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Patent US20100141466 - System and method for automatic detection of fiber and copper in data switch ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA system and method automatically maintains data indicating a type of transmission medium connected at a port in a data switch device. The method comprises reading first transmission medium type data representing whether a first transmission medium type is connected to the port. A check is performed...http://www.google.com/patents/US20100141466?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20100141466 - System and method for automatic detection of fiber and copper in data switch systemsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20100141466 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/116,899Publication dateJun 10, 2010Filing dateApr 5, 2002Priority dateApr 5, 2002Publication number10116899, 116899, US 2010/0141466 A1, US 2010/141466 A1, US 20100141466 A1, US 20100141466A1, US 2010141466 A1, US 2010141466A1, US-A1-20100141466, US-A1-2010141466, US2010/0141466A1, US2010/141466A1, US20100141466 A1, US20100141466A1, US2010141466 A1, US2010141466A1InventorsMary Thanhhuong Thi Nguyen, Patrick Chung-You LiuOriginal AssigneeMary Thanhhuong Thi Nguyen, Patrick Chung-You LiuExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (3), Classifications (9), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem and method for automatic detection of fiber and copper in data switch systems
US 20100141466 A1Abstract
A system and method automatically maintains data indicating a type of transmission medium connected at a port in a data switch device. The method comprises reading first transmission medium type data representing whether a first transmission medium type is connected to the port. A check is performed to determine whether a stored first transmission medium value is updated based at least in part on the first transmission medium type data, the first transmission medium value representing whether the first transmission medium type is actively connected. The method also involves reading second transmission medium type data representing whether a second transmission medium type is connected to the port. A check is performed to determine whether a stored second transmission medium value is updated based at least in part on the second transmission medium type data, the second transmission medium value representing whether the second transmission medium type is actively connected.
a link data register maintained in a memory space of a volatile memory and adapted to store data; and
at least one electronic device adapted to provide an output that represents whether a first transmission medium type or a second transmission medium type is connected to the at least one port, the provided output being based on the data stored in the link data register,
wherein the network device further includes program code executable by a processor to read the data stored in the link data register and to control the at least one electronic device to provide said output.
31. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the stored data indicates a presence of flow through the at least one port, the apparatus further comprising a processor adapted to read the data stored in the link data register and adapted to determine, based on the stored data that indicates the presence of data flow through the at least one port, whether the first transmission medium type or the second transmission medium type is actively connected to the at least one port.
32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the processor is further adapted to determine whether the first transmission media type or the second transmission media type has been removed from the at least one port.
33. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the network device includes a data switch device.
34. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the at least one port includes a first port adapted to have connected thereto the first transmission medium type and a second port adapted to have connected thereto the second transmission media type, wherein the at least one electronic device includes a first electronic device and a second electronic device respectively corresponding to the first port and to the second port.
35. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the at least one indicator includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) adapted to generate light as said provided output.
36. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the first transmission medium type includes optical fiber and wherein the second transmission medium type includes copper.
a link data register maintained in a memory space of a volatile memory and adapted to store data indicative of presence of data flow through the at least one port; and
at least one electronic device adapted to provide an output that represents whether a first transmission medium type or a second transmission medium type is connected to the at least one port, the provided output being based on the stored data indicative of presence of data flow,
38. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the network device includes a data switch device.
39. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the first transmission medium type includes optical fiber and wherein the second transmission medium type includes copper.
40. The apparatus of claim 37, further comprising a processor adapted to read the data stored in the link data register and adapted to determine, based on the read stored data indicative of presence of data flow, whether the first transmission medium type or the second transmission medium type is connected to the at least one port.
41. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein the processor is further adapted to determine whether the first transmission media type or the second transmission media type has been removed from the at least one port.
42. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the at least one port includes a first port adapted to have connected thereto the first transmission medium type and a second port adapted to have connected thereto the second transmission media type, and wherein the at least one electronic device includes a first electronic device and a second electronic device respectively corresponding to the first port and to the second port.
43. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the at least one indicator includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) adapted to generate light as said provided output.
storing, in a link data register maintained in a memory space of a volatile memory of a network device, data indicative of presence of data flow through at least one port of the network device; reading the data stored in the link data register; and if said reading the data determines that data flow through the at least one port is present, providing an output that represents whether a first transmission medium type or a second transmission medium type is connected to the at least one port, wherein the network device further includes program code executable by a processor to perform said reading the data stored in the link data register and to control said providing said output. 45. The method of claim 44 wherein the network device includes a data switch device.
46. The method of claim 44, further comprising determining whether the first transmission media type or the second transmission media type has been removed from the at least one port.
47. The method of claim 44 wherein the first transmission medium type includes optical fiber and wherein the second transmission medium type includes copper.
48. The method of claim 44 wherein said providing the output includes generating light as said provided output.
The invention disclosed herein relates generally to telecommunications and data networks. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods for determining and maintaining the type of transmission medium, e.g., fiber or copper, connected to ports comprising a data switch system.
Ethernet technology is one of the most widely used networking standards across the world. At the heart of this standard is the Carrier Sense Multiple access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol. The CSMA/CD protocol is used to pass messages between computers communicating on a network. One common Ethernet infrastructure, referred to as 10BASE-T, consists of coaxial or twisted pair copper cable that provides transmission speeds up to 10 megabits per second (Mbps). 100BASE-T, also referred to as Fast Ethernet, increases transmission speeds to 100 Mbps. Workstations equipped with 10BASE-T network interfaces may typically connect to a 100BASE-T network, albeit at a transmission ceiling of 10 Mbps.
Advances in Ethernet technology have led to the introduction of Gigabit Ethernet technology, which uses the same frame format and protocol as that introduced in IEEE 802.3, that allows data transmission speeds of up to one gigabit per second; one gigabit is equal to one billion bits. Although Gigabit Ethernet technology may operate with twisted pair transmission media, the most favorable transmission speeds are achieved through the use of optical fiber media. Optical fiber, typically comprising a glass or synthetic fiber consisting of an inner core and outer cladding, is used to carry pulses of light that encode digital data.
Because existing Gigabit Ethernet infrastructure may interface with both fiber and copper transmission media, network administrators or software processes must constantly be aware of the media type connected to any given port on a data switch system. Failing to recognize the type of transmission media connected to a port ultimately results in a highly inefficient use of bandwidth. For example, unaware of the transmission medium connected to a port, a process might schedule video for transmission over a given random port. The high bandwidth video transmission, however, is much better suited for transmission over a fiber connection. Scheduling the video transmission on any given random port results in bandwidth intensive data being transmitted over a copper connection when the possibility exists that a fiber port is available. Likewise, low bandwidth transmissions suited for delivery over a copper connection are transmitted over high bandwidth fiber connections at least a portion of the time.
In order to determine the transmission medium that is connected to any given port in a data switch system, specialized chips have been developed in order to sense the connected media and utilize an appropriate physical interface within the port. One exemplary solution is presented by Marvell International Ltd., which has developed the Alaska Ultra+ Gigabit Ethernet transceiver. According to Marvell, the Alaska Ultra+“automatically senses whether the end-user has inserted a . . . copper or fiber-optic cable, performs Auto-Negotiation and provides seamless ‘plug and play’ configuration.” One overriding deficiency to existing solutions such as the one provided by Marvell, however, is that they do not provide real-time data regarding the overall state of all ports comprising a data switch system or determine whether fiber or copper is actively connected to each port at a given time. Furthermore, these solutions do not take into account situations where media of a particular type is removed from a port.
There is thus a need for a system and method that automatically detects and records changes in the transmission medium attached to the ports comprising a data switch system.
In accordance with the present invention, the above and other problems with existing systems are solved by methods and systems for maintaining transmission medium data for each port in a data switch device. In one aspect of the invention, the data switch device, such as a switch, router, or bridge, contains means for detecting whether fiber or copper has been connected to each of its ports and for storing resulting fiber signal data and copper signal data. A method in accordance with the invention involves, at a regular time interval and for each port, reading the stored fiber signal data and copper signal data and, based at least in part on the read fiber signal data and copper signal data, determining whether fiber or copper is actively connected to each port at a given time. This determination may also be made by reading link data indicating whether the port is active. Temporary storage portions in memory are updated with fiber active connection status data and copper active connection status data for each port, and the fiber active connection status data and copper active connection status data is then stored in a dedicated storage location in memory.
