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Patent US5692964 - Golf swing training device - Google Patents
This device attaches to the head of an existing golf club (16) and contains two bright Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) (11 and 26) to show the path of the club head during practice swings. The LEDs are of different color and are oriented on a line parallel to the direction of swing. This allows the golfer...http://www.google.com/patents/US5692964?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5692964 - Golf swing training device
Publication number US5692964 A
Application number US 08/503,477
Publication number 08503477, 503477, US 5692964 A, US 5692964A, US-A-5692964, US5692964 A, US5692964A
Inventors Walter H. Smith, Ryan T. Smith
Original Assignee Smith; Walter H., Smith; Ryan T.
US 5692964 A
This device attaches to the head of an existing golf club (16) and contains two bright Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) (11 and 26) to show the path of the club head during practice swings. The LEDs are of different color and are oriented on a line parallel to the direction of swing. This allows the golfer to also see whether the club head was twisted during the swing, and if so, to see the direction of twist. Each LED is independently switched and controlled for brightness by its own potentiometer (12 and 27). A battery (17) is contained within the device. The device is attached to a golf club by an EPDM sleeve (15) which pulls onto the club head and by hook and loop material (19) on both the sleeve and the device. A safety loop (14) would keep the device from flying off the club head if it was incorrectly attached.
1. Golf swing training apparatus comprising in combination:
a. a body adapted to be attached to the head of a golf club;
b. at least two light sources disposed on the body, including
(1) at least two different colors, and
(2) adapted to be oriented on a line parallel to the direction of swing and perpendicular to the face of said golf club's head; and
c. means for switching and adjusting the brightness of each said light source independently; and
d. an electric circuit including a battery disposed in the body as a source of power for the light sources, whereby a user of the apparatus receives a visual indication of the user's swing by the alignment of the light sources while swinging.
2. Golf swing training apparatus comprising in combination:
a. a body adapted to be attached to the head of a golf club , including
(1) an elastic sleeve to be pulled onto the head of said golf club, and
(2) hook and loop fastener material attached to both said elastic sleeve and to said body for securing the body to the golf club head;
b. at least two light sources adapted to be disposed on the body, including
c. an electric circuit including a battery disposed in the body as a source of power for the light sources, whereby a user of the apparatus receives a visual indication of the user's swing by the alignment of the light sources while swinging.
3. Golf swing training apparatus for a golf club head comprising in combination:
a. a body adapted to be attached to the head of an existing golf club, including
b. at least two light sources of different colors secured to the body and spaced apart from each other and adapted to be oriented on a line parallel to the direction of swing and perpendicular to the face of said golf club; and
c. means for switching each light source and for adjusting the brightness of each light source independently; and
d. an electric circuit including a battery in the body for providing a source of power for the light sources, whereby the apparatus provides a visual indication of the user's swing by the alignment of the light sources during the swing.
This invention relates to golf swing training devices, specifically and exclusively to a device which attaches to the head of an existing golf club and contains lights which show the path of the club head during a swing.
Many inventions have had the goal of allowing a golfer to see the actual path of the golf club head during practice swings. Some have also been able to show whether the face of the club was perpendicular to the direction of the swing or twisted. Both of these factors are very important to good golf swings because they determine the path of the golf ball to a great extent.
Various methods have been used to accomplish the above goals, including mechanical dispensing of marking material on the ground during swings, the combination of luminescent material on the club head and ultraviolet light for viewing it, mirrors on the club head, and battery powered lights attached to the club head or shaft. The methods using battery powered lights seem to be potentially the most practical and effective.
Among the methods which have used battery powered lights to show the path of the golf club during a swing, a broad division of catagories can be made by separating devices which attach to existing golf clubs from those that are incorporated into specially made or modified practice clubs. It is advantageous for a golfer to use a device which attaches to his own clubs for practice swings and diagnosing problems. Besides saving him money, he will be using familiar clubs with the correct shaft lengths.
Further distinctions can be made by whether the devices show only the path of the club head during a swing or are also capable of showing club head twist; whether the lights shine down toward the ground or shine up toward the golfer's eyes; and also whether the batteries are mounted on the golf club head or are mounted elsewhere.
The following three inventions use lights that shine down toward the ground. This limits their usefulness because only the lowest portion of the swing arc can be seen:
U.S. Pat. No. 3,070,373 (Mathews) uses a single light mounted on the shaft of a golf club with a separate battery connected to the light by a wire. This device is not capable of showing club head twist.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,342,465 (Miyamae) is a specially made putter with two lights in it pointing down toward a mat containing sensors.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,858,934 (Ladick) is a simulated golf club containing only a grip and part of a shaft with a light that points down and shines on a special sensing mat.
The following three inventions contain single light sources which point up and are visible to the golfer through most of the swing. All three show the path of the club but none are capable of showing club head twist:
U.S. Pat. No. 3,820,795 (Taylor) is a light which clamps onto the shaft of a golf club and has a self contained battery.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,108,441 (Treadway) is very similar in layout to Taylor's invention above.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,230,512 (Tattershall) is a device which attaches to a golf club head and has a self contained battery. It also has an optional second light source which would be visible to a coach but still would be of no value in showing club twist.
The following five inventions use more than one light to show both the path of the golf club head and whether it was twisted during the swing. All seem to accomplish these goals but either require a separate and specially made practice golf club or are attached to a regular golf club in a relatively awkward manner, with a battery which is remote from the device itself and is connected to the light source by wires. This limitation may have been a result of technology which required larger batteries than are required by today's light sources. Also, none of the five have brightness adjustments, so their usefulness is limited:
U.S. Pat. No. 2,787,470 (Barrus) is a device which is attached to a golf club head by a screw and a clamp and is connected by wires to the battery compartment. The battery compartment is clamped to the shaft of the club just below the grip. The device has three colored lights arranged in a triangle and uses differences in their apparent relationship to each other to detect club head twist during a swing. The arrangement of the three lights makes the device more cumbersome and also more complicated to use than the present invention. Barrus' device is almost identical to a portion of an earlier U.S. Pat. No. 2,158,211 (Aitken). It is very bulky compared to the present invention due to its separate battery compartment, mounting clamps and the size of the unit itself.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,191,939 (Hooper) is a device which is clamped to a golf club head and consists of a boom with a light at each end. The same principle as in the above patent is used to show club head twist during a swing but the device is even bulkier and its battery pack is worn on the belt and is connected by wire. Also, the device fails to take advantage of different color light sources to show the direction of any twist in the club head during a swing.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,753,564 (Brandell) is a specially made practice club which contains two lights of different color in its head and uses the same principle as the above two inventions to show club head twist. The trailing light is adjustable and enables the club to be used to practice different swing paths and club head twists. The shaft is shorter than a regular golf club's.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,080 (Tice) is a specially modified practice club which contains a row of five Light Emitting Diodes arranged parallel to the club face. Normally this arrangement would not show club head twist during a swing, but this invention contains a strobing device in the head of the club which does make it possible to see club head twist.
This invention allows a golfer to see the actual path of the club head during practice swings and also to see whether the face of the club head is square to the path of travel, twisted toward the "open" position, or twisted toward the "closed" position. This is all accomplished by the use of a small device that attaches directly to the head of the golfer's own club. It contains two bright Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) of different color which are oriented parallel to the direction of swing. As the golfer swings at a reference stripe on a mat, the LEDs are seen as one or two light streaks, depending on the amount of twist of the club head.
Furthermore, the direction of any twist can be easily seen by the orientation of the colored streaks. If the outermost streak is the color of the leading LED, the club head was twisted toward the "open" position, which would have resulted in a probable "slice", and vice versa for a probable "hook". The probable location of the ball's impact on the club face is seen by comparing the path of the light streak to the stripe on the mat. This also shows whether the swing path was "outside-in", "inside-out" or straight. In addition to the golfer's ability to see these details of his swing using this device, a coach or instructor can also see them. The brightness of the LEDs is adjustable, allowing the device to be used during the day or at night, indoors or out. The importance of this feature may not be realized before an invention is reduced to practice, but will be seen after actual use in dim light.
The three swing defects mentioned above are: twisting the club head, striking the ball off center with the club face, and not keeping the club head on line during the swing. All three are very common but distinctly different defects. Each is caused by different mistakes made by golfers during their swings and each must be corrected by different methods. However, since each type swing defect can lead to the same results, i.e. "hooks and slices", it is very difficult to tell by hitting golf balls which swing defect is causing poor results. Herein lies the diagnostic value of this invention.
This invention differs from prior art by its:
(1) use of a battery contained within the body of the device
(2) use of dimmer switches to allow both indoor and outdoor use, during the day or at night
(3) compact size and ease of attachment to the golfer's own clubs
(4) simplicity and ease of manufacture Some of the prior art referenced incorporates some of these traits but the subject invention possesses all of them.
None of the prior art referenced contains all of the following objects and advantages. The objects and advantages of the present invention are to provide a golf swing training device which:
1. shows the path of the club head during practice swings;
2. shows whether the face of the club head is perpendicular to the path of travel, twisted clockwise, or twisted counterclockwise during practice swings;
3. shows the probable location of a golf ball's contact with the face of a club head during practice swings;
4. is easily attachable to a golfer's own clubs;
5. can be used during the day or at night, indoors or outside;
6. is compact and light enough to allow normal swings; and
7. is simple enough to be easily manufactured and economical for golfers to buy.
FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the device installed on a regular golf club.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 2, looking up at the top section of the device.
FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a golf swing with the club path on line but with the club head twisted clockwise, or "open".
FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a golf swing with the club head square to the club path but with the club path off line.
______________________________________REFERENCE NUMERALS IN DRAWINGS______________________________________10 golf swing training device             19 hook and loop material11 trailing LED   20 resistor12 trailing potentiometer             21 mat13 body of device 22 stripe on mat14 safety loop    23 white circle on mat15 EPDM sleeve    24 colored streak16 golf club head 25 golf club shaft17 battery        26 leading LED18 screw          27 leading potentiometer______________________________________
This invention consists of a golf swing training device 10 and the method used to attach the device to the user's own golf club head. A mat 21 used for practice swings is an obvious accessory and is not part of this specification except for clarity in showing function.
The body of the device 13 is split horizontally into two sections which are held together by two screws 18. Removing the screws allows access to a coin type battery 17. A pair of LEDs is provided, comprising a leading LED 26 and a trailing LED 11. A pair of potentiometers is provided to serve as switches and brightness controls for the LEDs. A leading potentiometer 27 controls the leading LED 26 and a trailing potentiometer 12 controls the trailing LED 11.
Separate potentiometers of different resistance values are required to maintain equal brightness of the LEDs in varying light conditions. Different colored LEDs have different forward voltages and therefore dim at different rates if the same resistance value is used in each potentiometer, or if the same potentiometer is used for both LEDs. Even though different value resistors 20 (FIG. 3) are used to protect the LEDs from excess voltage, it is still necessary to use separate potentiometers, each of a different resistance value, to achieve equal brightness. This is because the ratio between battery voltage and fixed protective resistance changes as the voltage drops due to battery use.
A safety loop 14 is attached to the body of the device 13. It slips over a golf club shaft 25 and would keep the device from flying off if it were improperly installed. Hook and loop material 19 is glued to the bottom of the body and to the top of an EPDM sleeve 15 and serves to attach the body to the sleeve.
The EPDM sleeve 15 is made of Ethelene Propylene Diene Modified or some other type of elastic material, and is pulled onto a golf club head 16. It is sized to give a tight and secure fit on larger wooden club heads and most of the oversize metal clubs available. Sleeves of other sizes can be made available.
The mat 21 functions to provide a stripe 22 to compare with the swing path of the club head. This swing path shows as a colored streak of light, as will be explained. A white circle 23 on the mat simulates a golf ball for practice purposes. The mat also serves as floor protection when used indoors and to protect the club head when used on concrete or similar surfaces.
In order to attach the golf swing training device 10 to the user's club, the EPDM (or other elastic material) sleeve 15 is first pulled onto the club head 16, with the sleeve oriented so that its hook and loop material 19 faces up. After placing the safety loop 14 over the golf club shaft 25, the plastic body of the golf swing training device then attaches to the club head by the use of hook and loop material 19. It is attached so that the two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are oriented along a line which is perpendicular to the face of the club and parallel to the direction of swing.
In order to use the golf swing training device the golfer places the mat 21 on the floor or ground with the stripe 22 oriented parallel to the direction of swing. The LEDs are then turned on and adjusted for brightness by turning the knobs of the potentiometers. The golfer then takes up his stance in the usual manner, addresses the white circle 23 on the mat as if it were a golf ball, and swings in the usual manner.
During the swing, the movement of the LEDs causes colored streaks 24 (FIG. 4) to be seen by the golfer. These streaks indicate the exact path of the club head, and the amount and direction of twist, if any, of the club head. This information allows the golfer, and a coach, to analyze the path of the club head and serves as a valuable method to improve the golfer's swing.
If the path of the club head did not follow the stripe on the practice mat, as in FIG. 5, corrections can be made to the appropriate aspects of the golfer's swing. If two streaks are seen, as in FIG. 4, twisting of the club head is indicated. The direction of twist is easily determined by the position of the differently colored streaks. An "opening" of the club head during the swing will cause the leading LED to make a colored streak farthest from the golfer and the trailing LED to make a differently colored streak closest to the golfer (FIG. 4). The opposite will be observed for a "closing" twist of the club head. The amount of space between streaks indicates the severity of the club head twist.
US5230512 * May 8, 1992 Jul 27, 1993 Tattershall H David Golf training device
US5470072 * Aug 18, 1994 Nov 28, 1995 Cunningham; Tom Golf practice device
GB2039749A * Title not available
US6913542 * Jan 9, 2004 Jul 5, 2005 Chin-Te Hu Golf club for showing swing condition
US7867103 * Oct 12, 2007 Jan 11, 2011 Salmon D Miles Systems and devices for controlled putting
US9468828 Jul 22, 2014 Oct 18, 2016 Shane BUSH System and method for a golf game
US20050153789 * Jan 9, 2004 Jul 14, 2005 Chin-Te Hu Golf club for showing swing condition
US20090325722 * Jun 25, 2009 Dec 31, 2009 Michael Grant Mier Golf Swing Training Aid
U.S. Classification 473/220, 273/DIG.30
Cooperative Classification A63B69/3614, Y10S273/30


