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Patent US20060101084 - Policy based data migration in a hierarchical data storage system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA hierarchical data storage system including a policy based migration engine to select a migration policy and migrate data from a first set of removable storage media, such as tape cartridges, to a second set of removable storage media in accordance with the migration policy. The hierarchical data storage...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060101084?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060101084 - Policy based data migration in a hierarchical data storage systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060101084 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/972,929Publication dateMay 11, 2006Filing dateOct 25, 2004Priority dateOct 25, 2004Publication number10972929, 972929, US 2006/0101084 A1, US 2006/101084 A1, US 20060101084 A1, US 20060101084A1, US 2006101084 A1, US 2006101084A1, US-A1-20060101084, US-A1-2006101084, US2006/0101084A1, US2006/101084A1, US20060101084 A1, US20060101084A1, US2006101084 A1, US2006101084A1InventorsGregory Kishi, Mark Norman, Jonathan PeakeOriginal AssigneeInternational Business Machines CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (25), Classifications (13), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPolicy based data migration in a hierarchical data storage system
US 20060101084 A1Abstract
A hierarchical data storage system including a policy based migration engine to select a migration policy and migrate data from a first set of removable storage media, such as tape cartridges, to a second set of removable storage media in accordance with the migration policy. The hierarchical data storage system further includes a control unit including a processor, a host interface to couple the processor to a host, a library manager interface to couple the processor to an automated tape library, a storage device interface to couple said processor to a storage device, and a memory unit. Images(7) Claims(55)
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Introduction The management of tape cartridges in a Virtual Tape Server (�VTS�), and the data on such cartridges, is a challenging task. A VTS can contain thousands of tape cartridges, and the data on these tape cartridges must be efficiently spread across available resources. Within a VTS, it is often necessary to migrate data on the tape cartridges to other storage devices of the VTS to take advantage of the efficiencies provided by such other storage devices. Accordingly, the present invention groups tape cartridges into logical groups called pools and provides methods to efficiently transfer the data from one pool to another pool according to specific policies. This process is referred to herein as policy based migration. Depending on whether a given policy is satisfied, a reclamation process, for example, can be used to copy data from a source cartridge to a destination cartridge and reclaim the source cartridge. Using the reclamation process in this way provides a number of advantages, including the ability to operate on a group of cartridges via pools and the ability to execute the procedure with minimal impact to the VTS and/or any attached hosts (e.g., as a background process, at a time when no other resources need the system, transparent to the user and host applications, and the like). In so doing, more usable storage space within the VTS as well as decreased cost associated with the management of the VTS can be obtained. As used herein, �migration� is used to describe the copying data from a source cartridge to a destination cartridge for any number of reasons. For example, upgrading from an old tape format to a new tape format, transferring data to a format more tuned to the storage needs of the data, transferring data to lower cost media, and the like. The following sets forth a detailed description of the best contemplated mode for carrying out the invention. The headings provided herein are intended to aid in the description of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The description herein is intended to be illustrative of the invention and should not be taken to be limiting. An Exemplary Hierarchical Storage System FIG. 1 illustrates hardware components, software components and interconnections of an exemplary hierarchical storage system 100 employing policy based migration in accordance with the present invention. Hierarchical storage system 100 includes one or more hosts 102, a control unit 104, a cache 106, and an automated tape library 108. Host 102 is coupled to control unit 104 via host interface 105. Cache 106 is coupled to control unit 104 via storage device interface 107. Automated tape library 108 is coupled to control unit 104 via library manager interface 109. Tape drives 122 are coupled to control unit 104 via drive interface 103. Interfaces 103, 105, 107, and 109 may each be SCSI, FICON, ESCON, Ethernet, TokenRing, serial, or other known communication interfaces. In operation, host 102 stores data to and requests data from VTS 100. In an exemplary implementation, host 102 may be embodied as a server, network attached storage device, personal computer, terminal, application program and the like. Control unit 104 exchanges data between host 102 and cache 106, and between host 102 and library 108. The exchanges are conducted in accordance with commands from host 102, such as tape commands. Control unit 104 exchanges data between cache 106 and tape drives 122 in accordance with commands from the control unit 104. Control unit 104 may be implemented by the execution of software on a microprocessor (e.g., a RISC based processor, INTEL-based processor, or other instruction based processor). Control unit 104 and cache 106 may be embodied, for example, in an IBM model 3494 model B20 Virtual Tape Server. Control unit 104 directs operations of library manager 112. In one embodiment, control unit 104 receives commands from host 102 and, in turn, issues commands to library manager 112 to carry out the host commands. In response to such commands, data may be transferred between hosts 102 and cache 106, between host 102 and tape cartridges 120, and/or between cache 106 and tape cartridges 120. In the presently described embodiment, control unit 104 is implemented as computer 200 (shown and described in FIG. 2). Cache 106 may comprise DASD 110 configured in one or more storage forms, such as redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (i.e., RAID). Cache 106 provides a fast-access data storage location for data utilized by host 102. In operation, host-created volumes of data are received from host 102 and �stacked� (i.e., stored) in cache 106. These volumes are then copied to physical tape cartridges 120 of tape library 108, either immediately (e.g., within fractions of a second), or upon some predetermined criteria, such as access frequency. In one embodiment, host 102 views (e.g., uses tape related protocols to communicate with) the storage space provided by cache 106 as a number of tape devices, when in actuality, the storage space is comprised of DASD. Because host 102 sees cache 106 as tape drives, host 102 can operate on data stored in cache 106 (and library 108) via tape commands. The interaction between host 102 and tape drives 122 of VTS 100 occurs through control unit 104. Control console 130 is coupled to control unit 104 via serial, TokenRing, Ethernet, USB or other known communication interface. In one embodiment, control console 130 provides a user interface for setting up policies and monitoring the activities of the control unit 104 and the exemplary hierarchical storage system 100. Automated tape library 108 comprises hardware, software, and interconnections to manage the storage of data on removable media. In the presently described embodiment, removable media consists of tape cartridges 120. However, in other embodiments removable media may consist of optical media and/or other media adapted to be removable within library 108. Tape cartridges 120 are stored in storage area 114, having storage bins 116. An accessor 118, having a robotic arm 124, selectively transfers tapes 120 to/from bins 116 from/to tape drives 122 for reading and writing of data on tapes 120 by tape drives 122 (accessor 118 with robotic are 124 may also be referred to as a gripper). One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that accessor 118 and robotic arm 124 may be implemented any number of ways to provide a mechanical (or robotic) device to transport cartridges. In one exemplary implementation, library 108 may be embodied as an IBM 3494 tape library including IBM 3590, 3592 and/or LTO tape drives to access data on associated tapes. As mentioned above, library 108 includes library manager 112 to manage operations of library 108. In the presently described embodiment, library manager 112 is embodied as executable code stored on memory (not shown) of library 108 and configured to execute on one or more processors (not shown) of library 108. Turning now to a more detailed description of control unit 104, FIG. 2 illustrates control 104 implemented as computer 200. Computer 200 includes a processor 202 coupled to a memory unit 204. In one embodiment, processor 202 is a RISC-based processor that interfaces with communication paths 206 between control unit 200 and the other elements of the exemplary hierarchical storage system 100. Such communication paths 206 may be ESCON/FICON, SCSI and the like. Additionally, processor 202 provides tape emulation to host 102 connected to the VTS such that hosts view cache 106 of the VTS as tape drives. While processor 202 is described as a RISC-based processor, processor 202 may be an INTEL based processor or other processor capable of performing the operations described herein. Memory unit 204 may include a local cache or random access memory (not shown) and/or a nonvolatile memory (not shown). Memory unit 204 may be used to store programming instructions executed by processor 202. For example, memory unit 204 includes storage management engine 208 and policy based migration engine 210. In the presently described embodiment, each of storage management engine 208 and policy based migration engine 210 are implemented in software. Storage management engine 208 manages cache 106 and the volumes stored therein. In addition, storage management engine 208 controls the movement of data between cache 106 and tape cartridges 120. In one embodiment of the present invention, storage management engine 208 can be implemented by IBM's Tivoli Storage Manager. Policy based migration engine 210, which embodies techniques of the present invention in software form, provides techniques to efficiently manage data storage cartridges 120. As described above, a hierarchical data storage system such as system 100 may comprise thousands of tape cartridges of various formats storing various types of data. In