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Erik Bye - Semantic Scholar
Guy Perrault10
André Dufresne10
Svante Wold8
Wijnand Eduard8
Solveig Føreland6
14Wijnand Eduard
13Solveig Føreland
10G. Mark Richardson
8Merete Drevvatne Bugge
7Helge Kjuus
Dental amalgam and mercury.
Asbjørn Jokstad, Yngvar Thomassen, Erik Bye, Jocelyne Clench-Aas, Jan Aaseth
The mercury concentrations in blood (HgB) and urine (HgU) samples, and in exhaled air (HgAir) were measured in 147 individuals from an urban Norwegian population, using cold vapour atomic absorption… (More)
Exposure to Fibres, Crystalline Silica, Silicon Carbide and Sulphur Dioxide in the Norwegian Silicon Carbide Industry
Solveig Føreland, Erik Bye, Berit Bakke, Wijnand Eduard
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess personal exposure to fibres, crystalline silica, silicon carbide (SiC) and sulphur dioxide in the Norwegian SiC industry. METHODS Approximately 720… (More)
Occurrence of airborne silicon carbide fibers during industrial production of silicon carbide.
Erik Bye, Wijnand Eduard, J Gjønnes, E Sørbrøden
Airborne dust from the production of silicon carbide has been analyzed for particle morphology and composition. Fibers of alpha silicon carbide were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)… (More)
Airborne fibres in the norwegian silicon carbide industry.
Asbjørn Skogstad, Solveig Føreland, Erik Bye, Wijnand Eduard
Morphology of silicon carbide (SiC) fibres from the Norwegian SiC industry has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fibres are an unwanted side-product in SiC production. They… (More)
Chemometrics in Occupational Hygiene — How and Why ! a Picture Can Tell More than a Thousand Words and Figures !
In this introductory article the author argues for an increased use of a multivariate analytical approach to the complex problems encountered in occupational hygiene. Relations between exposure at… (More)
On the determination of crystalline silica in the presence of amorphous silica.
Erik Bye, G Edholm, B Gylseth, D G Nicholson
A novel strategy for retrospective exposure assessment in the Norwegian silicon carbide industry.
Solveig Føreland, Merete Drevvatne Bugge, Berit Bakke, Erik Bye, Wijnand Eduard
The objective was to construct a retrospective job-exposure matrix (JEM) for the Norwegian silicon carbide industry. More than 3300 historical total dust measurements were available (1967-2005);… (More)
Quantitative determination of airborne respirable non-fibrous alpha-silicon carbide by x-ray powder diffractometry.
Erik Bye, Solveig Føreland, Lennart Lundgren, Klaus Kruse, R Rønning
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present investigation was to establish a method for the determination of airborne respirable non-fibrous silicon carbide (SiC). The main application is within the… (More)
Solveig Føreland, Berit Bakke, Roel Vermeulen, Erik Bye, Wijnand Eduard
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to identify important determinants of dust exposure in the Norwegian silicon carbide (SiC) industry and to suggest possible control measures. METHODS Exposure… (More)
Multivariate classification of histochemically stained human skeletal muscle fibres by the SIMCA method
Erik Bye, Ole Grønnerød, Nils B. Vogt
The SIMCA (soft independent modelling of class analogy) method of pattern recognition has been used to classify four muscle fibre types: I, IIA, IIB and IIC. The samples were histochemically stained… (More)

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Amazon.co.uk:Customer Reviews: Península Valdés / Valdes Peninsula (Regional Map)
Amazon.co.uk Today's Deals Warehouse Deals Outlet Subscribe & Save Vouchers Amazon Family Amazon Prime Amazon Video Amazon Student Mobile Apps Amazon Pickup Locations Amazon Assistant Made in Italy Península Valdés / Valdes Peninsula (Regional Map)
Customer Reviews3.0 out of 5 stars13.0 out of 5 stars5 star04 star03 star12 star01 star0Península Valdés / Valdes Peninsula (Regional Map)byJulian De DiosWrite a reviewSee All Buying OptionsAdd to Wish List
All reviewersVerified purchase onlyAll reviewersAll stars5 star only4 star only3 star only2 star only1 star onlyAll positiveAll criticalAll starsSearchThere was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later.3.0 out of 5 starsJust okByAlon 17 April 2013Verified PurchaseVery basic map, I was expecting something a bit more elaborated and I found a basic map. If you have nothing it could help but any road map will help you much further than this one.0Comment|Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuseCommentInsert product linkPaste the product's web address below:Product not found. Only products offered on Amazon can be linked.SelectWhat's this?What are product links?In the text of your review, you can link directly to any product offered on Amazon.com. To insert a product link, follow these steps:1. Find the product you want to reference on Amazon.com2. Copy the web address of the product3. Click Insert product link4. Paste the web address in the box5. Click Select6. Selecting the item displayed will insert text that looks like this: [[ASIN:014312854XHamlet (The Pelican Shakespeare)]]
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BBB Business Profile | Paradox Access Solutions Inc | Accreditation
Home > Alberta > St Albert > Ecological Services > Paradox Access Solutions Inc
Paradox Access Solutions Inc
(780) 418-1955
100-340 Circle Drive
St Albert, AB T8N 7L5
(780) 418-2259
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Business Incorporated: 12/09/2004 in AB
Marc Breault, President/Owner
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−*African Americans typically maintained separate burial grounds. {{Main|Virginia African Americans}} +The earliest tomb in Virginia with a legible inscription is that of Mrs. Alice Jordan, who died in 1650 in [[Surry County, Virginia|Surry County, Virginia]] at Four Mile Tree Plantation on the James River.<ref>(1) "The Oldest Tombstone," ''The William and Mary Quarterly,'' Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jan. 1896):195-197. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1914961 JSTOR] - free; (2) Robert A. Lancaster, ''Historic Virginia Homes and Churches'' (Philadelphia and London: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1915), 58. Digital version at [http://archive.org/stream/historicvirginia00lanc#page/58/mode/2up Internet Archive] - free.</ref> −*Hogg, Anne M., and Dennis A. Tosh. ''Virginia Cemeteries: A Guide to Resources''. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia, 1986. (Family History Library book {{FHL|450242|title-id|disp=975.5 V34v}}.) Lists sources of information on cemeteries, their name, and location. Arranged by county. A list of Virginia cemeteries.+African Americans typically maintained separate burial grounds.{{Main|Virginia African Americans}} −*The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Family History Library. ''Index to United States Cemeteries''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1988. (Family History Library films {{FHL|613269|title-id|disp=1206468-94}}.) Film {{FHL|613269|title-id|disp=1206492}} includes Virginia and Washington. A county-by-county list of cemetery record transcripts available at the Family History Library.+Hogg, Anne M., and Dennis A. Tosh. ''Virginia Cemeteries: A Guide to Resources''. (Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia, 1986.) {{FHL|450242|item|disp=FHL book 975.5 V34v}} Lists sources of information on cemeteries, their name, and location. Arranged by county. A list of Virginia cemeteries. −*The Family History Library has copies of many {{FHL|338740|subject_id|disp= cemetery records}} from [[Virginia]]. This includes the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) Genealogical Collection of tombstone inscriptions. Additional tombstone inscriptions have been published in the magazines mentioned in the [[Virginia Periodicals]] section+The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Family History Library. ''Index to United States Cemeteries''. (Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1988.) {{FHL|613269|item|disp=FHL film 1206468-94, 1206492}} Includes Virginia and Washington. A county-by-county list of cemetery record transcripts available at the Family History Library. −*{{RecordSearch|1386587|Virginia, Danville City Cemetery Records}} Online in FamilySearch Historical Records.+ +The Family History Library has copies of many {{FHL|338740|subject_id|disp= cemetery records}} from [[Virginia]]. This includes the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) Genealogical Collection of tombstone inscriptions. Additional tombstone inscriptions have been published in the magazines mentioned in the [[Virginia Periodicals]] section + +{{RecordSearch|1386587|Virginia, Danville City Cemetery Records}} Online in FamilySearch Historical Records. *To access cemetery records available through the Family History Library, use the Place-names Search in the Family History Library Catalog for: *To access cemetery records available through the Family History Library, use the Place-names Search in the Family History Library Catalog for:
−VIRGINIA - CEMETERIES +:*VIRGINIA - CEMETERIES +:*[https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Category:Cemeteries_in_Virginia VIRGINIA, [COUNTY,  - CEMETERIES]] +:*VIRGINIA, [COUNTY], [TOWN] - CEMETERIES +:*[https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Category:Cemeteries_in_Virginia VIRGINIA, [INDEPENDENT CITY - CEMETERIES]]
−VIRGINIA, [COUNTY] - CEMETERIES +
 −VIRGINIA, [COUNTY], [TOWN] - CEMETERIES +
 −VIRGINIA, [INDEPENDENT CITY] - CEMETERIES +[[Image:Virginiatomb.jpg|left|500px|Virginiatomb.jpg]] == Web Sites == == Web Sites ==

