text:
Patent US5039848 - Method and machine for dispensing coupons - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA machine is for selectively dispensing a plurality of coupons including at least two different inscriptions thereon to be respectively redeemable for at least two different promotions or bargains. The machine includes a cabinet and a display area on the cabinet indicating the different bargains capable...http://www.google.com/patents/US5039848?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5039848 - Method and machine for dispensing couponsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5039848 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/328,046Publication dateAug 13, 1991Filing dateMar 23, 1989Priority dateJun 19, 1987Fee statusPaidPublication number07328046, 328046, US 5039848 A, US 5039848A, US-A-5039848, US5039848 A, US5039848AInventorsRaymond G. StokenOriginal AssigneeAudio-Visual Concepts, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (9), Referenced by (175), Classifications (7), Legal Events (13) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and machine for dispensing coupons
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4124109 *Feb 11, 1977Nov 7, 1978Robin BissellDispensing apparatus and methodUS4674041 *Sep 15, 1983Jun 16, 1987James K. AppletonMethod and apparatus for controlling the distribution of couponsUS4825045 *Jul 24, 1986Apr 25, 1989Advance Promotion Technologies, Inc.System and method for checkout counter product promotionUS4833308 *Jul 24, 1986May 23, 1989Advance Promotion Technologies, Inc.Checkout counter product promotion system and methodUS4882675 *Nov 26, 1984Nov 21, 1989Steven NichtbergerPaperless system for distributing, redeeming and clearing merchandise couponsUS4896791 *Nov 10, 1988Jan 30, 1990The Savings Spot, Ltd.Coupon dispensing systemUS4910672 *Dec 4, 1987Mar 20, 1990Catalina Marketing CorporationMethod and apparatus for dispensing discount couponsUSRE32115 *Nov 15, 1984Apr 15, 1986Lockwood Lawrence BSelf-service terminalGB2192180A * Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5235519 *Feb 27, 1991Aug 10, 1993Atsushi MiuraCard vending machineUS5305197 *Oct 30, 1992Apr 19, 1994Ie&E Industries, Inc.Coupon dispensing machine with feedbackUS5377975 *Nov 16, 1992Jan 3, 1995Clapper, Jr.; Ronald C.Electronic gaming apparatus and methodUS5445295 *Jan 17, 1992Aug 29, 1995Brown; GrahamAutomated vending machine system for recorded goodsUS5467269 *May 31, 1994Nov 14, 1995J. B. Laughrey, Inc.Method and means for telephonically crediting customers with rebates and refundsUS5487010 *Jun 25, 1993Jan 23, 1996B.M.D., Inc.Bumper sticker printing machineUS5564546 *Jun 6, 1994Oct 15, 1996Coinstar, Inc.Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and methodUS5578797 *Apr 21, 1994Nov 26, 1996Ishida Co., Ltd.Method and apparatus for printing merchandising informationUS5595538 *Nov 2, 1995Jan 21, 1997Haste, Iii; Thomas E.Electronic gaming machine and methodUS5609337 *Jul 10, 1995Mar 11, 1997Clapper, Jr.; Ronald C.Gaming ticket dispenser apparatus and method of playUS5620079 *May 3, 1994Apr 15, 1997Coinstar, Inc.Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and methodUS5657899 *Sep 14, 1995Aug 19, 1997Cory Consultants, Inc.System for and method of dispensing lottery ticketsUS5746299 *Apr 27, 1995May 5, 1998Coinstar, Inc.Coin counter dejamming method and apparatusUS5799767 *Apr 7, 1997Sep 1, 1998Coinstar, Inc.Cleaning apparatus and method for a coin counter and voucher dispenserUS5810664 *Mar 5, 1997Sep 22, 1998Clapper, Jr.; Ronald C.Electronic gaming apparatus and methodUS5909794 *May 7, 1997Jun 8, 1999Coinstar, Inc.Donation transaction method and apparatusUS5941771 *Jan 17, 1997Aug 24, 1999Haste, Iii; Thomas E.Electronic gaming machine and methodUS5949042 *Jan 21, 1997Sep 7, 1999Dietz, Ii; Michael J.Instant, multiple play gaming ticket and validation systemUS5988348 *Jun 27, 1997Nov 23, 1999Coinstar, Inc.Coin discrimination apparatus and methodUS5995942 *Mar 13, 1996Nov 30, 1999Tactical Retailing SolutionsStore-level marketing systemUS6009411 *Nov 14, 1997Dec 28, 1999Concept Shopping, Inc.Method and system for distributing and reconciling electronic promotionsUS6047807 *Sep 5, 1997Apr 11, 2000Coinstar, Inc.Restricted access coin counterUS6048269 *Jan 22, 1993Apr 11, 2000Mgm Grand, Inc.Coinless slot machine system and methodUS6095313 *Jul 8, 1999Aug 1, 2000Coinstar, Inc.Coin counter dejamming method and apparatusUS6151587 *Jul 23, 1998Nov 21, 2000Matthias; John T.Coupon dispenser and method for generating couponsUS6282516Jun 1, 1999Aug 28, 2001Catalina Marketing International, Inc.Process, system and computer readable medium for in-store printing of discount coupons and/or other purchasing incentives in various departments within a retail storeUS6285986 *Oct 22, 1999Sep 4, 2001Venturemakers LlcMethod of and apparatus for interactive automated registration, negotiation and marketing for combining products and services from one or more vendors together to be sold as a unitUS6318537Apr 28, 2000Nov 20, 2001Cummins-Allison Corp.Currency processing machine with multiple internal coin receptaclesUS6321208Apr 19, 1995Nov 20, 2001Brightstreet.Com, Inc.Method and system for electronic distribution of product redemption couponsUS6330543Nov 13, 1998Dec 11, 2001Concept Shopping, Inc.Method and system for distributing and reconciling electronic promotionsUS6336099Apr 24, 1998Jan 1, 2002Brightstreet.ComMethod and system for electronic distribution of product redemption couponsUS6389401Apr 30, 1999May 14, 2002Concept Shopping, Inc.System and method for inverted promotionsUS6405174Oct 5, 1998Jun 11, 2002Walker Ditial, LlcMethod and apparatus for defining routing of customers between merchantsUS6484863Apr 12, 2000Nov 26, 2002Coinstar Inc.Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and methodUS6494776Nov 29, 1999Dec 17, 2002Coinstar, Inc.Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and methodUS6599187Oct 29, 2001Jul 29, 2003Zdi Gaming, Inc.Method, apparatus and gaming set for use in a progressive gameUS6602125May 4, 2001Aug 5, 2003Coinstar, Inc.Automatic coin input tray for a self-service coin-counting machineUS6619166 *Dec 7, 2000Sep 16, 2003Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Printing apparatus with cutter and image printing and cutting methodUS6637576Oct 16, 2000Oct 28, 2003Cummins-Allison Corp.Currency processing machine with multiple internal coin receptaclesUS6684195 *Aug 4, 2000Jan 27, 2004Catalina Marketing International, Inc.Method and system for selective incentive point-of-sale marketing in response to customer shopping historiesUS6729957Apr 10, 2002May 4, 2004Mgm Grand, Inc.Gaming method and host computer with ticket-in/ticket-out capabilityUS6729958Apr 10, 2002May 4, 2004Mgm Grand, Inc.Gaming system with ticket-in/ticket-out capabilityUS6736251Aug 1, 2002May 18, 2004Coinstar, Inc.Coin counter and voucher dispensing machine and methodUS6736725Apr 10, 2002May 18, 2004Mgm Grand, Inc.Gaming method and host computer with ticket-in/ticket-out capabilityUS6746330Dec 19, 2002Jun 8, 2004IgtMethod and device for implementing a coinless gaming environmentUS6758316May 7, 2003Jul 6, 2004Coinstar, Inc.Coin counter and voucher dispensing machine and methodUS6763924Jul 16, 2002Jul 20, 2004John H. OlbrichApparatus and method for changing currencyUS6766892Jan 2, 2003Jul 27, 2004Coinstar, Inc.Coin discrimination apparatus and methodUS6778693Feb 28, 2002Aug 17, 2004Cummins-Allison Corp.Automatic currency processing system having ticket redemption moduleUS6937995Oct 20, 1999Aug 30, 2005Concept Shopping, Inc.Method and system for distributing and reconciling electronic promotionsUS6954732Dec 21, 1999Oct 11, 2005Ad Response Micromarketing CorporationCoupon delivery systemUS7033271Jul 24, 2003Apr 25, 2006Zdi Gaming, Inc.Method, apparatus and gaming set for use in a progressive gameUS7099832Apr 5, 2002Aug 29, 2006Waler Digtal, LlcMethod and apparatus for defining routing of customers between merchantsUS7152727Oct 5, 2001Dec 26, 2006Coinstar, Inc.Method and apparatus for coin or object sensing using adaptive operating point controlUS7213697Apr 16, 2004May 8, 2007Coinstar, Inc.Coin discrimination apparatus and methodUS7214891Jan 16, 1996May 8, 2007Ishida Co., Ltd.Method and apparatus for printing merchandising informationUS7225143Apr 26, 2000May 29, 2007Concept Shopping, Inc.System and method for inverted promotionsUS7236942Dec 28, 1998Jun 26, 2007Walker Digital, LlcPre-sale data broadcast system and methodUS7275991May 4, 2004Oct 2, 2007Mgm Grand, Inc.Slot machine with ticket-in/ticket-out capabilityUS7294056Dec 23, 2003Nov 13, 2007Gametech International, Inc.Enhanced gaming systemUS7340419Mar 15, 2002Mar 4, 2008Walker Digital, LlcMethod and apparatus for product displayUS7451892Jul 10, 2006Nov 18, 2008Walker Digital, LlcVending machine system and method for encouraging the purchase of profitable itemsUS7454363Aug 3, 2000Nov 18, 2008IgtMethod and apparatus for voucher sorting and reconciliation in soft count processUS7496523Apr 6, 2006Feb 24, 2009Walker Digital, LlcMethod and apparatus for defining routing of customers between merchantsUS7499769Jun 23, 2006Mar 3, 2009Walker Digital, LlcProducts and processes for vending a plurality of products via defined groupsUS7546277Oct 9, 1997Jun 9, 2009Walker Digital, LlcMethod and apparatus for dynamically managing vending machine inventory pricesUS7552069Dec 22, 2000Jun 23, 2009Concept Shopping, Inc.Techniques for optimizing promotion deliveryUS7577496May 8, 2007Aug 18, 2009Walker Digital, LlcSystem for vending physical and information itemsUS7587333Dec 22, 1998Sep 8, 2009Walker Digital, LlcMethod and apparatus for vending productsUS7653599Feb 14, 2003Jan 26, 2010Coinstar, Inc.Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of valueUS7711658Oct 29, 2007May 4, 2010Walker Digital, LlcMethod and apparatus for dynamically managing vending machine inventory pricesUS7726562May 8, 2007Jun 1, 2010Walker Digital, LlcSystem for vending physical and information itemsUS7778456Aug 17, 2010Cummins-Allison, Corp.Automatic currency processing system having ticket redemption moduleUS7805333Feb 12, 2004Sep 28, 2010Ds-Iq, Inc.Techniques for using loyalty cards and redeeming accumulated valueUS7826923Nov 2, 2010Walker Digital, LlcProducts and processes for vending a plurality of productsUS7835950Jul 31, 2006Nov 16, 2010Walker Digital, LlcMethod and apparatus for product displayUS7856379Oct 13, 2006Dec 21, 2010Walker Digital, LlcPre-sale data broadcast system and methodUS7865265Oct 23, 2007Jan 4, 2011Walker Digital, LlcProducts and processes for vending a plurality of products via defined groupsUS7865432Feb 14, 2003Jan 4, 2011Coinstar, Inc.Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of valueUS7874478Jan 25, 2011Coinstar, Inc.Coin counter and voucher dispensing machine and methodUS7885726Jul 10, 2006Feb 8, 2011Walker Digital, LlcVending machine system and method for encouraging the purchase of profitable itemsUS7894936Oct 15, 2004Feb 22, 2011Walker Digital, LlcProducts and processes for managing the prices of vending machine inventoryUS7912581Mar 22, 2011Walker Digital, LlcProducts and processes for vending a plurality of products via defined groupsUS7912758Nov 9, 2007Mar 22, 2011Walker Digital, LlcMethod and apparatus for product displayUS7929749Sep 25, 2006Apr 19, 2011Cummins-Allison Corp.System and method for saving statistical data of currency bills in a currency processing deviceUS7946406May 24, 2011Cummins-Allison Corp.Coin processing device having a moveable coin receptacle stationUS7949582May 14, 2007May 24, 2011Cummins-Allison Corp.Machine and method for redeeming currency to dispense a value cardUS7971699Jul 5, 2011Coinstar, Inc.Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and methodUS7973800Jul 24, 2006Jul 5, 2011Avid Technology, Inc.Source color modification on a digital nonlinear editing systemUS7980378Jul 19, 2011Cummins-Allison CorporationSystems, apparatus, and methods for currency processing control and redemptionUS8000998Jun 9, 2003Aug 16, 2011Ds-Iq, Inc.System and method for inverted promotionsUS8023715Sep 20, 2011Cummins-Allison CorporationAutomatic currency processing system having ticket redemption moduleUS8024272Apr 12, 2010Sep 20, 2011Coinstar, Inc.Methods and systems for exchanging/transferring gift cardsUS8033375Feb 14, 2003Oct 11, 2011Coinstar, Inc.Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of valueUS8042732Mar 25, 2009Oct 25, 2011Cummins-Allison Corp.Self service coin redemption card printer-dispenserUS8050969Jun 6, 2008Nov 1, 2011News America Marketing Properties LlcInteractive marketing network and process using electronic certificatesUS8068933Nov 29, 2011Walker Digital, LlcProducts and processes for vending a plurality of products via defined groupsUS8070590Dec 6, 2011IgtMethods and apparatus for providing tickets from gaming devices and/or lottery terminals which are not dependent on a player's success on the underlying gameUS8103586Jan 24, 2012Coinstar, Inc.Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of valueUS8112359Dec 21, 2010Feb 7, 2012Walker Digital, LlcPre-sale data broadcast system and methodUS8229821Jul 24, 2012Cummins-Allison Corp.Self-service currency exchange machineUS8229851Aug 19, 2011Jul 24, 2012Coinstar, Inc.Methods and systems for exchanging/transferring gift cardsUS8328632Dec 1, 2011Dec 11, 2012IgtMethods and apparatus for providing tickets from gaming devices and/or lottery terminals which are not dependent on a player's success on the underlying gameUS8332313Dec 11, 2012Coinstar, Inc.Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of valueUS8346610May 14, 2007Jan 1, 2013Cummins-Allison Corp.Automated document processing system using full image scanningUS8352322Jan 8, 2013Cummins-Allison Corp.Automated document processing system using full image scanningUS8370200Sep 28, 2011Feb 5, 2013News America Marketing Properties LlcInteractive marketing network and process using electronic certificatesUS8393455Mar 10, 2004Mar 12, 2013Cummins-Allison Corp.Coin processing device having a moveable coin receptacle stationUS8419526Sep 5, 2000Apr 16, 2013IgtMethods and apparatus for providing tickets from gaming devices and/or lottery terminalsUS8443958Dec 30, 2008May 21, 2013Cummins-Allison Corp.Apparatus, system and method for coin exchangeUS8473342Apr 5, 2000Jun 25, 2013Catalina Marketing CorporationMethod and system for generating certificates having unique Id dataUS8523641Sep 15, 2005Sep 3, 2013Cummins-Allison Corp.System, method and apparatus for automatically filling a coin cassetteUS8543510Feb 6, 2012Sep 24, 2013Walker Digital, LlcPre-sale data broadcast system and methodUS8545295Dec 16, 2011Oct 1, 2013Cummins-Allison Corp.Coin processing systems, methods and devicesUS8559694Jun 27, 2011Oct 15, 2013Cummins-Allison Corp.Currency processing system with fitness detectionUS8602200Feb 10, 2005Dec 10, 2013Cummins-Allison Corp.Method and apparatus for varying coin-processing machine receptacle limitsUS8626581Jun 15, 2010Jan 7, 2014Catalina Marketing CorporationVirtual couponing method and apparatus for use with consumer kioskUS8676643Jun 8, 2011Mar 18, 2014Ds-Iq, Inc.System and method for inverted promotionsUS8678916Dec 4, 2012Mar 25, 2014IgtMethods and apparatus for providing tickets from gaming devices and/or lottery terminalsUS8684159Mar 8, 2013Apr 1, 2014Cummins-Allison Corp.Method and apparatus for varying coin-processing machine receptacle limitsUS8684160Feb 27, 2013Apr 1, 2014Cummins-Allison Corp.System and method for processing coinsUS8701857Oct 29, 2008Apr 22, 2014Cummins-Allison Corp.System and method for processing currency bills and ticketsUS8701860Jul 16, 2013Apr 22, 2014Cummins-Allison Corp.Coin processing systems, methods and devicesUS8712830Jun 12, 2001Apr 29, 2014Catalina Marketing CorporationMethod and system for electronic distribution of product redemption couponsUS8712836Dec 20, 2005Apr 29, 2014Midnight Blue Remote Access LlcPoint-of-sale server and methodUS8744907Jun 24, 2013Jun 3, 2014Catalina Marketing CorporationMethod and system for generating certificates having unique ID dataUS8751297Apr 29, 2008Jun 10, 2014Inventor Holdings, LlcMethod and apparatus for defining routing of customers between merchantsUS8775245Feb 11, 2010Jul 8, 2014News America Marketing Properties, LlcSecure coupon distributionUS8874467Nov 23, 2011Oct 28, 2014Outerwall IncMobile commerce platforms and associated systems and methods for converting consumer coins, cash, and/or other forms of value for use with sameUS8892470Sep 23, 2013Nov 18, 2014Walker Digital, LlcPre-sale data broadcast system and methodUS8950566Dec 30, 2008Feb 10, 2015Cummins Allison Corp.Apparatus, system and method for coin exchangeUS8959029Jul 14, 2011Feb 17, 2015Cummins-Allison CorpSystem, apparatus, and methods for currency processing control and redemptionUS8967361Feb 27, 2013Mar 3, 2015Outerwall Inc.Coin counting and sorting machinesUS9022841May 30, 2013May 5, 2015Outerwall Inc.Coin counting and/or sorting machines and associated systems and methodsUS9036890Jun 5, 2012May 19, 2015Outerwall Inc.Optical coin discrimination systems and methods for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the likeUS9064268Nov 1, 2011Jun 23, 2015Outerwall Inc.Gift card exchange kiosks and associated methods of useUS9092924Mar 8, 2013Jul 28, 2015Cummins-Allison Corp.Disk-type coin processing unit with angled sorting headUS9129271Feb 28, 2014Sep 8, 2015Cummins-Allison Corp.System and method for processing casino ticketsUS9129294Feb 6, 2012Sep 8, 2015Outerwall Inc.Coin counting machines having coupon capabilities, loyalty program capabilities, advertising capabilities, and the likeUS9171316Jun 12, 2007Oct 27, 2015Inventor Holdings, LlcMethod and apparatus for vending a combination of productsUS9183687Apr 1, 2015Nov 10, 2015Outerwall Inc.Coin counting and/or sorting machines and associated systems and methodsUS9230381Nov 21, 2014Jan 5, 2016Outerwall Inc.Coin counting and sorting machinesUS9235945Feb 10, 2014Jan 12, 2016Outerwall Inc.Coin input apparatuses and associated methods and systemsUS9330515Jun 16, 2015May 3, 2016Cummins-Allison Corp.Disk-type coin processing unit with angled sorting headUS9384626Jun 11, 2015Jul 5, 2016IgtMethod and apparatus for planning and customizing a gaming experienceUS20010011818 *Mar 7, 1997Aug 9, 2001Heritage Publishing, Inc.System and method for promoting stores and productsUS20010032128 *Dec 22, 2000Oct 18, 2001Jonathan KepecsTechniques for optimizing promotion deliveryUS20020111867 *Apr 5, 2002Aug 15, 2002Walker Jay S.Method and apparatus for defining routing of customers between merchantsUS20020194064 *Jun 1, 2001Dec 19, 2002Parry Travis J.Methods and apparatus for promoting use of consumable goods in imaging devicesUS20030141359 *Jan 15, 2003Jul 31, 2003Oleg DymovskyMethod and apparatus for a voucher security system in gamingUS20030205412 *Jun 5, 2003Nov 6, 2003Ishida Co., Ltd.Method and apparatus for printing merchandising informationUS20030212599 *Jun 9, 2003Nov 13, 2003Concept Shopping, Inc.System and method for inverted promotionsUS20040011621 *Jul 16, 2002Jan 22, 2004Olbrich John H.Apparatus and method for changing currencyUS20040116180 *Jul 24, 2003Jun 17, 2004Gerow Jay E.Method, apparatus and gaming set for use in a progressive gameUS20040185931 *Dec 23, 2003Sep 23, 2004Gametech International, Inc.Enhanced gaming systemUS20040200898 *Feb 12, 2004Oct 14, 2004Concept Shopping, Inc.Use of limited identification information on point-of-sale systemsUS20040211832 *Apr 28, 2003Oct 28, 2004Xerox CorporationSystem and method for purchasing and selling document services using a couponUS20040230483 *Feb 12, 2004Nov 18, 2004Concept Shopping, Inc.Techniques for using loyalty cards and redeeming accumulated valueUS20060080173 *Sep 29, 2005Apr 13, 2006Optical Products Development Corp.Coupon dispensing systemUS20060100931 *Dec 20, 2005May 11, 2006Midnight Blue Remote Access LlcPoint-of-sale server and methodUS20060136568 *Dec 8, 2005Jun 22, 2006Meister Spencer AApparatus for providing coupons in cooperation with operation of a companion deviceUS20060190335 *Apr 6, 2006Aug 24, 