such an environment, it becomes critical to be able to efficiently manage the storage provided by the tape cartridges as well as provide an efficient migration process to migrate data from the existing tape cartridges to newer and/or different formats of tape cartridges, for example. To address these needs, the present invention provides techniques to efficiently manage data on tape cartridges 120. These techniques, described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 3-5, provide the ability to migrate data of various cartridges based on dynamic policies using a reclamation process. In the presently described embodiment, policy based migration engine 210 may be embodied in machine-readable instructions executed by processor 202. The machine-readable instructions may reside on a programmed product comprising signal-bearing media tangibly embodying a program of machine-readable instructions executable by processor 202 to perform method of computation, store or access data, and the like. The signal bearing media may comprise, for example, RAM of memory unit 204. Alternatively, the instructions may be stored in another signal-bearing media, such as ROM 212, diskette, magnetic storage device, optical storage device, or other signal-bearing media including transmission signals such as physical and/or wireless communication links. In the presently described embodiment, the machine readable instructions comprise C language code. It will be recognized that while storage management engine 208 and policy based migration engine 210 are described as implemented in software, each may also be implemented in hardware, a combination of software and hardware, or other compatible media capable of executing the techniques described herein. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that computer 200 may be implemented in a computer having fewer or more components than computer 200. For example, all or part or memory unit 204 may be included on processor 202. Exemplary Policy Based Migration FIG. 3 illustrates a method for defining the policies to be used by policy based migration engine 210 in accordance with the present invention. In the exemplary embodiment, the reclamation policies are defined by a user, for example, through control console 130. In another embodiment, the reclamation policies are defined through commands received from host 102. In still another embodiment, the policies may be implemented by service of the VTS system. For example, a consulting business may have service responsibility for a number of customer systems, including a VTS system. The service responsibilities may include maintenance of the customer systems involving such tasks as system upgrades, error diagnostic, performance tuning and enhancement, installation of new hardware, installation of new software, configuration with other systems, and the like. As part of this service, or as a separate service, the service personnel may configure the VTS according to the techniques described herein so as to efficiently manage the data in the VTS system. For example, such a configuration would involve the loading into memory of computer instructions and proving parameters to the instructions, so when executed, carry out the techniques described herein. These computer instructions can be embodied in policy based migration engine 210. Additionally, the configuration of the VTS in accordance with the techniques described below may be facilitated though a user interface used in conjunction with policy based migration engine 210. Initially in configuring a system for policy based migration, a source pool is selected on which the migration policy is to act (operation 302). The source pool is a logical group of cartridges that are to be reclaimed according to a defined migration policy. Next, a migration policy is selected (operation 304). The migration policy sets the criteria which triggers a reclamation process to initiate the copy of data from a source cartridge to a destination cartridge. In one embodiment of the present invention, the reclamation policies include one or more of a �percent of active data� policy, a �time since last access� policy, a �time since last data written� policy, and a �rate of expiration of data� policy. The �percent of active data� policy is used to reclaim a cartridge when the amount of data on the active data volumes on a cartridge falls below a pre-defined percentage of the overall data on the cartridge when the cartridge was full. The �time since last access� policy is used to reclaim a cartridge when a pre-defined period of time has elapsed since data on the cartridge was accessed (data on a cartridge is accessed when a host requests the data associated with a volume, the cartridge containing the volume is loaded on a tape drive 122 and one or more data records are read from the cartridge). The �time since last data written� policy is used to reclaim a cartridge when a pre-defined period of time has elapsed since data was last written on the cartridge. The �rate of expiration of data� policy is used to reclaim cartridges when a pre-defined period of time has elapsed since a portion of the data on a cartridge became expired. Following selection of one or more of the policies, parameters associated with the selected migration policy are defined (operation 306). For the �percent of active data� policy, a percentage is defined. For the �time since last access�, �time since last data written� and �rate of expiration of data� policies, a period of time is defined. That period of time can be in seconds, hours, days or another suitable measure of time. For the �rate of expiration of data� policy, a minimum percentage of active data on the volume can be defined as well. Next, a target pool is defined (operation 308). The target pool consists of those cartridges which are to receive the active data volumes from the cartridges of the source pool when the migration policy is executed and necessary conditions are satisfied. If there are other source pools for which a migration policy is to be defined (decision block 310), the operations 302-308 are repeated. Otherwise, the definition of the reclamation policies is complete and reclamation evaluations may be performed by the policy based migration engine 210. The evaluation of the reclamation policies may begin by many methods. It may be continuous once the policies have been established or be started based on other criteria. For example, the exemplary policy based migration engine 210 may perform evaluations for reclaimable cartridges periodically, such as an hourly basis, or when processing cycles are available for reclaim or when the number of available scratch cartridges falls below a threshold or other methods know to those skilled in the art. Using such a process, at periodic intervals, policy based migration engine 210 would evaluate each cartridge in a given pool to determine whether the migration conditions are satisfied. If the migration conditions were satisfied, policy based migration engine 210 would initiate the migration of data from that cartridge to a cartridge in the associated destination pool. The source cartridge would then be available as a scratch cartridge, and the process would continue for the remaining cartridges within the pool. This process is described in more detail below. FIG. 4 illustrates, in general terms, operations performed by the preferred embodiment of the policy based migration engine 210 in accordance with the present invention. Policy based migration engine 210 increases the management efficiency of data within a hierarchical data storage system (e.g., system 100) by migrating data, according to defined reclamation policies, from a source cartridge to a destination cartridge more suited to the storage needs of the data. The migration policy sets the criteria which triggers a reclamation process to initiate a copy of data from a source cartridge to a destination cartridge. Reclamation involves evaluating cartridges in an automated tape library 108 to determine if one or more cartridges in the library are eligible for reclaim. If a cartridge within the library is eligible for reclaim, the active data volumes of that cartridge are eligible to be copied to a destination cartridge within a target pool. Accordingly, in operation 402, a first tape cartridge within the library is selected and the migration policy defined for the pool the cartridge is obtained (operation 404). Next, the policy based migration engine 210 determines whether or not the cartridge is eligible for reclaim according to the obtained migration policy (decision block 406). If the cartridge is eligible for reclaim, the process continues to operation 408, were the cartridge is reclaimed (�Yes� branch of decision block 406 and operation 408). In being reclaimed, all active data volumes are migrated from the source cartridge to a destination cartridge with available space in the target pool. The active data volumes are placed end to end, efficiently using the storage space on the cartridge in the target pool. Until the cartridge in the target pool becomes full, data from other reclaimed cartridges can be placed on it as well. When the cartridge has been reclaimed, the process continues to the other cartridges in the library not yet evaluated for reclaim, if any. (�Yes� branch of decision block 410, and operation 412). If, however, the cartridge is not eligible for reclaim, the process continues to check the other cartridges in the library, if any (�No� branch of decision block 406, �Yes� branch of decision block 410 and operation 412). Once all of the cartridges in the library have been checked for eligibility of reclamation (and reclaimed accordingly) (operations 404-412), the process ends. A more detailed description of each migration policy is now provided. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cartridges selected for reclamation evaluation (operations 402 and 412) are selected alphanumerically by their volume serial number. Alternatively, all cartridge selection may occur on a pool by pool basis. Once cartridges in the first pool have been evaluated, cartridges from another pool can be selected for evaluation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that there are many possible criteria for selecting cartridges for evaluation without departing from the scope of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary pooling configuration and is used to aid in the description of the present invention. FIG. 5 includes pools 502 and 504. Pool 502 is a source pool, and includes cartridges 506 having stored thereon active data volumes 508 and inactive data volumes 510. Pool 504 is a target pool and includes cartridges 512 having stored thereon active data volumes 514 and inactive data volumes 516. In one embodiment, pools 502 and 504 are embodied as databases stored in memory unit 204 of computer 200, and the cartridges are included in storage bins or tape drives of hierarchical storage system 100. The cartridges of the pools may be identified in the database by any unique identifier, such as a serial number and volume number of the cartridge (referred to as a volser). Percent of Active Data Migration policy The �percent of active data� migration policy performed by policy based migration engine 210 is described with reference to FIG. 5. Not all data created by a host is kept for long periods of time. For example, data such as host backups may be stored only for as long as a set backup period and then replaced by a subsequent backup image. When data is no longer needed by the host, it is said to have been expired. In the exemplary hierarchical storage system 100, when the host expires data stored within the system, the space the expired data occupies on a cartridge is considered to be inactive space. As the host expires more and more of the data stored on a cartridge, the efficiency of the storage system degrades as more and more space on a cartridge contains inactive data. In addition, the data does not necessarily expire in the order that the data was stored on a cartridge (e.g., sequentially beginning from the first volume on the cartridge). Such an out of order expiration results in regions of active and inactive data volumes across the storage space of the cartridge. It is well known in the art that the inactive data space cannot be used to store new data due to the limitations of tape storage. Accordingly, the �percent of active data� migration policy is defined to be used to identify cartridges to be reclaimed when the amount of active data on a cartridge falls below a pre-defined threshold. In the process of reclaiming the cartridge, the active data volumes are moved to a target cartridge and placed contiguously on that cartridge, freeing up the source cartridge for reuse. For clarity of explanation, the �percent of active data� policy is explained in reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In operation, a �percent of active data� policy is defined for pool 502 and as part of that definition, pool 504 is defined as the target pool. In the presently described embodiment, source pool 502 and target pool 504 contain high capacity cartridges, for example cartridges capable of storing 60 GBs of data. In one embodiment of the present invention, pools 502 and 504 are defined with storage management software (e.g., storage management engine 208). In accordance with the present invention, a cartridge 506 is selected (operations 402 or 412) and the policy assigned for the cartridge is the �percent of active data� policy. Following this assignment, the policy based management software (e.g., policy based management engine 210 of FIG. 2), determines whether the cartridge is to be reclaimed. Such an evaluation may occur at that instant, or at some definite and later period of time. In the present embodiment, a cartridge 506 is eligible to be reclaimed under the �percent of active data� policy if the amount of data on the active data volumes currently on the cartridge relative to the full capacity of the cartridge falls below a pre-defined value (�Yes� branch of the decision block 406). The pre-defined value, for example, may be anywhere in the range from 1 to 99 percent of the storage capacity of the cartridge. When a cartridge contains an amount of inactive data, it is likely to be intermixed with active data and the efficiency of the storage for the cartridge is reduced. Reclaiming the cartridge transfers only the active data volumes to a tape cartridge 512, placing the active data volumes end to end, efficiently using the storage space on the tape cartridge 512, and at the same time, reclamation will provide an empty cartridge 506 to store new data. In determining whether data on cartridge 506 is in need of reclamation, an actual amount of data stored on each cartridge 506 at full capacity is maintained (e.g., maintained in memory unit 204) and a current percentage of active data is calculated based on the amount of data on the current active data volumes and the actual amount of data stored when full and is compared to the pre-defined percentage (decision block 406). If the current percentage of active data on cartridge 506 is less than the pre-defined percentage, the data on cartridge 506 is eligible for reclamation, resulting in the active data volumes being moved to archival cartridge 512 (�Yes� branch of decision block 406 and operation 408). If however, the current percentage of active data on cartridge 506 is greater than or equal to the pre-defined percentage, then the data on cartridge 506 is not eligible to be reclaimed and the active data volumes remain on the cartridges 506 (�No� branch of decision block 406). In one embodiment of the present invention, the actual amount of data stored on a cartridge when the cartridge is full is recorded by storage management engine 208 in memory unit 204 whenever the storage management engine 208 fills the cartridge to capacity. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other methods of obtaining and storing the actual amount of data stored for a cartridge can be implemented. In addition, simply using the maximum capacity for the cartridge can provide a usable value. Once it has been determined that data of a cartridge 506 is eligible for reclamation, the data is migrated to a cartridge having the desired characteristics to store the data (operation 408). In furtherance of this, each volume with active data is copied to available space on cartridges 512 of pool 504 (operation 408). Referring to FIG. 5B, cartridge 506(2) contains enough inactive data volumes 510 such that the amount of active data on the cartridge 506(2) has fallen below the pre-defined percentage. Consequently, to improve the storage efficiency of cartridge 506(2), the active data volumes 508 are copied to data cartridge 512, placing the active data volumes end to end and allowing additional active data to be placed on the cartridge. When all active data volumes of a cartridge 506(2) have been copied, the cartridge 506(2) is eligible for use to store new data. While the presently described embodiment of the �percent of active data� policy is described as above, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present invention can be extended. For example, the present embodiment does not limit the copying of active data volumes to only one pool 504 but may be to a number of cartridges contained in a number of pools. Time Since Last Access Migration policy The �time since last access� migration policy performed by policy based migration engine 210 is now described in accordance with the present invention. In the presently described example, it is desirable to manage the data in a hierarchical data storage system (e.g., system 100) to account for data needing to be accessed relatively quickly as well as data needed to be stored for a lengthy period of time. Some tape cartridge formats provide for relatively fast access of data on the cartridge, while others are designed more for long term storage of data. Generally, there are cost differences between these formats. Accordingly, data performance and cost savings can be gained by efficiently managing the data stored on the various cartridges. Accordingly, a �time since last access� migration policy is defined. In general, the �time since last access� policy addresses the management of data that, when created and for sometime thereafter, has a relatively high likelihood of being accessed by a host and for which access time is important. Accordingly, it is desirable that the data be stored initially on a cartridge having a relatively fast access time. However, at some point after the creation and writing of the data, access to the data may be less frequent. Consequently, the fast access to the data may not be desired, and the data may be transferred to a cartridge having a slower access time, and possibly lower cost. As such, the present invention allows for migration of the infrequently accessed data from cartridges 506 to cartridges 512. For clarity of explanation, the �time since last access� policy is explained in reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In operation, a �time since last access� policy is defined for pool 502 and as part of that definition, pool 504 is defined as the target pool. Source pool 502 contains fast access type storage cartridges, for example cartridges having a typical access time of 20 seconds or less. Target pool 504 includes archival type data cartridges, for example a cartridge capable of storing 300 GB of data or more for an extended period of time (e.g., decades). Typically, the archival type cartridges have relatively slower access times (e.g., 100 seconds). In one embodiment of the present invention, pools 502 and 504 are defined with storage management software (e.g., storage management engine 208). In accordance with the present invention, a cartridge 506 is selected (operations 402 or 412) and the policy obtained for the cartridge is the �time since last access� policy (operation 404). The policy based management software (e.g., policy based management engine 210 of FIG. 2) determines whether the cartridge is to be reclaimed. In the present embodiment, a cartridge 506 is eligible to be reclaimed under the �time since last access� policy if a pre-defined period of time has elapsed since any data on the cartridge has been accessed (�Yes� branch of the decision block 406). The pre-defined period of time, for example, can be anywhere in the range from 1 to 365 days. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that minutes, hours or other methods of measuring time can be used. Reclaiming the cartridge results in the transfer of active data volumes to a tape cartridge 512 more suitable to archival of data rather than providing fast access time, and at the same time, reclamation will provide an empty cartridge 506 to store new data which is frequently accessed. In determining whether data on cartridge 506 is in need of reclamation, an actual last access time to data on each cartridge 506 is maintained (e.g., in memory unit 204) and the difference between the current time and the actual last access time is compared to the pre-defined period of time (decision block 406). If the difference between the current time and the actual last access time for cartridge 506 is greater than or equal to the pre-defined period of time, the data on cartridge 506 is not frequently accessed and is eligible to be reclaimed, resulting in the active data volumes being moved to archival cartridge 512 (�Yes� branch of decision block 406 and operation 408). If however, the difference between the current time and the actual access time for cartridge 506 is less than the pre-defined period of time, then the data on cartridge 506 is considered frequently accessed and is not eligible to be reclaimed and the active data volumes remain on the fast access cartridges (�No� branch of decision block 406). In one embodiment of the present invention, the actual last access time is recorded by storage management engine 208 in memory unit 204 whenever a host 102 accesses data on cartridges 506. