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Patent US5389173 - Apparatus and process for making disposable diaper type products - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsApparatus for producing disposable diaper type products such as diapers per se and training pants in which leg elastic strands are captured between a pair of webs which are thereafter united with a fluff pad-equipped web and wherein guide members are employed for traversing the elastic strands to abut...http://www.google.com/patents/US5389173?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5389173 - Apparatus and process for making disposable diaper type productsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5389173 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/131,285Publication dateFeb 14, 1995Filing dateOct 4, 1993Priority dateDec 2, 1992Fee statusLapsedPublication number08131285, 131285, US 5389173 A, US 5389173A, US-A-5389173, US5389173 A, US5389173AInventorsJohn R. Merkatoris, Gary E. JohnsonOriginal AssigneePaper Converting Machine CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (22), Referenced by (48), Classifications (9), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetApparatus and process for making disposable diaper type productsUS 5389173 AAbstract Apparatus for producing disposable diaper type products such as diapers per se and training pants in which leg elastic strands are captured between a pair of webs which are thereafter united with a fluff pad-equipped web and wherein guide members are employed for traversing the elastic strands to abut leg openings in the diaper type product.
We claim: 1. A method for making disposable diapers having leg opening areas comprising the steps of: advancing a fluff pad-equipped first web along a generally horizontal first path, advancing under tension second and third webs along a second path generally parallel to said first path and into a nip provided by a pair of rolls, applying adhesive to said second web prior to entry thereof into said nip, feeding a plurality of continuous elastic strands into said nip into contact with said adhesive, pressing said strands against aid adhesive equipped web just prior to said second web entering said nip, and shifting said strands laterally about leg opening areas in said second and third webs and partially wrapping said second and third webs about one of said rolls, and uniting thereafter said second and third webs with said first web, said steps including controlling the position of said strands closely adjacent said nip by passing said strands through eyelets of flat, resilient member means.
2. Apparatus for making disposable diaper comprising:a frame defining a generally horizontal first path, means on said frame for advancing a fluff pad-equipped first web along said first path, a pair of rolls providing a nip mounted on said frame aligned with said first path and spaced therefrom, a drum mounted on said frame in the space between said first path and said pair of rolls, one of said pair of rolls being positioned closely adjacent said drum, means for advancing under tension along a second path second and third webs into the nip of said rolls, means in said second path for continuously equipping at least one of said webs with adhesive, means for feeding a continuous elastic strand into said nip between said second and third webs and into contact with said continuous adhesive whereby said second and third webs are united and with said strand being united to said second and third webs, said strand feeding means including guide means mounted on said frame closely adjacent said nip for shifting said strand laterally, and roll means on said frame in said first path for cooperating with said drum for uniting said first web with the already united second and third webs, said pair of rolls being positioned relative to said first path so as to have said united second and third webs travel in partial wrapping engagement with said one of said pair of rolls and in partial wrapping engagement with said drum until said first web is united with said already united second and third webs so as to maintain said elastic strand under tension while traveling between said nip and the union of said three webs taking place between said drum and said roll means. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said adhesive equipping means is provided for each of said second and third webs.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said guide means includes a pair of spring members each having a plurality of eyelets therein for individually receiving a plurality of strands.
5. Apparatus for making disposable diaper comprising: a frame defining a generally horizontal first path, means on said frame for advancing a fluff pad-equipped first web along said horizontal path, a pair of rolls providing a nip mounted on said frame aligned with said first path and spaced therefrom, means for advancing under tension along a second path second and third webs into the nip of said rolls, means in said second path for equipping at least one of said webs with adhesive, means for feeding a continuous elastic strand into said nip between said second and third webs and into contact with said adhesive whereby said second and third webs are united and with said strand being united to said second and third webs, said strand feeding means including guide means mounted on said frame closely adjacent said nip for shifting said strand laterally, and means in said first path for uniting said first web with the already united second and third webs, said pair of rolls being positioned relative to said first path so as to have said united second and third webs travel in partial wrapping engagement with one of said pair of rolls, said guide means being generally flat and mounted to project into said nip to press said strand against said adhesive equipped web, said guide means being equipped with an eyelet through which said strand passes in wiping engagement with said guide means.
6. Apparatus for making disposable diapers comprising: a frame defining a generally horizontal path, means on said frame for advancing a fluff pad-equipped first web along said horizontal path, a pair of rolls providing a nip on said frame above and aligned with said path, means for advancing under tension along a second path second and third webs toward said pair of rolls, means on said frame for applying adhesive to at least one of said second and third webs prior to entry thereof into said nip, means for feeding a plurality of continuous elastic strands into said nip between said second and third webs, said strand feeding means including guide means transversely movably mounted on said frame for shifting said strands laterally, said guide means being mounted to press said strands against said adhesive equipped web, said guide means including a generally flat, resilient member positioned closely adjacent said nip, drum means for uniting said second and third webs with said first web, said pair of rolls being positioned adjacent said drum means for maintaining said second and third webs under tension until engagement with said first web, said apparatus including a pair of said generally flat, resilient members, one for each of said second and third webs, each said member having an eyelet and a portion adjacent said eyelet and positioned closely to one of said webs, said strand passing through said eyelet in wiping engagement with said portion to remove any adhesive thereon.
7. Apparatus for making disposable diaper comprising: a frame (14) defining a generally horizontal first path (P1), means (24, 25) on said frame for advancing a fluff pad-equipped first web (27) along said first path, a pair of rolls (15, 16) providing a nip (17) mounted on said frame aligned with said first path and spaced therefrom, means for advancing along a second path (P2) in said frame second and third webs (18, 19) into the nip (17) of said rolls, means (21) in said second path for equipping at least one of said webs with adhesive, means for feeding a continuous elastic strand (20) into said nip between said second and third webs are united and with said strand being united to said second and third webs characterized by, said strand feeding means (22, 23) including guide means mounted on said frame closely adjacent said nip for shifting said strand laterally, and means (24, 25) in said first path for uniting said first web with the already united second and third webs, said pair of rolls being positioned relative to said first path so as to have said united second and third webs (26) travel in partial wrapping engagement with one (16) of said pairs of rolls, said guide means being generally flat and mounted to project into said nip to press said strand against said adhesive equipped web, said guide means being equipped with an eyelet through which said strand passes in wiping engagement with said guide means.
