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Saddle Up Stables (Lake George, NY): Top Tips Before You Go (with Photos) - TripAdvisor
The hiking rides are absolutely great for first timers. I would do it again. The kids loved there... read more
“Nice views at the top!”
Was a nice ride and our guide was friendly. I thought the price was a tad high ($50 for an hour... read more
“beautiful trail” (4 reviews)
The hiking rides are absolutely great for first timers. I would do it again. The kids loved there pony rides alsoMore
SaddleUp1, Manager at Saddle Up Stables, responded to this reviewResponded September 5, 2014
So happy you had a great time. Even though we do get many great experienced riders here, we still want to make sure we go over all safety and riding instructions with everyone. We try our best to have nice trails and good horses for...More
Was a nice ride and our guide was friendly. I thought the price was a tad high ($50 for an hour long ride). Horses really just play follow the leader. Nice for a beginner rider.More
Thanks for the response. Our trails are constantly being worked on to make them the best trails in the area. We specialize in views of Lake George from our trails that other stables don't offer. The horses are trained to follow, because we have many...More
RaquelMunaron
My family and I went on the first ride of the day, the variety of horses was impressive and you could really tell how well the horses were taken care of. The staff was friendly and well mannered. Although we informed them we have experience...More
3 Thank RaquelMunaron
SaddleUp1, Manager at Saddle Up Stables, responded to this reviewResponded August 12, 2014
5 Thank TC21613


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Evening BAG Leopard Print Rhinestone Clutch Chain Srap Shoulder Handbag Party | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvancedG'day (Sign in to bid or buy)eBay DealsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBayMy eBay SummaryBids/OffersWatch ListWish ListAll ListsPurchase HistorySelling/soldMy CollectionsFollowed searchesMy messagesNotification Back to home page
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Better-cooking students, coming soon to a screen near you
A cooking show for students, by students is revolutionising culinary skills around the country
Mon 29 Nov 2010 11.30 EST First published on Mon 29 Nov 2010 11.30 EST
Mufadal Jiwaji, a master's student at St Andrews and self-confessed foodie, appears on studentcooking.tv. Photograph: studentcooking.tv
Culinarily inept freshers used to fend for themselves in university kitchens armed with the sole cheap student grub recipe book on the market. Now, a growing number of universities are equipping them with a website smorgasbord of videos to help them master how to boil an egg.
Studentcooking.tv is cooking for the Facebook generation. Universities see it as the perfect way to engage with students and improve their experience of university – upon which government ministers increasingly insist.
Two friends from York St Johns University – Simon Horniblow and Oliver Harrison, both now 26 – came up with the idea of making irreverent videos to teach students to cook. Freshly graduated and working full-time in TV, Horniblow was ribbed for still being confused by a microwave. While Harrison had used his spare time to master cooking at university, Horniblow's culinary prowess after graduation was limited to ready meals.
"We were getting on his back about learning to cook, saying it's really easy and you can save money, and they came up with the idea," explains Tom White, another university friend and now senior project manager at studentcooking.tv.
"You don't realise when you're a student you have loads of downtime, and you can learn to cook together. It's a good way to make friends, too, as you're always popular if you can cook. And you can do market shopping, which is cheaper and better quality. We were working in TV, knew how to make videos and thought you could put them on YouTube. It grew from there."
A chance meeting with Loughborough University's executive chef, Mark Price, led to financial backing and the setting-up of a joint company – Campus Life – of which studentcooking.tv is the backbone. Malcolm Brown, Loughborough's director of residential and commercial services, helped to pioneer the project. "Three years ago, we were looking at how to get into social media to develop business with our students," he says. "They no longer read notices and we felt we needed to engage with them more." They broadened the video contents beyond cooking to include Loughborough's markets, and the project became a "living experience".
According to Brown, "student experience" is more important than ever, particularly with the prospect of rising fees. "Being a sports university, lots of students were interested in recipes, individualised food diaries and nutritional information.
"Universities are realising it's not just about academia, but the experience students have while they are at university and, let's face it, they spend at least half of their time outside of lectures in coffee shops on campus or in their houses," he says.
Today's students still slob on the sofa watching cookery programmes, but they want to create and showcase their own culinary delights, too. Mufadal Jiwaji, a master's student at St Andrews University, is a self-confessed foodie and a founder of its Fine Food and Dining Society. He says the city's lack of nightclubs means dinner parties are a key part of the university's culture and students are already interested in food.
But Jiwaji hopes the university's new website will inspire students to ditch the supermarket in favour of local producers and tackle more challenging recipes. St Andrews's international students should also benefit. "There are lots of American and Asian students and the city's one Tesco metro is always rammed," he says. "None of the students think to go to the greengrocers or fishmongers."
Studentcooking.tv has also lent weight to his society's efforts to encourage students and the university to care more about local food and sustainability, too, he adds.
"We work directly with university departments to understand what they want out of it and what the student experience is like," White explains. "It's all based around video content, but we also do events on campus. We do local shopping guides so students can find their way around the city, and an interactive food diary system that's quite unique. It reads their guideline daily amounts and what weight they should be at their age, and forwards them to recipes to help."
The idea is to create a community feel, which appeals to students and university officials alike. Over a dozen universities have à la carte studentcooking.tv websites and Leicester University is preparing to launch its own in January.
Some of the videos on studentcooking.tv parody popular competitive cookery shows such as Masterchef and Come Dine With Me, others provide recipe ideas and basic cookery skills. Sheffield University recently ran a competition to cook for the vice-chancellor, who was filmed having the three-course meal with the winning students in their digs. Bitterness over rising tuition fees was not on the menu.
"We have developed our accommodation and lots of it is self-catered," says Ruth Hawke, marketing coordinator. "We want to show students how to cook simple but really tasty meals on a budget. It also lets parents know their children are not going to leave home and starve.
"It's to give a really friendly, homely feel and help students to meet people and make friends, and do activities that aren't alcohol-based."
For Catherine Anderson, director of residential and leisure services at Liverpool University, videos are the only way to capture students' attention. "Students don't read anything," she says. "If you put something in writing it's absolutely pointless. I can't tell you how many posters and fancy fliers we've done. But something visual gets watched. It's great."
Students have varied skills on arriving at university, according to Anderson, whose background is in catering. "Some are sophisticated, but plenty struggle to make beans on toast," she says. "I know that because we often have fire alarms going off where people have had culinary disasters."
And Liverpool's many Chinese students are among those floundering in the kitchen. "They say their mothers won't let them in the kitchen because they are such precious only children, they do everything for them," Anderson explains. "They haven't got the first idea, even how to cook rice!"
They might be a match for Horniblow, who remains slightly at a loss with the microwave, according to White. "I still wouldn't describe him as Jamie Oliver, but he is much more proficient," he says. At least he can now muster up more than a ready meal.