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other methods of obtaining and storing the last access time of a cartridge can be implemented. In addition, last access times for the individual volumes stored on the cartridge 506 could also be stored and used in determining if the cartridge is eligible for reclaim. Once it has been determined that data of a cartridge 506 is eligible for reclamation, the data is migrated to a cartridge having the desired characteristics to store the data (operation 408). In furtherance of this, each volume with active data is copied to available space on cartridges 512 of pool 504 (operation 408). Referring to FIG. 5B, it is determined that the data on cartridge 506(2) is infrequently accessed. Consequently, to improve the storage performance of cartridge 506(2), the active data volumes 508 are copied to data cartridge 512, designed for long term storage of data without consideration for fast access time. When all active data volumes of a cartridge 506(2) have been copied, the cartridge 506(2) is eligible for use to store new data for which fast access is an important factor. While the presently described embodiment of the �time since last access� policy is described as above, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present invention can be extended. For example, the present embodiment can be extended to cover the identification and copying of individual volumes from cartridges 506 to cartridges 512. Additionally, copying is not limited to targets of one pool 504 but may be to a number of cartridges contained in a number of pools. Time Since Last Data Written Migration Policy It is desirable to manage the long time archival of data in a hierarchical data storage system (e.g., system 100). Accordingly, a �time since last data written� migration policy performed by policy based migration engine 210 is described in accordance with the present invention. In general, the �time since last data written� policy addresses the management of data that was written to cartridge 506 for long term retention. However, cartridges having improved storage capacity, improved retention time, less cost, and the like may be introduced into the market. Consequently, it would be advantageous to migrate the data from the older technology cartridges to cartridges of newer technology. In the least, the migration would improve the reliability of the storage of data within the hierarchical data storage system, while possibly decreasing the total cost of ownership of the system at the same time. For clarity of explanation, the �time since last data written� policy is described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In operation, pools 502 and 504 are defined as the source and target pools, respectively for the �time since last data written� policy. Source pool 502 contains cartridges designed for long term storage of data, for example IBM 3590 model E1A K media cartridges. Target pool 504 includes cartridges having improved long term storage characteristics as compared to cartridges 506, for example IBM 3592 model J1A JA media cartridges. In one embodiment of the present invention, pools 502 and 504 are defined with storage management software (e.g., storage management engine 208). In accordance with the present invention, a cartridge 506 of pool 502 is selected (operations 402 or 412) and the policy obtained for the cartridge is the �time since last written� policy (operation 404). The policy based management software (e.g., policy based management engine 210 of FIG. 2) determines whether the cartridge is to be reclaimed. In the present embodiment, cartridge 506 is reclaimed under the �time since last data written� policy if a pre-defined period of time has elapsed since any data was written to the cartridge. The pre-defined period of time, for example, can be anywhere in the range from 1-365 days. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that seconds, minutes or other methods of measuring time could be used. Reclaiming the cartridge results in the transfer of active data volumes to a tape cartridge 512 having improved archival properties. Subsequently, cartridges 512 can replace cartridge 506 for the archival of data and cartridge 506 can be removed from the library. In determining whether data on cartridge 506 is in need of reclamation, an actual time since last data written to each cartridge 506 is maintained (e.g., in memory unit 204) and the difference between the current time and the actual last time since data written time is compared to the pre-defined period of time (decision block 406). If the pre-defined period of time has elapsed since the last data was written to cartridge 506, it is assumed that long term storage of the volume is desired and, consequently, the active data volumes on cartridge 506 should be stored on cartridges having preferable long term storage characteristics (�Yes� branch of decision block 406 and operation 408). If however, the pre-defined period of time has not elapsed since the last data was written to cartridge 506, then it is not necessary to transfer the active data volumes on cartridge 506 to another cartridge. In one embodiment of the present invention, the actual time since last data written is recorded by storage management engine 208 in memory unit 204 whenever a host 102 writes data on cartridge 506. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other methods of obtaining and storing the last since last data written of a volume can be implemented. In addition, the time when data was last written for the individual volumes stored on the cartridge 506 could also be stored and used in determining if the cartridge is eligible for reclaim. Referring to FIG. 5B, once it has been determined that data of cartridge 506(2) is eligible for reclamation, the data is migrated (operation 408). In operation, the active data volumes are copied to available space on cartridges 512 of pool 504 (operation 408). In the presently described embodiment, it is determined that a pre-defined period of time has elapsed since any data to cartridge 506(2) was written, and consequently, all active data volumes 508 are copied to data cartridge 512, having improved long term storage characteristics. When all active data volumes of cartridge 506(2) have been copied, the cartridge 506(2) will be eligible for use to store new data or can be removed from the library. In one embodiment of the present invention, the policy based migration software examines pool 502 at a time initiated by a user (e.g., upon the installation of tape drives and tape cartridges having improved storage characteristics the user will want to migrate the data from the older cartridges to the newer cartridges, and use the new cartridges for long term storage). While the presently described embodiment of a �time since last data written� migration policy is described as above, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present invention can be extended. For example, the present embodiment can be extended to cover the identification and copying of a single active data volume from cartridges 506 to cartridges 512. Additionally, copying is not limited to targets of one pool 504 but may be to a number of cartridges contained in a number of pools. Rate of Expiration of Data Migration Policy The �rate of expiration of data� migration policy performed by policy based migration engine 210 is now described in accordance with the present invention. For aid in explanation of the policy, the following description refers to FIGS. 4 and 5. In the presently describe example, it is desirable to maximize the storage efficiency of data cartridges 506 of the system (e.g., system 100). Accordingly, a �rate of expiration of data� migration policy is defined. In general, the �rate of expiration of data� policy addresses the management of data intended for long term storage but initially written to a data cartridge that also has short term storage data written on it. For example, some of the data volumes 508 on cartridges 506 contain short term type data that generally expires a few weeks after being written. However, it is often the case that other data volumes which must be stored longer than a few weeks may also be written to cartridge 506. If most of the data volumes are of the short term storage type, the data generally expires within a few weeks, and the cartridge is reclaimed and used for additional short term storage. However, when using a migration policy such as �percent of active data�, the presence of the long term data volumes can prevent the reclamation of the cartridge until a portion of the long term data has expired as well. Consequently, it is advantageous to reclaim cartridges with long term storage data written on them after the short term storage data has expired, so the storage space of the cartridges can be reclaimed and the cartridges can be reused. In operation, pools 502 and 504 are defined as the source and target pools, respectively with a �rate of expiration of data� policy. Source pool 502 contains cartridges designed for long term storage of data, for example IBM 3590 model E1A K media cartridges. Target pool 504 includes cartridges 512 having improved long term storage characteristics as compared to cartridges 506. In one embodiment of the present invention, pools 502 and 504 are defined with storage management software (e.g., storage management engine 208). In accordance with the present invention, a cartridge 506 of pool 502 is selected (operations 402 or 412) and the policy obtained for the cartridges is the �rate of expiration of data� policy. The policy based management software (e.g., policy based management engine 210 of FIG. 2) determines whether the cartridge is to be reclaimed. In the present embodiment, a cartridge 506 is eligible to be reclaimed under the �rate of expiration of data� policy if a pre-defined period of time has elapsed since any data volume on the cartridge became expired (�Yes� branch of decision block 406). As used herein, a data volume becomes expired when the data stored on it has been expired by a host. The pre-defined period of time can be anywhere in the range from 1-365 days. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that seconds, minutes or other methods of measuring time could be used. Reclaiming the cartridge will transfer the active data volumes to a tape cartridge 512 having improved archival properties. Subsequently, cartridge 512 replaces cartridge 506 for the archival of data, and at the same time, cartridge 506 is now empty and can be used to store new data. In determining whether data on cartridge 506 is in need of reclamation, an actual last time of expiration for each cartridge 506 is maintained (in memory unit 204 for example). If the pre-defined time set by the user has elapsed since the actual last expiration time, the cartridge 506 is eligible for reclaim (�Yes� branch of decision block 406). If however, the pre-defined time has not elapsed since the actual last expiration time for the cartridge 506, then the cartridge 506 is not eligible for reclaim. In one embodiment of the present invention, the actual last time of expiration is recorded by storage management engine 208 in storage unit 204 whenever a host 102 expired the data associated with one of the volumes 510 on cartridge 506. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other methods of obtaining and storing the last time data associated with the cartridge was expired can be implemented. Once it has been determined that data of a cartridge 506 is eligible for reclamation, the data is migrated (operation 408). In furtherance of this, each volume having active data is copied to available space on cartridges 512 of pool 504 (operation 408). Referring to FIG. 5B, it is determined that all of the short term type data volumes of cartridge 506(2) have expired because the pre-defined time set is greater than the expiration cycle of short term type data and that pre-defined time has elapsed since any volume on the cartridge has been expired. Consequently, the active data volumes 508 are copied to data cartridges 512, designed for long term storage of data. When all active data volumes of a cartridge 506(2) have been copied, the cartridge 506(2) will be eligible for use to store new data. In another embodiment of the present invention, in addition to determining if the pre-defined time period has elapsed since the last expiration of data on the cartridge, the amount of active data remaining on the cartridge 506(2) can be considered in the determination if the cartridge is eligible for reclamation. It is preferable that the active data on a cartridge 506 fall below the pre-defined threshold and that the pre-defined time has elapsed since data on the cartridge was expired for the cartridge to be reclaimed. This is preferable to prevent a cartridge from being needlessly reclaimed repeatedly when it contains only long term data. While the presently described embodiment of the �rate of expiration of data� policy is described as above, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present invention can be extended. For example, the present embodiment can be extended to include expiration of records or groups of records of data or the identification and copying of a single active data volume from cartridges 506 to cartridges 512. Additionally, copying is not limited to targets of one pool 504 but may be to a number of cartridges contained in a number of pools. While the descriptions above have been provided in relation to the examination of cartridges and data on cartridges, other techniques of evaluating data for reclaim may be used. For example, the relevant data associated with the cartridges may be stored as records in a database. Such an exemplary database is described below with reference to FIG. 6. Exemplary Database FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary database 600 used for storing information used in accordance with the present invention. Database 600, stored in memory unit 204, includes fields 602 which identify characteristics associated with volumes of a particular cartridge assigned to a particular pool. Pool ID field 602(1) identifies the pool to which the volume in Vol ID field 602(2) is assigned. Vol ID field 602(2) identifies a particular volume of data stored on a storage media (e.g., a tape cartridge in the presently described embodiment). In the presently described embodiment the Vol ID field 602(2) includes a combination of the volume number and a unique serial number which identifies the cartridge on which the volume is stored (this combination is referred to a volser). Full Capacity field 602(3) identifies the full capacity of the cartridge (e.g., the amount of data the cartridge is capable of storing). Percent of Active Data field 602(4) identifies the percentage of active data on the cartridge. Last Access field 602(5) identifies the time any data on the volume in Vol ID field 602(2) was last accessed. Last Written field 602(6) identifies the time any data to the volume in Vol ID field 602(2) was written to the cartridge. Last Expired field 602(7) identifies the time a host expired (if at all) any data on the volume identified by Vol ID field 602(2). Policy field 602(8) identifies the data migration policy associated with the Vol ID field 602(2). In the presently described embodiment, Policy field 602(8) is assigned by associating the policy with a pool. Cartridges (and volumes) which are assigned to the pool thus become subject to the policy. Migration field 602(9) indicates whether or not the conditions of the policy of Policy field 602(8) have been satisfied such that the volume of Vol ID field 602(2) is to be migrated. In operation (e.g., of the techniques described in FIG. 4), policy based migration engine need only scan fields 602 of database 600 to determine the volumes to migrate. At each occurrence, or at some later time, the particular volumes may then be migrated. Advantages of this implementation are the speed at which the policies may be evaluated, and that such techniques may be performed without impacting the host application. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the values for fields 602 may be represented any number of ways, including combining fields and separating fields. Further, the fields may be present in a single database or in separate databases or files where an application may use a database key to associate particular fields with one another. Combination of Policies While the presently described embodiment of each of the policies, �percent of active data�, �time since last access�, �time since last data written� and �rate of expiration of data� are described individually, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that in examining a cartridge 506 to determine its eligibility for reclaim, a combination of the policies can be used. For example, a cartridge 506 could be evaluated for both the �percent of active data� and �time since last data written� policies and if either criterion for reclaim is satisfied, the cartridge 506 would be reclaimed. In addition, instead of examining each cartridge and reclaiming it if eligible, the examination could be done separate and apart from the actual reclamation, resulting in a list of cartridges to be reclaimed. The reclaim step could further determine the order in which the volumes are reclaimed based on criteria such as reclaiming first those cartridges that have the smallest amount of active data on them to move, and/or first reclaiming cartridges of a type that are needed to store new data, and/or first reclaiming cartridges of a type which contain data having a high level of priority and importance. Furthermore, the migration of data is not limited to tape cartridges but may also include the migration of data from a tape cartridge to another storage device such as DASD, optical media, flash memory, combinations thereof, and the like. Moreover, while the present invention has been described with respect to a VTS system, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present invention can be implemented in other systems, including an automated tape library. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7552271 *Jul 21, 2006Jun 23, 2009Sandisk CorporationNonvolatile memory with block managementUS7558905 *May 8, 2006Jul 7, 2009Sandisk CorporationReclaiming data storage capacity in flash memory systemsUS7558906 *Jul 21, 2006Jul 7, 2009Sandisk CorporationMethods of managing blocks in nonvolatile memoryUS7590666 *Jun 16, 2006Sep 15, 2009Microsoft CorporationPredicting capacity consumption in a memory componentUS7640345Sep 27, 2006Dec 29, 2009Emc CorporationInformation managementUS7680830 *May 31, 2005Mar 16, 2010Symantec Operating CorporationSystem and method for policy-based data lifecycle managementUS7752312 *Mar 27, 2007Jul 6, 2010Emc CorporationGlobal view of service areas/local view of service needsUS7870104 *Jun 6, 2008Jan 11, 2011Hitachi, Ltd.Storage system and storage device archive control methodUS8046366Mar 27, 2007Oct 25, 2011Emc CorporationOrchestrating indexingUS8135685Sep 27, 2006Mar 13, 2012Emc CorporationInformation classificationUS8250123Jan 20, 2010Aug 21, 2012International Business Machines CorporationContactless IC memory on removeable mediaUS8291245 *Jun 25, 2009Oct 16, 2012International Business Machines CorporationMethod, apparatus and system for reducing power consumption based on storage device data migrationUS8346748Mar 30, 2007Jan 1, 2013Emc CorporationEnvironment classification and service analysisUS8458422 *Jun 29, 2011Jun 4, 2013Oracle America, Inc.Policy based creation of export sets and backup mediaUS8522248Sep 28, 2007Aug 27, 2013Emc CorporationMonitoring delegated operations in information management systemsUS8543615Mar 30, 2007Sep 24, 2013Emc CorporationAuction-based service selectionUS8548964Sep 28, 2007Oct 1, 2013Emc CorporationDelegation of data classification using common languageUS8612570Jun 30, 2007Dec 17, 2013Emc CorporationData classification and management using tap network architectureUS8762995 *Feb 28, 2008Jun 24, 2014Hitachi, Ltd.Computing system, method of controlling the same, and system management unit which plan a data migration according to a computation job execution scheduleUS8832246Sep 27, 2006Sep 9, 2014Emc CorporationService level mapping methodUS8868720Sep 28, 2007Oct 21, 2014Emc CorporationDelegation of discovery functions in information management systemUS8938457Mar 7, 2012Jan 20, 2015Emc CorporationInformation classificationUS8949525 *Apr 14, 2011Feb 3, 2015Spotify, ABMethod of setting up a redistribution scheme of a digital storage systemUS20110258383 *Apr 14, 2011Oct 20, 2011Spotify Ltd.Method of setting up a redistribution scheme of a digital storage systemUS20130124675 *Mar 22, 2012May 16, 2013Sang-dok MOApparatus and method for software migration in mobile environment* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification1/1, 707/999.2International ClassificationG06F17/30Cooperative ClassificationG06F3/0686, G06F3/0647, G06F3/0682, G06F3/0608, G06F3/0685European ClassificationG06F3/06A2C, G06F3/06A6L4H, G06F3/06A6L4L, G06F3/06A6L2T, G06F3/06A4H2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 1, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW YFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KISHI, GREGORY T.;NORMAN, MARK A.;PEAKE, JONATHAN W.;REEL/FRAME:015643/0972Effective date: 20041022RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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text:
Teaching Big Shots to Behave (and Other Human Resources Challenges): Esq. Stephen M. Paskoff: 9780975895009: Amazon.com: Books
Esq. Stephen M. Paskoff (Author)
Publisher: Employment Learning Innovation (2004)
ISBN-10: 0975895001
ISBN-13: 978-0975895009
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #409,955 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