8. Apparatus for making disposable diaper comprising: a frame (14) defining a generally horizontal first path (P1), means (24, 25) on said frame for advancing a fluff pad-equipped first web (27) along said first path, a pair of rolls (15, 16) providing a nip (17) mounted on said frame aligned with said first path and spaced therefrom, means for advancing along a second path (P2) in said frame second and third webs (18, 19) into the nip (17) of said rolls, means (21) in said second path for equipping at least one of said webs with adhesive, means for feeding a continuous elastic strand (20) into said nip between said second and third webs and into contact with said adhesive whereby said second and third webs are united and with said strand being united to said second and third webs characterized by, said strand feeding means (22, 23) including guide means mounted on said frame closely adjacent said nip for shifting said strand laterally, and means (24, 25) in said first path for uniting said first web with the already united second and third webs, said pair of rolls being positioned relative to said first path so as to have said united second and third webs (26) travel in partial wrapping engagement with one (16) of said pair of rolls, said guide means including a relatively elongated member having a first end portion, a transition portion and a second end portion, an eyelet in said second end portion, mounting means in said first end portion, said transition means being angled to dispose said first and second end portions in different planes.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 in which there are two guide means, each having a plurality of eyelets for directing a plurality of strands between said second and third webs.
10. Apparatus for making disposable diaper comprising: a frame (14) defining a generally horizontal first path (P2), means (24, 25) on said frame for advancing a fluff pad-equipped first web (27) along said first path, a pair of rolls (15, 16) providing a nip (17) mounted on said frame aligned with said first path and spaced therefrom, means for advancing along a second path (P2) in said frame second and third webs (18, 19) into the nip (17) of said rolls, means (21) in said second path for equipping at least one of said webs with adhesive, means for feeding a continuous elastic strand (20) into said nip between said second and third webs and into contact with said adhesive whereby said second and third webs are united and with said strand being united to said second and third webs characterized by, said strand feeding means (22, 23) including guide means mounted on said frame closely adjacent said nip for shifting said strand laterally, and means (24, 25) in said first path for uniting said first web with the already united second and third webs, said pair of rolls being positioned relative to said first path so as to have said united second and third webs (26) travel in partial wrapping engagement with one (16) of said pair of rolls, said strand feeding means including a subframe mounted on said frame (14), cylinder means (53) interconnecting said frame and subframe to pivot said subframe and withdraw said guide means (23) from said nip (17).
11. The apparatus of claim 10 in which said frame is equipped with a cross shaft (60) pivotally mounted in the side frames (14a, 14b) of said frame, an L-shaped arm (59) fixed to said cross shaft and carrying one of said rolls (15) at one end thereof, second cylinder means (56) interconnected between said frame and the other end of said L-shaped arm; and means (61, 62, 63) associated with said cross shaft (60) and other roll (16) for pivoting said other roll away from said uniting mean (26).
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 984,468, filed Dec. 2, 1992, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF INVENTION This invention relates to apparatus for making disposable type diaper products and, more particularly, diaper products (such as diapers per se and training pants) wherein there is a contoured leg elastic. A representative prior art patent is U.S. Pat. No. 4,801,345.
The principal object of this invention is to create elastic gathers around the leg openings in disposable products such as the above-mentioned infant diapers and training pants Two problems are involved which the invention has solved.
A first problem lies in the inability to hold the elastic in the desired contour. Once the elastic strand or strands are laid down onto the adhesive-equipped web, the cross machine forces tend to roll or slide the elastic, reducing the amplitude of the profile. The amount of change is a function of adhesive "green tack", line speed and pressing means.
A second problem lies in the fact that elastic profiles may differ significantly from the profile program for the guide means for the elastic. This is due to the length of elastic between the guide means and the adhesive-equipped web. Typically one to two inches of free elastic are involved. The guide would then need to travel the distance greater than the desired profile to account for the transverse distance lost in the free span of the elastic.
The first listed problem has been efficiently solved through the provision special guide means in combination with a pair of nip rolls and the second problem relating to maintaining the desired profile has been solved by trapping the elastic strands between two webs, typically one of nonwoven and one of polyethylene.
Japanese Applications 4028-363-A and 4028-364-A show introducing contoured leg elastic strands between two plies of the diaper, U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,487 which show a single web plus contoured elastic strands passing between a pair of rollers and PCT WO 89/09550 which shows contoured strands applied to a web.
According to the instant invention, the two webs, at least one of which has adhesive, are passed along with the elastic strands into a two-roll nip and subsequently travel in partial wrapping engagement with one of the rolls. Thus, the outer web tension is converted to pressure so that the strand profile is preserved by giving the glue time to set so as to maintain the width of the webs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING The invention is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which
FIG. 1 is a top plan view, somewhat schematic, of a construction of disposable training pants;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of apparatus employed in the production of the diaper type training pants illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged side elevational view partly in section of the elements located centrally of the machine in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a guide element for transversely shifting the elastic strands;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the guide element of FIG. 4 in the process of guiding elastic strands onto one of the nip rollers;
FIG. 6 is a developed end elevational view of the apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary side elevational view similar to FIG. 2 but showing the parts in a different condition, i.e., where the guide elements are pivoted away from their positions in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 8 is another fragmentary side elevational view of the apparatus seen in FIG. 2 but showing the nip rolls in a different condition, i.e., pivoted away from each other and from the larger advancing drum.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION In the illustration given and with particular reference to FIG. 1, the numeral 10 designates generally a diaper type construction which advantageously can be used for training pants. It is made with the waist elastic 11 extending in the machine direction MD and the leg elastics 12, 12' are displaced in the cross machine direction to circumscribe the areas 13 which define leg openings. It is also within the purview of the invention to do a similar profile for products made in the other direction, i.e., with waist elastics in the cross machine direction. Still further, each of the leg elastics 12, 12' can be single strand (one per side of the opening 13) or preferably multiple strand. Further reference will be made to FIG. 1 after describing the apparatus and method for installing the elastic strands.
Now referring to FIG. 2, the numeral 14 designates generally the frame of the machine which conventionally has a pair of side frames as at 14a, and 14b (see FIG. 6). FIG. 6 is a projected version, illustrating the various parts in spaced relation so as to better appreciate their relationship. The actual relationship of the various rolls, for example, is featured in FIG. 2.
As seen in the central part of FIG. 2, the frame 14 rotatably supports a pair of nip-forming rolls 15 and 16 which develop a nip 17. This nip receives, for example, a polyethylene web 18 (center left) and a nonwoven web 19 (upper right). Sandwiched between the webs 18, 19 are one or more individual elastic strands 20--three being shown in the upper center of FIG. 2.
Now referring to FIG. 3, the nip rolls 15 and 16 just referred to are shown in larger scale and also seen are the webs 18 and 19. Each of webs 18, 19 may be advantageously equipped with adhesive such as would be applied, for example, to the web 19 by the nozzles 21, 21a--see the upper right portion of FIG. 2. Adhesive (A) provided by a transverse line of nozzles 21 is employed to unite the strand or strands 20 to the web or webs and also unite the webs 18, 19 together. Two laterally spaced nozzles 21a are employed for the securing waistband elastic (not shown) longitudinally of the web.
