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The 10 Best Pezenas Hotel Deals - Jul 2016 - TripAdvisor
Close La Distillerie de PezenasCheck In Check Out Show Prices 321 reviews Very Good81% Certificate of Excellence “More than expected...”Reviewed 2 days ago “So good, we stayed longer ”Reviewed 4 days ago B&B Hotel PezenasCheck In Check Out Show Prices 54 reviews Good64% “Value for money hotel”Oct 13, 2015“Love this hotel”Jun 16, 2016
Les Galeries de Beaulac Chambres d'hotes de prestigeCheck In Check Out Show Prices 49 reviews Great91% Certificate of Excellence “Simply the Best”Oct 12, 2015“A beautiful stay.”Sep 28, 2015
15 Grand RueCheck In Check Out Show Prices 3 reviews “Gracious and elegant, first-rate service!”Reviewed 3 weeks ago “Une obligation !”Reviewed 2 weeks ago Air de Vacances(Great Value!) Check In Check Out Show Prices 118 reviews Great98% “Amazing location for visiting Pezenas”Reviewed 5 days ago “Quirky and charming...”Reviewed 3 weeks ago De Fleurus(Great Value!) Check In Check Out Show Prices 15 reviews Excellent100% “A Little Gem”Jan 21, 2016“Cute, quaint and comfortable....”Nov 20, 2015
Saint-SauveurCheck In Check Out Show Prices 24 reviews Excellent100% “Warm owners, lovely house, nice location”Reviewed 4 days ago “A very comfortable stay in a lovely home”Nov 30, 2015
Hotel De VigniamontCheck In Check Out Show Prices 212 reviews Excellent98% Certificate of Excellence “Honeymoon Heaven”Reviewed 3 weeks ago “Hidden gem”Jun 7, 2016
Chateau de Sainte CecileCheck In Check Out Show Prices 42 reviews Great84% “Amazing setting”Nov 7, 2013“Absolutely amazing”Aug 7, 2012
La Bergerie de LavalCheck In Check Out Show Prices 69 reviews Excellent100% Certificate of Excellence “Home from home”Reviewed 4 days ago “Excellent stay!”Reviewed 4 weeks ago Camping Ecolodge Les Cigales(Great Value!) Check In Check Out Show Prices 13 reviews “Excellent séjour qui le sera plus encore l'an prochain!!”Reviewed 2 days ago “Accueil et prestations parfaites”Reviewed 6 days ago La Dordine(Great Value!) Check In Check Out Show Prices 54 reviews Great90% “Warm, welcoming and delightful”May 7, 2016“Great find within the "old town"”Nov 19, 2015
Hotel Le Saint GermainCheck In Check Out Show Prices 48 reviews Good53% “Great restaurant”Jun 15, 2016“Wedding stay”Jun 18, 2015
Les Chambres du Chateau(Great Value!) Check In Check Out Show Prices 12 reviews Great100% “Interesting and different”Jun 4, 2016“nice and cosy”May 21, 2016
La Cour D'ete(Great Value!) Check In Check Out Show Prices 3 reviews “Home sweet home!”Feb 6, 2016“Prachtig droomhuis”Aug 1, 2015
Le Grand Hotel MoliereCheck In Check Out Show Prices 4 reviews “A Disappointment”Reviewed 1 week ago “Loisir en famille”Reviewed 5 days ago Y'a Pas de LezardCheck In Check Out Show Prices 7 reviews “Charming apartment with pool and friendly owner”May 31, 2015“Nearly Excellent”Apr 2, 2015
Hostellerie de Saint-Alban(Nezignan l'Eveque)Check In Check Out Show Prices 23 reviews Very Good67% “Short brewk”Reviewed 1 week ago “disappointing stay in the Languedoc”Apr 8, 2016
Auberge de la Tour(Valros)Check In Check Out Show Prices 46 reviews Very Good91% Certificate of Excellence “Auberge de la Tour restaurant, Valros”Dec 15, 2015“With a softer mattress and decent towels this could be lovely”Sep 11, 2015
Les Rocailles Hotel(Great Value!) (Montagnac)Check In Check Out Show Prices 37 reviews Very Good78% “A little tired decor-wise but friendly and value for money”May 22, 2014“Overnight Stay”Jun 13, 2013
Chateau de Lignan(Lignan-sur-Orb)Check In Check Out Show Prices 162 reviews Good56% “Very good Chateau”Reviewed 2 weeks ago “Average hotel”Reviewed 4 weeks ago Hotel de la Pyramide(Meze)Check In Check Out Show Prices 263 reviews Great98% Certificate of Excellence “A real gem”Reviewed 4 weeks ago “Very friendly and nice”Feb 24, 2016
Hotel-Restaurant Chez Claire & Patrick(Great Value!) (Meze)Check In Check Out Show Prices 25 reviews “Nice hotel”Feb 22, 2016“Family run hotel/restaurant”Jan 5, 2016
Hotel de Thau(Meze)Check In Check Out Show Prices 104 reviews Very Good77% Certificate of Excellence “A great place to stay in Meze”Reviewed 5 days ago “A very friendly hotel”Reviewed 1 week ago Hotel Restaurant Mucrina(Vias)Check In Check Out Show Prices 266 reviews Great85% Certificate of Excellence “Mucrina -Excellent again”Sep 24, 2015“Another visit to Hotel Mucrina”Aug 4, 2015
Hotel Le Victor Hugo(Agde)Check In Check Out Show Prices 15 reviews Average46% “Very poor rooms”Aug 3, 2014“Could do with renovation”Aug 13, 2012
Hotel de la Source(Great Value!) (Villeneuvette)Check In Check Out Show Prices 75 reviews Very Good77% “Charming stop over”Reviewed 2 weeks ago “Nice location, good dinner!”Reviewed 3 weeks ago Hotel du Patriarche(Agde)Check In Check Out Show Prices 78 reviews Average22% “Not recommend! ”Mar 16, 2016“Charming hotel with beautiful gardens in the centre of Agde”Dec 8, 2015
Hotel Araur(Great Value!) (Agde)Check In Check Out Show Prices 34 reviews Very Good85% “Exelent location, friendly owners, traditional style”May 16, 2016“Recent stay at hotel Araur”May 8, 2016
La Chaumiere(Great Value!) (Agde)Check In Check Out Show Prices 22 reviews Very Good63% “Very nice!”May 4, 2014“Cozy and clean!”Dec 28, 2013

value: This website is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


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Whimsical Orthopedics Black Skin Leather And Silvertone Watch | Groupon
Goods › Jewelry & Watches › Watches › Men's Watches › Fashion (1,374)
Whimsical Orthopedics Black Skin Leather And Silvertone Watch
If you can't find the right words to thank your Orthopedic Doctor, let the Whimsical Orthopedics Watch say it for you. It features hand-crafted miniatures of a Skeleton, pen and phone. The perfect way to show your appreciation for your Orthopedic Doctor.Designed and Painted in Usa. High Quality Quartz Movement. Itemtype: casual-watches. Band Material: leather-pig-skin. Band Color: Black . Orthopedics Theme Dial Watch. Black Skin Leather Strap Watch. Miniature Charm Watch. Themed Watch. Band Length: 9 inches. Band Width: .75 inches. Clasptype: buckle. Material: stainless-steel. Dial Color: White. Bezel Material: Silver Tone. Crystal: Plastic. Display Type: Analog. Item Shape: Round. Movement Type: Japanese-quartz. Case Size Thickness: 11 inches. Case Size Diameter:1.5 inches.

type: global

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Warren_Mehrtens
Latest News for: warren mehrtens
A post shared by Andrew Warren (@adwarren) on Jun 24, 2018 at 2.14pm PDT ... Trump’s fashion designer friend Andrew Warren posted a photo of himself posing with the POTUS’ second oldest daughter outside of SoHo House captioned “Happy Pride Saturday.” ... A post shared by Andrew Warren ......
Henry McMaster received 53,000 more votes than Greenville businessman John Warren in the June 12 primary, not an impossible gap for Warren to overcome in their Tuesday runoff but certainly a tough obstacle for the former Marine combat officer ... Warren, a political newcomer who has surged in polls over the past month, warned last week that Trump "would not be coming here if it wasn't close."....
Elizabeth Warren told Nevada Democrats Saturday they will play a pivotal role in November’s midterm elections on the road to taking back the White House in 2020 ... Taking aim at Trump administration policies she said pit the wealthy against working-class Americans, Warren didn’t mention any presidential aspirations in her keynote address to the Nevada Democratic Party’s state convention in Reno....

value: This website is a news aggregator founded in March 1995 and launched online in 1998. In 2003, Search Engine Watch praised the service for its "Special Reports", and called it "an interesting alternative" to other news aggregation services.