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NEW Louis Armstrong AND Paul Whiteman TWO Kings OF Jazz BY Joshua Berrett Hardc 0300103840 | eBay Skip to main content eBay Shop by category Enter your search keyword All Categories Advanced eBay Deals My eBay Expand My eBay My eBay My eBay Summary Bids/Offers Watch List Wish List All Lists Purchase History Selling/sold Followed searches My messages Sell Expand Sell Sell Sell an Item Seller Centre Selling Fees Sell for Charity Community Expand Community Community eBay News Discussion Forum Buying Guides Groups Answer Centre Feedback Forum Customer Support Back to home page
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DescriptionIn Louis Armstrong and Paul Whiteman the jazz scholar Joshua Berrett offers a provocative revision of the history of early jazz by focusing on two of its most table practitioners - Whiteman, legendary in his day, and Armstrong, a legend ever since. Paul Whiteman's fame was unmatched throughout the twenties. Bix Beiderbecke, Bing Crosby, and Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey honed their craft on his bandstand. Celebrated as the King of Jazz in 1930 in a Universal Studios feature film, Whiteman's imperium has declined considerably since. The legend of Louis Armstrong, in contrast, grows ever more lustrous: for decades it has been Armstrong, t Whiteman, who has worn the king's crown. This dual biography explores these diverging legacies in the context of race, commerce, and the history of early jazz. Early jazz, Berrett argues, was t a story of black invators and white usurpers. In this book, a much richer, more complicated story emerges - a story of cross-influences, sidemen, sundry movers and shakers who were all part of a collective experience that transcended the category of race. In the world of early jazz, Berrett contends, kingdoms had borders.Key FeaturesAuthor(s)Joshua BerrettPublisherYale University PressDate of Publication22/10/2004LanguageEnglishFormatHardbackISBN-100300103840ISBN-139780300103847SubjectMusic & DancePublication DataPlace of PublicationNew HavenCountry of PublicationUnited StatesImprintYale University PressContent Note22 illustrationsDimensionsWeight485 gWidth156 mmHeight234 mmSpine21 mmDescriptionAuthor Biography<p>Joshua Berrett is the author of The Louis Armstrong Companion: Eight Decades of Commentary, The Musical World of J.J. Johnson (co-authored with Louis G. Bourgois), as well as commentary for the Verve Deluxe CD reissue, Satchmo: A Musical Autobiography. His articles have been published in Journal of Jazz Studies, The Musical Quarterly, American Music, The Black Perspective in Music, and Musica Oggi, and his research has been cited in The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz and The Oxford Companion to Jazz. He is professor of music at Mercy College, where he has developed an Internet-based Distance Learning course in music.	Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Louis Armstrong and Paul Whiteman: Two Kings of Jazz (English)
In "Louis Armstrong and Paul Whiteman "the" "jazz scholar Joshua Berrett offers a provocative revision of the history of early jazz by focusing on two of its most notable practitioners— Whiteman, legendary in his day, and Armstrong, a legend ever since.Paul Whiteman's fame was unmatched throughout the twenties. Bix Beiderbecke, Bing Crosby, and Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey honed their craft on his bandstand. Celebrated as the " King of Jazz" in 1930 in a Universal Studios feature film, Whiteman's imperium has declined considerably since. The legend of Louis Armstrong, in contrast, grows ever more lustrous: for decades it has been Armstrong, not Whiteman, who has worn the king's crown.This dual biography explores these diverging legacies in the context of race, commerce, and the history of early jazz. Early jazz, Berrett argues, was not a story of black innovators and white usurpers. In this book, a much richer, more complicated story emerges— a story of cross-influences, sidemen, sundry movers and shakers who were all part of a collective experience that transcended the category of race. In the world of early jazz, Berrett contends, kingdoms had no borders.
In Louis Armstrong and Paul Whiteman the jazz scholar Joshua Berrett offers a provocative revision of the history of early jazz by focusing on two of its most notable practitioners - Whiteman, legendary in his day, and Armstrong, a legend ever since. Paul Whiteman's fame was unmatched throughout the twenties. Bix Beiderbecke, Bing Crosby, and Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey honed their craft on his bandstand. Celebrated as the "King of Jazz" in 1930 in a Universal Studios feature film, Whiteman's imperium has declined considerably since. The legend of Louis Armstrong, in contrast, grows ever more lustrous: for decades it has been Armstrong, not Whiteman, who has worn the king's crown. This dual biography explores these diverging legacies in the context of race, commerce, and the history of early jazz. Early jazz, Berrett argues, was not a story of black innovators and white usurpers. In this book, a much richer, more complicated story emerges - a story of cross-influences, sidemen, sundry movers and shakers who were all part of a collective experience that transcended the category of race. In the world of early jazz, Berrett contends, kingdoms had no borders.
Joshua Berrett is the author of "The Louis Armstrong Companion: Eight Decades of Commentary, The Musical World of J.J. Johnson "(co-authored with Louis G. Bourgois), as well as commentary for the Verve Deluxe CD reissue, "Satchmo: A Musical Autobiography. "His" "articles have been published in "Journal of Jazz Studies, ""The Musical Quarterly, ""American Music, ""The Black Perspective in Music, "and "Musica Oggi, "and his research has been cited in "The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz "and" The Oxford Companion to Jazz. "He is professor of music at Mercy College, where he has developed an Interne
"Louis Armstrong and Paul Whiteman sheds invaluable light on the life and work of both Armstrong and Whiteman by the deceptively simple device of discussing the two men together. The result is a major contribution to jazz scholarship - the best thing I've ever read about Whiteman, and one of the best about Armstrong." Terry Teachout, author of The Skeptic: A Life of H. L. Mencken and music critic for Commentary."
ISBN0300103840
LOUIS ARMSTRONG & PAUL WHITEMA
0300103840
Professor of Music, Mercy College
Dimensions163mm x 21mm x 239mm About Us
See More Details about	"Louis Armstrong and Paul Whiteman: Two Kings of Jazz b..."


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Beyond the Spectacle of Terrorism: Global Uncertainty and the Challenge of the New Media / Edition 1 by Henry A. Giroux | 9781594512407 | Paperback | Barnes & Noble
Beyond the Spectacle of Terrorism: Global Uncertainty and the Challenge of the New Media / Edition 1
"Henry Giroux's essay awakens us to the ways new media proliferate and circulate images and ideas of terror that order our lives, pervert our pedagogy, delimit our democracy. Recommended reading for anyone who wants to comprehend our times, our politics, our possibilities." --David Theo Goldberg, University of California, Irvine "Henry Giroux is one of the sharpest…
8.46(w) x 5.40(h) x 0.35(d)
Table of Contents1. Acts of Translation: The Crisis of Democracy in the Age of FearAn Introduction2. Rethinking the Politics of the Spectacle in the Society of the Image

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Yaw stability of single versus tand...
by Roberto Davis
by sornsawan
by Sunam Pal
21. "Esta no es como la barca del s...
Scorecard & Dashboards
Sunam Pal, Working
PSG Institute of Management,Coimbatore E-procurement System at Honeywell & Vedanta CIBC’s framework for MRM can be benchmarked in terms of Policies Methodologies and Infrastructure Risk wears many disguises. One can ensure maximum transparency of risk through implementing an independent first class proactive market risk management program. Click 05/03/12 Statistics 30 And finally, this chart shows a process with two points actually outside the control limits, an easy indicator to detect but not the only one. These rules, there are a few more, are commonly referred to as the Western Electric Rules and can be found in any advanced quality reference. 05/03/12 Statistics Example4.3 05/03/12 Statistics 20 And at +/- 3 sigma, the most common choice of confidence/control limits in quality control application, the area is 99.97%. 05/03/12 Statistics 2 The first set of slides presents the various aspects of common and assignable causes. This slide and the two following show a normal process distribution and how it allows for expected variability which is termed common causes. 05/03/12 Statistics 7 The new distribution will look as shown in this slide. 05/03/12 Statistics 9 The new distribution has a much greater spread (higher standard deviation). 05/03/12 Statistics 11 A skewed (non-normal) distribution will result in a different pattern of variability. Risk management
RISK MANAGEMENTTopic: Managing Quality Risk through control chart Presented By: Ritesh Agarwal Sunam Pal 1 2.
Is Risk a symbol of danger or symbol of opportunityAnswer: Both 3.