value: This website is a nonprofit organization and website offering genealogical records, education, and software. It is operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , and is closely connected with the church's Family History Department.


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NICE Clean SWAN-CROMALIN STAINLESS STEEL Wikka Ware JUG & BOWL SET | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hello -User-.'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hello (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch ListWish ListAll ListsPurchase HistorySellingMy CollectionsFollowed SearchesMessagesCollect & Spend Learn moreNotification Back to home page
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NICE Clean SWAN-CROMALIN STAINLESS STEEL Wikka Ware JUG & BOWL SET
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BBC News - US heatwave: New record temperatures
US heatwave: New record temperatures
Last updated at 07:29 ET Help	Temperatures have reached as high as 40 degrees centigrade, as a heatwave sweeps across 22 US states. The heat is being blamed for the deaths of at least 30 people, some of whom died after power cuts left them without air conditioning. Rajesh Mirchandani reports from Washington DC.
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Program Do Automatyczne Ustawienia Chrome | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAntiquesArtBabyBooksBusiness & IndustrialCameras & PhotoCell Phones & AccessoriesClothing, Shoes & AccessoriesCoins & Paper MoneyCollectiblesComputers/Tablets & NetworkingConsumer ElectronicsCraftsDolls & BearsDVDs & MovieseBay MotorsEntertainment MemorabiliaGift Cards & CouponsHealth & BeautyHome & GardenJewelry & WatchesMusicMusical Instruments & GearPet SuppliesPottery & GlassReal EstateSpecialty ServicesSporting GoodsSports Mem, Cards & Fan ShopStampsTickets & ExperiencesToys & HobbiesTravelVideo Games & ConsolesEverything ElseAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi -User-!'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsGift CardsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch listWish listAll listsPurchase historySellingMy CollectionsFollowed searchesMessagesNotification Refine your search for Program Do Automatyczne Ustawienia Chrome
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Steven McDonald (1957 - 2017) | Legacy.com
HomeNewsNotable DeathsSteven McDonald (1957 - 2017)
Michael Steward / WireImage / Getty Images
We invite you to share condolences for Steven McDonald in our Guest Book.

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Patent US4141548 - Game apparatus for use in conjunction with the viewing of a spectator's sport - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA spectator participation game apparatus for use in conjunction with the observance of a program or sporting event such as a football game in which one or more observers on separate game apparatuses try to predict the type of "play" or occurrence which will next ensue, as well as predicting separately...http://www.google.com/patents/US4141548?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4141548 - Game apparatus for use in conjunction with the viewing of a spectator's sportAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4141548 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/869,526Publication dateFeb 27, 1979Filing dateJan 16, 1978Priority dateJan 16, 1978Publication number05869526, 869526, US 4141548 A, US 4141548A, US-A-4141548, US4141548 A, US4141548AInventorsIrving M. EvertonOriginal AssigneeEverton Irving MExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (19), Referenced by (125), Classifications (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetGame apparatus for use in conjunction with the viewing of a spectator's sport
11. The electronic game according to claim 9 wherein said electrical circuit includes a locking circuit between said control panel and each of said prediction panels, whereby the predictions on said prediction panels may be locked and uncha

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Car review: Porsche 911 Carrera S | Technology | The Guardian
Modern classic: the iconic silhouette of the Porsche
911 is still instantly recognisable after almost half
a century. Photograph: Observer
Price £81,242MPG 29.7Top speed 188mph
It struck a bittersweet chord that the week I found myself behind the wheel of the new 911 Carrera S – a car that can lay reasonable claim to being the most complete sportscar the world has ever seen – was the same week Ferdinand "Butzi" Porsche died. He was the engineer who, while still in his 20s, sketched the classic shape of the 911 – a double bubble of elegance and functionality that has remained unchanged for 45 years.
Porsche drivers often get it in the neck for being mindless morons – and yes, true to form, in my week in the 911, two fellow road users felt compelled to jerk their clenched fist at me in that internationally understood gesture – perhaps it should be called the "porker salute". Either way, as I effortlessly accelerated away from the second of these "admirers", I couldn't help wonder whether anyone ever made the same abusive signal at Butzi as he sat at the wheel of the car he created. I bet he loved it when they did…
Anyway, this latest Butzi beauty looks much the same as the last one, obviously, but beneath its sleek hide there are a few fundamental changes. It's lighter, quicker and greener. Yes, greener! Who'd ever have thought you could say that about a Porsche. This 911 comes with stop/start technology, deceleration battery charging and a coast-at-idle function, all of which help pinch the petrol. But don't think Porsche has lost sight of the fact that hedonism is at its core. There's a "noise" button on the console that proves this. Press it and the engine sounds louder. It's a switchable exhaust system, which means you can drive your car without vibrating the neighbours' windows. When you buy a 911 it comes with the system set in the mute position, but many new owners reconfigure it so that the engine is always grunting and snarling at full volume, until you hit the muffler. I think this tells you everything you probably don't want to know about Porsche owners.
The 911 has also radically overhauled its steering – moving from hydraulic power to electric power. Road feel is fundamental to driving pleasure and the 911 has always boasted the most absorbing of drives. A wrong step here would have been like Coca-Cola messing with its secret recipe. But worry not, you won't detect any difference, the steering still communicates with all the immediacy of a megaphone.
The car still features the marque's multi-award winning dual-clutch gearbox, which comes boasts an automatic or a paddle-shift manual. The manual also now comes with something unexpected – a whole extra gear: seventh. It must be inflation. I can remember my grandfather's green Ford Consul only had three gears – which he changed with a lever on the steering column. Seventh seems a little over the top, even if it is being marketed as an "economy cruising gear". The strange thing is that the 394bhp 3.8-litre engine is so flexible, so responsive and accommodating, that you can pretty much do everything in third.
Driving a 911 – noise button on or off – is one of motoring's most sublime pleasures. But almost everything else about a Porsche is annoying. It's impossible to get out of, the back seats are crap, the boot is pitiful, you feel sick as a passenger and you feel like dying if you are in the back… But, and it must be the biggest but in the automotive firmament, we wouldn't have it any other way. Thanks, Butzi.
If you are a bike lover with a passion for speed – or there's a person in your life who is (hint, hint Father's Day is just round the corner) – then you'll be on the edge of your seat at the prospect of Fastest. Narrated by Ewan McGregor, it's a full-length documentary feature about the MotoGP Championship which is released on DVD on 11 June from Universal Pictures.
Directed by Mark Neale through breathtaking camerawork, this maximum-speed doc captures the intense and heart-pounding reality of the MotoGP Championship. It's shot around the world in 2010 and 2011 and follows the legendary Valentino Rossi as he chases his eighth world title. If you've ever wondered what it would be like to race MotoGP this is as close as you'll get. The word's heart-in-mouth don't do it justice…

value: This website is a British news and media website owned by the Guardian Media Group. It contains nearly all of the content of the newspapers The Guardian and The Observer, as well as a substantial body of web-only work produced by its own staff, including a rolling news service.


