text:
Re: [Gramps-devel] string splitting
From: Rob Healey <robhealey1@gm...> - 2010-01-26 21:24:07
Dear Jon and Doug:
I truly appreciate all of the help and the information!
Thanks for looking up the information on the Exif.Image.DateTime standard...
Thanks for telling me about the Date() formatting...
On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 11:24 AM, Doug Blank <doug.blank@...> wrote:
> On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 1:54 PM, Jon Clements <joncle@...>wrote:
>> Well, the exif2 standard seems to state it should always be in ISO
>> format...
>> DateTime
>> The date and time of image creation. In this standard it is the date and
>> time the file was changed. The format is
>> "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS" with time shown in 24-hour format, and the date
>> and time separated by one blank
>> character [20.H]. When the date and time are unknown, all the character
>> spaces except colons (":") may be filled
>> with blank characters, or else the Interoperability field may be filled
>> with blank characters. The character string
>> length is 20 bytes including NULL for termination. When the field is
>> left blank, it is treated as unknown.
>> Some ideas for processing dates if you have to try and cater for the
>> multiple formats...
>> 1) See if Gramp's DateHandler module couldn't be used / modified.
> We can do this. Actually, it may already be the case that str(Date())
> always gives an ISO date (with slashes). If you just split on space, you can
> use Date("YYYY/MM/DD") so you just need to change the ":" to "/" to make the
> default date parser work.
>> 2) Use try/except around a list of date formats until you get one that
>> returns a valid date/datetime
>> 3) Check out any possible python recipes (maybe something similar to
>> Perl's ParseDate module)
>> 4) Use regex's
>> 5) Use pyparsing
>> Rob Healey wrote:
>> > Dear Jon:
>> > Yes, I agree that works great when you know the format of the string!
>> > But I need something that will work no matter how the string is
>> formatted?
>> > Something like:
>> > "2010 01 26"
>> > "2010 01 26 16:45:00"
>> > "2010 Jan 26"
>> > "01 Jan 2010"
>> > "01 Jan 2010 16:45:09"
>> > "2010-01-26 16:45:25", etc....
>> > The format of the "Exif.Image.DateTime" key in exiv2 is not specific
>> > to any format....
>> > Sincerely yours,
>> > Rob G. Healey
>> > On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 4:10 AM, Jon Clements <joncle@...
>> > <mailto:joncle@...>> wrote:
>> >     Rob Healey wrote:
>> >         Greetings All:
>> >         Considering this is my string, how can I split it into its
>> >         pieces or is it even possible?  I really don't need to split
>> >         it into pieces, but into a datetime.datetime variable.  Is
>> >         there a date feature in gramps or python that can do this for
>> >         Sincerely yours,
>> >         Rob G. Healey
>> >         The Planet: dedicated and managed hosting, cloud storage,
>> >         colocation
>> >         Stay online with enterprise data centers and the best network
>> >         in the business
>> >         Choose flexible plans and management services without
>> >         long-term contracts
>> >         Personal 24x7 support from experience hosting pros just a
>> >         phone call away.
>> >         http://p.sf.net/sfu/theplanet-com
>> >         Gramps-devel mailing list
>> >         Gramps-devel@...
>> >         <mailto:Gramps-devel@...>
>> >         https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/gramps-devel
>> >     Are you perhaps after datetime.strptime (I don't see what string
>> >     you could be referring too...) ?
>> >     >>> from datetime import datetime
>> >     >>> datetime.strptime('20100126', '%Y%m%d')
>> >     datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 26, 0, 0)
>> >     hth
>> >     Jon.
Re: [Gramps-devel] Probably alive
From: jerome <romjerome@ya...> - 2010-01-26 19:40:55
alive_people.png
alive.gramps
> but if you have a good test database that would be helpful.
I have tried to group them into "alive.gramps".
--- En date de : Mar 26.1.10, Doug Blank <doug.blank@...> a écrit :
> Objet: Re: [Gramps-devel] Probably alive
> Date: Mardi 26 Janvier 2010, 19h17
> On Tue, Jan 26,
> 2010 at 12:49 PM, Jérôme <romjerome@...>
> Thank you, alive algorithm is more accurate, :)
>  but I still get some minor errors...
> * Gramplet "Age on Date" displays 121 years old
> individuals but I set 110 years (max age) into preferences
> True, by setting +/-10 years before/after a date (default
> 50), limit becomes 110 years.
> birth : about 1889
> death : after 9/3/1969
> will return about 121 years on year 2010 !
> So, it looks like for Age on Date we should use
> the maximum age as a hard cut-off.
> * Someone married on 1842 (just this family event), noted
> "alive" [1]
> Interesting... currently we only look at birth
> and death events (and their fallbacks). We could look at any
> other event and if the person is in a primary role, use that
> as evidence as happening *sometime* during their Lifetime.
> That would catch marriage, and any other.
>  * Someone dead (about date) but
> buried (validated complete date), noted "alive".
> Same as the first one : to set +/- 10 years and zombie will
> rest in peace.
> Hmmm. Interesting, again! So in this case, the
> burial (fallback) has more detail than the death event
> itself. Arguably, one should adjust the death date to be
> "before BURIAL-DATE" rather than "about
> DEATH-DATE". I'm not sure we should do anything
>  * On bug-report [2], I used
> "ALIVE" as surname because gramps thought they
> were alive, but they cannot be alive.
> Alive algorithm still list them as alive, so I tried to use
> "Calculate Estimated Date" tool [3], but it seems
> that code should not try to translate the column and use it
> as key :
> 867091: ERROR: gramps.py: line 120: Unhandled exception
>   File
> "trunk/src/plugins/tool/CalculateEstimatedDates.py",
> line 397, in select_all
>     select_col =
> self.table.model_index_of_column[_("Select")]
> KeyError: u'S\xe9lectionner'
> That looks like an error in CED. I'll look
> at that.
> or it is an other unicode issue ?
> True, by making the change on tool
> ∕_("Select")/("Select")/
> I am able to select all keys, but column header is no more
> So, after running the tool I saw that "ALIVE (but
> dead)" people are still "there" ! And the
> individual with only one marriage event on 1842, too.
> Should I re-open some bug-reports [1][2] ?
> I'll look at these, but if you have a good
> test database that would be helpful. Just mark their
> surnames as "Should be Alive". You can make their
> Given names be descriptive too: "Born before
> 1847", "Married on 1799/1/1", etc.
> Thanks, Jérôme!
> [1] http://www.gramps-project.org/bugs/view.php?id=2806
> [2] http://www.gramps-project.org/bugs/view.php?id=3464
> [3] http://www.gramps-project.org/bugs/view.php?id=3464#c12310
> I've just committed a refined probably_alive to Utils.
> This is still a recursive, intensive algorithm... even more
> so now than before. This does a few things:
> 1) rewrite of algorithm to be a bit simpler, but more
> thorough
> 2) fixes a few inconsistencies (now uses fallbacks where
> possible)
> 3) fixes a few missing checks (now checks spouses)
> 4) share code between CalcEstDates tool and Utils
> It also ends up being a bit more conservative about
> declaring someone dead, so in some cases your database will
> have perhaps 10% more people considered alive. You can tweak
> that by changing the Preferences -> Dates.
