text:
Best South American Restaurants in Rocbaron - TripAdvisor
Best South American Restaurants in Rocbaron, Var
South American Restaurants in Rocbaron
Also show MapSatellite Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info. Reset zoom Updating Map... Return to Map Establishment TypeRestaurantsDessertBars & PubsCuisines & DishesFrench (5)Italian (2)Pizza (2)Japanese (1)Sushi (1)MoreCuisineDishesSorry—we couldn't find {0} Select None ApplyMealsLunch(3)PriceCheap Eats (2)Mid-range (10)Restaurant featuresOutdoor Seating (2)Reservations (3)Takeout (3)Wheelchair Accessible (4)Restaurant featuresSelect None ApplyGood forFamilies with children (5)Kids (3)Good forSelect None Apply
You are zoomed out too far to see location pins. Please zoom back in. We couldn't find a restaurant with everything you asked for. Try deselecting a tag or two. Willing to travel? We found great results within 25 mi of Rocbaron.
Willing to travel? We found great results within 25 mi of Rocbaron.

value: This website is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


text:
, how our government is handcuffing our border agents. they were outnumbered. taliban fighters have been pinned down and despite taking shrapnel to his neck, he refused to give up his post to the enemy. american hero and medal of honor recipient. he's here living and joining us at the top of joining us at the top of the hour. [ male announcer ] how do you make america's favorite recipes? just begin with america's favorite soups. bring out chicken broccoli alfredo. or best-ever meatloaf. go to campbellskitchen.com for recipes, plus a valuable coupon. campbell's. it's amazing what soup can do. meet the 5-passenger ford c-max hybrid. plus a valuable coupon. when you're carrying a lot of weight, c-max has a nice little trait, you see, c-max helps you load your freight, with its foot-activated lift gate. but that's not all you'll see, cause c-max also beats prius v, with better mpg. say hi to the all-new 47 combined mpg c-max hybrid. impact wool exports from new zealand, textile production in spain, and the use of medical technology in the u.s.? at t. rowe price, we understand the connections FOX and Friends
. >> gretchen: thanks so much. >> thank you. >> gretchen: coming up, taliban despises us. the muslim brotherhood wants to destroy us. can we afford to make defense cuts then right now? general bob scales next. [ male announcer ] how do you make america's favorite recipes? just begin with america's favorite soups. bring out chicken broccoli alfredo. or best-ever meatloaf. go to campbellskitchen.com for recipes, plus a valuable coupon. campbell's. it's amazing what soup can do. >> i'm bill hemmer. nothing like a bombshell to start the week. the pope is resigning, full and complete reaction on this breaking story. 67 million american catholics. and a world of intrigue for who is the next leader of the church. there is news on the manhunt in california. epic snowfall as many scramble this morning. martha and i will see you in nine short minutes here on "america's newsroom." brian, back to you. >> brian: unless congress cuts a deal on our debt by march 1, our military will face deep cuts. is this something we can afford, especially when we have so many enemies around the world, like north korea, the FOX and Friends Sunday

type: global

value: This website is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and millions of books.


text:
3 bedroom detached bungalow for sale in Trenale Lane,
Kitchen * Utility Room
2 Double Bedrooms and bathroom on ground floor
3rd Double Bedroom with en-suite at first floor
Garage * Ample Parking
Quietly situated along this popular and established residential part of Tintagel Clanricarde is a beautifully presented detached dormer bungalow which features UPVC double glazed windows and oil fired central heating to radiators. There is a 17' living room with feature woodburning stove, separate dining room and superbly fitted kitchen with built in appliances. Offering 2 double bedrooms and bathroom on the ground floor there is a third double at first floor level which has the benefit of en-suite facilities. Featuring a lovely level garden at the rear the property also enjoys some distant countryside views also being situated within a level walk of the village facilities.
Entrance Porch - Dual aspect with double glazed windows in UPVC frames to front and side. Tiled floor. Double glazed door in UPVC frame opening to
Entrance Hall - Open tread timber stairs to first floor. Large walk in cupboard with telephone point and radiator.
Lounge 17' 6" x 15' 2" (5.33m x 4.62m) - Dual aspect with double glazed window in UPVC frame to side and French doors opening to the garden. Feature woodburning stove set on slate hearth with timber over mantel. 2 radiators. Telephone point. Solid wood timber floor. Dining Room 10' 1" x 9' 6" (3.07m x 2.90m) - Double glazed window in UPVC frame to side. Radiator. Laminate timber floor. Arch through to
Kitchen 12' 9" x 9' 2" (3.89m x 2.79m) - Double glazed window in UPVC frame to side. Base cupboards with worktops over and eye level wall cupboards above. Integral electric oven and 5 ring gas hob with extractor hood over. One and a half bowl sink unit and mixer tap. Space and power for fridge. Radiator. Tiled floor. Utility Room - Double glazed window in UPVC frame to rear and door to garden. Oil fired boiler supplying domestic hot water and central heating. Space and plumbing for automatic washing machine and space and power for tumble dryer. Base cupboards with worktops over. Cloakroom - Low flush w.c. and wash hand basin. Radiator. Opaque pattern double glazed window in UPVC frame to rear. Bedroom 1 11' 0" x 10' 4" (3.35m x 3.15m) - Double glazed bay window in UPVC frame to front. Radiator. Bedroom 2 10' 10" x 10' 3" (3.30m x 3.12m) - Double glazed bay window in UPVC frame to front. Radiator. Bathroom - Paneled bath, separate shower cubicle, low flush w.c. and wash hand basin with vanity cupboard. Heated towel rail. Light with shaver point. Extractor fan. Tiled floor.
Landing/Study Area 10' 3" x 8' 3" (3.12m x 2.51m) (with partly restricted head room). Skylight window. Radiator. Door into large loft storage room.
Bedroom 3 18' 4" (5.59m) narrowing to 11' 0" (3.35m) x 15' 2" (4.62m) (with partly restricted head room) - Double glazed window in UPVC frame to rear and skylight window. Radiator.
En-suite - Paneled bath with shower fitment, low flush w.c. and pedestal wash hand. Radiator. Light with shaver point. Extractor fan. Skylight window. Outside
Garage 26' 2" x 9' 4" (7.98m x 2.84m) - With metal up and over door opening to the front. Light and power. Small sink unit. Door to garden. Attached Timber Potting Shed 12' 9" x 7' 8" (3.89m x 2.34m)
Approached through a timber 5 bar gate to a long driveway providing ample off road parking for a number of vehicles. Garden - comprising immediately at the rear a level patio with graveled barbecue area and attractive pond leading to a large level lawn with a raised vegetable plot at one side and well established hedge boundaries enjoying some delightful views at the rear across picturesque open countryside.
Timber Summer House The Property Misdescriptions Act 1991 - Whilst we as Estate Agents endeavour to ensure the accuracy of property details produced and displayed, we have not tested any apparatus, equipment, fixtures and fittings or services and so cannot verify that they are connected, in working order or fit for the purpose. Neither have we had sight of the legal documents to verify the Freehold or Leasehold status of any property. A Buyer is advised to obtain verification from their Solicitor and/or Surveyor. A Buyer must check the availability of any property and make an appointment to view before embarking on any journey to see a property. Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs)
Property reference WB1981.
Beech Cottage, Trenale Lane
Meadows End, Trenale Lane
Glen Harley, Trenale Lane

value: This website is a UK-based company that runs rightmove.co.uk, the UK's largest online real estate portal and property website. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.