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Bill Clinton offers rewards, and risks, to wife's campaign | Daily Mail Online
Published: 19:48 EST, 2 July 2016 | Updated: 19:48 EST, 2 July 2016
FILE - In this May 13, 2016, file photo, former President Bill Clinton speaks while campaigning for his wife, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, at Passaic County Community College in Paterson, N.J. His popularity among Democrats is off the charts, he's a fundraising powerhouse and his administration is hailed by many as a high-water mark of economic prosperity. Without question, one of the key assets in Hillary Clinton's second campaign for the White House is her husband, Bill. And yet, there are still times when the former president can step in it. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez, File)
FILE - In this June 3, 2016, file photo, former President Bill Clinton kisses the hands of supporter Matilda Lavin of Burbank, Calif., at the Olive Recreation Center, while campaigning for his wife, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. His popularity among Democrats is off the charts, he's a fundraising powerhouse and his administration is hailed by many as a high-water mark of economic prosperity. Without question, one of the key assets in Hillary Clinton's second campaign for the White House is her husband, Bill. And yet, there are still times when the former president can step in it. (AP Photo/Damian Dovarganes, File)

value: This website is the website of the Daily Mail, a newspaper in the United Kingdom, and of its sister paper The Mail on Sunday. MailOnline is a division of dmg media, which is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc.


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Books Language Arts & Disciplines Grammar Hardcover Grammatical Constructions: Their Form and Meaning
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value: This website is is an online store that sells new books, used books, out-of-print books, rare books, and other media through an online network of independent booksellers.


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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/RRB
Latest News for: rrb
The Railway Recruitment Board released the RRB 2019 Admit Card, RRB JE Admit Card 2019, RRB ......
RRB Admit Card 2019: Hall ticket for RRB JE 2019 released; visit rrbcdg.gov.in to download
The RRB 2019 Admit Card, RRB JE Admit Card 2019 will be displayed at the ... The RRB JE online application started from January 2, 2019 and ended on January 31, 2019.  rrb admit card RRB Admit Card 2019 RRB JE 2019 RRB JE 2019 admit card....
Railway Recruitment Board: RRB JE Admit Card 2019 Released
The Railway Recruitment Board (RRB) has released the admit card for the Junior Engineer (JE) post on its official website. The RRB JE examination admit card was released by the Railway Recruitment Board today ... RRB JE ... RRB JE Admit Card 2019 Released ....
RRB 2019 Admit Card: Railway Recruitment Board to Release RRB Admit Card Today at rrbcdg.gov.in
The Railway Recruitment Board will be releasing the RRB 2019 Admit Card, RRB JE Admit Card 2019, RRB Junior ......
RRB JE exam admit cards are available online. Candidates can download them using registration number and date of birth ... ....
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The Railway Recruitment Board (RRB) will be releasing the admit card for RRB Entrance Examination 2019 today ... RRB will conduct the ... The RRB 2019 Admit Card, RRB JE Admit Card 2019 will be displayed on the screen....
The Railway Recruitment Board (RRBs) is likely to release the RRB JE Admit Card today. The RRB JE Admit Card released on the regional RRB official website. Candidates who have filled up the RRB JE Application form successfully will only be able to download the RRB JE Admit Card....
RRB JE Admit Card 2019 to be released today, when to download
According to the official notification released by RRB, the e- call letter will be released four days prior to the exam which means it can be download from May 18 onwards ... According to the official notification released by RRB, the e- call letter will be released four days prior to the exam which means it can be download from May 18 onwards....
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Why is Oliveboard the First Choice of Toppers for Bank, SSC, Railways, Insurance Exams preparation?Top Features of Oliveboard AppLive... ....
New Delhi, May 14. Here is a list of the 7th Pay Commission salary benefits for those candidates selected by the Railway Recruitment Board or the RRB. The RRB is all set to conduct on behalf of the Indian Railways the ... ....
The Railway Recruitment Board (RRB), after announcing the exam date for Junior Engineer (information technology), Depot Material Superintendent (DMS) and Chemical & Metallurgical Assistant (CMA), has now activated the link for the candidates to check the exam city and mock test ... It may be noted that the RRB has revised the JE vacancies....
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Here is the list of official websites Bhubaneshwar (rrrbbbs.gov.in), RRB Bilaspur (rrbbilaspur.gov.in), RRB Chandigarh (rrbcdg.gov.in), RRB Chennai (rrbchennai.gov.in), RRB Gorakhpur (rrbguwahati.gov.in), RRB Siliguri (rrbsiliguri.org), RRB Thiruvananthapuram ......


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Domino's Pizza - Monterey, CA | Groupon
+18313721999
Whether you are dining in or ordering takeout, Dominos Pizza's pizza in Monterey is always served hot and fresh.
Drivers will love the easy parking options just steps away from Dominos Pizza.
When you are in the mood for a delicious, mouthwatering pizza, pay Dominos Pizza a visit.


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Eoin Morgan the entertainer leaves pretenders for No6 spot in shade
This was an innings under pressure that finally vindicated the England selectors' faith in him as a Test player
England's Eoin Morgan thrived against Sri Lanka at Lord's. Photograph: Anthony Devlin/PA
Friday 3 June 2011 14.53 EDT First published on Friday 3 June 2011 14.53 EDT
Down on the Nursery Ground, where the spectators were stretching out in the teatime sunshine, there was a brass band belting out The Entertainer. Scott Joplin seemed a suitable sort of soundtrack for Eoin Morgan's innings of 79. He is a ragtime batsman, playing with a syncopated rhythm and little respect for the metre of Test cricket. His innings was only 15 balls old when he decided to take a two-step down the wicket and wallop a six over towards the Warner Stand.
That was off Rangana Herath, Sri Lanka's roly-poly left-arm spinner. He was in the middle of a miserly spell when Morgan came to the middle, his first three overs having cost just five runs. Morgan had been loitering at the back of the dressing room watching him bowl, sitting on a table swinging his legs back and forth and swigging from a can of Red Bull. "I was quite chilled," he said later. He took 14 runs from the seven balls Herath bowled to him, the six following on from a lofted drive over mid-off for four. "That wasn't calculated," Morgan explained. "It is something I do naturally. I was just playing it as I see it." Tillakaratne Dilshan duly yanked Herath out of the attack.
By then Morgan had 18 runs off 19 balls, more than he has made in any of his last six Test innings, a run stretching back to his hundred against Pakistan at Trent Bridge last July. For a man who looks to be such a natural in the one-day team, it has been an awkward start to a Test career. And he has a few sceptics to assuage. Some point to his first-class average – a meagre 38 – and others, Ravi Bopara among them, to his insistence on playing in the Indian Premier League rather than the green grass wickets of the English spring.
So it was interesting to see him throttle back after hitting Herath out of the attack. He took only three runs from his next 46 balls. "That is something I've worked on," said Morgan. "Just playing the ball as I see it. There were phases when they were bowling in channels at us for three or four overs in a row. So we had three or four maidens. We just said 'fair enough, let them bowl wide and they will come to us'."
And, eventually, that was what they did. Morgan snapped back into life, playing a series of strokes that cut through the babbling postprandial conversation and drew forth loud, braying cries of "shot!" from the crowd. A delivery from Dilshan was cracked back over the bowler's head, dumped with a thump into the hoardings in front of the pavilion for another six. Then, two balls later, Morgan played a cut so late it could have been sponsored by National Rail. It was one for the connoisseurs, making the old sages in the press box purr in appreciation.
It is not just Bopara and the other pretenders to the No6 slot that Morgan is measuring up against. Paul Collingwood's form in the last few months of his Test career was dire, but not so bad as to erase the memories of all the marvellous rearguard innings he had played for England over the years. Collingwood was England's insurance against a top-order collapse, their emergency service.
Morgan is a very different kind of batsman, and that has changed the dynamic of the team. He and Matt Prior are an aggressive pair of players to have coming in at No6 and No7. They look to counterattack and take the game away from the opposition. "We've talked about that," he said. "If we want to be the best side when our backs are to the wall we want to come out fighting." After tea he and Prior put on 101 runs together in 20 overs. Morgan is there to win matches, not save them.
But the No6 position works two ways. Morgan needs to prove he can cope in a crisis, that he can emulate a little of Collingwood's spirit, if not his style. England were 130 for four when he came in. "It was backs to the wall stuff," as he put it. And Morgan thrived, batting on through the long, hot afternoon until he fell lbw on referral as the day was drawing to a close. It was not a definitive innings, then, but it went some way to showing he is settling in to his new slot.