> You can use the Calculate Estimated Dates Tool to get an
> explanation for why gramps thinks someone is alive.
> There is one special case: if you are looking for people
> probably_alive Today and they have a death event, then they
> are considered dead no matter what (even if the event
> doesn't have a date). Therefore, you will get different
> results if you see who was probably alive yesterday (or last
> year). The reason for this is that if you have a death
> event, you know that a person died in the past, but you
> don't know when. If you look to see if a person was
> alive in the past (yesterday and prior) then you can say for
> certain if they were dead then without know a death date.
> Please let me know of anything that looks wrong. Tools to
> use to test: Probably Alive person filter, Calc Est Date
> tool, and Age on Date Gramplet.
> The next step is to remove some of the Date Preferences
> that aren't needed anymore, and remove the
> probably_alive_old functions from Utils. I was going to make
> an option to use a fast, non-recursive probably_alive, but I
> don't think there is a reason to now: one can just
> calculate estimated dates, and then it will be fast where it
> can be. Gramps-connect will use a narrower non-recursive
> definition of probably_alive, but that is irrelevant here.
> Take advantage of Verizon's best-in-class app
> development support
From: Doug Blank <doug.blank@gm...> - 2010-01-26 19:24:22
On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 1:54 PM, Jon Clements <joncle@...> wrote:
> Well, the exif2 standard seems to state it should always be in ISO
> DateTime
> The date and time of image creation. In this standard it is the date and
> time the file was changed. The format is
> "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS" with time shown in 24-hour format, and the date
> and time separated by one blank
> character [20.H]. When the date and time are unknown, all the character
> spaces except colons (":") may be filled
> with blank characters, or else the Interoperability field may be filled
> with blank characters. The character string
> length is 20 bytes including NULL for termination. When the field is
> left blank, it is treated as unknown.
> Some ideas for processing dates if you have to try and cater for the
> multiple formats...
> 1) See if Gramp's DateHandler module couldn't be used / modified.
We can do this. Actually, it may already be the case that str(Date()) always
gives an ISO date (with slashes). If you just split on space, you can use
Date("YYYY/MM/DD") so you just need to change the ":" to "/" to make the
default date parser work.
> 2) Use try/except around a list of date formats until you get one that
> returns a valid date/datetime
> 3) Check out any possible python recipes (maybe something similar to
> Perl's ParseDate module)
> 4) Use regex's
> 5) Use pyparsing
> Rob Healey wrote:
> > Dear Jon:
> > Yes, I agree that works great when you know the format of the string!
> > But I need something that will work no matter how the string is
> formatted?
> > "2010 01 26"
> > "2010 01 26 16:45:00"
> > "2010 Jan 26"
> > "01 Jan 2010"
> > "01 Jan 2010 16:45:09"
> > "2010-01-26 16:45:25", etc....
> > The format of the "Exif.Image.DateTime" key in exiv2 is not specific
> > to any format....
> > On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 4:10 AM, Jon Clements <joncle@...
> > <mailto:joncle@...>> wrote:
> >     Rob Healey wrote:
> >         Greetings All:
> >         Considering this is my string, how can I split it into its
> >         pieces or is it even possible?  I really don't need to split
> >         it into pieces, but into a datetime.datetime variable.  Is
> >         there a date feature in gramps or python that can do this for me?
> >         Sincerely yours,
> >         Rob G. Healey
> >         The Planet: dedicated and managed hosting, cloud storage,
> >         colocation
> >         Stay online with enterprise data centers and the best network
> >         in the business
> >         Choose flexible plans and management services without
> >         long-term contracts
> >         Personal 24x7 support from experience hosting pros just a
> >         phone call away.
> >         http://p.sf.net/sfu/theplanet-com
> >         Gramps-devel mailing list
> >         Gramps-devel@...
> >         https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/gramps-devel
> >     Are you perhaps after datetime.strptime (I don't see what string
> >     you could be referring too...) ?
> >     >>> from datetime import datetime
> >     >>> datetime.strptime('20100126', '%Y%m%d')
> >     datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 26, 0, 0)
> >     hth
> >     Jon.
From: Jon Clements <joncle@go...> - 2010-01-26 18:54:48
Well, the exif2 standard seems to state it should always be in ISO
The date and time of image creation. In this standard it is the date and
time the file was changed. The format is
"YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS" with time shown in 24-hour format, and the date
and time separated by one blank
character [20.H]. When the date and time are unknown, all the character
spaces except colons (":") may be filled
with blank characters, or else the Interoperability field may be filled
with blank characters. The character string
length is 20 bytes including NULL for termination. When the field is
left blank, it is treated as unknown.
Some ideas for processing dates if you have to try and cater for the
multiple formats...
1) See if Gramp's DateHandler module couldn't be used / modified.
2) Use try/except around a list of date formats until you get one that
returns a valid date/datetime
3) Check out any possible python recipes (maybe something similar to
Perl's ParseDate module)
4) Use regex's
5) Use pyparsing
> Dear Jon:
> Yes, I agree that works great when you know the format of the string!
> But I need something that will work no matter how the string is formatted?
> "2010 01 26"
> "2010 01 26 16:45:00"
> "2010 Jan 26"
> "01 Jan 2010"
> "01 Jan 2010 16:45:09"
> "2010-01-26 16:45:25", etc....
> The format of the "Exif.Image.DateTime" key in exiv2 is not specific
> to any format....
> On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 4:10 AM, Jon Clements <joncle@...
> <mailto:joncle@...>> wrote:
>     Rob Healey wrote:
>         Greetings All:
>         Considering this is my string, how can I split it into its
>         pieces or is it even possible?  I really don't need to split
>         it into pieces, but into a datetime.datetime variable.  Is
>         there a date feature in gramps or python that can do this for me?
>         Sincerely yours,
>         Rob G. Healey
>         The Planet: dedicated and managed hosting, cloud storage,
>         Stay online with enterprise data centers and the best network
>         in the business
>         Choose flexible plans and management services without
>         Personal 24x7 support from experience hosting pros just a
>         http://p.sf.net/sfu/theplanet-com
>         Gramps-devel mailing list
>         Gramps-devel@...
>         https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/gramps-devel
>     Are you perhaps after datetime.strptime (I don't see what string
>     you could be referring too...) ?
>     >>> from datetime import datetime
>     >>> datetime.strptime('20100126', '%Y%m%d')
>     datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 26, 0, 0)
>     Jon.
From: Doug Blank <doug.blank@gm...> - 2010-01-26 18:17:10
On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 12:49 PM, Jérôme <romjerome@...> wrote:
>  but I still get some minor errors...
> * Gramplet "Age on Date" displays 121 years old individuals but I set 110
> years (max age) into preferences dialog.