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Patent US6961214 - Refinement of spindle motor bearing gap - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method and system is provided for achieving good dynamic performance and negligible wear to spindle motor components. In an aspect, a disc drive storage system is provided having a hydro bearing surface coating for meeting bearing gap tolerance design specifications. In an aspect, the surface coating...http://www.google.com/patents/US6961214?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6961214 - Refinement of spindle motor bearing gapAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6961214 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/458,500Publication dateNov 1, 2005Filing dateJun 10, 2003Priority dateDec 19, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20040120072Publication number10458500, 458500, US 6961214 B2, US 6961214B2, US-B2-6961214, US6961214 B2, US6961214B2InventorsMohammad Mahbubul Ameen, Raquib Uddin KhanOriginal AssigneeSeagate Technology LlcExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (1), Referenced by (8), Classifications (7), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetRefinement of spindle motor bearing gap
US 6961214 B2Abstract
A method and system is provided for achieving good dynamic performance and negligible wear to spindle motor components. In an aspect, a disc drive storage system is provided having a hydro bearing surface coating for meeting bearing gap tolerance design specifications. In an aspect, the surface coating is a non-reactive coating of diamond like carbon (DLC), applied with physical vapor deposition (PVD). In an aspect, the surface coating nullifies any taper of an opposing surface coating. In an aspect, the hydro bearing, with an applied coating, defines a uniform gap between 0.5 microns and 6 microns.
a housing having a central axis; a stationary component that is fixed with respect to the housing and coaxial with the central axis; a rotatable component that is rotatable about the central axis with respect to the stationary component; a data storage disc attached to and coaxial with the rotatable component; an actuator supporting a head proximate to the data storage disc for communicating with the disc; and a hydro bearing defining a gap and interconnecting the stationary component and the rotatable component and having surfaces separated by a lubricant, wherein a surface of at least one of the stationary component and the rotatable component has a tapered surface coating. 2. The disc drive storage system as in claim 1, wherein the stationary component comprises a shaft and the rotatable component comprises at least one of a sleeve and a hub.
3. The disc drive storage system as in claim 2, wherein the sleeve is a conical sleeve.
4. The disc drive storage system as in claim 1, wherein the surface coating is a non-reactive material for meeting gap tolerance design specifications and for achieving good dynamic performance and negligible wear to motor components.
5. The disc drive storage system as in claim 4, wherein the non-reactive material is selected from the group consisting of carbon and diamond like carbon (DLC).
6. The disc drive storage system as in claim 1, wherein the surface coating comprises a first tapered coating on the stationary component and a second tapered coating on the rotatable component, wherein the first tapered coating substantially nullifies the taper of the second tapered coating.
7. The disc drive storage system as in claim 1, wherein the hydro bearing having a coating and defining a gap is a uniform distance between 0.5 microns and 6 microns.
8. The disc drive storage system as in claim 7, wherein the hydro bearing having a coating and defining a gap has a tolerance of 10%, and wherein the coating thickness is in a range of 0.1 microns to 5.0 microns.
9. The disc drive storage system as in claim 1, wherein the hydro bearing having a coating and defining a gap has a variable distance between 0.5 microns and 6 microns.
10. The disc drive storage system as in claim 1, further comprising:
a stator that is fixed with respect to the housing; and a rotor supported by the rotatable component and magnetically coupled to the stator. 11. A spindle motor comprising:
a housing having a central axis; a stationary component that is fixed with respect to the housing and coaxial with the central axis; a rotatable component that is rotatable about the central axis with respect to the stationary component; and a hydro bearing defining a gap and interconnecting the stationary component and the rotatable component and having surfaces separated by a lubricant, wherein a surface of at least one of the stationary component and the rotatable component has a tapered surface coating. 12. The spindle motor as in claim 11, wherein the stationary component comprises a shaft and the rotatable component comprises at least one of a sleeve and a hub.
13. The spindle motor as in claim 12, wherein the sleeve is a conical sleeve.
14. The spindle motor as in claim 11, wherein the surface coating is a non-reactive material for meeting gap tolerance design specifications and for achieving good dynamic performance and negligible wear to motor components.
15. The spindle motor as in claim 14, wherein the non-reactive material is selected from the group consisting of carbon and diamond like carbon (DLC).
16. The spindle motor as in claim 11, wherein the surface coating comprises a first tapered coating on the stationary component and a second tapered coating on the rotatable component, and wherein the first tapered coating substantially nullifies the taper of the second tapered coating.
17. The spindle motor as in claim 11, wherein the hydro bearing having a coating and defining a gap is a uniform distance between 0.5 microns and 6 microns.
18. The spindle motor as in claim 17, wherein the hydro bearing having a coating and defining a gap has a tolerance of 10%, and wherein the coating thickness is in a range of 0.1 microns to 5.0 microns.
19. The spindle motor as in claim 11, wherein the hydro bearing having a coating and defining a gap has a variable distance between 0.5 microns and 6 microns.
20. The spindle motor as in claim 11, further comprising:
a stator that is fixed with respect to the housing; and a rotor supported by the rotatable component and magnetically coupled to the stator. 21. In a spindle motor comprising a housing having a central axis, a stationary component that is fixed with respect to the housing and coaxial with the central axis, a rotatable component that is rotatable about the central axis with respect to the stationary component, and a hydro bearing defining a gap and interconnecting the stationary component and the rotatable component and having surfaces separated by a lubricant, a method of achieving good dynamic performance and negligible wear to motor components comprising applying a tapered coating to a surface of at least one of the stationary component and the rotatable component.
22. The method as in claim 21, wherein coating a surface comprises sputtering a surface of at least one of a sleeve and a hub.
23. The method as in claim 22, wherein sputtering a surface comprises utilizing physical vapor deposition (PVD).
24. The method as in claim 21, wherein coating a surface comprises sputtering a surface of at least one of the stationary component and the rotatable component, and wherein the hydro bearing having a coating defines a uniform gap between 0.5 microns and 6 microns.
25. The method as in claim 21, wherein coating a surface comprises sputtering with a non-reactive material selected from the group consisting of carbon and diamond like carbon (DLC).
26. The method as in claim 21, wherein the stationary component and the rotatable component function in a predetermined orientation;
wherein coating a surface comprises sputtering particles from a target onto the stationary component from a first direction relative to the predetermined orientation, and subsequently sputtering particles onto the rotatable component from a second direction relative to the predetermined orientation; wherein the first direction is substantially 180 degrees with respect to the second direction; and wherein a taper coating on the stationary component substantially nullifies a taper coating on the rotatable component. 27. The method as in claim 21, further comprising varying the aspect ratio of a female bearing motor part to adjust the thickness gradient of the coating.
28. The method as in claim 21, wherein coating a surface comprises sputtering a surface of a conical sleeve.
This application is based on provisional application Ser. No. 60/435,673, filed Dec. 19, 2002, entitled A Novel Approach To Adjust Bearing Gap In Sputter Coated Parts Of Spindle Motors In Disk Drives Application, and assigned to the assignee of this application and incorporated herein by reference.
The invention relates generally to spindle motors, and more particularly to refinement of hydrodynamic bearing assemblies that provide support and rotation for spindle components in disc drive data storage systems.
The use of disc drive systems are currently moving beyond computers into other devices including digital cameras, digital video recorders (DVR), laser printers, photo copiers and personal music players. Disc drive memory systems are used for storage of digital information that can be recorded on concentric tracks of a magnetic disc medium. Several discs are rotatably mounted on a spindle, and the information, which can be stored in the form of magnetic transitions within the discs, is accessed using read/write heads or transducers. The read/write heads are located on a pivoting arm that moves radially over the surface of the disc. The read/write heads must be accurately aligned with the storage tracks on the disc to ensure the proper reading and writing of information.
Discs are rotated at high speeds during operation using an electric motor located inside a hub or below the discs. One type of motor is known as an in-hub or in-spindle motor, which typically has a spindle mounted by means of a bearing system to a motor shaft disposed in the center of the hub. One of the bearings is located near the top of the spindle and the other near the bottom. The bearings permit rotational movement between the shaft and the hub, while maintaining alignment of the spindle to the shaft.
In a hydrodynamic bearing system, a lubricating fluid (gas or liquid) serves as the media to create pressure between a stationary base or housing and a rotating spindle or rotating hub. The dimensions of the gap between the rotating component and the stationary component of the motor must be tightly controlled to obtain good dynamic performance. The dynamic performance of a hydrodynamic motor is a function of the gap since gap pressure affects dynamic performance, and hydrodynamic and hydrostatic bearings utilize pressures. That is, a hydrodynamic bearing is a self-pumping bearing that generates a pressure internally to maintain a fluid film separation. A hydrostatic bearing requires an external pressurized fluid source to maintain the fluid separation.
Metal sections of the hydro bearing system are machined, making it difficult to obtain a gap with uniform or specified dimensions in a repeatable fashion and resulting in variations in the manufacturing process. The tight control required to produce small dimensions of the gap (in some applications 2 or 3 microns between the adjacent surfaces of a stationary shaft and rotating sleeve) makes precision machining bearing components difficult and costly. Precision machining is especially expensive when utilized to create a uniform surface on both a shaft and a sleeve. A bearing gap, in particular sections, should remain uniform and constant. When the bearing gap varies, nonrepetitive runout (NRRO), as well as other bearing performances are effected. Coating the bearing gap surfaces (i.e. shaft or sleeve surface) using a conventional sputtering process is unsatisfactory and inadequate since a coating thickness variation, a taper, and a variable bearing gap results. Further, there is a trend to decrease the aspect ratio (depth to width ratio) in sleeves. Moreover, there is a trend to evermore decrease bearing clearances to achieve greater recording densities. Additionally, gap variations may be specified in design, making the manufacturing process even more difficult.
Furthermore, it has become essential to select suitable material pairs that ensure negligible wear during operation of the motor. This is especially true in the case of mobile applications that must be shock-resistant, under both operating and non-operating conditions, and where precision parts are essential and gap tolerance is tight.
The present invention provides a system and process to provide and maintain precision parts in spindle motors. A tight and uniform bearing gap within a specified tolerance is provided in a repeatable process, and thus good dynamic performance is achieved. Further, the present invention provides a system and process to maintain negligible wear to motor components. The improved bearing gap can be utilized in spindle motors in disk drive applications.
In an embodiment of the present invention, features of the invention are achieved by coating spindle motor parts using a sputtering system, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD). A non-reactive hard coating of carbon or diamond-like carbon (DLC) is applied to one or both of the contacting surfaces. In one example, the contacting surfaces include a shaft and a sleeve. DLC is sputtered onto the shaft from one area of the spindle motor, followed by sputtering onto the sleeve from an area opposite of the motor. A tapered coating on the shaft substantially nullifies a tapered coating on the sleeve. In an embodiment of the present invention, the sputtering system uses the same process parameters for both the male and female parts (i.e. shaft and sleeve) during coating operations. In another embodiment, the thickness gradient of the coating is adjusted by varying the aspect ratio of the female bearing part (i.e. sleeve).