text:
PURIXAN™ (mercaptopurine) Oral Suspension Finally Makes Accurate Dosing Simple for Healthcare Professionals to Achieve--Especially with Children
Apr 30, 2014, 06:35 ET
FRANKLIN, Tenn., April 30, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Rare Disease Therapeutics, Inc. (RDT), the producer of orphan pharmaceuticals for the treatment of rare diseases, announced today that they have received FDA approval for PURIXAN™ (mercaptopurine) 20 mg/mL oral suspension---a new, easier-to-dose, liquid form of an established treatment for patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Unlike the 50 mg tablet form that healthcare professionals often split to provide children with the desired dose, the raspberry-flavored PURIXAN liquid enables the measurement of precise doses that can easily be administered to pediatric and adult patients.
On April 28, 2014, in a written announcement to Clinical Oncologists, the US Food and Drug Administration pointed out that "Compared to tablets, a suspension offers the advantage of more accurately delivering the desired dose to children with a wide range of weights using a consistent administration schedule. A suspension will allow more flexibility in adjusting the dose" and that "a commercially produced suspension is more likely to provide a more consistent dose of 6-mercaptopurine than ad hoc compounded formulations.1"
"Our management shares FDA's opinion that a 50 mg tablet formulation is not ideal for treating the age and weight range of patients with ALL—especially children under 6 years of age," responded Milton Ellis, President & CEO of RDT. "That's why our team has been so enthusiastic about working with FDA to bring PURIXAN oral suspension to market; and why we are also grateful for the close collaboration of Nova Laboratories, Ltd., the inventor and manufacturer of the sophisticated formulation that gives PURIXAN its special clinical advantages."
Approximately 6,020 people in the United States are diagnosed with new cases of ALL each year, and the risk is highest in children under 5 years of age according to the American Cancer Society2.
"ALL therapy includes 6-mercaptopurine taken orally every day for 2-3 years. Until now, the only FDA approved formulation of this drug available in the US has been pills, which can be very hard for young children to take. This oral-suspension formulation should be much easier for young children to take and help parents to make sure that their children get the treatment that they need to cure ALL," commented Stephen Hunger, MD, Chairman of the Children's Oncology Group ALL Disease Committee, Professor and Ergen Family Chair in Pediatric Cancer, and Director, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.
Because PURIXAN is designated an Orphan Drug, RDT has been granted a period of exclusivity in marketing this innovation and will be distributing PURIXAN oral suspension through the firm AnovoRx Distribution, LLC in Memphis, Tennessee--which can be contacted at 1-888-470-0904.
The most common adverse reaction (> 20% of patients) is myelosupression including anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Less common (5-20% of patients) adverse reactions include elevated transaminases, elevated bilirubin, intestinal ulceration, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea and rashes.
See package insert for important safety information and full prescribing information about PURIXAN. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/205919s000lbl.pdf
This press release includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of RDT management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline products that the products will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; RDT's ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of Nova Laboratories, Ltd. patents and other protections for innovative products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions.
RDT undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
About Rare Disease Therapeutics, Inc.
Rare Disease Therapeutics, Inc., specializes in filling the very specific and special medical needs of a small population of adults and children seeking life-preserving therapies for rare diseases. Many of these diseases are not immediately recognizable to even the most astute physicians; therefore, the role of Rare Disease Therapeutics, Inc., must include creating awareness of such diseases and their diagnoses.
Rare Disease Therapeutics, Inc., is a company built on the hope and premise of providing options where there are no options, and providing therapies where there are no therapies, through creative strategic alliances, as well as relationships with the government, research institutions, physicians, scientists, and manufacturers.
Rare Disease Therapeutics, Inc., was originally founded in 1991 as Orphan Pharmaceuticals, U.S.A., Inc., and is strategically located in Nashville, Tennessee.
Please visit us at www.raretx.com
FDA release dated 04/29/14
ACS web site:
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-acutelymphocyticallinadults/detailedguide/leukemia-acute-lymphocytic-key-statistics

value: This website .


text:
Pin by Emily Vartanian on Words | Pinterest | Wisdom, Thoughts and Inspirational
Ugly QuotesYou QuotesAdam ParrishBeautiful WordsBeautiful MessPretty QuotesMeaningful WordsMake ArtPositive VibesForward
Pretty WordsBeautiful WordsHashtag QuotesChildhood Sweetheart QuotesYour Worth QuotesCalligraphy Quotes MotivationNever Forget QuotesQuote AestheticYellow QuotesForward
QuotationTvSweet WordsThe O'jaysWise QuotesPoetry QuotesLate Night ThoughtsRachel BerryLife Lesson QuotesForward
“'Heal yourself from the inside' // This one is something I really believe in. Healing (in any form) starts somewhere deep down. If you are nourishing…”
True WordsKind WordsDr. WhoInspiring QuotesFavorite QuotesHeartTruthsMake Others Happy QuotesHappy Kids QuotesForward
Wisdom TattooA TattooPretty WordsBeautiful WordsPerson IconStay True TattooMagic WordsCorinthians LoveLook At MeForward
Sun QuotesQuotes For SunsetsSun Kissed QuotesSunset Quotes LifeLove QuotesQuiet QuotesFamily Trip QuotesFamily Holiday QuotesSummer Holiday QuotesForward

value: This website is an image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information  on the internet using images, and on a smaller scale, animated GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards. The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp, and had over 478 million global monthly active users as of March 2021.


text:
fl820s | eBay
Related: fl500s motorcraft 1046 fg986b 05 mustang 2004 ford f150 catalytic converter car cd player 1994 supra fl400a motorcraft wiper blade dg511 saleen mustang
187 results for fl820s
Follow fl820s to get e-mail alerts and updates on your eBay Feed.
Unfollow fl820s to stop getting updates on your eBay Feed.
Yay! You're now following fl820s in your eBay Feed.You will receive email alerts for new listings.
fl820s:
(4) Motorcraft FL-820S Oil Filters
AMSOIL Ea0 11 25,000 mile Oil Filter FL820S, PH2
TWELVE(12)USA MADE Champ PH820 Oil Filter CASE fits PH2 FL820 51372 L24651 V4651
Motorcraft FL820S Silicone Valve Oil Filter free Shipping
New listing Ford Motorcraf FL820S OEM Engine Oil Filter Lincoln Mercury F1AZ6731BD Set of 3
NEW LOT OF 6 GENUINE Engine Oil Filter-Extra Guard Fram PH2 FOR Ford
NEW Fram Ultra Synthetic Oil Filter Set of 6 XG2 Ford Lincoln Chrysler 1992-2017
FORD FL-820S OIL FILTER FACTORY OEM PART
Ford Truck, Ford Mustang GT, COBRA, Mach I Motorcraft Engine Oil Filter FL-820S
Fram Pro Synthetic FPS2 Oil Filter CASE(6 SIX) fits XG2 M1-210 PL24651 20-820
Motorcraft FL820S Oil Filter Motorcraft FL-820S NOS New
NEW OEM Ford FL820S Oil Filter - Silicone Anti Drainback Valve F1AZ6731BD F-150
K&N KNN Engine Oil Filter (3 pack) STS,XLR,300,Aspen,Cirrus,Sebring,Avenger,Cali
*New* Motorcraft FL-820S Engine Oil Filter Case 12-Pcs
Motorcraft FL-820S Engine Oil Filter Case of 12
Motorcraft Engine Oil Filter FL-820S Case Of 12 - Ford Truck And Ford Mustang GT
NEW Motorcraft Oil Filter FL-820S Dodge Chrysler Ford
Oil Filters (187)