> True, by setting +/-10 years before/after a date (default 50), limit
> becomes 110 years.
So, it looks like for Age on Date we should use the maximum age as a hard
> * Someone married on 1842 (just this family event), noted "alive" [1]
Interesting... currently we only look at birth and death events (and their
fallbacks). We could look at any other event and if the person is in a
primary role, use that as evidence as happening *sometime* during their
Lifetime. That would catch marriage, and any other.
> * Someone dead (about date) but buried (validated complete date), noted
> "alive". Same as the first one : to set +/- 10 years and zombie will rest in
> peace.
Hmmm. Interesting, again! So in this case, the burial (fallback) has more
detail than the death event itself. Arguably, one should adjust the death
date to be "before BURIAL-DATE" rather than "about DEATH-DATE". I'm not sure
we should do anything here.
> * On bug-report [2], I used "ALIVE" as surname because gramps thought they
> Alive algorithm still list them as alive, so I tried to use "Calculate
> Estimated Date" tool [3], but it seems that code should not try to translate
> the column and use it as key :
>  File "trunk/src/plugins/tool/CalculateEstimatedDates.py", line 397, in
> select_all
>    select_col = self.table.model_index_of_column[_("Select")]
That looks like an error in CED. I'll look at that.
> True, by making the change on tool /_("Select")/("Select")/
> I am able to select all keys, but column header is no more translated.
> So, after running the tool I saw that "ALIVE (but dead)" people are still
> "there" ! And the individual with only one marriage event on 1842, too.
I'll look at these, but if you have a good test database that would be
helpful. Just mark their surnames as "Should be Alive". You can make their
Given names be descriptive too: "Born before 1847", "Married on 1799/1/1",
Thanks, Jérôme!
>  I've just committed a refined probably_alive to Utils. This is still a
>> recursive, intensive algorithm... even more so now than before. This does a
>> few things:
>> 1) rewrite of algorithm to be a bit simpler, but more thorough
>> 2) fixes a few inconsistencies (now uses fallbacks where possible)
>> 3) fixes a few missing checks (now checks spouses)
>> 4) share code between CalcEstDates tool and Utils
>> It also ends up being a bit more conservative about declaring someone
>> dead, so in some cases your database will have perhaps 10% more people
>> considered alive. You can tweak that by changing the Preferences -> Dates.
>> You can use the Calculate Estimated Dates Tool to get an explanation for
>> why gramps thinks someone is alive.
>> There is one special case: if you are looking for people probably_alive
>> Today and they have a death event, then they are considered dead no matter
>> what (even if the event doesn't have a date). Therefore, you will get
>> different results if you see who was probably alive yesterday (or last
>> year). The reason for this is that if you have a death event, you know that
>> a person died in the past, but you don't know when. If you look to see if a
>> person was alive in the past (yesterday and prior) then you can say for
>> certain if they were dead then without know a death date.
>> Please let me know of anything that looks wrong. Tools to use to test:
>> Probably Alive person filter, Calc Est Date tool, and Age on Date Gramplet.
>> The next step is to remove some of the Date Preferences that aren't needed
>> anymore, and remove the probably_alive_old functions from Utils. I was going
>> to make an option to use a fast, non-recursive probably_alive, but I don't
>> think there is a reason to now: one can just calculate estimated dates, and
>> then it will be fast where it can be. Gramps-connect will use a narrower
>> non-recursive definition of probably_alive, but that is irrelevant here.
>> http://p.sf.net/sfu/verizon-dev2dev_______________________________________________
From: Jérôme <romjerome@ya...> - 2010-01-26 17:49:50
Thank you, alive algorithm is more accurate, :)
but I still get some minor errors...
* Gramplet "Age on Date" displays 121 years old individuals but I set
110 years (max age) into preferences dialog.
True, by setting +/-10 years before/after a date (default 50), limit
becomes 110 years.
birth : about 1889
death : after 9/3/1969
will return about 121 years on year 2010 !
* Someone married on 1842 (just this family event), noted "alive" [1]
* Someone dead (about date) but buried (validated complete date), noted
"alive". Same as the first one : to set +/- 10 years and zombie will
* On bug-report [2], I used "ALIVE" as surname because gramps thought
they were alive, but they cannot be alive.
Alive algorithm still list them as alive, so I tried to use "Calculate
Estimated Date" tool [3], but it seems that code should not try to
translate the column and use it as key :
867091: ERROR: gramps.py: line 120: Unhandled exception
File "trunk/src/plugins/tool/CalculateEstimatedDates.py", line 397,
in select_all
select_col = self.table.model_index_of_column[_("Select")]
KeyError: u'S\xe9lectionner'
or it is an other unicode issue ?
True, by making the change on tool ∕_("Select")/("Select")/
I am able to select all keys, but column header is no more translated.
So, after running the tool I saw that "ALIVE (but dead)" people are
still "there" ! And the individual with only one marriage event on 1842,
Should I re-open some bug-reports [1][2] ?
[1] http://www.gramps-project.org/bugs/view.php?id=2806
[2] http://www.gramps-project.org/bugs/view.php?id=3464
[3] http://www.gramps-project.org/bugs/view.php?id=3464#c12310
> I've just committed a refined probably_alive to Utils. This is still a recursive, intensive algorithm... even more so now than before. This does a few things:
> 1) rewrite of algorithm to be a bit simpler, but more thorough
> 2) fixes a few inconsistencies (now uses fallbacks where possible)
> It also ends up being a bit more conservative about declaring someone dead, so in some cases your database will have perhaps 10% more people considered alive. You can tweak that by changing the Preferences -> Dates.
> You can use the Calculate Estimated Dates Tool to get an explanation for why gramps thinks someone is alive.
> There is one special case: if you are looking for people probably_alive Today and they have a death event, then they are considered dead no matter what (even if the event doesn't have a date). Therefore, you will get different results if you see who was probably alive yesterday (or last year). The reason for this is that if you have a death event, you know that a person died in the past, but you don't know when. If you look to see if a person was alive in the past (yesterday and prior) then you can say for certain if they were dead then without know a death date.
> Please let me know of anything that looks wrong. Tools to use to test: Probably Alive person filter, Calc Est Date tool, and Age on Date Gramplet.
> The next step is to remove some of the Date Preferences that aren't needed anymore, and remove the probably_alive_old functions from Utils. I was going to make an option to use a fast, non-recursive probably_alive, but I don't think there is a reason to now: one can just calculate estimated dates, and then it will be fast where it can be. Gramps-connect will use a narrower non-recursive definition of probably_alive, but that is irrelevant here.
Re: [Gramps-devel] error that does not crash
From: Gerald Britton <gerald.britton@gm...> - 2010-01-26 14:23:06
Yeah, I saw that!  Guess some good came of my work with that after
all.  Nice find, Doug!
On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 7:24 AM, Doug Blank <doug.blank@...> wrote:
> On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 3:19 AM, Rob Healey <robhealey1@...> wrote:
>> I do not know who was last working on this, but I think Nick!