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Army overrules inquiry faulting officers in Wanat ambush
NEWS | LOCAL | POLITICS | SPORTS | OPINIONS | BUSINESS | ARTS & LIVING | GOING OUT GUIDE | JOBS | CARS | REAL ESTATE |SHOPPING Army overrules inquiry faulting officers in Wanat ambush
The Army has overruled a military investigator who found that command failures on the part of three Army officers contributed to one of the deadliest ambushes of the Afghan war. The ruling drew a swift rebuke from a U.S. senator and from relatives of the nine soldiers slain in the attack.
The soldiers were killed in the village of Wanat when more than 200 Taliban fighters attacked their fledgling base. Last year, amid pressure from lawmakers and the families of the deceased, Gen. David H. Petraeus, the head of U.S. Central Command, ordered a new investigation into the conduct of officers overseeing the operation.
The initial inquiry by Marine Lt. Gen. Richard Natonski concluded that the brigade, battalion and company commanders had overextended their force and did not provide enough support for the troops to defend themselves in the austere terrain. Petraeus approved Natonski's findings.
But Gen. Charles C. Campbell, whose command was formally charged with sending out letters of reprimand, decided not to take action against the officers after reviewing Natonski's 4,000-page report and discussing it with the officers.
The Army's decision, announced Wednesday, prompted Sen. James Webb (D-Va.), who had pressed for the initial investigation, to issue a blistering statement.
"Centcom conducted an intensive, three month independent investigation, which concluded that the company, battalion and brigade commanders were 'derelict in the performance of their duties through neglect or culpable inefficiency,' " he said. "I find it deeply troubling that the Army has exonerated these officers and in the process rejected the findings of the independent review."
Natonski initially briefed the family members of the deceased on his recommendation that the officers be disciplined. He then left the room and Campbell, the Army general, told the family members that he had decided to take no action against the officers.
"Right now, as far as I am concerned, the Army's credibility is nonexistent," said retired Army Col. David Brostrom, whose son Jonathan was killed at Wanat when he and another soldier sprinted into enemy fire in an effort to repel the Taliban attack. Brostrom spent three decades in the Army as a helicopter pilot.
He said he found it cruel of the Army to have Natonski brief the relatives on his findings, only to have Campbell overturn them minutes later. "Why would you do that to people?" he said.
Natonski, who initially found the officers at fault, served as a commander in Fallujah, Iraq. Campbell has not led troops in Iraq or Afghanistan in the past decade. In a written memorandum explaining his actions, he said he drew on his experiences as a young soldier in Vietnam.
Brostrom said many of the family members cried as Campbell explained that he had decided to overrule Natonski's initial findings. "My opinion of the Army is pretty low," Brostrom said.

value: This website is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most-widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area, and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia.


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Journee Collection Coppertone Steel Cubic Zirconia Heart Ring - Free Shipping On Orders Over $45 - Overstock.com - 14287903
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Patent US7531869 - Lanthanum aluminum oxynitride dielectric films - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsElectronic apparatus and methods of forming the electronic apparatus include a lanthanum aluminum oxynitride film on a substrate for use in a variety of electronic systems. The lanthanum aluminum oxynitride film may be structured as one or more monolayers....http://www.google.com/patents/US7531869?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7531869 - Lanthanum aluminum oxynitride dielectric filmsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7531869 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/566,038Publication dateMay 12, 2009Filing dateDec 1, 2006Priority dateAug 31, 2005Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS7410910, US20070048926, US20070090440Publication number11566038, 566038, US 7531869 B2, US 7531869B2, US-B2-7531869, US7531869 B2, US7531869B2InventorsKie Y. Ahn, Leonard ForbesOriginal AssigneeMicron Technology, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (129), Non-Patent Citations (44), Referenced by (41), Classifications (17), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetLanthanum aluminum oxynitride dielectric films
4. The electronic device of claim 1


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A Super Snake was at the local movie theater a few days ago. : Mustangjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | television-LifeProTips-news-books-science-videos-Fitness-nottheonion-WritingPrompts-history-Music-philosophy-EarthPorn-sports-Jokes-UpliftingNews-askscience-DIY-Showerthoughts-gifs-Documentaries-gaming-pics-AskReddit-OldSchoolCool-aww-Art-personalfinance-food-space-tifu-listentothis-funny-gadgets-IAmA-nosleep-creepy-InternetIsBeautiful-mildlyinteresting-dataisbeautiful-Futurology-TwoXChromosomes-todayilearned-worldnews-GetMotivated-photoshopbattles-explainlikeimfive-moviesmore » Mustangcommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/Mustanguse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 21 Jul 201334 points (86% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a link or textSubmit a new text postMustangsubscribeunsubscribe10,094 readers~11 users here nowClassic Theme
a community for 5 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSchickenwingsurprisefericyde2011GT500+2000GTCoyoteSwap ConvertibleSecureFreak2003 Black GT Verthokiebird'05 4.0 V6, '69 Coupe 302-2vnacho933035.4 Swap 01 GT333435A Super Snake was at the local movie theater a few days ago. (imgur.com)submitted 1 year ago by UNCTillDeath3 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...all 3 commentssorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandom[–]mlcollins33 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onNorth Hills, Raleigh, NC
permalink[–]UNCTillDeath[S] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onStalker.
permalinkparent[–]mlcollins33 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI worked at the Harris teeter across the street. Sadly I missed this opportunity. permalinkparentaboutblogaboutteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpwikiFAQreddiquetterulescontact ustoolsmobilefirefox extensionchrome extensionbuttonswidget<3reddit goldstoreredditgiftsreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement {Genitive} and Privacy Policy {Genitive}. © 2014 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.close this windowyou'll need to login or register to do thatcreate a new accountall it takes is a username and passwordprivacy philosophy
username:try anotheravailable!account recovery email: (optional)we only send email at your requestpassword:verify password:remember mecreate accountis it really that easy? only one way to find out...loginalready have an account and just want to login?username:password:remember merecover passwordloginclose this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 29455 on app-76 at 2014-08-22 09:17:55.737913+00:00 running b5552ef country code: US.