type: global

value: This website is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.


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Alter image to fade left &amp; right edges to a single color | Banner Design | Graphic Design | Photoshop
Alter image to fade left & right edges to a single color
I need the attached image edited to fade the left and right edges into a consistent dark blue color (use the darkest part of the existing image as a reference - the bottom right hand corner), to allow me to seemelessly embed the image into a website banner.
The image is to be widened as needed to perform the blending (i.e., it should not be cropped or any part of the existing image altered).
I also want a 'filler' image (slice, whatever it is called), which is the same color as the newly colored left & right edges of the main image and is 20 pixels wide and at least the same height as the main image. This will be used to pad out the space either side of the main image on the banner (repeating over and over, depending on the width of the screen of the person looking at the page).
I need this ASAP, so if you can't do it immediately, please dont bid.
See more: fade left side image, to hand out, graphic design pad, graphic design blue color, out right, blue pixels, pad design, image to, Image alter, blue corner, alter, alter i, fade screen, image person, banner bottom, image hand, part image, part image color, website side left, right person, left, slice color, image blending, attached image, fade image
Project ID: #1130366
Hello, I'm ready to start it IMMEDIATELY and finish [url removed, login to view]
alabh001
will finish the job within a day and will provide updates on estimated time of completion

value: This website is an Australian freelance marketplace website, which allows potential employers to post jobs that freelancers can then bid to complete. Founded in 2009, its headquarters is located in Sydney, Australia, though it also has offices in Vancouver, London, Buenos Aires, Manila, and Jakarta.


text:
9780618884179 - Alibris
ISBN: 9780618884179
0618884173
Alibris ID: 14616062295
by Miss Read Staff
Alibris ID: 14621155353
Alibris ID: 14559412214
Alibris ID: 14566222324
Alibris ID: 9747835382
ISBN 0618884173. Trade Paperback. Later Printing. Near Fine Condition. Tight, bright, attractive copy with no markings to the book. Like new condition.
Alibris ID: 14193509636
Alibris ID: 14467049952
Alibris ID: 13923307231
Alibris ID: 13923229783
Alibris ID: 13522708805

value: This website is is an online store that sells new books, used books, out-of-print books, rare books, and other media through an online network of independent booksellers.