Operation Generally Two pluralities (12, 12'--see FIG. 1) of strands 20 are provided from spools 22, 22' mounted on frame 14--see the upper central portions of FIGS. 2 and 6. These are directed into a pair of guide means 23, 23'--see FIG. 3. The details of the guide member 23 for directing three strands 20 into the nip 17 are seen in FIGS. 4 and 5. In FIG. 5, only the lower guide member 23 is seen projecting into the nip 17 and pressing against the web 18.
As indicated above, trapping of the elastics overcomes the first problem discussed above, the normal inability of diaper/training pant machines to hold the elastic strands in the desired contour. The trapping of the elastic provided by the invention results in pressing and holding the elastic without contaminating the rolls in the machine.
Referring to FIG. 3 (which is an enlarged view of the guide members 23, 23' and the nip-forming rolls 15, 16), the guide member 23', for example, rides on the adhesive-equipped web 19 while the guide means 23 rides on the web 18. Each web may have an adhesive pattern or profile laid on in the same fashion as the nozzle 21' lays down the pattern on web 19. Nozzles like those at 21, 21' can be employed relative to the web 18.
The guide members 23, 23' press the elastic strands 20 directly onto the web. Since the guide members (see FIG. 5) extend into the nip--virtually to the point of tangency of the rolls 15, 16--the adhesive quickly grips the strands 20. In this fashion, the profile of the strands follows the profile developed by travel of the guide members very closely. This overcomes the second mentioned problem where the elastic profiles could differ significantly from the profile described or followed the elastic guide means.
Referring to FIG. 2, the strands 20 now captured between webs 18, 19 proceed around a drum 24 which operates in conjunction with a bump roll 25 to apply the composite laminated web 26 to a basic nonwoven web 27.
The bump roll 25 is conventional in the art and is reciprocably urged against the drum 24 to move between the solid line position illustrated wherein the roll bears against the pad 28 and the dashed line position 25' where it bears against the three web laminate consisting of the united webs 26 and the web 27 between pads.
The nonwoven web 27 constitutes the inner web of the ultimate training pants or diaper and supports thereon fluff pads as at 28. As the web 27 equipped with pads 28 passes through the nip 29 between the drum 24 (which may have a vacuum assist) and roll 25, the two web-composite or laminate 26 is adhered to the basic or inner nonwoven web 27 to provide a diaper product having the following in proceeding from the interior: a nonwoven web 27, pad 28, non-woven web 19, elastic strands 20 and polyethylene web 18.
The non-woven web 27 is equipped with adhesive to integrate the fluff pads 28 and the laminate 26 thereto to provide the multilayer product 30. As seen in FIG. 2, this multi-layer product web passes around anvil roll 31 which, with its cooperating die knife roll 32, is rotatably mounted on the frame 14. The rolls 31, 32 operate to cut out chips 13a which result in the leg openings 13--see FIG. 1. The cutouts or chips 13a are advantageously removed by a vacuum waste tube 33--see FIG. 2 at the lower right. This results in the construction 34 which is also seen at the left in FIG. 1.
Now referring to FIG. 1, the leg elastics 12, 12' are seen to cross over the fluff pads 28 at 35 and follow the contour of the leg openings 13. After the diaper construction 10 has been achieved, the construction can be folded over as at 36 to provide the configuration designated 37, the sides are superposed as at 38. Thereafter the individual units can be severed from the continuous stream to provide the final diaper or pant 39.
Apparatus Summary Summarizing, there is a frame 14 which defines a generally horizontally extending first path P1 (FIG. 2) between side frames 14a and 14b (FIG. 6). There are means on the frame including drum 24 and roll 25 for advancing a first web 27 equipped with fluff pads 28. There are a pair of rolls 15, 16 mounted on the frame 14 and providing a nip 17--these rolls 15, 16 being aligned with the first path P1 and vertically spaced therefrom.
The frame 14 also defines a second path including parts P2, P2a along which are respectively advanced second and third webs 18, 19 toward and into the nip 17 between rolls 15, 16. The rolls 15, 16 serve to advance the webs 18, 19. The part P2a of the second path has means in the form of nozzles 21, 21a for equipping one of the webs 19 with adhesive (A). In some instances it may be advantageous to apply adhesive to both webs or just to the web 18 alone. If so, an adhesive nozzle means can be mounted on the frame 14 adjacent the position 21b.
There is also provided a means including spools 22, 22' and guide means 23, 23' for feeding a continuous elastic strand 20 the nip 17 between the second and third webs 18, 19 and into contact with the adhesive laid down by nozzles 21, 21'. This results in uniting the second and third webs with the strand or strands being united to the second and third webs. The guide means 23, 23' are mounted on the frame closely adjacent to the nip 17 and serve to shift the strand laterally.
The drum 24 and bump roll 25 constitutes means for uniting the first web 27 with the already united second and third webs 18, 19.
The pair of rolls 15, 16 are positioned relative to the first path P, so as to have the united second and third webs 18, 19 travel in partial wrapping engagement with the roll 16 as shown in FIG. 2. More particularly the rolls 15, 16 are positioned closely adjacent the drum 24 and the webs 18, 19 are maintained under tension until they engage the first web 27.
Shifting Features Reference is now made to FIG. 6 where the numeral 40 designates generally the means for traversing the guide means 23, 23'. These advantageously can take the form of cams 41 and 41' which are contoured to develop the desired profile. Pivotally mounted on a part of the frame are rods 42 and 42' which are equipped with cam followers at 43 and 43' so as to develop a traversing motion based upon the cam profile. At their lower ends (as shown), the rods 42, 42' carry the elastic guide members 23, 23' which are mounted for transverse sliding motion on rods 44 and 44'. As seen in FIG. 2, these guide members lead the various elastic strands 20 into the nip 17 between the rolls 15, 16.
A variety of means may be employed for achieving the transverse movement of shifting of the guide means 23, 23'. As shown, cams develop a mechanical linkage for this purpose. Alternatively, translating screws or crank arms can also be applied for mechanical shifting and electricity may be employed through motor operated belts. Still further, the elastic feed means can be achieved through servo motors which drive feed rollers on a side shifting carriage.
Reference is now made to FIG. 4 which features the guide means such as would be seen at 23 and which is adapted to apply the elastic strands. The same construction can be employed to apply 1, 2, 3, etc. elastic strands. The device 23 of FIGS. 4 and 5 includes a flat spring steel member which can be suitably mounted on the machine frame via a bracket 45--see FIG. 3. Suitable bolt openings as at 46 are provided in the supported end of each resilient guide means 23, 23'.