2006Walker Jay SMethod and apparatus for defining routing of customers between merchantsUS20070073587 *Oct 13, 2006Mar 29, 2007Walker Jay SPre-sale data broadcast system and methodUS20080234029 *Jun 2, 2008Sep 25, 2008IgtMethods and apparatus for providing tickets from gaming devices and/or lottery terminals which are not dependent on a player's success on the underlying gameUS20090042634 *Oct 8, 2008Feb 12, 2009IgtMethods and apparatus for providing tickets from gaming devices and/or lottery terminals which are not dependent on a player's success on the underlying gameUS20110238480 *Sep 29, 2011Ds-Iq, Inc.System and Method for Inverted PromotionsUSRE44252Jun 4, 2013Cummins-Allison Corp.Coin redemption systemUSRE44689Jun 29, 2012Jan 7, 2014Cummins-Allison Corp.Optical coin discrimination sensor and coin processing system using the sameUSRE45006Aug 26, 2005Jul 8, 2014Midnight Blue Remote Access LlcMethod and system for accumulating marginal discounts and applying an associated incentive upon achieving thresholdEP0568088A2 *Apr 30, 1993Nov 3, 1993ISHIDA CO., Ltd.Method and apparatus for printing merchandising informationEP0621560A1 *Apr 14, 1994Oct 26, 1994Bavak Efficiency B.V.Installation for supplying information to customersEP0924662A2May 1, 1995Jun 23, 1999Coinstar, Inc.Coupon/voucher dispensing machine and methodWO1994006101A1 *Sep 1, 1993Mar 17, 1994Coinstar, Inc.Coupon/voucher dispensing machine and methodWO1995030215A1 *May 1, 1995Nov 9, 1995Coinstar, Inc.Coupon/voucher dispensing machine and methodWO2000074012A1Nov 16, 1999Dec 7, 2000Catalina Marketing International, Inc.Printing of purchasing incentives throughout various departments of a retail store* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification235/381, 194/217International ClassificationG07B1/02Cooperative ClassificationG07B1/02, G06Q20/387European ClassificationG06Q20/387, G07B1/02Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 13, 1991ASAssignmentOwner name: AUDIO-VISUAL CONCEPTS, INC., PENNSYLVANIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:STOKEN, RAYMOND G.;REEL/FRAME:005626/0887Effective date: 19910307Mar 21, 1995REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedAug 14, 1995FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 14, 1995SULPSurcharge for late paymentFeb 3, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: INTER*ACT SYSTEMS, INC., CONNECTICUTFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:REVENCO CORPORATION;STOKEN, RAYMOND G., INDIVIDUALLY ANDAS FORMER;REEL/FRAME:008975/0105Effective date: 19980202Mar 9, 1999REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedAug 13, 1999FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Aug 13, 1999SULPSurcharge for late paymentAug 13, 2003REINReinstatement after maintenance fee payment confirmedOct 7, 2003FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20030813Dec 10, 2004FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Dec 10, 2004SULPSurcharge for late paymentFeb 7, 2005PRDPPatent reinstated due to the acceptance of a late maintenance feeEffective date: 20050210RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text:
Abeka Think and Learn---Grade K5 | eBay
Abeka k4 k5 Numbers Charts and games homeschool edition A Beka kindergarten
Abeka K5 Bible Activity Student Book - Genesis and Life of Christ
Abeka Numbers Skills Letters and Sounds k5 teacher Keys (free books included)
Details about Abeka Think and Learn---Grade K5
Abeka Think and Learn---Grade K5
392546636503
by mollimare3 May 23, 2018
Verified purchase: Yes | Condition: pre-owned | Sold by: glory-to-the-lord

type: global

value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
Expedia.com • Hotels • Europe • Sweden • Halland Hotels • Lanthotell Lögnäs Gård, Halland
Switch main photo to photo of 40/70 Indoor Spa Tub
All 36 individually decorated rooms feature free WiFi and pillowtop beds. For a bit of entertainment, guests will find flat-screen TVs with DVD players, and other amenities include room service and coffee makers. Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window Select to view moreAbout the Hotel
In addition to a full-service spa, Lanthotell Lögnäs Gård features a spa tub and a sauna. The hotel offers a restaurant. Guests can unwind with a drink at one of the hotel's bars, which include 2 bars/lounges and a swim-up bar. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. Event facilities measuring 2153 square feet (200 square meters) include a conference center, conference space, and meeting rooms. This Laholm hotel also offers a steam room, a library, and a terrace. Onsite self parking is complimentary. Lanthotell Lögnäs Gård is a smoke-free property. 24-hour front desk Barbecue grill(s) Billiards or pool table Coffee/tea in common areas Free newspapers in lobby Conference center Conference space Conference space size (feet) - 2153 Conference space size (meters) - 200 Fireplace in lobby Free breakfast Free RV, bus, truck parking Free self parking Free WiFi Full-service spa Garden Laundry facilities Library Luggage storage Meeting rooms 7 Multilingual staff Number of bars/lounges - 2 Number of buildings/towers - 3 Number of floors - 2 Number of meeting rooms - 6 Picnic area Restaurant Sauna Smoke-free property Spa tub Steam room Swim-up bar Television in common areas Terrace Total number of rooms - 36 Tours/ticket assistance Wedding services Year Built 2010 Show all hotel amenities Business Travel Amenities
Coffee in lobby Dry cleaning or laundry services Conference center Conference rooms Free breakfast Free parking Free WiFi Meeting rooms Multilingual staff Family Friendly Amenities
Bathtub or shower Coffee/tea maker Free weekday newspaper Connecting/adjoining rooms available Cribs/infant beds (surcharge) Daily housekeeping Desk DVD player Flat-panel TV Free WiFi Hair dryer Individually decorated Individually furnished Iron/ironing board (on request) Pillowtop mattress Private bathroom Room service (limited hours) Show all room amenities Where to Eat
Recreational amenities at the hotel include a spa tub, a sauna, and a steam room. The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply. Golfing nearby Hiking/biking trails nearby Downhill skiing nearby Cross-country skiing nearby Mountain biking nearby Ski lessons available nearby Ski equipment rental shops nearby Horse riding/rental on site Ice skating on site Playground on site Yoga classes/instruction on site Sledding nearby Boat tours nearby Ziplining nearby Show recreation options Spa Services
Guests can indulge in a pampering treatment at the hotel's full-service spa. The spa is equipped with hot springs/mineral springs, a sauna, a spa tub, and a steam room. The spa is open daily. Children under 12 years old are not allowed in the spa without adult supervision. Steam room in spa Sauna in spa Spa tub in spa Hot springs/mineral springs in spa Show spa details Accessibility
Children are welcome.Kids stay free! Children under 2 years old stay free when using existing bedding. Rollaway/extra beds are available for SEK 200 per night.Cribs (infant beds) are available for SEK 100 per night.
Give your feedback to help us make improvements Enter your dates to see prices Lanthotell Lögnäs Gård
Family Hotel Llafranc|
Golf Hotel Bussolengo|
Spa Hotel Bussolengo|
Business Hotel Cyberjaya|
Pet-friendly Hotel Orbetello|
Business Hotel Mount Olive|
Business Hotel Lehrte|
4 Star Hotels in Tesero|
Villagrande Strisaili 4 Star Hotels|
3 Star Hotels in Raalte|
4 Star Hotels in Kitami|
3 Star Hotels in Haria|
3 Star Hotels in Llanera|

value: This website is an online travel agency owned by Expedia Group, an American online travel shopping company based in Seattle.


text:
Effects of a Standardized Phenolic-Enriched Maple Syrup Extract on β-Amyloid Aggregation, Neuroinflammation in Microglial and Neuronal Cells, and β... - PubMed - NCBI
1 selected item: 27418278
Ma H1, DaSilva NA1, Liu W1, Nahar PP1, Wei Z1, Liu Y1, Pham PT2, Crews R2, Vattem DA2,3, Slitt AL1, Shaikh ZA1, Seeram NP4.
Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
Nutrition Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Grover Center E160A, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA. nseeram@uri.edu.
Published data supports the neuroprotective effects of several phenolic-containing natural products, including certain fruit, berries, spices, nuts, green tea, and olive oil. However, limited data are available for phenolic-containing plant-derived natural sweeteners including maple syrup. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of a chemically standardized phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX) using a combination of biophysical, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Based on biophysical data (Thioflavin T assay, transmission electron microscopy, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential), MSX reduced amyloid β1-42 peptide (Aβ1-42) fibrillation in a concentration-dependent manner (50-500 μg/mL) with similar effects as the neuroprotective polyphenol, resveratrol, at its highest test concentration (63.5 % at 500 μg/mL vs. 77.3 % at 50 μg/mL, respectively). MSX (100 μg/mL) decreased H2O2-induced oxidative stress (16.1 % decrease in ROS levels compared to control), and down-regulated the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory markers (22.1, 19.9, 74.8, and 87.6 % decrease in NOS, IL-6, PGE2, and TNFα levels, respectively, compared to control) in murine BV-2 microglial cells. Moreover, in a non-contact co-culture cell model, differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were exposed to conditioned media from BV-2 cells treated with MSX (100 μg/mL) and LPS or LPS alone. MSX-BV-2 media increased SH-SY5Y cell viability by 13.8 % compared to media collected from LPS-BV-2 treated cells. Also, MSX (10 μg/mL) showed protective effects against Aβ1-42 induced neurotoxicity and paralysis in Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo. These data support the potential neuroprotective effects of MSX warranting further studies on this natural product.