Risk ManagementRiskUncertainty of outcomeTerminologies•Pure Risk- Always leads to loss•Speculative Risk- May Result in loss or Gain•Static Risk- Results in loss•Dynamic Risk- May Result in loss or Gain•Acceptable Risk•Non Acceptable Risk 4.
Control Charts for Variables 5.
Types of Risks• Material Risk- Building,Plant & Machinery, Furniture,Fixtures,fittings,Stocks.• Consequential Risk- Loss of production,Loss of profit,Loss of market,Good will.• Social Risk• Legal Risk- Product liability,Public liability.• Political Risk- Subsidies,Sanctions etc. 6.
Best Practice Risk Management• Framework for Risk Management can be benchmarked in terms of: METHO DO LOGIE »Policies S S »Methodologies POLICIE »Resources RESOURCES 6 7.
Risk Evaluation• Arrange them in order of priority• Provide information for deciding the most appropriate way of handling. Ranking risks according to : 2. Frequency of loss 3. Potential severity of loss. 8.
Risk Analysis Risk and Human behavior looks into psychology of risk. How others look at the risk? How they behave in the face of risk? How they behave in groups? Perception of Risk. 9.
Risk analysis is to be carried out with properperception of risk of risk and cost involved inAnalysis.Not to stick to one methodUnderstand company and industryShould be financially reasonableAccurate record keepingAmount of imagination of required 10.
Risk Reduction / Loss Prevention1. Reduce probability of loss and its severity.2. Most important for PM process.3. Risk Reduction / Prevention can be from –• Loss prevention• Ensuring Safety• Fire protection / Detection• Environmental protection 11.
Variation• It is the measure of deviation from mean/average value• Variation may be quite large or very small.• If variation is very small, it may appear that items are identical, but precision instruments will show differences. 12.
Categories of variation• Within-piece variation • One portion of surface is rougher than another portion.• A piece-to-piece variation • Variation among pieces produced at the same time.• Time-to-time variation • Service given early would be different from that given later in the day. 13.
Source of variation• Equipment • Tool wear, machine vibration, …• Material • Raw material quality• Environment • Temperature, pressure, humadity• Operator • Operator performs- physical & emotional 14.
Control Chart Viewpoint Variation due to  Common or chance causes  Assignable causes Control chart may be used to discover “assignable causes” 15.
 Run chart - without any upper/lower limits Specification/tolerance limits Control limits - statistical 16.
Control chart functions• Control charts are powerful aids to understanding the performance of a process over time. Noise Input Output PROCESS What’s causing variability? 17.
Control charts identifyvariation• Chance causes - “common cause” • inherent to the process or random and not controllable • if only common cause present, the process is considered stable or “in control”• Assignable causes - “special cause” • variation due to outside influences • if present, the process is “out of control” 18.
Types of Data• Continuous data • Product characteristic that can be measured • Length, size, weight, height, time, velocity• Discrete data Product characteristic evaluated with a discrete choice • Good/bad, yes/no 19.
Control chart for variables• Variables are the measurable characteristics of a product or service.• Measurement data is taken and arrayed on charts. 20.
Control charts for variables• X-bar chart • In this chart the sample means are plotted in order to control the mean value of a variable (e.g., size of piston rings, strength of materials, etc.).• R chart • In this chart, the sample ranges are plotted in order to control the variability of a variable.• S chart • In this chart, the sample standard deviations are plotted in order to control the variability of a variable.• S2 chart • In this chart, the sample variances are plotted in order to control the variability of a variable. 21.
Control chart components• Centerline • shows where the process average is centered or the central tendency of the data• Upper control limit (UCL) and Lower control limit (LCL) • describes the process spread 22.
The Control Chart MethodX bar Control Chart:UCL = XDmean + A2 x RmeanLCL = XDmean - A2 x RmeanCL = XDmean R Control Chart: UCL = D4 x Rmean LCL = D3 x Rmean CL = Rmean Capability Study: PCR = (USL - LSL)/(6s); where s = Rmean /d2 23.
Control Chart Examples UCL Variations Nominal LCL Sample number 24.
Determine trial centerline• The centerline should be the population mean, µ• Since it is unknown, we use X Double bar, or the grand average of the subgroup averages. m ∑X i X = i=1 m 25.
UCL & LCL calculation UCL = X + 3σLCL = X − 3σσ = standard deviation 26.
Determining an alternative value forthe standard deviation m ∑R i R = i= 1 m UCL = + 2 R X A LCL = − 2 R X A 27.
Example: Control Charts for Variable Data Slip Ring Diameter (cm)Sample 1 2 3 4 5 X R 1 5.02 5.01 4.94 4.99 4.96 4.98 0.08 2 5.01 5.03 5.07 4.95 4.96 5.00 0.12 3 4.99 5.00 4.93 4.92 4.99 4.97 0.08 4 5.03 4.91 5.01 4.98 4.89 4.96 0.14 5 4.95 4.92 5.03 5.05 5.01 4.99 0.13 6 4.97 5.06 5.06 4.96 5.03 5.01 0.10 7 5.05 5.01 5.10 4.96 4.99 5.02 0.14 8 5.09 5.10 5.00 4.99 5.08 5.05 0.11 9 5.14 5.10 4.99 5.08 5.09 5.08 0.15 10 5.01 4.98 5.08 5.07 4.99 5.03 0.10 50.09 1.15 28.
Calculation From Table above: • Sigma X-bar = 50.09 • Sigma R = 1.15 • m = 10 Thus; • X-Double bar = 50.09/10 = 5.009 cm • R-bar = 1.15/10 = 0.115 cmNote: The control limits are only preliminary with 10 samples.It is desirable to have at least 25 samples. 29.
3-Sigma Control Chart FactorsSample size X-chart R-chart n A2 D3 D4 2 1.88 0 3.27 3 1.02 0 2.57 4 0.73 0 2.28 5 0.58 0 2.11 6 0.48 0 2.00 7 0.42 0.08 1.92 8 0.37 0.14 1.86 30.
Trial control limitX-bar chart•UCLx-bar = X-D bar + A2 R-bar = 5.009 + (0.577)(0.115) = 5.075 cm•LCLx-bar = X-D bar - A2 R-bar = 5.009 - (0.577)(0.115) = 4.943 cmR-chart•UCLR = D4R-bar = (2.114)(0.115) = 0.243 cm•LCLR = D3R-bar = (0)(0.115) = 0 cm 31.
X-bar Chart 5.10 UCL 5.08 5.06 5.04 X bar 5.02 5.00 CL 4.98 4.96 LCL 4.94 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Subgroup 32.
R Chart 0.25 UCL 0.20 0.15Range CL 0.10 0.05 LCL 0.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Subgroup 33.
6.70 6.65 Run Chart 6.60 Mean, X-bar 6.55 6.50 6.45 6.40 6.35 6.30 0 5 10 15 20 25 Subgroup number 0.35 0.3 0.25Range, R 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Subgroup number 34.
X-bar Chart 35.
R Chart 36.
Trial Control Limits & Revised Control Limit 6.65 6.60 Revised control limits 6.55 Mean, X-bar 6.50 UCL = 6.46 6.45 6.40 CL = 6.40 6.35 6.30 LCL = 6.34 0 2 4 6 8 Subgroup 0.20 UCL = 0.18 0.15 Range, R 0.10 CL = 0.08 0.05 0.00 0 2 4 6 8 LCL = 0 Subgroup 37.
Revise the chartsIn certain cases, control limits are revisedbecause: 1. out-of-control points were included in the calculation of the control limits. 2. the process is in-control but the within subgroup variation significantly improves. 38.
The Normal Distribution σ = Standard deviation Mean -3σ -2σ -1σ +1σ +2σ +3σ 68.26% 95.44%LSL USL 99.74% -3σ +3σ CL 39.
