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Patent US5238328 - System for coextruded innerduct with filled outer layer - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA coextruded innerduct which would include an outer layer of polyethylene, impregnated or filled with a filler material, such as calcium carbonate, talc, microglass beads or strands, or any material which would reduce the contraction and expansion properties of the polyethylene innerduct in relation...http://www.google.com/patents/US5238328?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5238328 - System for coextruded innerduct with filled outer layerAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5238328 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/824,071Publication dateAug 24, 1993Filing dateJan 23, 1992Priority dateJan 23, 1992Fee statusPaidPublication number07824071, 824071, US 5238328 A, US 5238328A, US-A-5238328, US5238328 A, US5238328AInventorsRobert M. Adams, Andrew J. CousinOriginal AssigneeAdams Robert M, Cousin Andrew JExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (9), Referenced by (34), Classifications (13), Legal Events (10) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem for coextruded innerduct with filled outer layer
US 5238328 AAbstract
A coextruded innerduct which would include an outer layer of polyethylene, impregnated or filled with a filler material, such as calcium carbonate, talc, microglass beads or strands, or any material which would reduce the contraction and expansion properties of the polyethylene innerduct in relation to the properties of the outer casing, and an inner layer of unfilled polyethylene innerduct which would provide for a smooth surface, to lower the coefficient of friction between itself and the fiber optic cables being pulled therethrough. There is further provided a lubricity agent added to the inner layer, and the innerduct is positioned as part of a multi-cell system when installed for use.
1. An innerduct system for housing a fiber optic cable therethrough, said innerduct system comprising:a) an innerduct, which includes:i. a first polyethylene material layer, said layer highly filled with a compound for providing a low expansion and contraction qualities, and for establishing rigidity in the outer layer; and ii. a second inner layer of non filled polyethylene material for providing a lubricated inner surface which has a low coefficient of friction to provide for the placement of a fiber optic cable therethrough; and b) an inflexible outer housing of rigid material selected from the group consisting of PVC, steel or fiberglass, so as to provide equivalent low expansion and contraction qualities which are found in the innerduct so that both the innerduct and the outer casing expand and contract at substantially equal rates. 2. The innerduct system in claim 1, further comprising an outer protective casing of PVC, steel or fiberglass, for housing multiple sections of innerduct so that the sections of the innerduct and the outer housing have relatively similar properties of tinsel strength, and contraction and expansion under varying temperatures.
3. The innerduct in claim 1, wherein the innerduct comprises coextruded innerduct.
4. The innerduct in claim 1, wherein the unfilled inner layer may further comprise a highly lubricous polymeric material from a group consisting of teflon, silicone, or graphite.
5. The innerduct in claim 1, wherein said compound filled into the outer polyethylene layer is chosen from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, talc, microglass beads, or microglass strands or some other similar material to reduce the tinsel strength of the outer layer.
6. The innerduct in claim 1, wherein at least the inner surface of the interior layer of non-filled polyethylene would further comprise a plurality of longitudinally extending ribs at least along a portion of the length of said innerduct.
7. The system in claim 6, wherein the ribs along a portion of the innerduct may be in the configuration of an oscillating pattern.
8. The system in claim 1, wherein the innerduct would be formed in substantially twenty foot lengths, in a multi-cell configuration with at least a coupling body interconnecting a length of innerduct with a second twenty foot length of a multi-section of innerduct.
9. The system in claim 8, wherein the twenty foot sections of innerduct interconnected would provide a substantially clear, unobstructed passageway for fiber optic cable through the bores in the innerduct without flexing of the innerduct in the constructed system.
10. In a system for housing fiber optic cable in a plurality of innerducts, the system comprises:a) an inflexible outer housing of rigid material selected from the group consisting of PVC, steel or fiberglass; b) a plurality of rigid innerducts each being of a length not to exceed forty feet, each of the innerducts having expansion and contraction qualities substantially equal to the outer casing, the innerducts formed of a coextruded material of an outer layer of highly filled polyethylene, and an unfilled interior layer of polyethylene, the highly filled layer providing a means to reduce the tensile strength and contraction and expansion qualities of the polyethylene, and the inner layer of material serving as a means to provide an inherently high lubricated surface upon which the fiber optic cable may be fed therethrough; and c) means provided on at least one end of the plurality of innerducts for coupling that end of the inner-duct to a second section of innerduct to form a continuous multi-duct system. 11. An innerduct system for housing a fiber optic cable therethrough, said innerduct system including an innerduct being of a length not to exceed forty feet, said innerduct which comprises:a) a first polyethylene material layer, said layer highly filled with a compound for providing low expansion and contraction qualities, and for establishing 16 rigidity in the innerduct; and b) a second inner layer of non-filled polyethylene material for providing a lubricated inner surface which has a low coefficient of friction to provide for the placement of a fiber optic cable therethrough; and c) a lubricating compound included in the inner layer to provide a means to add lubricity to the inner layer, said compound selected from a group consisting of teflon, graphite, silicone of some other polymeric material. 12. The innerduct system in claim 11, further comprising an outer protective casing of PVC, steel or fiberglass, for housing multiple sections of innerduct so that the sections of the innerduct and the outer housing have relatively similar properties of tinsel strength, and contraction and expansion under varying temperatures.
13. The innerduct in claim 11, wherein the innerduct comprises coextruded innerduct.
14. The innerduct in claim 11, wherein said compound filled into the outer polyethylene layer is chosen from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, talc, microglass beads, or microglass strands or some other similar material to reduce the tinsel strength of the outer layer.
