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Detecting and discriminating novel objects: The impact of perirhinal cortex disconnection on hippocampal activity patterns. - PubMed - NCBI
1 selected item: 27398938
Hippocampus. 2016 Nov;26(11):1393-1413. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22615. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
Kinnavane L1, Amin E2, Olarte-Sánchez CM2, Aggleton JP2.
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom. KinnavaneL@cardiff.ac.uk.
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
Perirhinal cortex provides object-based information and novelty/familiarity information for the hippocampus. The necessity of these inputs was tested by comparing hippocampal c-fos expression in rats with or without perirhinal lesions. These rats either discriminated novel from familiar objects (Novel-Familiar) or explored pairs of novel objects (Novel-Novel). Despite impairing Novel-Familiar discriminations, the perirhinal lesions did not affect novelty detection, as measured by overall object exploration levels (Novel-Novel condition). The perirhinal lesions also largely spared a characteristic network of linked c-fos expression associated with novel stimuli (entorhinal cortex→CA3→distal CA1→proximal subiculum). The findings show: I) that perirhinal lesions preserve behavioral sensitivity to novelty, whilst still impairing the spontaneous ability to discriminate novel from familiar objects, II) that the distinctive patterns of hippocampal c-fos activity promoted by novel stimuli do not require perirhinal inputs, III) that entorhinal Fos counts (layers II and III) increase for novelty discriminations, IV) that hippocampal c-fos networks reflect proximal-distal connectivity differences, and V) that discriminating novelty creates different pathway interactions from merely detecting novelty, pointing to top-down effects that help guide object selection.
entorhinal cortex; hippocampus; nucleus reuniens; prefrontal cortex; recognition memory
27398938
PMC5082501
10.1002/hipo.22615
Simplified depiction of afferent inputs from the parahippocampal region to the hippocampal formation. The photomicrographs show coronal sections stained for Fos‐positive cells from a rat in the Sham Novel‐Familiar group. The regions shown on the photomicrographs include area Te2 as well as areas 35 and 36, which comprise the perirhinal cortex (PRH), and the rostral lateral entorhinal cortex (rLEC) with cortical layers (II, III, V, + VI) delineated. For simplicity, the schematic does not include the direct connections linking the perirhinal cortex and the postrhinal cortex (POR) with CA1/subiculum, or the direct connections between the LEC and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Other abbreviations: Dist, distal; DG, dentate gyrus; LD, lamina dessicans; Prox, proximal. Scale bar 200 μm.
Hippocampus. 2016 Nov;26(11):1393-1413.
Schematic of the bow‐tie maze (upper). A central sliding door separates the two ends of the maze in which objects are placed. The rat runs back and forth from end to end of the maze, with a new trial at each end (adapted from Albasser et al., ). The sequence of object pairs in the Novel‐Familiar discrimination condition (upper) and Novel‐Novel object exploration (lower) is depicted. Different objects are represented by different letters while the subscript numbers show how duplicate objects were used for the recognition trials. For the first presentation of an object, that is, when novel, the letter is in bold. The □ symbol depicts the familiar object in Trial 0 that had also been used in pre‐training. The left/right placement of novel objects was counterbalanced in the novel‐familiar discrimination condition.
Behavioral measures for the two test conditions. A: Cumulative exploration times across the 20 test trials for all four groups. B, C: Discrimination performance of Cohort A, the Novel‐Familiar discrimination condition: cumulative D1 (B) and updated D2 ratio (C) following 20 trials. (These data are not available for the animals in the Novel‐Novel exploration condition as there was no discrimination to be performed). All discrimination scores are significantly above zero (one‐sample t tests, all P < 0.001). D: Mean exploration times of just novel objects of rats in Experiment 1 (Novel‐Familiar discrimination) blocked into four sets of five consecutive trials. E: Blocked mean exploration times of only familiar objects rats in Experiment 1 (Novel‐Familiar discrimination). F: Blocked mean exploration times of rats in Experiment 2 (Novel‐Novel exploration). *P < 0.05. Data presented are means ±SEM. Abbreviations: Peri, perirhinal cortex lesion.
Diagrammatic reconstructions of the perirhinal cortex lesions (Peri) showing the individual cases with the largest (gray) and smallest (black) lesions for group Peri Novel‐Familiar from Cohort A (left; n = 12) and group Peri Novel‐Novel from Cohort B (right; n = 9). The numbers refer to the distance in millimeters from bregma (adapted from Paxinos and Watson, ). Outer panels are the corresponding cresyl violet stained sections taken from the rat with the median sized lesion in each cohort. The dashed line represent the location of the rhinal sulcus. Scale bar 200 μm.
Graphs depict mean Fos counts for four regional groupings of the entorhinal cortex and adjacent cortical regions. Inset: illustrations of regions of interest; the numbers refer to the distance in millimeters from bregma; adapted from the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (). Abbreviations: cLEC, caudal lateral entorhinal cortex; MEC, medial entorhinal cortex; POR, postrhinal; PRH, perirhinal cortex; rLEC, rostral lateral entorhinal cortex; V + VI, cortical Layers V and VI combined. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Data are presented as means ±SEM.