Alzheimer’s disease; Amyloid β1−42; Caenorhabditis elegans; Maple syrup phenolics; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotective
PMC5819752
10.1007/s11064-016-1998-6
HPLC-DAD chromatogram of a phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX) showing 37 compounds identified as follows: (1) 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone, (2) 3,4-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyran-2-one, (3) 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, (4) 2-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, (5) 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-benzenediol, (6) catechol, (7) C-veratroylglycol, (8) threo,threo-1-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,2,3-propanetriol, (9) 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone, (10) 4-acetylcatechol, (11) tyrosol, (12) catechaldehyde, (13) 1,2-diguaiacyl-1,3-propanediol, (14) 3′,5′-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxy-2-hydroxyacetophenone, (15) leptolepisol D, (16) 3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzadehyde, (17) vanillin, (18) fraxetin, (19) syringaldehyde, (20) syringenin, (21) scopoletin, (22) threo-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4′-dihydroconiferyl alcohol, (23) erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4′-dihydroconiferyl alcohol, (24) 5-(3″,4″-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxybenzyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl) dihydrofuran-2-one, (25) 1-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanone, (26) erythro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol, (27) icariside E4, (28) 3′,4′,5′-trihydroxyacetophenone, (29) dehydroconiferyl alcohol, (30) sakuraresinol, (31) secoisolariciresinol, (32) acernikol, (33) (1S,2R)-2-[2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(1S,3aR,4S,6aR)-tetrahydro-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-yl]phenoxy]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol, (34) 2-[4-[2,3-dihydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2-benzofuranyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol, (35) 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethoxystilbene, (36) 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxystilbene, and (37) (E)-3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-dihydroxystilbene.
Effects of a Standardized Phenolic-Enriched Maple Syrup Extract on β-Amyloid Aggregation, Neuroinflammation in Microglial and Neuronal Cells, and β-Amyloid Induced Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Neurochem Res. ;41(11):2836-2847.
(A) ThT binding assay showing the levels of Aβ1–42 aggregation treated with different concentrations of MSX (50–500 μg/mL) or positive control resveratrol (RESV; at 50 μg/mL); (B) TEM analyses of Aβ1–42 solution freshly mixed with 500 μg/mL MSX without incubation (left), Aβ1–42 solution incubated for 5 d (middle) and Aβ1–42 solution co-treated with 500 μg/mL MSX then incubated for 5 d (right).
Circular dichroism (CD) measurement of native Aβ, aggregated Aβ, and Aβ co-treated with MSX (500 ug/mL).
MSX reduced H2O2-induced oxidative stress in BV-2 murine microglial cells. (B) BV-2 cells were pretreated with MSX (50 or 100 μg/mL) for 24 h followed by 1 h of H2O2 (3 μg/mL) treatment. The H2O2-induced ROS production was measured by using the DCFDA reagent.
BV-2 cells pretreated with MSX (50 or 100 μg/mL) for 1 h followed by exposure to LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. The treated cell culture media were used to assay the amount of NOS (A), IL-6 (B), PGE2 (C), and TNFα (D) production. Resveratrol (RESV, at 5 μg/mL) served as the positive control for all the assays. Data are presented as means ± SDs of three independent experiments.
MSX reduced murine BV-2 microglia-mediated neurotoxicity of human SH-SY5Y neuron cells. BV-2 cells were treated with MSX (50 and 100 μg/mL) or resveratrol (RESV, 5 μg/mL; positive control) for 1 h prior to exposure to LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. The conditioned media from the BV-2 were collected and added to SH-SY5Y cells. After incubation for 24 h, cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells were measured by the CTG 2.0 assay. All data points were compared to the LPS column.
Mobility curves of transgenic (CL4176) C. elegans 20 h post Aβ1–42 induction of muscular paralysis at 25 °C. Kaplan-Meier mobility plots of C. elegans worms fed on (A) Control (NGM); (B) MSX: (NGM + 10 μg/mL MSX).

value: This website is part of the United States National Library of Medicine , a branch of the National Institutes of Health . It is approved and funded by the government of the United States.


text:
Patent US20050234205 - Copolymer, paper-treating agent, and processed paper - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA paper treatment agent which contains a copolymer essentially comprising a repeating unit derived from a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, a repeating unit derived from a pyrrolidone monomer, a nitrogen-containing repeating unit such as �[CH2C(CH3)[COOCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)3.Cl]]�, and...http://www.google.com/patents/US20050234205?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20050234205 - Copolymer, paper-treating agent, and processed paperAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20050234205 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/516,544PCT numberPCT/JP2003/007464Publication dateOct 20, 2005Filing dateJun 12, 2003Priority dateJun 13, 2002Also published asCA2488804A1, CN1659197A, WO2003106519A1Publication number10516544, 516544, PCT/2003/7464, PCT/JP/2003/007464, PCT/JP/2003/07464, PCT/JP/3/007464, PCT/JP/3/07464, PCT/JP2003/007464, PCT/JP2003/07464, PCT/JP2003007464, PCT/JP200307464, PCT/JP3/007464, PCT/JP3/07464, PCT/JP3007464, PCT/JP307464, US 2005/0234205 A1, US 2005/234205 A1, US 20050234205 A1, US 20050234205A1, US 2005234205 A1, US 2005234205A1, US-A1-20050234205, US-A1-2005234205, US2005/0234205A1, US2005/234205A1, US20050234205 A1, US20050234205A1, US2005234205 A1, US2005234205A1InventorsFumihiko Yamaguchi, Masahiko IshikawaOriginal AssigneeFumihiko Yamaguchi, Masahiko IshikawaExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (8), Classifications (10), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetCopolymer, paper-treating agent, and processed paper
US 20050234205 A1Abstract
A paper treatment agent which contains a copolymer essentially comprising a repeating unit derived from a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, a repeating unit derived from a pyrrolidone monomer, a nitrogen-containing repeating unit such as �[CH2C(CH3)[COOCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)3.Cl]]�, and an anionic functional group-containing repeating unit such as �[CH2C(CH3)COOH]� has a relatively low viscosity, and the action of the treatment agent hardly lowers even when a cationic paper strength-enhancing agent is used in combination therewith. Images(12) Claims(22)
1. A fluorine-containing copolymer comprising (a) 50 to 92% by weight of at least one fluoromonomer of the general formula: wherein Rf represents a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 16 carbon atoms, A represents a divalent organic group having a carbon atom to be bonded to an oxygen atom adjacent to the group A, and if needed, at least one oxygen atom, sulfur atom and/or nitrogen atom, one of R11 and R12 represents a hydrogen atom, and the other thereof represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (b) 1 to 25% by weight of at least one nitrogen-containing monomer of the general formula: and/or wherein B represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R21 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R22, R23 and R24 are the same of different, each representing a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyethyl group or a benzyl group; or otherwise, R22 and R23 together form a divalent organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and X− represents an anionic group; (c) 1 to 25% by weight of a pyrrolidone monomer of the general formula: wherein R31, R32, R33 and R34 are the same or different, each representing a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and (d) 1 to 5% by weight of a monomer having an anionic functional group. 2. A copolymer according to claim 1, further comprising (e) 0 to 10% by weight of a monomer other than the monomers (a), (b), (c) and (d). 3. A copolymer according to claim 1, wherein said fluoromonomer (a) is at least one fluoromonomer of the formula (I) in which Rf represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 4 to 16 carbon atoms. 4. A copolymer according to claim 1, wherein said nitrogen-containing monomer (b) is dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl methacrylate, N-tert.-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, N-tert.-butylaminoethyl acrylate, or a mixture thereof. 5. A copolymer according to claim 1, wherein said pyrrolidone monomer (c) is N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, or a mixture thereof. 6. A copolymer according to claim 1, wherein said anionic functional group-containing monomer (d) is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, sodium styrene sulfonate, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, or a mixture thereof. 7. A copolymer according to claim 1, wherein said fluoromonomer (a) is at least one fluoromonomer of the formula (I) in which Rf represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 4 to 16 carbon atoms; said nitrogen-containing monomer (b) is dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; said pyrrolidone monomer (c) is N-vinylpyrrolidone; and said anionic functional group-containing monomer (d) is methacrylic acid. 8. A copolymer according to claim 1, wherein said fluoromonomer (a) is a compound of the formula: F(CF2)8CH2CH2OCOCH═CH2 or F(CF2)10CH2CH2OCOCH═CH2, or a mixture thereof; said nitrogen-containing monomer (b) is dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; said pyrrolidone monomer (c) is N-vinylpyrrolidone; and said anionic functional group-containing monomer (d) is methacrylic acid. 9. A copolymer according to claim 1, wherein said fluoromonomer (a) is a mixture of a compound of the formula: F(CF2)8CH2CH2OCOCH═CH2 and a compound of the formula: F(CF2)10CH2CH2OCOCH═CH2; said nitrogen-containing monomer (b) is dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; said pyrrolidone monomer (c) is N-vinylpyrrolidone; and said anionic functional group-containing monomer (d) is methacrylic acid, and wherein the weight ratio of these monomers is 66:14:15:3:2. 10. A method for using a copolymer according to claim 1, for treating a solid substrate, particularly paper and cardboard to impart lipophobic property and hydrophobic property thereto. 11. A paper treatment agent comprising a copolymer according to claim 1. 12. A paper treatment agent according to claim 11, which is applied to the surface of paper in such an amount that the ratio of the weight of fluorine atoms in the agent to the weight of the paper can be 0.05 to 0.2% by weight. 13. A paper treatment agent according to claim 11, which is applied to a whole of paper including the internal layer thereof, in such an amount that the ratio of fluorine atoms in the agent to the weight of pulp can be 0.2 to 0.4% by weight. 14. Processed paper treated with a paper treatment agent according to claim 11. 15. A process for preparing a copolymer according to claim 1, comprising the steps of copolymerizing the monomers (a), (b), (c) and (d) in a water-soluble organic solvent or a solution of a mixture of water-soluble organic solvents, and if needed, diluting the copolymer with an aqueous solution of an inorganic or organic acid. 16. A process for preparing a copolymer according to claim 1, comprising the steps of previously neutralizing the nitrogen-containing monomer with an acid, and polymerizing the monomers. 17. A process according to claim 15, wherein the copolymer is treated with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide after the polymerization. 18. A process according to claim 15, wherein the amount of hydrogen peroxide is 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.3 to 3% based on the total weight of the monomers. 19. A process according to claim 15, wherein the solvent for use in the copolymerization is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. 20. A process according to claim 15, wherein the solvent for use in the copolymerization is acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, or a mixture thereof. 21. A process according to claim 15, wherein the acid in the aqueous organic acid solution is acetic acid. 22. A process for preparing a copolymer according to claim 1, comprising the steps of copolymerizing the monomers (a), (b), (c) and (d) in acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, or a mixture thereof, and if needed, diluting the copolymer with an aqueous solution of an inorganic or organic acid, and then distilling off the organic solvent.