15. The innerduct in claim ii, wherein at least the inner surface of the interior layer of non-filled polyethylene would further comprise a plurality of longitudinally extending ribs at least along a portion of the length of said innerduct.
16. The system in claim ii, wherein the innerduct would be formed in substantially twenty foot lengths, in 18 a multi-cell configuration with at least a coupling body interconnecting a length of innerduct with a second twenty foot length of a multi-section of innerduct.
17. The system in claim 16, wherein the twenty foot sections of innerduct interconnected would provide a substantially clear, unobstructed passageway for fiber optic cable through the bores in the innerduct without flexing of the innerduct in the constructed system.
The present invention relates to innerducts utilized in the communications industry for the passage of fiber optic cables therethrough. More particularly, the present invention relates to a coextruded innerduct, having a filled outer layer so that a substantially rigid length of innerduct can be positioned within an outer casing of dissimilar material.
In the communications industry, the use of fiber optic cables, as a transmission means for telephone lines, has become quite common, in both underground or overhead installation. The fiber optic cables which are quite small in diameter, are usually housed within an innerduct of PVC material, which in turn would be positioned within an outer casing of PVC so that the fiber optic cables are protected from the elements when installed underground or over bridge crossings or the like.
At present there are two principal systems for installing fiber optic cables. The first system would be entitled the use of reeled innerduct, and the second system would involve the use of a multi-cell system. Both systems, however, have suffered from the problem of the friction which occurs between the inner wall of the innerduct and the outer wall of the fiber optic cable as the cable is being fed through the innerduct. Often times the innerduct is laid in lengths of thousands of feet, and the fiber optic cable, because of it being a continuous type cable, must be fed or blown through the innerduct in order to complete the installation. However, because of the friction which is involved between the walls of the innerduct and the fiber optic cable over such a distance, this is a difficult thing to achieve at times.
In order to solve the problem of reducing the friction between the innerduct and the fiber optic cable, in the art, there have been introduced the use of lubricating materials such as glycol or other water soluble polymeric lubricants incorporated into the interior wall of the innerduct itself so as to reduce the factor of friction as the cables are moved through the innerduct into position.
There has been granted a patent in the art, Shoffner U.S. Pat. No. 4,892,442, entitled "Prelubricated Innerduct" and assigned to Dura-line, Inc., which discloses an innerduct which is formed by coextruding an outer jacket of high tensile strength polymer and an inner barrier layer of highly lubricous polymer. The intent is to provide an innerduct which has an inner layer impregnated with lubricous material so that in the event there is wear of the tube's inner walls during cable placement, the wear will only expose further lubricants and not increase friction between the respective elements during the duct or cable replacement operation.
The inner core of the material impregnated with the lubricous agent lowers the coefficient of friction to other objects such as the fiber optic cables being pulled through the innerduct. The outer jacket is formed of high tensile strength polymers with a high molecular weight, such as high density polyethylene, so that the innerduct may be formed or wrapped about a spool or the like for subsequent transport. The reeled or rolled innerduct, as it is commonly referred to in the art, would then be continually fed from the roll into placement prior to the running of the fiber optic cable therethrough. This patent, therefore, apparently sought to solve the problems of a) providing a lubricated surface by co-extruding a lubricous agent to lower the coefficient of friction between the surface and the fiber optic cable being threaded therethrough, and b) to provide a high tensile strength exterior layer which would allow the innerduct to be formed around a spool so that it could be placed at the location directly from the spool.
Other problems which the '442 patent did not address are problems confronted in the use of this type of innerduct in straightway, as part of a multi-cell application. For example, in the area of laying fiber optic cables, the alternative to the use of the uninterrupted pathway of rolled innerduct, is through the use a multi-cell system which would comprise, in general, a plurality of lengths of innerduct which would be interconnected via a coupling body, such as the coupling body disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,825, which would couple multiple twenty-foot sections of innerduct end-to-end in order to form a multi-duct configuration for laying the fiber optic cable therethrough. The multiple sections of innerduct placed end to end with a coupling body spaced at twenty foot intervals would be contained within an outer casing of PVC pipe, so as to provide an outer protective layer over the coupled sections of innerduct.
The problems in attempting to utilize the innerduct as claimed in the '442 patent in a multi-cell application are at least two-fold. First, the polyethylene innerduct is of a different molecular structure than the PVC outer casing, and therefore the fluctuations in temperatures under different weather conditions results in the innerduct and the outer casing expanding and contracting in different amounts. Therefore, although the innerduct and the casing ends may be flush when they are placed into position, over a certain period of time, due to changing weather conditions, the innerducts may have expanded to where they protrude out of the outer casing, which is undesirable in the coupling process between another section of casing and innerduct, resulting in damage to the ends of the innerducts.
The second problem is the fact that the innerduct, as claimed in '442 has a high tensile strength outer layer which results in the innerduct being specifically constructed to curve or bend, and sustain loads required to pull the duct into long lengths of outer duct, which is undesirable in a multi-cell setting. It is imperative to have all twenty foot sections of innerduct very rigid so as to form a straight twenty foot multi-cell group of innerducts which can be easily positioned into the outer casing of PVC pipe.
The present invention provides for coextruded innerduct which would include an outer layer of polyethylene, impregnated or filled with a filler material, such as calcium carbonate, talc, microglass beads or strands, or any material which would reduce the expansion and contraction properties of the polyethylene innerduct in relation to the expansion and contraction properties of the outer casing, and an inner layer of standard unfilled polyethylene innerduct which would provide for a smooth surface, to lower the coefficient of friction between itself and the fiber optic cables being pulled therethrough.