Graphs that illustrate mean Fos counts in the prelimbic cortex and nucleus reuniens of the thalamus (A), control regions (E) and the hippocampal formation (B, C, D, F), with regions of interest indicated in the central panel. The numbers in the central panel refer to the distance in millimeters from bregma. Panel −4.80 is repeated to help depict all analyzed regions. [Adapted from the atlas of Paxinos and Watson ().] Abbreviations: Aud, primary auditory cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; Dist, distal; Inter, intermediate; Motor, primary motor cortex; PL, prelimbic cortex; Prox, proximal; Reuniens, nucleus reuniens of the thalamus; Sept, septal; Sub, subiculum; Temp, temporal. Data presented are means ±SEM.
Structural equation models for novel object processing. The figure shows the networks with best fit for the Sham Novel‐Familiar (A) and Sham Novel‐Novel (B) groups. The fit is noted under each model (CFI, comparative fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation). The strength of the causal influence of each path is denoted both by the thickness of the arrow and by the path coefficient next to that path. The number above each region is the proportion of its variance that can be explained by its inputs. Sites depicted: area 35 and area 36 of the caudal perirhinal cortex, rostral lateral entorhinal cortex (rLEC), septal CA3, distal septal CA1, and septal proximal subiculum. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001.
Depictions of the caudal parahippocampal ‐ hippocampal interactions derived by structural equation modelling for groups; Peri Novel‐Familiar (A), Sham Novel‐Familiar (B), Peri Novel‐Novel (C) and Sham Novel‐Novel (D). The fit is noted under each model (CFI, comparative fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation) and models with unacceptable fit are represented with a pale gray background. The strength of the causal influence of each path is denoted both by the thickness of the arrow and by the path coefficient next to that path. The number above each region is the proportion of its variance that can be explained by its inputs. Sites depicted: caudal lateral entorhinal cortex (cLEC), septal CA3, distal septal CA1, and septal proximal subiculum. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001.
The upper panels depict the optimal interactions between prelimbic cortex, the rhinal cortex and temporal hippocampus derived by structural equation modeling for the surgical control groups; Sham Novel‐Familiar (A), and Sham Novel‐Novel (B). The lower panels illustrate similar interactions excluding perirhinal cortex for groups; Peri Novel‐Familiar (C), Sham Novel‐Familiar (D), Peri Novel‐Novel (E) and Sham Novel‐Novel (F). The fit is noted under each model (CFI, comparative fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation) and models with unacceptable fit are represented with a pale gray background. The strength of the causal influence of each path is denoted both by the thickness of the arrow and by the path coefficient next to that path. The number above each region is the proportion of its variance that can be explained by its inputs. Sites depicted: Areas 35 and 36 of the perirhinal cortex, caudal lateral entorhinal cortex (cLEC), distal temporal CA1, prelimbic cortex (PL), and nucleus reuniens of the thalamus. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
Perirhinal Cortex/injuries
WT087955/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
WT09520/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom

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5 bedroom detached house for sale in Holme Park, Aglionby, CA4, CA4
www.rightmove.co.uk/property/62314868
Holme Park, Aglionby, CA4
We are pleased to offer this substantial, detached family home that sits in generous, mature, landscaped gardens that offer the potential to be partly used as a "Pony paddock". The property retains its period features with oak panelling, leaded windows and original fireplaces to provide a superb family home.
The accommodation is gas central heated and double glazed and comprises of entrance porch, entrance hall, cloakroom, lounge with open fire, dining room, breakfast kitchen including Aga, rear hallway, conservatory, integral double garage/utility. To the first floor is the master bedroom with en-suite bathroom, two further double bedrooms, a three quarter size bedroom, single bedroom, study, family bathroom and separate WC.
HIGH HOLLINS IS LOCATED BETWEEN SCOTBY AND AGLIONBY, JUST OFF THE A69 CARLISLE TO BRAMPTON ROAD IN CLOSE VICINITY OF CARLISLE GOLF CLUB AND THE M6 MOTORWAY JUNCTION 43, AWARD WINNING STONE EDEN NURSERY AND IN THE SCOTBY C OF E PRIMARY SCHOOL CATCHMENT AREA.
ENTRANCE PORCH Sealed unit double glazed window, quarry tiled flooring and oak door into entrance hall.
ENTRANCE HALL Oak flooring and oak panelling, plate rack and cornicing to the ceiling, and staircase to the upper floor.
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DINING ROOM (14'8 x 12'10) Period oak fireplace housing a wood burning stove, secondary glazed windows to the front and side elevations, cornicing to the ceiling and oak dado rail.
CLOAKROOM WC and wall mounted wash hand basin.
BREAKFAST KITCHEN (14'3 x 9'9) Extensive range of fitted bespoke light oak fitted base and wall units with slate worksurface incorporating double Belfast pot sink. Gas fired Aga, double integrated dishwasher and fridge. Sealed unit double glazed window to the rear garden and glazed door to the rear hallway.
