N.Y. (Rockford Co.), Library of Congress Online Catalog | Library of Congress
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Amazon.com: Customer reviews: Lenovo B590 Windows 7 i5 15.6-Inch Laptop (Black) 59410449
5.0 out of 5 starsPerfect out of the box!
ByJeanette S Cates, PhDon April 18, 2014
I had just had a very bad experience with another brand's laptop, so I opened this one with trepidation.
It immediately found and connected to my wireless network. I plugged in my external monitor and it immediately recognized it and recommended the correct resolution.
The keyboard on this computer is the best I've used. Good action and fast.
Everything I've done with this computer over the past few days has worked the first time. Not once have I had to go looking for solutions online. Highly recommended!
3.0 out of 5 starsThe Good, The Bad and The Horrible
BySMN, MDon July 4, 2014
No need to discuss the computer specs as they speak for themselves. This is a mid-level entry laptop for home or small business use so if anyone is concerned about processing speed or hard disk capacity you don't need to worry. The overall speed and disk size is more than sufficient for the average consumer. Anyone who wants something lightning fast with lots of bells and whistles wouldn't be looking at a $520 laptop. Having said that here are the pros and cons as I see them.
I just purchased several of these laptops 10 days ago to replace my SONY VAIO laptops which have been in continuous use since 2008. The SONYs have been working just fine but they are running XP SP3. If websites, hardware and software companies weren't dropping support for XP I would continue using them. However that's not the case. I have been using XP since 2001 so it's not like I didn't get good use out of the OS. Since I absolutely loath Windows 8 my back was against a wall with very few choices. I wanted Windows 7 and figured I'd better act now before that OS is totally pulled off the market.
I did my due diligence and after much searching found that Lenovo is pretty much the only manufacturer that still sells laptops with Windows 7. If you are looking to avoid Windows 8, Lenovo is pretty much your only option. Microsoft has already discontinued Windows 7 so whatever is out there is out there. It won't be long until laptops with Windows 7 are just as impossible to find as laptops with XP. So if that's your goal and since retail stores (like Best Buy) do not carry any laptops with Windows 7, then just buy this, sight unseen, like I did.
1) OS is Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bit
2) The CPU speed is sufficient, the RAM is sufficient and HDD is sufficient for the vast majority of users
3) Has all desired ports desired by the average consumer (i.e. two USB 2, two USB 3, HDMI, SD Memory Card, VGA, mic/headphone combo and a few others)
4) Has a DVD/CD drive which seems to be moving toward extinction like the old floppy A drives
5) The price is reasonable for what is out there. Used laptops with Win 7 HP 64 bit on eBay (regardless of brand) are priced in the same ballpark. People are realizing that they need to act soon before Windows 7 goes bye-bye and so the price is holding steady right now but I would not be surprised if by Black Friday the cost of this laptop (which is now $520) goes up past $700 and by next year, as Windows 7 is even harder to come by, the price surpasses $900. Folks, this is a $500-$550 laptop. If the price does jump as I think it will, keep in mind that it's not because it's a great unit - it's supply and demand.
If you look at the laptop without touching it, it looks sleek and dare I say a bit elegant in its simplistic design. HOWEVER looks are deceiving. Once you put you hands on it you're likely to feel disappointed.
1) It is constructed out of flimsy black plastic that feels cheaply made. The edges are sharp and rough - so much so that if you use this laptop on your lap with your forearms resting on the edge of the laptop, your forearms will get red, irritated and possibly cut from the rough edges That is what happened to me. To make it tolerable I had to put electrical tape over the edges. Why they did not round the edges or smooth them is beyond me but it's these simple things that the end user notices that the designers always overlook.
2) The plastic is so thin and weak that I can assure you that if you accidently drop it, drop something on it or even bang it slightly (even if it's in a case) the plastic will crack. IT IS that cheaply made. This laptop needs to be handled delicately like an egg. If you plan on traveling with this unit make sure it's packed well with bubble wrap and be very careful.
3) The DVD/CD tray is also very flimsy. Be gentle when opening and closing or it will break.