In an embodiment, the present invention overcomes the difficult and expensive task of achieving a uniform gap, conventionally attempted by precision machining adjacent bearing gap components, including shaft and sleeve surfaces. For example, when precision machining is utilized on a male surface (and results in a machined taper), the present invention provides a method of coating the adjacent and associated female surface with a tapered coating, such that any gap variation is nullified. In another embodiment of the present invention, a coating is applied to both male and female surfaces. By employing a coating, good dynamic performance and negligible wear is achieved to motor components, namely the shaft and sleeve.
Further, in an embodiment, protection is provided against outgassing of motor components and a neutral or non-reactive surface is created that does not promote corrosion, caused by the selection of motor components from free machining steels.
FIG. 1 is a top plain view of a disc drive data storage system in which the present invention is useful;
FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motor, utilized in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a conventional sputtering system, utilized in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a cross sectional view of carbon/DLC coating on a shaft, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4B is a cross sectional view of carbon/DLC coating on a sleeve, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4C is a cross sectional view of carbon/DLC coating on a conical sleeve, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a sleeve illustrating the relationship between a taper variation and decrease in aspect ratio, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of a shaft and sleeve illustrating a nullified tapered coating, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graphical illustration of dynamic performance degrade without a coating, as described herein; and
FIG. 8 is a graphical illustration of improved dynamic performance with a DLC coating, as in an embodiment of the invention.
A system and method for refinement of hydrodynamic bearing assemblies that provide support and rotation for spindle components is described herein. Referring to the drawings wherein identical reference numerals denote the same elements throughout the various views, FIG. 1 illustrates a typical disc drive data storage device 110 in which the present invention is useful. Disc drive 110 includes housing base 112 that is combined with top cover 114 to form a sealed environment.
Disc drive 110 further includes disc pack 116, which is mounted for rotation on a spindle motor (not shown) by disc clamp 118. Disc pack 116 includes a plurality of individual discs, which are mounted for co-rotation about a central axis. Each disc surface has an associated head 120 (read head and write head), which is mounted to disc drive 110 for communicating with the disc surface. In the example shown in FIG. 1, heads 120 are supported by flexures 122, which are in turn attached to head mounting arms 124 of actuator body 126. The actuator shown in FIG. 1 is of the type known as a rotary moving coil actuator and includes a voice coil motor (VCM), shown generally at 128. Voice coil motor 128 rotates actuator body 126 with its attached heads 120 about pivot shaft 130 to position heads 120 over a desired data track along arcuate path 132. This allows heads 120 to read and write magnetically encoded information on the surfaces of discs 116 at selected locations.
In the example discussed below, the use of a hydrodynamic bearing is shown in conjunction with a spindle motor. Clearly, the present invention is not limited to use with this particular design of a disc drive, which is shown only for purposes of the example. Further, it is to be understood that the present invention is useful with a wide variety of motors, especially those using fluid dynamic bearings.
FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motor 255 used in disc drives 110 in which the present invention is useful. Typically, spindle motor 255 includes a stationary component and a rotatable component. The stationary component includes shaft 275 that is fixed and attached to base 210. The rotatable component includes hub 260 having one or more magnets 265 attached to a periphery thereof The magnets 265 interact with a stator winding 270 attached to the base 210 to cause the hub 260 to rotate. Core 216 is formed of a magnetic material and acts as a back-iron for magnets 265. Magnet 265 can be formed as a unitary, annular ring or can be formed of a plurality of individual magnets that are spaced about the periphery of hub 260. Magnet 265 is magnetized to form one or more magnetic poles.
The hub 260 is supported on a shaft 275 having a thrustplate 280 on one end. The thrustplate 280 can be an integral part of the shaft 275, or it can be a separate piece which is attached to the shaft, for example, by a press fit. The shaft 275 and the thrustplate 280 fit into a sleeve 285 and a thrustplate cavity 290 in the hub 260. A counter plate 295 is provided above thrustplate 280 resting on an annular ring 205 that extends from the hub 260. Counterplate 295 provides axial stability for the hydrodynamic bearing and positions hub 260 within spindle motor 255. An O-ring 212 is provided between counterplate 295 and hub 260 to seal the hydrodynamic bearing and to prevent hydrodynamic fluid from escaping.
Hub 260 includes a central core 216 and a disc carrier member 214, which supports disc pack 116 (shown in FIG. 1) for rotation about shaft 275. Disc pack 116 is held on disc carrier member 214 by disc clamp 118 (also shown in FIG. 1). Hub 260 is interconnected with shaft 275 through hydrodynamic bearing 217 for rotation about shaft 275. Bearing 217 includes radial surfaces 215 and 225 and axial surfaces 220 and 222.
A fluid, such as lubricating oil or a ferromagnetic fluid fills interfacial regions between the shaft 275 and the sleeve 285, and between the thrustplate 280 and the thrustplate cavity 290 and the counter plate 295. Although the present figure is described herein with a lubricating fluid, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a lubricating gas can be used.
In order to promote the flow of fluid over the bearing surfaces which are defined between the thrust plate 280 and the counterplate 295; between the thrust plate 280 and the sleeve 285; and between the shaft 275 and the sleeve 285, typically one of the two opposing surfaces of each such assembly carries sections of pressure generating grooves (not shown). The effective operation of the pressure generating grooves depends in part on the bearing gap being within a specified tolerance. The present invention as described herein provides a method of coating to achieve such a specified bearing gap tolerance.
It is to be appreciated that spindle motor 255 can employ a fixed shaft as shown in FIG. 2, or a rotating shaft. In a rotating shaft spindle motor, the bearing is located between the rotating shaft and an outer stationary sleeve that is coaxial with the rotating shaft.
In an embodiment, a method is provided for applying a carbon or diamond like carbon (DLC) coating to at least one contacting bearing surface. As described herein, a carbon coating is to be understood as a graphite form or a diamond form. In practice, a carbon coating is a mixture of graphite and diamond. Also, as described herein, carbon is to be understood as a larger quantity of graphite than diamond, and DLC is to be understood as a larger quantity of diamond than graphite. Further, it is to be appreciated that other materials can be used for the coatings described herein, including a chromium coating.
A suitable pair is selected (i.e. a shaft and sleeve, or hub and cone). In an embodiment, one precision machined surface is selected and a counter surface is coated. Alternatively, both surfaces are coated (i.e. the shaft and sleeve are coated). The entire contacting bearing surface or a predetermined portion of the surface is coated. The method of applying a coating to the shaft or sleeve include directing a carbon or DLC coating by processes including physical vapor deposition (PVD) and direct current (DC) sputtering. It is to be appreciated that other known processes can be utilized to apply the coating as described herein.
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods are clean, dry vacuum deposition methods in which a coating is deposited over an entire object simultaneously, rather than in localized areas. In PVD processes, a workpiece is subjected to plasma bombardment. PVD methods differ in the means for producing metal vapor and the details of plasma creation. Primary PVD methods include ion plating, ion implantation, sputtering, and laser surface alloying. In an embodiment, the present invention utilizes PVD.
Referring to FIG. 3, a cross sectional view of a conventional sputter system 300 is illustrated that can be utilized in the present invention to coat a bearing surface. A substrate is shown at 310. A central surface portion of the substrate is designated as 312. Respective upper and lower portions of the substrate surface are designated 311 and 313. A hypothetical point-source target 320 is positioned symmetrically above substrate 310. The distance between the point-source target 320 and the substrate seating 312 defines a height, H. A power source 340 (not drawn to scale) is coupled by way of means 341 to the point-source target 320.
The emission trajectories of the target particles from target 320 are uniformly distributed about three dimensional space. Three such trajectories are illustrated by way of dashed lines and respectively referenced as 321, 322 and 323. While the emission trajectories are shown drawn originating from one area of target 320 and integrated on substrate 310, it is to be understood that, in practice, emissions come from all areas of target 320 and each emission area of target 320 is integrated over all areas of substrate 310. Further, target 320 is equal or larger in size as compared with substrate 310 to maintain coating uniformity (having a taper) on substrate 310. Trajectory 321 has a particle travel distance of dp1 and carries particles from target 320 to the upper surface region 311 of the substrate 310. Trajectory 322 has a travel distance of dp2 and carries target particles from the target 320 to the central surface region 312. Trajectory 323 has a particle travel distance of dp3 and carries target particles from the target 320 to the lower surface region 313.
Each of the trajectories 321, 322 and 323 defines an angle of θ between itself and the normal line 302 (the hypothetical perpendicular drawn line). The film deposition rate (r) in sputtering systems is inversely proportional to the particle travel distance. Thus, the deposition rate of the bottom trajectory 323 is less than that of the top trajectory 321 and the central trajectory 322. Further, the step coverage uniformity is improved if the maximum trajectory angle θ (or �angle of attack� θ as it is referred) is reduced. However, as the particle travel distance is reduced, the trajectory angle θ is increased. The particle travel distance and the trajectory angle θ are counterposed attributes. A tapered coating results on substrate 310 wherein upper surface region 311 receives a thicker coating than central surface region 312 and lower surface region 313. Lower surface region 313 receives the thinnest coating. In an embodiment, the present invention utilizes this process to obtain a desired tapered coating, as discussed below.
The contribution received at each substrate surface point, from each target-source is summed to determine the accumulated deposition at each receiving point on the substrate surface. The specific dimensions of the target width, the substrate width and the target-to-substrate separation distance H must be known in order to determine the cumulative deposition rate at each receiving point on the substrate surface.
As an example of application of a carbon/DLC coating in the present invention, FIG. 4A illustrates the direction of application of carbon/DLC from a target to shaft 416. Arrow 410 is to be interpreted as pointing from a base to a top cover (base and top cover are not shown). Arrow 410 represents the particle travel direction of application from the target to shaft 416.
In the case of coating a shaft using a PVD process, a coating thickness variation results in z-axis 410 along the length of shaft 416, such that a varying bearing gap results. The z-axis 410 runs up and down a shaft, from a base to a top cover. The coating thickness variation in z-axis 410 of shaft 414 is a consequence of the variation in the particle travel distance and deposition rate between the target and shaft position (as discussed above with respect to FIG. 3). As an illustration of coating variation, coating thickness 412 is shown thicker than coating thickness 414. It is to be understood that coating thickness 412 and 414 are the same coating and are separately labeled to point out the difference in thickness.
The coating variation in z-axis 410 is nullified by separately coating shaft 416 and sleeve 426 (or a shaft and a hub assembly). The PVD process results in shaft 416 and sleeve 426 having a thickness variation in the z-axis. Therefore, in an embodiment, by designing a thickness variation in shaft 416, the variation in sleeve 426 is nullified and a bearing gap within a tolerance range is achieved.
FIG. 4B illustrates a direction of application of DLC from a target to sleeve 426. Arrow 420 is to be interpreted as pointing in a direction that is 180 degrees with respect to the direction of arrow 410 (FIG. 4A). Arrow 420 points from a top cover to a base (top cover and base are not shown). Arrow 420 represents the particle travel direction of application from the target to sleeve 426.
As arrows 410 and 420 illustrate, coating 422 and 424 are applied from opposing directions with respect to coating 412 and 414, such that the tapered z-axis 428 of coating 422 and 424 nullifies the tapered z-axis 418 of coating 412 and 414. Also, it is to be understood that coating 422 and 424 are the same coating and are separately labeled to identify the difference in thickness.