As a result, the data switch device has access to real-time, updated data indicating whether each of its port is connected to a fiber or copper transmission medium. This data may be used, for example, to adjust data transmission rates or allocate ports to different tasks based on their bandwidth requirements.
In some embodiments, the fiber and copper active connection status data is stored in fiber up and copper up registers, respectively, which may be portions of a volatile memory device temporarily assigned and dedicated for this purpose. These fiber up and copper up registers have multiple bits, with each bit representing the fiber or copper connection status, respectively, for a given port. Data in the fiber up and copper up registers is regularly moved into a dedicated hardware register such as an LED device register. This dedicated register has multiple bits, with some bits reserved for storing the fiber status data for the ports and other bits reserved for copper status data.
In alternate embodiments, the processes described herein, including the method just described, are performed by a processor within the data switch executing a software program.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for automatically maintaining data indicating a type of transmission medium connected at a port in a data switch device. The method involves:
(a) reading first transmission medium type data representing whether a first transmission medium type has been connected to the port;
(b) determining whether a stored first transmission medium value is up to date based at least in part on the first transmission medium type data, the first transmission medium value representing whether the first transmission medium type is actively connected to the port, and, if necessary, updating the stored first transmission medium value;
(c) reading second transmission medium type data representing whether a second transmission medium type has been connected to the port; and
(d) determining whether a stored second transmission medium value is up to date based at least in part on the second transmission medium type data, the second transmission medium value representing whether the second transmission medium type is actively connected to the port, and, if necessary, updating the stored second transmission medium value. According to embodiments of the invention, steps (a) through (d) are repeated. Alternatively, steps (a) through (d) may be repeated at regular intervals.
In some embodiments, steps (a) through (d) are continuously repeated while the LQ data switch device is powered on to thereby maintain transmission medium data on a continuous, real-time basis. Also, steps (a) through (e) may be performed for each of a plurality of ports in the data switch device. The steps may be performed in the sequence set forth above for each port, on a port-by-port basis, or steps (a) and (b) may be performed for all the ports followed by steps (c) and (d) being performed for the ports. In some embodiments, the port is initialized to send and receive data over the first transmission medium type if the first transmission medium value needs to be updated to indicate that the first transmission medium is actively connected to the port. This occurs, for example, if the method detects a new fiber connection to the port.
Two transmission medium types which may be detected using the current methodology include optical fiber and copper. The invention may be used to automatically detect more or other different transmission medium types, including two or more different types of fiber, two or more different types of copper, a hybrid fiber-coax connection, and others. When fiber and copper are being detected, the transmission medium type data may be stored in a fiber signal register and a copper signal register. In some embodiments, fiber may be given priority over copper, to the extent that detecting and updating an active copper connection requires a double check on whether the first transmission medium value indicates that fiber is actively connected to the port. The second transmission medium value is updated for a copper connection only if the first transmission medium value indicates that fiber is not actively connected to the port.
The present invention also provides a system for automatically maintaining transmission medium data for a port in a data switch device. The system includes a first register in a memory device for storing a first transmission medium value representing whether a first transmission medium is actively connected to the port and a second register in a memory device for storing a second transmission medium value representing whether a second transmission medium is actively connected to the port. The system further includes a third register located at a dedicated address in a memory device for storing values from the first and second register. Program code, stored in a memory device and executable by a processor, reads first and second transmission medium type data representing whether first and second transmission medium, respectively, has been connected to the port, and, based at least in part of the first and second transmission medium type data, accurately maintains the first and second transmission medium values in the first and second registers, respectively, at a regular time interval.
In some embodiments, the first and second registers each has a plurality of bits, each bit representing the transmission medium value for one of a plurality of ports in the data switch device. The third register has a number of bits at least equal to the numbers of bits in the first and second registers. The bits in the third register may include a first set of bits dedicated to storing first transmission medium values moved from the first register and a second set of bits dedicated to storing second transmission medium values moved from the second register. As a result, different sections of the third register may be accessed separately to determine which transmission medium type is actively connected at a given time.
The system may include a number of other registers, such as a link data register for storing a link data value representing whether the port is active. The stored program code actively maintains the first and second transmission medium values based at least in part on the link data value.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram presenting a 10/100 megabit data switch device;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram presenting a gigabit fiber data switch device;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram presenting a gigabit copper data switch device;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram presenting a hybrid copper/fiber data switch device according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram presenting a scheduler operating according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram presenting a series of data registers for managing and storing the transmission medium connected to a data port according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram presenting a method for initially determining the transmission medium connected to a data port according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram continuing a method for initially determining the transmission medium connected to a data port according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram presenting a process for automatically detecting the type of transmission medium connected to a data port at the time connection is performed, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow diagram presenting a method for automatically detecting and recording a transmission medium change from fiber to copper according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 11 is a flow diagram presenting a method for automatically detecting and recording a transmission medium change from copper to fiber according to one embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to FIGS. 4 through 11, embodiments of the present invention are explained. Turning to FIG. 1, an existing configuration of a 10/100 megabit Ethernet switch is presented. The 10/100 megabit switch 102 comprises a plurality of ports 104, each supplying network connectivity to a connected device (not pictured). Depending on the network interface hardware employed at the connecting device, e.g., a workstation's network interface card, connection speeds are provided that range from 10 million bits per second (10 megabits) to 100 million bits per second (100 megabits). Data switch systems such as these typically utilize twisted pair copper cable terminated with a RJ-45 connector to provide a link between a workstation and the switch 102. Software operating at the switch 102 senses the attached network interface hardware and selects the proper connection speed. Software operating at the switch 102 further detects a connection at a given port 104, which is used to illuminate a light emitting diode (LED) 106 corresponding to the given port 104.
FIGS. 2 and 3 present different versions of existing Gigabit Ethernet data switch systems that may be used to provide connected devices with data transfer rates up to one billion bits per second (one gigabit). FIG. 2 is a Gigabit Ethernet switch 202 that uses a fiber optic transmission medium to transfer data between the switch 202 and a connected device (not pictured). A plurality of ports 204 are provided by the switch 202, each port allowing a fiber optic cable to be connected to the switch 202 at a given port 204. When a fiber optic cable is attached to a given port 204, software operating at the switch 202 detects the connection and illuminates an LED 206 corresponding to the given port 204. Similarly, Gigabit Ethernet switches such as the one presented in FIG. 3 are provided whereby the switch 302 comprises a plurality of ports 304 that each accept a copper cable connection. Software at the switch 302 detects when a copper cable is attached to a given port 304, causing illumination of an LED 306 corresponding to the given port 304.
FIG. 4 illustrates a hybrid data switch system that builds on various existing data switch systems presented in FIGS. 1 through 3. The switch 402 provide a variety of transmission speeds, depending on the network interface employed at the connecting device and the given port on the switch that the device is connected to. The present switch 402 is divided into three regions, 404, 406 and 408, each region providing ports configured to accept different transmission media and provide varying transmission speeds. According to alternative embodiments of the data switch system 402, each port on the switch is operative to accept both copper and fiber optic cable connections and differentiate between the two. As previously described, the Alaska Ultra+Gigabit Ethernet controller by Marvell, a technical specification of which is available at http://www.marvell.com/Products/Doc Files/1897/mv1-88e1011s.pdf and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, is one example of a circuit capable of detecting the type of transmission medium attached to a given port.
The first region 404 provides 10/100 Mbps transmission speeds. Each port 404 a in the region 404 accepts a copper cable, typically fitted with a RJ-45 connector at each end. Software at the switch 402 detects the attachment of a copper connection and illuminates a corresponding LED 404 b. The second region 406 consists of ports 406 a configured to accept fiber optic transmission media, typically providing data transmission rates of up to 1 gigabit. Connection of a fiber optic cable to a given port 406 a causes software at the switch to illuminate an LED 406 b corresponding to the given port. A third region of ports 408 also provides gigabit transmission rates, with each port 408 a configured to accept copper transmission media. As is the case with the other regions, software at the switch detects insertion of a copper connection at a given port 408 a and illuminates a corresponding LED 408 b. Embodiments of the invention also provide for illuminating the LED corresponding to a given port only when there is a live connection. Alternatively, multistate LEDs may be used with one color indicating a link and a second color indicating data transfer. According to still other embodiments, multiple LEDs may be used, e.g., a first LED indicating a link and a second LED indicating data transfer.