REAR HALLWAY Doors to garden, garage and conservatory.
CONSERVATORY (19'5 x 11'6) Ceramic tiled flooring, built in storage cupboard and sealed unit double glazed windows providing a pleasant outlook to the rear garden.
Staircase, with oak dado rail, from the entrance hallway leads to the first floor split level galleried landing.
GALLERIED LANDING Fitted walk-in cupboard. MASTER BEDROOM (13'6 x 11'6 max) Fitted wardrobes, picture rail, sealed unit double glazed windows providing a rural outlook over the rear garden. Door to en-suite bathroom.
EN-SUITE BATHROOM (10' x 6'5) Comprising of shower cubicle, bath, hand basin and WC. Extensive range of ceramic tiling and sealed unit double glazed window.
BEDROOM 2 (15'2 x 13') Extensive range of fitted wardrobes, secondary glazed windows to the front and side elevations, picture rail and wall mounted hand basin.
BEDROOM 3 (12'8 x 11'8) Sealed unit double glazed windows to the rear and side garden, picture rail and vanity unit.
BEDROOM 4 (10' x 8') Three quarter size bedroom with fitted wardrobe and sealed unit double glazed window to the rear garden.
FAMILY BATHROOM (7' x 5'8) Shower cubicle, hand basin, bath, airing cupboard and sealed unit double glazed window. SEPARATE WC BEDROOM 5 (9'3 x 6'6) Sealed unit double glazed window to the front.
STUDY(9'6 x 6'3) Sealed unit double glazed window to the front.
OUTSIDE A feature of the property are the landscaped, mature gardens that offer a high degree of privacy. The front garden comprises of pavioured parking in front of the DOUBLE GARAGE, extensive lawned gardens to the front and side of the property with well stocked borders screened by conifer and privet hedging. The rear garden benefits from a sandstone flagged patio terrace adjacent to the kitchen and conservatory with lawned garden and timber shed/greenhouse. A picket gate leads into a country style garden, feature pond and gravelled pathways, well stocked herbaceous and shrub borders leading to an orchard area with under planted wild flower meadow, vegetable/soft fruit area, compost area and accommodation for hens/ducks.
INTEGRAL DOUBLE GARAGE (20' x 18'9) Remote control up and over door, utility area comprising of fitted base and wall units with worksurface incorporating stainless steel sink unit and plumbing for washing machine.
NOTE Site R15 - land north of Hill Head, Scotby and land east of Scotby Road (Scot 1, Prefered Options CDLP, Stage 2)
Briefly (full notes are available) - Land to the north of Hill Head behind and to the side of High Hollins is allocated for housing development in the draft Carlisle district local plan 2015, for development of 44 houses by Story Homes.
To view this media, please visit the on-line version of this page at www.rightmove.co.uk/property-for-sale/property-62314868.html?premiumA=true
Property reference highhollins.
Finney Green Cottage Aglionby, CA4

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World History Biographies: Alexander: The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World (National Geographic World History Biographies) by Simon Adams: National Geographic Children's Books 9780792236603 Hardcover - AbeBooks.com
Home Simon Adams World History Biographies: Alexander: The Boy Soldier Who ...
ISBN 10: 0792236602 / ISBN 13: 9780792236603
Synopsis: Read the true story of Alexander's daring childhood and his incredible journey across the known world. Discover the boyhood of a hero, from the dares he took to the sports he loved. A timeline highlights Alexander's life and achievements — and puts them in the broader context of the world history. Illustrations and maps bring Alexander's empire vividly to life, from its wonders to its wild beasts.
About the Author: Author SIMON ADAMS worked as an editor of children's reference books before becoming a full-time writer. He was written and contributed to more than 60 books on subjects like the Tudors, American history, the Titanic, and more. Consultant PAUL CARTLEDGE is Professor of Greek History at the University of Cambridge, England. He has written widely on Alexander the Great and Greek history and served as chief historical consultant for the BBC series The Greeks.
Title: World History Biographies: Alexander: The ...