value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
BBC Radio 4 - Bookclub, David Lodge The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website. We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Change settings Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Skip to content Accessibility Help BBC iD Notifications
HomeEpisodesClipsGalleriesPodcastContact UsCome to a RecordingNewsletterPresenterRunning a clubMore Readings You must enable JavaScript to play content David Lodge Bookclub Listen in pop-out player David Lodge is both a leading comic novelist and a renowned literary critic. He dicusses his novel Nice Work with James Naughtie. Share this page Share this with Digg Facebook Google LinkedIn Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter Copy this link http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00fc3wg Read more about sharing. Add Download Release date: 2 May 2004 Available now 28 minutes Last on Sun 2 May 2004 16:00 BBC Radio 4 More episodes Previous Available now Elizabeth Jane Howard View Programme Next Available now Minette Walters View Programme See all episodes from Bookclub Broadcast See all broadcasts of David Lodge (1) Seven European bestsellers you should read in 2017 Renowned European writers you might not have heard of but you really should read. Sign up for the BBC Books Newsletter A weekly roundup of readings, author interviews and special picks from the BBC archives Explore James Naughtie's picks from 200 editions A treasure trove of the 20th and 21st Century’s great writers discussing their work From Adams to Zadie - Jim Naughtie's Bookclub picks More from Books at the BBC Author interviews, readings, documentaries and highlights from the BBC's books content Sample our books and authors Clip Collection Interviews, previews and reviews Listen to clips of readings & authors Podcasts See all podcasts for Bookclub You may also like View all Similar programmes By genre: Factual > Arts, Culture & the Media HomeHelpProgrammesScheduleDownloadsBlog {{/each}}

value: This website is the BBC's online service. It is a large network of websites including such high-profile sites as BBC News and Sport, the on-demand video and radio services co-branded BBC iPlayer, the children's sites CBBC and CBeebies, and learning services such as Bitesize.


text:
Bolt action Pen/bolt action pen/Pen-Wood Pen-Pen-Writing | Etsy
Select Wood/Engraving/Pen Box
Select an option curly maple ($36.35) marble wood ($36.35) mahogany ($36.35) walnut ($36.35) patriotic acrylic ($36.35) redheart ($36.35) curly maple-engraved ($47.26) marble wood-engraved ($47.26) mahogany-engraved ($47.26) walnut-engraved ($47.26) patriotic-engraved ($47.26) redheart-engraved ($47.26) green tactical box ($13.33) tan tactical box ($13.33) black tactical box ($13.33) gun case box ($10.91) deer antler stand ($55.74)
Select an option gun metal chrome 24 kt gold
Get 15% off your order when you spend $129 at this shop. Discount shown at checkout.
Does not include Custom Orders
bolt action pen/wood pen/engraved bullet pen/wood gifts for him/wood pen gifts/pen gifts/graduations pens/graduation pen/wood graduation
Highly recommended for gifts.
To engrave the pen choose the engraving option in the drop down list and write the text in the buyers note upon checkout.
From the bullet shape to the bolt action click mechanism, every thing about this pen appeals to the gun enthusiast. Not only are these aesthetic pens but they are great writers. The cartridge included with this pen provides a smooth writing experience you would expect to find in a high quality writing instrument.
Choose your wood and finish by scrolling through the pictures. The first picture contains a 24kt, gm, and chrome bolt action pen respectively --more information is in picture 3.
The profits from your purchase help keep us in college, Thanks for looking.
pictures are courtesy of several websites
Amy Feb 12, 2019
Jacob Arroyo Feb 10, 2019
Good quality pen, very happy with it.
Helena Salem Feb 3, 2019
Good everyday pen.
DNWOODCRAFTERS $10.91
DNWOODCRAFTERS $290.82 Free shipping
DNWOODCRAFTERS $104.20
DNWOODCRAFTERS $33.60
DNWOODCRAFTERS $46.80
DNWOODCRAFTERS $36.00

value: This website is an American e-commerce company focused on handmade or vintage items and craft supplies.