In addition, the inner layer of polyethylene material may be filled with a lubricous polymer agent which would further enhance to lower the coefficient of friction between itself and the fiber optic cable. The co-extruded innerduct would be utilized specifically in a multi-cell system, due to its properties of rigidity, having little or no tensile strength, and yet its ability 10 to provide the low coefficient of friction necessary to ease the pulling of fiber optic cable therethrough.
Therefore, it is the principal object of the present invention to provide a coextruded innerduct having a highly filled outer layer to provide rigidity, to reduce expansion and contraction of the polyethylene material, and an inner layer of standard unfilled polyethylene material in order to provide a low coefficient of friction between itself and the fiber optic cable being pulled therethrough;
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a coextruded innerduct which has a very low tensile strength, and would be used in substantially twenty foot lengths and coupled end to end via a coupling body in a multi-cell setting;
It is the further object of the present invention to provide a coextruded innerduct which would be highly filled with material such as calcium carbonate, talc, microglass beads or strands in order to reduce the expansion and contraction of the polyethylene material vis a via the expansion and contraction properties of an outer casing of PVC, steel or the like material;
It is the further object of the present invention to provide a coextruded innerduct having a lubricous inner surface for providing a low coefficient of friction for pulling fiber optic cables therethrough, and a highly filled outer surface so that the innerduct can be used in a multi-cell system with substantial nonexistent tensile strength properties; and
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a multi-cell system which would include a plurality of 20-foot lengths of innerduct, coupled together end to end, forming an uninterrupted pathway for fiber optic cable, with the innerduct having an outer filled layer to provide a very low, or non-existent tensile strength, and expansion and contraction properties equivalent to an outer casing of PVC, and an inner layer of standard unfilled polyethylene to allow for a lubricous surface upon which the fiber optic cable travels with ease during installation.
FIG. 1 is an overall partial view of the coextruded innerduct of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of the coextruded innerduct of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-section, side partial view of the innerduct positioned end to end within a coupling body; and
FIG. 4 is an overall view of the sections of the co-extruded innerduct utilized in a multi-cell system.
The system of the present invention utilizing the novel innerduct is illustrated in FIGS. 1-4. This novel innerduct as will be discussed is unlike the basic material utilized in most coextruded innerduct, which is usually of the type generally comprising unfilled innerduct of polyethylene which, in general, is quite pliable, would have a high tensile strength, and under varying weather conditions have a high degree of contraction and expansion while in place. In the context of the present invention, the coextruded innerduct 10 would wish to avoid these properties.
Therefore, innerduct 10 utilized in the present invention would include an outer layer 12 which would be a basic polyethylene material highly filled with additives in order to greatly reduce its properties of contraction and expansion, and similarly to give it a very low tensile strength so that the innerduct 10 is maintained as rigid as possible under all conditions, with substantially reduced expansion and contraction. In fact, this product cannot be pulled, because of the fillers included in the innerduct, and it would pull apart due to the fillers. In reality, the longest length of innerduct that could be pulled having the fill material would be somewhere in the neighborhood of forty feet in length, before it would be subject to breakage.
The filled material in layer 12 which is represented by the shading 14 in cross-section in FIG. 2, would be selected from a group of materials consisting generally of polyethylene calcium carbonate, talc, microglass beads, or microglass strands, or any other filled material which can be produced in a highly powdered or stranded form and which give the qualities of the innerduct 10 as recited earlier.
The highly filled outer layer of innerduct 10 would then be coextruded with an unfilled polyethylene layer 16, which would, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, be formed having a plurality of longitudinal raised ridges 18, with gaps 20 therebetween, so that a length of fiber optic cable, as illustrated in phantom view by the numeral 22, would make contact substantially only with the ridge portion 18 of the inner layer 16, and due to the natural lubricity qualities of unfilled polyethylene, would produce a low coefficient of friction between the wall 24 of the unfilled interior polyethylene layer 16, and the wall 26 of the strand of fiber optic cable 22. In the preferred embodiment, the configuration of the raised ridges 18 along the inner wall of the innerduct 10 may be straight, or may have a configuration known in the art as "oscillating ribs". Either configuration of the ridges 18 would contribute greatly in the ease through which the fiber optic cable could be threaded through the bore 30 of the coextruded innerduct 10.
Furthermore, it is foreseen that the inner layer 16 of the unfilled polyethylene innerduct may be filled with a lubricating agent of polymer material selected from a group such as glycol, silicone or the like, which would enhance even greater the lubricating qualities of the polyethylene interior layer, and therefore again would even reduce further the coefficient of friction between the wall of the fiber optic cable 22 and the wall 24 of the inner layer 16 of the coextruded innerduct 10.