1. World History Biographies: Alexander: The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World (National Geographic World History Biographies)
ISBN 10: 0792236602 ISBN 13: 9780792236603
Book Description National Geographic Children's Books, 2005. Book Condition: Good. Ships from Reno, NV. Former Library book. Shows some signs of wear, and may have some markings on the inside. Bookseller Inventory # GRP92998407
2. World History Biographies: Alexander: The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World (National Geographic World History Biographies)
Book Description National Geographic Children's Books, 2005. Book Condition: Fair. Ships from Reno, NV. Former Library book. Shows definite wear, and perhaps considerable marking on inside. Bookseller Inventory # GRP93220483
3. World History Biographies: Alexander: The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World (National Geographic World History Biographies)
Book Description National Geographic Children's Books. Hardcover. Book Condition: VERY GOOD. Light rubbing wear to cover, spine and page edges. Very minimal writing or notations in margins not affecting the text. Possible clean ex-library copy, with their stickers and or stamp(s). Bookseller Inventory # 2801132150
4. World History Biographies: Alexander: The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World (National Geographic World History Biographies)
Book Description National Geographic Children's Books. Hardcover. Book Condition: VERY GOOD. Light rubbing wear to cover, spine and page edges. Very minimal writing or notations in margins not affecting the text. Possible clean ex-library copy, with their stickers and or stamp(s). Bookseller Inventory # 2817306640
5. Alexander : The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World
Book Description National Geographic Society. Hardcover. Book Condition: Good. Ex-Library Book - will contain Library Markings. Book shows minor use. Cover and Binding have minimal wear, and the pages have only minimal creases. Bookseller Inventory # G0792236602I3N10
6. Alexander : The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World
Book Description National Geographic Society. Hardcover. Book Condition: Good. Ex-Library Book - will contain Library Markings. Only lightly used. Book has minimal wear to cover and binding. A few pages may have small creases and minimal underlining. Bookseller Inventory # G0792236602I3N10
7. Alexander : The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World
Book Description National Geographic Society. Hardcover. Book Condition: Very Good. Ex-Library Book - will contain Library Markings. Appearance of only slight previous use. Cover and binding show a little wear. All pages are undamaged with potentially only a few, small markings. Bookseller Inventory # G0792236602I4N10
8. Alexander : The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World
Book Description National Geographic Society. Hardcover. Book Condition: Fair. Ex-Library Book - will contain Library Markings. Bookseller Inventory # G0792236602I5N10
9. Alexander : The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World
Book Description National Geographic Society. Hardcover. Book Condition: Good. Ex-Library Book - will contain Library Markings. This book has a light amount of wear to the pages, cover and binding. Bookseller Inventory # G0792236602I3N10
10. World History Biographies: Alexander: The Boy Soldier Who Conquered the World (National Geographic World History Biographies)
Published by National Geographic Children's B (2005)
Book Description National Geographic Children's B, 2005. Hardcover. Book Condition: Good. This is a used book in good condition and may show some signs of use or wear . Bookseller Inventory # mon0002239306

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Sensitive Spirit, Delicate Digestion Registration, Fri, May 26, 2017 at 7:00 PM | Eventbrite
£176.44 – £549.04
by Zenshin Institute
Fri, May 26, 2017, 7:00 PM – Sun, May 28, 2017, 5:00 PM BST
Sun, May 28, 2017, 5:00 PM BST
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Masami is an experienced somatic practitioner who has trained extensively in yoga therapy, Ayurveda, breathwork, energy healing modalities, and nutritional therapy for 20 years. After experiencing a complete physical breakdown that resulted in a Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis, and being injured in a severe car accident, she realized that nutrition was the missing element in reversing her diagnosis and supporting long-lasting health. Nutrition and heavy metal detox are central to Masami’s work. Chris Covey, MA, NTP
Chris is a practicing clinical Nutritional Therapist, certified Hair Tissue Mineral Analyst, Zenshin Practitioner, Guide in the Open Path Trainings, educator, writer, and poet. His interest in bridging body and spirit is the direct outcome of deep personal experiences that have brought him from physical illness, weight gain, and depression, back to lasting health. His professional background includes K-12 education, school administration, international nonprofit program development, and psychology.
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Patent US5436880 - Laser power control in an optical recording system using partial correction ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsThe present invention provides an apparatus and method for controlling laser power in an optical recording system. A recording system in accordance with the present invention includes an optical source for supplying an incident write signal to an optical medium, such that data may be recorded on the...http://www.google.com/patents/US5436880?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5436880 - Laser power control in an optical recording system using partial correction of reflected signal errorAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5436880 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/179,476Publication dateJul 25, 1995Filing dateJan 10, 1994Priority dateJan 10, 1994Fee statusPaidPublication number08179476, 179476, US 5436880 A, US 5436880A, US-A-5436880, US5436880 A, US5436880AInventorsClarke K. Eastman, Gerald J. Smart, Peter J. SpyraOriginal AssigneeEastman Kodak CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (24), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (51), Classifications (10), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetLaser power control in an optical recording system using partial correction of reflected signal errorUS 5436880 AAbstract The present invention provides an apparatus and method for controlling laser power in an optical recording system. A recording system in accordance with the present invention includes an optical source for supplying an incident write signal to an optical medium, such that data may be recorded on the medium during an incident write pulse as a mark having a distinct reflectivity; a detector for detecting a reflection the incident write signal from the medium to provide a reflected write signal; a generator for generating a mark formation effectiveness signal from a reflected write pulse in the reflected write signal, to provide an indication of the quality of the mark; an error signal generator for generating an error signal from the mark formation effectiveness signal and a target value of the mark formation effectiveness signal; and a controller for controlling a write power level of the optical source by providing a partial correction of variation in the error signal. The quality of data recorded in the presence of certain types of system degradations, such as laser defocus and optical media tilt, is improved. The present invention also provides techniques for determining write power control voltage and error signal voltage limits, and updating the limits using an incident write signal optical detector.