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4.0 out of 5 stars Short read, 11 Mar 2014
Very good story, well written, lot crammed in just a few pages.Even so it was very enjoyable to read.I would recommend this book to all.
5.0 out of 5 stars Beautiful story, 11 Mar 2014
I read this book in one sitting. I just couldn't put it down, I am not normally a romance person but this story combines romance with a haunted mystery., a hidden room left just as it would have been over a hundred years, I will not say what was in the room, I don't want to spoil the book for you. Highly Recommended
Mr. Zee Comes Home: The Extraordinary True Story of a Beloved Pet's Many Return Visits From The Afterlife.
5.0 out of 5 stars Mr zee, 10 Mar 2014
This review is from: Mr. Zee Comes Home: The Extraordinary True Story of a Beloved Pet's Many Return Visits From The Afterlife. (Kindle Edition)
I read this book in one sitting. I found it very thought provoking. It is more of a story of a cat and is life with its owner. There is a long introduction to this book but once you get passed that the real story begins. Cat lovers will enjoy this. Will you become a believer ??? Recommended read.
The birthday party by Timothy Jones
4.0 out of 5 stars What a birthday party, 10 Mar 2014
This review is from: The birthday party by Timothy Jones (Kindle Edition)
This book is more for teenagers than adults, not scary or frightening just unbelievable and funny. Short story. I would recommend this book, only takes a short amount of time to read.
5.0 out of 5 stars Gripping read, 7 Mar 2014
This review is from: Ghost-in-Law Boxset (Kindle Edition)
What can I say except that I love reading Jana Deleon. A refreshing change, murder mystery wit and suspense until the very end. Thoroughly enjoyable read. I read the first one which was a freebie enjoyed it so much I bought the set.Highly Recommended read.
5.0 out of 5 stars Unusual murder, 5 Mar 2014
I read this book in one sitting. Up to the authors excellent standard, though it did come to an abrupt end which sometimes happens with short stories. Recommended book for readers who don't like swearing or romance. Will now get on with my next book by this author.
4.0 out of 5 stars Well known prison escapes, 4 Mar 2014
This review is from: Breakout - The Great Prison Escapes - Alcatraz, Billy the Kid, John Dillinger, Bundy, Biggs and the Great Train Robbery, Texas Seven, Blake, Hinds, Sheppard, Ramensky, Billy Hayes, Dengler (Kindle Edition)
I have heard most of the escapees in this book, very basic information no glossing over things. Written well worth the read good book for tea break or if you have few minutes to spare.Recommended for people who just want minimal information.
4.0 out of 5 stars Very very short, 3 Mar 2014
This review is from: A Haunting at Winchester Grove Mansion (Kindle Edition)
This only took minutes to read even so it bought a smile to my face it is so unbelievable. Recommended short short read.
5.0 out of 5 stars Fantastic love it love love it, 3 Mar 2014
This author writes perfect, this book is funny witty an flows beautifully. I adore every one of the characters. I will be reading a lot more from this author. Well done Jana Deleon keep them coming. Can't wait to start the next one. Very Highly recommended.
5.0 out of 5 stars One of life's lessons, 2 Mar 2014


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Kjetil Ask - Semantic Scholar
Sign inKjetil AskShare92 CitationsCitations Per YearFlorian Länger2Martin RJ Kolb2Gaile L. Cruz2Ulrich A Maus2Rachel E. Carlisle23Martin RJ Kolb3Gaile L. Cruz3Jeffrey G. Dickhout2Zahraa Mohammed-Ali2Rachel E. CarlisleFilter Results:Publication Year20082016Publication TypeCo-authorKey PhrasePublication VenueSort by:Highly Influential CitationsCitationsAccelerationVelocityRecencyLearn MoreComparison between conventional and "clinical" assessment of experimental lung fibrosisKjetil Ask, Renee Labiris, Laszlo Farkas, Antje Moeller, Aaron Froese, Troy Farncombe +4 othersJournal of translational medicine2008BACKGROUND
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a treatment resistant disease with poor prognosis. Numerous compounds have been demonstrated to efficiently prevent pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in animal models but only a few were successful when given to animals with established fibrosis. Major concerns of current PF models are spontaneous resolution and high… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...4-Phenylbutyrate Inhibits Tunicamycin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via CHOP/GADD153 RepressionRachel E. Carlisle, Elise Brimble, Kaitlyn E. Werner, Gaile L. Cruz, Kjetil Ask, Alistair J. Ingram +1 otherPloS one2014Different forms of acute kidney injury (AKI) have been associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; these include AKI caused by acetaminophen, antibiotics, cisplatin, and radiocontrast. Tunicamycin (TM) is a nucleoside antibiotic known to induce ER stress and is a commonly used inducer of AKI. 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) is an FDA approved substance used… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...Micro-computed tomography of pulmonary fibrosis in mice induced by adenoviral gene transfer of biologically active transforming growth factor-β1Thomas Rodt, Christian von Falck, Sabine Dettmer, Roman Halter, Regina Maus, Kjetil Ask +8 othersRespiratory research2010BACKGROUND
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a novel tool for monitoring acute and chronic disease states in small laboratory animals. Its value for assessing progressive lung fibrosis in mice has not been reported so far. Here we examined the importance of in vivo micro-CT as non-invasive tool to assess progression of pulmonary fibrosis in mice over… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...Characterization of Proliferating Lesion‐Resident Cells During All Stages of Atherosclerotic GrowthŠárka Lhoták, Gabriel Gyulay, Jean‐Claude Cutz, Ali Al‐Hashimi, Bernardo L. Trigatti, Carl D. Richards +5 othersJournal of the American Heart Association2016BACKGROUND
Monocyte recruitment leads to accumulation of macrophage foam cells and contributes to atherosclerotic lesion growth. Recent studies have reported that lesion-resident macrophages can proliferate and represent a major cellular component during lesion development. This study was designed to assess whether the rate of macrophage proliferation… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...Development of a Model of Chronic Kidney Disease in the C57BL/6 Mouse with Properties of Progressive Human CKDZahraa Mohammed-Ali, Gaile L. Cruz, Chao Lu, Rachel E. Carlisle, Kaitlyn E. Werner, Kjetil Ask +1 otherBioMed research international2015Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major healthcare problem with increasing prevalence in the population. CKD leads to end stage renal disease and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. As such, it is important to study the mechanisms underlying CKD progression. To this end, an animal model was developed to allow the testing of new treatment… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...‹1›The Allen Institute for Artificial IntelligenceProudly built by AI2 with the help of our Collaborators using these Sources.Terms of Service•Privacy Policy.


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2 bedroom terraced house for sale in Roundelwood, Alloa, FK10
www.rightmove.co.uk/property/44788440
Lorraine Cramb of RE/MAX Alloa introduces onto the market this two bedroomed mid terraced house situated in the popular area of Roundelwood. The property is in need of some modernisation but will make a super first time buyers home.The accommodation consists of sitting room, dining room, kitchen, two bedrooms, bathroom and garden.
Sauchie provides many local amenities, including a Post Office, supermarket and a variety of local shops. There are a wide variety of Educational facilities such as nurseries, primary schools, and being in the catchment area for Craigbank primary. The county college is also close by. Sauchie also boasts many recreational facilities including Schawpark golf club, a fitness centre and Gartmorn Dam with many picturesque footpaths throughout the area. Sauchie is also close to the road/rail network providing easy access throughout the Central belt and onto the larger cities of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Perth.
To view this media, please visit the on-line version of this page at www.rightmove.co.uk/property-for-sale/property-44788440.html
Disclaimer - Property reference 6831102. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by RE/MAX Impact, Alloa. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.
10 Apr 2017 28 Roundelwood, FK10 £85,000
14 Feb 2017 43 Roundelwood, FK10 £73,000

value: This website is a UK-based company that runs rightmove.co.uk, the UK's largest online real estate portal and property website. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.