text:
All Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Shine Control | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordFace Make-Up└Make-Up Products└Heatlh & Beauty ProductsAll CategoriesAntiquesArtBabyBooks, Comics & MagazinesBusiness, Office & IndustrialCameras & PhotographyCars, Motorcycles & VehiclesClothes, Shoes & AccessoriesCoinsCollectablesComputers/Tablets & NetworkingCraftsDolls & BearsDVDs, Films & TVEvents TicketsGarden & PatioHealth & BeautyHolidays & TravelHome, Furniture & DIYJewellery & WatchesMobile Phones & CommunicationMusicMusical InstrumentsPet SuppliesPottery, Porcelain & GlassPropertySound & VisionSporting GoodsSports MemorabiliaStampsToys & GamesVehicle Parts & AccessoriesVideo Games & ConsolesWholesale & Job LotsEverything ElseAdvancedHello (Sign in to bid or buy) or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hello -User-.'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})(); Daily Deals Sell Help & Contact My eBayExpand My eBay Summary Bids/Offers Watch List Wish List All Lists Purchase History Selling My Collections Followed Searches MessagesCollect & Spend Learn moreNotification You are hereeBayHeatlh & Beauty ProductsMake-Up ProductsFace Make-UpAll Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Shine Control All Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Shine ControlShop by categoryMake-Up ProductsFace Make-UpBB, CC & Other Alphabet CreamBlushersFace BronzersConcealer Make-UpFace PowdersFoundation Make-UpFoundation PrimersOther Face Make-UpFormulationsee allLiquidFeaturessee allShine ControlSkin Typesee allAll Skin TypesEffectsee allMatteBrandsee allAvonBenefitCatriceCliniqueEstée LauderL'Oréal ParisLancômeM.A.CMary KayMax FactorShadesee allAssortedBronzeFair/LightGoldMediumNeutralPinkSize Typesee allSample SizeTravel SizeNot specifiedGendersee allTypesee allConditionsee allNewPrice£-£Buying Formatsee allAll listingsAuctionBuy it nowItem locationsee allDefaultWithin2 miles5 miles10 miles15 miles20 miles50 miles75 miles100 miles150 miles200 miles500 miles750 miles1000 miles1500 miles2000 milesofGoUK OnlyEuropean UnionWorldwideDelivery optionssee allFree P&PShow onlysee allReturns acceptedCompleted itemsSold itemsMore refinements...Save on All Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Shine ControlTrending Price is based on prices over last 90 days.Showing slide {CURRENT_SLIDE} of {TOTAL_SLIDES} - Save on All Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Shine ControlGo to previous slide - Save on All Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Shine ControlMax Factor Miracle Touch Liquid Illusion Foundation sand 60£5.49Trending at £8.20Max Factor Miracle Touch Foundation 11.5g£7.99Trending at £8.20Estee Lauder Double Wear Foundation 2C3 Fresco 30ml£34.50Trending at £44.99Revlon ColorStay 24 Hours Makeup Foundation 30ml- Choose Your Shade£7.35Trending at £7.54Revlon ColorStay 24 Hours Makeup Foundation 30ml- Choose Your Shade£7.35Trending at £7.54Rimmel Fix & Protect SPF25 UV Shield Perfect Primer 30ml£5.99Trending at £7.17L'Oreal Paris Infallible 24H-Matte Foundation - Please Choose Shade:£6.60Trending at £6.77LOREAL,(PARIS)INFALLIBLE,24H-MATTE,FOUNDATION,11 VANILLA ,NEW,35ml,FREE UK PP£5.95Trending at £7.17Go to next slide - Save on All Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Shine ControlBest sellingTrending Price is based on prices over last 90 days.Showing slide {CURRENT_SLIDE} of {TOTAL_SLIDES} - Best sellingGo to previous slide - Best sellingRimmel Stay Matte Liquid Mousse Foundation 30 Ml 100 Ivory X 3 90ml5 out of 5 starsTRENDING PRICE£4.81NewTechnic Colour Fix Concealer 18ml Choose Shade Tc012 3 DarkTRENDING PRICE£2.00NewEstee Lauder Double Wear Foundation Stay in Place Makeup Fresco Sp10 30mlTRENDING PRICE£30.53NewL'oreal Infallible 24 HR Matte Foundation 35ml Shade 13 Rose BeigeTRENDING PRICE£6.77NewL'oreal Infallible 24 HR Matte Foundation 35ml Shade 20 SandTRENDING PRICE£5.12NewNo7 Beautifully Matte Foundation Warm Ivory 30ml X 24 out of 5 starsTRENDING PRICE£10.25NewL'oreal Infallible 24 HR Matte Foundation 35ml Shade 11 Vanilla5 out of 5 starsTRENDING PRICE£7.17NewCatrice Cosmetics Liquid Camouflage High Coverage Long-lasting Concealer 5 Ml 020 Light BeigeTRENDING PRICE£5.00NewGo to next slide - Best sellingResults in All Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Shine Control1-25 of 476Max Factor Miracle Touch Foundation 11.5gFAST UK TRACKED DELIVERY - SAMEDAY DISPATCH£7.99Click & Collect FAST & FREE935 sold935 soldSee more like thisTechnic Colour Fix Concealer Light Medium Dark Liquid Cream Corrector 3 Shades£1.95eBay Premium ServiceFree P&PClick & Collect150 sold150 soldSee more like thisLOreal Matt Magique Mattifying Foundation flawless look 12h velvet finish 05L'Oreal Mat Magique Foundation contains Mati Technology-Crystal that absorbs excess sebum and allows light to penetrate, giving your skin a natural luminosity. Magically coats with a mattifying effect and smoothes the skin perfectly for up to 12 hours.£3.79(£3.79/Unit)£2.59 postageSee more like thisRIMMEL STAY MATTE LIQUID MOUSSE FOUNDATION - ALL SHADES£4.59Estimated delivery dateEst. delivery Wed, Dec 7 FAST & FREE232 sold232 soldSee more like thisbenefit Shy Beam soft Matte Highlighter...when you don't want to be beaming 10mlBenefit Shy Beam is great if you don't want too much Highlight it gives a soft Matte pink glow that is excellent for oily skin or like I said if you don't want too much shine.
Thanks for Looking and Have a Very Merry Christmas Ange x£16.50£1.50 postageMAC STUDIO FIX FLUID FOUNDATION SPF15 broad spectrum 30ml BOXED Various shade£15.99Click & Collect£2.00 postageSee more like thisTechnic Colour Fix Concealer Light - Medium - Dark - 3 Shades£1.99Click & Collect FAST & FREESee more like thisRimmel Stay Matte Primer 003 30mlRimmel London Stay Matte Primer 003 (30ml) won't feel heavy or greasy on the skin and controls shine for up to 8 hours creating a soft, perfectly matte complexion. We do not allow collections. Rimmel Stay Matte Primer.5 out of 5 stars1 product ratings£6.99Click & Collect FAST & FREE363 sold363 soldSee more like thisMax Factor Miracle Touch Liquid Illusion Foundation in various shades£5.75eBay Premium ServiceFree P&PSee more like thisMAX FACTOR second skin foundation 30ml choose shade£4.99eBay Premium ServiceFree P&PClick & Collect28 sold28 soldSee more like thisEstee Lauder Double Wear Foundation 2C3 Fresco 30mlDouble Wear Stay in Place Foundation.
SPF10£34.50Click & Collect FAST & FREESee more like thisTechnic Colour Fix Concealer in Light, Medium & Dark ❤ BUY 3 & GET 1 FREE! ❤£2.24eBay Premium ServiceFree P&PClick & CollectRevlon ColorStay 24 Hours Makeup Foundation 30ml- Choose Your Shade£7.35eBay Premium ServiceFree P&PClick & Collect355 sold355 soldSee more like thisMaybelline Dream Fresh BB Cream 8 In 1 Concealer Foundation SPF 30 Skincare 30ml£3.95Click & Collect£2.95 postage11 watching11 watchingLOREAL,(PARIS)INFALLIBLE,24H-MATTE,FOUNDATION,11 VANILLA ,NEW,35ml,FREE UK PPLOREAL(PARIS),INFALLIBLE,24H-MATTE FOUNDATION. no 11 VANILLA ,MATTIFYING FOUNDATION. FREE UK PP. NEW& ,ORIGINAL& UNUSED,35 mls .£5.95Free P&PSee more like thisNYX HD Photogenic Concealer Wand - 100% NEW& AUTHENTIC - ALL SHADES - UK SELLER£7.99Click & Collect FAST & FREE22 sold22 soldSee more like thisMac Studio Fix Fluid foundation SPF 15 NW45 + Foundation pump 30mlA modern foundation that combines a natural matte finish and medium to full buildable coverage with broad spectrum UVA/UVB SPF 15/PA protection. Applies, builds and blends easily and evenly. Comfortable and long-wearing, it helps minimize the appearance of pores and imperfections, giving skin a smoother, more flawless look and finish.
£20.00Available for Best Offeror Best Offer£2.80 postageSee more like thisMax Factor Miracle Touch Liquid Illusion Foundation Warm Almond 45 FREE POSTINGMax Factor Miracle Touch Foundation is all in one unique formulation that has a solid to liquid formula, which give you a flawless base. Suitable for all skin including sensitive. How to apply: Apply with your sponge, starting in the centre of your face and blending out to ensure a smooth coverage.£6.00Free P&POnly 1 left!Only 1 left!See more like thisTechnic Colour Fix Concealer Light - Medium - Dark - 3 Shades£2.26Click & Collect FAST & FREE16 sold16 soldSee more like thisMAX FACTOR,MIRACLETOUCH,LIQUID FOUNDATION,no045 WARM ALMOND,11.5g,NEW,FREE UK PPMAX FACTOR ,MIRACLE TOUCH LIQUID FOUNDATION,no 045 WARM ALMOND. FREE UK PP. LIQUID ILLUSION FOUNDATION.£7.99Click & CollectFree P&PSee more like thisNo7 Stay Perfect Foundation WARM IVORY 30ml New/BoxedNO7 STAY PERFECT FOUNDATION WITH SPF 15 FOR ALL SKIN TYPES 30ML. WARM IVORY.£9.99eBay Premium ServiceFree P&POnly 1 left!Only 1 left!See more like thisMAX FACTOR SECOND SKIN FOUNDATION 30ML SEALED SELECT SHADEMAX FACTOR SECOND SKIN FOUNDATION 30ML SEALED SELECTION£5.90Click & Collect FAST & FREESee more like thisTECHNIC COLOUR FIX CONCEALER choose your shade£1.85Click & CollectFree P&PSee more like thisMax Factor Second Skin Foundation 60 Sand - 30ml - Sealed £5.89Click & Collect FAST & FREESee more like thisL'Oreal Paris Infallible 24H-Matte Foundation - Please Choose Shade:5 out of 5 stars2 product ratings£6.60eBay Premium ServiceFree P&P8 watching8 watchingSee more like thisView all resultsGot one to sell?Get it in front of 17+ million UK buyers.Explore collections Matte Lipsby mistresszolina7- 322 views Stocking fillersby elf-store- 120 viewsYou may also likeAll Skin Types Matte Long Lasting Liquid Face Make-UpAll Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Oil-FreeAll Skin Types Matte Liquid Face Make-Up with Perfume-FreeAll Skin Types Matte Waterproof Liquid Face Make-UpGel All Skin Types Matte Face Make-Up with Shine Control