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to novel copolymers, paper treatment agents comprising the copolymers, and paper treated with the paper treatment agents. RELATED ART Hitherto the following water- and oil-resistance processing agents for paper have been proposed: (1) A processing agent which comprises a phosphate ester compound having a polyfluoroalkyl group (hereinafter referred as a Rf group) as an essential component (cf. JP-A-64-6196 and JP-A-3-123786). (2) A processing agent which comprises a copolymer of an acrylate having a Rf group and vinylidene chloride, as an essential component (cf. JP-A-55-69677, JP-A-51-133511 and JP-B-53-22547). (3) A processing agent which comprises a copolymer of an acrylate having a Rf group, dimethylaminoalkyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate, as an essential component (cf. JP-A-7-206942). The phosphate ester compound having a Rf group, contained in the processing agent (1), is a water-soluble compound, and therefore can not impart water repellency to paper, and further markedly lowers oil repellency, if a sizing agent is contained in the processing agent. To generally proof paper against oil, external addition processing methods which impregnate or coat a base paper with a processing agent are employed. In the external addition processing methods, a size press and various coaters are used, and the treated paper is dried at a temperature of 80 to 100� C. for such short time as several seconds to several tens seconds. When the processing agent is used in the external addition processing method, it is necessary to select such a processing agent that can impart high water- and oil-resistance properties to paper at a relatively low temperature for relatively short time. When the processing agent (2) is diluted with water for external addition to paper and the immersion, drawing or circulation is carried out at a high speed, the following problems arise: the stability of the processing agent becomes poor; scum occurs in the processing agent; dirt deposits on the rolls; the adsorption of the processing agent onto the paper becomes insufficient, and so on. Thus, sufficient properties can not be imparted to the paper. The processing agent (3) can not impart sufficient performance to paper when used in combination with a cationic agent such as a paper strength agent or sizing agent. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have discovered that sufficient performance can be imparted to paper by treating the paper with a paper treatment agent which comprises, as an essential component, a copolymer having specified repeating units, even if the agent is used in combination with a cationic agent (e.g., a paper strength agent), and that this paper treatment agent has a low viscosity and thus is easily handled. The subject matter of the present invention relates to a fluorine-containing copolymer comprising: (a) 50 to 92% by weight of at least one fluoromonomer of the general formula: wherein Rf represents a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 16 carbon atoms, A represents a divalent organic group having a carbon atom to be bonded to an oxygen atom adjacent to the group A, and if needed, at least one oxygen atom, sulfur atom and/or nitrogen atom, and one of R11 and R12 represents a hydrogen atom, and the other thereof represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (b) 1 to 25% by weight of at least one nitrogen-containing monomer of the general formula: and/or the formula: wherein B represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R21 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R22, R23 and R24 are the same or different, each representing a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyethyl group or a benzyl group, or otherwise, R22 and R23 together form a divalent organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; and X− represents an anionic group, (c) 1 to 25% by weight of a pyrrolidone monomer of the general formula: wherein R31, R32, R33 and R34 are the same or different, each representing a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and (d) 1 to 5% by weight of a monomer having an anionic functional group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The copolymer of the present invention may further comprise 0 to 10% by weight of at least one monomer (e) other than the monomers (a), (b), (c) and (d). The copolymer of the present invention has constituting units derived from the monomers (a), (b), (c) and (d), and if needed, the monomer (e). Throughout the present specification, an acrylate and a methacrylate are generally referred to as (meth)acrylate. Likewise, (meth)acrylamide and the like are used as generic terms as above. The Rf group is a group in which at least two hydrogen atoms of a C1-C21 alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms. The Rf group may have a linear or branched chain structure, and preferably has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly 4 to 16 carbon atoms. The ratio of fluorine atoms in the Rf group is preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 80%, in particular, substantially 100%, when expressed by the equation: (the number of fluorine atoms in the Rf group)/(the number of hydrogen atoms in an alkyl group which has the same number of carbon atoms as that of the Rf group)�100 (%). Particularly preferred Rf group is a perfluoroalkyl group which is formed by substituting all the hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group with fluorine atoms. The fluoromonomer (a) is a (meth)acrylate having a Rf group, which is a compound having the Rf group in the ester residue of (meth)acrylate. One or at least two different (meth)acrylates having Rf groups may be used. For example, the fluoromonomer (a) may be a fluoroalkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate of the general formula: Rf-A-OCOCR11═CH2 (I-a) wherein Rf, R11 and A are as defined in the formula (I). In the formula (I) or (I-a), the A group may be a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a group of the formula: �SO2N(R21)R22� or a group of the formula: �CH2CH(OR23)CH2� (in which R21 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R22 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R23 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms). Examples of the fluoromonomer (a) include the followings: wherein Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms; R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R2 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Ar represents an optionally substituted arylene group; and n is an integer of 1 to 10. Specific examples of the fluoromonomer (a) include the following compounds, in each of which R6 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group: CH2═CR6COOCH2CH2Rf, CH2═CR6COOCH2CH2N(CH2CH2CH3)CORf, CH2═CR6COOCH(CH3)CH2Rf, CH2═CR6COOCH2CH2N(CH3)SO2Rf, CH2═CR6COOCH2COOCH2N(CH3)CORf, CH2═CR6COOCH2CH2N(CH2CH3)SO2Rf, CH2═CR6COOCH2CH2N(CH2CH3)CORf, CH2═CR6COOCH2CH2N(CH2CH2CH3)SO2Rf, and CH2═CR6COOCH(CH2Cl)CH2OCH2CH2N(CH3)SO2Rf. More specific examples of the fluoromonomer (a) include the following compounds: F(CF2)5CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)6CH2CH2OCOCR═CH2, H(CF2)6CH2OCOCR6═CH2, H(CF2)8CH2OCOCR6═CH2, H(CF2)10CH2OCOCR6═CH2, H(CF2)8CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)8CH2CH2CH2OCOCR═CH2, F(CF2)10CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)10CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, (CF3)12 CF(CF2)4CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, (CF3)2CF(CF2)6CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, (CF3)2CF(CF2)8CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)2SO2N(C3H7)CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)8CON(C3H7)CH2CH2OCOCR═CH2, F(CF2)8CH2CH(CH3)OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)8(CH2)4OCOCR═CH2, F(CF2)8SO2N(CH3)CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)8CON(CH3)CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)8SO2N(C2H5)CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)8CON(C2H5)CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)8CONHCH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, (CF3)2CF(CF2)5(CH2)3OCOCR6═CH2, (CF3)2CF(CF2)5CH2CH(OCOCH3)3OCOCR6═CH2, (CF3)2CF(CF2)5CH2CH(OH)CH2OCOCR6═CH2, (CF3)2CF(CF2)7CH2CH(OH)CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)9CH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, F(CF2)9CONHCH2CH2OCOCR6═CH2, and F(CF2)9SO2N(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH(CH2Cl)OCOCR6═CH2. wherein R6 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. The nitrogen-containing monomer (b) is a compound having at least one nitrogen atom (particularly an amino group) and one carbon-carbon double bond. The nitrogen-containing monomer (b) is a compound of the formula (II) in which the nitrogen atom is not cationic, or a compound of the formula (III) in which the nitrogen atom is cationic. The nitrogen-containing monomer (b) of the formula (II) is a (meth)acrylate having no cationic group. The nitrogen-containing monomer of the formula (III) is a (meth)acrylate having a cationic group. The groups R22 and R23 in the formula (II) are each independently an alkyl group, or the groups R22 and R23 together may form a divalent organic group. The alkyl group is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. A quaternary ammonium salt group may be present as the cationic group in the monomer (b). In other words, R22R23 and R24 in the formula (III) are each independently an alkyl group; or otherwise, R22 and R23 together may form a divalent organic group, and R24 may be an alkyl group. The alkyl group is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. The divalent organic group which is formed by R22 and R23 in the formula (II) or (III) is preferably a polymethylene group having at least 2 carbon atoms, a group formed by substituting at least one hydrogen atom of said polymethylene group, or a group formed by inserting an ether-like oxygen atom into the carbon-carbon bond of the polymethylene group. The substituent for the hydrogen atom of the polymethylene group is preferably an alkyl group such as a methyl group, ethyl group or n-propyl group. The groups R22 and R23 may form a morpholino group, piperidino group or 1-pyrrolidinyl group, together with the nitrogen atom bonded to both of them. The group X− is a counter ion (an anionic group). The group X is a halogen atom or a residue remaining after one cationic hydrogen atom is allowed to leave from an acid (an inorganic acid or an organic acid). Example of the group X− include a chlorine ion (Cl−), bromine ion (Br−), iodine ion (I−), hydrogensulfate ion (HSO4 −) and acetic acid ion (CH3COO−). Examples of the nitrogen-containing monomer (b) include dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl methacrylate, N-tert.-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, and N-tert-butylaminoethyl acrylate. One or at least two repeating units derived from the nitrogen-containing monomer (b) may be contained in the copolymer. When the copolymer comprises at least two repeating units, the repeating units preferably contain alkyl moieties or counter ions which are different. The presence of the nitrogen-containing monomer (b) can give paper treated with the processing agent the high resistance to water and oil after dried at a relatively low temperature for relatively short time, and also, can improve the stability of the processing agent itself. Examples of the repeating unit having no cationic group, derived from the nitrogen-containing monomer (b), include the followings: �[CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)2N(CH3)2]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)3N(CH3)2)]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)2N(CH2CH3)2]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)3N(CH2CH3)2]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COOCH2CH(OH)CH2N(CH3)2]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COOCH2CH(OH)CH2N(CH2CH3)2]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)2N(CH3)2]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)3N(CH3)2]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)2N(CH2CH3)2]]�, and �[CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)3N(CH2CH3)2]]�. Examples of the repeating unit having a cationic group, derived from the nitrogen-containing monomer (b), include the followings: �[CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)2N+(CH3)3.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)3N+(CH3)3.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)2N+(CH2CH3)3.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)3N+(CH2CH3)3.X−]]�, [CH2�C(R)[COOCH2CH(OH)CH2N+(CH3)3.