In accordance with the invention, a scheduler is employed to determine and record the type of transmission medium attached to a given port on a switch. Turning to FIG. 5, a flow diagram is presented that illustrates a process for checking the availability and type of transmission media at a given port on a data switching system. The scheduling process, which may be executed by software running remotely or on the data switch device, is used to trigger the processes detailed in the figures contained herein. The scheduling process triggers a routine to determine and record the transmission media attached to ports comprising a data switch device that provide gigabit transmission speeds, step 502. The scheduling process also triggers a routine to determine and record the transmission media attached to ports comprising a data switch device that provide megabit transmission speeds, step 504. The process repeats in a cyclical fashion to constantly update a series of registers or data structures that record the transmission medium attached to all ports comprising a data switch device. According to alternative embodiments, the ports providing megabit transmission speeds are checked, step 504, before the ports providing gigabit transmission speeds, step 502.
Maintained within the memory of a data switch device such as those presented in FIGS. 1 through 4 are a series of registers, which are presented in FIG. 6. The registers 604, 606, 608, 610, 612, 614, 616 and 618, are maintained in a permanent and updateable storage space, such as a transient memory circuit or hard disk drive. The memory 602 may be any transient or persistent memory structure. According to one embodiment of the invention, each register comprises a plurality of four bit registers where each bit corresponds to a port on the switch. Four bit groupings are a convenient measure, as many data switch devices comprise ports organized into four port slots. Alternatively, each register may comprise a plurality of eight bit registers, etc. As is explained herein in greater detail, the port mask register 608 is twice the size of the combination of both the fiber up and copper up registers, 604 and 606 respectively. For example, where the fiber up 604 and copper up 606 registers are each four bits, the port mask register 608 is eight bits.
Two registers are provided to track fiber and copper active connection status data, 604 and 606 respectively. Each register 604 and 606 is operative to maintain multiple bits, 604 a and 606 a, wherein each bit represents the fiber or copper connection status, respectively, for a given port. A port mask register 608 is provided as a temporary structure to hold bits representing the transmission media attached to any given port in a data switch device before the data is written to a permanent structure that may be accessed by other processes that require the transmission media information.
Also maintained within the memory space 602 are fiber and copper signal registers, 610 and 612 respectively. Data received by the switch from a circuit operating at each port on the data switch device, e.g., Marvell Alaska Ultra+, indicates whether a given port is connected to fiber or copper transmission media. For a given port, a bit 610 a and 612 a is set in either the fiber 610 or copper 612 signal register, depending on the connected transmission media. Where no transmission media is connected to a given port, the port's entry 610 a and 612 a in both registers 610 and 612 is left empty to indicate that no connection is present.
LED device write and read registers, 614 and 616 respectively, are also provided by the switch and maintained within the memory space 602, which according to some embodiments of the invention is a single dedicated storage location within memory. For a given port, the switch calculates whether the link over the port is up or down. Where the link is up, a bit 616 a is set in the LED device read register 616 to indicate this state. Similarly, the LED device write register 614 maintains a series of bits, the presence or absence of which indicates whether a given port is on or off. Where a given port is on, a bit 614 a is set in the LED device write register 614 to indicate this state. Additionally, a link data register 618 maintains a storage space for each port in the data switch device to record the presence or absence of data flow on a given port. Activity on a given port causes software at the switch to set a bit 618 a in the link data register 618 for the given port, signifying that data is passing through the given port. According to embodiments of the invention, each LED register is associated with an LED or LED mode displayed on the face of a switch and is used to properly set the LED, e.g., a particular color or absence thereof as indicative of the state of the port as manifested by the presence or absence of bits in a given LED register.
The registers provided by the present invention are used by the data switch system to automatically maintain data indicating the type of transmission medium connected at a port in a data switch device. FIG. 7 presents a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method for initially determining the type of transmission medium connected to the ports comprising a data switch device. The method begins with initialization of the data switch device with all bits in the fiber up, copper up, and port mask registers set to a value used by the switch to indicate a false or empty state, step 702. At initialization, the switch also reads the bit values from the LED device read register to determine the ports comprising a physical connection, regardless of the transmission media attached to the port, step 702. The process performs a wait step whereby processing is suspended for a set amount of time, step 704. According to one embodiment of the invention, the wait step suspends processing for one millisecond. Alternatively, the wait step may be set to zero and bypassed altogether.
The process emerges from its wait state upon completion of the wait period, step 704, and a check is performed to determine if there are additional ports for analysis, step 706. Because this is the initial pass and the switch is analyzing the first port in the switch, there will typically be additional ports to analyze, causing the check to return true. Where there are additional ports to analyze, the current port's entry in the fiber signal register is examined to determine if the bit is set for the port, step 708. Where the fiber port signal is not set for the current port, step 708, the port value is increments, step 714, and the process is repeated for the next port in the data switch device.
Where a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 708, a check is performed to determine if a bit is set for the port's entry in both the LED device read register and the link data register, step 710. If there is a matching bit set in the two registers for the given port a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 712. Regardless of whether the port's bit is set in the fiber up register, processing is directed to step 714 where the process is repeated for the next port in the data switch device.
Upon completion of the analysis of whether fiber transmission media is attached to each port in the data switch device, the check calculated at step 706 evaluates to false, causing control to pass to step 716. The port value is reset to the first port in the data switch device so that each port may be reexamined with regard to a copper transmission media connection, step 716. A check is performed to determine if a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, e.g., was copper the last transmission media attached to the selected port, step 718. If the check performed at step 718 evaluates to true, a “double check” is performed by the process to determine if a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 720. Inclusion of this additional check is preferable in order to provide a preference for fiber transmission media connections, which provide superior bandwidth when compared to copper transmission media connection.
Where a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 718, and no bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 720, a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper up register, step 722. Where no bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 718, program flow is directed to step 724 where the value of the current port is incremented and a wait is performed. Similarly, where a bit is set for the port's entry in both the copper and fiber signal registers, steps 718 and 720, the bit is not recorded for the port's entry in the copper up register because of a preference for high bandwidth fiber connections. Program flow is directed to step 724 where the value of the current port is incremented and a wait is performed. The process emerges from the wait state, step 724, and checks to determine if there are additional ports to analyze, step 726. If there are additional ports to analyze, steps 718, 720, 722, and 724 are repeated, otherwise processing is directed to step 728.
The process for initially determining the type of transmission medium connected to the ports comprising a data switch device continues with the flow diagram presented in FIG. 8. Upon completion of the method presented in FIG. 7, each of the fiber up and copper up registers maintained by the data switch system are populated with bits representing the type of transmission medium attached to each port on the data switch device. According to the embodiment of the registers presented in FIG. 6, both the copper up and fiber up registers comprise a plurality of four bit registers. These registers must be integrated to create a unified representation of the four port slot as a whole. Because the port mask register comprises a plurality of eight bit registers, one of the four bit registers, such as the copper up register, must have a bit shift operation applied to shift the bits into a position to occupy the higher four bits of the port mask register. A logical OR is applied to the bits in the fiber up and copper up registers, thereby moving the data into one unified register, step 802.
The bits of a selected register are shifted, and all the bits are copied into the port mask register, step 802. In the manner that the bits are transferred from the fiber and copper up registers into the port mask register, the higher four bits or the port mask register represent one type of transmission medium, e.g., copper, while the lower four bits represent the other transmission medium, e.g., fiber. The integrated port transmission media information is written to the LED device write register for use by applications that require the data, step 804. According to one embodiment, the LED device write register may be used to tell the data switch device which ports should be on or off. The data is written to the LED device write register, step 804, and the process conclude, step 806.
One embodiment of a method for automatically detecting and recording attachment or removal of fiber or copper transmission media is illustrated in FIG. 9. Software operating at the switch reads the bit values from the LED device read register to determine the ports that comprise a physical connection, regardless of the transmission media attached to the port, step 902. The process performs a wait step whereby processing is suspended for a set amount of time, step 904. Alternatively, the wait period may be set to zero, thereby bypassing the wait step.