4) They keyboard is smaller than a standard keyboard. If you're used to typing on a phone you probably won't mind. Also if your hands are the size of a 10-year-old girl's hands you probably won't mind. I have average sized hands and find the keyboard cramped. Like most people who know how to type (or play the piano as another example) once you put your fingers on the keyboard you don't have to look down that often to know where the keys are in order to type. With this keyboard design you do. Because the keys are smaller and cramped together if you attempt to type blindly with normal positioning of your fingers as you would on a full size keyboard, you're going to wind up typing gibberish. The reason for the cramped keyboard is because someone thought it was a good idea to put a dedicated number keypad on the right side. Unless you're an accountant or actuary most people do not need this feature, but since it is not an option, the rest of us who prefer a standard sized keyboard with normal sized keys are out of luck.
Last but not Least the Horrible:
I have to admit that when I read Lenovo offered 24/7 support I was intrigued. Things rarely happen Monday though Friday from 9 - 5. However, their tech support is as bad as it gets. Yes they have someone answering a phone but you better brush up on your foreign language skills because you are only going to speak with someone in the Philippines, Costa Rica or the Dominican Republic. There are no support centers in the US. But put aside the communication barrier, the reps (or at least the ones I spoke with) lack basic computer trouble shooting skills, training and knowledge.
I called multiple times this past week because I wanted to test the quality of their support. I spoke with 10 reps over 2 days both in the software division and the hardware division (they would transfer me back and forth.) Each rep was told the same story. "I just ran the Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bit First Time Installation Setup program that comes preinstalled on the computer without any issues but I can't print anything" - short, simple and to the point.
The five reps I spoke with in the software division all told me to "uninstall and reinstall" the entire OS from the recovery partition as the first step to attempt to resolve my printing problem. Their script specifically said to have the customer uninstall and reinstall the software. The five reps I spoke with in the hardware division advised me how to go about sending the laptop in for repair.
The solution to my printing issue scenario - TURN THE PRINTER ON! Not a single person asked me if the printer was plugged in, turned on, connected to the laptop or even if it had paper. Not a single person asked me what I was trying to print. Not a single person asked me to check printer settings or program settings. And no one ever asked me to try to print a test page directly from the printer to confirm the printer was working. These are basic trouble shooting steps. Several reps actually said that my problem was beyond their ability. One told me that if I wanted to have the issue resolved I would need to speak with a level 2 support rep. I told her to transfer me and I'd be happy to speak with a level 2 support rep. Then she asked me how I wanted to pay for it. It turns out you have to purchase a yearly subscription to speak with someone in level 2 support (even if the laptop is brand new and just 1 hour out of the box.) After giving them sufficient time to try to resolve my issue I eventually told each rep that I figured out what the problem was - "Oh... I forgot to turn the printer on." In almost every case, each rep said they were glad THEY were able to resolve my issue and that I should call back if I need additional support. Seriously? THEY resolved my issue? If I left it up to THEM I'd be either reinstalling software or shipping my new laptop in for repair.
As long as you have a basic understanding of computers and know how to search the internet don't let the 24/7 tech support play a role in your decision because the best support you're going to get will be from other users posting questions and answers in chat forums and not from their tech support reps.
This laptop has decent hardware and performs well but is it is poorly designed and encased in cheap crappy plastic that is bound to crack, snap or break. If I had seen it in the store would I have still purchased it? Well, right now in mid 2014 the answer is yes only because I wanted Windows 7 and this was the only item on the menu. Would I have purchased it if it was 2010 and laptops with Windows 7 were available everywhere and offered by every OEM - not a chance in hell.
And BTW - it doesn't matter if you select this model or the i3 or the least expensive B590 (which is currently $379.99) - The guts may be different but the outer casing is the same cheap crap black plastic.
It is now July 27, 2014 and I have had roughly 5 weeks to "test drive" this laptop.
Here is some additional info that you may find helpful.
1) Despite my dislike of the "cramped keyboard" you will get used to it no differently then you get used to using a new remote control for the new TV you purchased. After a while you adapt.