FIG. 4C illustrates a conical sleeve in which the present invention is useful. In the case of a conical sleeve, PVD sputtering 430 results in a smaller grade taper, as compared with a non-conical sleeve. As illustrated, coating thickness 432 of conical sleeve 436 is thicker than coating thickness 434, similar to a non-conical sleeve. However, the taper in z-axis 438 is less than the taper of a non-conical sleeve. Nevertheless, since gap tolerances are so small (some gaps being 0.5 microns), the process of the present invention is useful in the case of conical sleeves. Further, the design of conical sleeves can require a smaller gap tolerance, as compared with non-conical sleeves, making the present invention further useful.
FIG. 5 illustrates two coated sleeves, sleeve 516 having a smaller aspect ratio (depth to width) as compared to sleeve 526. That is, the difference in taper gradient of coating 512 and coating 514 (along z-axis 518) is greater than the taper gradient of coating 522 and coating 524 (along z-axis 528). Sleeve 526, having a smaller aspect ratio, presents a smaller grade taper, which is characteristic of PVD sputtering process.
In an embodiment, the thickness gradient of a coating is adjusted by varying the aspect ratio of the female bearing part (i.e. sleeve). Further, since gap tolerance designs are so small, conventional gaps being a couple microns or less, the present invention is useful in the case of sleeves having smaller aspect ratios. It is to be understood that the present invention would similarly be useful in the case of shafts having smaller aspect ratios.
Referring to FIG. 6, the result of an embodiment of the process of coating described herein is illustrated. Shaft 610 is positioned adjacent to sleeve 620 with an illustration of tapered coating 612 and 614 offsetting or nullifying tapered coating 622 and 624 along z-axis 618, such that gap 600 satisfies the gap tolerance design specification.
It is to be understood that coating 612 and 614 are the same coating and are separately labeled to identify the difference in thickness. Similarly, it is to be understood that coating 622 and 624 are the same coating and are separately labeled to identify the difference in thickness. Further, in an embodiment, the coating thickness is between 0.1 microns at its thinnest point and 5.0 microns at its thickest point. As to be appreciated, the coating thickness is dependent on the application.
By meeting the gap tolerance design specification, utilizing an embodiment of the present invention, good dynamic performance and no wear or negligible wear to motor components is achieved, which significantly enhances the motor life. The motor components include shaft 610 and sleeve 620. In one embodiment, one of shaft 610 and sleeve 620 is a rotatable component. In another embodiment, one of shaft 610 and sleeve 620 is a stationary component.
As used herein, the term gap means the distance from the surface of the rotating component to the adjacent surface of the stationary component. For example, the term gap can mean the distance between the inner surface of a sleeve and the outer surface of a shaft. As in shown FIG. 6, gap 600 extends from outer surface of shaft 610 to the adjacent inner surface of sleeve 620. When a coating is applied to a surface (or surfaces), the gap width would include the thickness of the coating.
The gap is measured during running conditions when the adjacent surfaces are not touching (i.e. the shaft and sleeve adjacent surfaces). In an embodiment, the gap is a uniform distance between 0.5 microns and 6 microns. In another embodiment, the gap is a uniform distance less than 0.5 microns. It is important for reasons including dynamic performance that a gap is substantially uniform, i.e., maximum and minimum width tolerances must be maintained. In an embodiment, the gap has a tolerance of within 10% of the designed gap. For example, if the gap is designed to be 2 microns, then the tolerance is 0.2 microns, making the allowable gap 1.8 to 2.2 microns. The gap design may call for a variable gap. In an embodiment, a variable gap between 0.5 microns and 6 microns is provided.
The following figures are provided as an example of results of an embodiment of the present invention, in regard to dynamic performance and wear. The examples are provided for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be limiting.
FIG. 7 shows a graphical representation of an operational vibration comparison of a contact stop/start (CSS) in which a DLC coating is not utilized on a stationary component or a rotational component. Measurements of amplitude and frequency were taken at zero CSS (thin dotted line) and at 11,000 CSS (thick solid line). As can be observed in comparing the 0 CSS line with the 11,000 CSS line, dynamic performance degrades when a DLC coating is not utilized on a bearing surface.
In operation, and as referred to herein, a typical CSS commences when a data transducing head begins to slide against the surface of the disk as the disk begins to rotate. Upon reaching a predetermined high rotational speed, the head floats in air at a predetermined distance from the surface of the disk where it is maintained during reading and recording operations. Upon terminating operation of the disk drive, the head again begins to slide against the surface of the disk and eventually stops in contact with and pressing against the disk. Each time the head and disk assembly is driven, the sliding surface of the head repeats the cyclic operation consisting of stopping, sliding against the surface of the disk, floating in the air, sliding against the surface of the disk and stopping.
The present invention is useful, in part, to minimize or prevent any effects that CSS might have on bearing surfaces. That is, when the head is in contact with the disk, the bearing surfaces are similarly in contact, for example, the shaft and sleeve surfaces. Wear can result when the bearing surfaces are in contact, and the coating provided in the present invention ensures negligible wear or no wear on the contacting bearing surfaces.
FIG. 8 shows a graphical representation of an operational vibration comparison of a contact stop/start (CSS) in which a DLC coating is utilized on a stationary component or a rotational component, as provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Similar to FIG. 7, measurements were taken of amplitude and frequency at zero CSS (thin dotted line) and at 11,000 CSS (thick solid line). As can be observed in comparing the 0 CSS line with the 11,000 CSS line, dynamic performance does not degrade in the case when utilizing a DLC coating as it does in the case when not utilizing a DLC coating on a bearing surface.
As discussed above, dynamic performance is a function of the bearing gap. Gap design tolerance is achieved by providing, as discussed above in an embodiment of the invention, a bearing gap within specified dimensions (tolerance). Gap design tolerance is further achieved by providing, as discussed above in an embodiment of the invention, a rotatable and stationary pair (i.e. shaft and sleeve, or a shaft and cone) that ensures negligible wear or no wear on the contacting bearing surfaces.
As discussed herein, negligible wear is defined as wear that has no clearly observable effect, given testing on the dynamic performance of the motor. An example of dynamic performance testing and a showing of negligible wear is shown in FIG. 8. As understood by those skilled in the art, wear acceptability is drive dependent. In some drives the acceptable wear is a few micrograms, and in other drives the acceptable wear is 10 to 100 micrograms. Also, the quantity of oil supplied to the bearing affects the wear acceptability.
An example is next presented of an effect that an embodiment of the present invention has on material wear rates in a spindle motor. A decrease in wear rate results for a steel material wear couple in a spindle motor, when utilizing DLC as in an embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the wear rate decreases by a factor of about 11.4, when utilizing DLC as described above. Specifically, steels SS 303 and DHS 1 exhibit wear rates of 2.1�10−5 (micro-grams)/(newton-mm) when utilized in a spindle motor as a wear couple. Whereas, steels SS 303 (with DLC coating) and DHS1 exhibit wear rates of 1.84�10−6 (micro-grams)/(newton-mm) when utilized in a spindle motor as a wear couple.
Having disclosed exemplary embodiments, modifications and variations may be made to the disclosed embodiments while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, in an embodiment, the present invention can be utilized in a disc drive data storage device having a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic (hydro) bearing spindle.
Further, although the present invention has been described with reference to coatings for disc drive storage systems and spindle motor assemblies, those skilled in the art will recognize that features of the discussion and claims may be practiced with other components, including other systems employing tight bearing gaps within a specified tolerance, particularly technologies where the dynamic performance of the hydrodynamic motor is a function of the gap.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5940246 *Nov 14, 1996Aug 17, 1999Seagate Technolog, Inc.Disc drive hydro bearing lubricant with electrically conductive, non-metallic additive* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7718044Sep 11, 2006May 18, 2010Seagate Technology LlcMethod for controlling shaft coating taperUS7892100 *Apr 14, 2008Feb 22, 2011Seagate Technologies LlcDual tapered shaft for FDB motorUS8169738 *Feb 25, 2011May 1, 2012Nidec CorporationFluid dynamic bearing mechanism including communicating channel, spindle motor, and disk drive apparatusUS8547664 *Dec 10, 2012Oct 1, 2013Western Digital Technologies, Inc.Disk drive actuator pivot bearing having an adsorptive element withinUS8553366 *Dec 7, 2012Oct 8, 2013Western Digital Technologies, Inc.Disk drive with actuator pivot bearing having a surface coating inhibiting lubricant migrationUS8622844Mar 30, 2010Jan 7, 2014Seagate Technology LlcTapered shaft coatingUS8908321 *Jun 13, 2013Dec 9, 2014Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.Spindle motor and hard disk drive including the sameUS20140293477 *Jun 13, 2013Oct 2, 2014Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.Spindle motor and hard disk drive including the same* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification360/99.08, G9B/19.028International ClassificationG11B25/04, G11B19/20Cooperative ClassificationG11B25/043, G11B19/2009European ClassificationG11B19/20ALegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJul 19, 2013ASAssignmentOwner name: EVAULT INC. (F/K/A I365 INC.), CALIFORNIAFree format text: TERMINATION AND RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENT RIGHTS;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT AND SECOND PRIORITY REPRESENTATIVE;REEL/FRAME:030833/0001Effective date: 20130312Owner name: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, CAYMAN ISLANDSEffective date: 20130312Free format text: TERMINATION AND RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENT RIGHTS;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT AND SECOND PRIORITY REPRESENTATIVE;REEL/FRAME:030833/0001Free format text: TERMINATION AND RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENT RIGHTS;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT AND SECOND PRIORITY REPRESENTATIVE;REEL/FRAME:030833/0001Effective date: 20130312Owner name: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: TERMINATION AND RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENT RIGHTS;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT AND SECOND PRIORITY REPRESENTATIVE;REEL/FRAME:030833/0001Owner name: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY US HOLDINGS, INC., CALIFORNIAEffective date: 20130312Mar 14, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Mar 24, 2011ASAssignmentOwner name: THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT,Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC;REEL/FRAME:026010/0350Effective date: 20110118Jan 19, 2011ASAssignmentFree format text: RELEASE;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:025662/0001Owner name: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC, CALIFORNIAEffective date: 20110114Owner name: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, CALIFORNIAEffective date: 20110114Free format text: RELEASE;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:025662/0001Free format text: RELEASE;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:025662/0001Effective date: 20110114Owner name: MAXTOR CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAEffective date: 20110114Owner name: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY HDD HOLDINGS, CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:025662/0001May 1, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jun 10, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:AMEEN, MOHAMMAD MAHBUBUL;KHAN, RAQUIB UDDIN;REEL/FRAME:014165/0732Effective date: 20030609RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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Handmade Black and White Wooden Cross Inspirational Decor | Etsy
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BBC Four - Angelic Voices: The Choristers of Salisbury Cathedral - QR code We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. We also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, if you would like to, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Skip to content Skip to local navigation Accessibility Help BBC iD BBC iD Settings Sign out BBC navigation News Sport Weather Capital Culture Shop TV Radio More… Search term: BBC FourAngelic Voices: The Choristers of Salisbury Cathedral
HomeClips Angelic Voices: The Choristers of Salisbury Cathedral QR code What is this? A QR code is a type of barcode which can contain links to webpages. Mobile phones with a camera and an appropriate application are able to read these codes and take you to the address contained within it. This code will link to the page for Angelic Voices: The Choristers of Salisbury Cathedral when read using a QR code reader. You may save, print or share the image. Also available in: small, large You might also like…