• 34.13% of data lie between µ and 1σ above the mean (µ).• 34.13% between µ and 1σ below the mean.• Approximately two-thirds (68.28 %) within 1σ of the mean.• 13.59% of the data lie between one and two standard deviations• Finally, almost all of the data (99.74%) are within 3σ of the mean. 40.
Normal Distribution Review Define the 3-sigma limits for sample means as follows: 3σ 3(0.05) Upper Limit = µ + = 5.01 + = 5.077 n 5 3σ 3(0.05) Lower Limit = µ − = 5.01 − = 4.943 n 5 What is the probability that the sample means will lie outside 3-sigma limits? Note that the 3-sigma limits for sample means are different from natural tolerances which are at µ ± 3σ 41.
Common Causes 42.
Process Out of Control• The term out of control is a change in the process due to an assignable cause.• When a point (subgroup value) falls outside its control limits, the process is out of control. 43.
Assignable Causes Average (a) Mean Grams 44.
Assignable Causes Average (b) Spread Grams 45.
Assignable Causes Average (c) Shape Grams 46.
Improvement 47.
Chart zones• Based on our knowledge of the normal curve, a control chart exhibits a state of control when: ♥ Two thirds of all points are near the center value. ♥ The points appear to float back and forth across the centerline. ♥ The points are balanced on both sides of the centerline. ♥ No points beyond the control limits. ♥ No patterns or trends. 48.
σ What Is Six Sigma?Sigma is a letter • Degree of variation; in the Greek • Level of performance in terms of defects; Alphabet • Statistical measurement of process capability; • Benchmark for comparison; • Process improvement methodology; • It is a Goal; • Strategy for change; • A commitment to customers to achieve an acceptable level of performance 48 49.
Six Sigma Definitions• Business Definition  A break through strategy to significantly improve customer satisfaction and shareholder value by reducing variability in every aspect of business.• Technical Definition  A statistical term signifying 3.4 defects per million opportunities. 49 50.
Sigma Defects Per Million Rate ofLevel Opportunities Improveme nt 1σ 690,000 2σ 308,000 2 times 3σ 66,800 5 times 4σ 6,210 11 times 5σ 230 27 times 6σ 3.4 68 times 50 51.
Six Sigma Project MethodologyProject Phases Define Measure Analyze Improve Control Identify,  Collect data  Analyze  Improvemen  Establish evaluate on size of data, t strategy standards to and select the selected establish  Develop maintain projects for problem, and confirm ideas to process; improvemen  identify key the “ vital remove root  Design the t customer few “ causes controls, Set goals requirement determinant  Design and implement Form teams. s, s of the carry out and  Determine performance experiments monitor. key product . ,  Evaluate and process  Validate  Optimize financial characteristi hypothesis the process. impact of c.  Final the project solutions 51 52.
Learning Outcome3.Risk can fixed only when it is scalable4.More than one form of risk can be present in aproject5.100% assurance on risk control can be guranteed6.Reduction in Risk automatically enhances thequality of product 53.
PSGIM, Coimbatore E-procurement system of Honeywell & Vedanta BENCHMARK – 2 0 1 1 Questions Please ???? 53 Fri 25 Feb Recommended
2. "Arribando a la abstracción 2".Construcciones y fusiones fotográficas

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text: Patent US6069917 - Blind training of a decision feedback equalizer - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA decision feedback equalizer (DFE) comprises a feed-forward filter and a feedback filter. Blind training of the DFE is performed using a statistical-based tap updating algorithm for the feed-forward filter, and a symbol-based type of tap updating algorithm for the feedback filter....http://www.google.com/patents/US6069917?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6069917 - Blind training of a decision feedback equalizerAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6069917 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/862,909Publication dateMay 30, 2000Filing dateMay 23, 1997Priority dateMay 23, 1997Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2233522A1, CA2233522C, DE69831528D1, DE69831528T2, EP0880253A2, EP0880253A3, EP0880253B1Publication number08862909, 862909, US 6069917 A, US 6069917A, US-A-6069917, US6069917 A, US6069917AInventorsJean-Jacques Werner, Jian YangOriginal AssigneeLucent Technologies Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (59), Classifications (11), Legal Events (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetBlind training of a decision feedback equalizer

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Patent US20100063971 - Universal annotation configuration and deployment - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsSystems and articles of manufacture for managing annotations made for a variety of different type data objects manipulated (e.g., created, edited, and viewed) by a variety of different type applications are provided. Some embodiments allow users collaborating on a project to create, view, and edit annotations...http://www.google.com/patents/US20100063971?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20100063971 - Universal annotation configuration and deploymentAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS20100063971 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 12/619,265Publication dateMar 11, 2010Filing dateNov 16, 2009Priority dateJun 20, 2003Also published asUS7620648, US7941444, US20040260702, WO2004114150A1Publication number12619265, 619265, US 2010/0063971 A1, US 2010/063971 A1, US 20100063971 A1, US 20100063971A1, US 2010063971 A1, US 2010063971A1, US-A1-20100063971, US-A1-2010063971, US2010/0063971A1, US2010/063971A1, US20100063971 A1, US20100063971A1, US2010063971 A1, US2010063971A1InventorsBrian J. Cragun, David L. Darrington, Lonnie A. McCulloughOriginal AssigneeInternational Business Machines CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (26), Referenced by (12), Classifications (13), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetUniversal annotation configuration and deployment
[0045] The memory 112 is preferably a random access memory (RAM) sufficiently large to hold the necessary programming and data structures of the invention. While the memory 112 is shown as a single entity, it should be understood that the memory 112 may in fact comprise a plurality of modules, and that the memory 112 may exist at multiple levels, from high speed registers and caches to lower speed but larger DRAM chips. Illustratively, the memory 112 contains an operating system 124. Examples of suitable operating systems, which may be used to advantage, include Linux and Microsoft's Windows®, as well as any operating systems designed for handheld devices, such as Palm OS®, Windows® CE, and the like. More generally, any operating system supporting the functions disclosed herein may be used.
[0046] The memory 112 is also shown containing at least one application 120 (optionally shown with an associated annotation plug-in 122 and an annotation broker 128). The application 120 may be any of a variety of applications used to manipulate (e.g., create, view, and/or edit) data that may be annotated. For example, the application 120 may be a text editor/word processor used to manipulate annotatable documents, a database application or spreadsheet used to manipulate data, a document generator/viewer (such as Adobe's Acrobat® and Acrobat Reader) used to manipulate documents, or data analysis software, such as Decision Site available from Spotfire, Inc., imaging software used to manipulate images, and any other types of applications used to manipulate various types and forms of data.
[0049] Components of the server computer 104 may be physically arranged in a manner similar to those of the client computer 102. For example, the server computer 104 is shown generally comprising a CPU 135 and a memory 132, and a storage device 154, coupled to one another by a bus 136, which may all functions as similar components described with reference to the client computer 102. The server computer 104 is generally under the control of an operating system 138 (e.g., IBM OS/400®, UNIX, Microsoft Windows®, and the like) shown residing in memory 132.