text:
Patent US5774030 - Parallel axis cylindrical microwave filter - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA microwave filter includes two resonant cylindrical cavities aligned in parallel along their longitudinal axes, with the cavities offset by one half the cavities' resonant wavelength with respect to one another. Signals to be filtered are coupled into a first, input, cavity through an input coupling...http://www.google.com/patents/US5774030?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5774030 - Parallel axis cylindrical microwave filterAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5774030 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/829,634Publication dateJun 30, 1998Filing dateMar 31, 1997Priority dateMar 31, 1997Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2233180A1, CA2233180CPublication number08829634, 829634, US 5774030 A, US 5774030A, US-A-5774030, US5774030 A, US5774030AInventorsDevon J. GrayOriginal AssigneeHughes Electronics CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Referenced by (4), Classifications (5), Legal Events (12) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetParallel axis cylindrical microwave filter
US 5774030 AAbstract
A microwave filter includes two resonant cylindrical cavities aligned in parallel along their longitudinal axes, with the cavities offset by one half the cavities' resonant wavelength with respect to one another. Signals to be filtered are coupled into a first, input, cavity through an input coupling and between the input cavity and a second, output, cavity through bridge and mainline couplings formed in a common cavity wall.
1. A cylindrical multi-cavity microwave filter comprising:a first right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 3, said resonator having endwalls at either end and an input aperture formed in one end wall, a second right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said second resonator having endwalls at either end and an output aperture formed one endwall, said resonators formed such that they are non-coaxial, their longitudinal axes are parallel and they share a common wall along the longitudinal direction, a mainline aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of a secondary resonance mode of the first resonator to the magnetic field of a primary resonance mode of the second resonator, and at least one bridge aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy between the magnetic field of the secondary resonance mode of the second resonator and the magnetic field of the primary resonance mode of the first resonator. 2. The cylindrical multi-cavity microwave filter of claim 1, wherein said output aperture is formed in the endwall of said second resonator at the opposite end from the input aperture of the first resonator.
3. The filter of claim 1, wherein said bridge aperture is located at a null of resonance modes of higher order than TE11X modes.
4. The filter of claim 1, wherein the cylinder ends which have neither input nor output apertures formed in the respective endwalls include temperature compensation flanges for accommodation of temperature compensation devices.
5. The filter of claim 1, wherein said at least one bridge aperture comprises at least two bridge apertures which are located at internal minima of the first resonator's said secondary resonance mode electric field strength.
6. The filter of claim 1, wherein both resonators support TE114 resonant modes and one of said at least one bridge apertures is located at the first internal electric field minimum from the input aperture.
7. A cylindrical multi-cavity microwave filter comprising:a first right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 3, said resonator having endwalls at either end and an input aperture formed in one end wall, a second right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said second resonator having endwalls at either end and an output aperture formed one endwall, said resonators formed such that their longitudinal axes are parallel and they share a common wall along the longitudinal direction, both resonators arranged to support TE114 resonant modes, a mainline aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of a secondary resonance mode of the first resonator to the magnetic field of a primary resonance mode of the second resonator, and bridge apertures formed in said shared wall to couple energy between the magnetic field of the secondary resonance mode of the second resonator and the magnetic field of the primary resonance mode of the first resonator, said bridge apertures including a first bridge aperture located at the first internal electric field minimum from the input aperture, and a second bridge aperture located at the second internal electric field minimum from the input aperture. 8. The filter of claim 1, wherein both resonators support TE113 resonant modes and one of said at least one bridge apertures is located at the first internal electric field minimum from the input aperture.
9. The filter of claim 1, wherein said resonators form four resonant cavities.
10. A cylindrical cavity microwave filter comprising:a first right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said resonator having endwalls at either end and an input aperture formed in one end wall, a second right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said second resonator having endwalls at either end and an output aperture formed in one endwall, said resonators formed such that they are non-coaxial, their longitudinal axes are parallel and they share a common wall along the longitudinal direction, a mainline aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of a secondary resonance mode of the first resonator to the magnetic field of a primary resonance mode of the second resonator, and at least one bridge aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of the secondary resonance mode of the second resonator to the magnetic field of the primary resonance mode of the first resonator, said resonators offset along their longitudinal axes from one another so as to align said apertures with preferred electric field intensities. 11. The cylindrical cavity microwave filter of claim 10, wherein an output aperture is formed at the opposite end of the second resonator from that of the input aperture of the first resonator.
12. A cylindrical cavity microwave filter comprising:a first right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE114 mode electromagnetic resonances, said resonator having endwalls at either end and an input aperture formed in one end wall, a second right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE114 mode electromagnetic resonances, said second resonator having endwalls at either end and an output aperture formed in one endwall, said resonators formed such that they are non-coaxial, their longitudinal axes are parallel and they share a common wall along the longitudinal direction, a mainline aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of a secondary resonance mode of the first resonator to the magnetic field of a primary resonance mode of the second resonator, and at least one bridge aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of the secondary resonance mode of the second resonator to the magnetic field of the primary resonance mode of the first resonator, said resonators offset along their longitudinal axes from one another so as to align the mainline aperture with a second-from-the-input-endwall electric field intensity peak and to align the bridge aperture with the first-from-the-input-endwall or -output-endwall electric field intensity minima. 13. The filter of claim 12, wherein said endwalls are offset by one half a TE114 wavelength.