What is claimed is: 1. An optical recording system for recording data on an optical recording medium, said system comprising:an optical source for supplying to said medium an incident write signal, said incident write signal including at least one incident write pulse, such that a logic level of said data may be recorded on said medium during said pulse as a mark having a distinct reflectivity; means for detecting a reflection of said incident write signal from said medium to provide a reflected write signal, said reflected write signal including a reflected write pulse corresponding to said incident write pulse; means for generating a mark formation effectiveness signal from said reflected write pulse, said mark formation effectiveness signal generator providing an indication of the quality of said mark;means for generating an error signal from said mark formation effectiveness signal and a target value of said mark formation effectiveness signal; and means for controlling a write power level of said optical source by providing a partial correction of variation in said error signal. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein said variation in said error signal results from a focus error of said optical source.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present invention is related to the following U.S. Patent applications: "Write Verification in an Optical Recording System By Sensing Mark Formation While Writing", Ser. No. 08/179,472, "Laser Power Control in an Optical Recording System to Compensate For Multiple System Degradations", Ser. No. 08/179,394; "Method and Apparatus For Focusing A Recording Light Beam On A Recording Medium," Ser. No. 08/179,477; and "Method And Apparatus For Maintaining A Recording Light Beam In An On-Track Position On A Recording Medium," Ser. No. 08/179,474, all filed concurrently with the present application, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to optical data recording. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved optical recording system and method which uses a reflected optical write signal to control optical source power.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART In optical data recording, an optical source, typically a laser, generates a write signal which is used to record data on an optical medium. To ensure proper data recording, it is important to maintain the laser output at an appropriate power level. A commonly-used technique for determining an initial optimal laser write power involves allocating a section of a recordable medium, such as a recordable compact disk (CD), for power calibration measurements. Several practice recordings are made in this section using a range of laser powers. The practice recordings are read back, and the write power level which produced the best recording quality is selected as optimal. The optimal power level is then used to record actual data in other sections of the CD.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an apparatus and method for controlling optical source power in an optical recording system. The recording system of the present invention provides improved recorded data quality in part by utilizing a partial correction of an MFE error signal for optical source power control.
ADVANTAGES As a feature of the present invention, in the presence of certain system degradations, such as laser defocus and tilt, a partial correction of MFE signal error results in fewer recorded data errors than prior art power control techniques which hold either laser power or an MFE signal constant. The partial error correction may be provided using, for example, a variable gain servo loop operating on an MFE error signal. The variable gain may be set using the response of a particular optical medium during write calibration. Alternatively, partial correction may be implemented by restricting the MFE signal to a range of acceptable values near the MFE target value.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary optical recording system with laser power control in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Data is generally recorded on an optical medium, such as a recordable compact disk (CD), in the form of marks. A mark, also known as a pit, has a different reflectivity than the unmarked portions of the disk, or lands, and is formed using a write signal power level sufficient to alter the reflectivity of the medium. The marks and lands represent different binary logic levels within the recording data. In general, certain characteristics of the reflected write signal indicate whether or not the mark has been properly formed, or, in other words, whether the data has been properly recorded on the medium. The reflected write signal can therefore be used to control laser power based upon whether marks are being properly formed.
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*Jun 18, 1991Mar 30, 1993Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Optical recording/reproducing device having means for adjusting servo loop gain and phase characteristicsUS5210732 *Nov 12, 1991May 11, 1993Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Optical disk apparatusUS5216649 *Jun 19, 1989Jun 1, 1993Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki KaishaOptical head with a tilt correction servo mechanism* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *Philips CDD521 Professional Compact Disc Recorder Service Manual, published by Service & Support Interactive Media Systems, Netherlands.