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Inc.Search systems and methods with integration of user annotationsUS20120110547 *Oct 29, 2010May 3, 2012Sap AgSystem and method for a generic object access layerUS20160216946 *Dec 17, 2014Jul 28, 2016International Business Machines CorporationAccess operation with dynamic linking and access of data within plural data sources* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification707/741, 707/805, 707/E17.005, 707/783, 707/E17.002International ClassificationG06F17/00, G06F17/30Cooperative ClassificationY10S707/99939, Y10S707/99943, G06F17/30873, G06F17/30997European ClassificationG06F17/30Z6, G06F17/30W3Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 19, 2014REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedMay 10, 2015LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJun 30, 2015FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20150510RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Modernizing the Public Sector: Scandinavian Perspectives (Routledge Critical Studies in Public Management) by Routledge: Routledge 9781138675940 Hardcover, 1. - Books Express
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1. Modernizing the Public Sector: Scandinavian Perspectives (Routledge Critical Studies in Public Management)
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Amazon.co.uk:Customer reviews: Cereus Blooms at Night
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Customer reviews4.7 out of 5 stars74.7 out of 5 stars5 star64 star03 star12 star01 star0Cereus Blooms at NightbyShani MootooFormat: Paperback|ChangeWrite a reviewSee All Buying OptionsAdd to Wish List
5.0 out of 5 starsAn effortless, magic and stunning readByMs. A. Chopraon 27 January 2005Wow...what can I say about this book? It's something that is no doubt different, beautiful and wonderfully written. It is one of those Caribbean literature books that connects everything so effortlessly that it is quite easy to become so indulgent to its content. Although some scenes within the book are undoubtedly shocking, there are also the scenes that portray a new dimension of nature, making this an almost realist text.The book tells the story of an elderly lady, Mala, who has becomes traumatised by her life, to a point of muteness. The story then unfolds into the telling of this history, leaving nothing out, including the beautiful Cereus plant. As the story unravels, the author is moved by the tragedy Mala has experienced, her lost romance and beauty, and finally, the loss of her childhood, signified by her name Poh-Poh. The only fault, to me, of the book is that sometimes it becomes hard to distinguish between Poh-Poh and Mala, but that becomes the essential point of the story: it makes you think of childhood as a ghost of the past that Mala has not forgotten.With some of the most beautiful imagery, and a fantastically woven narrative, Mootoo no doubt possesses skill that is superior to many writers of Caribbean literature. To me, she is a totally understated writer of our time.
3.0 out of 5 starsBeautiful DescriptionByA customeron 12 March 2004Admittedly, the first thing that attracted me to this book was the cover - not the best reason perhaps to choose a book, but it's a very eyecatching design! The plot itself was very unusual. Told in flashback mode, it narrates the story of Mala Ramchandin and how she came to be in the nursing home. In the present, her nurse, a gay man named Tyler, narrates her story. While it's an interesting idea, the narrative structure can grate on the reader a little. I felt that the way in which the author seemed to almost vary her writing style from part to part was a weakness of the novel, in that it seemed to leave the reader with un-answered questions in parts (although perhaps this adds to the mystery of the novel!).However, Shani Mootoo's description is excellent. The way in which the Carribean landscape is described is vivid and stimulates the senses, particularly with the descriptions of nature, and of course the Cereus plant that gives the novel its title. In some parts too the description is rather revolting - such as that of Mala's house. The author also has the gift of making certain parts extremely emotive.While the author's characterisation was good in some parts, it was lacking in others - particuarly the character of Tyler. As the narrator, he tries to be objective, but notes that he will occassionally allow bits of himself to slip into the novel. This is all very well for the narrator but it can leave the reader feeling slightly alienated from Tyler.Overall, "Cereus Blooms At Midnight" is slightly different from the normal fare, and despite its weaknesses, leaves the reader with a slight feeling of unreality and magic.
All reviewersVerified purchase onlyAll reviewersAll stars5 star only4 star only3 star only2 star only1 star onlyAll positiveAll criticalAll starsAll formatsFormat: PaperbackAll formatsSearchThere was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later.3.0 out of 5 starsBeautiful DescriptionByA customeron 12 March 2004Format: PaperbackAdmittedly, the first thing that attracted me to this book was the cover - not the best reason perhaps to choose a book, but it's a very eyecatching design! The plot itself was very unusual. Told in flashback mode, it narrates the story of Mala Ramchandin and how she came to be in the nursing home. In the present, her nurse, a gay man named Tyler, narrates her story. While it's an interesting idea, the narrative structure can grate on the reader a little. I felt that the way in which the author seemed to almost vary her writing style from part to part was a weakness of the novel, in that it seemed to leave the reader with un-answered questions in parts (although perhaps this adds to the mystery of the novel!).However, Shani Mootoo's description is excellent. The way in which the Carribean landscape is described is vivid and stimulates the senses, particularly with the descriptions of nature, and of course the Cereus plant that gives the novel its title. In some parts too the description is rather revolting - such as that of Mala's house. The author also has the gift of making certain parts extremely emotive.While the author's characterisation was good in some parts, it was lacking in others - particuarly the character of Tyler. As the narrator, he tries to be objective, but notes that he will occassionally allow bits of himself to slip into the novel. This is all very well for the narrator but it can leave the reader feeling slightly alienated from Tyler.Overall, "Cereus Blooms At Midnight" is slightly different from the normal fare, and despite its weaknesses, leaves the reader with a slight feeling of unreality and magic.0Comment|
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsAn effortless, magic and stunning readByMs. A. Chopraon 27 January 2005Format: PaperbackWow...what can I say about this book? It's something that is no doubt different, beautiful and wonderfully written. It is one of those Caribbean literature books that connects everything so effortlessly that it is quite easy to become so indulgent to its content. Although some scenes within the book are undoubtedly shocking, there are also the scenes that portray a new dimension of nature, making this an almost realist text.The book tells the story of an elderly lady, Mala, who has becomes traumatised by her life, to a point of muteness. The story then unfolds into the telling of this history, leaving nothing out, including the beautiful Cereus plant. As the story unravels, the author is moved by the tragedy Mala has experienced, her lost romance and beauty, and finally, the loss of her childhood, signified by her name Poh-Poh. The only fault, to me, of the book is that sometimes it becomes hard to distinguish between Poh-Poh and Mala, but that becomes the essential point of the story: it makes you think of childhood as a ghost of the past that Mala has not forgotten.With some of the most beautiful imagery, and a fantastically woven narrative, Mootoo no doubt possesses skill that is superior to many writers of Caribbean literature. To me, she is a totally understated writer of our time.0Comment|
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsCereus Blooms at NightByA customeron 22 September 2002Format: PaperbackThis was a wonderful, unusual book which transported you to another time and place. It was descriptive enough to build a vivid picture of Paradise - the Caribbean town where the story is set - without going on too much and had wonderful characters that you really cared about. The tragic story of Mala's life is heart breaking, but she still rises as a strong and noble character despite everything.I couldn't recommend this book more highly!0Comment|
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsRead This Book!!!ByA customeron 27 August 1999Format: PaperbackOne of the best books I've read in recent years. While absolutely captivating the reader with the underlying story and fantastic use of language, Mootoo explores the causes, symptoms and effects of both child abuse (really - the book isn't as heavy as it sounds!!!), social alienation and unrequited love.Add it to your basket now - it's fantastic.0Comment|
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsBeautiful, fantastic, magical, wonderfulByA customeron 21 May 2000Format: PaperbackDon't want to say too much that will give away the story, but the wonderful narrative woven from the perspective of Mala's gay male nurse, (a gentle merry soul who himself feels to be on the edge of society), as he unravels the story himself through his relationship with her, was incredibly beautiful. Vivid with a lightness of touch and yet rich in imagery.The book was moving, charming and highly imaginative. I Loved it!...and I wait to see what Shani Mootoo comes up with next.0Comment|Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuseCommentInsert product linkPaste the product's web address below:Product not found. Only products offered on Amazon can be linked.SelectWhat's this?What are product links?In the text of your review, you can link directly to any product offered on Amazon.com. To insert a product link, follow these steps:1. Find the product you want to reference on Amazon.com2. Copy the web address of the product3. Click Insert product link4. Paste the web address in the box5. Click Select6. Selecting the item displayed will insert text that looks like this: [[ASIN:014312854XHamlet (The Pelican Shakespeare)]]