14. A cylindrical cavity microwave filter comprising:a first right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE113 mode electromagnetic resonances, said resonator having endwalls at either end and an input aperture formed in one end wall, a second right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said second resonator having endwalls at either end and an output aperture formed in one endwall, said resonators formed such that they are non-coaxial, their longitudinal axes are parallel and they share a common wall along the longitudinal direction, a mainline aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of a secondary resonance mode of the first resonator to the magnetic field of a primary resonance mode of the second resonator, and at least one bridge aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of the secondary resonance mode of the second resonator to the magnetic field of the primary resonance mode of the first resonator. 15. A satellite communications transceiver, comprising:a multiplexer, a plurality of right cylindrical resonant cavity transmitting filters connected to filter input signals and to provide filtered output signals to respective inputs of said multiplexer which combines said filtered signals into a multiplexed signal, and a transmitting antenna connected to receive the filtered, multiplexed signals from said multiplexer and to transmit said multiplexed signal, each of said filters comprising:a first right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said resonator having endwalls at either end and an input aperture formed in one end wall, a second right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said second resonator having endwalls at either end and an output aperture formed in one endwall, said resonators formed such that they are non-coaxial, their longitudinal axes are parallel and they share a common wall along the longitudinal direction, a mainline aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of a secondary resonance mode of the first resonator to the magnetic field of a primary resonance mode of the second resonator, and at least one bridge aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of the secondary resonance mode of the second resonator to the magnetic field of the primary resonance mode of the first resonator. 16. The communications transceiver of claim 15, further comprising:a receiving antenna connected to receive a radio frequency signal, a plurality of receiving filters connected to filter said received signal, each of said receiving filters comprising:a first right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said resonator having endwalls at either end and an input aperture formed in one end wall, a second right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said second resonator having endwalls at either end and an output aperture formed in one endwall, said resonators formed such that they are non-coaxial, their longitudinal axes are parallel and they share a common wall along the longitudinal direction, a mainline aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of a secondary resonance mode of the first resonator to the magnetic field of a primary resonance mode of the second resonator, and at least one bridge aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of the secondary resonance mode of the second resonator to the magnetic field of the primary resonance mode of the first resonator, and a plurality of amplifiers connected to receive said filtered output signals from respective receiving filters, to amplify said signals, and to transmit said signals to said transmitting filters. 17. The transceiver of claim 16, wherein said at least one bridge aperture is located at a null of resonance modes of higher order than TE11X modes.
18. The transceiver of claim 17, wherein the cylinder ends which have neither input nor output apertures formed in the respective endwalls include temperature compensation flanges for accommodation of temperature compensation devices.
19. The transceiver of claim 18, wherein said at least one bridge aperture comprises at least two bridge apertures which are located at internal minima of the first resonator's said secondary resonance mode electric field strength.
20. The transceiver of claim 16, wherein both resonators support TE114 resonant modes and one of said at least one bridge apertures is located at the first internal electric field minimum from the input aperture.
21. A satellite communications transceiver, comprising:a multiplexer, a plurality of right cylindrical resonant cavity transmitting filters connected to filter input signals and to provide filtered output signals to respective inputs of said multiplexer which combines said filtered signals into a multiplexed signal, a transmitting antenna connected to receive the filtered, multiplexed signals from said multiplexer and to transmit said multiplexed signal, a receiving antenna connected to receive a radio frequency signal, a plurality of receiving filters connected to filter said received signal, and a plurality of amplifiers connected to receive said filtered output signals from respective receiving filters, to amplify said signals, and to transmit said signals to said transmitting filters, each of said transmitting and receiving filters comprising:a first right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said resonator having endwalls at either end and an input aperture formed in one end wall, a second right-cylindrical resonator for supporting primary and secondary TE11X mode electromagnetic resonances, said second resonator having endwalls at either end and an output aperture formed in one endwall, said resonators formed such that their longitudinal axes are parallel and they share a common wall along the longitudinal direction, both resonators arranged to support TE114 resonant modes, a mainline aperture formed in said shared wall to couple energy from the magnetic field of a secondary resonance mode of the first resonator to the magnetic field of a primary resonance mode of the second resonator, and bridge apertures formed in said shared wall to couple energy between the magnetic field of the secondary resonance mode of the second resonator and the magnetic field of the primary resonance mode of the first resonator, said bridge apertures including a first bridge aperture located at the first internal electric field minimum from the input aperture, and a second bridge aperture located at the second internal electric field minimum from the input aperture. 22. The filter of claim 16, wherein both resonators support TE113 resonant modes and one of said at least one bridge apertures is located at the first internal electric field minimum from the input aperture.
23. The transceiver of claim 16, wherein said resonators form four resonant cavities.
The invention relates to microwave filters and, in particular, to right cylinder microwave filters.
Microwave filters are widely known and employed, for example, to separate a communications satellite's received signal into separate bands for amplification and, after amplification, to provide channel separation for the amplified signals which are combined by a multiplexer for retransmission. Typically the microwave filters employed by satellites are multi-mode filters. Multi-mode filters are discussed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,410,865 issued to Frederick A. Young.
Microwave filters are generally constructed from conductive cavities of rectangular, cylindrical or spherical shape. Filters consisting of a single cavity or a plurality of linked cavities are common in the prior art. Single cavity responses generally are not acceptable for satellite output multiplexer applications because the out-of-band electromagnetic energy is not attenuated sharply enough to provide desirable channel separation. However, one may link together multiple cavities to produce, for example, quasi-elliptical filters which provide the desirable sharp attenuation of out-of-band energy. Filters, including quasi-elliptic filters, are discussed in Donald Fink, Donald Christiansen, eds, Electronics Engineers' Handbook, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1989, pp12-5 through 12-30.
Because they are relatively light-weight and occupy less space than single mode filters, multi-mode filters, such as dual mode cylindrical filters, are particularly suitable for application in a spacecraft environment where weight and space are always at a premium. Dual mode filters employ resonant cavities which preferentially support two modes, or electric field contours, within the cavities. In the case of a cylindrical cavity resonator, the electric field of one mode is orthogonal to that of the other. To obtain a desired frequency response, a signal is introduced to one or more resonant cavities and, since the cavities support resonances at frequencies which correspond to an integral multiple of the mode's half-wavelength, signal components at frequencies other than those corresponding to the mode wavelength are attenuated.
In a dual mode cavity the mode which corresponds to the injected signal, hereinafter referred to as the primary mode, is perturbed by a conductive discontinuity within the resonator wall to create another orthogonal mode, referred to hereinafter as the secondary mode. Generally, a coupling screw situated at a 45� angle to the primary mode electric field (E field) couples energy from the primary mode E field to the secondary mode E field. Since the depth to which the coupling screw penetrates the cavity determines the degree of coupling, the amount of coupling may be adjusted by adjusting the coupling screw.