Each of the members 23, 23' at free or cantilevered end is equipped with eyelets 47-49 respectively--through which the strands are threaded. The members 23 have a mounting end 50 and eyelet end 51 and a transition portion 52 in between. This portion 41 disposes the ends 50, 51 in different parallel planes and provides advantageous arm flexing means.
As can be appreciated from a consideration of FIGS. 4 and 5, the eyelets 47-49 have the strands extending therethrough so that the eyelets do not bear directly against the adhesive-equipped web 18 but instead bear against the strand or strands 20. These strands typically have a discrete thickness of the order of about 0.020" and a width of 0.060" so that there is relatively little pick-up of adhesive from the adhesive-equipped web 18 onto the guide. However, should some adhesive be picked up by the eyelets, this is advantageously wiped off by virtue of the shifting of the guide means incident to developing the desired profile for the elastic strands. In other words, the strands move back and forth in the eyelets as the guide means moves transversely to develop the desired profile. This develops an advantageous wiping engagement of the strands with the guide means to remove any adhesive picked up thereby. This could result from the mounting of the guide means 23, 23' to press the strands against an adhesive-equipped web.
Further, with the arrangement of structural features, it is easy to provide for pivoting of the guide means 23, 23' and connected elements to facilitate thread-up.
Pivot Features Reference is now made to FIGS. 7 and 8. In FIG. 7 the guide means 23, 23' have been pivoted clockwise from the showing in FIG. 2 and out of the nip 17. This is achieved through a cylinder and piston rod unit generally designated 53 (see the upper left hand portion of FIG. 7) which has its rod 54 extended--as compared with the showing in FIG. 2. This pivots a subframe 55 which carries the translating means and the various intermediate members terminating in the guide means 23, 23'. The subframe 55 is pivotally mounted on the frame 14 and the pivoting of the subframe 55 to the position of FIG. 7 exposes the guide means 23, 23' for thread-up, size change, etc.
Thereafter, a second pivoting action is performed. This employs the cylinder and piston rod unit generally designated 56 (see the upper left hand portion of FIG. 8). The cylinder and piston rod unit 56 is also seen in FIG. 2 where the rod 57 is retracted compared to the showing in FIG. 8. The work end of the rod 57 is pivotally connected as at 58 to a generally L-shaped arm 59. Intermediate its ends, the arm 59 is affixed to a cross-shaft 60 which is rotatably mounted in the side frames 14a, 14b. More particularly, a pair of L-shaped arms 59 are provided (to support both ends of the roll 15) as can be appreciated from the lower portion of FIG. 6.) So also are provided a pair of cylinder and piston rod units 56. Thus, as the piston rod 57 is extended, the L-shaped arm 59 is pivoted counterclockwise to raise the roll 15 away from the roll 16 which is in contact with the drum 24.
This same counterclockwise movement also moves the roll 16 away from the surface of the drum 24. For that purpose, the roll 16 is carried by arms 61 which are rotatably mounted on the shaft 60. Fixed to the shaft 60 is a lever arm 62 which moves from its FIG. 2 position into engagement with a block 63 on each arm 61. As the L-shaped arm 59 continues to pivot, it causes the lever arm 62 to bear against the block 63 and thus move the arms 61 counterclockwise--to position the roll 16 away from the surface of the drum 24.
Inventive Method In the practice of the inventive method, the following steps are performed in making disposable diapers having leg opening areas:
1. Advancing a fluff pad-equipped first web (27) along a generally horizontal first path P1,
2. advancing second and third webs (18, 19) along a path (P2, P2a) generally parallel to the first path and into a nip (17) provided by a pair of rolls (15, 16),
3. applying adhesive (A) to at least one of the second and third webs (18, 19) prior to the entry thereof into the nip,
4. feeding a continuous elastic strand 20 into the nip and between the second and third webs and into contact with the adhesive while controlling the position of the strand at a point closely adjacent the nip through eyelets (47-49) in guide means (23) and while the strand is resiliently pressed against the adhesive-equipped web just prior to entering the nip,
5. shifting the strand laterally about leg opening areas (13) in the second and third webs by oscillating or travering means (40),
6. uniting the second and third webs with the strand therebetween by passing all three through the nip 17, and
7. uniting the now-united second and third webs (26) with the first web (27) while maintaining the united second and third webs under tension until engagement with the first web--this tension being particularly effective when the second and third webs travel in partial wrapping engagement with the nip forming roll 16 adjacent the drum 24.
As pointed out above, there is an advantageous conversion of the tension in the outer web (19 in the illustration given) to pressure so as to effectively clamp the strand, i.e., maintain the desired profile. This clamping action results in substantially immobilizing the strand in the desired position, i.e., predetermined profile--see FIG. 1.
Although tensioned webs are conventional in the converting art, particularly relating to disposable diapers and the like, there is here a novel usage of the tension to immobilize the strand or strands. Because the outer web 19 in the illustration given has to travel along a larger radius than the inner web 18--as they both travel around a part of the periphery of the roll 16--there is a novel use of the tension as the webs 18, 19 approach the drum 24.
In the illustration given, the drum 24 is equipped with an axially extending shaft 64 on which is mounted a pulley 65 (see the lower right hand portion of FIG. 6). When the rolls 15, 16 are pivoted into operable position as seen in FIG. 2, the rolls 15 and 16 are effectively driven by the drum 24. Thus, whatever tension is provided in the webs 18, 19 it is also maintained throughout the travel of these webs into the nip 17, with the surface of roll 16 and with the surface of the roll 24. Normally, tension is provided on the webs 18, 19 upstream of the nip 17 by virtue of draw rolls (not shown) provided in connection with the unwinds for the various webs 18, 19 and 27. A slight tension--of the order of one pound per transverse lineal inch is maintained in the webs 18, 19 and 27 by virtue of the conventional unwinds in combination with the powered drum 24 and its driven idler rolls 15, 16.
Completing the drive in FIG. 6, we provide a belt 66 entrained on the pulley 65 and further entrained on a pulley 67 mounted on a drive shaft 68. This receives rotational power from a motor (not shown). Also mounted on the drive shaft 68 is a second pulley 69 over which is entrained a belt 70 and which is connected to the elements at the upper part of FIG. 6 for providing traverse motion of the guide means 23, 23'.