>> Warning: DbBsddb: Exception occurred in callback function.
>>   File "/home/Frog/trunk/src/gen/utils/callback.py", line 405, in emit
>>     fn(*args)
>>   File "/home/Frog/trunk/src/gui/views/listview.py", line 695, in
>> row_update
>>     self.goto_handle(handle)
>> NameError: global name 'handle' is not defined
> A previous bug revealed by Gerald's optimizations (happened to have worked
> because for-loops leak their iterating variable, in Python 2.x. Gerald got
> rid of the loop, and revealed the bug.). I've fixed the bug in latest trunk.
From: Doug Blank <doug.blank@gm...> - 2010-01-26 14:12:49
On Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 3:19 AM, Rob Healey <robhealey1@...> wrote:
> I do not know who was last working on this, but I think Nick!
> Warning: DbBsddb: Exception occurred in callback function.
>   File "/home/Frog/trunk/src/gen/utils/callback.py", line 405, in emit
>     fn(*args)
>   File "/home/Frog/trunk/src/gui/views/listview.py", line 695, in
> row_update
>     self.goto_handle(handle)
> NameError: global name 'handle' is not defined
A previous bug revealed by Gerald's optimizations (happened to have worked
because for-loops leak their iterating variable, in Python 2.x. Gerald got
rid of the loop, and revealed the bug.). I've fixed the bug in latest trunk.
From: Jon Clements <joncle@go...> - 2010-01-26 12:10:25
> Considering this is my string, how can I split it into its pieces or
> is it even possible?  I really don't need to split it into pieces, but
> into a datetime.datetime variable.  Is there a date feature in gramps
> or python that can do this for me?
Are you perhaps after datetime.strptime (I don't see what string you
could be referring too...) ?
>>> datetime.strptime('20100126', '%Y%m%d')
datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 26, 0, 0)
[Gramps-devel] error that does not crash
From: Rob Healey <robhealey1@gm...> - 2010-01-26 08:19:47
I do not know who was last working on this, but I think Nick!
Warning: DbBsddb: Exception occurred in callback function.
File "/home/Frog/trunk/src/gen/utils/callback.py", line 405, in emit
File "/home/Frog/trunk/src/gui/views/listview.py", line 695, in row_update
self.goto_handle(handle)
NameError: global name 'handle' is not defined
Re: [Gramps-devel] using month names in gramps
From: Brian Matherly <brian@gr...> - 2010-01-26 04:08:10
> I remember a while back that there was some discussion
> about month names in gramps.  Was the final decision to use
> GrampsLocale or something different???  if something
> different, please give me an example, please!
DateHandler.displayer.long_months[1]
gives you "January"
DateHandler.displayer.short_months[1]
gives you "Jan"
The string will be localized.
Don't use GrampsLocale for months.
[Gramps-devel] using month names in gramps
From: Rob Healey <robhealey1@gm...> - 2010-01-26 04:01:19
I remember a while back that there was some discussion about month names in
gramps.  Was the final decision to use GrampsLocale or something
different???  if something different, please give me an example, please!
[Gramps-devel] string splitting
From: Rob Healey <robhealey1@gm...> - 2010-01-26 03:15:59
Considering this is my string, how can I split it into its pieces or is it
even possible?  I really don't need to split it into pieces, but into a
datetime.datetime variable.  Is there a date feature in gramps or python
that can do this for me?
Re: [Gramps-devel] Third-party plugins, aka Addons
From: Doug Blank <doug.blank@gm...> - 2010-01-26 00:01:50
On Mon, Jan 25, 2010 at 2:05 PM, Brian Matherly <brian@...>wrote:
> >> It looks like you've made good progress. I
> >> only have one nit: the name "for_gramps" is not
> >> very descriptive. Without reading your documentation, I
> >> would be inclined to set it equal to "True".
> >> Consider changing that to something descriptive like
> >> "gramps_target_version" or
> >> "gramps_api_version".
> > Yes, I don't like the name
> > "for_gramps" either... any other ideas? This is a
> > setting that says that this plugin was designed for a
> > particular version of gramps. Thus, "setting =
> > '3.2'" means the plugin should go with gramps
> > 3.2. I was trying to keep the name short, but I agree that
> > descriptive is better.
> I prefer "gramps_target_version". It may not be as short as you like, but
> in this case, I think clarity trumps brevity.
Changed in trunk, gramps-addons, and wiki documentation. It is now
gramps_target_version, and should be set to exactly "3.2".
> Again, this is a nit. But it is actually the most important part of the
> registration because it is the one thing we can't change later. As such,
> we'll be stuck with it forever!

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text:
Patent US6963682 - Beam altering fiber lens device and method of manufacture - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA multi-lens apparatus for altering the mode field of an optical signal is disclosed. The apparatus includes an optical fiber having a core region defining an optical axis and a GRIN-fiber lens positioned in relation to one end of the optical fiber. A biconic lens including an external surface defined...http://www.google.com/patents/US6963682?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6963682 - Beam altering fiber lens device and method of manufactureAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6963682 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/202,562Publication dateNov 8, 2005Filing dateJul 23, 2002Priority dateMar 4, 2002Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCN1317579C, CN1646959A, US20030165292, WO2003076994A1Publication number10202562, 202562, US 6963682 B2, US 6963682B2, US-B2-6963682, US6963682 B2, US6963682B2InventorsVenkata A. Bhagavatula, Nagaraja Shashidhar, John HimmelreichOriginal AssigneeCorning IncorporatedExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (35), Non-Patent Citations (5), Classifications (24), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetBeam altering fiber lens device and method of manufactureUS 6963682 B2Abstract A multi-lens apparatus for altering the mode field of an optical signal is disclosed. The apparatus includes an optical fiber having a core region defining an optical axis and a GRIN-fiber lens positioned in relation to one end of the optical fiber. A biconic lens including an external surface defined by two different curves disposed substantially orthogonal to one another, a major curve C1 and a minor curve C2, with C1 and C2 intersecting at or near the optical axis is positioned in relation to an end of the GRIN-fiber lens remote from the fiber. A method of manufacturing a multi-lens apparatus for altering the mode field of an optical signal, and an optical assembly are also disclosed.
Another approach has been to form a microlens on an end of an optical fiber to provide optical coupling between a semiconductor laser and an optical waveguide. In such an approach, the lens is directly and integrally formed on an end face of the optical fiber at a portion of the fiber on which light from the light source is incident. Such an optical fiber is hereafter referred to as a, �lensed optical fiber�. When manufacturing light-emitting modules using such lensed optical fibers, the number of required component parts can be reduced since there is no need for light-converging lenses apart from the fiber itself, and since the number of operations associated with axial alignment may also be reduced. Lensed optical fibers are referred to as anamorphic lensed optical fiber when the lens formed on the end of the optical fiber is capable of changing the mode field of an optical signal passed therethrough. More specifically, an anamorphic lens formed on the end of the optical fiber is generally capable of changing the elliptical mode field of an optical signal emitted from a laser diode to a substantially circularly symmetric optical signal, which can be more efficiently coupled to the core of an optical fiber having a circularly symmetric mode field.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One aspect of the present invention relates to a multi-lens apparatus for altering the mode field of an optical signal. The apparatus includes an optical fiber having a core region defining an optical axis and a GRIN-fiber lens positioned in relation to one end of the optical fiber. A biconic lens, having an external surface defined by two different curves disposed substantially orthogonal to one another, a major curve C1 and a minor curve C2, with C1 and C2 intersecting at or near the optical axis, is positioned in relation to an end of the GRIN-fiber lens remote from the fiber.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a top view of an exemplary multi-lens apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2I is a cross-sectional view of the biconic lens taken along lines 2I�2I of FIG. 2G.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. An exemplary embodiment of the multi-lens apparatus of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B and is designated generally throughout by reference numeral 20.