Returning now to the reasons behind the co-extrusion of the outer highly filled layer of polyethylene innerduct 12, and the interior unfilled layer 16 of polyethylene innerduct, reference is made to FIGS. 3
and 4, where there is illustrated in representational view the multi-cell system 50, which would comprise in part a plurality of sections of inner-duct 10 which would be provided in the embodiment as foreseen to be used in the industry, in twenty foot lengths, and would therefore form a unitized twenty-foot section of a multi-celled group of innerducts which could be used in a system to feed a plurality of fiber optic cables therethrough. The twenty foot lengths of innerduct would be coupled via a coupling body 40 which preferably would be of a type coupling body as disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,825, exclusively licensed to Opti-Com Manufacturing Network, Inc., and would provide a fully gasketed means of sealing the interior or ends of the twenty foot lengths of innerduct 10 that would be inserted into coupling body 40 to provide a continuous interior pathway of fiber optic cable 22 through each of the innerducts 10, as seen in FIG. 3
FIG. 4 illustrates this type of coextruded innerduct 10, in a multi-cell system 50. As illustrated, the plurality of innerducts have been positioned within the outer casing 52 of PVC material, in at each ball end 54 of the outer casing 52, there would be provided a coupling body 40 as illustrated in FIG. 3. Because of the nature of the multi-cell system 50, as discussed earlier, it is necessary that the innerducts 10 be very rigid and have a low tensile strength to enable it to be used as a pulled innerduct, since the innerduct 10 must extend between each coupling body 40, in twenty-foot lengths, preferably in a relatively straight and unbending fashion, as illustrated in FIG. 4. A high tensile strength property would enable the innerducts to sag or to bend quite easily which is undesirable in running fiber optic cable 22 therethrough. Furthermore, and perhaps more importantly, is the fact that the outer layer of highly filled innerduct would reduce greatly the expansion and contraction properties of the innerduct 10 which is important when the innerduct 10 is housed within an outer casing 52 of a dissimilar material such as PVC, steel, or fiberglass, all of which have a greatly reduced or nonexistent expansion or contraction property. The highly filled innerduct 10 would therefore achieve the qualities of expansion and contraction equivalent to the outer casing 52, and under differing weathering conditions, expand and contract generally in unison with the outer casing.
Therefore, in the configuration of the innerduct within the outer housing of PVC, steel, or fiberglass, and in the assembling of the system by twenty foot sections, the result would be that the ends of the innerduct housed within the outer casing. This would provide that the innerduct ends would be substantially flush with the outer housing. Therefore, when placed in position into the coupling body with the next twenty foot section, there would be little possibility that one of the innerducts may have expanded or contracted unevenly. This would result in difficulty, if not impossibility, of inner-connecting the next twenty foot section. The fill material utilized as the outer shell of the innerduct would provide for the nonexistent or great reduction in the expansion and contraction of the innerduct. The highly filled outer layer would then provide a means for insuring that the ends of the innerduct and the ends of the outer PVC, steel, or fiberglass casing are flush. This would greatly enhance the coupling of various sections into a continuous passage way for the fiber optic cable that will be fed therethrough.
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Southward, Grow! | Dallas | Retail
Retail Trde Measurement
Creating One Dallas, World Class
Southern Dallas is not a charity case. It is an opportunity. -Mayor Mike Rawlings
By: Chequan A. Lewis
Winter Term in the Office the Mayor of Dallas January 2012
Southward, Grow! Creating One Dallas, World Class In 1839, a man named John Neely Bryan set foot on the land that would one day become Dallas, Texas.1 Officially incorporated as a town in 1836, Dallas grew into an attractive location for businesses and southerners in search of opportunity over the next few decades.2 By 1890, Dallas began to show signs of its now-trademark aggressive growth personality as it began annexing surrounding areas.3 Over the next century and a quarter, that ambitious personality resulted in a sort of civic schizophrenia: the dueling destinies of Dallas. I use the term dueling destinies to capture an unfortunate truth about the place I love. At this point, Dallas is really two cities (one north and one south) separated by the Trinity River. Northern Dallas is a shining beacon of light replete with booming businesses, population growth, and a diverse housing stock. In this Dallas, median incomes continue to soar, educational opportunities abound, and employment prospects are high. But there is a very different Dallas that looms to the south. Southern Dallas is largely forgotten and underdeveloped. In that Dallas, there is an eye-popping unemployment rate, schools are struggling, and massive tracts of land remain undeveloped. Dallas began as a promising novel. With a bright beginning and energized early chapters, the city seemed destined for a limitless horizon. Somewhere along the way Dallas got trapped in its own tale of two cities. Increased disparities in wealth, educational attainment level, and health characterize this seemingly interminable chapter. It is time to
From the archives of the Dallas Historical Society. http://www.dallashistory.org/history/dallas/dallas_history.htm 2 See id. 3 See id.
turn the page in Dallas and write a new chapter. That horizon for which Dallas seemed destined is still attainable. Yet, this can only be true if the Dallas dream is made available to all of its residents. One word best characterizes the citys ambition: growth. It is high time that this word finally includes the citys southern rim. If Dallas will ever realize her full potential, she must grow southward. Only then can she create a unified, world-class city. What is Southern Dallas? The part of the city to which this paper refers has been called many things over the years: Sunny South Dallas, the Southside, Southern Dallas, the Southern Rim, or the Southern Sector. No matter the moniker, the geographic area under discussion remains mostly the same. As depicted in the map below, Southern Dallas is the area south of Interstate 30 out to the city limits bounded on the east by Interstate 635 (all of which is south of the Trinity River).