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Intertape AC36 DUCTape Contractor Grade Duct Tape - Walmart.com
6 other sellers from $14.20
Electrode, Comp-166164238, DC-prod-dal1, ENV-prod-a, PROF-PROD, VER-19.40.5, SHA-0ee6fbfd4a93037d28a6775789ab7ba60e07b216, CID-1e0679fd-eec-15fe6bf0bfac37,1e0679fd-eec-15fe6bf0bfadbb,1e0679fd-eec-15fe6bf0bfadbb
Electrode, Comp-156653112, DC-prod-dal1, ENV-prod-a, PROF-PROD, VER-19.40.5, SHA-0ee6fbfd4a93037d28a6775789ab7ba60e07b216, CID-e13eced8-6e3-15fe6bf0bff8ed,e13eced8-6e3-15fe6bf0bff5c8,e13eced8-6e3-15fe6bf0bff5c8


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Pervasive Information Architecture: Designing Cross-Channel User Experiences eBook: Andrea Resmini, Luca Rosati: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store
Kindle StoreBuy A KindleKindle BooksKindle SinglesKindle Daily DealsNewsstandAccessoriesRefurbished KindleDiscussionsManage Your KindleKindle Support Start reading Pervasive Information Architecture on your Kindle in under a minute. Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here or start reading now with a free Kindle Reading App.
Pervasive Information Architecture: Designing Cross-Channel User Experiences [Kindle Edition]
Andrea Resmini (Author), Luca Rosati (Author)
B0074KA0A4,B004VFUOI8,B0043D2E68,B006GFZ2IS,B007N4WU6S,B004JLMDOC,B005D24Q3W,B00ADVVHSK,B0089LOIXM,B006FG1HIW
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann; 1 edition (23 Mar 2011)
ASIN: B004W7D2T8
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: #99,069 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
#64 in Kindle Store > Books > Computing > Graphic Design
In cross-channel, a single service is spread across multiple channels in such a way that it can be experienced as a whole (if ever) only by polling a number of different environments and media.
it is preferable to sacrifice local details and local precision for a better global experience than it is to do vice versa, as local imprecision might become global precision.
the distance between one hodological area or region and another is not the shortest path but �the path of least effort
4.0 out of 5 stars (8) �14.87
Smart Things: Ubiquitous Computing User Experie... by Mike Kuniavsky
5.0 out of 5 stars (1) �18.69
4.5 out of 5 stars (10) �9.49
3.0 out of 5 stars (2) �6.45
The Accidental Taxonomist (The Accidental Libra... by Heather Hedden
4.0 out of 5 stars (1) �23.09