2) The overall performance of the laptop will satisfy almost everyone looking for a Win 7 OS in this price range. Your processing speed is going to be hindered most by the type of programs you use. It's a game of Catch 22... Let me elaborate - Since the systems they now build have larger HDD, more RAM and faster processors software developers take advantage of this and create larger programs with more bells and whistles. As a side effect this consumes more of your resources and so you don't really get to see as much of an increase in processing speed as you would think. I have found that those programs I used with XP (some of which were also compatible with Win 98) fly like "a bat out of hell." More recently released programs/versions run more slowly. Just as an example - I still use Quicken 2000, MS Office 2003, Adobe Acrobat 9 and Adobe Photoshop Elements 5 and 7 . With these programs I AM the rate limiting factor since the programs run faster than I can respond. When using Acrobat X and above, Photoshop Elements 10 and MS Office 2010 and above the programs are the rate limiting factor due to all the add-ons and extra features all of which I don't want, need, use or even care about.
3) The edges are still sharp and the plastic still feels fragile but I did not expect either of those to change.
4) Tech Support unfortunately remains non-existent. I thought I would give them another chance since they failed miserably as noted in my initial review. When you call they will ask for your model number. Then all they do is read to you from the instruction manual that pertains to your specific model. Seriously... THEY READ TO YOU DIRECTLY FROM THE SAME MANUAL YOU ALREADY HAVE. I told the rep I know how to read and that the answer to my question is not in the manual. She then started typing and believe it or not all she did was a Google Search. She then read to me word for word the results of her search. I know because I did the same search and was reading from my Google Search results the same exact thing she was reading to me. This leads me to conclude that they don't provide legitimate support. The rep specifically told me that the only information they have at their disposal is the manual and whatever they can find on the internet. They do not have access to any internal documents or other sources of information which might provide information not available elsewhere.
1) You will get used to the keyboard
2) If the programs that you used with Windows XP worked well for you and suited your needs then don't upgrade just because you can. Continue using them as you will see better performance using those programs than you will using the most recent versions.
3) If you really find yourself in a jam and truly need tech support from Lenovo you're gonna be SOL (S*** Outta Luck). You'll get better and more accurate support calling you're 12 year old nephew or your neighbor's kid.
4) The price has dropped $20 since the time of my purchase so don't sit on the fence too long debating in your mind whether or not to get one of these laptops. If you want to hold off as long as possible moving to Windows 8 or changing to a MAC then you really don't have much of a choice. Windows 7 as I mentioned is already obsolete. The buffet of Win 7 OS OEMs no longer exists.
5) And lastly, for those who want to know about increasing RAM, gigabit adapters, docking stations and gaming, the reason this selection of B590s are priced as they are is because they are BASIC, simple, bare-bones laptops. If you plan on adding additional RAM, changing the HDD to a SSDD and adding additional hardware for graphics you're defeating the purpose of buying an inexpensive laptop. When all is said and done, your total out of pocket expenses will be more if you make those upgrades yourself than if you just spent the money outright on a system that already had the things you wanted.
The reason I gave it 3 stars was as follows
Computer price, processing speed and features gets 4 1/2 stars
Cheap feeling design and sharp edges gets 2 stars.
Technical support gets 0 stars
End result was 3 stars because I did not want to turn people off totally to this laptop simply because the technical support is HORRIBLE! I am very computer literate and probably will never need Lenovo tech support but it would have been nice to know it was out there if I ever did.
Hope this update helped. Sorry for any typos :)
**** IF YOU DID NOT FIND THIS REVIEW HELPFUL PLEASE LET ME KNOW WHERE IT FELL SHORT SO I CAN PROVIDE MORE HELPFUL REVIEWS IN THE FUTURE ****
1414 comments| 125 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
1.0 out of 5 starsWaste of money and incompetant repair service
Bymr daniel arceon October 24, 2014
WARNING - Do not buy this. It's a piece of junk. From day one, the WIFI receiver regularly loses connection.. It does a worse job than my old Toshiba laptop. The connectivity issues are apparently very common, just google 'lenovo b590 wifi problem ' to see for yourself.. I've tried every suggested forum fix and it hasn't solved the problem. As if that's not aggravating enough, after 4 months of use the laptop started to randomly turn itself off. The temperature readings were all normal and the unit was cool to the touch.