The Story of Southern Dallas: By the Numbers and Beyond Southern Dallas is home to more than 516,000 residents. It is an area overwhelmingly populated by people of color- 50.77% of residents are Hispanic, 37.58% are Black/African-American, and 10.08% are White.4 Southern Dallas residents have a median income of $37,228 (compare with a statewide figure of $48,259) and less than 10% of them have attained a bachelors degree or higher (compare with a statewide figure of roughly 25%).5 This area contains 154,551 households6, 45% of which are renter-occupied (compare this with a statewide figure of only 35% renter-occupied)7. More than 85% of all Dallas vacant residential tracts are in Southern Dallas.8 Sitting on 196.63 square miles, Southern Dallas is large enough to contain all of Atlanta-proper, it is twice as large as Seattle, and it would be the 34th largest city in America. As massive as this area may be in size, its economic contributions to the city are noticeably tiny. Southern Dallas represents roughly 54% of Dallas landmass and around 40% of the citys population, but only about 12-15% of the citys tax base.9 These figures obviously suggest that Southern Dallas is being effectively carried by the rest of the city. In the minds of many, this has relegated this part of the city to second-class status- as if Southern Dallas is the poor, annoying little brother who cannot hold his own. All is not lost for Southern Dallas, however. In a city that is completely landlocked by thriving suburbs, this area houses more than 70% of the citys developable land. This means that businesses looking to come inside the city limits to enjoy business-friendly
Overview of Southern Dallas (2007). Pg. 4. Presentation by State Senator Royce West (D-Dallas). Id. Pg. 15. 6 Interim Team Report (2009). Pg. 75. Mayors Southern Dallas Task Force. 7 Overview of Southern Dallas. Pg. 5. 8 Id. Pg. 8. 9 Reinvesting in Dallas Southern Sector (1997). McKinsey pro bono study for Mayor Ron Kirk.
policies put in place by former mayors must look to Southern Dallas as their potential home. The same story goes for the scores of Dallas-based companies that have outgrown their current digs. A Look in the Mirror The Citys Office of Economic Development (OED) recently conducted a SWOT analysis (below)10-- a method of assessing the current state of an area and identifying the potential that exists for improvement- of Southern Dallas. A SWOT analysis examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in a given area. OEDs assessment paints an honest picture of the good, bad, ugly, [and promising] in Southern Dallas. Strengths Land prices and availability Transportation network Strong business nodes Workforce Proximity to high employment areas (e.g. downtown) Higher education system (area colleges) Mega churches Existing, fast growing businesses as models Dallas Executive Airport Natural beauty Magnet Schools Diversity Weaknesses Image and perception No advocates for small business Crime/security Access to capital Shortage of equity Purchasing power Lack information about resources Individuals do not use the resources they have Code compliance Lower incomes Undeveloped road systems in Inland Port Lack of neighborhood retail Lack of vocational training Lack of financial literacy training Little understanding of positive submarkets Threats Security National economy Contract finance
Opportunities Enterprise zone incentives Awareness of growth action items More bank involvement with Corporate Realty Advisors Return on investment Develop a Hispanic-themed market
Interim Team Report. Pg. 76.
place (Mercado) Entertainment Retail Market Land and access Skill training Trinity River Spin-off possibilities Potential branching- new business locations Innovation center for business (Eco Park) Green movement Southern Dallas Task Force Dallas Morning News advocacy Relocation incentives I will not explore each item in this space. However, I will highlight some key
observations. First, the weaknesses in Southern Dallas are very real. To citizen-investors, image and perception are everything. When you turn on the evening news in the DFW area, you do hear about crime and blight in Southern Dallas. For decades, this has reinforced beliefs about the area that have scared off businesses and new residents. To say that image and perception largely drive the rest of the weaknesses OED lists is not an overstatement. Second, opportunities really do abound in Southern Dallas despite its reputation. The Southern Sector has a wealth of untapped physical resources in the forms of developable land, a malleable, underemployed, and relatively young workforce (median age is 30.8 years)11, and an underserved consumer base. Third, there are some success stories in Southern Dallas. Recognizing the opportunity for unparalleled returns, a forward-thinking group of investors has developed three new southern Dallas business parks in the last several years (Pinnacle Park, Mountain Creek and Dallas Logistics Hub) creating over 7
Id. Pg. 75.
million sq. ft. of industrial space, 700,000 sq. ft. of retail space, 100,000 sq. ft. of office space, 532 apartments, and 6,500 jobs.12 One Area, Many Characters There is an important lesson many have learned (sometimes the hard way) about Southern Dallas: it is not a monolithic sub city. Redevelopment crusaders, even if well intentioned, often mistakenly look at Southern Dallas as one massive, struggling neighborhood. They believe that a one-size fits all approach can be implemented that will cure what ails this part of the city.
These thinkers simply could not be more wrong. Southern Dallas is one geographical area made up of many distinct neighborhoods, each with its own character. The ritzy retail that would be a hit in one place could very well be a disaster in another. The
Realizing Potential: A Framework for Enhancing the Southern Portion of Dallas (2008). Pg. 7. Dallas Office of Economic Development.
boho shops that have brought North Oak Cliff to life might fall flat in Fair Park. With this understanding as a backdrop, the Mayors Southern Dallas Task Force13 divided the southern half of the city (see the map above) into 10 manageable planning areas. However, even after dividing Southern Dallas into 10 areas, the average area is still nearly 20 square miles, with 52,000 residents, 1,600 businesses, 14 public schools, and 13,000 jobs. (This frames just how big the area is that this paper discusses). Ten teams, of 13 community stakeholders each, were dedicated to one of the unique subsections of Southern Dallas, designed according to historical, natural, and economic boundaries. Each team is challenged to develop strategic plans for its dedicated area based on the following topics: economic development policy, small business, and finance/funding sources.14 This approach has allowed for a narrow tailoring of solutions, by planning area, which has begun to make a meaningful impact in Dallas. As laudable as this innovation has been, there is still much to be done and desired in Southern Dallas. 30 Years of Plans One of my tasks in the Mayors office was to help OED by reviewing all the economic revitalization plans that had been drafted for Southern Dallas. Wow. It was amazing to see that for more than three decades now, we have been talking about turning things around in Southern Dallas. Even more disconcerting was seeing that the 2008 plan was still talking about addressing the same issues with the same ideas as the 1981 plan. Through the exercise of looking at all the old plans for Southern Dallas, I was able to identify 7 recurrent themes throughout the years:
An entity organized by Mayor Tom Leppert (now a candidate for U.S. Senate) in 2007. Interim Team Report. Pg. 11.