value: This website is a British news and media website owned by the Guardian Media Group. It contains nearly all of the content of the newspapers The Guardian and The Observer, as well as a substantial body of web-only work produced by its own staff, including a rolling news service.


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Play Cribbage - Lowertown Cribbage Players (Saint Paul, MN)
A former member Forgot it was Memorial Day on Monday and I have other plans. Won't make it this week. 0 · May 25, 2013 margaret s. opps-I forgot :) 0 · May 22, 2013 margaret s. This coming Monday let's play a brand new type of cribbage. Everyone against Steven. 0 · May 22, 2013 Vincent J P. It's a holiday so no work so I will make it this time! 0 · May 21, 2013 7 went
Love Cribbage? Live in and/or around Lowertown in St. Paul? Then come on down to the Black Dog Cafe. http://blackdogstpaul.com/ We meet every Monday to peg, talk, and listen to music. We play a friendly game and always want to teach new players the game. Bring your board, your cards, your pegs or just yourself. Let's peg!
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Cowboy Under the Western Sky - Walmart.com
Rex Allen - Cowboy Under The Western Sky (CD NEW)Label: JasmineFormat: CDRelease Date: 22 Jun 2009No. of Discs: 1UPC: 604988359121Album Tracks1. THE TRAIL OF THE LONESOME PINE2. NOTHIN TO DO3. THE LAST ROUND-UP4. THE LAST FRONTIER5. ROCKY MOUNTAIN LULLABY6. OLE FAITHFUL7. TWILIGHT ON THE TRAIL8. THE
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value: This website is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets , discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas.


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I decide: Nikon FX SLR (DF, D1-D4, D600-D800) Talk Forum: Digital Photography Review
I decide In reply to ch382,
No way will I let the camera decide !I use single-point, AF-C, AF-ON button, Release-priority for everything.This way I get far better and more consistent keepers.-- hide signature --JacquesApple & Eve website and blog : apple-and-eve.com Reply Reply with quote Complain
Top threads in this forum35Nikon D750 price drop in USA + out stock in many european stores = D760 is coming?14Please welcome me to the FX world14I may have messed up my bracketed photos on the trip I took so I need a bit of help - please12Wide angle lens for Architecture11Buffer size as showed in the View Finder D80011D750 learning curve8D610 24 70 2.8 D750 24 857Now that's macro dedication!7pelican cases7Switching from a6000 to D750, OVF question7WB card confusion6Nikon 80-200 AF-S 2.8 or Sigma 70-200 2.8?5A popular youtube review of the D650 I found.5D610 24 70 2.8 D750 24 85?5Life after the d7005The Noct or another great lens for that price?4How to get back to photography?4Issue using Nikon Transfer 2 to transfer D750 files to PC?3Capture NX-D2Tokina DX lens on FF camera-will it work?

value: This website is a website about digital cameras and digital photography, established in November 1998. The website provides comprehensive reviews of digital cameras, lenses and accessories, buying guides, user reviews, and forums for individual cameras, as well as general photography forums.


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FLATHEAD FORD / MERC OIL FILTER CANISTER 1932-1953 (New element)
Vintage NOS AC Brand Air Filter A697 Cadillac Buick Pontiac Chevrolet Oldsmobile
NOS Rotunda Fuel Filter 1962 Ford Falcon, Mercury Comet
Oil filter, Mazda, by Farmland, FER-73. NOS. Item: 3557
"C" AC S - 6 Oil Filter Canister Assembly 1955 Chevy 265 V-8 P-115 Element
NOS DENSITE 104 OIL FILTER CARTRIDGE FRAM C4S 50'S STUDEBAKER FORD LINC MERC ETC
NOS Mopar Transmission Filter - L-144TK - P/N 5212145
1953 1954 Chevrolet Oil Filter Canister W/ Filter & NEW Lines 53 54 Chevy EB208
Vintage Gas Fuel Filter AC GF93 in box #5650741
NOS 1946-56 Chrysler Web oil filter cartridge 1952 Desoto B-82P
AMERICAN MOTORS RAMBLER AIR CLEANER ELEMENT - ORIGINAL – NOS PART # 8991012
Purolator Filter Assembly AN 6234-4 Type PR 312
AMERICAN MOTORS RAMBLER AIR CLEANER ELEMENT - ORIGINAL – NOS PART # 8990575
Oil filter. Listing several. Same price each. NOS. Item: 5856/5863

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P. 1Bruce Schneier's Crypto-Gram, April 15 2008Bruce Schneier's Crypto-Gram, April 15 2008Ratings: (0)|Views: 68|Likes: 0Published by JPMore info:Published by: JP on Apr 24, 2008Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttps://www.scribd.com/doc/2621273/Bruce-Schneier-s-Crypto-Gram-April-15-200805/09/2014pdftextoriginal CRYPTO-GRAMApril 15, 2008by Bruce SchneierFounder and CTOBT Counterpaneschneier@schneier.comhttp://www.schneier.comhttp://www.counterpane.comA free monthly newsletter providing summaries, analyses, insights, andcommentaries on security: computer and otherwise.For back issues, or to subscribe, visit<http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram.html>.You can read this issue on the web at<http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-0804.html>. These same essaysappear in the "Schneier on Security" blog:<http://www.schneier.com/blog>. An RSS feed is available.** *** ***** ******* *********** *************In this issue:Third Annual Movie-Plot Threat ContestThe Security MindsetNewsThe Feeling and Reality of SecurityWeb EntrapmentSchneier/BT Counterpane NewsSpeeding Tickets and AgendaSeat Belts and Compensating BehaviorInternet CensorshipComments from Readers** *** ***** ******* *********** *************Third Annual Movie-Plot Threat ContestFor this contest, the goal is to create fear. Not just any fear, but afear that you can alleviate through the sale of your new product idea.There are lots of risks out there, some of them serious, some of them sounlikely that we shouldn't worry about them, and some of them completelymade up. And there are lots of products out there that provide securityagainst those risks.Your job is to invent one. First, find a risk or create one. It can bea terrorism risk, a criminal risk, a natural-disaster risk, a commonhousehold risk -- whatever. The weirder the better. Then, create aproduct that everyone simply *has to* buy to protect him- or herselffrom that risk. And finally, write a catalog ad for that product.Here's an example, pulled from page 25 of the Late Spring 2008 Skymall
More From This UserBruce Schneier's Crypto-Gram, 15 Feb 2008JPThe New American - NAU EditionJPBorce T Gjorgjievski - History of Western MagicJPFull Moon RitualsJPThe Library of Knowledge - Beginning Occult MagicJP