Because a dual mode resonant cavity can support two resonant modes in this fashion, a single cavity may be employed to implement a two section filter and higher order filters may be implemented by combining cavities; a four section filter may be created using only two resonant cavities, a six section filter would require only three cavities, etc. Cavities are combined by providing an aperture in a common wall through which the magnetic field (H field) of one mode may couple through to an adjacent cavity, thereby establishing a corresponding H field in the coupled cavity. Two types of coupling, generally referred to as "mainline" and "bridge" couplings are employed to couple energy between sequential and nonsequential modes, respectively. Sequential modes within adjacent cavities possess the same E field polarization; nonsequential modes are characterized by orthogonal E field polarization.
Although conventional dual mode resonators provide significant space and weight advantages over single mode resonators, further footprint reduction, better thermal management and more effective mode suppression would all be welcome improvements. That is, conventional dual mode cylindrical filters are generally configured as a combination of resonant cavities arranged along a single longitudinal axis. Although this arrangement of cavities consumes only half the surface area, or footprint, of a mounting plate that single mode cavities would require, spacecraft "real estate" is always precious and any reduction of filters' real estate requirements would permit other spacecraft systems to use the additional space. Although thermal compensation techniques are available, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,677,403 issued to Rolf Kich as an example, to provide optimal performance a substantial portion of the heat generated within resonant cavities must be conducted away from the cavity to prevent frequency shifts and other deleterious effects. It is sometimes difficult to conduct the heat generated within resonant cavities to a mounting plate or similar heat sink; a more compact arrangement of cavities would permit more efficient heat conduction. Additionally, since a resonant cavity will typically support a number of higher-order undesirable modes in addition to the primary and secondary modes of interest, a filter's performance can be degraded by inadvertently coupling energy from these modes from cavity to cavity.
The invention is directed to microwave filters which employ higher-order TE11X modes with minimal interference from other, unwanted, modes. The filters also provide an efficient thermal conduction path, permit the use of temperature compensation devices, and may be configured to occupy a smaller a footprint than conventional filters providing comparable performance. The structure of a preferred embodiment of the filter provides an efficient thermal path from the filter to a supporting surface, which typically will act as a heat sink.
In a preferred embodiment, a microwave filter includes two resonant cylinders aligned in parallel along their longitudinal axes, with the cylinders offset with respect to one another by one half the cylinders' resonant wavelength. The cylinders each support resonances of the form TE11x, i.e., two transverse electric field modes, one primary the other secondary, each of which includes an integer number (greater than or equal to three) of half wavelengths along the cylinders' longitudinal axes. Energy is coupled from modes within one cylinder to modes within the other cylinder through mainline and bridge apertures formed within a wall which is common to the two cylinders. Each cylinder is closed at either end by endwalls, with an aperture formed in one endwall of an input cylinder to form an input coupling and an aperture formed in the opposite end of the output cylinder to form the filter's output coupling. Those endwalls which have neither input nor output apertures are preferably capped by temperature compensation mechanisms.
Bridge apertures are located, whenever possible, away from the cylinders' endwalls in order to avoid coupling undesirable higher order modes between the cavities. Keeping this in mind, for TE114 and higher order TE11X modes, bridge couplings are preferably placed at any E field null other than those occurring at endwalls. For TE113 modes, a bridge aperture will preferably be located at the only E field null location that does not coincide with an endwall of either cylinder. Although additional bridge apertures may be included, any additional bridges will tend to couple some component of undesirable higher order mode energy from one cylinder to another and so should be avoided wherever possible. Nevertheless the severity of interference from unwanted modes is lowest for TE113 and increases with increasing TE11X mode.
Not only will the new filter accommodate any TE11X mode, a filter having any desired number of sections may be implemented using the new parallel cylinder design. Filter sections may be added by extending cylinders, placing additional walls within each cylinder to create additional cavities and forming coupling apertures where appropriate. Sections may also be added by forming additional cylinders in parallel with the first two and placing coupling apertures within common walls, or by a combination of these approaches.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of cylindrical resonators arranged to form a TE114 filter according to the present invention.
FIG. 2a is a sectional end view of a cylindrical resonator which illustrates the orthogonal E field pattern of a dual mode resonator.
FIG. 2b is a sectional end view of a cylindrical resonator which illustrates a primary mode E field pattern and a corresponding H field pattern.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of resonators arranged to form a TE11X filter according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of offset cavities according to the present invention which illustrates the E field peak and null distribution of TE114, TE213 and TE312 modes within TE114 cavities.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a microwave transceiver which employs the new TE11X filter.
The new microwave filter aligns cylindrical resonant cavities, preferably made of aluminum, along parallel longitudinal axes and couples energy between the cavities through mainline and bridge apertures formed in a common wall between the cylinders. The cylinders are preferably offset along these axes in order to permit the inclusion of flanges for the attachment of temperature compensation devices such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,677,403 to Kich. Although these flanges could be formed without offsetting the cylinders, by incorporating them into a cylinder housing for example, the cylinders would then be forced apart and the common wall through which energy is coupled would be thicker, the apertures through which energy is coupled would be thicker and, as a result, the bandwidth of the filter would be restricted. Alternatively, conductive materials having lower thermal coefficients of expansion than aluminum could be employed to form the cylinders, thus obviating the temperature compensation devices, but such materials, e.g. nickel-steel alloys such as INVAR, tend to be significantly denser, more expensive, and more difficult to work than aluminum. In those embodiments where a temperature compensation flange is not included the cylinders need not be offset.
The new filter design supports any TE11X mode, including TE113 and TE114, which are commonly used in satellite communications systems. Additionally, the number of sections within the filters may be expanded by adding cavities to each cylinder, by joining more than two cylinders along parallel longitudinal axes, or by a combination of these methods.
In the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 1, two right cylindrical resonators 10 and 12 aligned along respective parallel axes A10 and A12 share a common wall 14 for a substantial portion of their lengths. Horizontal apertures 16 and 18 are formed in opposing endwalls 20 and 22 of the resonators 10 and 12, respectively. Although, in general, either aperture may act as an input or output aperture, for the sake of clarity and convenience the following discussion will assume that the filter is not symmetrical and that apertures 16 and 18 are input and output apertures, respectively. Similarly, resonators 10 and 12 will be referred to as input and output resonators, respectively. Additionally, generally any endwall may include an input or output aperture, e.g., endwalls at the same ends of the cylinders, rather than at opposing ends of the cylinders as illustrated in FIG. 1, may include input and output apertures. The input/output apertures are located in opposing ends in this embodiment in order to permit the incorporation of temperature compensation devices within the cylinder ends featuring flanges.