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsWarmByLafioneon 3 August 2007Format: PaperbackI read this book a few months ago... and it still has that effect on me thinking back about it...The descriptions of flowers, foods, smells.. that was magicalThe storyline magnificently written..I absolutely loved it.. although i kind of went into caracter and ended up singing and talking to myself and thought i too was going crazy...I loved it!!!0Comment|Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuseCommentInsert product linkPaste the product's web address below:Product not found. Only products offered on Amazon can be linked.SelectWhat's this?What are product links?In the text of your review, you can link directly to any product offered on Amazon.com. To insert a product link, follow these steps:1. Find the product you want to reference on Amazon.com2. Copy the web address of the product3. Click Insert product link4. Paste the web address in the box5. Click Select6. Selecting the item displayed will insert text that looks like this: [[ASIN:014312854XHamlet (The Pelican Shakespeare)]]
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsgood serviceByphoebeon 9 October 2012Format: Hardcover|Verified PurchaseThis book arrived promptly, and is a high quality copy. A great second hand copy, happy to support this company. Thanks for good service.0Comment|Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuseCommentInsert product linkPaste the product's web address below:Product not found. Only products offered on Amazon can be linked.SelectWhat's this?What are product links?In the text of your review, you can link directly to any product offered on Amazon.com. To insert a product link, follow these steps:1. Find the product you want to reference on Amazon.com2. Copy the web address of the product3. Click Insert product link4. Paste the web address in the box5. Click Select6. Selecting the item displayed will insert text that looks like this: [[ASIN:014312854XHamlet (The Pelican Shakespeare)]]
Customers also viewed these itemsThe French Lieutenant's Woman (Vintage Classics)byJohn Fowles£9.984.2 out of 5 stars65Midnight's Children (Vintage Classics)bySalman Rushdie£6.993.7 out of 5 stars201[(Cereus Blooms at Night)] [Author: Shani Mootoo] published on (September, 1999)byShani MootooErasurebyPercival Everett£11.544.0 out of 5 stars6Woman on the Edge of TimebyMarge Piercy£8.994.4 out of 5 stars43Need customer service? Click here‹ See all details for Cereus Blooms at Night

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Friends of Alice Wheeldon by Sheila Rowbotham, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® Books by Author Books by Series Collectible Editions Coming Soon by Date Coming Soon by Subject New Releases NY Times Bestsellers Signed Books Top Books of the Month
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An account of the trial of socialist, suffragette and anti-war campaigner Alice Wheeldon for the assassination of Lloyd George.


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I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/856722449 Title: Caring and well-being : a lifeworld approach Author: Kathleen M Galvin; Les Todres Publisher: Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2013. ISBN/ISSN: 9780415504607 0415504600 9780203082898 0203082893 OCLC:856722449
Kathleen M Galvin; Les Todres
Folkhälsa -- sociala aspekter.
Find more information about: Kathleen M Galvin Les Todres
856722449
'I congratulate Galvin and Todres for placing well-being and the person, with all of his or her complexities, at the center of our discipline. Caring and Well-being: A Lifeworld Approach is a milestone that will significantly shake nursing, moving our profession firmly into the domain of humanized health care. It is a must-read for every nurse academic, student and clinician.' - Janice M. Morse, Professor and Barnes Presidential Endowed Chair at the University of Utah College of Nursing, USA; Professor Emeritus, University of Alberta, Canada; and Honorary Professor, Bournemouth University, UK. 'This book is philosophically grounded, clinically relevant, informed by the best of qualitative research, and written with a genuine concern for the well-being of patients as well as the professionals who provide care for them. Galvin and Todres demonstrate how a solid understanding of patients as persons is both humane and eminently practical. Caring and Well-being is far more than a critique of how the relational and social aspects of care are overshadowed by the technical. It is a powerful guide for how we can move forward and create a healthier approach to treatment. The authors are practitioners and researchers who care deeply, have studied these issues thoroughly, and who in clear and eloquent prose remind us of what is at the heart of working in a caring and thoughtful way with patients.' - Steen Halling, Professor of Psychology, Seattle University, USA. 'Galvin and Todres offer a bold and passionately humane approach to healthcare. Their call to counterbalance the efficiency-driven, technology-based culture of healthcare with an emphasis on the experience of illness and suffering is timely and well-placed. Their approach is philosophically sophisticated, rooted in real-life healthcare practice, and genuinely innovative. In particular, their emphasis on seeing health as part of wellbeing and illness as part of the broader notion of suffering, demonstrates the philosophical innovation of their work. Their proposal to develop a "lifeworld-led healthcare" (contrasted with "patient-led care") and to understand illness in terms of existential homelessness turns attention to the pressing need to offer healthcare that is not just patient-centred, but one that is also engaged with the existential dimensions of illness and is authentically compassionate.' - Havi Carel, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, University of the West of England, UK. 'This book is a significant and scholarly contribution to the health sciences, founded on a theoretical treatise developed over several years by Galvin and Todres. The text presents a conceptual framework that articulates alternative ways to approach health-related caring and well-being in order to create a basis for more humanised forms of health-care delivery. The work derides the reductionist view of the body as dehumanising and instead offers an alternative view via a value-base that "does justice" to the breadth and depth of being human. The work draws extensively on epistemological and ontological tenets that are central to phenomenological and existential philosophy, as well as offering significant contributions from qualitative health and social science research, including that of the authors. In doing so, Galvin and Todres provide an eloquent model of life-world led care, one that involves conceptualising eight humanising dimensions that are meaningfully contrasted against those considered dehumanising. It is a lively and thought provoking exploration of what constitutes our notion of well-being and offers a critical analysis of our capacity to care. This book is designed to promote sensitivity to the human complexities of care among health professionals by providing a "helpful coherent value base for guiding practice". It does this in light of the more personalised dimensions of care that appear to be becoming less obvious in favour of economic imperatives. With this in mind, the book is acutely timely. It presents a world view that those of us who are phenomenological converts have known for a long time as one that is particularly relevant to caring practices. There is no doubt this book has readability and resonance. Based on some highly theoretical concepts Galvin and Todres make compelling arguments for an approach to care that is easily accessible and applicable.' - Professor Sally Borbasi, Associate Dean Learning and Teaching, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia. 'In Caring and Well-being Kathleen Galvin and Les Todres present a creative, complex, and coherent investigation of philosophical and practice-based perspectives on caring for others in humane, holistic, and hopeful ways. With an emphasis on innovation, contemplation, and imagination, Galvin and Todres elucidate how experience, embodiment, empathy, emotions, and ethics are all inextricably connected to promoting caring and well-being in ways that honour the lived and living experiences of human beings who cannot be reduced to charts and statistics. In the spirit of contemporary hermeneutic inquiry, this book is nuanced and evocative, insightful and inspiring, philosophical and poetic. By carefully investigating the intersections between ethics and aesthetics, policy and practice, knowledge and discourse, empathy and action, Galvin and Todres have composed a remarkable book that exemplifies their commitment to nurturing integrated lifeworld approaches to well-being in the caring professions and disciplines.' - Carl Leggo, poet and professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Read more...
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Caring and well-being : a lifeworld approach/Kathleen M Galvin; Les Todres; Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2013.