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Diamond Billiards (10)
Was $6,518.73
Installation NOT INCLUDED. Felt Cloth and Playing Equipment Not Included. Assembly Required, Professional Installation Recommended. Elegant styling and commercial quality. Ball return model. 3-Piece, 1 in. thick Brazilian slate bed, book matched and honed to 1/1000 thick of an in.. Superior sub-fram…
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Northwoods Billiards Pine Ponderosa 8' Pool Table
Features: -Product Type:Standard pool tables -Style:Rustic -Frame Finish:Brown -Playing Surface Finish:Red -Frame Material:Solid wood -Play Surface Material:Slate -Fabric Material:Wool -Number of Items Included:12 -Drop Pockets Included:Yes -Ball Return System:No -Table Size:Bar size (7' in length) …
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Features: -All logs have been hand peeled.-Its signature spotting point is cut from Black Walnut.-Pockets are made of leather.-Each table is unique in that each knot has its own character.-Perfect for the person looking for that rustic look. Dimensions: -Suggested minimum room: 156'' W x 192'' D.-Ov…
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value: This website is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets , discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas.


text:
Simply amazing: Staff is friendly and very helpful - Review of Copley House - TripAdvisor
“The staff were so friendly and helpful and went...”
“Sure it's not the Ritz-Carlton, but the room was...”
“Dingy and cold”
“Close to the subway- we were disappointed with...”
“Near many of the places that we wanted to go to”
“None of these things were deal breakers for me...”
“The room was cleaned every day, the bed is very...”
“Keep in mind, the rooms are tiny”
“The best thing about the property is its location”
“Near Prudential Center, Boston Commons and the...”
“Great room, comfy bed, cozy bed linen, useful...”
“Close to the Prudential Center, on a nice quiet...”
“Copley House on St. Botolph”
“Great location! The parking at $15 a day was very...”
“Great place near Northeastern University and Prudential...”
“Close to everything in the back bay”
Simply amazing: Staff is friendly and very helpful - Review of Copley House
kat_thelgorion
Everything was perfect. I will return here every time I'll go to Boston. It simply couldn't be any better. Right in the center, walking distance from Back Bay, clean and beautiful and incredibly cozy and for very reasonable price. Staff is friendly and very helpful. I can strongly recommend.
Ask kat_thelgorion about Copley House
2 Thank kat_thelgorion
CopleyHouseBoston, Manager at Copley House, responded to this reviewResponded January 13, 2014
This is so fantastic to hear! I really appreciate you staying with us, and I'm thrilled to know you had such a nice trip in Boston. Hopefully we'll see you back in the city soon!
All reviews newton st studio apartment prudential center main building great location small kitchen dining table minute walk sofa bed bay area full kitchen quiet street walking distance two blocks third floor whole foods back bay station
435 - 441 of 773 reviews
SteveG G
Wonderful Boston location in a renovated townhouse
Copley "House" is a group of apartments in houses in the Copley Square neighborhood. The location is superb, within easy walking distance of the Boston Fine Arts Museum, Copley Square (with Trinity Church, Old South church, and the Boston Public Library - the latter well worth seeing for its art and architecture), Back Bay shops and restaurants, and the Boston Common. In good weather it would be feasible to walk to Beacon Hill, Chinatown, and beyond, and non-walkers can use the nearby "T" stop (Boston subway). Our "medium studio" apartment was quiet, clean, and reasonably priced, a parking space right on the property a couple of steps from the house was available for just $15 per day extra, and the staff was friendly and helpful.
Now, the particular townhouse where we stayed (215 West Newton, a block down from the main office) is probably more than a century old, and although renovated it had some disadvantages typical of a multi-apartment renovation from that era: the entrance door opened the wrong way into the small kitchen space; there was little hot water at morning times of peak use; and the window blinds didn't permit fully darkening the sleeping area. Also, the policy is not to confirm availability of the excellent, inexpensive parking described above until the morning of the rental. (If it hadn't been available, the off-site alternatives would have been much more expensive and further away.)
These disadvantages were minor compared to the advantages noted above. We would certainly stay at Copley House again.
Ask SteveG G about Copley House
4 Thank SteveG G
First and foremost, thank you for staying with us, Steve. From the list of local attractions you mentioned, it sounds like you had a wonderful time in the city. I'm very happy to hear that.
Additionally, I appreciate all the feedback you left for us, both positive and constructive. We are continuously working hard to efficiently improve based upon all guest feedback. Your points will absolutely prove to be helpful as we grow. So, thanks!
Again, I hope you had a great time in the city, and hopefully we'll see you again someday.
The best accommodation for a stay in Boston
When we arrived we were pleasantly surprised of how close it was of the heart of Boston.
We stayed in apt 209 a little further down the street of the main building and thought that the place was very cute.
Only downfalls were that the bathroom was a little small and there were no drapes to stop the morning sun from coming into the room.
Other than that we were completly satisfied with our stay and would recommend anyone to stay there.
The Copley House will defenitely be the top of our list option for our next stay in Boston.
Ask Carineaj about Copley House
3 Thank Carineaj
CopleyHouseBoston, Manager at Copley House, responded to this reviewResponded January 6, 2014
Thanks so much for staying with us! I'm thrilled to hear you had such a nice stay in Boston. We're lucky to call this beautiful city home.
I also appreciate the feedback about the bathroom and drapes. It's certainly something I will look into!
Me and a couple classmates were coming in to Boston for a national professional development conference. On college student budgets getting together the money for the trip was difficult and left us searching for a hotel when all the special group rates at the larger hotels had been booked up already. The best rates we found were at Copley house so we booked it less than a month in advance. Copley house was very accommodating, especially considering we needed a ground floor apt. due to one member of our party being disabled. The only possible complaints I could come up with is that the apartments appeared much larger in the pictures than in real life and that one outlet in our kitchen didn't work. Copley house turned out to be literally one block from the prudential/hynes center where our conference was held and was actually closer than many of the hotels which other conference attendees were staying at, plus the convenience of having a kitchen and a small grocery store less than half a block saved us a lot on take out food. I've seen other reviews saying the apartments weren't very insulated, but the one we were in was so toasty warm that we had to crack the windows a few times despite the snowy weather outside. I was put off when making the reservation about parking costing $15 per night because where I'm from it's NEVER more than $5, but was surprised when I learned that friends in other hotels were paying double that for parking, so even their parking rates turned out to be a steal! The people in the office were very nice, navigating the back alleys to get behind the brownstones for parking was difficult for us to figure out and find where exactly we were supposed to go, and the front desk lady actually came out and parked our car for us since we were having trouble. Several highways are within a few blocks so when we did venture out by car it was really easy with GPS to get to the areas we were interested in visiting, even Walden pond which is notoriously hard to find. The location was perfect the price beat all the competition and the convenience/ comfort and service were top notch. Definitely would recommend Copley house to any friends planning on visiting Boston!
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3 Thank Shaina81
CopleyHouseBoston, Manager at Copley House, responded to this reviewResponded December 30, 2013
Thank you for staying with us! I'm so pleased to hear that your trip went smoothly, and I really appreciate you writing a review about your experience. We work very hard to make sure our guests get the most out of Boston. It's such a wonderful city. Sounds like you were able to get out and explore Massachusetts as well. Walden Pond is beautiful and has such an interesting history.
I also appreciate the additional detail you left that we can learn from. We are under new management as of this year and are constantly looking for ways to improve for our guests. Your review will prove to be a big help.
Anytime you're back in Boston, we'd love to have you stay with us again.
BmoreHon_12
It's a wonderful location. Convenient to everything. We had a basement studio which worked out fine.We were there during a major conference. It was convenient to the shuttle pick up location. The first evening was a bit cold as the room did not have good heating. We thought it was our imagination. At midnight, I called the maintenance number but no one picked up. I went back upstairs to the reception. It turned out they had turned down the heat because they were hot. They brought us a space heater. It was much improved and we were able to sleep comfortably there after. That said, we also thought that the remote in the room worked as both ac/heater, but we were mistaken.
otherwise, the place is a quaint historical building. The wall to our room was a bit thin, next to the housekeeping room in the basement. The stairs could stand a bit of vacuuming. It would be a challenge for a the physically challenged who we had with us assigned to the second flr. Luckily we were there for a very brief 2 evenings so he didn't pack a large suitcase.
Safe neighborhood. There are lots of eateries around and walking to everywhere if you're a walker. There's a beautiful pedestrian corridor down the bloack from the building. It's quite lovely.
Room Tip: Good for long stays, fully equip kitchen.
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2 Thank BmoreHon_12
Thanks so much for choosing to stay with us, and for sharing your experience. We're under new management this year, and guest feedback is so important to us. You left some fantastic detail (i.e. downstairs walls, vacuumed staircase, etc.) that is going to be very helpful for us moving forwards. Much appreciated.
Aside from that, it sounds like you had a lovely stay. I hope you had a fantastic time in Boston, it's such a great city to get out and explore.
Short Family Adventure
Great location, very quiet, budget friendly, safe neighborhood even at midnight ( we walked from the Theater District to the apartment) Good local food places around ( Mike's Diner and Flour)
The room itself was just a bit small, but it's doable given that most of the time should be spend doing great things in a great city anyway.
It's tucked away as...use again when in Boston!
Room Tip: Please don't rent a room when construction is going on right above it...
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2 Thank Sunflowersmiles
CopleyHouseBoston, Manager at Copley House, responded to this reviewResponded December 19, 2013
Thank you for staying with us! I certainly agree with your food recommendations. Mike's and Flour are two of our favorite places to eat. We're fortunate to have the location we do because this area of Boston is becoming a cultural center and some incredible chefs are opening restaurants around us. Next time you're here, I would also highly recommend Toro, Equator and The Beehive.
I'm happy to hear you had a wonderful time in Boston. Hopefully we'll see you again someday.
if you love brownstones & quiet streets
We'll take eccentricity and insufficient sound insulation in return for a walkable historic neighborhood, (South End) gorgeous park half a block away (Southwest Corridor), walking distance from BAck Bay Station and Copley/Prudential shops. Whole Foods half a mile away. We stayed in room 104 (studio in central building) with a more than adequate kitchenette, including pots and cutting board. Only drawback terrible sound insulation and 4 guys who came in late and kept us up 2 nights in a row. If you like spotless cookie-cutter new hotel rooms, this is not your place. If you love the Tabard Inn in DC, you'll probably like this too.
Room Tip: we liked 104 in main building ground floor but didn't see others... quiet at back of house.
Ask MillValleyTrueLotus about Copley House
2 Thank MillValleyTrueLotus
CopleyHouseBoston, Manager at Copley House, responded to this reviewResponded December 9, 2013
Great review! I really appreciate the points of feedback you left for us. We're under new management as of this year and guest feedback is absolutely a priority for us as we constantly take steps to make Copley House an incredible value in the heart of Back Bay. The note you left about sound insulation in 104 will prove to be very helpful for us moving forward.
Thank you for choosing us for your stay and hopefully we'll see you again someday!
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Amazon.co.uk: Customer Reviews: The Columbus Affair
4.0 out of 5 stars I'm a huge fan of his work
i really wanted to love this book, there were great characters real characters in Tom Sagan and Rabbi Bernstein, but Bene Rowe and the Simon were just too OTT and confused this book between an OTT action thriller and a well thought out well researched historical time slip thriller.The columbus mystery was something new to me and reading the end of the book...
Read the full review › Published on 15 May 2012 by Parm
2.0 out of 5 stars WHY DID HE BOTHER WITH THIS?
I bought this book on the strength of his other works that I have read. On the whole it seemed like it would be a straightforward historical thriller, however after the first few chapters I had, like one other reviewer here, lost the will to continue with it.Persevere with it I did and I later (Much,much later) finished it on the ferry to France (bad...
Read the full review › Published on 16 Aug 2012 by W. J. Macgregor
2.0 out of 5 stars WHY DID HE BOTHER WITH THIS?, 16 Aug 2012
This review is from: The Columbus Affair (Hardcover)
I bought this book on the strength of his other works that I have read. On the whole it seemed like it would be a straightforward historical thriller, however after the first few chapters I had, like one other reviewer here, lost the will to continue with it.Persevere with it I did and I later (Much,much later) finished it on the ferry to France (bad weather,delays, nothing else to read) This was a desperately poor offering from Steve Berry and I was hoping that 'Cotton Malone' would make a guest staring appearance at some stage in the story line to rescue this offering from sinking without a trace.
4.0 out of 5 stars I'm a huge fan of his work, 15 May 2012
i really wanted to love this book, there were great characters real characters in Tom Sagan and Rabbi Bernstein, but Bene Rowe and the Simon were just too OTT and confused this book between an OTT action thriller and a well thought out well researched historical time slip thriller.The columbus mystery was something new to me and reading the end of the book seperating fact from fiction was very enlightening. The history of Jamaica and the Maroons was also amazingly interesting and has left me wanting more. It was that education and created desire that lifted this from a 3 star to a 4 star bookI hope that Steve works this confused plotting for the next as I'm a huge fan of his work. The amber room is one of my favorite WW2 based Thrillers.this new book is worth a read but don't let it get ahead of some of the highly recommended stuff in my reviews.At the same time dont pass it by.I look forward to what Steve writes next (and hope to see more of Cottom Malone)Buy it(Parm)Product DescriptionTom Sagan is staring down the barrel of a gun. He has lost everything he ever loved: his job, his wife, his daughter, his reputation.What hurts most is that he knows his Pulitzer Prize-winning career as a journalist was sabotaged. He was set up, but he can't prove it. They - whoever they are - have beaten him. So he decides to end his life. But before he can pull the trigger, an enigmatic stranger appears.Zachariah Simon has Tom's estranged daughter at his mercy. What he wants is something only Tom can supply. It's the key to a five hundred-year-old mystery, one with explosive consequences in the modern world.On a perilous quest that takes them from Vienna, to Prague and finally to the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, the two men square off in a dangerous game. Along the way, both of their lives will forever be altered - and everything we know about Christopher Columbus will change.
4.0 out of 5 stars The Columbus Affair, 4 April 2014
By J.MUIRHEAD - See all my reviews
Interesting read a great deal of adventure and it kept you guessing throughout the book. Is it fact or fiction it kept you thinking.
5.0 out of 5 stars The Columbus Affair, 27 Jan 2014
4.0 out of 5 stars Godo tale!, 20 Dec 2013
Steve B has the knack of narrating well, and whilst there is a similarity to the storyline, there is still the urgency, the page turning will, which I haven't found recently amongst other authors - a good read.
4.0 out of 5 stars Good book, 4 Oct 2013
Good book, interesting read. Not Steve Berry's best book, but it will keep you turning pages. Books condition as advertised and arrived quickly and well packaged.
5.0 out of 5 stars excellent plot, 2 Oct 2013
By S. Manian "subdoc" (westmidlands,uk) - See all my reviews
what a good plot and kept me up to finish it in one go. highly recommended,un put downable keep it up
2.0 out of 5 stars A waste of time, 13 May 2013
By A B. - See all my reviews
I am a fan of Steve Berry and his Cotton Malone series. I have read all his books and unfortunately this is his worst. The history of Jamaica and Columbus is interesting, but this information can be found elsewhere. The characters in this book did not resonate with me at all. The character of Tom Sagan has some redeeming qualities. The character of his daughter Alle does not. She comes across as a selfish, bitter woman. I found this book to be extremely disappointing and would not recommend it.