The GRIN-fiber may then be cleaved or �taper-cut� to the appropriate length compared to the quarter pitch to form GRIN-fiber lens 24. The process of making a �taper-cut,� or �taper-cutting,� in accordance with the present invention is described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/812,108, filed Mar. 19, 2001, entitled, �Optical Waveguide Lens And Method Of Fabrication,� which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. The cleaved or taper-cut end of the GRIN-fiber lens 24 so formed may then be shaped by an approach, such as, but not limited to, polishing or laser micro-machining, into a wedge shape having suitable wedge angles. The parameters of the GRIN-fiber lens 24, the wedge angles, and rounding radius values may be designed based upon the required working distance and pigtail fiber 22 mode field, and the final mode field shape requirements of the given coupling application. The rounding of the appropriate wedge angles results in a biconic lens 26 disposed on an end of the GRIN-fiber lens 24 remote from pigtail fiber 22, wherein the external surface of the biconic lens 26 is defined by two different curves disposed substantially orthogonal to one another, a major curve C1 and a minor curve C2, where C1 and C2 intersect at or near the optical axis 38 of multi-lens apparatus 20 of the present invention.
b 2=c 2−a 2 with c being the distance 56 between the apex 54 and the focal point 58 of the hyperbola (h+c,k) and with a being the distance 60 between the apex 54 and the hyperbola apex 62.
Wedge angle=2*(tan−(b/a)) The independently variable curves of the external surface defined on biconic lens 26 provide the anamorphic lens effect and design flexibility to meet the mode coupling requirements for numerous applications. Moreover, the rounded wedge with a controlled radius acts as an anamorphic lens, whereas the GRIN-fiber lens acts as a spherical lens. By defining the parameters of the wedge, and the GRIN-fiber lens, the properties of the anamorphic lens such as the mode field diameter of the focused beam, its aspect ratio (i.e., its ellipticity), and the image distance of the focused beam from the tip of the rounded wedge may be controlled. Such lenses provide anamorphic lens effects for optical coupling along the direction of the optical axis 38 of pigtail fiber 22. It is also possible to arrive at a variety of designs where the core or the outside diameter, size, shape and index difference of the GRIN-fiber lens and pigtail fibers can be varied for different applications. For example, it is possible to have the outside diameter of the GRIN-fiber lens the same, smaller, or larger than the pigtail fiber to accommodate beams of varying size. The shape of the GRIN-fiber lens, the pigtail fiber, and any spacer rods can be non-cylindrical, such as square or rectangular, or may be marked with alignment grooves 41 or otherwise for ease of manufacturing and to facilitate alignment with the polarization axis of the pigtail fiber 22. By aligning the planar sides or markings with the polarization axis of pigtail fiber 22, further processing, such as polishing the wedges and coupling to a laser diode or other optical component with proper polarization axes is simplified.
EXAMPLE An example of an in-line beam altering multi-lens apparatus and optical assembly in accordance with the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention will now be described.
An exemplary in-line multi-lens apparatus 80, including a biconic lens 26, is shown schematically in FIG. 7 with reference to the variables described below. The exemplary multi-lens apparatus includes a source 82 of an optical signal, in this case a laser diode capable of emitting a signal at an operating wavelength �wav�; Mode-field-diameter (MFD) in the x-direction (vertical direction) of wx0(μm), and MFD in the y-direction of wy0 (μm). The beam from the source 82 propagates through a medium (most commonly air) of index (nl) for a distance (z) before falling on a biconic lens 26 with radii of curvature of (RLx) (μm) in the x-direction and (Rly) (μm) in the y-direction that is formed on a spacer rod 36 having a radially constant refractive index profile and a length (Lc) and index (nc). The MFD of the optical signal before the cylindrical biconic lens is wx1, and wy1, and beam wavefront radii of curvature are rx1, and ry1. The optical signal is transformed by the biconic lens to a beam with MFD and wavefront radii of curvatures of wx2, wy2 and rx2, ry2, respectively. For a thin lens, wx1=wx2 and wy1=wy2, but rx2 and ry2 are not generally the same as rx1 and ry1. The beam then propagates through the space rod 36 section of length Lc and index nc. The beam characteristics after this propagation are wx3, wy3 and rx3, and ry3. A beam having these characteristics falls on the GRIN-fiber lens with characteristics of length Lg, average index ng, index diff=delta, and core radius of (a). After propogating through the GRIN-fiber lens 24 the beam characteristics are wx4, wy4, rx4, ry4. The objective of the design is to make wx4=wy4=wsmf, where (wsmf) is the circular MFD of the standard single mode pigtail fiber 22. Another objective is to make rx4 and ry4 as close to a flat wavefront as possible to maximize the coupling efficiency to the pigtail fiber. This objective may be achieved for any given source 82 and pigtail fiber 22 by modifying the design variables such as Z, Rx, Ry, Lc of the biconic lens 25, the spacer rod 36, and also the characteristics of the GRIN-fiber lens 24, such as Lg, Delta, and (a). The objective also is to make Z reasonably large for reasonable tolerances and practical packaging requirements without compromising the coupling efficiency.
The beam transformation can be calculated for the gaussian beams using the ABCD matrix procedures for the complex beam parameter q as disclosed in the references incorporated herein by reference, or using the beam propagation techniques. The design is preferably optimized for the best coupling efficiency for any desired z, as well as the source 82 and pigtail fiber 22 characteristics. The material characteristics nl, nc, ng, and ns can be varied to some extent, but practical material considerations limit their values. For example, nl is generally equal to 1 (air), nc is mostly silica or doped silica with values of �1.45 μm or at least near the 1.3-1.55 μm wavelength range. The same is true for ng and nsmf.