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Value creation through optimising risk by David Berkelmans 756 views
Presentation on major aspects of defining a company\'s risk appetite/tolerance
1. ESTABLISHING RISK BOUNDARIES Michel Rochette, MBA, FSA Caribbean Actuarial Association Annual Meeting Trinidad & Tobago December 4th 2008
2. TOPICS  Context from 2006 to 2008  Risk appetite and ERM  Definition and its evolution  Value of articulating risk appetite  Stakeholders’ influence on risk appetite statement  Components of risk appetite and responsibilities  Ex. of a risk appetite statement: ING  Summary of methods to determine risk appetite  Success factors
3. Risk Appetite: 2006 UK FSA  Most firms have documented their approach for risk management through risk policies/procedures/risk appetite.  However, « risk appetite » is not well understood throughout many firms to a level of clarity that provides a reference point for all material decision making.  A big step exists between defining and applying risk appetite.  UK FSA Insurance Sector Briefing, Risk Management in Insurance, 2006
4. Risk Appetite: 2008 UK FSA  For insurers demonstrating a strong integration of risk and capital management:  Clearly articulated and quantified risk appetite, tolerances, and trigger points for each risk.  Processes are set to assess on a continuous basis the level of risk appetite.  Coherent and well articulated processes to actively manage risk exposures that exceed risk appetite: risk monitoring.  UK FSA Insurance Sector Briefing, 2008
5. Risk Appetite and ERM Risk Appetite ERM Strategy Framework
6. Strategy  Objectives: markets, products and services, distribution channels, stakeholders  Financial goals:  Capital goals in relation to solvency issues.  ROA and ROE without considering risk taking.  RAROC if integrating risk taking into the strategic framework.  Value creation goals if objective is to maximize shareholder’s: Embedded Value.  Non Financial goals: customer satisfication, corporate social responsibility objectives.
7. ERM Framework  Enterprise risk Policy:  All existing key risks: financial/operational/business/strategic  Emerging risks: « known and unknown risks »  Champion of Risk: CRO who can initiate a discussion of risk appetite at the Board/top management level, supported by a centralized risk unit.  Risk technology: control of risk taking through risk limits, risk reporting through a dashboard.  Businesses: risk management at the unit level.  Audit/Compliance: independent oversight of the risk framework.
8. Risk Appetite: Evolution  Turnbull Report: Risk appetite reflected indirectly by « those risks which are acceptable » UK 1999.  COSO I: Focused on internal controls only. 1992  COSO II ERM: Give management reasonable assurance that strategic objectives will be met within risk appetite. 2004  CAS ERM Definition: Process to manage risks to create value. Risk appetite not explicit but indirect.  Solvency II: Risk tolerance limits and business strategy must be defined.  UK FSA Prudential Regulations: Risk appetite defined.  ISO 31000: Risk appetite is defined indirectly in relation to value creation and risk acceptability.
9. Risk Appetite: Definitions  COSO II ERM: Amount of risk that an entity is willing to accept in pursuit of value.  Would add: « in line with the firm’s strategic objectives taking into the capability of its ERM framework.  Similar to a mission statement but focused on risk:  Impact that risk can have on the capacity of the firm to attain its strategic objectives.  Defines boundaries of what is « too much » or « too little » and what is « acceptable » or « non accpetable » in relation to the firm’s strategic objectives.
10. Risk Appetite: Another View Risk Universe Strategy ERM Framework Retained Risk
11. Value of Articulating Risk Appetite  Allow a FI to:  Clarify desired risks: retained and non retained .  Set the tone from the Top. Preferable to a bottom-up approach which tends to overemphasize exisiting risks.  Estimate/Assess their impact, both financial and non financial – ex. social responsibility –  Evaluation of risks, not a valuation of risks!  Establish clearly the risk preferences of the company: Are we risk averse, risk takers in light of potential returns?
12. Value of Articulating Risk Appetite  Set a consistent communication - transparency - from management to :  Business units/product lines  External parties:  Shareholders: can diversify away if they don’t like it!  Regulators: Part of Pillar II and III of SolvencyII/Basel II.  Other stakeholders: Employees may not want to be part of your organization. Ex. Army! Customers as well.  Recent example: AIG only mentions the word risk appetite without ever elaborating about it in their official published documents.
13. Value of Articulating Risk Appetite  Top –down approch is preferable because:  Stakeholders’ requirements are discussed explicitely among board members. Allows a more balanced view of risks instead of just focusing on one  group: credit agencies, financial analysts, employees, shareholders, regulators, customers, society at large!  More forward looking: Introduces forward thinking in terms of desired risk profile, not just  existing risk profile!  Can link risk appetite with strategic goals and required capital to support growth and risks.  Board members/management are on the same page on risk appetite.  Management can then react/take action if the risk profile exceeds/is below its desired/target risk appetite.
14. Stakeholders’ Influence: Board  Risk preferences of individual board members/management: Risk averse vs risk takers.  Risk Averse Type Board: Focuses on « value preservation ».  Reduces earnings volatility.  Low impact of extreme events!  « Keep us out of trouble » We don’t want surprises!  Concerns about legal fines, external scrutinity if they take too much  risk. Wants to keep their desired ratings.  Usually found in mutuals.  Wants to preserve capital. Less concerned about capital efficiency.  Incurring losses is perceived to be negative. Don’t consider the gains  realized before losses occured.
15. Stakeholders’ Influence: Board  Risk Taker Type Board:  Focused on « Value Enhancement ».  Considers risk vs opportunity relationship.  Focuses on higher returns and risks.  Anticipates « newer » risks, capitalizes on them, optimizes the risk/return relationship. Concept of efficient frontier!  Optimizes use of capital. Capital management and risk management are done proactively.  Usually found in public companies.  When risks materialize, board shouldn’t panic if within target risk appetite! Risk and losses are not viewed as negative!
16. Stakeholders’ Influence: Regulators  Risk preferences of the local/global regulators:  Asian: stricter, more rules based.  European: more principle based.  US: more rules based…Stricter on Admitted assets, …  Single regulator - OSFI/UK FSA – vs a diversified group of regulators – US SEC, NAIC, OCC, OTS, FED, FDIC –  My prediction: US will tend towards a « single regulator model » common view, not one organization!  Internationally: Moving towards « college »
17. Stakeholders’ Influence: Rating Ag.  Risk preferences of rating agencies:  Impact on agencies’ rating: Financial Strength or Claims Paying ability.  If risk appetite is expressed solely as « desired AA rating »,  constraints immediately risk appetite to a certain overal probability of default/ruin.  SP’s ERM evaluation method: Risk Appetite is part of their Governance evaluation:  « Clearly articulated risk tolerance is a key factor. » 
18. Stakeholders’ Influence: Others  Risk preferences of :  Employees/customers/clients/policyholders: Risk of loosing key employees if taking too much risk!  Will customers buy our products if the firm may not longer be  there to service them in the future? Ex. GM/Ford… In a pension plan, ratio of projected active/retired employees  would certainly affect your desired risk appetite.  Shareh0lders: If long-term/passive investors, may be willing to tolerate more  risks.  Political groups/media/advocacy groups.
19. « Risk Appetite »: Components  Risk Capacity:  Maximum amount of risk that an enterprise is able to accept in line with its mission/values/strategic goals.  Risk appetite per se:  Overall statement about the amount and type of risk that an enterprise is willing to accept in line with its strategic goals.  Risk Target: Optimal level of risk desired.  Risk Tolerance: Max/Min amount of risk for each class/subclass of risk.  Risk Limits/Budgets: Thresholds not to exceed/min to accept.  Not all firms have all these components!