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Dead man's trail (Book, 2012) [WorldCat.org]
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/775417901
Title: Dead man's trail
Publisher: New York, N.Y. : Signet, ©2012.
ISBN/ISSN: 9780451238450 : 0451238451
OCLC:775417901
New York, N.Y. : Signet, ©2012.
A mysterious gunman saves Yakima Henry and his partner from attack and dies in the process, leaving behind a large poke of gold. Yakima vows to take the gold to the shooter's family but his way is made difficult by snow and predators, both human and animal.
9780451238450 : 0451238451
775417901
Add tags for "Dead man's trail".
<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/775417901>library:oclcnum"775417901"library:placeOfPublication<http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/countries/nyu>dcterms:identifier"nyu"rdf:typeschema:Placelibrary:placeOfPublication<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/1375601275#Place/new_york_n_y>rdf:typeschema:Placeschema:name"New York, N.Y."rdf:typeschema:Bookschema:about<http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1049233>rdf:typeschema:Intangibleschema:name"Outlaws."@enschema:about<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/1375601275#Topic/racially_mixed_people>rdf:typeschema:Intangiblerdfs:seeAlso<http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2008110346>schema:name"Racially mixed people"@enschema:about<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/1375601275#Topic/outlaws>rdf:typeschema:Intangiblerdfs:seeAlso<http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2008108737>schema:name"Outlaws"@enschema:about<http://dewey.info/class/813.54/e22/>rdf:typeschema:Intangibleschema:about<http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1086595>rdf:typeschema:Intangibleschema:name"Racially mixed people."@enschema:copyrightYear"2012"schema:creator<http://viaf.org/viaf/73302484>rdf:typeschema:Personschema:birthDate"1963"schema:familyName"Leslie"schema:givenName"Frank"schema:name"Leslie, Frank, 1963-"schema:datePublished"2012"schema:description"A mysterious gunman saves Yakima Henry and his partner from attack and dies in the process, leaving behind a large poke of gold. Yakima vows to take the gold to the shooter's family but his way is made difficult by snow and predators, both human and animal."@enschema:exampleOfWork<http://worldcat.org/entity/work/id/1375601275>schema:genre"Fiction"@enschema:genre"Historical fiction"@enschema:genre"Western stories"@enschema:inLanguage"en"schema:isPartOf<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/1375601275#Series/signet_historical_novel>rdf:typeschema:Seriesschema:hasPart<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/775417901>schema:name"Signet historical novel"schema:name"Dead man's trail"@enschema:numberOfPages"295"schema:publication<http://www.worldcat.org/title/-/oclc/775417901#PublicationEvent/new_york_n_y_signet_c2012>rdf:typeschema:PublicationEventschema:location<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/1375601275#Place/new_york_n_y>rdf:typeschema:Placeschema:name"New York, N.Y."schema:organizer<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/1375601275#Agent/signet>rdf:typebgn:Agentschema:name"Signet"schema:startDate"c2012"schema:publisher<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/1375601275#Agent/signet>rdf:typebgn:Agentschema:name"Signet"schema:workExample<http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780451238450>rdf:typeschema:ProductModelschema:isbn"0451238451"schema:isbn"9780451238450"wdrs:describedby<http://www.worldcat.org/title/-/oclc/775417901>rdf:typegenont:InformationResourcerdf:typegenont:ContentTypeGenericResourceschema:about<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/775417901>void:inDataset<http://purl.oclc.org/dataset/WorldCat>Content-negotiable representationsTurtle (text/turtle)JSON-LD (application/ld+json)RDF/XML (application/rdf+xml)N-TRIPLES (text/plain)HTML+RDFa (text/html)
Dead man's trail/Frank Leslie; New York, N.Y. : Signet, ©2012.

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Paris Home Improvement - Deals in Paris, TN | Groupon
Located in Huntingdon, Mallard's is a hugely-popular restaurant that delivers a flavorful menu. This restaurant delivers an unforgettable dining experience set in a relaxed atmosphere. The great menu options allow guests to focus on what matters: the superb quality.
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Led by Gary Kirtland, a certified colon hydrotherapist, food-psychology coach, and holistic-health counselor, the crew at Clarksville Colonics aims to detoxify bodies with more than 15 services, including signature colon-hydrotherapy treatments. Five types of cleanses, ranging from those focused on the liver or heavy metals, pair with 7- or 28-day detox plans. To help its clients, including members of the military, shed pesky pounds and pass their weight and tape test, the staff builds weight-loss programs from personalized diet coaching, infrared-sauna sessions, and abdominal wraps.
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Runners need to eat well in order to perform, and what they eat can have a direct influence on how they run. The Runner's World Cookbook is the perfect combination of performance-boosting nutrients to maximize performance with easy, delicious, and quick recipes.
Runners need to eat well in order to perform, and what they eat can have a direct influence on how they run. The Runner's World Cookbook is the perfect combination of performance-boosting nutrients to maximize performance with easy, delicious, and quick recipes. This cookbook contains 150 recipes sourced primarily from the authoritative voice in running itself, Runner's World magazine, along with exciting additional content. These recipes are intended to maximize a runner's performance and enhance nutritional benefits. The book will include two recipe indexes with visual keys for classification at the start of each recipe, with V (for vegetarian), VE (for vegan), GF (for gluten free), and more. The first section of the book focuses on nutritional information and staple ingredients every runner should kw, and the second part of the cookbook illustrates how to turn these facts into delicious, quick, and nutrient-boosting meals through delectable recipes. Every recipe will have an easy-to-follow icon system to identify key recipe attributes (i.e., recovery friendly; low-calorie; quick and easy), along with a nutrition guide that will offer readers tips on how to make the healthiest choices regarding that particular category of food. Divided by categories (Salads/Soups/Stews, Sandwiches/Wraps/Burgers, Pizza/Pasta, etc.), these recipes are presented by types of dishes runner can look to for satisfying performance needs in appetizing ways.
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item 7 Runner's World Cookbook, The by WORLD, runner's, of, Editors, The Hardcover Bo -Runner's World Cookbook, The by WORLD, runner's, of, Editors, The Hardcover Bo