The process emerges from its wait state upon completion of the wait period, step 904, and a check is performed to determine if there are additional ports for analysis, step 906. Where there are additional ports to analyze, the current port's entry in the fiber signal register is examined to determine if the bit is set for the port, step 908. If the bit is not set for the port in the fiber signal register, step 908, a check is performed to determine if a bit is set in the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 910. If the bit is set, it must be removed because the port is not registering a fiber connection, step 912. Regardless of whether a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, program flow is directed to step 920 where the current port being analyzed incremented and the process is reiterated.
If the bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 908, a check is performed to determine if a bit is correctly set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 914. Where the bit is properly set in the fiber up register, the port value is incremented and the process is reiterated, step 920. Where a bit is not set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, the port is initialized to accommodate a fiber transmission media connection, step 916. Initialization of a port to accommodate a fiber transmission media connection is a vendor specific operation, the details of which are outside the scope of the present disclosure. The port is initialized, step 916, and a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 918. The port value is incremented, step 920, and the process is reiterated.
Upon completion of the analysis of whether fiber transmission media is attached to each port in the data switch device, the check calculated at step 906 evaluates to false, causing control to pass to step 922. The port value is reset to the first port in the data switch device so that each port may be reexamined with regard to a copper transmission media connection, step 922. Where there are additional ports to analyze, step 924, a check is performed to determine if a bit is set in the port's entry in the copper signal register, e.g., was copper the last transmission media attached to the selected port, step 926.
If the bit is not set for the port in the copper signal register, step 926, a check is performed to determine if a bit is set in the port's entry in the copper up register, step 928. If the bit is set, it must be removed because the port is not registering a copper connection, step 930. Regardless of whether a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper up register, program flow is directed to step 938 where the current port being analyzed incremented, a wait is performed and the process is reiterated.
If the bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 926, a check is performed to determine if a bit is correctly set for the port's entry in the copper up register, step 932. Where the bit is set in the copper up register, the port value is incremented and the process is reiterated, step 920. If, however, the check performed at step 932 indicates that a bit is not set for the port's entry in the copper up register (even though the port's bit is set in the copper signal register), an additional check is performed to determine if a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register. If the checks performed at step 932 and 934 both evaluate to false, a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper up register, step 936. Where either check evaluates to true, program flow is directed to step 938 where the port value is incremented and the process repeated until all ports are analyzed, step 924, at which point the process concludes, step 940, until it is invoked again by the scheduling process.
FIG. 10 presents an alternative embodiment to the process presented in FIG. 9 for automatically detecting and accounting for a switch from fiber to copper transmission media. Software operating at the switch reads the bit values from the LED device read register to determine the ports that comprise a physical connection, regardless of the transmission media attached to the port, step 1002. The process performs a wait step whereby processing is suspended for a set amount of time, step 1004. Alternatively, the wait period may be set to zero, thereby bypassing the wait step.
The process emerges from its wait state upon completion of the wait period, step 1004, and a check is performed to determine if there are additional ports for analysis, step 1006. Where there are additional ports to analyze, the current port's entry in the fiber signal register is examined to determine if the bit is set for the port, step 1008. If the bit is set for the port in the fiber signal register, step 1008, the port value is incremented, step 1018, and the process is reiterated. Where a bit is not set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 1008, the bit contained in the port's corresponding entry in the fiber up register is removed, step 1010.
Processing continues by calculating whether a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 1012. Where a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, the port is initialized to accommodate a copper transmission media connection, step 1014. Initialization of a port to accommodate a copper transmission media connection is a vendor specific operation, the details of which are outside the scope of the present disclosure. The port is initialized, step 1014, and a bit is set for the port's entry in the copper up register, step 1016. Regardless of whether the check performed at step 1012 resolves to true or false, the port value is incremented, step 1018, and the process is reiterated. When all ports have been analyzed, step 1006, the process concludes, step 1020.
FIG. 11 presents another alternative embodiment to the process presented in FIG. 9 whereby the process automatically detects and accounts for a switch from fiber to copper transmission media. Software operating at the switch reads the bit values from the LED device read register to determine the ports that comprise a physical connection, regardless of the transmission media attached to the port, step 1102. The process performs a wait step whereby processing is suspended for a set amount of time, step 1104. According to one embodiment of the invention, the wait step suspends processing for one millisecond. Alternatively, the wait period may be set to zero, thereby bypassing the wait step.
The process emerges from its wait state upon completion of the wait period, step 1104, and a check is performed to determine if there are additional ports for analysis, step 1106. Where there are additional ports to analyze, the current port's entry in the copper signal register is examined to determine if the bit is set for the port, step 1108. If the bit is set for the port in the copper signal register, step 1108, the port value is incremented, step 1118, and the process is reiterated. Where a bit is not set for the port's entry in the copper signal register, step 1108, the bit contained in the port's corresponding entry in the copper up register is removed, step 1110.
Processing continues by calculating whether a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 1112. Where a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber signal register, step 1112, the port is initialized to accommodate a fiber transmission media connection, step 1114. Initialization of a port to accommodate a fiber transmission media connection is a vendor specific operation, the details of which are outside the scope of the present disclosure. The port is initialized, step 1114, and a bit is set for the port's entry in the fiber up register, step 1116. Regardless of whether the check performed at step 1112 resolves to true or false, the port value is incremented, step 1118, and the process is reiterated. When all ports have been analyzed, step 1106, the process concludes, step 1120.
According to embodiments of the invention, an additional check is performed when a bit is not set in both the copper and fiber signal registers for a given port. Lack of a set bit in both signal registers may be due to the fact that no device is physically connected to the given port. Alternatively, it may be symptomatic of a failure in the hardware used to detect the type of transmission media attached to a given port. For any given port without a bit set in the fiber and copper signal registers, a process is executed in parallel to the processes presented and explained in FIGS. 7 through 11 whereby software executed by the switch reinitializes the given port for copper transmission media at a set interval. For example, the switch may reinitialize the given port or ports at three-second intervals where no signal is detected in both the copper and fiber signal registers. Upon registering a signal in either the copper of fiber registers for a given port, the auto-recovery process terminates for the given port and the processes presented in the FIGS. 7 through 11 continue as indicated. It should further be noted that, this auto-recovery technique may be activated or deactivated by a user such as a switch administrator.
Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7885192 *Nov 17, 2009Feb 8, 2011Marvell International Ltd.Generalized auto media selectorUS8200473 *Aug 25, 2009Jun 12, 2012Qlogic, CorporationEmulation of multiple MDIO manageable devicesUS8582434Feb 8, 2011Nov 12, 2013Marvell International Ltd.Generalized auto media selector* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification340/687International ClassificationG08B21/00Cooperative ClassificationH04L49/30, H04L49/40, H04L49/351European ClassificationH04L49/00, H04L49/35A, H04L49/30, H04L49/40Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 5, 2002ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIU, PATRICK CHUNG-YOU;NGUYEN, MARY THANHHUONG THI;REEL/FRAME:012768/0068Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.,CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIU, PATRICK CHUNG-YOU;NGUYEN, MARY THANHHUONG THI;REEL/FRAME:12768/68Effective date: 20020403Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.,CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIU, PATRICK CHUNG-YOU;NGUYEN, MARY THANHHUONG THI;REEL/FRAME:012768/0068Effective date: 20020403Dec 22, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, CALFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022012/0204Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022012/0204Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT,CALIFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022012/0204Effective date: 20081218Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT,CALIFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:22012/204Effective date: 20081218Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, CALFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022012/0204Effective date: 20081218Jan 20, 2010ASAssignmentFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:023814/0587Owner name: WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATEFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:023814/0587Effective date: 20100120Owner name: WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATEFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.;FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC;INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:23814/587Effective date: 20100120Jul 21, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024733/0739Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024733/0739Effective date: 20090511Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC,CALIFORNIAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FOUNDRY NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:24733/739Effective date: 20090511Jan 21, 2015ASAssignmentOwner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034792/0540Effective date: 20140114Owner name: BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034792/0540Effective date: 20140114Owner name: INRANGE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034792/0540Effective date: 20140114Jan 22, 2015ASAssignmentOwner name: BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034804/0793Effective date: 20150114Owner name: FOUNDRY NETWORKS, LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034804/0793Effective date: 20150114RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text:
An Exclusive Proposal: The Secrets of the Riches at Sea' book by Roy Nolan | 1 available editions | Alibris Books
An Exclusive Proposal: The Secrets of the Riches at Sea'
THIS BOOK' AN EXCLUSIVE PROPOSAL' UNLEASHES ALL THE SECRETS OF THE RICHES OF THE DEEP BLUE SEA . THIS BOOK GIVES A FULL IMPRESSION AND EXPRESSION OF THE MANY FACETS OF THE SEAS OF THE WHOLE WIDE WORLD; AS IT RELATES TO THE EXPLOITATION OF THE LIVING AND NON LIVING VASTLY UNLIMITED RESOURCES; WITH ALL THE CHALLENGES, ADVENTURES AND REWARDS IT BEHOLDS . IT TEACHES, FOR NATURE TO BE COMMANDED, IT MUST BE OBEYED . AND FOR THE OCEANS TO BE USED WISELY, YOU MUST FIRST UNDERSTAND IT . IT DIRECTS AS TO HOW 85 % OF THE WORLD TRADE ... Read More
THIS BOOK' AN EXCLUSIVE PROPOSAL' UNLEASHES ALL THE SECRETS OF THE RICHES OF THE DEEP BLUE SEA . THIS BOOK GIVES A FULL IMPRESSION AND EXPRESSION OF THE MANY FACETS OF THE SEAS OF THE WHOLE WIDE WORLD; AS IT RELATES TO THE EXPLOITATION OF THE LIVING AND NON LIVING VASTLY UNLIMITED RESOURCES; WITH ALL THE CHALLENGES, ADVENTURES AND REWARDS IT BEHOLDS . IT TEACHES, FOR NATURE TO BE COMMANDED, IT MUST BE OBEYED . AND FOR THE OCEANS TO BE USED WISELY, YOU MUST FIRST UNDERSTAND IT . IT DIRECTS AS TO HOW 85 % OF THE WORLD TRADE TRAVELS BY SEA . IT EXPLAINS THAT THERE ARE SOME 185,000 SPECIES OF ANIMALS THAT LIVE IN THE OCEANS . IT TEACHES HOW THE SEA, LAND AND ATMOSPHERE INTERACT; AND ENLIGHTENS AS TO THE LIMITLESS WONDERS, UNMATCHABLE AND INCOMPARABLE EXPLOITS AND WAYS THAT ENGULF THE SEAS . THIS BOOK, HIGHLIGHTS PIRACY, TERRORISM, MINERALS, OIL, FISHING, SHIPPING AND JUST ABOUT EVERY KIND OF HAPPENINGS AND ACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE AT SEA; WITH ALL THE INTRIGUE AND MYSTERY THAT SURROUND THE VAST, EXPANSE OF THE DEEP, BLUE SEA . THE SECRETS OF THE RICHES OF THE SEAS, COME TO LIFE, ALL FOR YOUR UNDERSTANDING, GOOD MEASURE, AND UNDOUBTEDLY INCREASED KNOWLEDGE OF ALL THAT TAKE PLACE AT SEA THROUGHOUT THE COURSE OF TIME . THIS BOOK SPELLS OUT FOR YOU ALL THE INTRIGUES OF THE SEAS OF THE WORLD . AFTER READING THIS BOOK, THE HIGH SEAS WILL NO LONGER BE A MYSTERY TO YOU . IN THIS BOOK, THE SECRETS OF THE RICHES OF THE SEAS ARE BROUGHT TO LIFE, ALL FOR YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE VAST AND IMMENSE WATERWAYS WITH ALL THE LIVING AND NON LIVING RESOURCES EXPLAINED FOR YOUR EDIFICATION AND PLEASURE BEYOND MEASURE . HEREIN, IS USEFUL AND WONDERFUL WISDOM, KNOWLEDGE, AND UNDERSTANDING OF ALL THE EXPLOITS OFTHE SEAS OF THE WORLD; TAKE IT, YOU WILL BE GLAD YOU DID, YOU WILL BE HELPED TO BECOME A MORE POWERFUL AND BETTER PERSON IN LIFE IN THIS WORLD . Read Less
ISBN-13: 9781420817096
ISBN: 1420817094
Alibris ID: 8600613618
Alibris ID: 14141197350
Alibris ID: 14150065000
Books by Roy Nolan
Knowledge Is Power: Be as a Quiet Whisper in the Wind
Wisdom: The Secrets of Success in Life: Mount Up with Wings as Eagle
Wisdom - Knowledge - Understanding: Be Strong - Bold and Brave as the Lion
The Sword of the Spirit: It Bisects You Into Bits and Pieces

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text:
c# - Change who can join a created ComputerPrincipal account to the domain - Stack Overflow
1 I am using C# to create new computer accounts. My goal is to allow IT helpdesk personnel to add computers to the domain safely in the right OU. The way I intended to do this was to have them use a tool that would take the relevant information and create the account in Active Directory. So far, this all works great. There is only one snag - I can't figure out how to grant my workers the rights to join the computer to the domain. Normally in Active Directory you could change the group that is allowed to join the new computer to the domain. I am using DirectoryServices.AccountManagement and I cannot figure out how to do the same in code.
//The password is just a random construction.
//The computer SAM Account Name must end with a dollar sign in order for it
//to be usable.
ComputerPrincipal oComputerPrincipal = new ComputerPrincipal(oPrincipalContext,
sComputerName + "$",
RandomPassword(),
//You actually need to save the record before it is actually created
oComputerPrincipal.Save();
This creates the computer accounts and puts them in the correct OU. However, you still need to be granted the rights to add a computer to the domain in order to hook a computer up to this account. I can't find the code to do so.
As a side note, I understand that I could grant my helpdesk personnel the permission to join computers to the domain. The problem, though, is that they would be able to do so without using this tool. They wouldn't realize that when they do that, they are sending the computers to the wrong OUs.
Here is an updated picture to show you what I am trying to accomplish in code. As you can see in the image below, I am attempting to change the bottom box (via code) when I create a new computer account in code. See how it allows you to specify who can add this specific computer to the domain?
c# active-directory dns account-management share|improve this question edited Nov 4 '11 at 21:13
10.3k41538
@marc_s - The computer account creation itself (the above code) is done using a service account, not the user's account. That isn't the problem. The problem is when they are on the machine itself and trying to join it to the domain once they have done the above steps - the object exists in AD, but they still don't have permission to join the computer they are on to that object. This is the problem I am trying to rectify.
In order to do this, you need to grant the Reset Password right at a minimum on the computer account. I don't think you need anything else but I don't recall offhand.
You can use the ActiveDirectoryAccessRule class to build the ACE and add it to the ACL. You'll want to do something like this:
var rule = new ActiveDirectoryAccessRule(<user to delegate to>, ActiveDirectoryRights.ExtendedRight, AccessControlType.Allow, new Guid("00299570-246d-11d0-a768-00aa006e0529")
2,776149
I could be wrong but isn't this just overall delegation? I don't want to do delegation, I just want to grant rights for that one computer. In the end, it could be that I would allow anyone to add their computer to the domain, which would mean that everyone would need to have that right then. I updated my posting above to better illustrate what I am looking for. I want my code to be able to mimic the bottom box (where I put Guest User).
Here is a place to find ExtendedRightAccessRule.
And here is a simple example that allow the domain user 'user1' to reset password for users presents in OU 'ForUser1'. You just have to allow your user to add a computer to an OU. @Brian Desmon give you the GUID.
Edited (2011-11-04)
In my understanding the thing you want to do is a kind of delegation; Inside Active-Directory delegation becomes reality with rights on objects. In your case you you want to allow a user to create a computer account. Most of the time administrators do that for the whole domain :
If you try it you'll see a new ACE (Access Control Entry) in the domain nod ACL (Access Control List). In the example I just delegate the right in one OU.
Second Edition (2011-11-04)
He re is the proof of what I'am writting :
If you look at security tab share|improve this answer edited Nov 4 '11 at 21:41
Wouldn't this just give my user rights to add the computer to the OU? I don't want to modify OU rights, I just want to allow that user to connect a specific computer to the newly created computer object.
I want to illustrate the answer to your comment, so I edit the main answer.
I updated my own post with what I am looking for. What you are specifying here is delegation. I don't want to do delegation, even for just one OU. Instead, I want to grant a user the rights to associate a computer to the new account that we created in code on the domain (see my screenshot above). As you can see, if I were to create the computer account using the AD GUI, I could specify that the Guest account can have access to associate a computer to the newly-created computer account in AD. This is what I want to do in code.