I contacted customer services, filled out a form mentioning the issues I had with the laptop, and posted (at my own expense) the unit back to Lenovo for repair.. They had it for a single day and then shipped it back to me... They bought it back formatted, with the same WIFI problems there when I connected to the net.. and after a few hours it started to SHUT DOWN AGAIN randomly. Sometimes it repeatedly shuts down meaning you can't even get past windows startup.
So the repair guys did absolutely nothing to fix the problem, and after speaking to a supervisor on the phone about replacing the unit, they said 'Sorry we don't do that.' All they said they could do was put it on high priority for repair.. I'm posting it back to them again tomorrow. Will keep you updated on how it goes..
5.0 out of 5 starsLenovo B590 laptop purchase
ByD. Weberon May 13, 2014
Computer's great except for one small thing...Apparently the touchpad cannot be permanently disabled. At least I haven't been able to find a way. Needs to be re-disabled each time computer is turned on. Real pain in the rear needing to do that, plus even more of a pain in the rear trying to type text with touchpad turned on (unwanted random cursor jumps).
1.0 out of 5 starsWindows not legitimate???
Bydesertsandon May 26, 2017
This is a terrific laptop, however I have had issues continually with the Microsoft Windows 7 license. Microsoft says this Windows 7 Ultimate installation is not legitimate or genuine. What to do???
4.0 out of 5 starsGood for Average User
ByCaddarenon August 23, 2015
Overall this laptop has suited me very well. I bought it about a year ago in preparation to go to college and it has served me well since then. It works just fine with Windows 7,8, or 10, from my experience, and it's never crashed.
However, the start up time is slow (a real annoyance if you're in a hurry) and the average battery life, for me running Microsoft word and Itunes only, is about 3 hours as opposed to the advertised five hours. It's a tough and reliant laptop, for sure, perfect for someone who wants to get the job done and have a bit of power behind the keyboard, but depending on your demands it might be better for you to shell out a couple hundred more and get something better.
Oh, and sometimes the camera, speakers, and microphone don't work. I have no idea why, and it's completely random.
I bought this laptop in May of 2014 and kept it in my summer house which I used only on weekends for in the summer. Earlier this summer of 2016, the battery could no longer hold a charge and it needed to be kept plugged in all the time. Then the keyboard began experiencing problems with no ability to print out the number 6 or the symbol for a question mark. In effect, the computer had less than 6 months of actual use and it really can't function. I feel that I paid more for a Lenovo than an HP or Dell and I got a real lemon and there is no recourse to having this resolved. Well Lenovo, never again......
4.0 out of 5 starsInstant Resume feature is a pain
ByDaveon May 25, 2014
After about one month, this laptop has met all of my expectations. Speed is excellent. One feature that bugs me is the Instant Resume. It disconnects the wi-fi connection after a programmable number of minutes of unuse or "sleep." This is supposed to be a security factor allowing the user to move from room to room or meeting to meeting. I use my laptop basically like a desktop PC and this feature is a pain! Otherwise, great laptop! I do mostly web surfing and word processing - no games at all.
BySam Ismy Dogon April 19, 2014
I really have nothing bad to say about this computer. I purchased it when I was sure that Microsoft would not back off from their arbitrary end date for XP. Not wanting (or needing) a touch screen machine and needing some additional processing power, this Lenovo fits the bill. I paid $40 less for it than the current price and I guess that has to do with supply and demand. It was a short learning curve to move from XP to Windows 7 and I transferred data using a Clickfree backup device. The Lenovo doesn't seem quite as sturdy as the Compaq I was previously using, but, again, I have nothing bad to say about this computer.
1.0 out of 5 starsInfected Immediately
Byinkyon March 21, 2017
My computer came infected upon opening it up. I took it it a computer place and they said I had over 340 viruses on my laptop that they took off immediately. I should have returned the laptop. Stupidly I have kept it but it's given me nothing but major issues since day one.
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