While in the foregoing specification a detailed description of an embodiment of the invention has been set down for the purpose of explanation, many variations in the details hereingiven may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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surfacesUS6540857Aug 15, 2000Apr 1, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Method of applying curved leg elastics using curved pucksUS6551430 *May 31, 1995Apr 22, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Process for making a training pant having a unitary waist elastic systemUS6569275Aug 15, 2000May 27, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Method of optimizing tension in applying leg elasticsUS6585841Aug 15, 2000Jul 1, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Method of optimizing spacing between elastic members in applying leg elasticsUS6613033Aug 15, 2000Sep 2, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Pant-like absorbent garments having curved leg cuffsUS6616647Jun 27, 2000Sep 9, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Machine direction manufactured pantUS6632213Nov 5, 1999Oct 14, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Absorbent article with a rolled leg cuffUS6635041Aug 15, 2000Oct 21, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Absorbent garment with asymmetrical leg elastic tensionUS6652504Aug 15, 2000Nov 25, 2003Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Pant-like absorbent garments having curved leak guard flapsUS6689115Aug 15, 2000Feb 10, 2004Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Absorbent garment with asymmetrical leg elastic spacingUS6808582Mar 17, 2003Oct 26, 2004Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Method of optimizing tension in applying leg elasticsUS6827804 *Mar 11, 2002Dec 7, 2004Uni-Charm CorporationProcess for continuously making pants-type diaperUS6890630Dec 20, 2001May 10, 2005Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Elastic composites for garmentsUS6905565 *Aug 5, 2002Jun 14, 2005Uni-Charm CorporationDisposable sanitary article and process for providing such article with elastic members associated with leg-openingsUS7000260Mar 18, 2003Feb 21, 2006Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Disposable garment and related manufacturing equipment and methodsUS7045031Mar 26, 2003May 16, 2006Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Method of optimizing spacing between elastic members in applying leg elasticsUS7048991Jun 21, 2004May 23, 2006Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Elastic composites for garmentsUS7060058Apr 11, 2002Jun 13, 2006Uni-Charm CorporationDisposable pants-type diaper having front panel with elasticized lower edgeUS7097725 *Oct 14, 2003Aug 29, 2006Zuiko CorporationPlacement deviceUS7172669 *Mar 4, 2004Feb 6, 2007Sca Hygiene Products AbMethod for applying elastic members on a pant-shaped absorbent articleUS7442188Nov 26, 2002Oct 28, 2008Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Elastic composites for garmentsUS7721872Sep 21, 2005May 25, 2010Hallys CorporationTransfer apparatusUS7754040Dec 18, 2006Jul 13, 2010Sca Hygiene Products AbMethod for applying elastic members on a pant-shaped absorbent articleUS8142590Oct 27, 2010Mar 27, 2012Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Method of manufacturing a disposable undergarmentUS8147636 *Feb 20, 2009Apr 3, 2012Uni-Charm CorporationManufacturing method of absorbent article and manufacturing apparatus of absorbent articleUS8171972Jan 30, 2009May 8, 2012The Procter & Gamble CompanyStrip guide for high-speed continuous application of a strip material to a moving sheet-like substrate material at laterally shifting locationsUS8182627Jan 30, 2009May 22, 2012The Procter & Gamble CompanyMethod for high-speed continuous application of a strip material to a substrate along an application path on the substrateUS8216410 *Nov 10, 2010Jul 10, 2012Unicharm CorporationManufacturing apparatus of absorbent article and manufacturing method of absorbent articleUS8622984Oct 27, 2010Jan 7, 2014Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Disposable undergarment and related manufacturing equipment and processesUS8702887 *Dec 17, 2010Apr 22, 2014Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Apparatus for and method of applying ribbon in a nonlinear pattern to a webUS20110057012 *Nov 10, 2010Mar 10, 2011Uni-Charm CorporationManufacturing apparatus of absorbent article and manufacturing method of absorbent articleUS20120152440 *Dec 17, 2010Jun 21, 2012Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Apparatus for and method of applying ribbon in a nonlinear pattern to a webUS20130211365 *Mar 15, 2013Aug 15, 2013Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.Disposable Undergarment and Related Manufacturing Equipment and ProcessesWO1995028902A1 *Apr 26, 1995Nov 2, 1995Paragon Trade Brands IncLeg elastic applicatorWO1995032639A1 *May 12, 1995Dec 7, 1995Paragon Trade Brands IncApparatus and method for producing elasticized productsWO1997000654A1 *Mar 29, 1996Jan 9, 1997Paragon Trade BrandsLeg elastic applicatorWO2009136822A1 *May 5, 2008Nov 12, 2009Sca Hygiene Products AbHygienic undergarment and method for manufacturing the hygienic undergarment* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification156/164, 156/495, 156/229, 156/161, 604/385.25, 156/494International ClassificationA61F13/15Cooperative ClassificationA61F13/15609European ClassificationA61F13/15M2B3Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 10, 2007FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20070214Feb 14, 2007LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesAug 30, 2006REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedFeb 15, 2002FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 21, 1998FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Nov 19, 1993ASAssignmentOwner name: PAPER CONVERTING MACHINE COMPANY, ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MERKATORIS, JOHN R.;JOHNSON, GARY E.;REEL/FRAME:006777/0793;SIGNING DATES FROM 19930917 TO 19930922RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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java - Get Pixels From Rotated Bitmap Android - Stack Overflow
2 I am working on a game in Android and I have Bitmap objects being drawn. They are rotated using the Matrix class. The problem I am having is being able to access the pixels of the rotated Bitmap. When I access them after rotation the pixels are still representing the unrotated version. Does anyone have any ideas? Maybe I can rotate the pixel array based on an arbitrary number of degrees? I have seen solutions that create a new bitmaps on the fly based on the newly rotated images, but I can't do this because of performance issues. Thanks!
Here is how I draw the bitmap currently (The bitmap is drawn using the matrix as its position)...
canvas.drawBitmap(bitmapPlayer, positionMatrix, null);
Here is how I create the positionMatrix variable...
m.postRotate(degrees, bitmapCenterX, bitmapCenterY);
positionMatrix.set(m);
Here is how I access the pixels currently (This accesses the pixel array I created below)...
Here is how I build the pixel array that I have tried to modify...