I think you are wrong, you are talking about delegation, begining from your screen I edit my answer to show you the proof.
So ? have you test it ?
Not the answer you're looking for?	Browse other questions tagged c# active-directory dns account-management or ask your own question.	asked
Remote WMI, authing with domain account instead of local account
GetGroups method in system.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement does seem to refresh

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text:
- Revived Castro will play in all 162
CHCIAGO -- Chicago Cubs first-year manager Dale Sveum might have been hardest on Starlin Castro this season, but he also showed him the utmost respect.
Although Sveum didn’t exactly come out and say it, he suggested that Castro will end up playing in all 162 games, meaning that even if he does go with a lineup made up entirely of reserves for the season finale Wednesday, Castro will be featured in some capacity.
Starlin Castro had his ups and downs this season, but is on track to play in all 162 games.“Yeah, there’s no reason not to (play Castro),” Sveum said. “Like I said, at this point now, you can get your rest during the winter. We have two night games and a day game so at this point there is no reason to rest anybody for no reasons.
There were a number of situations that drew Sveum’s ire this season and Castro was involved in his fair share of them. He forgot how many outs there were on defense, made a particularly poor decision on the bases and seemed lackluster in the field at times.
Sveum still stuck with his young shortstop, though, even when saying at one point that he was considering benching Castro for at least a game for disciplinary reasons.
Much of Castro’s distractions seemed to come from midseason contract negotiations that were finally resolved in late August. After a contract extension was finalized, Castro took off again offensively.
He entered Monday’s game batting .285 after his average had dropped as low as .272 on Aug. 14. “It’s still something to hang your hat on, too, to play in 162 games,” Sveum said. “It doesn’t happen very often anymore.”

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text:
(Redirected from Smith's Falls)
Several manufacturers were based in Smiths Falls, perhaps the best-known being the Canadian operation of The Hershey Company (opened in 1963) which closed in December 2008.[18] Hershey announced they would instead open a factory in Mexico where they could obtain cheaper labour. In late 2006, the plant was temporarily closed due to a case of possible salmonella contamination.[19][20] Other former large manufacturers include RCA Victor (closed circa 1980), Frost and Wood / Cockshutt and Stanley Tools (2008). The closure of the Rideau Regional hospital site in March 2009 resulted in a further loss of jobs from the community. However, the 350 acre site was purchased by a local developer (who made an unsuccessful bid for mayor in the 2018 election) and re-named the Gallipeau Centre. It is a mixed use property with residential and recreational uses including condominiums, a recreational facility, swimming pool and theatre[21]. In 2014, the former Hershey facility was purchased by medical marijuana company Tweed Marijuana Inc,[22] now known as publicly traded company Canopy Growth Corporation (TSE:WEED). The town has been cited as the "Pot Capital of Canada".[23] Over 750 jobs have been created by Canopy Growth which has revitalized the town's economy after the departure of the Hershey factory and the closure of Rideau Regional Centre.[24]. Investment by Constellation Brands of $5B in Canopy Growth Corporation has helped further secure the positive economic potential for Smiths Falls. The company is continuing to grow and expand, creating new local jobs.[25] Canopy has purchased the site of the closed Shorewood Packaging building to construct a facility for bottling cannabis infused beverages.[26] As well, chocolate has begun to flow again at the site of the former Hershey plant as Canopy Growth has commenced the production of cannabis infused chocolate edibles.[27] Public tours of Tweed production are available to the public, similar to the Hershey factory tours. There has been significant growth in construction in the community.[28]. In addition, a local golf course located just outside of Smiths Falls (formerly the Lombardy Glen Golf Course) has been purchased and is now a cannabis friendly course under the name “Rolling Greens”. [29]. The CEO and founder of Canopy Growth, Bruce Linton, was terminated from Canopy in July, 2019.[30]
In 1906, a hockey team from Smiths Falls launched an unsuccessful challenge to win the Stanley Cup.[31] Smiths Falls was home to a professional baseball team, the Smiths Falls Beavers, for one season in 1937. The team was a part of the Canadian–American League.
Brooke Henderson, professional golfer and former world number one ranked female amateur at age 16; won the 2016 LPGA Championship at age 18;[33] first Canadian in 45 years to win the Canadian CP Women's Open title[34], and has won more tournaments than any professional Canadian golfer.[35]
Todd Lynn, world renowned fashion designer who has designed clothing for celebrities such as Mick Jagger,Bono and Marilyn Manson, [36][37]
General hospital facilities and services are provided by the Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital, with a site on Cornelia Street. Also located in Smiths Falls was the Rideau Regional Centre, which provided a residential program for mentally challenged and disabled persons from 1951 until its closure in March 2009.[38]
^ Lord, Craig (June 25, 2019). "Canopy Growth to produce cannabis-infused chocolates in Smiths Falls". Ottawa Business Journal. Great River Media. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
^ "Bruce Linton says he was fired as co-CEO of Canadian pot company Canopy Growth". CNBC. July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smiths_Falls&oldid=917931029"

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text:
Stephen Thompson wants Dundee United and Rangers to end row - BBC Sport
http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21302841
Listen on BBC Radio Scotland; live text commentary on BBC Sport website; highlights on BBC One Scotland
with the visitors having not taken up their ticket allocation.
And, when Third Division Rangers were drawn to face the Tangerines at Tannadice,
The other clubs didn't put them [Rangers] in the position they are in
Read more on Dundee Utd 3-0 Rangers
Read more on Rangers chief Charles Green criticises Tannadice ticket plan

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text:
Melbourne police in hunt for man who pull trousers down and exposes himself to women | Daily Mail Online
The fluoro flasher: Police in hunt for tousle-haired tradie in high-vis who has been pulling his trousers down and exposing himself to women
Police have launched manhunt for serial flasher in Melbourne's outer-east
The man is described as having messy hair and wearing a fluoro-yellow top
Authorities believe he pulled down his pants and exposed himself twice
Both alleged incidents took place along the Warburton Trail last month
Published: 19:25 EST, 6 September 2016 | Updated: 09:04 EST, 12 September 2016
Police are on the hunt for a serial flasher who exposed himself to at least two women walking along a trail in Melbourne's outer north-east last month
A serial flasher with messy dark hair and wearing a high-visibility fluoro-yellow work top has been terrifying women in Melbourne's outer north-east.
Victorian Police are now on the hunt for a tradesman they believe is responsible for at least two incidents of 'wilful and obscene' exposures last month.
The first alleged encounter took place along the Warburton Trail, Lilydale, on Sunday morning on August 21.
Police were told the man pulled down his pants and exposed himself to a woman passing by.
A week later, on Sunday 28 August, it's believed the man performed the same perverted routine to a female cyclist passing by.
He was within two metres of her when he dropped his pants, also along the Warburton Trail, but further down the track near the Mount Evelyn skate park.
Police believe the flasher is a tradesman who was wearing a fluoro yellow work top and dark blue work pants (similar to those pictured)
Police were told the attacks took place on Sunday 21 and Sunday 28 August, along different parts of the Warburton Trail in Lilydale (pictured)
Police have released a digital composite image of a man they believe may be able to assist with their enquiries.
He is described as approximately 175cm tall, with dark hair and appeared unshaven.
Anyone with any information is urged to contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or to submit confidential report at www.crimestoppersvic.com.au
Dog that tore an 81-year-old woman's ear loose in vicious... 'I didn't mean to hurt you but I just don't see it going...
The man pulled down his pants and exposed himself to two separate women at Warburton Trail (in Lilydale, right, and also near Mount Evelyn skate park, left)
Melbourne police in hunt for man who pull trousers down and exposes himself to women

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text:
brianwohlert1: Want to go on washingtonpost.com's Going Out Guide
Places and events that I want to go to.	brianwohlert1

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text:
Elven Queen (Audiobook) by Bernhard Hennen, Edwin Miles | Audible.com
Series: Saga of the Elven, Book 3
All that stands between the advancing army of trolls and the endangered fortress of Phylangan is a coalition force led by Alfadas, human hero and protector. He’s amassed his own legion of swordsmen, elves, and ragtag thieves to stave off the enemy. And the next move they make could be the most dangerous one of all.
Those Alfadas has left behind are more vulnerable than ever - including his star-crossed elven love; their newborn child; and Queen Emerelle herself, who remains comatose and is powerless to safeguard her compromised kingdom.