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3 I know that you can split a form out in twig and choose to not render the label for a particular field, but I can't help but think that you must be able to do this from the form class. The 'label' key in the options array lets you change this value to whatever you like, but passing either false or an empty string just returns the field name (see examples below where 'roles' is rendered as the label).
Sep 22 at 11:25
How in i display label with form field in collections of forms in symfony2

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Occupy Wall Street: ‘Torah’ missing after Zuccotti Park eviction - WorldViews - The Washington Post
???initialComments:true! pubdate:11/15/2011 22:31 EST! commentPeriod:14! commentEndDate:11/29/11 10:31 EST! currentDate:4/27/15 8:0 EDT! allowComments:false! displayComments:true!
U.N. satellite images show Nepal before and after earthquake	Nepal’s other disaster: Its politics	How to help the victims of Nepal’s devastating earthquake	The picturesque village of Barpak was at the epicenter of Nepal’s earthquake. Now it’s flattened.	Australian reporter fired after tweeting that soldiers raped and pillaged during storied Gallipoli campaign	Stories By Date
Full Monthly Archive	Posted at 10:31 PM ET, 11/15/2011
Nov 16, 2011 03:31 AM EST
Occupy Wall Street: ‘Torah’ missing after Zuccotti Park eviction
By Elizabeth Flock and T.J. Ortenzi
Zuccotti Park is photographed after the New York Police Department executed an early morning eviction. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer)
Occupy The Highway protester Michael Glazer says he has seen it all at Zuccotti Park. But he wasn’t around for the latest standoff between police and protesters. Now, he’s worried about what he says is his missing “Torah.”
Before Glazer set out to march from New York City to Washington, D.C., he was based out of the privately owned park. Among the possessions that the unemployed actor brought with him from Chicago to New York was his Tanakh, a Jewish holy book that contains texts like the Torah. To ensure a light load for the march ahead, Glazer, who’s Jewish, decided to leave the religious text at Occupy Wall Street. He stashed it in a backpack at the Comfort Tent and left it in the care of those he trusted.
When the NYPD cleared the park early Tuesday morning and evicted protesters, Glazer’s Tanakh, along with a typewriter and other books owned by protesters, were seized by police. While the whereabouts of Glazer’s Tanakh are unclear, police have since said that protesters may reclaim seized property Wednesday at the 57th street Sanitation Garage.
Below is video of Glazer filing a complaint with the NYPD.
By	Elizabeth Flock and T.J. Ortenzi
| 10:31 PM ET, 11/15/2011
Next: U.N. satellite images show Nepal before and after earthquake