20. Components: Risk Capacity  Influenced by the quality of its risk management framework and processes:  Overall ERM effectiveness: Sources could be an external view as assessed by a rating agency, external governance score.  Management of past losses, especially unexpected and risk transfer options.  Influenced by the amount and quality of its capital structure or Value of the business:  Amount: measured by RBC, rating agencies’ required capital, economic view.  Quality: Tier 1 versus Tiers 2 & 3 capital.  Liquidity of capital: sources and availability particularly in times of stress.  Access to central banks’ liquidity facilities: US recent history with AIG for ex.  Systemic view by governments/markets:  Too big too fail! Too big to rescue!  Think of how Iceland was affected by the combined effect of risk appetite of its banks on the country itself.  Value: Value of the business model to generate economic value.
21. Components: Risk Appetite  Lower than Risk Capacity and if focused on downside risk:  Defined as acceptable/non acceptable volatility of capital - quantitative component/metric – over a certain horizon for certain risks deemed to be acceptable/non acceptable. – qualitative component  Quatitative metric: prob of ruin/ certain target rating/ minimum regulatory capital ratio  Golden rule on acceptable/non acceptable risks:  Would our stakeholders be surprised if we annonced losses due to this risk? Think of AIG with credit derivatives!  Focused on existing balance sheet risks/preservation of capital.  Capital centric statement.  Ex. « Level of risk that results in no more than a 0,1% chance of failure over a one-year horizon, where failure is defined as loosing 100% of capital, measure by US GAAP. »
22. Components: Risk Appetite  If focused on downside/upside risk:  Defined as an acceptable/non acceptable volatility of value - quantitative component/metric – over a certain horizon for certain risks deemed to be acceptable/non acceptable. – qualitative component –  Value metric: could be economic value/embedded value based on discounted earnings/cash flows at WACC.  Focused not only on existing balance sheet risks but also takes into account emerging risks in line with strategy.  Value centric statement, but not necessarily optimizing risk/return relationship as it expresses risk preferences.  Tends towards a portfolio view of risks.
23. Components: Risk Target  Specifies the optimal level of risk that an organization desires taking into account its risk capacity, risk appetite and desired returns.  Efficient frontier concept: for a given level of capital – capital centric approach – or returns – value centric approach - where do I want to be in terms of risk given my strategic goals? Target risk profile vs actual risk profile?  Set risk objectives so that if risk is outside target – monitoring of risk profile – then actions are taken to reduce/enhance/increase risk taking.  Could be done overall and by type of major risk class.  Not all firms have risk targets.
24. Components: Risk Tolerance  Sinceestimating risk capacity/appetite/target is not a perfect exercise, tolerance sets bands around which company is tolerating fluctuations of its risk appetite/target.  Similar to the statistical concept of estimating a mean from a sample: Real mean = sample mean +/- Variability/Noize  Set so that the aggregation of total risk is within the overall organization’s risk appetite/target.  Certain risks like SOX/Fraud/Legal Compliance: Zero Tolerance  Financial risks: Tolerance expressed as a +/- yearly IRR duration mismatch, % of ALM, Greeks, GAP, Unexpected losses, yearly expected losses above a certain threshold, % economic capital depleted, volatility of embedded value  Non financial risks: min customer satisfaction rates, employee retention rates, % of clients’ funds retained …
25. Components: Risk Limits/Budgets  Max not to exceed/min to accept.  Practical/day-to-day constraints on business activities with some risk tolerances.  Limits/risk budgets can be set up for:  Business units, product lines, country, types of risks, concentration, market limit of securities held, existing, future – derivatives -.  Ex. ABCP recent problems in Canada. CDP Capital held 1/3 of market…too much..didn’t have a market limit…  Devising an overall limit system should be done so that it akes into account all acceptable/non acceptable risks, correlation, aggregation of risks, & risk tolerances in order to tend towards the firm’s desired risk target/risk appetite.  Risk limits should also be explained/negotitated with business units and embedded into compensation schemes.  Limits should be established in the same units: Capital/Value  As much an art as science here!
26. Risk Appetite: Responsibilities  Board:  Approves, discusses & challenges the Risk Appetite Statement.  Reviews it annually & authorizes exception.  Communicates it to stakeholders.  Management:  Reviews/discusses the risk capacity exercise.  Proposes the risk appetite to the Board along with its components: target/tolerances/risk limits.  Negotiates/explains the limits with the business units.  Reports risk appetite to the Board. Frequency: quaterly.  ERM Group:  Performs the risk capacity/appetite/target/tolerance/limits exercise.  Monitors the overall risk appetite/limit system.  Updates analysis with changes in external environment, strategy…
27. Examples of Risk Appetite: ING  Risk appetite measured along 3 dimensions: Earnings at Risk, Capital At Risk, Economic Capital   Earnings at Risk (EaR) is a measure of the potential reduction in IFRS earnings from expectations, assuming no mitigating management actions, during a moderate (i.e. ‘1 in 10’) stressscenario.  Capital at Risk (CaR) is the potential reduction of the current net asset value (based on fair values) of the balance sheet over the next year relative to the expected value during a moderate (i.e. ‘1 in 10’) stress scenario, and assuming no mitigating management action.  Economic Capital (EC) is the amount of capital required to absorb unexpected losses in times of severe stress given ING’s AA target rating, 99,95%, (i.e. ‘1 in 2000’ ).  Integrates shareholder’s point of view: EaR & CaR  Integrates rating agencies/debtholders point of view: EC  Integrates their banking and insurance operations/all risks  Risk appetite appears 34 times in their 2007 Financial Statements compared to 1 time in AIG’s 2007 Statements!
28. Risk Appetite: Methods  Simple like KPI/KRIs combined in a scorecard indicator.  Easy to set up and monitor.  Concept of the Green/Amber/Red zones.  Heat Map Approach: Evaluate Likelihood and Impact. Risk Appetite is the boundary line.  Efficient frontier Approach: Investment Perspective.  « Sophisticated Approach » : EC/Enterprise/Embedded Value Modelling.  Recommend: Combination of methods if sophisticated modelling fails!
29. Risk Appetite: Success Factors  Integrate both internal and external stakeholders’ different risk tolerances into the process from value protection to value creation.  Integrate process within the overall strategy, culture and risk capabilities.  Consider past historical decision making, reactions to events to assess risk appetite/tolerance. If CRO is fired all the time, maybe risk appetite is lower than said! ING CRO is leaving?  Integrate non financial and financial risks: portfolio view of risks.  Create a few measures that are practical and that represent the most critical aspects of the business.  Communicate it through the firm! From top-down to bottom-up feedback.
Value creation through optimising risk


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The Perfect Fit : How To Start an Image Consulting Business by Lynne Henderson Marks: Firstpublish.Inc 9781929925643 Paperback - Books Express
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The Perfect Fit : How To Start an Image Consulting Business
Lynne Henderson Marks
ISBN 10: 1929925646 / ISBN 13: 9781929925643
Published by Firstpublish.Inc, 2001
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Title: The Perfect Fit : How To Start an Image ...
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Image Consulting has been identified as one of the top home-based professions for the new millennium. This is the first book that outlines in detail how to design an image consulting business, the training you will need and how to market and promote your services. Included also is a section on resources, sample documents, media lists and consulting tools and training. This is a MUST HAVE if you want to start a successful image business.
Lynne Henderson Marks, AICI is an international image consultant, trainer and leadership coach who brings together her experience in education, fashion, beauty, modeling and business communications to found London Image Institute, a training company in Atlanta, Georgia. As a newcomer into this business, reading this book was the best thing that could happen! Besides enriching my career it has given me many new ideas to amplify my business. Lynn lives in Atlanta, Georgia with her family.
Dominique Isbecque, AICI, president of DominiQue IsbecQue International is a leading professional color and image consultant, coaching individuals and corporate groups in perception management and personal communication strategies worldwide. years of experience. Born in Africa, and raised in Belgium and the USA, Dominique now resides in New York City.