1) Marketing and myth-busting (seen in plans from 1981, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1997, 1998): Multiple Southern Dallas plans began with the idea that misconceptions about Southern Dallas were artificially depressing redevelopment activities. For example, despite the fact that crime in Southern Dallas is comparable to most major cities, citizens and investors have always had the idea that the area is a war zone. Through media management and strategic marketing, the story goes, the tide of perception can begin to turn in Southern Dallas. 2) Assisting developers to secure large tracts of developable land for industrial use (seen in plans from 1991, 1992, 1998): Despite the fact that Southern Dallas has had the majority of the citys developable land for decades now, an inability to secure large enough tracts that would lure major developers had plagued the area. Fortunately, the tide began to turn in the early 2000s as the city made large tracts available for business park development. 3) Partnering with educational institutions (seen in plans from 1992, 1993, 2004, 2008): The City of Dallas, admittedly, has no formal role in educational institutions (K-12 or higher). Nonetheless, many plans have viewed partnerships with these institutions as vital to success. The city can serve an important function by shining a light on the progress made in model schools and by making public calls for improvement by other schools. The Dallas Independent School District is a separate entity operating under a state grant of power. However, the district is not impervious to the political pressures of any public entity. As such, it relies on support from and a solid relationship with the city for legitimacy as well. In this
respect, the future of Southern Dallas schools, including colleges and community colleges, must truly be a shared responsibility. 4) Improving workforce readiness (seen in plans from 1993, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2008): This concept goes hand-in-hand with education. An educated population attracts businesses to an area because they see a pool of talent that can staff its operation. Workforce readiness can be accomplished through the school system and innovative job training programs targeted at the post-school age population. 5) Fostering community engagement and participation (seen in plans from 1993, 2008): All too often, powers-that-be look at areas in need of urban renewal as lost causes. They think the area is blighted and the people are hopeless. This misapprehends the fact that these areas often harbor proud and distinct neighborhoods with generations of character. Ideal plans activate the passions of those living in communities targeted for renewal by seeking their input and bringing them to the table. The solutions that result hold more long-term promise when a diversity of decision makers exists. 6) Stimulating retail development (seen in plans from 1989, 1998, 2001, 2004): An important aspect of catalyzing meaningful growth in an area is attracting people to come who do no live there. Enticing retail serves this key function. With Harlems Retail Renaissance as an example, underdeveloped areas can use retail as a means of stimulating interest. Moreover, this can help with another key problem impoverished areas face: a dearth of recycled dollars within the geographic area. For example, only about 18 cents of every dollar spent by southern Dallas consumers stays in that community.
7) Encouraging small business assistance and development (seen in plans from 1981, 1989, 1993, 1998, 2004, 2008): Big box retail and Fortune 500s cannot be expected to carry the day in a place like Southern Dallas. While the City Council debates their presence (such as the ongoing debate whether to allow a new WalMart to be built), politicians and thinkers on both sides of the aisle laud the role of small business development. These establishments create durable jobs in communities and empower local areas with home grown purchasing options. Along with this empowerment comes increased local pride- another key feature in sustained changes an areas collective psyche. Southern Dallas faces real challenges. The recurrent themes I uncovered in looking at Southern Dallas plans were both refreshing and disturbing. It was refreshing to see that people with power have a firm handle on the real issues that plague this part of the city. Often times, it is a fundamental misunderstanding of the problems that stunts progress. That does not seem to be the case in Dallas. However, it was disturbing to see little progress in some discrete areas for over 30 years now. In order to really grow southward, Dallas will need transformational leadership that understands its problems and can forge the political will to confront them head on. This is a truly Texas-size task. A Man with a Vision, A City with a Hidden Treasure Dallas is fortunate because it has an ace in the hole: its mayor. Mayor Mike Rawlings has had a distinguished career in the public and private sectors (serving notable stints as the CEO of Pizza Hut, the President of the Parks and Recreation Board, and the Citys Homeless Czar). As such, he employs an interdisciplinary framework for developing Southern Dallas solutions; he recognizes unique roles for the private sector and the public
organs of government. Mayor Rawlings has more than just ambition and sensitivity for Southern Dallas. He has a real plan (see below).
This plan recognizes that city government, community members, and private capital are all required to grow Southern Dallas. Taking each point in turn, I will briefly offer a snapshot15 of the Mayor Rawlings vision for these 10 concepts. 1) Strengthen and engage neighborhoods: This is about creating an ownership of the community. This involves making friendly neighborhoods with a focus on living,
Based on the Mayors actual words during his unveiling of this plan to Dallas residents in February.
learning, and working. Thirty new neighborhood associations will be added in the area in conjunction with this. 2) Culture of clean: The city must get Southern Dallas market-ready by creating the mindset and ethos that cleanliness is next to godliness. This will involve eradicating graffiti and litter as well cracking down on code enforcement and holding negligent property managers accountable. 3) Strengthen schools, strengthen communities: Mayor Rawlings will adopt four public schools (2 middle and 2 high) in Southern Dallas. The plan is to work to ensure these schools have world-class principals committed to shaping todays students into tomorrows leading citizens. 4) Debunk myths and rebrand Southern Dallas: Historically, people have looked at Southern Dallas as an obligation instead of an asset. Calling on his marketing background, Mayor Rawlings intends to re-educate the city about the southern sector. This will involve creating a dedicated brand manager position (a city employee who will work at City Hall) who will re-train audiences on how they should view Southern Dallas. 5) Create financial and investment fund: Mayor Rawlings aims to create a $20 million investment fund from dozens of investors. Every project will be evaluated on a double bottom line: will it offer a good return on investment and will it be good for the community? 6) Continue downtown momentum and push for more growth: This primarily involves drawing business to the green line of DART (the Dallas Area Rapid Transit).