value: This website is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most-widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area, and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia.


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1976 American Airlines Tennis Games - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Colin Dibley / Sandy Mayer [2]
The 1976 American Airlines Tennis Games was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the Indian Wells Masters and was an ATP sanctioned tournament but was not part of the WCT or Grand Prix seasons. It was played at the Mission Hills Country Club in Palm Springs, California in the United States and ran from March 22 through March 28, 1976.
Main article: 1976 American Airlines Tennis Games – Singles
Jimmy Connors defeated Roscoe Tanner 6–4, 6–4
It was Connors' 5th title of the year and the 58th of his career.
Main article: 1976 American Airlines Tennis Games – Doubles
Colin Dibley / Sandy Mayer defeated Raymond Moore / Erik Van Dillen 6–4, 6–7, 7–6
It was Dibley's 1st title of the year and the 9th of his career. It was Mayer's 2nd title of the year and the 9th of his career.
^ "Palm Springs Men's Singles draw". www.atpworldtour.com. Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). ^ "Palm Springs Men's Doubles draw". www.atpworldtour.com. Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). External links[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1976_American_Airlines_Tennis_Games&oldid=732422736"	Categories: 1976 American Airlines Tennis GamesIndian Wells Masters1976 in American sports1976 in CaliforniaHidden categories: Official website not in Wikidata	Navigation menu
EspañolItaliano	Edit links	This page was last modified on 31 July 2016, at 21:43.