1) ABCD matrix for free space propagation of length z = [ 1 z 0 1 ] 2 2) for going from a medium of index nl to n ( no   length ) =  [ 1 0 0 ( n1 / n ] 3 3) for a lens of radius of curvature R = [ 1 0 - ( n2 - n1 ) / ( n2 * R ) n1 / n2 ] 4 4) for GRIN-fiber Lens n′(r)=n(1−g^2*r^2)^0.5 and length L = [ cos  ( gL ) ( sin  ( gL ) / g ) - g * sin  ( gL ) cos  ( gl ) ] 5 g=((2*delta)^0.5)/a
In FIG. 9, the benefit of using a coreless spacer rod before the GRIN-fiber lens for high aspect ratio laser diode beams is indicated. The benefit becomes clear for the laser diode with an aspect ratio of >5 for the designs considered here. In this calculation the GRIN-fiber lens characteristics and pigtail SMF characteristics are the same as above. The working distance is fixed at Z=20.0 μm. As can be seen, the longer spacer rod length Lc provides better coupling efficiency for the higher aspect ratio LD. The improvement is calculated to be more than 10% for aspect ratios greater than �8.
The example is given for illustrative purposes only and will vary based on the applications. The foregoing example may be more clearly understood with reference to the following references: W. L. Emkey and C. Jack, JLT-5 September 1987, pp.1156-64; H. Kogelnik, Applied Optics, 4 Dec. 1965, p1562; R. Kishimoto, M. Koyama; Transactions on Microwave Theory and Applications, IEEE MTT-30, June 1982, p882; and Photonics by B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Additional aspects, features, and characteristics of the present invention may be found in the co-pending U.S. non-provisional application entitled, �Optical Signal Altering Lensed Apparatus and Method of Manufacture,� which is commonly owned by Corning, Incorporated, filed on the same day herewith, and is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3894789 *Jul 29, 1974Jul 15, 1975Nippon Electric CoLight beam coupler for semiconductor lasersUS4130343Feb 22, 1977Dec 19, 1978Bell Telephone Laboratories, IncorporatedCoupling arrangements between a light-emitting diode and an optical fiber waveguide and between an optical fiber waveguide and a semiconductor optical detectorUS4490020 *May 27, 1981Dec 25, 1984Kokusai Denshin Denwa Kabushiki KaishaCoupling system for output light of semiconductor laserUS4756590Sep 3, 1985Jul 12, 1988American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell LaboratoriesOptical component packageUS4865417Jun 18, 1987Sep 12, 1989Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.Optical fiber deviceUS4932989 *Apr 5, 1989Jun 12, 1990At&T Bell LaboratoriesMethod and apparatus for fabricating microlenses on optical fibersUS5011254 *Nov 30, 1989Apr 30, 1991At&T Bell LaboratoriesCoupling of optical devices to optical fibers by means of microlensesUS5163113Jul 19, 1990Nov 10, 1992Gte Laboratories IncorporatedLaser-to-fiber coupling apparatusUS5293438Sep 21, 1992Mar 8, 1994Namiki Precision Jewel Co., Ltd.Microlensed optical terminals and optical system equipped therewith, and methods for their manufacture, especially an optical coupling method and optical coupler for use therewithUS5351323Nov 8, 1993Sep 27, 1994Corning IncorporatedOptical fiber for coupling to elliptically-shaped sourceUS5402510 *Dec 14, 1993Mar 28, 1995France TelecomMethod of preparing an optical fiber with multiple lenses to optimize coupling with a phototransducer, and an optical system obtained therebyUS5446816Aug 1, 1994Aug 29, 1995The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Optical fiber having a lens formed at an end thereofUS5455879Jun 22, 1994Oct 3, 1995Corning IncorporatedAnamorphic microlens for coupling optical fibers to elliptical light beamsUS5606181Mar 29, 1995Feb 25, 1997Ricoh Company, Ltd.Edge emitting type light emitting diode array headsUS5638471Apr 12, 1995Jun 10, 1997France TelecomMethod of preparing an optical fiber for coupling with a phototransducer and an optical system obtained therebyUS5719973Jul 30, 1996Feb 17, 1998Lucent Technologies Inc.Optical waveguides and components with integrated grin lensUS5774607 *Feb 22, 1996Jun 30, 1998The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Lensed-fiber with cascaded graded-index fiber chip configurationUS5796525 *Oct 31, 1996Aug 18, 1998Lightpath Technologies, Inc.Quadaxial gradient index lensUS5953162Jul 20, 1998Sep 14, 1999Blankenbecler; RichardSegmented GRIN anamorphic lensUS6075650Jun 10, 1998Jun 13, 2000Rochester Photonics CorporationBeam shaping optics for diverging illumination, such as produced by laser diodesUS6081637Oct 9, 1997Jun 27, 2000Coherent, Inc.Arrangement for monitoring power of diode-laser-radiation laterally coupled into an optical-fiberUS6081638Jul 20, 1998Jun 27, 2000Honeywell Inc.Fiber optic header with integrated power monitorUS6130972Jan 28, 1999Oct 10, 2000The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Lensed optical fiber and laser moduleUS6205274Jul 20, 1998Mar 20, 2001Honeywell Inc.Fiber optic header for an edge emitting laserUS6253004 *Jul 9, 1999Jun 26, 2001Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And TechnologyOptical interconnection structure for enlarging alignment toleranceUS6594419 *Jun 12, 2002Jul 15, 2003Corning IncorporatedTapered lensed fiber for focusing and condenser applicationsUS20020159693 *Jul 24, 2001Oct 31, 2002Jds Uniphase CorporationLensed optical fiberUS20030048987 *Jul 4, 2001Mar 13, 2003Masahiro SaitoOptical fiber microlens, optical fiber and method of positioning optical fiberDE3134508A1Sep 1, 1981Mar 17, 1983Licentia GmbhOptical fibre with an end surface which forms images anamorphotically and method for its manufactureEP0155379A2Dec 11, 1984Sep 25, 1985Siemens AktiengesellschaftArrangement for coupling a light wave guide to a semiconductor laser and method for manufacturing such an arrangementEP0558230A1Feb 17, 1993Sep 1, 1993AT&T Corp.Microlenses for coupling optical fibers to elliptical light beamsEP0802433A1Sep 18, 1995Oct 22, 1997Namiki Seimitsu Houseki Kabushiki KaishaOptical fiber with lens and method of manufacturing the sameEP0872747A1Apr 15, 1998Oct 21, 1998Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.Optical moduleJP2000304965A Title not availableWO2001071403A1Mar 19, 2001Sep 27, 2001Corning IncOptical waveguide lens and method of fabrication* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Bludau et al., Low-Loss Laser-to-Fiber Coupling with Negligible Optical Feedback, Journal of Lightware Technology, vol. LT-3, No. 2, Apr. 1985.2Shute et al., A Study of the Polarization Properties of a Rectangular Polarization-Maintaining Fiber, Journal of Lightware Technology, Dec. 7, 1989, No. 12.3 *U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 60/298,841, filed Jun. 15, 2001.4 *U.S. Provisional Application 60/352,735, filed Jan. 29, 2002.5Yoda et al., Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 19, No. 12, Dec. 2001, pp. 1910-1917.* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification385/33, 385/124International ClassificationG02B6/30, G02B6/26, G02B6/32, G02B6/42, G02B6/255, G02B6/02Cooperative ClassificationG02B6/262, G02B6/4203, G02B6/4202, G02B6/32, G02B6/4206, G02B6/4214, G02B6/2552, G02B6/30European ClassificationG02B6/26B, G02B6/30, G02B6/42C2, G02B6/42C2B, G02B6/42C3R, G02B6/42C3B, G02B6/32, G02B6/255KLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 31, 2013FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20131108Nov 8, 2013LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJun 21, 2013REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedMay 8, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 23, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: CORNING INCORPORATED, NEW YORKFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BHAGAVATULA, VENKATA A.;SHASHIDHAR, NAGARAJA;HIMMELREICH, JOHN;REEL/FRAME:013236/0435;SIGNING DATES FROM 20020715 TO 20020722RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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text:
Amazon.com: Fleece One Hole Ski Face Mask By EEtrade (Blue): Sports & Outdoors
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Keep heads,face,ears and necks protected from the cold;
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B000GPSOUW,B002ZG7RDK,B0026NQ6NO,B00AYKLEG0,B00AEFHVH6,B00MCI3MJ4,B00I4OCDF4,B00F4SEWV6,B00OXISRU0,B00GY46I2U,B00FJ3HKOC,B00GMYH9FC,B00AYJ15HY,B00GZR0XWM,B00F4SEV4Y,B00M3NEBJS,B00A4313RM,B005345DBY,B000695LSQ,B0018BJT6G,B000H3G1Y4,B00FWJBW9C,B003P8QQGQ,B001LVQZR4,B00MWU68EI,B00063W2CU,B0018BGFM2,B00NRXQBFA,B00DQAFYA2,B00LGXC5QC,B003YXZ6IG,B00N798HLA,B00LUZR0CA,B00JR00WF2,B0049XHPA2,B0018BCCAQ,B00H8P98PI,B003PGRM1G,B00O99QB0Q,B002P9RAVQ,B00B2QB83O,B00NMXPOVW,B00G4PR9Q8,B005Q2WB72,B00OFPY6OM,B008GYZI3Q,B00GOHSWAS,B000V6FHQ0,B00F3O06TI,B00GX5DJR2,B00N0R0WP8,B002G9UGQ6,B0018BJSQW,B00GE3MHH6,B00MVGKWMW,B00G2XM0JS,B00GZ2URQO,B00JNAMUGU,B00IOFRHJ0,B0063JELOI
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on February 23, 2014Color Name: Dark
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Knowledge and Liberation in a Muslim World: A Treatise on Philosophical Theology book by Nasir-I-Khusraw, Nasir Khusraw, Nasir-I Khusraw | 1 available editions | Alibris Books
by Nasir-I-Khusraw, Nasir Khusraw, Nasir-I Khusraw
Nasir Khusraw was a leading Ismaili poet and theologian-philosopher of the Fatimid period whose writings have had a major formative influence on the Ismaili communities of Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia. The bulk of his surviving work was produced in exile in a remote mountainous region of Badakhshan where he sought refuge from persecution in his native district of Balkh. This is the first of his doctrinal treatises to be translated into English. Consisting of a series of 30 questions and answers, it addresses some of ... Read More
Nasir Khusraw was a leading Ismaili poet and theologian-philosopher of the Fatimid period whose writings have had a major formative influence on the Ismaili communities of Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia. The bulk of his surviving work was produced in exile in a remote mountainous region of Badakhshan where he sought refuge from persecution in his native district of Balkh. This is the first of his doctrinal treatises to be translated into English. Consisting of a series of 30 questions and answers, it addresses some of the central theological and philosophical issues of his time from an Ismaili perspective, ranging from the creation of the world and the nature of the soul to the questions of human free will and accountability in the afterlife. Read Less
ISBN-13: 9781860642173
ISBN 1860642179
ISBN-13 9781860642173
Alibris ID 13083296297
Very Good. 1860642179 Crisp, clean, unread hardcover with light shelfwear to the dust jacket and a publisher's mark to one edge-Nice!
Alibris ID 14159901247
Alibris ID 14030828770
Alibris ID 14128341254
Alibris ID 12421258399
Alibris ID 14190907065
Published 3/15/1998 12: 00: 00 AM
Alibris ID 11320754767
Alibris ID 13230650694
NEW. 9781860642173 This listing is a new book, a title currently in-print which we order directly and immediately from the publisher.
Alibris ID 13895165756
New. Sewn binding. Cloth over boards. With dust jacket. 150 p. Ismaili Heritage.
Alibris ID 13489926733
1998, I. B. Tauris & Company, New York, NY
Books by Nasir-I-Khusraw

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By MARK LANDLER and ANDREW W. LEHREN JAN. 27, 2011
WASHINGTON — It was Hillary Rodham Clinton’s first meeting as secretary of state with President Hosni Mubarak, in March 2009, and the Egyptians had an odd request: Mrs. Clinton should not thank Mr. Mubarak for releasing an opposition leader from prison because he was ill.
Privately, Ambassador Scobey pressed Egypt’s interior minister to free three bloggers, as well as a Coptic priest who performed a wedding for a Christian convert, according to one of her cables to Washington. She also asked that three American pro-democracy groups be granted formal permission to operate in the country, a request the Egyptians rejected.
However effusive the Americans were about Mr. Mubarak in public, the cables offered a less flattering picture of Egypt’s first lady, Suzanne Mubarak. During a visit to the Sinai, one reported, she commandeered a bus that had been bought with money from the United States Agency for International Development and that had been meant to carry children to school.
Egyptian state security was concerned enough about American activities in Sinai, according to another cable, that it surreptitiously recorded a meeting between diplomats and members of a local council.
Yet many more of the cables describe collaboration between the United States and Egypt. In her 2009 visit, Mrs. Clinton was trying to revive the moribund peace talks between Israel and the Palestinians. Mr. Mubarak was central to this: the cables detail his efforts to broker a cease-fire between Israelis and the militant group Hamas in Gaza, as well as American pressure on him to curb the smuggling of weapons to Hamas from Egypt through tunnels.
Mrs. Clinton was also laying out Mr. Obama’s rationale for engaging Iran — an overture, the cables report, that Mr. Mubarak predicted would fail. A May 2009 cable before Mr. Mubarak’s first visit to the Obama White House noted that Egyptian officials told a visiting American diplomat, Dennis B. Ross, that “we should prepare for confrontation through isolation.”
Like other Arab leaders, Mr. Mubarak is depicted in the cables as obsessed with Iran, which he told American diplomats was extending its tentacles from “the Gulf to Morocco” through proxies like Hamas and Hezbollah. He views these groups — particularly Hamas, a “brother” of Egypt’s banned Muslim Brotherhood — as a direct threat to his own rule.
In a meeting with General Petraeus on June 29, 2009, Mr. Mubarak said the Iranian government wanted to establish “pockets” of influence inside Egypt, according to a cable. General Petraeus told him the United States was responding to similar fears among Persian Gulf states by deploying more Patriot missiles and upgrading its F-16 fighter jets stationed in the region.