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Roland1405 comments on What's your most shocking and emotional moment in football?jump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | AskReddit-funny-pics-videos-worldnews-gifs-todayilearned-news-gaming-aww-movies-Showerthoughts-mildlyinteresting-tifu-Jokes-television-explainlikeimfive-nottheonion-food-Fitness-LifeProTips-science-IAmA-OldSchoolCool-TwoXChromosomes-photoshopbattles-personalfinance-space-sports-askscience-dataisbeautiful-Music-DIY-Futurology-UpliftingNews-WritingPrompts-creepy-Art-EarthPorn-GetMotivated-nosleep-Documentaries-books-history-InternetIsBeautiful-philosophy-gadgets-listentothis-announcements-blogmore » soccercommentsrelatedWant to join? Log in or sign up in seconds.|Englishlimit my search to /r/socceruse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 10 Mar 201462 points (81% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postsoccersubscribeunsubscribe409,433 readers2,554 users here nowGet your team crest from soccerbot.
616263What's your most shocking and emotional moment in football? (self.soccer)submitted 1 year ago * by Dinamo Zagrebsapitobej281 commentsshareloading...sorted by: besttopnewcontroversialoldrandomq&ayou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–]Bayern MünchenRoland1405 18 points19 points20 points 1 year ago* (1 child)I can't speak for other Bayern fans, but for me it was 1999. We hadn't won that thing in 23 years and we had great opportunities to put that game to rest, and then lose this way, two goals in injure-time, it was devastating. The first time a game literally cost me a nights sleep. Edit: Typo permalinkembedsaveparentgive gold[–]GatsbysNuts 6 points7 points8 points 1 year ago (0 children)Kuffour - I've never seen such agony before or since.
permalinkembedsaveparentgive goldPosts are automatically archived after 6 months.Got Itaboutblogaboutvaluesteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpsite rulesFAQwikireddiquettetransparencycontact usapps & toolsAlien Blue iOS appmobile betabuttons<3reddit goldreddit storeredditgiftsUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy (updated). © 2016 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.Advertise - sportscreate a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember meget the best of reddit emailed to you once a week. learn moresign uplog inusername:password:remember mereset passwordlog inBy signing up, you agree to our Terms and that you have read our Privacy Policy and Content Policy.English [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is]italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 28657 on app-395 at 2016-02-10 10:24:38.253376+00:00 running 2c0ab6b country code: US.

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LOT4 Fishing Topwater Lure Bait 5 6 g | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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Activism in a digital society - Richard Stallman in INT's ENLIGHTENMENT MINUTES : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive
Activism in a digital society - Richard Stallman in INT's ENLIGHTENMENT MINUTES
[archiveorg ActivismInADigitalSociety-RichardStallmanInIntsEnlightenmentMinutes width=560 height=384 frameborder=0 webkitallowfullscreen=true mozallowfullscreen=true]
Graphic Violence Graphic Sexual Content Spam, Scam or Fraud Broken or Empty Data moviesActivism in a digital society - Richard Stallman in INT's ENLIGHTENMENT MINUTES Topics Richard Stallman, Linux, Software, Hack, Hacker, hacking, foss, open source, free software, Richard Stallman, MacArthur-Award-winner, freedom activist, and founder of the Free Software Foundation, discusses the importance of activism and hacker vigilance - in INT's ENLIGHTENMENT MINUTES. This video interview is being made available under the following Creative Commons license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ Subscribe to the Intelligent Channel today!
download 1 file MPEG4 download download 1 file OGG VIDEO download download 1 file TORRENT download download 25 Files
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Entrevista a Richard Stallman Oct 21, 2013

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Retail Automation Market Worth $973.67 Billion by 2018 -- DALLAS, September 24, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --
See more news releases in Retail | Banking & Financial Services | Surveys, Polls and Research Retail Automation Market Worth $973.67 Billion by 2018	DALLAS, September 24, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --

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Revision as of 20:38, 20 October 2011 (view source)
{{Record_Search_article|location=United States|CID=CID1674839|title=Kansas Births and Christenings, 1818-1936}} <br>
"Kansas Births and Christenings, 1818-1936." Index, ''FamilySearch'' ([https://www.familysearch.org https://www.familysearch.org]): accessed March 11, 2011. entry for Kenneth D. Phillips, born 7 March 1906; Citing Birth Records, FHL microfilm 1,535,822; Index entries derived from digital copies of original and compiled records.
<!--bibdescbegin-->"Kansas Births and Christenings, 1818-1936," Index, "FamilySearch" (https://familysearch.org). Index includes the IGI, digital copies of original records, and compiled records. FHL digital and microfilm copies. Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. <!--bibdescend-->

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Blacklight Slide in Fort Washington, MD | Groupon
6/17/17 at 7:00 p.m.: Registration for One
Promotional value expires Jun 17, 2017. Limit 6 per person. Online registration required. Refundable only on day of purchase. Discount reflects merchant's current ticket prices, which may change. $6.44 ticketing fee applied at time of registration. Parking fees may apply. Customers must provide email for pre-registration purposes. Event's standard cancellation policy applies after registration is complete. Must provide email address at checkout which we will provide to facilitate registration. Merchant is solely responsible to purchasers for the care and quality of the advertised goods and services. Offer is not eligible for our promo codes or other discounts.

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K. Inomata - Semantic Scholar
Tilman Lamparter33
N. Tezuka21
Franz Mittmann18
Norbert Michael17
F Nasu16
21N. Tezuka
16F Nasu
15Patrick Scheerer
Yuriko Yamagata, K. Inomata
Yuriko Yamagata, H. Inoue, K. Inomata
A. Okada, K. Inomata, Takayuki Nagae
Exocytosis of cortical granules (CGs) and the concomitant electron density changes of the zona pellucida (ZP) in the absence of sperm penetration were investigated in mouse oocytes processed with… (More)
Keiko Sasaki, I. Oota, K. Wada, K. Inomata, Hideyo Ohshika, Makoto Haga
Condensation of oligoglycines with trimeta- and tetrametaphosphate in aqueous solutions
Junpei Yamanaka, K. Inomata, Yukio Yamagata
The dehydration condensation of glycine with trimetaphosphate in aqueous solution has been reinvestigated. Although it has been reported that the condensation of glycine under the alkaline conditions… (More)
Single artificial-atom lasing.
O. Astafiev, K. Inomata, +4 authors J. S. Tsai
Solid-state superconducting circuits are versatile systems in which quantum states can be engineered and controlled. Recent progress in this area has opened up exciting possibilities for exploring… (More)
Yuriko Yamagata, K. Sasaki, +5 authors Ippei Matsumoto
Esther Menzel, R. Di Candia, +13 authors R. Gross
Path entanglement constitutes an essential resource in quantum information and communication protocols. Here, we demonstrate frequency-degenerate entanglement between continuous-variable quantum… (More)
Robust feedforward tracking control based on sudden disturbance observer and ZPET control for optical disk recording system
T. Miyazaki, Kohshi Ohishi, K. Inomata, Kouji Kuramochi, Dai Koide, Dr. T. Tokumaru
This paper proposes a new robust tracking servo system for optical disk recording system with feedforward controller and sudden disturbance observer. In optical recording systems, the tracking servo… (More)

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Chimp Hug | Amazing ANIMALS | Pinterest
Chimps Hug to Show Support This is a pretty cool article that I ran across on the Discovery Channel Website. It talks about hugging and kissing. As most of you already know, chimps are our closest genetic relatives. Chimpanzee, Friends, Animal Rights, Animal Baby, Chimp, Baby Animal, Pan Troglodyt, Vegans Quotes, Monkey
Found on fluffybun123.blogspot.com Two young Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
by Karl Ammann on Getty Images Keary Missler
by j.a.kok 80
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by photofest2009 - Kathy Newton 294
Six month old chimpanzee with Mom. Sweetwaters Chimpanzee Sanctuary, Kenya
Why Trade Like A Monkey?
Taking a stand Pin it
Love!!! If you like this item, please click www.shopprice.co.za

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The Wise Men's Story: Karen Williamson: 9781781282830 - Christianbook.com
CBD Stock No: WW282830
The Wise Men's Story Bible Mini-Pop Book by Karen Williamson, and illustrated by Lucy Barnard, is a fun and interactive learning book for kids. Introduce your little ones to the very first Christmas with five scenes on the wise men from the nativity story , with each page featuring pop-ups. Recommended for ages 3 to 5 years.
Format: HardcoverNumber of Pages: 12Vendor: Candle BooksPublication Date: 2016Dimensions: 5.25 X 5.00 (inches)ISBN: 1781282838ISBN-13: 9781781282830Ages: 3-5
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This website is a Christian catalog and internet retailer.
Christian Book Distributors was started in 1978 by Stephen Hendrickson, 19 years old and a sophomore at Central Bible College in Springfield, Missouri, out of his parents’ home in Lynn, Massachusetts.


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