But as Alfadas risks all in the violent campaign of the realms, the fate of Phylangan trembles ever more as the enemy advances. However tenuous Alfadas’s victory is, what he fears most is what will be left of the homeland he abandoned…
©2014 by Bernhard Hennen. Translation © 2019 by Edwin Miles. (P)2019 Brilliance Publishing, Inc., all rights reserved.
I loved the first book in the series, and the 2nd was great. I couldn't keep track of all the secondary characters, especially in the fjord lands, and they all seemed to play a larger part of the story than the main characters. And the ending.... WTF. I was kinda shocked by the end, and thinking about it after, it makes no sense to me, but I won't spoil it here.
Like the previous books, it started a bit slow. I had to really think back to remember who was who but then it really started to flow and got more and more engaging. The ending was cut short but there will be another i believe and I will be waiting.... Overall I found this series slow, exciting and surprisingly fun to listen too....
The narrators range is a little short as far as changing from one character to another however he is very well spoken and easy to listen too....

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Northwave Typhoon Evo SBS Carbon Road Bike Cycling Shoes RRP £165 | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hello -User-.'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hello (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch ListWish ListAll ListsPurchase HistorySellingMy CollectionsFollowed SearchesMessagesCollect & Spend Learn moreNotification Back to home page
Details about Northwave Typhoon Evo SBS Carbon Road Bike Cycling Shoes RRP £165
Northwave Typhoon Evo SBS Carbon Road Bike Cycling Shoes RRP £165
(325595
EU 41, UK 7 1/2, 27cm[out of stock]
EU 42, UK 8 1/2, 27.5cm[out of stock]
EU 43, UK 9 1/2, 28.5cm[out of stock]
EU 44, UK 10, 29cm[out of stock]
EU 46, UK 12, 30.5cm
EU 39, UK 6, 25.5cm
EU 40, UK 6 1/2, 26cm
EU 39.5, UK 6 1/4
Whi/Red/Sil
Northwave Evolution SBS Carbon Road... £79.95
Diadora ProRacer Carbon EVO Road Bi... £59.95
Diadora Veloce EV Carbon Road Bike... £49.95
Diadora ProRacer Chrome Carbon... £49.95
eBay item number:400684044192
12 Jun, 2015 07:46:58 BST View all revisions
Top quality cycling shoes as you would expect from Northwave, these look amazing and there performance is second to none. With the super stiff carbon composite sole these put the power straight to the pedals, these are suitble for any level of road cycling. Upper: Microfiber Upper Construction: Airflow System Closing System S.B.S Heel: Omega Sole Carbon Composite Sole FootbedSuitible for use with modern 3 bolt fitting cleats Shimano SPD-SL, Look, Time, etc.....
Northwave Typhoon Evo SBS Carbon Road Bike Cycling Shoe...

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text: Patent US5949335 - RFID tagging system for network assets - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Advanced Patent Search | Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging system for computer network assets comprises: an RFID host; a transponder tag attached to an asset in a computer network, the tag having stored therein tag identifying data, inventory data describing the asset and security data; an electronically erasable...http://www.google.com/patents/US5949335?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5949335 - RFID tagging system for network assetsPublication numberUS5949335 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/059,937Publication dateSep 7, 1999Filing dateApr 14, 1998Priority dateApr 14, 1998Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2325712A1, CA2325712C, DE69941389D1, EP1076888A1, EP1076888A4, EP1076888B1, WO1999053457A1Publication number059937, 09059937, US 5949335 A, US 5949335A, US-A-5949335, US5949335 A, US5949335AInventorsWilliam M. MaynardOriginal AssigneeSensormatic Electronics CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (20), Referenced by (195), Classifications (17), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetRFID tagging system for network assetsUS 5949335 AAbstract A radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging system for computer network assets comprises: an RFID host; a transponder tag attached to an asset in a computer network, the tag having stored therein tag identifying data, inventory data describing the asset and security data; an electronically erasable and programmable memory (EEPROM) adapted for operation as part of the asset; an RFID reader/writer for reading data from the tag in an interrogation zone; respective communications links between the RFID host and each one of the RFID reader/writer and the asset, enabling the tag identifying data and the inventory or security data to be transferred between each of the RFID host, the EEPROM and the tag, the inventory data also being stored in the EEPROM; and, a control arrangement in the RFID host and in the asset for enabling operation of the asset only in response to a predetermined communications sequence between the RFID host and the asset over the respective communications link, whereby the asset can be identified in the interrogation zone for enabling only an authorized removal of the asset and whereby operation of the asset can be automatically inhibited absent completion of the predetermined communications sequence between the asset and the RFID host.

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sonje31 on eBaySkip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi -User-!'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi (Sign in to bid or buy)eBay DealsSellHelp & ContactCurrent language EnglishEnglishFrançaisMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch ListWish ListAll ListsPurchase HistorySellingMy CollectionsFollowed searchesMessagesNotificationsonje31's profile Change photoRemovePlease sign in to make changes.That file isn't supported. Please use JPG, GIF, PNG, and TIF files only.Image file is corrupted. Please try again.That image is too big.That image is too small.There was an unexpected service failure. Please try again.OKAre you sure you want to remove this photo?CancelOK
User ID sonje31 (Feedback score 748)
Based in United States, sonje31 has been an eBay member since Mar 14, 2011Use this space to tell other eBay Members about yourself and what you’re passionate about. Give people more reasons to Follow you!Please save or cancel your changes.There was an unexpected service failure. Please try again.Please sign in to make changes.OKSaveCancel
162Item as described168Communication171Shipping time165Shipping charges188Positive0Neutral0NegativeFeedback from the last 12 months
Wow,! Fantastic item, super fast delivery GREAT pkging. Great comm.A+++ TY!May 14, 2016Arrived fast, well packaged. Wife appreciates the replacement parts.May 08, 2016super fast delivery-very nicely packaged-great customer serviceMay 03, 2016Fast shipping. Great deal. Thank you.Apr 29, 2016Thank you for an easy, pleasant transaction. Excellent buyer. A++++++.Apr 12, 2016
||||Member since: Mar 14, 2011|United StatesItems for sale(86)See all itemsTestimony of Tw...C $13.1013d leftVintage Empire ...C $19.6513d leftVintage Naples ...C $26.2013d leftVintage Isle of...C $26.2013d left
FollowingCollectionsNorthwood GlassCreated byshescobedo2013Antique Carnival Colored EAPG GlassCreated bylipstknlthrjdEAPG GLASSCreated bystuff4youfrommomAntique CruetsCreated bylazrladyMembersattic-treasure-collectibles0 collections . 341 followerswestwardho10 collections . 12 followerskaihay20160 collections . 1 followersonoragirl20 collections . 6 followerslern2read4 collections . 40 followersFollowers(12)


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overview for crapador_dalijump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfivefoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | AskReddit-funny-pics-todayilearned-gifs-news-videos-worldnews-gaming-aww-Showerthoughts-movies-mildlyinteresting-nottheonion-television-Jokes-space-OldSchoolCool-photoshopbattles-explainlikeimfive-IAmA-sports-tifu-creepy-LifeProTips-Futurology-science-EarthPorn-TwoXChromosomes-UpliftingNews-Music-food-personalfinance-books-WritingPrompts-gadgets-dataisbeautiful-DIY-Art-nosleep-Documentaries-history-GetMotivated-askscience-listentothis-InternetIsBeautiful-blog-philosophy-announcementsmore »reddit.com crapador_dalioverviewcommentssubmittedgildedWant to join? Log in or sign up in seconds.|Englishcrapador_dali805 post karma11,753 comment karma send a private messageredditor for 4 yearsMODERATOR OF/r/SubredditDramaVideos/r/RonPaulPorn/r/MetaArt/r/religious_intolerance/r/crapador_dali/r/dolphinsexwhat's this?TROPHY CASEFour-Year ClubVerified Emailremember mereset passwordlogindaily reddit gold goal105%help support redditreddit gold gives you extra features and helps keep our servers running. We believe the more reddit can be user-supported, the freer we will be to make reddit the best it can be.Buy gold for yourself to gain access to extra features and special benefits. A month of gold pays for 231.26 minutes of reddit server time!Give gold to thank exemplary people and encourage them to post more.This daily goal updates every 10 minutes and is reset at midnight Pacific Time (5 hours, 11 minutes from now).Yesterday's reddit gold goal91%get the best of reddit, delivered once a weekemail:subscribe×sorted by: newhottopcontroversialWould someone explain what is going on here? by GiGaN00B in islam[–]crapador_dali 0 points1 point2 points 2 months ago (0 children)Honestly, who cares? Does AnotherParaclete have any qualifications in Islamic Sciences?