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COOCH2CH(OH)CH2N+(CH2CH3)3.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)2N+(CH3)3.X−]]�, [CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3.X−]]�, [CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)2N+(CH2CH3)3.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)3N+(CH2CH3)3.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)2N+H(CH3)2.X−]] [CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)3N+H(CH3)2.X−]]�, [CH2�C(R)[COO(CH2)2N+H(CH2CH3)2.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)2N+H(CH3)2.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)3N+H(CH3)2.X−]]�, �[CH2�C(R)[CONH(CH2)2N+H(CH2CH3)2.X−]]�, and �[CH2�C(R) [CONH(CH2)3N+H(CH2CH3)2.X−]]�. The pyrrolidone monomer (c) is a compound which has a pyrrolidone group and one carbon-carbon double bond. In the formula (IV), R31R32, R33 and R34 are each preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Examples of the pyrrolidone monomer (c) include N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-vinyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone. The monomer (d) having an anionic functional group is a compound having an anionic functional group and one carbon-carbon double bond. Examples of the anionic functional group include �C(═O)OH, �SO3H, and �SO3Na. Examples of the monomer (d) include an acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, sodium styrene sulfonate, itaconic acid and fumaric acid. The copolymer of the present invention may comprise other monomer (e) in addition to the monomers (a), (b), (c) and (d). Examples of the other monomer (e) include the followings: ethylene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylstyrene halide, α-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, polyoxyalkylene mono(meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide, diacetone (meth)acrylamide, methylol(meth)acrylamide, N-methylol(meth)acrylamide, alkyl vinyl ether, alkyl vinyl ether halide, alkyl vinyl ketone, butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, glycidyl(meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, aziridinyl(meth)acrylate, benzyl(meth)acrylate, isocyanate ethyl(meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl(meth)acrylate, short chain alkyl(meth)acrylate, maleic anhydride, (meth)acrylate having a polydimethylsiloxane group, and N-vinylcarbazole. The amounts of the monomers may be as follows, based on the weight of the copolymer: 50 to 92% by weight, for example, 75 to 90% by weight, of the monomer (a), 1 to 25% by weight, for example, 10 to 16% by weight, of the monomer (b), 1 to 25% by weight, for example, 1 to 5% by weight, of the monomer (c), 1 to 5% by weight, for example, 1 to 3% by weight, of the monomer (d), and 0 to 10% by weight, for example, 0 to 3% by weight, of the monomer (e). The copolymer of the present invention can be prepared by polymerizing the monomers (a), (b), (c) and (d), and if needed, the monomer (e), in a liquid medium. The liquid medium is preferably a water-soluble organic solvent, or may be a mixture containing a water-soluble organic solvent. The monomers and the liquid medium are preferably in the form of a solution of the monomers dissolved in the liquid medium. Preferably, the polymerization of the monomers is carried out in the manner of solution polymerization. According to the present invention, the repeating unit derived from the monomer (b) may be neutralized by adding an aqueous solution of an inorganic or organic acid after the completion of the copolymerization; or the copolymerization may be carried out by using the nitrogen-containing monomer (a) which has been previously neutralized with an organic acid. When the monomers are polymerized after the nitrogen-containing monomer of the formula (II) has been beforehand neutralized with an acid, the neutralization with an aqueous solution of an organic acid is not needed. If needed, the polymer mixture resulting from the copolymerization may be admixed with a liquid medium (such as water or an aqueous solution of an inorganic or organic acid) to dilute the mixture. Examples of the water-soluble organic solvent, i.e., the liquid medium for use in the copolymerization, include, but not limited to, ketones (e.g., acetone and methyl ethyl ketone), alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol and isopropanol), ethers (e.g., methyl or ethyl ether of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol and acetate ester thereof, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane), acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, butyrolactone, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Among those, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and acetone is preferably used as the solvent. The concentration of all the monomers in the solution may be 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 40 to 60% by weight. The copolymerization may be conducted by using 0.1 to 2.0%, based on the weight of all the monomers, of at least one initiator. As the initiator, there may be used a peroxide such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide or tert-butyl perpivalate; or an azo compound such as 2,2-azobisisobutylonitrile, 4,4-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) or azodicarbonamide. The copolymerization can be carried out at a temperature between 40� C. and the boiling point of the reaction mixture. In the diluting step, a liquid medium such as water or an aqueous solution of an inorganic or organic acid having a high or medium acidity is added to the organic solvent solution of the copolymer. Examples of such an acid include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid and lactic acid, among which acetic acid is preferably used. It is preferable to use a sufficient amount of the aqueous solution and a sufficient concentration of the acid in the aqueous solution, enough to completely neutralize the amine functional group of the monomer of the formula (II), and to allow the final copolymer liquid to have a solid content of 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 20 to 30% by weight. To completely convert the amine functional group the a salt, the amount of the acid is advantageously 1 to 5 acid equivalent, preferably 2 to 3 acid equivalent, based on the nitrogen-containing monomer (b). Hydrogen peroxide (for example, an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide) may be added after the completion of the copolymerization. The amount of hydrogen peroxide to be used is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers. The treatment by reacting hydrogen peroxide is carried out at a temperature of 25 to 100� C., preferably 70 to 85�. A treatment agent comprising the copolymer as an active ingredient can be used to treat a substrate, particularly paper. Paper to be treated is paper produced by a known papermaking method. The treatment agent may be internally added to pulp slurry before the papermaking (an internal addition process), or may be externally applied to paper produced by the papermaking (an external addition process). When the paper treatment agent is applied to the surface of paper, it is preferable to use the paper treatment agent in such an amount that the ratio of fluorine atoms in the treatment agent can be 0.02 to 5% by weight, particularly 0.05 to 0.2% by weight based on the weight of the paper. When the paper treatment agent is applied to a whole of paper including the internal part thereof, it is preferable to use the paper treatment agent in such an amount that the ratio of fluorine atoms in the treatment agent can be 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, particularly 0.2 to 0.4% by weight based on the weight of pulp. The substrate thus treated is simply dried at a room temperature or a high temperature, and then, is optionally treated by heating at a temperature of at most 200� C., depending on the nature of the substrate. The substrate treated as above shows high lipophobic and hydrophobic properties. Substrates to be treated in the present invention include base paper for gypsum board, coating base paper, medium grade paper, ordinary liner and core, pure white neutral roll paper, neutral liner, rust-preventive liner, metal composite paper and kraft paper. Examples of the substrate also include neutral printing or writing paper, neutral coating base paper, neutral PPC paper, neutral thermosensible paper, neutral pressure-sensitive paper, neutral ink jet paper, and neutral communication paper. Further, molded paper shaped by using a mold, particularly a molded container are included in the examples of the substrate. A pulp-molded container can be made by the method described in, for example, JP-A-9-183429. As a pulp raw material for use in forming paper, there may be used any of bleached pulp or non-bleached chemical pulp such as kraft pulp or sulfite pulp, bleached or non-bleached high yield pulp such as chip pulp, mechanical pulp or thermomechanical pulp, and waste paper pulp of news paper, journals, corrugated board and ink-removed paper. Also, a mixture of the above pulp raw material with synthetic fibers such as asbestos, polyamide, polyimide, polyester, polyolefin or polyvinyl alcohol may be used. The water resistance of paper can be improved by adding a sizing agent to the paper. Examples of the sizing agent are a cationic sizing agent, anionic sizing agent, and rosin-based sizing agent (e.g., acidic rosin-based sizing agent, or neutral rosin-based sizing agent). A styrene-acrylic acid copolymer and an alkylketene dimer are preferred. The amount of the sizing agent may be 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the pulp. If needed, the paper may contain additives conventionally used in papermaking, for example, a paper strength-enhancing agent such as starch, modified starch, carboxylmethyl cellulose or polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin, a yield-improving agent, a dye, a fluorescent dye, a slime-controlling agent, and a defoaming agent. If needed, a size press, gate roll coater, bill blade coater, calender or the like may be used to apply the chemicals (e.g., starch, polyvinyl alcohol, dye, coating color, or slide-preventive agent) to paper. PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of Examples which are illustrative only, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way. Throughout Examples, �parts� and �%� are �parts by weight� and �% by weight�, unless otherwise specified. The testing methods used are as follows. Viscosity The viscosity of a solution was measured with a rotary viscometer while the temperature of a liquid was controlled at 25� C. Oil Resistance The oil resistance of paper was measured according to the procedure of TAPPI UM-557. One drop of each of test oils indicated in Table 1 was placed on paper, and the penetration of the oil into the paper was observed 15 seconds later. The maximum of the oil resistance degrees of a test oil which did not penetrate paper was taken as oil resistance. TABLE 1 Oil resistance degree Castor oil Toluene Heptane 1 100 0 0 2 90 5 5 3 80 10 10 4 70 15 15 5 60 20 20 6 50 25 25 7 40 30 30 8 30 35 35 9 20 40 40 10 10 45 45 11 0 50 50 12 0 45 55 Degree of Size Degree of size was measured according to the procedure of JIS P-8122. A piece of paper having a size of 50 mm�50 mm, to be measured, was cut out of a sheet of paper. The paper piece was placed on a level surface, and folded along the lines each about 1 cm inside from the four sides of the paper piece so that the four sides could be directed upward. This folded paper piece was further folded near its four corners so that a paper box opened at the upper side could be shaped by folding along each line which connected each of the four corners to an intersection of the lines which were about 1 cm inside from two sides intersecting near each of the four corners. This paper box was floated on a 2% aqueous ammonium rhodanate solution having a temperature of 20�1� C. put in a Petridish, and simultaneously, one drop of a 1% cupper (II) chloride solution having the same temperature was fallen onto the paper box from a pipet. Then, time (seconds) required until three red spots appeared was measured, and the number of seconds was taken defined as the degree of size. Resistance to Hot Oil and Resistance to Hot Brine The resistance to hot oil or hot brine was measured according to the following method based on the inspection items of the China's Rail Ministry. Salad oil heated at 80� C. or brine heated at 80� C. (concentration: 10% by weight) was poured into a pulp-molded container, and was maintained at 80� C. for 30 minutes. Thirty minutes later, the degree of the salad oil or brine oozing from the container was estimated based on the following criteria: A: No oozing or leaking was observed. A′: A little oozing was observed. B: Oozing was observed, but no leaking was observed. C: Leaking from the container was observed.
SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 1 To a reaction vessel having a volume of 500 parts, which was equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet and heater, were added N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (90 parts), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (13 parts), acetic acid (11 parts), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (10 parts), acrylic acid (3 parts), fluorine-containing acrylate (80 parts) of the formula: (a mixture of the compounds having the notations n of 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 in the weight ratio of 1/63/25/9/2), and 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (1 part). This mixture was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere at 85� C. for 6 hours, and then, an aqueous solution containing water (195 parts) and hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) (1.4 parts) was added dropwise at 70� C. over 20 minutes. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled to a room temperature. Thus, a transparent and amber-colored solution (S1) (400 parts) was obtained. The concentration of the solid content in this solution was 25%. SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 2 The same operation as in Synthesis Example 1 was repeated, except that dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (13 parts) used in Synthesis Example 1 was changed to N-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate (13 parts). As a result, a transparent and amber-colored solution (S2) (400 parts) was obtained. The concentration of the solid content in this solution was 25%. SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 3 To a reaction vessel having a volume of 500 parts, which was equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet and heater, were added NMP (90 parts), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (15 parts), acetic acid (11 parts), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (6 parts), methacrylic acid (2 parts), fluorine-containing acrylate (80 parts) of the formula: (a mixture of the compounds having the notations n of 7 and 9 in the weight ratio of 85/15), and 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (0.8 parts). This mixture was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere at 75� C. for 3 hours, and then, 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (0.4 parts) was added to further continue the reaction for 3 hours. Next, an aqueous solution containing water (195 parts) and hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) (1.4 parts) was added dropwise at 70� C. over 20 minutes. Then, this reaction mixture was cooled to a room temperature. Thus, a transparent and amber-colored solution (S3) (400 parts) was obtained. The concentration of the solid content in this solution was 24.5%. SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 4 The same operation as in Synthesis Example 2 was repeated, except that acrylic acid (3 parts) was changed to sodium styrene sulfonate (1 part). As a result, a transparent and amber-colored solution (S4) (395 parts) was obtained. The concentration of the solid content in this solution was 25.7%. SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 5 To a reaction vessel having a volume of 500 parts, which was equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet and heater were added NMP (90 parts), quaternary product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (15 parts) of the formula: , N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (10 parts), methacrylic acid (2 parts), and the same fluorine-containing acrylate (80 parts) as used in Synthesis Example 1 (the mixture of the compounds having the notations n of 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 in the weight ratio of 1/63/25/9/2). This mixture was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere of 85� C. for 3 hours, and then, 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (0.4 parts) was added to further continue the reaction for 3 hours. Next, an aqueous solution containing water (145 parts) and acetic acid (12 parts) was added dropwise at 70� C. over 20 minutes. Then, an aqueous solution containing water (50 parts) and hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) (1.4 parts) was added dropwise at 70� C. over 20 minutes, and the mixture was stirred for 40 minutes. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled to a room temperature. Thus, a transparent and amber-colored solution (S5) (400 parts) was obtained. The concentration of the solid content in this solution was 24.5%. SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 6 To a reaction vessel having a volume of 500 parts, which was equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet and heater, were added NMP (90 parts), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (15 parts), acetic acid (11 parts), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (6 parts), methacrylic acid (2 parts), fluorine-containing acrylate (80 parts) of the formula: and 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (0.8 parts). This mixture was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere of 75� C. for 3 hours, and then, 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (0.4 parts) was added to further continue the reaction for 3 hours. Next, an aqueous solution containing water (195 parts) and hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) (1.4 parts) was added dropwise at 70� C. over 20 minutes. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled to a room temperature. Thus, a transparent and amber-colored solution (S6) (400 parts) was obtained. The concentration of the solid content in this solution was 24.5%. COMPARATIVE SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 1 The same operation as in Synthesis Example 1 was repeated, except that acrylic acid (3 parts) used in Synthesis Example 1 was changed to N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (3 parts). The concentration of the solid content in the resultant solution (T1) was 24.0%. COMPARATIVE SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 2 The same operation as in Synthesis Example 3 was repeated, except that methacrylic acid (2 parts) used in Synthesis Example 3 was changed to N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (2 parts). The concentration of the solid content in the resultant solution (T2) was 24.0%. COMPARATIVE SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 3 To a reaction vessel having a volume of 1,000 parts, which was equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet and heater, were added pure water (383 parts), acetone (140 parts), trimethyloleyl ammonium hydrochloride (3.75 parts), polyoxyethylene alkylphenol having HLB of 15 (3.43 parts), methoxyethyl acrylate (43.2 parts), N-methylolacrylamide (12 parts), 75% aqueous solution (12.8 parts) of a monomer of the formula: and fluorine-containing acrylate (176.9 parts) of the formula: (a mixture of the compounds in which the notations n of 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 in the average weight ratio of 1/63/24/9/3), and dodecylmercaptan (0.48 parts). This mixture was subjected to nitrogen substitution and heated to 70� C. Then, an aqueous solution of N,N′-azobisamidinopropane hydrochloride (1.2 parts) in water (8 parts) was added to continue the reaction for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was distilled at 90� C. to remove acetone. Thus, an emulsion containing 36% of a solid content was obtained. To this emulsion was added distilled water so as to adjust the solid content to 25%. The resultant solution was referred to the solution (T3). COMPARATIVE SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 4 To a reaction vessel having a volume of 600 parts, which was equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet and heater, were added methyl isobutyl ketone (40 parts), MEK (2 parts), acetone (27 parts), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (16 parts), vinyl acetate (8.8 parts), methacrylic acid (1.2 parts), and fluorine-containing acrylate (81.4 parts) of the formula: (a mixture of the compounds having the notations n of 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 in the average weight ratio of 1/63/24/9/3). This mixture was subjected to a nitrogen substitution, and then heated to 70� C. Then, a solution of 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (0.4 parts) in water (8 parts) was added to continue the reaction for 4 hours. Next, an aqueous solution containing water (290 parts), acetic acid (8 parts) and 35% hydrogen peroxide (2.5 parts) was added dropwise at 70� C. over 20 minutes. This mixture was stirred at 70� C. under a stream of nitrogen for 40 minutes. Then, the resulting solution was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a solution (T4) having a solid content of 25%. The viscosities of the solutions obtained in Synthesis Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 Solution S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 T1 T2 Viscosity (cps) 650 700 400 250 500 2,200 1,800 EXAMPLE 1 A styrene-acrylic acid copolymer-based sizing agent having a solid content of 1% (AS-233 manufactured by Nippon PMC) (8 g) was added in portions to a 1% aqueous dispersion (1,000 g) of bleached kraft pulp of broad-leaved trees under stirring. The stirring was continued for 2 minutes, and the solution S1 (2.4 g) of Synthesis Example 1, diluted until the solid content reached 1%, was added in portions, and the mixture was stirred for 2 minutes. The resultant pulp slurry was molded into a round tray having a level base, with a pulp-molding machine. The molded tray was dried at 180� C. for 30 minutes. The resultant paper tray had a diameter of 16 cm, a depth of 3 cm and a thickness of 0.6 mm. This paper tray was evaluated in oil resistance and resistance to hot oil and hot brine. The results are shown in Table 3. EXAMPLE 2 The operation of Example 1 was repeated in the same manner, except that a polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin reaction product having a solid content of 1% (WS-570 manufactured by Nippon PMC) (4 g) was firstly added in portions to pulp slurry in the step of Example 1, so as to enhance the strength of the resultant paper tray. This paper tray was evaluated in oil resistance and resistance to hot oil and hot brine. The results are shown in Table 3. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 The operation of Example 2 was repeated in the same manner, except that the solution T1 was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 2. The resultant paper tray was evaluated in oil resistance and resistance to hot oil and hot brine. The results are shown in Table 3. TABLE 3 Oil resistance Hot oil Hot brine Ex. No. Solution WS-570 (TAPPI method) resistance resistance Ex. 1 S1 None 8 A A′ Ex. 2 S1 4 g 8 A′ A′ C. Ex. 1 T1 4 g 6 B A′ EXAMPLES 3 TO 10 The same operation as in Example 1 (using no WS-570) or Example 2 (using WS-570) was repeated to obtain a paper tray in each of Examples 3 to 10, except that the solution, shown in Table 4, having the same solid content, was used. The results of oil resistance and resistance to hot oil and hot brine are shown in Table 4. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 2 TO 4 The same operation as in Example 2 was repeated in each of Comparative Examples 2 to 4, except that the solution T2 (Comparative Example 2), the solution T3 (Comparative Example 3) or the solution T4 (Comparative Example 4) was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 2. The resultant paper trays were evaluated in oil resistance and resistance to hot oil and hot brine. The results are 5 shown in Table 4. TABLE 4 Oil resistance Hot oil Hot brine Ex. No. Solution WS-570 (TAPPI method) resistance resistance Ex. 3 S2 None 8 A′ A′ Ex. 4 S2 4 g 8 A′ A′ Ex. 5 S3 None 9 A A Ex. 6 S3 4 g 9 A A Ex. 7 S4 None 9 A A Ex. 8 S4 4 g 9 A A Ex. 9 S5 None 9 A A Ex. l0 S5 4 g 8 A A C. Ex. 2 T2 4 g 6 B A′ C. Ex. 3 T3 4 g 6 B A′ C. Ex. 4 T4 4 g 6 B A′ EXAMPLE 11 The solution S1 (1.2 g) having a solid content of 1%, prepared in Synthesis Example 3, was added in portions to a 1% aqueous dispersion (500 g) of bleached kraft pulp of broad-leaved trees under stirring. The stirring was continued for 2 minutes. The resultant pulp slurry was made into paper with a standard papermaking system described in JIS P8209. The resultant wet paper was sandwiched between filter paper sheets under a pressure of 3.5 kg/cm2 so as to sufficiently absorb the moisture of the paper. The paper was dried over a drum drier (100� C.�2 minutes) to obtain oil resistance paper having a basis weight of 80 g/cm2. The oil resistance and the degree of size of this oil resistance paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. EXAMPLE 12 A polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin reaction product (WS-570 manufactured by Nippon PMC) (2 g) having a solid content of 1% was added in portions to a 1% aqueous dispersion (500 g) of bleached kraft pulp of broad-leaved trees under stirring. The stirring was continued for 2 minutes. Then, the solution S1 having a solid content of 1% (1.2 g), prepared in Synthesis Example 3, was added in portions, and the mixture was stirred for 2 minutes. The resultant pulp slurry was made into paper with a standard papermaking system described in JIS P8209. The resultant wet paper was sandwiched between filter paper sheets under a pressure of 3.5 kg/cm2 so as to sufficiently absorb the moisture of the paper. The paper was dried over a drum drier (100� C.