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Patent US6408981 - Extruded monolithic foam earplug - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA monolithic earplug being compressible or deformable. The earplug is fabricated from an extruded, elastomeric thermoplastic in order that it may be rapidly and efficiently produced, and then the extrudate is cut at the die face, as it emerges therefrom, into discrete pieces to form earplugs having convex...http://www.google.com/patents/US6408981?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6408981 - Extruded monolithic foam earplugAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6408981 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/670,678Publication dateJun 25, 2002Filing dateSep 27, 2000Priority dateSep 27, 2000Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA2423598A1, EP1322456A1, WO2002026465A1Publication number09670678, 670678, US 6408981 B1, US 6408981B1, US-B1-6408981, US6408981 B1, US6408981B1InventorsJames C. Smith, Gary L. WoodOriginal AssigneeSaint-Gobain Performance Plastics CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (20), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (23), Classifications (23), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetExtruded monolithic foam earplugUS 6408981 B1Abstract A monolithic earplug being compressible or deformable. The earplug is fabricated from an extruded, elastomeric thermoplastic in order that it may be rapidly and efficiently produced, and then the extrudate is cut at the die face, as it emerges therefrom, into discrete pieces to form earplugs having convex end portions and a skin extending over its entire outer surface.
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is: 1. A method of fabricating an earplug, comprising the steps of:
a) using an extruder having a die to extrude a monolithic body of foamed elastomeric thermoplastic material about 10 to 20 millimeters in diameter; and b) at least partially cutting the body into discrete pieces about 10-35 millimeters in length to form individual earplugs; wherein the monolithic body has a density within a range of about 2 to 20 pcf (32 to 320 kg/m3). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said cutting step comprises cutting the body at a 90 degree angle to a longitudinal axis of the body.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said cutting step is performed after cooling and expansion of the body, to form substantially planar ends on said discrete pieces.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein said cutting step further comprises forming convex end surfaces by cutting the extrudate as it emerges therefrom, prior to substantially complete cooling and expansion, wherein a convex, skinned surface is formed at the ends of the pieces as the extrudate expands and cools.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of forming a protective skin over the body.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said cutting step further comprises cutting the body proximate the die face as it emerges therefrom, prior to substantial expansion and cooling thereof, wherein a skin is formed at the ends of the pieces.
7. A monolithic earplug formed by the method of claim 1.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the monolithic body has a density of about 6 to 12 pcf (96 to 192 kg/m3).
9. A method of fabricating an earplug, comprising the steps of:
a) using an extruder having a die to extrude a monolithic body of foamed elastomeric thermoplastic material about 10 to 20 millimeters in diameter; and b) at least partially cutting the body into discrete pieces about 10-35 millimeters in length to form individual earplugs; wherein said monolithic body has a rate of recovery from compression to about 20 percent of its initial volume, and from compression under a 5 pound weight for 6 seconds, sufficient to recover about 90 percent or less of its initial volume in 45 seconds. 10. A method of fabricating an earplug, comprising the steps of:
a) using an extruder having a die to extrude a monolithic body of foamed elastomeric thermoplastic material about 10 to 20 millimeters in diameter; and b) at least partially cutting the body into discrete pieces about 10-35 millimeters in length to form individual earplugs; wherein said step of using an extruder further comprises extruding an extrudable material having a rate of recovery from being compressed under a 5 pound weight for 6 seconds, sufficient to recover about 90 percent or more of its initial volume in 90 seconds. 11. A method of fabricating an earplug, comprising the steps of:
a) using an extruder having a die to extrude a monolithic body of foamed elastomeric thermoplastic material about 10 to 20 millimeters in diameter; and b) at least partially cutting the body into discrete pieces about 10-35 millimeters in length to form individual earplugs; wherein the elastomeric thermoplastic material includes: 95-105 parts by weight PVC resin; 60 to 140 parts by weight plasticizer; 5 to 30 parts by weight acrylic processing aid; 0.1 to 20 parts by weight nucleator; 0.5 to 10 parts by weight stabilizer; 0 to 5 parts by weight external lubricant; and 0 to 1 part by weight dry flow promoter. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermoplastic elastomeric material comprises:
100 parts by weight PVC resin; 80 parts by weight plasticizer; 7 parts by weight epoxidized soybean oil; 11 parts by weight acrylic processing aid; 6 parts by weight nucleator; 2.5 parts by weight stabilizer; 0.5 parts by weight external lubricant. 13. An earplug sized and shaped for being received in the human ear canal, the earplug comprising:
an extruded monolithic body of foamed elastomeric thermoplastic material about 5 to 20 millimeters in diameter having a length of about 10-35 millimeters; said earplug having a rate of recovery from 80 percent compression sufficient to recover about 90 percent or less of its initial volume in about 45 seconds. 14. The monolithic earplug of claim 13, having a rate of recovery wherein after being compressed under a 5 pound weight for 6 seconds, the earplug recovers about 90 percent or more of its initial volume in about 90 seconds.
15. A monolithic earplug formed by the process of:
disposing a PVC-based material within an extruder under heat and pressure; incorporating a blowing agent into the material; extruding the material in a longitudinal direction from a die into an ambient environment wherein the blowing agent foams the extrudate, the extrudate having a transverse cross-sectional dimension of about 10 to 20 millimeters; cutting the extrudate at a 90 degree angle to the longitudinal direction as the extrudate emerges from the die and prior to substantially complete cooling and expansion thereof, wherein a convex, skinned surface is formed at the cut ends as the extrudate expands and cools to form a monolithic earplug having a density of about 6 to about 12 pcf (96 to about 192 kg/m3), and a rate of recovery from 80 percent compression sufficient to recover about 90 percent or less of its initial volume in 45 seconds, and after being compressed under a 5 pound weight for 6 seconds, to recover about 90 percent or more of its initial volume in 90 seconds. 16. An earplug sized and shaped for being received in the human ear canal, the earplug comprising:
an extruded monolithic body of foamed elastomeric thermoplastic material about 5 to 20 millimeters in diameter having a length of about 10-35 millimeters; said earplug having a density between about 2 and 20 pcf (32 to 320 kg/m3). 17. The earplug of claim 16, having a substantially continuous outer skin.
18. The earplug of claim 16, wherein said body has a substantially cylindrical outer surface along at least a majority of its length.
19. The earplug of claim 16, wherein said monolithic body has a cross-sectional diameter of about 10 to 20 millimeters.
20. The earplug of claim 19, wherein said body has a substantially consistent cross-sectional diameter throughout its length.
21. The earplug of claim 16, having a density of between about 6 to 12 pcf (96 to 192 kg/m3).
22. The earplug of claim 16, being formed of a cellular elastomeric thermoplastic material.
23. The earplug of claim 16, further comprising a continuous skin about the outer surface and end portions of said monolithic body.
24. The earplug of claim 23, wherein said end portions are substantially convex.
25. The earplug of claim 23, wherein said continuous skin is formed over said end portions by cutting said body proximate a die face as it emerges therefrom, prior to substantial expansion and cooling thereof, said continuous skin being formed as said thermoplastic material continues to expand and cool.
26. An earplug sized and shaped for being received in the human ear canal, the earplug comprising:
an extruded monolithic body of foamed elastomeric thermoplastic material about 5 to 20 millimeters in diameter having a length of about 10-35 millimeters; said earplug further comprising a pigment. Description
This invention relates to extruded earplugs for dampening airborne sound, and a method for producing such earplugs.
Earplugs designed to be inserted into a person's ear canals to dampen sound and prevent the entry of foreign matter are known in the art. Historically, these earplugs were manufactured from fibrous materials such as cotton. In more recent times, earplugs have been produced from polymer based materials, which tend to be more durable than the fibrous materials formerly used. One conventional method for making polymer-based earplugs is by die cutting plugs from sheets of cellular material such as vinyl or polyurethane foam. Such die cut plugs are usually cylindrically shaped in order that the earplugs can readily conform to the shape of a human ear canal. As a result, the amount of material waste in die cut plug production tends to be great (i.e., on the order of � of the foam web material) because the web between cut cylindrical earplugs cannot be used. The material used is often not recyclable, therefore, disposal of the waste material can represent a significant manufacturing expense. In addition, earplugs produced by this method have cut cells along their cylindrical surfaces. As a result, they have a rough surface which can be uncomfortable to the wearer and harbor dirt. These earplugs can also be difficult to insert into a wearer's ear canals because they tend to lack longitudinal rigidity.
Another method for producing polymer-based earplugs is by molding them to the desired shape. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,774,938 and 3,872,559, both to Leight, disclose earplugs molded from polymer-based materials. Molded earplugs can be manufactured so that they are specially shaped and covered by a protective skin, enhancing their comfort and fit. However, the process of molding earplugs tends to be slower and more capital intensive than die cutting due to the large number of molds required. In addition, molded earplugs may be relatively difficult to insert into a user's ears due to the fact that the polymer materials from which they are manufactured tend to lack longitudinal rigidity.