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5625616 *Apr 3, 1996Apr 29, 1997Sony CorporationDeterioration estimating method for a light emitting device and a light emission driving apparatus using the methodUS5640381 *Mar 8, 1996Jun 17, 1997International Business Machines CorporationLaser power-drive circuit having a scaling DAC supplying a scaled reference signal to a plurality of scaled DAC's that supply a plurality of scaled output signalsUS5646919 *Jan 16, 1996Jul 8, 1997Eastman Kodak CompanyDynamic tracking control in an optical recording system by sensing mark formationUS5675568 *Jan 16, 1996Oct 7, 1997Eastman Kodak CompanyLaser power control in an optical recording system to compensate for variations in mark length resulting from a wobbled grooveUS5726965 *Feb 29, 1996Mar 10, 1998Eastman Kodak CompanyIntersymbol interference detection in an optical recording system using a reflected write signalUS5742046 *Oct 18, 1996Apr 21, 1998Eastman Kodak CompanyAmplifier circuit for providing outputs as a function of sensed lightUS5856964 *Apr 15, 1997Jan 5, 1999Eastman Kodak CompanyMultihead optical disc drives with direct reading after writing operationUS5903537 *Apr 7, 1997May 11, 1999Eastman Kodak CompanyDirect read during mark formation for laser power correctionUS5978334 *Oct 24, 1997Nov 2, 1999Eastman Kodak CompanySampling timing for a reflected write 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circuit for providing positioning informationUS6088309 *Feb 13, 1998Jul 11, 2000International Business Machines CorporationSystem for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media, a method for controlling vertical laser alignmentUS6097677 *Feb 13, 1998Aug 1, 2000International Business Machines CorporationSystem for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media, a method for combined writing and reading operationsUS6097681 *Feb 13, 1998Aug 1, 2000International Business Machines CorporationSystem for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media, an apparatus for determining angular position, θUS6108282 *Feb 13, 1998Aug 22, 2000International Business Machines CorporationSystem for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media, an apparatus for multilayer laser source positioningUS6111830 *Feb 13, 1998Aug 29, 2000International Business Machines CorporationSystem for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media, an apparatus for determining linear and/or angular velocityUS6118740 *Feb 13, 1998Sep 12, 2000International Business Machines CorporationSystem for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media, a method for writing closely spaced information tracksUS6128262 *Feb 13, 1998Oct 3, 2000International Business Machines CorporationSystem for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media, a method for customizing said media with timing informationUS6222813Feb 13, 1998Apr 24, 2001International Business Machines CorporationSystem for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media, an apparatus for controlling vertical laser alignmentUS6232045Feb 13, 1998May 15, 2001International Business Machines CorporationSystem for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media, a method for producing a recording blankUS6285639 *Apr 29, 1998Sep 4, 2001Sony CorporationOn-the-fly of jitter during optical disc mastering/recordingUS6407976Apr 3, 1998Jun 18, 2002Sony CoprorationMethod for controlling laser light power, method for data recording into optical disc, and optical disc recording apparatusUS6628588Sep 26, 2001Sep 30, 2003Pioneer CorporationInformation record apparatus, information record method, and information record mediumUS6636468Mar 26, 2001Oct 21, 2003Oak Technology, Inc.Method and apparatus for laser power control during recordingUS6690633 *Dec 12, 2000Feb 10, 2004Lg Electronics Inc.Method and apparatus for controlling optimal writing power for an optical recording mediumUS6697308Apr 28, 2000Feb 24, 2004Mosel Vitelic CorporationMethod and system for providing timing adjustment to perform reliable optical recording at high speedsUS6775216Aug 29, 2001Aug 10, 2004Zoran CorporationMethod and apparatus for restarting a write operation in a disk drive systemUS6813107 *Apr 13, 2000Nov 2, 2004Lg Electronics Inc.Apparatus and method for detecting an optimal writing powerUS6987717 *Aug 8, 2001Jan 17, 2006Ricoh Company, Ltd.Optical disk device recording data on a recordable or rewritable optical disk by setting a recording velocity and a recording power for each of zones on an optical diskUS7027945 *Dec 22, 2003Apr 11, 2006Agilent Technologies, Inc.Method of self-calibration of pulse rise and fall timesUS7092338Oct 31, 2002Aug 15, 2006Mediatek Inc.Method and apparatus for controlling laser beam power in an optical recording systemUS7230891Oct 3, 2005Jun 12, 2007Ricoh Company, Ltd.Optical disk device recording data on a recordable or rewritable optical disk by setting a recording velocity and a recording power for each of zones on an optical diskUS7242652 *Oct 31, 2002Jul 10, 2007Chih-Cheng ChenOptical recording system with optimal recording laser beam power control, and method and device for generating a mark formation effectiveness signal in an optical recording systemUS7313068 *Aug 18, 2006Dec 25, 2007Mediatek, Inc.Apparatus and method for automatic power controlUS7324414Oct 24, 2005Jan 29, 2008Sony CorporationApparatus and method of optical disk recording while detecting vibrationUS7379406 *Sep 24, 2001May 27, 2008Sony CorporationOptical recording apparatus, and method for controlling laser power therein by filtering and then sampling a returned light signalUS7558172May 15, 2007Jul 7, 2009Ricoh Company, Ltd.Optical disk device recording data on a recordable or rewritable optical disk by setting a recording velocity and a recording power for each of zones on an optical diskUS7663344 *Jun 6, 2005Feb 16, 2010Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueMethod for managing a pool of rechargeable batteries according to priority criteria determined based on a state of health of batteriesUS7916164Nov 30, 2004Mar 29, 2011Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Labeling methods and apparatus using energy of two wavelengthsUS7952970Sep 17, 2007May 31, 2011Lg Electronics Inc.Apparatus and method for detecting an optimal writing powerUS7969839Sep 29, 2004Jun 28, 2011Lg Electronics Inc.Apparatus and method for detecting an optimal writing powerUS8213270 *Mar 4, 2005Jul 3, 2012Yamaha CorporationOptical disk recording apparatus and programCN1303593C *Nov 24, 2003Mar 7, 2007日立乐金资料储存股份有限公司Optical disk recording device and recording methodEP1109161A1 *Aug 20, 1999Jun 20, 2001Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Laser power controller and optical disk deviceEP1191520A2 *Sep 26, 2001Mar 27, 2002Pioneer