This will increase traffic in the areas capitalizing on an increasing amount of people who are choosing to live in downtown- the Citys window to Southern Dallas. 7) Implement West Dallas Design Plan: A state-of-the-art bridge has already been constructed to encourage traffic into West Dallas (technically a part of Southern Dallas). This will also involve a creation of a new food and retail district designed to create 1,000 new jobs and an impact of $100 million annually. 8) Make Jefferson Blvd. The Main Street for Southern Dallas: Jefferson Blvd. sits at the center of an area in Southern Dallas enjoying tremendous revitalization. Unfortunately, this street is littered with pawnshops and payday loan places. Mayor Rawlings has called on Dallas to make this a true gathering place that encourages other centers of activity in Southern Dallas. 9) Build out Lancaster Corridor: This key area involves a VA hospital that draws 30,000 visitors a day to the area. The City needs to capitalize on this traffic and develop to encourage more of it. 10) Infrastructure for Education Corridor: University of North Texas at Dallas and HBCU Paul Quinn College sit in Southern Dallas. The city will create a University Park for Southern Dallas (harkening to a model area in Northern Dallas that is home to Southern Methodist University). A Brighter Day for Southern Dallas Mayor Rawlings believes Southern Dallas can be revitalized and will not rest until this part of the city is squarely on that path: "I think one of the reasons I decided to give back for the next four years of my life is because I believe southern Dallas is something no other city in the country has," Rawlings said. "Right in front of us is the biggest growth
opportunity for the next two decades. All we have to do is buckle down and get it done. I know we can."16 Southern Dallas has natural resources, human capital, and a mayor that thinks about it every day. These factors, among many others, make this writer bullish on this sectors future. Like Mayor Rawlings, I believe we can grow southward if we buckle down and get it done. Project Perspective: An Epilogue I write this epilogue to add brief perspective to the contours of this project. During the month of January, my charge was to advise Mayor Mike Rawlings office on ways to redevelop Southern Dallas. Fortunately, the office already had many ideas in place such that I was actually able to study them. Part of my responsibilities involved working with the Citys Office of Economic Development, which plays a key role in revitalization efforts. This paper sketches some of the issues facing the southern half of Dallas and surveys the decades of efforts to address them. It ends with what I believe is a note of reasoned hope based on the current leadership of the city. Working in the Mayors office everyda y gave me an opportunity to see the people on the front lines of battle to save Southern Dallas. My time with them gives me genuine optimism. Perhaps the most exciting part of my time in the office was an exclusive, 30-minute interview with Mayor Rawlings in the setting of his choosing- his office. I submit this interview (via jump drive) as a companion piece to this paper. Viewing this video highlights Mayor Rawlings feelings on Dallas and the issues it faces. If this paper is Part I of my project, this interview- for which I intensely prepared- is surely Part II. I hope you find both as enriching as I have.
Remarks to a group of investors (Feb. 13, 2012). By Mayor Mike Rawlings.
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Martinez Will Have Choices - Florida - Scout
Martinez Will Have ChoicesJenna Sweeney05/24/2012Tampa (Fla.) Catholic offensive tackle Corey Martinez is quickly becoming a hot prospect in the class of 2014. The talented lineman is planning to attend several in-state camps this summer. In addition to the in-state attention that he is receiving, Martinez is beginning to attract interest from other schools across the country."I picked up an offer, recently, from Kentucky," Corey Martinez said.
According to Martinez, he is excited about exploring this new opportunity. "I don't really know much about the school but I'm looking forward to learning more about it," he said. At this point, Martinez has received verbal offers from USF and Kentucky. It appears that more scholarship offers are on the way.
"FSU, USF, UF, Miami, Kentucky, South Carolina, Auburn, Michigan State, and Mississippi State are recruiting me the hardest right now," Martinez said. The 6-foot-4, 290-pound lineman has already gotten a chance to get to know some of the coaches from the University of Florida. "I've been talking a lot to [Florida tight end coach Derek Lewis] and they like me a lot. I will be up there in June for a camp," he said. "I'm excited about just getting around and seeing the school and working with the offensive line coach," Martinez added.
Florida's camp is not the only camp that Martinez will attend this summer.