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LLC (Audiobook) by Greg Shields | Audible.com
Say goodbye to scratching your head in confusion. This LLC audiobook could be the answer you're looking for.
Fast and fun reading of pretty much everything you should know prior to start a company.
I will definitely be exploring the topic further after this but it gave me some solid info to get started.
The book is really well written. I can say that this is a complete book about the LLC. Having all the important information in it. I highly recommend this book.
I loved this book, because it explained a lot about not only LLCs, but about corporations and sole proprietorships as well. This is my first time reading a book about creating a business.
Excellent overview of LLC
Great for beginners in the business
This is a good book to get the basics. Shows what's available in different business structures. From this you can pursue deeper into the one that appeals.
This book is a quick and concise guide that explains the ins and outs of starting and running and LLC. I myself will be soon starting my own business so I bought this book to help me see clearly which path to take.
This was well written and I was able to read it entirely with total understanding. It eased my mind about the differences between corporations, LLCs, and Sole Proprietorship. It helped me a lot.
I did not know much about converting different types of businesses into LLC's before listening to this guide. I now know more about the routines and rules of taxations for this type of business as well. The book is very solid and well-written, if you are seriously interested in learning more about LLC, then I can really recommend this one!
This is an easy guide to the LLCs world. I highly recommend it to anyone who wants to learn the basics of creating and managing a LLC.
Informative all steps needed to file paper work and a few do/don'ts few grammatical errors but that aside great stepping stone to get you going
Blessing For The beginners
I am really curious about it, friends told me this is a good start for an entrepreneur like me who is beginner too in the field. This book cleared all my questions about LLC - it was a long read and worthy of the information.
Well Done Narrator
While there is a lot of work and research you'll have to do on your own this book gives a good overview of the process. The narrator did a great job of taking what some would consider "dry" material and making it engaging.
I am interested in starting an LLC for my work at home business. This book gave me all of the information needed to see what needs to be done, to start an LLC and the information you will need to speak to a lawyer, and what you will need to comply with the laws governing LLC.
This book was really well written and explained everything in an easy to digest manner. Seriously worth a book if you are entering into an LLC.
What a brilliant and informative book! I currently own a small business that i run from home but have been considering operating as an LLC rather than sole proprietorship due to the tax benefits. But to be honest tax is so taxing! It does my head in lol.
The title describes this book great. It is a quick read and overview of the pros and cons of starting your business as an LLC. I would say it's a great referees her back to college business courses. I work in finance and think this would be great for a lot of my clients looking to start their own business.
This book makes LLC clear to the layman. It gives information on its history, advantages and disadvantages. You’ll learn how you can establish your own LLC and you’ll discover the criteria you’ll need for setting it up. You’ll also be able to differentiate between the various types of company setup procedures based on IRS standards.
This is a great place to start and is good information to have when you deal with your tax advisor, when you consult an attorney, or while you handle your financial affairs yourself.

value: This website is an American online audiobook and podcast service that allows users to purchase and stream audiobooks and other forms of spoken word content. This content can be purchased individually or under a subscription model where the user receives "credits" that can be redeemed for content monthly and receive access to a curated on-demand library of content.