permalinksavecontextfull comments (35)reportgive goldShintoist Here to Answer Questions, AMA! by KazuoKuroi in islam[–]crapador_dali 1 point2 points3 points 3 months ago (0 children)Why do you feel qualified to do an interfaith outreach AMA when you've only followed the religion for a year? That's not really enough time to understand a belief system.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (46)reportgive goldAngels do not enter a house where there is a dog or a picture. Is it True? by ilikethisandthat in islam[–]crapador_dali 0 points1 point2 points 4 months ago (0 children)There's actually a difference of opinion on the matter regarding pictures. It's not a universal thing in Islam that pictures are bad only that three dimensional depictions of living things are bad, statues for example.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (14)reportgive goldSuicide bomber targeting Christians kills 65, mostly women and children, in Pakistan park by LolaRuns in Christianity[–]crapador_dali -2 points-1 points0 points 6 months ago (0 children)There is no source. It's a ludicrous statement.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (92)give goldIntimidated by learning how to pray by wiseowl250 in islam[–]crapador_dali -1 points0 points1 point 6 months ago (0 children)Go to a mosque and pray with everyone else. That way you have someone reciting for you and you can just follow the movements of everyone else.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (5)give goldContinuous Profile of Donald Trump, Digital, 2016 by Quietuus in Art[–]crapador_dali 0 points1 point2 points 6 months ago (0 children)The highlights don't make sense and because of that it doesn't look continuous. It just looks mirrored.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (10)give goldSome questions regarding the mutawatir classification of hadiths by inquisitiveness1 in islam[–]crapador_dali 1 point2 points3 points 6 months ago (0 children)3) In the maliki madhab there is actually a rank above mutawatir. If a hadith is mutawatir and it's confirmed by the practice of the people of Madina in the time of Imam Malik it has a higher rank.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (8)give goldDawahman and Ali Dawah by MoonPieOverThere in islam[–]crapador_dali 3 points4 points5 points 7 months ago (0 children)"When you received it with your tongues and said with your mouths that of which you had no knowledge and thought it was insignificant while it was, in the sight of Allah , tremendous." {Quran 24:15}
permalinksavecontextfull comments (50)give goldWhat was the Khutba topic at your masjid today? by abuibraheem in islam[–]crapador_dali 1 point2 points3 points 8 months ago (0 children)Here is the link to the full khutbah: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfgZWer-fz4
permalinksavecontextfull comments (60)give goldFulham prepared to offer sacked Swansea boss Garry Monk an immediate route back into management by GroundDweller in soccer[–]crapador_dali -11 points-10 points-9 points 9 months ago (0 children)Yeah, him being on the board totally matters...
permalinksavecontextfull comments (78)give goldArguments around the Mawlid - Imam Suhaib Webb by Zer0Se1f in islam[–]crapador_dali 1 point2 points3 points 9 months ago (0 children)Link to the full khutbah: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwmEk_pfnaA
permalinksavecontextfull comments (11)give goldSufism Question by wolfpacklad in islam[–]crapador_dali 6 points7 points8 points 9 months ago (0 children)Read "Sea Without Shore": http://www.amazon.com/Sea-Without-Shore-Manual-Sufi/dp/1590080661
permalinksavecontextfull comments (19)give goldQuick question about Friday prayer by [deleted] in islam[–]crapador_dali 2 points3 points4 points 10 months ago (0 children)That's referring to praying the five daily prayers in jammaa not jumma khutbah.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (8)give goldImam Suhaib Webb speaking against Study Quran perennialism by [deleted] in islam[–]crapador_dali -4 points-3 points-2 points 10 months ago (0 children)Google is a thing bro.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (21)give goldPan Islamic Masjids? by WinterVein in islam[–]crapador_dali -1 points0 points1 point 10 months ago (0 children)The ISBCC in Boston is incredibly diverse. There are Sunni, Shia, all the different madhabs, Somali, Egyptians, Pakistani, Bosnians, Malaysians, converts from all sorts of different backgrounds and everything in between. I've met people there from almost every Muslim majority country.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (27)give goldThe Daily Show’s Trevor Noah takes us to Myanmar (Burma) - Western Comedy and Buddhist Extremism by mindfullone in Buddhism[–]crapador_dali -1 points0 points1 point 10 months ago (0 children)If want to say someone is anti-jewish then just say it. It's impossible for Arabs to be anti-semitic given that they are Semitic people.
Islamic culture today is very anti-jewish. That is indisputable. This is just ignorance and bigotry.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (9)give goldThe Daily Show’s Trevor Noah takes us to Myanmar (Burma) - Western Comedy and Buddhist Extremism by mindfullone in Buddhism[–]crapador_dali 2 points3 points4 points 10 months ago (0 children)
Islam is an antisemitic religion
Fun fact, Islam was started by Semitic people.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (9)give goldAre there any other scholars like Hamza Yusuf or Yasir Qadhi with a western background? by ozud100 in islam[–]crapador_dali 0 points1 point2 points 11 months ago (0 children)Many,
Hussain Kamani,
Yasir Fahmy,
AbdulRahman Murphy,
Maryam AmirEbrahimi,
Umar Adb-Allah Farurq,
permalinksavecontextfull comments (55)give goldCan I pray Isha' before Isha' time? by [deleted] in islam[–]crapador_dali 1 point2 points3 points 11 months ago (0 children)It depends on your madhab. Some madhab allow you to combine maghrib and isha under certain circumstances. My wife had this issue while pregnant and it seems that the Shafi opinion is more lenient in this regard. It's best to ask a trusted person of knowledge though.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (17)give goldReverts: how did you choose among the different denominations of Islam? by [deleted] in islam[–]crapador_dali 0 points1 point2 points 11 months ago (0 children)Actually no, there is three. Sunni, Shia and Ibadi. Plus the 90% figure isn't at all accurate.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (98)give goldCan I get an opinion on this translation of the Qur'an? by [deleted] in islam[–]crapador_dali 3 points4 points5 points 11 months ago (0 children)M.A.S. Abdul Haleem has a very readable and approachable translation.
You can find books but also here is the full text online: https://archive.org/stream/TheQuranKoranenglishEbook-AbdelHaleem-BestTranslationInThe/the_QURAN-abdel-haleem-ebook-english_djvu.txt
permalinksavecontextfull comments (11)give goldDo you have to hate the kaffir and/or their ways? by Gren0o in islam[–]crapador_dali 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)I wouldn't take any advice from that user. He quotes islamqa.info all the time. Despite it being a notoriously dubious source of information and despite having been informed about citing it. If you want to know about whether music is permissible it's best to consult with a person of knowledge in your local community.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (13)give goldSalam, when is the Day of Arafah? Tuesday or Wednesday? by ThisIsOwnage in islam[–]crapador_dali 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)If you want to go by those who are making Hajj it's Wednesday and Eid is Thursday.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (14)give goldQuran translation by Kontroverzy in islam[–]crapador_dali 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago (0 children)Get M.A.S. Abdel Haleem's translation: https://archive.org/details/TheQuranKoranenglishEbook-AbdelHaleem-BestTranslationInThe
permalinksavecontextfull comments (4)give goldWho are the alawis? Biographies written by both sunni and shia scholars by [deleted] in islam[–]crapador_dali -3 points-2 points-1 points 1 year ago (0 children)I honestly feel very sad for you.
permalinksavecontextfull comments (58)give goldview more: next ›create a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember meget the best of reddit emailed to you once a week. learn moresign uplog inusername:password:remember mereset passwordlog inBy signing up, you agree to our Terms and that you have read our Privacy Policy and Content Policy.English [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is]italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 24371 on app-537 at 2016-09-29 01:48:10.653315+00:00 running 70a3f0e country code: US.

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1999 5 2003 Ford 7 3 7 3L Powerstroke Diesel Turbo Pedestal FreeFlow Kit | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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