CorporationInformation record apparatus, information record method, and information record mediumEP1197959A2 *Sep 26, 2001Apr 17, 2002Pioneer CorporationInformation recording apparatus, information recording method, and information recording mediumEP1343151A1 *Dec 5, 2001Sep 10, 2003Sony CorporationRecording apparatus and recording methodEP1403858A2 *Aug 20, 1999Mar 31, 2004Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Laser power controller and optical disk device* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification369/47.51, 369/53.27, 369/44.36, 369/44.29, 369/116, 369/44.32, G9B/7.099International ClassificationG11B7/125Cooperative ClassificationG11B7/126European ClassificationG11B7/126Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 5, 2013ASAssignmentOwner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE, DELAFree format text: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (FIRST LIEN);ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT LTD.;FPC INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:031158/0001Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNORS:CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC., AS SENIOR DIP AGENT;WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS JUNIOR DIP AGENT;REEL/FRAME:031157/0451Owner name: PAKON, INC., NEW YORKEffective date: 20130903Owner name: BARCLAYS BANK PLC, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, NEW YOFree format text: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (SECOND LIEN);ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT LTD.;FPC INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:031159/0001Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, NEW YORKOwner name: BANK OF AMERICA N.A., AS AGENT, MASSACHUSETTSFree format text: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (ABL);ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;FAR EAST DEVELOPMENTLTD.;FPC INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:031162/0117Apr 1, 2013ASAssignmentOwner name: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS AGENT,Free format text: PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;PAKON, INC.;REEL/FRAME:030122/0235Effective date: 20130322Feb 21, 2012ASAssignmentEffective date: 20120215Owner name: CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC., AS AGENT, NEW YORKFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;PAKON, INC.;REEL/FRAME:028201/0420Dec 18, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Dec 30, 2002FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Dec 29, 1998FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jan 10, 1994ASAssignmentOwner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, NEW YORKFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN, CLARKE K.;SMART, GERALD J.;SPYRA, PETER J.;REEL/FRAME:006829/0534Effective date: 19940105RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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Bedding Decor Refine Results
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value: This website is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets , discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas.


text:
Patent US8154043 - Packaged light emitting devices - Google Patents
Packaged semiconductor light emitting device are provided including a reflector having a lower sidewall portion defining a reflective cavity. A light emitting device is positioned in the reflective cavity. A first quantity of cured encapsulant material having a first index of refraction is provided in...http://www.google.com/patents/US8154043?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8154043 - Packaged light emitting devices
Publication number US8154043 B2
Application number US 13/080,968
Also published as DE602005021622D1, EP1730784A2, EP1730784B1, US7279346, US7928456, US20050218421, US20070290218, US20110180834, WO2005098975A2, WO2005098975A3
Publication number 080968, 13080968, US 8154043 B2, US 8154043B2, US-B2-8154043, US8154043 B2, US8154043B2
Patent Citations (80), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (3), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2)
US 8154043 B2
US20030214233 Apr 28, 2003 Nov 20, 2003 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Light emitting diode
US20040228115 May 12, 2004 Nov 18, 2004 Illumitech Inc. High-brightness LED-phosphor coupling
JP8124623A Title not available
JP63132801A Title not available
JP2002076205A Title not available
JPH08124623A Title not available
JPS63132801A Title not available
WO2001086730A2 May 11, 2001 Nov 15, 2001 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Optoelectronic component and method for the production thereof
1 Dai-ji-rin, Sanseido Ltd., The Third Version, p. 1343, Japanese Text Only.
2 International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for corresponding PCT application No. PCT/US2005/010034, mailed Feb. 22, 2006.
4 International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for International Patent Application No. PCT/US2005/009779 mailed on Feb. 28, 2006.
5 Japanese Office Action Corresponding to Japanese Patent Application No. 207-506286; Mailing Date: Dec. 27, 2011; Japanese Text, 5 pages, English Translation thereof, 6 pages.
6 Notice of Preliminary Rejection (Non-Final) Office Action from the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO) Corresponding to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2006-7022560; Dated Jun. 27, 2011; 6 pages and English Translation thereof, 4 pages.
7 Official Action mailed Nov. 16, 2010 corresponding to Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-506286; 4 pages.
8 Translation of Office Action for corresponding Taiwanese Application No. 094110059 mailed Oct. 25, 2011.
International Classification H01L29/22, H01L33/50, H01L33/52, H01L33/58, H01L33/60
Cooperative Classification H01L33/52, H01L33/60, H01L33/58, H01L2924/181


text:
North Carolina 2,069 properties
The Best Hotels in Edenton
Looking for the perfect break? Reviewers gave Edenton a very good rating.
Looking for deals in Edenton? Check prices and accommodations for:
Traveling to Edenton for work?