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Patent US20060151874 - Active rectifier module for three-phase generators of vehicles - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA rectifier for rectifying alternating current into direct current is described, in which a three-phase generator includes a three-phase stator winding. The phases of the stator winding are triggered via switching elements of a power circuit. The power circuit is controlled via a control part, which...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060151874?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060151874 - Active rectifier module for three-phase generators of vehiclesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060151874 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/520,884PCT numberPCT/DE2003/001275Publication dateJul 13, 2006Filing dateApr 16, 2003Priority dateJul 10, 2002Also published asDE10231091A1, EP1522138A2, EP1522138B1, US7420224, WO2004008618A2, WO2004008618A3Publication number10520884, 520884, PCT/2003/1275, PCT/DE/2003/001275, PCT/DE/2003/01275, PCT/DE/3/001275, PCT/DE/3/01275, PCT/DE2003/001275, PCT/DE2003/01275, PCT/DE2003001275, PCT/DE200301275, PCT/DE3/001275, PCT/DE3/01275, PCT/DE3001275, PCT/DE301275, US 2006/0151874 A1, US 2006/151874 A1, US 20060151874 A1, US 20060151874A1, US 2006151874 A1, US 2006151874A1, US-A1-20060151874, US-A1-2006151874, US2006/0151874A1, US2006/151874A1, US20060151874 A1, US20060151874A1, US2006151874 A1, US2006151874A1InventorsReinhard Milich, Dirk BalszunatOriginal AssigneeReinhard Milich, Dirk BalszunatExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (6), Classifications (21), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetActive rectifier module for three-phase generators of vehiclesUS 20060151874 A1Abstract A rectifier for rectifying alternating current into direct current is described, in which a three-phase generator includes a three-phase stator winding. The phases of the stator winding are triggered via switching elements of a power circuit. The power circuit is controlled via a control part, which includes a controller component. The rectifier includes a control part (control module) having control terminals and a power circuit (power module) controlled by the control module and optionally provided with a cooling device, in which all the power-conducting components are designed as power MOS components and integrated in a stacked construction. Images(7) Claims(23)
1-22. (canceled) 23. A rectifier for rectifying an alternating current into a direct current, comprising: a control part including a controller component and control terminals; a power circuit controlled by the control part and including switching elements; and a three-phase generator including a three-phase stator winding, wherein: phases of the stator winding are triggered via the switching elements, all power-conducting components of the power circuit are power MOS components and are integrated in a stacked construction. 24. The rectifier as recited in claim 23, wherein the power-conducting components are power MOS components that are contacted on both sides. 25. The rectifier as recited in claim 23, further comprising: a cooling device, wherein: the stacked construction of the power includes a first substrate and a second substrate, between which the power MOS components are placed via contacts on both sides. 26. The rectifier as recited in claim 25, wherein the cooling device is situated on top of the stacked construction. 27. The rectifier as recited in claim 25, wherein the cooling device is situated on the bottom of the stacked construction. 28. The rectifier as recited in claim 23, wherein the power circuit is contacted outward over a surface. 29. The rectifier as recited in claim 28, wherein the power circuit is contacted outward via a heat conducting paste applied over a surface for dissipating heat. 30. The rectifier as recited in claim 24, wherein the power MOS components are contacted on both sides via contact surfaces serving as soldering points/soldering surfaces in the stacked construction. 31. The rectifier as recited in claim 24, wherein the power MOS components are contacted on both sides via contact surfaces serving as conductive adhesive surfaces in the stacked construction. 32. The rectifier as recited in claim 24, further comprising: a cooling element, wherein the stacked construction of the power circuit includes a pressed screen and a first substrate, between which the power MOS components, contacted on both sides, are placed. 33. The rectifier as recited in claim 23, wherein the stacked construction of the power circuit includes an IMS substrate, to which the power MOS components are connected. 34. The rectifier as recited in claim 23, wherein the control part is designed in a single-chip construction and includes a controller-ASIC component having an integrated driver component. 35. The rectifier as recited in claim 23, wherein the control part is designed in a multi-chip construction having a separate controller-ASIC component and a separate driver component. 36. The rectifier as recited in claim 25, wherein the power circuit contains power terminals as contacts between the first substrate and the second substrate. 37. The rectifier as recited in claim 25, wherein the power circuit includes power terminals that are placed on the first substrate of the stacked construction. 38. The rectifier as recited in claim 23, further comprising: an injection molded material in which the power MOS components are encapsulated. 39. The rectifier as recited in claim 25, wherein power terminals of the power circuit extend outside on an exposed, coating-free surface of one of substrate surfaces of the stacked construction. 40. The rectifier as recited in claim 38, wherein the power terminals extend one of outside laterally and in a vertical direction from the power circuit. 41. The rectifier as recited in claim 23, wherein: the control part is situated on a surface, made from injection molded material, of the power circuit and is connected thereto via the control terminals extending outside in a vertical direction. 42. The rectifier as recited in claim 23, wherein the control part includes an application-specific element. 43. The rectifier as recited in claim 25, wherein the stacked construction includes a base plate having metallic fixing elements projecting from sides thereof. 44. The rectifier as recited in claim 25, wherein the control part includes one of a standard-packaged IC and an IC having a wiring, each having second control terminals and to which the control terminals of one of the first substrate and the second substrate are connected.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION Three-phase generators that supply sufficient current to the vehicle electrical system under all operating conditions are used in vehicles. This ensures that the vehicle battery as energy accumulator is always sufficiently charged. Three-phase generators for vehicles are designed for charging voltages of, for example, 14V, 28V, in commercial vehicles and in the future for the 42V vehicle electrical system so that 12V, 24V or 36V batteries may be sufficiently charged. The charging of vehicle batteries and the operation of electronic components and electrical devices require direct current so that the three-phase alternating current of the three-phase generator may be rectified into direct current using a rectifier. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Starter systems for internal combustion engines are known from German Patent No. 197 09 298. The starter systems have a DC link inverter. This includes a DC-AC converter, a short-term energy accumulator, as well as a vehicle electrical system DC voltage converter. The components mentioned are controlled via a control device. The control device tells the converter the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the three-phase current to be supplied to the starter of a vehicle. Using the control device, the amount of current, the current direction, and the amount of the current increase or decrease is specified to the DC voltage converter. Furthermore, the control device tells a consumer control device the amount of current that may be removed from a short-term energy accumulator and the voltage difference to be overcome in the removal, if necessary. The starter motor requires additional energy from the short-term energy accumulator during the start phase. After the start, the starter motor works as a generator and provides the intermediate circuit with energy via the converter. The design of the vehicle electrical system DC voltage converter as a bi-directional converter makes it possible to bring electrical power from the vehicle battery into the intermediate circuit and to transfer power from the intermediate circuit to the low-voltage side when the starter motor is generator-operated after start. The vehicle electrical system's consumers may be supplied and the vehicle battery may be charged again during this process. The subject matter of German Published Patent Application No. 100 62 075 A is a converter with integrated intermediate circuit capacitors. The converter is connected to a voltage intermediate circuit exhibiting a charge accumulator. The converter according to this approach may contain either a half-bridge circuit or a bridge circuit. This circuit forms a module situated in a housing. The charge accumulator is divided into several intermediate circuit capacitors, of which one, several, or all form an integrated component or components of the module. In three-phase generators currently used in vehicles, their rectifiers are often made of passive components. High-blocking capability diodes or Zener-diodes may be used for this. High-blocking capability diodes work like a flow control valve and are therefore suitable semiconductor components for rectifying alternating currents. The current in blocking direction may be up to 107 smaller in comparison with the forward current. The latter rises sharply with increasing temperature. In Zener-diodes (Z-diodes), when the voltage increases in reverse direction starting from the time a certain voltage is reached, there is a steep rise in the current as a result of the Zener and/or avalanche breakdown. Z-diodes are designed for continuous operation within the breakdown region. The most common type of assembly of the mentioned semiconductor components is pressing in the diodes into a heat sink or into a cooling plate. In addition, these diodes may also be pressed directly into the end shield of a three-phase generator. Aside from the semiconductor components, the electronics of the three-phase generator includes a controller with which the excitation current as well as the freewheel are controlled. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Through the proposed approach according to the present invention, an active rectifier is provided, which replaces the rectifiers containing the previous passive electronic components. The rectifier proposed according to the present invention containing the active electronic components furthermore has a separation between the power circuit and the control part. The separation of power circuit and control part on the rectifier made of active components considerably improves the efficiency that is obtained, since power MOS components (metal oxide semiconductors) are used as active electronic components, with which much higher generator power outputs may be rectified in contrast to passive electronic components such as high-blocking capability diodes. The rectification of higher generator capacities ensures the use of the active rectifier proposed according to the present invention within the 42V vehicle electrical system that is expected to be used in vehicles in the future, either as the vehicle electrical system or to supplement the previous 12V vehicle electrical system. Since the power components are combined in a power circuit (power module), and sufficient heat dissipation should be provided here, a cooling device may be provided directly on the power circuit or integrated directly into this power circuit (power module). With the design according to the present invention of an active rectifier, the assembly costs are further greatly reduced and lower manufacturing costs per rectifier may be achieved. In view of the expected use in the future of 42V vehicle electrical systems, for which there are no cost-effective passive components, such as Zener-diodes, a cost-effective alternative which lowers the unit cost per rectifier, may be provided by the approach proposed according to the present invention through the use of active components, such as power MOS components. The use of actively switching power MOS components is advantageous in that there is less electrical loss since the resistance of actively connected power MOS components is less than that of diodes in forward direction representing high-blocking capability passive components. Due to improved heat dissipation through a heat sink directly allocated to the power circuit, higher generator output powers that occur in the 42V vehicle electrical system may be rectified. In the event of a sudden load release (load dump), the behavior of the three-phase generator and the vehicle electrical system charge may be influenced favorably compared with the behavior in the case of rectifiers, by actively connecting the power MOS components using passive components and the occurrence of the Zener breakdown on the Z-diodes. The parameter variance of the Zener voltage caused by the component result in a wide vehicle electrical system voltage range with respect to the upper limit when a sudden load release (load dump) occurs. By actively connecting the power MOS components, this voltage range may be reduced with respect to the maximum occurring vehicle electrical system voltage Umax. Furthermore, there is much less tolerance in power MOS components for parameter variance caused by the component. With the configuration according to the present invention of a rectifier containing an active component, the power losses in the rectifier during freewheeling may also be reduced through active connection of the power MOS components. With the proposed design approach, the power-conducting components assigned up to now to the controller, such as for example, field output stages and freewheeling diodes, may also be integrated into the power circuit. This makes it possible to concentrate the altogether necessary cooling effort to dissipate the heat on the power circuit (power module) and to greatly reduce the thermal power loss on the controller component. A further advantage is that a simplified assembly of the controller IC is achieved, in which the integration of the freewheeling diode and the field output stages into the power circuit (power module) considerably enhances the flexibility with respect to choosing where to mount the controller IC. Client-specific differences with respect to the plug connections as well as the controller ASIC are limited to the control part (control module), while the power circuit (power module) of the active rectifier is not affected. The power circuit (power module) contains the active rectifier, the field output stage, and the freewheeling diode and provides an interface for the control part regardless of the client. The functionality required for controlling the active rectifier proposed according to the present invention, i.e., the gate driver, may be mounted in the controller ASIC in a single-chip approach. If the entire power circuit (power module) is designed such that it is soldered on both sides, production costs may be kept low since assembly lines with reflow soldering equipment or vacuum through-type furnaces may be used to manufacture these contacts and allow industrial scale manufacture, resulting in a lower unit cost per active rectifier according to the approach according to the present invention. An improved thermal connection may be established through soldering point contacts on both sides. Through the plastic extrusion coating method (molding), the active components, i.e., power MOS components, may be effectively protected from outside influences, such as splashed water, shaking and dirt accumulation, and at the same time offer level assembly surfaces for power circuits and control parts of the active rectifier which are stack-mounted, for example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows the circuit of an active rectifier having a control part, power circuit, and their arrangement separate from one another; FIG. 2 shows the cross-section of a stacked construction made up of the heat sink, upper and lower DBC carrier substrate and actively switching components positioned between them; FIG. 3 shows the top view of the lower substrate of the stacked construction according to FIG. 2; FIG. 4 shows the top view of the lower substrate, including power components and freewheeling diode placed on it; FIG. 5 shows a power circuit situated between substrates, having connections extending outside on the sides; FIG. 6 shows a power circuit with the connections mounted; FIG. 7 shows a power module extrusion-coated using the extrusion coating method, having a heat sink situated on the top; FIGS. 8.1 to 8.3 show injection-molded power modules having connections in different variations extended outside on the sides; FIG. 9 shows an active rectifier having a control module mounted on a power module; FIG. 10 shows an embodiment variant having a control IC standard-packaged into the power circuit, and FIG. 11 shows an embodiment variant having a control part integrated into the power circuit, the IC of the control part being connected to the power circuit terminals through wire connections.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 1 shows the circuit of an active rectifier having a control part, a power circuit, and their arrangement separate from one another. An active rectifier 1 constructed according to the schematic diagram illustrated in FIG. 1 includes control part 2, which has controller IC 3 as well as a gate driver 4 triggered by the controller IC. Instead of the embodiment option of control part 2 (control module) in a multi-chip construction, as shown in FIG. 1, gate driver component 4 may also be integrated into controller IC 3, as a result of which control part 2 of active rectifier 1 is also implementable in a single-chip construction according to FIG. 1. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the controller IC is connected to power circuit 8 (power module), which includes power-conducting actively switching components, via a bi-directional control line 5. Gate driver 4 contained in control part 2 (control module) is connected to power circuit 8 (power module), preferably having a stacked construction 20, via a first control line 6 as well as a second control line 7. Power circuit 8 (power module) is configured preferably in stacked construction 20 illustrated in FIG. 2. Power circuit 8 (power module), according to the illustration in FIG. 1, includes transistors 15.1 and 15.2 taking over switching functions and preferably configured as power MOS components, through which a phase 10 (U) of a stator winding 9 of a three-phase generator is controlled. A further phase 11 (V) of stator winding 9 of the three-phase generator is controlled by transistor pair 16.1 or 16.2 of power circuit 8 (power module) containing the power-conducting component, while transistors 17.1 and 17.2 designed as power MOS components control phase 12 (W) of the three-phase stator winding 9 of a three-phase generator. Moreover, a freewheeling diode 13 which is allocated to an energizing field coil 14, through which three-phase stator winding 9 of the three-phase generator is energized, is accommodated in power circuit 8 (power module). According to this circuit of an active rectifier, all those components 15.1, 15.2; 16.1, 16.2; 17.1, 17.2 as well as 13 are mounted within power circuit 8 (power module). The control function is located in a single-chip or a multi-chip construction within control part 2 (control module), spatially separate from power circuit 8 (power module) of the active rectifier. FIG. 2 shows the cross-section of a stacked construction of a power module having a heat sink, an upper and a lower DBC carrier substrate, and actively switching power MOS components situated therebetween. A variant of the above embodiment having the layer structure of a power circuit 8 (power module) according to the schematic illustration in FIG. 1 arises from the illustration according to FIG. 2. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 of a possible stacked construction 20, this variant includes a first substrate 25 as well as a further, second substrate 27. First substrate 25 and second substrate 27 may be designed as DBC carriers. DBC (direct bonded copper) represents a ceramic-based substrate material provided on both sides with a copper plating. Semiconductor components preferably designed as power MOS components 28 are mounted between first substrate 25 and second substrate 27 of stacked construction 20 according to FIG. 2. Actively switching power MOS components 28 are contacted on both sides via contacting surfaces 29. Contacting surfaces 29 may be manufactured by a surface soldering technique as well as via conductive adhesives. The possibility of manufacture using a soldering method that allows contacting on both sides facilitates a compact stacked construction 20 of the active rectifier at low production costs, while the thermal connection is greatly improved in comparison with conventional designs. In the exemplary embodiment of stacked construction 20 according to FIG. 2, heat sink 23 is mounted on bottom 22 of stacked construction 20, as the cooling device and is provided on its side facing away from stacked construction 20 with ribbing 24 to increase the heat-dissipating surface. Depending on the application, it is of course possible to position heat sink 23 functioning as a cooling device also on top side 21 of stacked construction 20 instead of its bottom side 22. Instead of heat sink 23 functioning as a cooling device with increased heat-dissipating surface 24, as illustrated in FIG. 2, stacked construction 20 of power circuit 8 (power module) may be contacted outward on the exterior, i.e., on top side 21 or on bottom side 22 also by applying a heat conducting paste to the surface. In this alternative embodiment of stacked construction 20 of power circuit 8 (power module) proposed according to the present invention, heat sink 23 may be omitted. Instead of the stacked construction 20 variant illustrated in FIG. 2 of power circuit 8 (power module) of active rectifier 1 according to FIG. 1, stacked construction 20 may also contain a pressed screen on which the individual power-conducting components, preferably designed as power MOS components 28, are mounted. A second substrate layer 27, similar to stacked construction 20 according to the illustration in FIG. 2, on whose exterior heat sink 23 having enlarged heat-dissipating surface 24 may be mounted, may be located next to these two layers of a component representing stacked construction 20. Second substrate 27 according to this alternative embodiment of stacked construction 20 may be DBC. In a further alternative, possible embodiment of stacked construction 20 within power circuit 8 (power module), first substrate 25 as well as second substrate 27 may be replaced by an IMS substrate. An insulated strip conductor placed on an Al-carrier is referred to as an IMS substrate (insulated metal substrate). FIG. 3 shows the top view of a second substrate of a stacked construction according to the illustration in FIG. 2. The top view illustrated in FIG. 3 of second substrate 27 of stacked construction 20 according to FIG. 2 shows that second substrate 27 is provided with contacting surfaces 29 on the side facing power MOS components 28. Contact surface 29 may be [manufactured] either by soldering or using conductive adhesives. All control and signal terminals, combined as control terminals and provided with reference number 30, are extended to the outside preferably on one side of second substrate 27 to form the application-specific interface for control part 2 (see illustration in FIG. 1), not shown in FIG. 3. Second substrate 27 may be executed as DBC as well as as IMS. Control terminals 30 include, specifically, a gate 31 for energizing feed coil 14, a gate 32 for high-side switch of phase U, a gate 33 for high-side switch for phase V of three-phase stator winding 9 of the three-phase generator, as well as a gate 34 for high-side circuit element of phase W of three-phase stator winding 9. Moreover, reference numbers 35, 26, 37 refer to the potentials of phases U and V and W, respectively, of three-phase stator winding 9. The potential connection for excitation field coil 14 is marked using reference number 38, while the voltage level is applied to gate 39. Gate 40 refers to the grounding, while gates 41, 42 and 43 each refer to the drive terminals for the low-side switch of phases U, V and W, respectively, of three-phase stator winding 9 of the three-phase generator. FIG. 4 is the top view of the lower substrate of a stacked construction, having positioned power switching elements and freewheeling diode. The top view reproduced in the illustration according to FIG. 4 is similar to the illustration of FIG. 3 with the exception that the individual power-conducting components preferably designed as power MOS components 28 are superimposed over contacting surfaces 29 shown in FIG. 3, be they produced by soldering or through conductive adhesives. Power-conducting components 28 forming power-conducting components 15.1 or 15.2 for phase U, power-conducting components 16.1 or 16.2 for phase V, and power-conducting components 17.1 or 17.2 for phase W of three-phase stator winding 9, shown in FIG. 1, are represented by two-dimensional sections and are furthermore covered by an upper substrate 25 not shown in FIG. 4 according to stacked construction 20, as can be inferred from the cross-section in FIG. 2. Drive terminals 30, which may for example be extended outside on an open side of second substrate 27 from power circuit 8 (power module), correspond to drive terminals 30 which were already mentioned and described in connection with FIG. 3. Power terminals that are extended outside on two sides from the power circuit are indicated in FIG. 5. While the individual drive terminals 30 shown in greater detail in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 respectively are extended outside from one side of power circuit 8 (power module), power terminals 45.1 or 45.2 arise through contacting between first substrate 25 and second substrate 27 according to stacked construction 20 (see illustration according to FIG. 2) formed contacts. In the top view according to FIG. 5, first substrate 25 has a smaller surface area than underlying second substrate 27. As a result, drive terminals 30 lie exposed on one side of power circuit 8 (power module) and may be therefore contacted by power circuit 2 (see illustration in FIG. 9), not shown in FIG. 5. As an alternative to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 of power terminals formed as contacts between substrate surfaces, FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of power terminals that are installed. It can be inferred from the illustration according to FIG. 6 that power circuit 8 (see stacked construction 20 in FIG. 2) includes first substrate 25 as well as second underlying substrate 27 according to FIG. 6, executed in DBC or IMS. First substrate 25 has a smaller surface area than the underlying illustrated second substrate 27. As a result, an edge area is formed on second substrate 27 in stacked construction 20, the edge area serving in the embodiment of power terminals 46.1 or 46.2 as contact points for contact elements to be placed on second substrate 27. Similar to the illustration of power circuit 8 (power module) according to FIG. 5, drive terminals 30 are combined on one side of power circuit 8 (power module), extended outside under first substrate 25, and lie freely accessible on an exposed section of second substrate 27 of stacked construction 20 (see FIG. 2). FIG. 7 shows a power circuit encapsulated by an injection molded material having a shifted heat sink positioned on its top. FIG. 7 shows that the positioning of substrate surfaces 25, 27, not shown in FIG. 7, and the power-conducting components of active rectifier 1 preferably designed as power MOS components 28 and positioned therebetween may be encapsulated in a block-type manner by plastic material 51. These components may be effectively encapsulated by extrusion coating power-conducting components 28 with a plastic material. In the embodiment of a power circuit 8 (power module), the power terminals 45.1 or 45.2, which are extended outside on both sides of power circuit 8 (power module), are designed as contacts between first substrate 25 and second substrate 27, not shown here. Instead of injection molding material 51, power circuit 8 (power module) may alternatively also include a base plate on which fastening elements 49, 50 illustrated in FIG. 7�designed here as mounting straps�are situated. Mounting straps 49 and 50 of the base plate illustrated in FIG. 7 as an alternative, for example, may supplement or replace the effect of heat sink 23 having an enlarged heat transfer surface 24 situated on the top of power circuit 8 (power module). Mounting straps 49 or 50 may be provided with screw holes or rivet holes. Alternatively to this design, these screw holes or rivet holes in mounting straps 49 and 50 may also be located directly on ribbings 24 of heat sink 23 serving as a cooling device, which dissipates heat from power-conducting components 28. In the illustration of FIG. 7, drive terminals 30 for a power circuit not shown in FIG. 7 (see schematic illustration according to FIG. 1) extend upward in vertical direction 53. A control part 2 (control module) not shown in FIG. 7 may for example be plugged onto the level horizontal top side of power circuit 8 (power module) and consequently directly contact drive terminals 30 running upward in vertical direction 53. Different embodiments of the outward extension of the drive terminals from power circuit 8 (power module) may be inferred from FIGS. 8.1 through 8.3. It is common to the illustrations according to FIGS. 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3 that the power-conducting components not shown in detail in these figures, preferably designed as power MOS components, may be encapsulated by a plastic coating material indicated by reference 51, or power circuit 8 (power module) may include a base plate having fastening elements 49 or 50 extended outside on the sides. The power terminals for power-conducting components 28 situated in the interior in FIGS. 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are labeled with reference numbers 45.1 and 45.2. These are designed in the illustrations according to FIGS. 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3, as contacts between first substrate 25 and second substrate 27, likewise not shown. Alternatively, power terminals 45.1 or 45.2 may be designed according to the illustration in FIG. 6 as contacts placed on second substrate 27. In the illustration according to FIG. 8.1, drive terminals 30 extend above an uncoated edge of second substrate 27 and are freely accessible for contacting control part 2 (control module) not shown in FIG. 8.1. In the illustration according to FIG. 8.2, drive terminals 30 for contacting control part 2 (control module) likewise not shown in FIG. 8.2 extend outside on the sides of power circuit 8 (power module). FIG. 8.3 shows drive terminals 30 extending outside vertically 53 upward from the interior of power circuit 8 (power module), comparable with the embodiment of a power circuit 8 (power module) shown in FIG. 7, which accommodates the power-conducting components of an active rectifier. Although it is not shown in detail in FIGS. 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3, heat sink 23 shown in perspective top view in FIG. 7, having enlarged heat transfer surface 24, may be situated on top 21 as well as on bottom 22 of power circuit 8 (power module). Instead of the cooling device illustrated in FIG. 7, formed by heat sink 23, top 21 and bottom 22 of power circuit 8 (power module) illustrated in FIGS. 