�2 minutes) to obtain oil-resistant paper having a basis weight of 80 g/cm2. The oil resistance and the degree of size of this oil-resistant paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. EXAMPLE 13 The operation of Example 11 was repeated, except that the solution S6 prepared in Synthesis Example 6 was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 11. The oil resistance and the degree of size of the resultant paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. EXAMPLE 14 The operation of Example 12 was repeated, except that the solution S6 prepared in Synthesis Example 6 was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 12. The oil resistance and the degree of size of the resultant paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5 The operation of Example 11 was repeated, except that the solution T2 was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 11. The oil resistance and the degree of size of the resultant paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6 The operation of Example 12 was repeated, except that the solution T2 was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 12. The oil resistance and the degree of size of the resultant paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 7 The operation of Example 11 was repeated, except that the solution T3 was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 11. The oil resistance and the degree of size of the resultant paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8 The operation of Example 12 was repeated, except that the solution T3 was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 12. The oil resistance and the degree of size of the resultant paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 9 The operation of Example 11 was repeated, except that the solution T4 was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 11. The oil resistance and the degree of size of 10 the resultant paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 10 The operation of Example 12 was repeated, except that 15 the solution T4 was used instead of the solution S1 of Example 12. The oil resistance and the degree of size of the resultant paper were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. TABLE 5 Oil resistance Degree of Ex. No. Solution WS-570 (TAPPI method) size (sec.) Ex. 11 S1 None 8 18 Ex. 12 S1 4 g 8 16 Ex. 13 S6 None 8 22 Ex. 14 S6 4 g 8 18 C. Ex. 5 T2 None 8 16 C. Ex. 6 T2 4 g 5 6 C. Ex. 7 T3 None 7 18 C. Ex. 8 T3 4 g 5 18 C. Ex. 9 T4 None 8 18 C. Ex. 10 T4 4 g 5 18 EFFECT OF THE INVENTION The treatment agents of the present invention impart sufficient water resistance and oil resistance to paper, even when sizing agents and paper strength-enhancing agents are present. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7307913Jun 29, 2006Dec 11, 2007Hynix Semiconductor Inc.Clock control device for toggling an internal clock of a synchronous DRAM for reduced power consumptionUS8088252 *Mar 2, 2009Jan 3, 2012Celanese International CorporationSalt-sensitive cationic polymeric binders for nonwoven webs and method of making the sameUS8932694Jun 29, 2011Jan 13, 2015Surmodics, Inc.Fluorinated polymers and lubricious coatingsUS20120171495 *Aug 31, 2010Jul 5, 2012Daikin Industries, Ltd.Water and oil resistant agent for paper, treatment process and paperUS20120285645 *Mar 28, 2012Nov 15, 2012Daikin Industries, Ltd.Water- and oil-resistant agent having a decreased content of vinyl pyrrolidone monomerUSRE44590Feb 9, 2012Nov 12, 2013658868 N.B. Inc.Clock control device for toggling an internal clock of a synchronous DRAM for reduced power consumptionWO2011099650A1 *Feb 14, 2011Aug 18, 2011Daikin Industries, Ltd.Water and oil resistant agent for paper and paper treatment processWO2012006135A2 *Jun 29, 2011Jan 12, 2012Surmodics, Inc.Fluorinated polymers and lubricious coatings* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification526/242, 526/319, 526/310, 526/264International ClassificationC08F220/22, D21H17/37Cooperative ClassificationD21H17/37, C08F220/22European ClassificationD21H17/37, C08F220/22Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 2, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:YAMAGUCHI, FUMIHIKO;ISHIKAWA, MASAHIKO;REEL/FRAME:016753/0678;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041026 TO 20041102RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


text:
Amazon.com: Baionarena (Live CD + DVD): Explore similar items
Customers who viewed this item... Baionarena (Live CD + DVD) ~ Manu Chao
ReviewManu Chao is one of the world s most important and influential musicians. --Pitchfork Read More
Customers also viewed Siberie M'Etait Conteee Audio CD ~ Manu Chao
Radio Bemba Sound System Audio CD ~ Manu Chao
Proxima Estaci�n: Esperanza Audio CD ~ Manu Chao
Clandestino Vinyl ~ Manu Chao
La Radiolina Audio CD ~ Manu Chao
Clandestino Audio CD ~ Manu Chao
Babylonia En Guagua DVD ~ Manu Chao
Best of Audio CD ~ Mano Negra

value: This website is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.


text:
Encyclopedia of the Solar System: Paul Weissman, Lucy-Ann McFadden, Torrence Johnson: 9780122268052: Amazon.com: Books
Paul Weissman (Editor), Lucy-Ann McFadden (Editor), Torrence Johnson (Editor)
ISBN-13: 978-0122268052
14 New from $46.07
The Encyclopedia of the Solar System provides a series of comprehensive and authoritative articles written by more than 50 eminent planetary and space scientists. Each chapter is self-contained yet linked by cross-references to other related chapters. This beautifully designed book is a must for the library of professional astronomers and amateur star-gazers alike, in fact for anyone who wishes to understand the nature of our solar system. * Cross-referenced throughout for easy comprehension* Superbly illustrated with over 700 photos, drawings, and diagrams, including 36 color plates* Provides 40 thematically organized chapters by more than 50 eminent contributors* Convenient glossaries of technical terms introduce each chapter* Foreword written by astronaut Sally Ride* Special web site for the Encyclopedia at www.academicpress.com/solar includes author-recommended web resources for additional information, images, and research developments related to each chapter of this volume
Encyclopedia of the Solar System, Second  Lucy-Ann McFadden
Encyclopedia of the Solar System, Third Edition Tilman Spohn
$122.59Prime
0120885891,0124158455
Publisher: Academic Press; First Edition edition (September 25, 1998)
Product Dimensions: 14.3 x 9.5 x 2.5 inches
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,699,500 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
An arresting jacket painting by Brad Greenwood shows the solar system as it would be seen from the sun. The 56 contributors to this one-volume encyclopedia--all specialists in solar system science--describe the system from the galaxy inward to the sun and then outward through the planets. They discuss also comets, asteroids, missions of exploration to the planets, and the search for planets outside the solar system. The audience the editors have aimed at includes teachers, students, advanced amateurs, astronomers who do not specialize in the solar system, and professionals in other scientific and technical fields. Such a person could usefully read the volume straight through or plunge at once into any of the topics. Indeed, a reader who knows little about the solar system could do the same; she would end up knowing a lot.
"This reference guide to four decades of exploration and discovery [...] is a valuable resource for academic and large public libraries."--LIBRARY JOURNAL, April 15, 2000"The 56 contributors to this one-volume encyclopedia-all specialists in solar system science-describe the system from the galaxy inward to the sun and then outward through the planets....The audience the editors have aimed at includes teachers, students, advanced amateurs, astronomers who do not specialize in the solar system, and professionals in other scientific and technical fields. Such a person could read the volume straight through or plunge at once into any of the topics."--John Rennie, Editor-in-Chief, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, March 1999"....The Encyclopedia of the Solar System is a worthy choice for academic libraries."--AGAINST THE GRAIN"Four decades of the most exciting explorations in human history in one book! Up-to-the-minute details by the best writers to explore the solar system are wonderfully organized for both looking up quick facts and for in-depth study. This one pulls it all together. Any citizen of the solar system from age 8 to 80 should own this encyclopedia."--Dr. Jay Apt, Director, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, four-time Space Shuttle Astronaut"Weissman, McFadden, and Johnson have done a terrific job in assembling a roster of world-class experts to write about the key topics in planetary science. This should be a valuable guide both in the classroom and on the reference shelf."--Dr. William K. Hartmann, Planetary Science Institute, Tucson; Recipient of the American Astronomical Society's Carl Sagan Medal"I cannot imagine a trio of scientists better qualified to produce a volume about the solar system than Weissman, McFadden, and Johnson. This is more than a book-it is a fantastic voyage to neighbor worlds that combines the accuracy of science with the beauty and wonder that is our solar system."--Dr. David H. Levy, Astronomer"During the last forty years, the nature of the solar system has been gradually revealed as more and more capable spacecraft have ventured further from Earth's shores, and as theoreticians have developed increasingly sophisticated models to understand what has been found. At last we have a compact yet complete summary of these incredible discoveries, prepared by many of the scientists who did the original work."--Dr. Joseph A. Burns, Church Professor of Engineering and Professor of Astronomy, Cornell University"A distinguished group of editors and authors have produced a compendium of our current knowledge about the Solar System and how we obtained it. This volume will reside on my desk as a vital resource to help me answer questions from scientists in other fields, public officials, and the general public."--Dr. Robert W. Milkey, Executive Officer, American Astronomical Society"I wish I had this on my desk for all the years I've needed an immediate reference for explaining something complicated about the Solar System to Congress or the Administration."--Dr. Wesley T. Huntress, Jr., Associate Administrator for Space Science, NASA"The Encyclopedia of the Solar System has been crafted by working scientific experts who are directly engaged in [current space explorations]. It is a must-have reference for anyone in the lay public, any would-be planetary explorer, who wants to join up and come along with us as we reach out into the void and touch the planets."--Dr. Laurence A. Soderblom, United States Geological Survey
22 of 23 people found the following review helpfulAn excellent layman's reference to solar system astronomy
Don't buy this book thinking it will be an entertaining reference for your twelve-year-old nephew who enjoys astronomy. This hefty tome is more akin to a college-level textbook than an encyclopedia. If you want to get a detailed, but not overly technical, overview of modern solar system science, this is the book for you.
10 of 11 people found the following review helpfulA legacy!
Following a thematic progression, ranging outward from the Sun to other planetary systems, the Encyclopedia of the Solar System details the dynamics of motions and rotations, solar wind, planetary, geologic, and atmospheric conditions, as well as other processes in the formation of planets, satellites and the smaller bodies of our planetary environment. The Encyclopedia covers the latest observations employing planetary radar, radio, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths.Features convenient glossaries of technical terms, over 700 illustrations, numerous color plates, extensive cross-referencing throughout, further readings, useful appendices, and a comprehensive 4,500 entry index. Readers and web denizens like me will particularly appreciate the convenience of using the accompanying website (academicpress.com/solar) to link to related on-line resources.Keep watching the sky!
12 of 14 people found the following review helpfulSuperb, but...
This is the best work I've read on the solar system, period. The text is wonderful but I dearly wish the author had included the American measuring system along with the metric one. I'm one of those old fogies who has to cogitate in the extreme in order to convert kilometers into miles. Oh, well.Seriously, this book is a "must-have" for astronomy aficionados and for those who merely wish to brush up on their knowledge of our solar neighborhood.I also wish the book had a sewn binding. Otherwise, it is a really great read and a "keeper".
11 of 15 people found the following review helpfulThis is the best!!!!!!!!!
benthomas@goes.com
If you are interested in the solar system in which you live in, this book is a must. It is very informative and complex, yet simple enough for the high school student. The absolute best book about our solar system.
Encyclopedia of the Solar System, Second Edition by Lucy-Ann McFadden Hardcover