// Build pixel 2d array
pixelData = new int[bitmapPlayer.getWidth()][bitmapPlayer.getHeight()];
for(int x=0; x<bitmapPlayer.getWidth(); x++) {
for(int y=0; y<bitmapPlayer.getHeight(); y++) {
pixelData[x][y] = bitmapPlayer.getPixel(x, y);
Here is how I have tried to manipulate the array...
public void rotatePixels(int degrees) {
int[][] newPixelData = new int[bitmapPlayer.getWidth()][bitmapPlayer.getHeight()];
double cos = Math.cos(Math.toRadians(degrees));
double sin = Math.sin(Math.toRadians(degrees));
if(pixelData[x][y] != 0) {
int currentX = x + getTopLeftX();
int currentY = y + getTopLeftY();
if(nextX >= 0 && nextX < bitmapPlayer.getWidth() && nextY >= 0 && nextY < bitmapPlayer.getHeight()) {
newPixelData[nextX][nextY] = 1;
this.pixelData = newPixelData;
java android graphics bitmap share|improve this question edited Feb 8 '12 at 20:21
2 Please show us your code.
@Michael I updated my post with some code.
mat.postRotate(45);
Bitmap newBm = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmapPlayer, 0, 0, bitmapPlayer.width(), bitmapPlayer.height(), mat, true);
and then accessing the pixels of the new Bitmap?
I think right now you just draw a rotated bitmap on the canvas, you're not actually rotating the bitmap
The way you do it in your orinigal post won't work because you start at (0,0) and work your way down the left column... Depending on the rotation degree you'd have to start at a different place and then go down a different column. i.e. a small ctrclkwise rotation and you start at the top right index.
Bitmap bm = someImage;
int degree = rotateDegree % 360; // counterclockwise
if (degree >= 0 && degree < 90) {
startx = bm.getWidth();
} else if (degree >= 90 && degree < 180) {
starty = bm.getWidth();
} else if (degree >= 180 && degree < 270) {
startx = 0();
And then try traversing the image that way, starting at (startx, starty)
and adding or subtracting the correct angle (you can use some boolean to keep track
of whether you're adding or subtracting from x or y respectively). Let me know if this works,
and if it doesn't can you be a little more specific about where you think the problem might be?
I have done this and it is way to slow for my needs. I had high hopes that this would be an easy solution when I had tried it too. It does exactly what I need, but at a major loss in performance unfortunately...
Edited -- let me know if that helps at all
I'll give it a try! Thanks for putting some thought into it, I appreciate it. I'll prob throw this method into C and access it through JNI to help with performance a bit too. I'll get back to you when I get a chance to try it.
No problem -- you might skip pixels though with rounding and such, or count others twice. How accurate does it need to be? What do you need to do with the pixel data?
Yea I know it wont be perfect and I think after a while it would be completely messed up but I'll need to try it. I was hoping to make it pretty accurate. My game has some pointy images that collide with bigger images and I need it to be pretty precise.
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text:
3 bedroom town house for sale in *New Price*
www.rightmove.co.uk/property/37825171
For your convenience and to prevent delay, detailed information is shown here.
Maintained to an excellent standard by the current Vendor, this well proportioned 3 bedroom townhouse offers spacious accommodation throughout. Well positioned for access to a wide variety of local amenities, the property offers easy access to York City Centre. Features include; 2 reception rooms, double glazing, gas central heating, attractive low maintenance gardens and no forward chain. Internal inspection is essential to appreciate this super example. Accommodation comprises:
Double glazed entrance door leads to;
Having useful built-in storage, stairs to the first floor, radiator and a door leading to;
Living room Complemented by ceiling coving & dado rail, double glazed bay window to the front aspect, double radiator and 2 feature open arches leading to;
Dining room Also with ceiling coving & dado rail, recess with useful under-stairs storage cupboard (with light), 2 double radiators, double glazed patio doors to the rear aspect and a door leading to;
Kitchen Fitted with a range of wall & base units, having work surfaces over incorporating a sink unit with tiled surrounds to complement. Spaces for washing machine & cooker and a double glazed window to the rear aspect.
Bedroom Double glazed window to the front aspect, picture rail, ornamental feature fire-place, radiator and a useful built-in cupboard with storage over.
Bedroom Double glazed window to the rear aspect, built-in wardrobes providing ample storage (housing gas boiler) and a radiator.
Bedroom Double glazed window to the front aspect, radiator and a built-in cupboard.
Bathroom Suite comprising bath with shower over, low level wc & pedestal basin with tiled surrounds to complement. Wall mounted gas water heater and a useful built-in cupboard.
The property is further complemented by low maintenance gardens to the front and rear.
We have been advised by the Vendor that the property is freehold and we are awaiting confirmation from the Vendor�s Solicitors.
These particulars are intended to give a general outline only, and under no circumstances should they be considered to represent any part of an offer, contract or warranty. If any prospective purchaser is intending to travel a long distance to view a property, we recommend they are satisfied with the information contained herein. All measurements are approximate and no survey has been carried out.
Property reference BRT100.
95 Burton Green, YO30
39 Burton Green, YO30
29 Burton Green, YO30

value: This website is a UK-based company that runs rightmove.co.uk, the UK's largest online real estate portal and property website. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.


text: Amazon.co.uk: Beautiful Jewellery Company Ltd - Last 30 days / Men's / Rings: Jewellery Amazon Try Prime Your Amazon.co.uk Today's Deals Gift Cards Sell Help Shop by Department Hello. Sign in Your Account Try Prime Basket Wish List Search Rings Rings All Departments Amazon Instant Video Apps & Games Baby Beauty Books Car & Motorbike CDs & Vinyl Classical Clothing Computers & Accessories Digital Music DIY & Tools DVD & Blu-ray Electronics & Photo Garden & Outdoors Gift Cards Grocery Health & Personal Care Jewellery Kindle Store Kitchen & Home Large Appliances Lighting LOVEFiLM by Post Luggage Musical Instruments & DJ PC & Video Games Pet Supplies Shoes & Bags Software Sports & Outdoors Stationery & Office Supplies Toys & Games VHS Watches Jewellery


text:
On 16 May, a lawyer named Aaron Schlossberg was in a New York cafe when he heard several members of staff speaking Spanish ... After studying Amerindian languages in the New World, he came to the conclusion that every language “draws a circle” around its speakers, creating a distinct worldview through its grammar as well as in its vocabulary ... A resident of another linguistic hotspot, the Sepik region of Papua New Guinea, once told Evans....
“Prior to this, I had only ever encountered individual tarantulas, either outside of a burrow like with the Goliath Bird-eaters, walking through the leaf-litter, or clinging to the sides of trees.” While the blue tarantula is yet to be formally described, it is most likely new to science, Snyder added....
Familiar Stranger by Stuart Hall review – from Jamaica to the New Left and Thatcherism ... His fierce championing of social engagement – as exemplified in his editorship of the New Left Review – was underpinned by compassion, delivered in a voice as smooth as the finest rum ... The Amerindians, dragooned into forced labour and succumbing to new diseases, were wiped out within decades of their contact with European colonisers....