"I'm also going to camp at FSU, USF and Miami," he said. "USF and FSU are two schools that I like a lot. This summer will be the first time I visit Miami so we will see how it goes," he added. For now, Martinez is trying to enjoy the recruiting process and learn more about the schools that are recruiting him. "I'm just taking my time and looking around. I don't want to rush anything," Martinez said. Although he is in constant communication with in-state schools, Martinez is not opposed to leaving the Sunshine State for college. "I'd like to stay in state, but it's not crucial," he admitted. Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutNo. 6 OLB Willie Gay Decommits from Ole MisSEC Recruiting NotebookFranz Beard's Thoughts of the Day; Oct. 25Florida and Georgia Pursuing Auburn CommitFive things Gators need, to be East ChampsShare & EmbedDel Rio ready for trip back home Full StoryFightin Gators Top StoriesFranz Beard's Thoughts of the Day; Oct. 25A few thoughts to jump start your Tuesday morning...by Franz BeardFightin GatorsYesterday at 9:12 PMDel Rio ready for trip back homeMost Gators really look forward to the Florida-Georgia rivalry in Jacksonville, but it is exceptionally special this year to Gator quarterback Luke Del Rio.by Josslyn HowardFightin GatorsYesterday at 8:47 PMGators working diligently on offenseWith the bye week last week, Florida head coach Jim McElwain was able to get his offense some much needed work on the little things. Penalties and red zone miscues were big for…by Bob RedmanFightin GatorsYesterday at 11:11 AMNo. 4 CB Considering a Trip to Florida? JACKSONVILLE, Fla.-- Ohio State pledge Shaun Wade has taken one official, however, has three more in mind. Scout's No. 4 cornerback discusses which of his suitors remain.by Jacquie FranciulliScout FootballYesterday at 11:04 AMBreaking NewsPrognosis looking better for injured GatorsThe bye week may have come at a terrific time for the Florida Gators. Banged up in the front seven on defense, Florida head coach Jim McElwain indicated Monday that there is a…by Bob RedmanFightin GatorsYesterday at 9:31 AMFlorida and Georgia Pursuing Auburn CommitTray Bishop remains committed to Auburn, but he has two other SEC schools on his mind too. Florida will have him on campus soon and Georgia has hosted him twice in October...by Chad SimmonsScout FootballYesterday at 7:04 AMBreaking NewsNo. 6 OLB Sets Florida Official Scout 100 linebacker Willie Gay has backed off his pledge to the Ole Miss Rebels. Gay committed to Ole Miss back in June, but he is now back on the market...by Chad SimmonsScout FootballYesterday at 5:48 AMFive things Gators need, to be East ChampsWhen the Tennessee Volunteers lost to Alabama last week was combined with a win by Florida over Missouri, the Gators now control their own destiny in the SEC East. Win out in…by Bob RedmanFightin GatorsSunday at 11:02 PMFranz Beard's Thoughts of the Day; Oct. 24A few thoughts to jump start your Monday morning...by Franz BeardFightin GatorsSunday at 9:22 PMLate Winner Lifts Gators Over BulldogsGAINESVILLE, Fla.-- Mayra Pelayo's late winner helps lift No. 20 Florida women's soccer over Mississippi State on Senior Day. Full recap and reaction below.by Jacquie FranciulliFightin GatorsSunday at 1:43 PMSEC Recruiting NotebookNews, notes and recruiting scoop out of the SEC...by Chad SimmonsScout FootballYesterday at 6:00 AMShai Gilgeous-Alexander narrows listAfter recommitting from Florida last week, 2017 four-star guard Shai Gilgeous-Alexander has been a hot name on the recruiting trail.by Evan DanielsScout HoopsSunday at 6:34 PMLoad More

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1,138 Tucker, GA Home Builders
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Since 1980, Southland Custom Homes has helped thousands of happy homeowners across Georgia build the new custom-designed home of their dreams. We build eco-friendly green custom... Read More Property in france
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Kawasaki ZX1000SX, 2018, ONLY 168 MILES, 16 MTHS WARRANTY, PART EXCHANGE WELCOME | eBay
Details about Kawasaki ZX1000SX, 2018, ONLY 168 MILES, 16 MTHS WARRANTY, PART EXCHANGE WELCOME
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Words that start with earlinesse | Words starting with earlinesse
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Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,209,148,101 visitors served
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Public Safety Testing Inc
> personnel consultants
Phone: (425) 776-9615
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20818 44th Ave W Ste 160,
http://www.publicsafetytesting.com
Public Safety Testing Inc has had their Business Review viewed 2 time(s) over the last 40 days. Click to view where these inquiries originated.
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Business started: 01/11/2000
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There should be no ambiguity in passing on rate cuts: SBI’s Sriram | business | Hindustan Times
There should be no ambiguity in passing on rate cuts: SBI’s Sriram
Updated: Apr 21, 2016 01:27 IST	Beena Parmar Hindustan TImes
A file photo of State Bank of India’s managing director B Sriram.(Photo Courtesy: SBI’s official website)
State Bank of India, India’s largest lender, will see improved cash recoveries from bad loans this quarter. In an interview to HT, SBI managing director B Sriram said the bank will pass on lower interest costs faster due to better implementation of the MCLR methodology. The government-owned bank will also hire about 10,000-15,000 each year.
How much will the retail customer benefit from the implementation of marginal cost of funds-based lending rate (MCLR) method to calculate base rate?
The MCLR is a clear formula and every month we have a review. There should be no ambiguity in passing on the rate reduction. The only thing is that this will be applicable for new borrowers and especially, there is comfort that customers will not change over a short-term of about six months or one year. So, while new customers will start to get the benefit immediately, old customers will get re-priced only when the renewals happen. Most of our loans are on a floating basis so accordingly customers will benefit.
What kind of hiring will you be looking at this year ahead?
Over the last four-five years, we have been hiring only to replace the retiring employees, so to that extent our hiring has been clear. Our total staff is around 210,000 employees and this will continue. The only difference is that there could be a time lag between those retiring and new hiring, so there could be some movement up and down. However, it will be purely restricted to replacing retiring staff. What kind of number would that be?
Generally, about 10,000-15,000 employees retire every year and I am not sure of this year’s number but would be in that range.
As far as non-performing assets are concerned, what kind of measures have you taken? What kind of recoveries have you seen?
Every possible measure has been taken to recover. There has been a significant uptick in recoveries both in NPAs and in written-off accounts on a quarter-on-quarter basis in the last three quarters. We are hopeful this trend will continue.
Indian lending banks

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