Places We Love in Edenton
Featuring free WiFi and a restaurant, Inner Banks Inn offers accommodations in Edenton. Free private parking is available on site. All rooms are fitted with a TV.
Karl. U.S. Virgin Islands
"Restaurant superlative both dinner and breakfast, staff like family! Extraordinarily Charming! We were there the week before Christmas, few other guests -- like having a beautiful second home, stuffed..."
"Breakfast was very good. Loved cookies and pop corn."
Coach House Inn offers accommodations in Edenton. Free WiFi is featured and free private parking is available on site. All rooms are fitted with a private bathroom.
Dewayne. United States of America
"Although they were having issues with the credit card terminal, it didn't impact our stay. The staff was friendly and helpful. I would highly recommend this place based on how wonderful the staff is."
Featuring free WiFi, Americas Best Value Inn offers accommodations in Edenton. Each room has a TV. Some accommodations include a sitting area to relax in after a busy day.
"Wanted to get away for the holiday weekend, hands down the best value around. Everything was super clean, friendly staff and will definitely book this property again."
Edenton was highly rated for history by 58 guests from the United States! Edenton Travel Guide
Browse our "Best of" lists to find the top-rated properties in Edenton – based on 251 reviews from real guests
#1 of 4 hotels in Edenton
“Are customers really welcome?”
#2 of 4 hotels in Edenton
“Hampton Inn Edenton”
“The Hotel was up to expectaion”
#3 of 4 hotels in Edenton
“OUTSTANDING .... Hope Holiday Inn doesn't wreck it...”
“Coach D and wife from Kenly”
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In and Around Edenton , North Carolina
Corolla 49 miles away
Virginia Beach 65.2 miles away
Nags Head 55.3 miles away
Kill Devil Hills 52 miles away
Kitty Hawk 50.3 miles away
Manteo 53 miles away
North Point 48.1 miles away
Ocean Pines 48 miles away
Carolina Dunes 48.2 miles away
Greenville 52.4 miles away
Gulls Flight 48.1 miles away
Chesapeake 52.1 miles away
Norfolk 57.3 miles away
Elizabeth City 27 miles away
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Woodland 38.7 miles away
Poplar Branch 42.7 miles away
Washington 43.1 miles away
Caffys Inlet Hamlet 48.1 miles away
Save up to 50% in Edenton
384443,384250,384535,320250,336889,368366,305044|6,305044,380517,385868,383709,385171,348514,374491,305044|1,380767,381084,380409,383165,371832,380343,383406,343712,380539,379173,384555,321629,380058,379821,385200,263851,385548,382867,383648,382755,342266,384515,379188,385939,269862,381157,379799,372078

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Nellie Laskey (1912-1985) - Find A Grave Memorial
Nellie Laskey
Death 8 Jun 1985
Memorial ID 124014333
Marian R. Laskey Martin*
Find A Grave Memorial 124014333
Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for Nellie Laskey (26 Jan 1912–8 Jun 1985), Find A Grave Memorial no. 124014333, citing Westmoreland County Memorial Park, Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, USA ; Maintained by Kathi Lynn King (contributor 47574305) .
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The foreign policy of John Rawls and Amartya Sen (Buch, 2013) [WorldCat.org]
Verfasser: Neal Leavitt
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Helpful Household and Organization Hints
Glad I know that now
White Impatiens—Use white to lighten your garden. Pots of white impatiens brighten this shady corner with hundreds of blooms. | SouthernLiving.com
85 Creative Container Gardens | White Impatiens | SouthernLiving.com
the best times of the day/year to buy things. #goodtoknow
Seasonal Fruit Calendar by Chasing Delicious #infographic
Great Camping tip... don't so much need it now, but the boys will love this when they are kicked out to their own tent.

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Christianbook.com: Apocalyptic Literature: A Reader - Slightly Imperfect: 9781565632103
It's slightly imperfect, so you get it for an outstanding price! Minor flaws on this spectacular deal may include wrinkled pages, stray marks, missing dust jackets, dented corners or spines, dusty page edges, or minor cracks in CD cases. Apocalyptic Literature: A Reader - Slightly Imperfect
CBD Stock No: WW32109DA
Binding▼▲HardcoverPaperbackBooks of the Bible▼▲MarkRevelationSeries▼▲BCIJOPS
The vast world of apocalyptic literature can be confusing, so it's best to have an experienced tour guide! Reddish capably steers you through Jewish and early Christian extracanonical writings, including the War Scroll from Qumran; 1 Enoch; the Sibylline Oracles; the Shepherd of Hermas; the apocalypses of Peter, Paul, and James; and more.
Format: PaperbackVendor: Hendrickson PublishersISBN: 1565632109ISBN-13: 9781565632103Availability: In Stock
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Add To Wishlist Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Slightly Imperfect
Francis Brown, S. Driver, C. Briggs Francis Brown, S. Driver, C. Briggs Hendrickson Publishers / Hardcover $11.99
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