Attempts have been made to provide earplugs having sufficient longitudinal rigidity to allow them to be easily inserted into the ears and sufficient compressibility to allow snug yet comfortable wearer fit. For example, multi-component earplugs having a compressible element and a more rigid element are taught by U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,123 to Gardner, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,794 to Leight. Because the rigid and compressible elements of those earplugs must be individually manufactured and then joined together, their production processes tend to be slower and more costly than those for die cut earplugs.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,573,015 to Williams attempts to overcome some of the aforementioned drawbacks through the provision of a composite extruded earplug having a relatively soft sheath component surrounding a relatively rigid core component. The core component is provided to improve the longitudinal stiffness of the earplug, while the sheath component provides resiliency and user comfort. The composite aspect of this device, however, tends to disadvantageously complicate and/or increase the cost of the earplug. The thermoplastic elastomer of Williams' device also tends to be disadvantageously expensive. In addition, the relatively stiff core may impinge on a user's ear canal during insertion to cause user discomfort. Such a device also may be difficult to sufficiently compress for easy insertion into the user's ear canal.
Thus, a need exists for a readily manufacturable and inexpensive sound dampening earplug providing the requisite compressibility for easy ear insertion, along with comfortable fit.
SUMMARY According to the present invention, a method is provided for fabricating an earplug. The method includes using an extruder having a die to extrude a monolithic body of foamed elastomeric thermoplastic material about 10 to 20 millimeters in diameter. The extrudate is then cut into discrete pieces about 10-35 millimeters in length to form individual earplugs.
In another aspect of the invention, an earplug sized and shaped for being received in the human ear canal is provided. The earplug includes an extruded monolithic body of foamed elastomeric thermoplastic material about 10 to 20 millimeters in diameter having a length of about 10-35 millimeters.
A further aspect of the present invention includes a monolithic earplug formed by the process of disposing a PVC-based material within an extruder under heat and pressure and incorporating a blowing agent into the material. The material is then extruded in a longitudinal direction from a die into an ambient environment wherein the blowing agent foams the extrudate, the extrudate having a transverse cross-sectional dimension of about 10 to 20 millimeters. The extrudate is cut at a 90 degree angle to the longitudinal direction, as it emerges from the die, prior to substantially complete cooling and expansion thereof. A convex, skinned surface is then formed at the cut ends as the extrudate subsequently expands and cools to form a monolithic earplug. The earplug has a density of about 6 to 12 pcf (96 to 192 kg/m3) and a rate of recovery from 80 percent compression sufficient to recover about 90 percent or less of its initial transverse cross-sectional dimension in 45 seconds, and after being compressed under a 5 pound weight for 6 seconds, to recover about 90 percent or more of its initial transverse cross-sectional dimension in 90 seconds. The use of such inherently-formed convex surfaces tends to aid insertion of the earplugs, without requiring any additional shaping operations. Provision of a skin on the ends, as well as the sides, of the earplugs advantageously tends to enhance the ability of the plug to block sound and improves the cleanliness due to the substantial elimination of open cells.
The monolithic structure forming the earplug is preferably capable of being compressed or deformed by hand down to about 20-50% or less of its original diameter. The slow recovery from compression facilitates ear insertion, while the tendency to return to its original dimensions advantageously serves to achieve a snug fit within the wearer's ear.
FIG. 1 is a sectional environmental view of an earplug according to the present invention inserted in a wearer's ear;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an earplug according to an embodiment of the present invention having squared-off, planar end portions;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the earplug shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, as shown along line 3�3 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along line 4�4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the present invention having convex end portions;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an earplug according to an additional embodiment of the present invention having rounded shaped end portions;
FIG. 8 is a graphical comparison of sound attenuation test results of the earplugs of this invention relative to earplugs of this prior art; and
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a production apparatus for the earplugs in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the figures set forth in the accompanying Drawings, the illustrative embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail herein below. For clarity of exposition, like features shown in the accompanying Drawings shall be indicated with like reference numerals and similar features as shown in alternate embodiments in the Drawings shall be indicated with similar reference numerals.
Referring now to FIGS. 1-7, the present invention is directed to an earplug 10 designed to be inserted in a human ear canal for dampening airborne sound and protecting against the entry of foreign matter into the ear canal. The earplug 10 of the present invention comprises a monolithic body 14. The body 14 is sufficiently soft and flexible to provide a comfortable fit for the wearer. The earplug 10 is desirably compressible or deformable in order that it can be compressed and inserted into a wearer's ear canal. The earplug 10 also preferably includes an outer skin 18 (FIG. 3) that provides sufficient longitudinal rigidity to facilitate such insertion. The earplugs of the present invention advantageously generate less manufacturing waste than prior art foam casting and die cutting processes. The present invention is also simpler to manufacture and more comfortable to the user than prior art composite ear plugs. Moreover, the extruded earplugs provide the unexpected benefit of greater sound attenuation than earplugs of the prior art.
As shown, the body 14 preferably has a consistent cross-sectional diameter B. The body 14 is preferably made from a compressible or deformable material such as a low density thermoplastic polymer material. The material may be a solid or a cellular material. The material desirably has a slow recovery from compression or deformation. Particularly preferred are materials that recover substantially all of their initial volume at a relatively slow rate of recovery. For example, such suitable materials preferably have a rate of recovery sufficient to recover 90 percent or less of their initial volume within 40-45 seconds. These materials should also recover about 90 percent or more of their initial volume within about 90 seconds. These parameters are set forth in greater detail in NTP 67 SAF Compression Test and NTP 102 SAF Recovery Test, published in 1996 by Norton Performance Plastics Corporation, and which are fully incorporated by reference herein.
In addition to the foregoing rate of recovery parameters, in order that the earplug 10 can conform to the shape of a wearer's ear canal, it is preferable that the body material provides a structure that is compressible by hand to down to about 40 to 50% or less of its original diameter.
Preferred materials for forming the body 14 are low density thermoplastic materials such as PVC. Alternate materials that may be useful include thermoplastic elastomers such as thermoplastic Polyolefins/ethylene-propylene (PEP OR EPDM), thermoplastic block copolymers/styrene-butadiene (SBS) and styrene-isoprene (SIS), thermoplastic polyester, thermoplastic polyurethane (PU)/polyester/polyether, thermoplastic vulcanizates, melt processible rubbers, polyamide blocks, thermoplastic rubber, and viscoelastic polyurethane. Santoprene� thermoplastic rubber sold by Advanced Elastomer Systems may also be used. The material selected has a density sufficient to produce earplugs having densities ranging from about 2 to 20 pcf (32 to 320 kg/m3), or more preferably, within a range of from about 6 to 12 pcf (96 to 192 kg/m3).
When the body 14 is formed from a cellular material, the cells may be formed either by mechanical incorporation of gases such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide into the base polymer under pressure or by the incorporation of a chemical blowing agent, such as one generating CO2, into the polymer material. The chemical blowing agent is then activated, usually by heat, to form a cellular polymer material. The material may in either case be an open or closed cell material.
In a preferred embodiment, the primary ingredients used to fabricate the earplugs of the present invention, i.e., PVC and polymeric plasticizer, are used in substantially similar proportions as used to fabricate conventional die cut earplugs, so as to provide similar degrees of softness and slow, controlled recovery from compression. These properties are important for comfort and ease of insertion in the ear, i.e., to give the user enough time to insert the product into the ear in a compressed state and allow it to expand to create a contoured seal within the ear canal. A useful formulation for fabrication of earplugs 10, 10′, 10″ of the present invention is as follows:
1. 100 parts by weight of PVC resin. The resin should be of low or medium molecular weight i.e., within a range of 0.55 to 1.1 inherent viscosity (ASTM D1243), with low molecular weight, i.e., 0.85 or less, preferred, because this tends to give a more uniform cell-structure. The particle size and porosity of the resin should be in a range suitable for extrusion of plasticized product (as opposed to plastisol processing or rigid PVC products). A preferred material is OXY 200�, supplied by Oxy Vinyls, L. P. of Dallas, Tex.
2. 60 to 140 parts plasticizer (ADMEX 523� is one suitable example) to provide the slow recovery from compression. Other plasticizers, such as epoxidized soybean oil, can be blended with the ADMEX 523� Available from H�ls America of Piscataway, N.J. to increase recovery rate if use of the ADMEX 523� alone provides a recovery that is too slow.
3. Acrylic processing aid. This material provides melt strength, i.e., it allows the melt to be drawn down to thin membranes during the expansion. A useable range would be about 5 parts to 30 parts.
4. Nucleator. This is particulate material that helps to control cell size. Many types are usable and are effective at 0.1 part up to 20 parts, depending on the type.
5. Stabilizer. This material prevents decomposition of the PVC resin that otherwise may be problematic during processing at elevated temperature. A suitable range is about 0.5 to 10.0 parts.
6. External lubricant. (Optional) This can be a fatty acid, metallic soap, or a wax and its purpose is to prevent the melt from sticking to the hot surfaces inside the extruder. A suitable range is 0 to 5 parts by weight.
7. PVC Dispersion Resin. (Optional) This is to improve powder flow properties without affecting nucleation. A suitable range is 0 to 1 part by weight.
The cross-sectional shape of the body 14 is preferably circular (as shown in FIGS. 1-7), though it may also be otherwise shaped, such as polygonally or irregularly shaped. The preferred cross-sectional diameter B of the body is between about 5 mm and 20 mm, preferably about 10-20 mm.