They wanted to enter just as the Jonestown pioneers did back in 1974, when a preacher named Jim Jones sent some of his heartier followers all the way from California to begin work on a new socialist paradise in South America. Through sheer will, and with some guidance from the local Amerindian community, they built a small city in the middle of the jungle ... And so Jones took his flock to Jonestown, the new home of Peoples Temple....

value: This website is a news aggregator founded in March 1995 and launched online in 1998. In 2003, Search Engine Watch praised the service for its "Special Reports", and called it "an interesting alternative" to other news aggregation services.


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[bug] Subreddit hover info only works on first page of never ending reddit. : RESissuesjump to contentmy subredditsedit subscriptionspopular-all-random | AskReddit-funny-pics-videos-movies-worldnews-todayilearned-gifs-news-aww-gaming-Showerthoughts-IAmA-mildlyinteresting-television-OldSchoolCool-Jokes-nottheonion-tifu-LifeProTips-explainlikeimfive-sports-personalfinance-science-photoshopbattles-TwoXChromosomes-EarthPorn-Futurology-food-dataisbeautiful-space-Art-WritingPrompts-books-Documentaries-Music-UpliftingNews-askscience-creepy-nosleep-history-gadgets-DIY-GetMotivated-listentothis-philosophy-blog-InternetIsBeautiful-announcementsmore » RESissuescommentsWant to join? Log in or sign up in seconds.|Englishlimit my search to r/RESissuesuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 09 May 20122 points (67% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginGot an issue?RESissuessubscribeunsubscribe2,295 readers15 users here nowReddit Enhancement Suite is a community-driven unofficial browser extension for reddit.
If you're interested in coding for reddit or RES, check out Reddit Enhancement Suite on Github, /r/redditdev, and /r/javascript. created by honestbleepsRES Authora community for 5 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORShonestbleepsRES Authorgavin19Support TortoiseandytubaWhooshing ThingsmatheodThe Cookie Man,XenoBenEdgeerikdesjardins⅒× programmerlarsaabout moderation team »discussions in r/RESissues<>Xerror "No File Selected" when trying to restore from a backup file1 · 1 comment [bug] Single Click Opener does not place tabs at the end. Still no fix?2 Can we get an option to change the Dropbox file path of our settings backup?1 · 2 comments Frequent Updates?2 · 1 comment Numbered Links in Comments option disables tab switching via Alt-#4 Why does my Dashboard constantly erase all my settings?3 · 11 comments On Microsoft Edge, RES will randomly not work until I click refresh5 · 6 comments RES no longer working, My subreddits drop down not functioning.7 · 6 comments Basically most of important the functions on reddit aren't working for me.5 · 1 comment Â symbol next to karma score?This is an archived post. You won't be able to vote or comment.
123[bug] Subreddit hover info only works on first page of never ending reddit.Resolved Bug (self.RESissues)submitted 5 years ago by Parker147
Browser Version: 18
2 commentssharereportall 2 commentssorted by: besttopnewcontroversialoldrandomq&alive (beta)[–]gavin19Support Tortoise 1 point2 points3 points 5 years ago (0 children)Thanks, fixed for the next release.
permalinkembedsavegive gold[–]liljay2k 0 points1 point2 points 5 years ago (0 children)Just realized I have this issue as well. permalinkembedsavegive goldPosts are automatically archived after 6 months.Got Itaboutblogaboutsource codeadvertisecareershelpsite rulesFAQwikireddiquettemod guidelinescontact usapps & toolsReddit for iPhoneReddit for Androidmobile websitebuttons<3reddit goldredditgiftsUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. © 2017 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.create a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember mesign uplog inusername:password:remember mereset passwordlog inBy signing up, you agree to our Terms and that you have read our Privacy Policy and Content Policy.English [en]Afrikaans [af] (*)العربية [ar] (*)Беларуская мова [be] (*)български език [bg]বাংলা [bn-IN] (*)বাংলা [bn-bd] (*)Bosanski [bs] (*)català [ca]česky [cs]Cymraeg [cy] (*)dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo] (*)español [es]español [es-ar]español [es-cl]Español [es-mx]eesti keel [et] (*)Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]Filipino [fil] (*)français [fr]Français [fr-ca]Frysk [fy-NL] (*)Gaeilge [ga-ie] (*)Gàidhlig [gd]Galego [gl] (*)עברית [he] (*)मानक हिन्दी [hi] (*)hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id] (*)íslenska [is]italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la] (*)1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt] (*)latviešu valoda [lv]Bahasa Melayu [ms] (*)Malti [mt-MT]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir] (*)polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl] (*)српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh]简化字 [zh-cn] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 76118 on app-399 at 2017-07-24 13:11:57.584729+00:00 running d5ad74e country code: US.

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text:
How Go Jetters can help your child discover the world - CBeebies - BBC
How Go Jetters can help your child discover the world
All Go Jetters
Go Jetters - How Go Jetters can help your child discover the world
Dr Paula Owens, lead consultant of "Go Jetters", CBeebies' animated geography based programme, discusses how learning geography encourages children to use their natural curiosity and imagination to learn about both their immediate world and the bigger world around them.
Little ones are naturally curious and want to know everything about the world. If you’ve been asked why mountains are tall, why does the rain fall, or why it takes so long to get to some countries, you can find answers to these using geography!
We tend to think of geography as focusing solely on places on a map, but the subject is about much more. Geography teaches us about the Earth’s features such as oceans, islands, deserts and forests, as well as climates, the weather and human development. “Geography is about so much more than where places are and what they are called,” says Dr Paula Owens, consultant to the Geographical Association. “It helps explain how everything we do has a bearing on other people, places and environments - for good and bad. Dr Owens is also the lead consultant for Go Jetters, CBeebies’ geography based programme.
What is it about geography that children find fascinating?
According to Dr Owens, children are natural explorers from a very young age. They love to explore the real world around them; their back gardens, local parks and neighbourhoods. “Children hear about the wider world through a range of stories and perhaps some knowledge from their own backgrounds and travels. “ She added that children are fascinated by the little bits of everyday life: a twig, a tiny burrow in the ground or a patterned stone. Geography provides skills to help them strengthen their exploration skills.
Children are also fascinated with people from different backgrounds and places. You can use geography to teach kids about how people use the land, plants and animals in different parts of the world in their daily lives. So, for example, you can explain to your children why some people live in houses made of clay, why some people are nomadic, and why some people’s houses are on stilts.
Programmes such as Go Jetters can be a good way to introduce your child into geography.
How do I get my child interested in geography?
Dr Owens’ advice is simple: go outside! “The real world is on your doorstep no matter where you live so go there, talk about it, notice things and ask questions together.”