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Evans off the air | Daily Mail Online
Evans off the air
Chris Evans sensationally admitted last night that his career with Virgin Radio was 'all over'.
Bosses at the station have apparently refused to allow him to return to his breakfast show after he offered to come back following five days off ill.
The multi-millionaire DJ said station executives had offered him £3million not to speak to the Press about the row.
But, clearly furious ,Evans rejected the money and spoke freely to reporters as he left his £1.5million Belgravia home to walk to the local pub.
The 35-year-old said he had been blamed by the station's owners, Scottish Media Group, over a £600million drop in the company's share price.
Dressed in red floral shirt, three-quarter-length shorts and his now trademark floppy red hat he said: 'I've not been sacked, not yet, but it looks like it's all over.
'£600million has come off their share price and they're looking around for someone to blame and it looks like it is me.'
He denied that his decision had anything to do with the arrival of a former Capital Radio DJ Steve Penk who was brought in by Virgin Radio's new boss Paul Jackson who is seen as a rising star in the industry.
Evans said: 'Russell (Williams) will be doing my show tomorrow. Steve Penk has been offered a job and that's fine by me.'
Explaining the situation that has escalated throughout the day, he said he had written a letter to Virgin telling them he did plan to return to his show today.
He said: 'I wrote them a letter saying I wanted to come back and they wrote back to me saying, "Your letter is like a knock on the door, but we are not opening the doorî.'
'It means they won't let me broadcast. The thing is I have plenty of good things in my life. It's not the be-all and end-all. I'm just a DJ, I enjoy doing it but I don't have to.'
It had emerged yesterday that Evans had had a series of rows with new station supremo Paul Jackson.
Evans said last night: 'According to them, I am supposedly unmanageable. I'm really rather happy, but I would rather do my radio show and be happy.'
He added that for the past five days he had been off due to stress, claiming: 'I was completely stressed out, but I saw my doctor today and he gave me a clean bill of health.'
Evans and his 18-year-old wife Billie Piper had been continuing to spend their time at his £6mil-lion Surrey mansion Hascombe Court and his Belgravia flat.
In a blast at his former employers, Evans said: 'When you're a big player you need a big manager. I've had some really big managers on Channel 4, Radio 1 and The Big Breakfast.'
He added: 'SMG own cinemas newspapers and radio stations. Virgin Radio is the only one making money and I'm their biggest star.
'Why treat your biggest asset like that?
'They put restrictions on me which made it difficult to do my job.
'I'm going to ask the shareholders what they think about getting rid of their biggest asset.
'After all, I made most of the guys at the Virgin management millionaires and as for the shares I'm out of pocket by £15million - so I'm as unhappy as everybody else.
'They have offered me £3million not to speak to the Press about my row with Virgin for a year.
'You wouldn't offer money like that unless you have something to hide.'
As for what's next, he added: 'I've no immediate plans for the future.'
As he reached the local pub just in time for last orders last night, he declared: 'Now I am going in for a pint.'
Reacting to Evans' statement, Virgin Radio spokesman Charlotte Blenkinsop said: 'As far as we are concerned we're going to make a statement tomorrow, but will be saying nothing until then.'
The sacking could cost Evans several million pounds in share options which he would have collected if he had stayed on at the station.

value: This website is the website of the Daily Mail, a newspaper in the United Kingdom, and of its sister paper The Mail on Sunday. MailOnline is a division of dmg media, which is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc.


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OverviewBoard MembersCommittees	BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Mary Ann O'Dwyer *Mary Ann O'Dwyer Return to LIMITED BRANDS INCChief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President of Operations & Finance, Director of Wheels and Director11AgeTotal Annual Compensation60-- Elaine S. FrankFrank Consolidated Enterprises, Inc.Board AffiliationsFrank Consolidated Enterprises, Inc.
MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO Mary Ann O'Dwyer NameRelationshipsElaine S. Frank 1 Relationships

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Air Force Operational Capability Subject Matter Expert Salary in Washington, DC | Indeed.com
Air Force Operational Capability Subject Matter Expert Salary in Washington, DC
Air Force Operational Capability Subject Matter Expert in Washington, DC
$101,000 Average Air Force Operational Capability Subject Matter Expert salaries for job postings in Washington, DC are 25% higher than average Air Force Operational Capability Subject Matter Expert salaries for job postings nationwide.
Federal Security Director in Washington, DC
Regional Counsel in Washington, DC
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Air Force Operational Capability Subject Matter Expert in Washington, DC $101,000

Air Force Operational Capability Subject Matter Expert in Washington, DC $101,000

View Larger Salary Graph

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Writing check example Jobs, Employment | Freelancer.com
Writing check example jobs
13,439 writing check example jobs found, pricing in USD
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willycheeks comments on OFFICIAL WEDNESDAY WDIS THREAD: QBjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | Fitness-aww-OldSchoolCool-philosophy-DIY-television-worldnews-funny-history-sports-personalfinance-nosleep-EarthPorn-gadgets-Futurology-LifeProTips-Music-explainlikeimfive-GetMotivated-creepy-books-Art-UpliftingNews-movies-todayilearned-gifs-Documentaries-mildlyinteresting-Jokes-photoshopbattles-dataisbeautiful-AskReddit-pics-Showerthoughts-IAmA-listentothis-WritingPrompts-gaming-nottheonion-InternetIsBeautiful-space-videos-askscience-TwoXChromosomes-food-tifu-news-sciencemore » fantasyfootballcommentsrelatedwant to join? sign in or create an account in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/fantasyfootballuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 02 Oct 201320 points (82% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postfantasyfootballsubscribeunsubscribe113,467 readers339 users here now
a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSMr_Ron_MexicocommongigaStruggleBunnyNarFFL CommishelquesograndeNarFFL CommishbarroomheroNarFFL CommishmoneybagelsNarFFL Commish & 2012 Accuracy Challenge - Top 5 CumulativeFantasyModSurye2011 NarFFL ChampAutoModerator...and 12 more »192021OFFICIAL WEDNESDAY WDIS THREAD: QBMod Post (self.fantasyfootball)submitted 1 year ago by AutoModerator[M]595 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–]willycheeks 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onstandard scoring, I have RG3 on bye and my bench QB is Matt Shaub... i'm thinking of picking someone up to play this week, any suggestions on FA QB's to start this week? Hoyer?
permalink[–]Sackman_and_Throbbin 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onHoyer vs BUF is a good matchup if he's available. Threw for 269 yards and 2 TDs last week against CIN.
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Vacation Home Paradise at Ehupua, Honolulu, HI - Booking.com
Paradise at Ehupua (Vacation Home), Honolulu (USA) Deals
Vacation Home Paradise at Ehupua
1410 Ehupua Street, Honolulu, HI 96821, United States of America – Show map
Paradise at Ehupua is a holiday home which features ocean views and free WiFi throughout the property, and is located in Honolulu. The holiday home is 2.5 mi from Shangri La. Free private parking is available on site.
A balcony (lanai) is available with views of Diamond Head. The kitchen has a wet bar, dishwasher, and an oven. A dining room is provided. A flat-screen TV with cable channels and a DVD player are available. Each bedroom includes air conditioning and ceiling fans.
Other facilities at Paradise at Ehupua include an outdoor pool and a hot tub.
Diamond Head -Leahi is 3.1 mi from Paradise at Ehupua, while University of Hawaii at Manoa is 3.7 mi away. Honolulu Airport is 11 mi from the property.
Paradise at Ehupua has been welcoming Booking.com guests since Jul 3, 2017
When would you like to stay at Paradise at Ehupua?
1 property in Honolulu like Paradise at Ehupua was booked in the last 12 hours
TIMES MARKET, WHOLE FOODS, FOODLANDS Supermarket
KAHALA SHOPPING CENTER Market
TEDDY'S BURGER Restaurant
KO KO MARINA Market
HANAUMA BAY Mountain
Wailupe Beach Rocky
Kahala Beach Golden sand
Facilities of Paradise at Ehupua
House Rules Paradise at Ehupua takes special requests – add in the next step!
Paradise at Ehupua accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival.
Please inform Paradise at Ehupua of your expected arrival time in advance. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly using the contact details in your confirmation.
License number: TA-154-674-7904-01
We need at least 5 reviews before we can calculate a review score. If you book and review your stay, you can help Paradise at Ehupua meet this goal.
251 people are currently looking for a place in Honolulu
How to get to Paradise at Ehupua from Honolulu Airport
886930,911720,922140,937820,932620,929420,937870,935540,922330,931410,940510,936400,936630,758330,924680,911720|6,939070,936840,932530,920360

value: This website is a Dutch online travel agency for lodging reservations & other travel products, and a subsidiary of Booking Holdings. It is headquartered in Amsterdam.The website has over 28 million listings.