As mentioned hereinabove, the body 14 preferably includes a continuous skin 18 about its outer surface. This is particularly desirable where the body 14 is formed from a cellular material because the continuous skin 18 protects any open cells along the outer surface from harboring soil. The continuous skin 18 is preferably integrally formed as a result of the extrusion process. However, it can also be provided through chemical or mechanical treatment of the monolithic structure, or it can be provided as an additional layer.
As shown, for example in FIGS. 2 and 4-7, the end portions of the earplugs may have any of a variety of configurations. In particular, it may be desirable to provide earplugs 10 having end portions 16 which are substantially flat or squared-off, such as in FIGS. 2 and 4.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment, generally convex end portions 16′ may be provided, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Such a convex configuration may be advantageously attained without any extra operations by using a cutting operation to cut the extrudate substantially immediately upon emerging from the extruder die, as will be discussed in greater detail hereinbelow. Additional geometries, such as the frusto-conical or tapered end portions 16″ shown in FIG. 7, may be provided using additional shaping or cutting steps known to those skilled in the art. The convex or tapered end portions 16′, 16″ generally facilitate insertion thereof into a wearer's ear canals.
The earplugs desirably include two end portions 16 which are of the same shape. However, combinations can be used, such as a conical end portion on one end of the earplug and a convex end portion on the other end of the earplug, so that the wearer may select which shaped end portion is more comfortable in his ear and insert that shaped end portion into his ear.
The manufacture of the earplugs may be performed with an apparatus as shown in FIG. 9. The body 14 is extruded from an extruder 20 to form a monolithic structure 22. Extruder 20 is substantially similar to those commonly used for making plasticized PVC products, with the exception that an injection nozzle 21 is disposed in the extruder barrel 23 so that the blowing agent may be added to the melted material. An extruder of this type is described in a technical correspondence bulletin published by the Monsanto Company entitled �Extrusion Foaming Technology for Santoprene Thermoplastic Rubber�, bulletin number TCD04287. The blowing agent may be a gas or liquefied gas such as CO2. Other gases known to those skilled in the art also may be used. Through the action of heat and pressure, the blowing agent dissolves in the melted material. Upon emerging from the die 25, the release of pressure causes the blowing agent to vaporize or otherwise expand to form the cells of the foam. The monolithic extrudate 22 may then be cut and solidified, with the solidification means being dependent on the material used to form the extrudate. In a preferred embodiment, in which a PVC material is used, the extrudate is cooled in ambient air or by a temperature controlled air bath. Alternately, however, extrudates may be quenched by way of other traditional cooling methods, such as by treating with a liquid or gas bath to cool and solidify the extrudate.
After the monolithic structure 22 emerges from the extruder 20, it is fed to a cutting device 24 (shown schematically) which cuts the extrudate into discrete pieces of the desired length, preferably about 10 to 35 mm, thereby forming individual earplugs. Particularly preferred are earplugs having a length of about 17 to 25 mm. The monolithic structure may be cut into discrete pieces using any of a variety of conventional cutting devices such as a knife blade, hot wire, water jet, or laser, for example. In a preferred embodiment, the extrudate is cut to length in-line using a length cutter (i.e., rotary knife cutter) of the type commonly used in the plastic extrusion industry. Other suitable cutting machines include conventional high speed wire and tubing cutters.
As mentioned hereinabove in a preferred embodiment, it is desired to form earplugs having end portions with convex or otherwise shaped diameters. Such convex end portions 16′ may be advantageously formed without any additional process steps by cutting the extrudate at the die face of the extruder as the material emerges therefrom, prior to expansion and cooling thereof. After cutting, the end portions expand and cool, inherently forming a bowed, convex geometry. In addition, a film or skin is formed over the end surfaces as the foam material continues to expand and cool. The earplug thus produced has convex end portions 16′ and a film or skin 18 that extends over its entire exterior surface, including both the body 14 and end portions 16′. The skilled artisan will recognize that the exterior surface of body 14 (i.e., the cylindrical surface as shown) of the extrudate will be skinned over as an inherent function of the extruding process. Advantageously, the convex end portions 16′ tend to facilitate earplug insertion. Also, this embodiment has been shown to provide better sound attenuation than earplugs having unskinned end surfaces, and is generally less prone to harbor dirt or bacteria. This resistance to dirt also tends to improve the reusability and comfort of the earplugs.
In the alternative, however, rather than cutting the extrudate prior to expansion and cooling, the extrudate may be cut after the expansion and cooling. This will provide an ear plug having squared off ends 16, such as shown and described with respect to FIGS. 2-4.
As also mentioned hereinabove, a further benefit of earplugs 10, 10′, and 10″ is that the skin 18 on the cylindrical surface thereof increases the longitudinal stiffness of the plug. This tends to facilitate insertion of the extruded plug into the user's ear, relative to prior art die cut plugs.
In further alternative embodiments as mentioned hereinabove and shown in FIG. 7, end portions 16″ may be provided by subjecting the extrudate to additional operations after exiting the die and/or after cooling of the extrudate. For example, the extrudate may be fed to a heated device which compresses and cuts the monolithic body 14. Because the extrudate is heated while it is radially compressed, it retains its compressed configuration following cutting, resulting in end portions of reduced diameter or tapered configuration as shown. The heat can be provided by either directly heating the cutting blades (i.e., when using the above referenced iris-type cutter) or by applying local heat to the tip of the compressed body by a laser or other localized heating device. Alternatively, the extrudate may be compressed prior to complete solidification of the monolithic structure, i.e., while the body 14 is still in a semi-fluid state, to thereby form end portions having reduced diameters.
Still further, the monolithic structure can be compressed in specific regions and cut (in a manner similar to that used to produce sculpted foam pillows) to form sculpted earplug end portions.
Turning now to FIG. 8, earplugs of the present invention have been tested for sound attenuation relative to conventional die cut earplugs. The (prior art) die cut plugs included the NORTON� SAFG� Earplug manufactured by Norton Company of Worcester, Mass., and the EAR� CLASSIC� manufactured by E-A-R Specialty Composites Corporation of Indianapolis, Ind. As shown, the extruded earplugs of the present invention surprisingly provided substantially improved sound attenuation, especially within the critical 2000 to 8000 Hz range, i.e., the range of frequencies most likely to cause hearing damage.
Still another property difference is the foam densities of the earplugs. The earplugs had densities ranging from 8.9 to 10.7 lb/ft3 (pcf), i.e., (142 to 171 kg/m3), while the die cutplugs had densities of 6.8 and 7.5 pcf (108 to 120 kg/M3), respectively. These different densities are not inherent to the extrusion versus die cast processes, but simply reflected the composition of the specific plugs under test. Moreover, this factor may have actually had a detrimental impact on the sound attenuation of the present invention. Prior earplug testing has indicated that otherwise identical earplugs of higher densities may provide lower sound attenuation than those of lower density.
It is noted that the above-noted production methods generate little, if any, material waste, since the cylindrical shape is generated directly from the die of the extruder and the length is cut-to-finish in-line. Waste is thus substantially eliminated. Moreover, the materials used to fabricate the earplugs 10, 10′, 10″ is readily recyclable, so that any scrap that is generated, i.e., during start-up of the extruder 20, may be returned to the material supply during subsequent earplug production.
An additional benefit of the extruded earplugs 10, 10′, 10″ of the present invention is that, although they may be made in different colors through use of pigments, their natural color is a bright white. This is favorable because the white color connotes cleanliness. Foams commonly used to fabricate die cut plugs generally include plastisol or urethane and are thus naturally tan and difficult to make white, even with pigments.
EXAMPLES Example 1 Earplugs are fabricated substantially as shown and described hereinabove with respect to plugs 10 of the present invention. The formulation used to fabricate the plugs is as follows:
.5 to 10
External lubricant (Optional)
Dry flow promoter (Optional)
Example 2 Earplugs were fabricated substantially as shown and described hereinabove with respect to plugs 10 of the present invention. The formulation used to fabricate the plugs was as follows:
OXY 200 � PVC resin
ADMEX 523 � plasticizer
PARALOID K120ND � acrylic processing aid
OMYACARB 6 � calcium carbonate nucleator
THERMACHEK 1363 � barium zinc stabilizer
ACRAWAX C � external lubricant
COLORITE CP � 1720 PVC resin
The equipment and conditions of this Example were as follows:
1. 1 �″ 32:1 single screw extruder with injection port at the 19th turn
2. CO2 and H2O metering system
3. Static mixers in die zone
4. 0.156″ diameter circular exit die
5. Conveying equipment
6. Rotary knife cutter
Barrel Temps (zones 1-4), � F.
280, 290, 335, 305
Gate and die temp, � F.
288, 225
Screw oil temp, � F.
Material throughput, lb/hr
The resulting earplugs 10 were 0.54 inch (13.7 mm) in diameter and had a density of 8.9 pcf (142.56 kg/m3).
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Humuhumunukunukuapuaa Ousted in Hawaii | Fox News
Humuhumunukunukuapuaa Ousted in Hawaii Published January 28, 2006Associated Press
"I was really surprised," said Oshiro, who has drawn up a bill that would make humuhumunukunukuapuaa — also known as the rectangular triggerfish or "humuhumu" for short — the official state fish for the islands.

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Jeanne Dreyfus Levy (1893-1981) - Find A Grave Memorial
17105864 · View Source
She is buried in the Dreyfus family plot at Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris, France.
Find a Grave Memorial 17105864
Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for Jeanne Dreyfus Levy (22 Feb 1893–30 Apr 1981), Find a Grave Memorial no. 17105864, citing Cimetière de Montparnasse, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France ; Maintained by Natalia Danesi (contributor 46834833) .
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