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3 may be provided with a heat conducting paste over a large surface area, through which the heat given off by power-conducting components designed as power MOS components 28 may be dissipated. In such cases, it is not necessary to provide ribbed heat sink 23 according to the illustration in FIG. 7 or according to stacked construction 20, shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 9 shows an active rectifier having a control module placed on a power module. From this embodiment, it may be inferred that control part 2 (control module) is placed on top 21 of power circuit 8 (power module). Top 21, essentially designed as a horizontal surface, represents the area for the placement of control part 2. Control part 2 may also have extrusion coating so that controller components 3 and 55 (not shown here) situated in the interior of control part 2 (control module) may be contacted through a single interface, i.e., the application-specific plug contact 54. Application-specific plug contact 54 attached in an easily accessible manner on the top advantageously allows client-specific variations, both regarding the plug contact and the controller IC used, to be reduced to a single component, namely control part 2. Power circuit 8 (power module) itself, containing active rectifier 1, one or several field output stages and freewheeling diode 13, provides a client-independent interface. The connection between power circuit 8 (power module) and control part 2 (control module) is not specific to the application and may be implemented through a simple clip-on using control terminals 30, shown in FIGs. 8.3 or 7, essentially extending in vertical direction 53. FIG. 10 shows an embodiment having the control part with standard packaged IC mounted in the power circuit. Power circuit 8 (power module) according to the illustration in FIG. 10 includes, for example, a standard packaged IC 55, which may serve as controller IC 3 (see illustration according to FIG. 1) mounted on second substrate surface 27. The power terminals are indicated with reference numbers 45.1 and 45.2, and are extended outside on the sides from power circuit 8 (power module). Drive terminals 30 indicated with reference number 30 are connected to contacting points 56 of IC 55. IC 55 itself may be triggered through control terminals 57, which are schematically indicated in FIG. 10. The illustration according to FIG. 10 furthermore shows that upper substrate 25 of power circuit 8 (power module) may be designed to fit a smaller space than second substrate 27 shown under it. Power circuit 8 (power module) illustrated in FIG. 11 includes controller IC 3, connected via wire-bonded connections 58 to individual drive terminals 30 of power-conducting components 28, which are preferably designed as power MOS components. Controller IC 3 is also controllable via drive terminals 57 according to the illustration in FIG. 11; furthermore, power circuit 8 (power module) illustrated in FIG. 11 includes power terminals 45.1 or 45.2 which, according to the three-phase stator winding 9, are extended outward on the input side and on the output side from power circuit 8 (power module) of active rectifier 1. The above approach shown in different embodiments provides an active rectifier 1 which may be installed in the 42V vehicle electrical systems to be used in the future, for which the cost-effective Zener-diodes representing passive components are not available for rectification. In the rectification carried out in active rectifier 1 using power MOS components 28, there are much less electrical losses because the resistance of actively connected power MOS components 28 is less than that of diodes in forward direction. Since higher currents may be handled, higher generator outputs necessary for the 42V vehicle electrical system may be rectified. Even in the event of a sudden load release, the behavior of the three-phase generator or of the vehicle electrical system may be favorably influenced through the use of power MOS components 28 through active connection. Furthermore, in active rectifier 1 proposed according to the present invention, the line losses in the active rectifier may be reduced during freewheeling through active connection. In addition, through a body diode, which is in the power MOS component as required by the process, freewheeling is also possible in the absence of a corresponding control signal. Since the power-conducting components are combined in power circuit 8 (power module), effective cooling may be achieved on power circuit 8 (power module) either by positioning a heat sink 23 having enlarged heat-dissipating surface 24, or by applying a heat conducting paste that favors heat dissipation over a surface of top 21 or bottom 22 of housing 51, produced by the mold method, of power circuit 8 (power module). The separation of functions between control part 2 (control module) and power circuit 8 (power module) facilitates the reduction of the thermal power losses of controller IC 3 or 55, which in previous modifications of the embodiment contained a field output stage and freewheeling diode 14 for the excitation current. Consequently, a substantially simplified assembly method for controller ICs 3 may be used, and flexibility with respect to the choice of mounting location is considerably increased. Using the approach proposed according to the present invention, client-specific differences with respect to the connector geometry and the choice of controller components 3 may be reduced to a single component, namely control part 2. Power circuit 8 (power module) itself, containing active rectifier 1, the field output stage, as well as freewheeling diode 13, provides a client-independent interface. The functionality required for controlling active rectifier 1 in the form of control driver 4 may be integrated into controller IC 3 in a single-chip construction and may also be accommodated in control part 2 (control module) as a separate chip component in a multi-chip construction. If stacked construction 20 is carried out in the above sketched embodiments using soldering technique on both sides or through conductive adhesives, a compact design of active rectifier 1 having lower production costs allows a much improved thermal connection compared to the usual stacked construction. LIST OF REFERENCES 1 Active rectifier circuit 2 Control part 3 Controller IC 4 Gate driver 5 Bi-directional line 6 First control line 7 Second control line 8 Power circuit 8 (power module) 9 Stator winding 10 U phase 11 V phase of the stator winding 12 W phase 13 Freewheeling diode 14 Excitation field coil 15.1 1st Transistor U phase 15.2 2nd Transistor U phase 16.1 1st Transistor V phase 16.2 2nd Transistor V phase 17.1 1st Transistor W phase 17.2 2nd Transistor W phase 20 Stacked construction 21 Top 22 Bottom 23 Cooling device 24 Heat transfer surface 25 First substrate surface 26 Intermediate contacting 27 Second substrate surface 28 Active semiconductor component (MOS) metal oxide semiconductor 29 Contacting areas 30 Control terminals 31 Gate excitation winding 32 Gate high-side phase U 33 Gate high-side phase V 34 Gate high-side phase W 35 Potential phase U 36 Potential phase V 37 Potential phase W 38 Potential energizing field 39 B+
40 Ground 41 Gate low-side phase U 42 Gate low-side phase V 43 Gate low-side phase W 44 Contacting area of second substrate 45.1 Power terminals 45.2 Power terminals 46.1 Power terminals 46.2 Power terminals 47 Stacked first power terminals 48 Stacked second power terminals 49 First mounting strap 50 Second mounting strap 51 Injection molding material (molding) 52 Exposed second substrate 53 Vertical arrangement of control terminals 30 54 Application-specific plug 55 Standard packed IC 56 Contact for IC for control terminals 30 57 Control terminals IC 58 Wire bonding position Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7211891 *Nov 26, 2004May 1, 2007Sharp Kabushiki KaishaElectronic heat pump device, laser component, optical pickup and electronic equipmentUS7999369 *Aug 29, 2006Aug 16, 2011Denso CorporationPower electronic package having two substrates with multiple semiconductor chips and electronic componentsUS8432030Jun 29, 2011Apr 30, 2013Denso CorporationPower electronic package having two substrates with multiple semiconductor chips and electronic componentsUS8659925Oct 22, 2010Feb 25, 2014Hamilton Sundstrand CorporationThree-level active rectification pulse width modulation controlEP1988571A2 *Apr 2, 2008Nov 5, 2008Delphi Technologies, Inc.High power semiconductor package with dual-sided heat sinkingEP2164100A2 *Sep 1, 2009Mar 17, 2010Delphi Technologies, Inc.Leaded semiconductor power module with direct bonding and double sided cooling* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification257/713, 257/E25.031, 257/E25.029, 307/150, 257/E25.016International ClassificationH01L25/07, H02J7/14, H02J7/00, H02M7/12, H01L23/34, H02K11/04Cooperative ClassificationH01L25/165, H01L25/16, H01L25/072, H02M7/003, H02J7/14, H02K11/048European ClassificationH02K11/04D1, H01L25/16H, H01L25/16, H01L25/07NLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 28, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 22, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MILICH, REINHARD;BALSZUNAT, DIRK;REEL/FRAME:016908/0291;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050222 TO 20050228RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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Over Self-DeceptionThe Deception of Evolution0 of .Results for: No results containing your search query{{& result_text }}
P. 1Why Do You Deceive YourselfWhy Do You Deceive YourselfRatings: 0|Views: 298|Likes: 1Published by Hadi AbdulLahSay: "The Angel of Death, who has been given charge of you, will take you back and then you will be sent back to your Lord." If only you could see the evildoers hanging their heads in shame before their Lord: "Our Lord, we have seen and we have heard, so send us back again and we will act rightly. Truly we now have certainty." (Surat as-Sajda: 11-12)Say: "The Angel of Death, who has been given charge of you, will take you back and then you will be sent back to your Lord." If only you could see the evildoers hanging their heads in shame before their Lord: "Our Lord, we have seen and we have heard, so send us back again and we will act rightly. Truly we now have certainty." (Surat as-Sajda: 11-12)More info:Categories:Types, ResearchPublished by: Hadi AbdulLah on Jun 21, 2011Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.Free download as PDF, TXT or read online for free from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee MoreSee lesshttp://www.scribd.com/doc/58393987/Why-Do-You-Deceive-Yourself01/08/2013pdftextoriginal In the name of Allah, All-Merciful, Most Merciful
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Hazrat Mahdi Pbuh in the Quran the Torah the Psalms and t...
The School of Prophet Yusuf