You don’t need to buy expensive maps or globes - you could just use postcards, posters, a jigsaw or even something as simple as a road atlas. Dr Owens suggests buying an inexpensive inflatable globe to show your little one how the world looks as a 3D model. You can also make simple maps with your little ones - why not draw a map that shows the routes to the local shops or to school or nursery?
Talk to your children about famous landmarks and natural features and where they are located. The Great Pyramids in Giza, which is Egypt, the Victoria Falls on the boundary of Zambia and Zimbabwe, the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Grand Canyon in Arizona, USA are all examples you could use with your children.
CBeebies programmes such as Teacup Travels, Andy’s Wild Adventures and Mr Bloom Here and There can be a way of getting your child interested in geography. You can ask them questions about the places and things they’ve seen in the programmes. Start a conversation with your little one by asking questions such as “would Mr Bloom see a lion in London?” and then discuss their answers.
How geography can help literacy and maths skills.
We tend to see a lot of focus on literacy and maths once children start nursery and primary school, but learning geography complements and enhances these essential skills. Literacy and maths skills work best when given a real-world context and geography provides this. “Geography requires a great deal of vocabulary to name, describe and explain places; how they are changing and what is happening there. It enables young children to be confident communicators about the world and to make better sense of what they encounter.”
Dr Owens says that maths is incredibly well served by geography. She says that mathematical language such as distance, time, capacity, scale, height and shape are essential in describing the world.
“How high is Mount Everest? Where is it and how far is it from where I live? How big is the UK compared to the USA? We can present data to children in a way that can be easily understood. This might be done with simple visuals such as colourful graphs, reports, or tables.”
CBeebies' "Global Glitch" featuring the Go Jetters is one geography based game your children can play.
Games are a perfect way to teach your children geography. The CBeebies Go Jetters game, “Global Glitch” is one way for your little ones to play geography games. Dr Owens has some other ideas for geography games you can play with your little ones:
Give your child an inflatable globe and ask a question such as “show me the continent of Africa / Antarctica / Europe etc”.
Have a treasure hunt using a homemade map.
Make a memory game by printing pictures and locations of famous landmarks or geographical features and sticking them to card. Your child should match the picture to the location i.e. Mt Rushmore to USA.
Make a simple outdoor explorer kit with a map, compass, and camera.
Use modelling clay to make 3D landscapes of things such as beaches or volcanoes. Perhaps even create a setting from one of the Go-Jetters adventures around the world.
Find out more how you can spark your child's curiosity about the world around them with these articles from CBeebies Grown-ups:
Exploring the seasons with children
Why should children play outside?
Understanding the World: learning area
Play CBeebies Games in Welsh, Scottish Gaeli...
Number of loves 51
Seven tips for gardening with kids
Number of loves 94
Number of loves 18

value: This website is the BBC's online service. It is a large network of websites including such high-profile sites as BBC News and Sport, the on-demand video and radio services co-branded BBC iPlayer, the children's sites CBBC and CBeebies, and learning services such as Bitesize.


text:
Boy left for dead after hit-and-run in Aberdeen | Daily Mail Online
'Who did this to my son?': Boy, eight, is left for dead with four teeth smashed out after a hit-and-run driver ploughed him down as he played on his BMX
LJ Jackson was taken to hospital with horrendous facial injuries in Aberdeen
Eight-year-old was knocked off his new BMX on pavement outside his house
Police now hunting for moped rider who fled scene with one of his friends
LJ is now being treated for his injuries at Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital
Published: 02:38 EDT, 5 September 2017 | Updated: 04:17 EDT, 5 September 2017
An eight-year-old boy has been left for dead with four of his teeth smashed out after a hit-and-run moped driver ploughed him down as he played on his bicycle.
LJ Jackson was taken to hospital with horrendous facial injuries after he was knocked off his new BMX bike on a pavement outside his house in Aberdeen.
His father Leslie Jackson, 31, dashed outside on Sunday with his partner Kerry Paterson, 30, and saw LJ lying injured on the street at the back of the property.
LJ Jackson (pictured) was taken to hospital with horrendous facial injuries after he was knocked off his new BMX bike on a pavement outside his house in Aberdeen
Their boy was knocked over at about 4.30pm, and police are now hunting for the moped rider who fled the scene on Cornhill Terrace along with one of his friends.
Miss Paterson said: 'His dad said he heard a scream of panic and I ran through and I looked out my window and saw him on the ground and then I automatically ran out the back door and it's pretty much a blur from there.
'When I got to LJ he was unconscious. His leg was entwined. He sustained quite a bad head injury. He lost four teeth - two front ones.
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'I just want these people found - how can you drive away and not phone emergency services? How can you just leave an eight-year-old to lie like that?'
LJ is now being treated for his injuries at the Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, and his family have been visiting him in the ward to keep him company.
Kerry Paterson, 30, saw her son LJ lying injured on the street at the back of the property. The boy is now being treated in hospital for his injuries at the Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital
He said: 'These two disgusting people didn't even have the decency to phone, alert or shout for the emergency services or surrounding help - they left my beautiful eight-year-old nephew choking on his own blood and tangled in the wreck.
'Initially the doctors thought he had a fractured leg. Four of his teeth were knocked out and only two of them were baby teeth.
'My sister went home to look for his adult teeth and the hospital have managed to put them back in. His face was in quite a mess due to the impact of the collision.
'He was quite distressed but is doing really well. He was apologising to his mum for missing school for the next few days and is more upset about his football boots and bike being ruined. He's walking around today but is very tired.'
The family have been touched by the kindness of strangers who have rallied round to help them after finding out about LJ and his injuries.
Some city residents have sent messages of support on social media offering to buy the schoolboy a new bike and a football kit.
LJ was knocked over on Cornhill Terrace (pictured) in Aberdeen at about 4.30pm on Sunday, and police are now hunting for the moped rider who fled along with one of his friends
He added: 'I hope people think more carefully about riding their bikes, especially in areas where you really shouldn't be. He was knocked down on a footpath in a school area right outside the back door of his house.
'It is just awful. It is an area where you would expect it would be a safe place.'
Police were continuing their search for the biker involved in the crash yesterday and appealed for members of the public to help track him down.
Inspector Mark Stephen said: 'This has been a very upsetting incident for the boy concerned and his family and it will naturally be distressing for the community.
'We are continuing inquiries today and can confirm that a positive line of inquiry is being followed. I would appeal directly to the community and residents in the local area to assist us.
'If you saw something which may assist us or if you have any knowledge please come forward.
'A grey moped was involved in the incident and we are also looking to trace two males aged in their late teens who may be able to help us with our inquiries.'
Boy left for dead after hit-and-run in Aberdeen

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