Despite obvious American sympathy for Mr. Mubarak’s security concerns, there is little evidence that the diplomats believed the president, now 82, was at risk of losing his grip on power. The May 2009 cable noted that riots over bread prices had broken out in Egypt in 2008 for the first time since 1977. And it said the growing influence of the Muslim Brotherhood had prompted the government to resort to “heavy-handed tactics against individuals and groups.”
But the cable, again signed by Ambassador Scobey, portrayed Mr. Mubarak as the ultimate survivor, a “tried and true realist” who would rather “let a few individuals suffer than risk chaos for society as a whole.”
“During his 28-year rule,” the cable said, “he survived at least three assassination attempts, maintained peace with Israel, weathered two wars in Iraq and post-2003 regional instability, intermittent economic downturns, and a manageable but chronic internal terrorist threat.”
Another cable, dated March 2009, offered a pessimistic analysis of the prospects for the “April 6 Movement,” a Facebook-based group of mostly young Egyptians that has received wide attention for its lively political debate and helped mobilize the protests that have swept Egypt in the last two days. Leaders of the group had been jailed and tortured by the police. There were also signs of internal divisions between secular and Islamist factions, it said.
The United States has defended bloggers with little success. When Ambassador Scobey raised several arrests with the interior minister, he replied that Egypt did not infringe on freedom of the press, but that it must respond when “people are offended by blogs.” An aide to the minister told the ambassador that The New York Times, which has reported on the treatment of bloggers in Egypt, was “exaggerating the blogger issue,” according to the cable.
American diplomats also cast a wide net to gather information on police brutality, the cables show. Through contacts with human rights lawyers, the embassy follows numerous cases, and raised some with the Interior Ministry. Among the most harrowing, according to a cable, was the treatment of several members of a Hezbollah cell detained by the police in late 2008.
Lawyers representing the men said they were subjected to electric shocks and sleep deprivation, which reduced them to a “zombie state.” They said the torture was more severe than what they normally witnessed.
To the extent that Mr. Mubarak has been willing to tolerate reforms, the cable said, it has been in areas not related to public security or stability. For example, he has given his wife latitude to campaign for women’s rights and against practices like female genital mutilation and child labor, which are sanctioned by some conservative Islamic groups.
Still, Mr. Mubarak generally views broader reforms as an invitation to extremism. “We have heard him lament the results of earlier U.S. efforts to encourage reform in the Islamic world,” said a cable, noting that he often invoked the shah of Iran — a secular leader who came under pressure from Washington, only to be replaced by an even more repressive, hostile government.
Even the private encounters with Mr. Mubarak have layers of sensitivity. While Mrs. Clinton was advised to steer clear of mentioning Ayman Nour, the cable signed by Ambassador Scobey suggested she might broach the topic of Saad Eddin Ibrahim, an Egyptian-American author and critic of Mr. Mubarak who fled Egypt after being found guilty of defaming the country.
“If you have any one-on-one opportunity with President Mubarak,” the ambassador wrote, “you may wish to suggest that annulling these cases and allowing him to return to Egypt would also be well received by the new administration.”
It is not clear whether Mrs. Clinton did so.
Waves of Unrest Spread to Yemen, Shaking a Region JAN. 27, 2011
Egypt Relies on Familiar Strategy Against Protests JAN. 27, 2011

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9780313275975: Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies and Indexes in World Literature) - AbeBooks - Thomas Mikolyzk: 0313275971
Thomas Mikolyzk Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies and Indexes in World Literature)
ISBN 13: 9780313275975
Thomas Mikolyzk
ISBN 10: 0313275971 ISBN 13: 9780313275975
This reference provides a detailed record of virtually every secondary study published on Oscar Wilde, along with entries for Wilde's own writings.
Book Description ABC-CLIO, 1993. HRD. Book Condition: New. New Book.Shipped from US within 10 to 14 business days.THIS BOOK IS PRINTED ON DEMAND. Established seller since 2000. Bookseller Inventory # IP-9780313275975
2. Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies and Indexes in World Literature)
Mikolyzk, Thomas
Book Description Greenwood, 1993. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # INGM9780313275975
3. Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography
Book Description Greenwood, 2016. Paperback. Book Condition: New. PRINT ON DEMAND Book; New; Publication Year 2016; Not Signed; Fast Shipping from the UK. No. book. Bookseller Inventory # ria9780313275975_lsuk
Book Description ABC-CLIO, 1993. HRD. Book Condition: New. New Book. Delivered from our US warehouse in 10 to 14 business days. THIS BOOK IS PRINTED ON DEMAND.Established seller since 2000. Bookseller Inventory # IP-9780313275975
5. Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography (Hardback)
Book Description ABC-CLIO, United States, 1993. Hardback. Book Condition: New. New.. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****.This reference provides a detailed record of virtually every secondary study published on Oscar Wilde. The book also contains entries for Wilde s works, including various modern editions. The volume begins with a short chronology of Wilde s life and career. Sections listing books and periodical publications by Wilde follow. The next chapters contain entries for books, articles, and dissertations on Wilde. With the exception of the dissertations, the entries are accompanied by descriptive annotations. The bibliography concludes with an index of works by Wilde, an index of authors of secondary sources, and a general subject index. Bookseller Inventory # APC9780313275975
6. Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography (Hardback)
Book Description ABC-CLIO, United States, 1993. Hardback. Book Condition: New. New.. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****. This reference provides a detailed record of virtually every secondary study published on Oscar Wilde. The book also contains entries for Wilde s works, including various modern editions. The volume begins with a short chronology of Wilde s life and career. Sections listing books and periodical publications by Wilde follow. The next chapters contain entries for books, articles, and dissertations on Wilde. With the exception of the dissertations, the entries are accompanied by descriptive annotations. The bibliography concludes with an index of works by Wilde, an index of authors of secondary sources, and a general subject index. Bookseller Inventory # APC9780313275975
7. Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies and Indexes in World Literature)
Book Description Greenwood, 1993. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # DADAX0313275971
8. Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies and Indexes in World Literature)
Book Description Greenwood, 1993. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. book. Bookseller Inventory # M0313275971
9. Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography
Book Description Greenwood. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. Hardcover. 512 pages. Dimensions: 9.2in. x 6.1in. x 1.1in.This reference provides a detailed record of virtually every secondary study published on Oscar Wilde. The book also contains entries for Wildes works, including various modern editions. The volume begins with a short chronology of Wildes life and career. Sections listing books and periodical publications by Wilde follow. The next chapters contain entries for books, articles, and dissertations on Wilde. With the exception of the dissertations, the entries are accompanied by descriptive annotations. The bibliography concludes with an index of works by Wilde, an index of authors of secondary sources, and a general subject index. This item ships from multiple locations. Your book may arrive from Roseburg,OR, La Vergne,TN. Hardcover. Bookseller Inventory # 9780313275975
10. Oscar Wilde: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies & Indexes in World Literature)
Book Description Greenwood, 1993. Book Condition: New. This item is printed on demand for shipment within 3 working days. Bookseller Inventory # GM9780313275975

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