In this illustrative embodiment, the resonators each support TE114 modes, as evidenced by four half-wavelengths represented by four alternating sets of arrows with each set 180� out of phase with adjacent sets. The E field peak locations are represented by thick arrows, lower intensity E fields are represented by narrower arrows. Associated H fields are illustrated as closed loops which encircle the (time-varying) E fields. For clarity only one of the two orthogonal modes is illustrated but, as discussed in more detail in relation to FIG. 2, E fields which are in phase with, but orthogonal to the illustrated E field establish corresponding H fields which are orthogonal to the illustrated H fields.
The resonators 10 and 12 are offset with respect to one another by one half-wavelength at either cylinder end. This arrangement aligns the input endwall 20 with an E field null within the output cylinder. A signal is introduced to the cylinders 10 and 12 through the input aperture 16 and establishes the illustrated mode pattern with, in this TE114 example, E field nulls at either endwall 20,24 and three equally spaced locations in between. Hereinafter, modes introduced from outside a cylinder will be referred to as primary modes, those which result from manipulation of a primary mode E field will be referred to as secondary modes.
It should be noted that other, unwanted, modes are also invariably supported by the cylinders. For example, a TE114 cylinder also supports TE213 and TE312 modes. Since the cylinders are conductive, E field nulls will always be located at the endwalls 20-26. This is true for the undesired modes as well as the desired modes. Although, because mode energy is coupled from cavity to cavity via H fields and because of the orientation of H fields within the cylinders, E field nulls correspond to the preferred locations along the common wall for bridge couplings, the endwall E field nulls also correspond to strong coupling locations for the undesired modes. For this reason bridge apertures are preferably located at the interior E field nulls, i.e., E field nulls not coincident with an endwall. In a TE113 embodiment there is only one such location, but additional energy may be coupled, if necessary, through an aperture located at one of the endwalls. As noted above, interference from unwanted modes is not as severe in a TE113 cylinder as in higher-mode TE11X cylinders.
In the preferred embodiment a longitudinal aperture 28 located in the cylinders' common wall 14 at the second E field peak from the input endwall 20 forms a mainline coupling from the secondary mode of the input cavity (mode 2) to the primary mode of the output cavity (mode 3). Transverse apertures 30 are preferably located at interior E field nulls and operate as bridge apertures, i.e., they couple energy between the primary mode of the input cavity (mode 1) and the secondary mode of the output cavity (mode 4).
The input 16 and output 18 apertures could be implemented as vertical apertures rather than the illustrated horizontal apertures. In that case, the bridge and mainline aperture reverse roles, i.e., the mainline aperture(s) would be transverse and the bridge aperture(s) would be longitudinal.
The sectional view of FIG. 2a illustrates the E field distribution with a dual-mode cavity. A primary mode is characterized by a primary E field pattern represented by vertical arrows of varying thickness, the thickness of which corresponds to the E field density at a given transverse location within the cavity. A coupling screw 32 located at 45� from the primary E field pattern couples energy from the primary mode into an orthogonal secondary mode, which is represented by horizontal E field lines. A tuning screw 34 may be employed to tune, i.e., make minor adjustments to, the modes supported by the cavity. Alternatively, as is known in the art, tuning screws and coupling screws may be positioned at various locations around the perimeter of the cylinder for tuning and/or coupling. The sectional view of FIG. 2b illustrates the relationship between a given mode's E field pattern and its associated H field pattern. E field density is once again represented as vertical arrows of varying thickness. The associated H field encircles the E field and is represented by "arrow tails" and "arrow heads" at the locations where the field enters and exits, respectively, the plane of the figure. The coupling screw 32 and tuning screw 34 are as discussed in relation to FIG. 2A.
The sectional view of FIG. 3 illustrates the E- and H field distribution of primary modes within input and output tubes 10 and 12, respectively. Tuning screws 34 are as discussed in relation to FIG. 2, coupling screws and the orthogonal modes they create are not shown for the sake of clarity. Horizontal input and output apertures 16 and 18 couple horizontal H fields into the input cavity 10 and out of the output cavity 12, respectively. Bridge couplings 30 couple energy between the H fields of the primary mode of the input cavity (mode 1) and the secondary mode (mode 4) of the output cavity 12. Mainline coupling 28 couples energy between the H field of the secondary mode of the input cavity (mode 2, not illustrated) and the primary mode of the output cavity (mode 3, not illustrated). As noted in the discussion related to FIG. 1, bridge coupling apertures are preferably located at interior E field minima of the input cavity's primary mode.
Clearly, the aperture thickness of an inter-cavity coupling, and consequently the filter's bandwidth, is determined by the thickness of the common wall 14. Furthermore, flanges 36, which position temperature compensation devices at cavity endwalls 24 and 26, would force the cavities further apart, thickening the common wall 14, were it not for the offset between the input and output cavities. In the preferred embodiment, a substantially solid block housing 38 encloses a substantial portion of the cavities 10,12 and provides a high thermal conductivity path for heat dissipation from the cavities to a mounting structure which would, in turn, act as a heat sink. Threaded holes 40 in the foot 42 of the housing provide for screwing the housing to a mounting structure. Broken lines descending from the output cavity and to the left of both the input and output cavities indicate that more cavities could be added to those illustrated in order to form a filter with more sections than the quasi-elliptic 4,2,0 filter illustrated.
In operation, signals to be filtered are coupled into the input cavity 10 through input coupling 16 and transformed into mode 2 through use of a coupling mechanism such as a screw coupling 32. Energy from mode 2 is coupled into mode 3 via the longitudinal aperture 28 located at the second electric field peak, which couples the magnetic field component of mode 2 into the magnetic field component of mode 3. Additionally, at least one transverse aperture 30 located at an internal, i.e., not at an endwall, electric field minimum couples the transverse magnetic field component of mode 1 into mode 4. This coupling constitutes the bridge coupling of a 4,2,0 quasi elliptic microwave filter.
The distribution of E field peaks and nulls within a two cylinder dual mode quasi elliptic filter implemented according to the present invention are illustrated in the schematic diagram of FIG. 4. In this exemplary embodiment, TE114 modes are preferred, TE213 and TE312 modes are unwanted, in part, because they tend to "de-tune" a filter as the filter's temperature varies. Mainline 28 and bridge 30 couplings are located, as in previous illustrations, at respective peaks and nulls of the primary TE114 mode E field distribution. As noted in the discussion related to FIG. 1, all the illustrated modes, TE114, TE312, and TE213, have E field nulls at endwalls 20-26. Additionally, the second interior E field nulls of modes TE114 and TE213 from the left of the figure coincide. Since these E field nulls correspond to preferred bridge coupling sites for the input cavity's primary modes, the first interior TE114 E field null from the input endwall 20 is preferred for bridge coupling. If additional coupling is required for a given filter, the location of the second interior TE114 E field null from the input endwall may be employed to couple more energy between modes 1 and 4. However, this coupling location provides a good coupling location for the TE213 mode as well and should be avoided if possible.
Although the new filter may be employed in a variety of microwave applications, it is particularly suited to operation with a satellite transceiver such as the one illustrated in block diagram form in FIG. 5. In a rudimentary "bent pipe" transceiver such this one, signals are received by a satellite, from an earth station for example, then amplified and transmitted to another earth station. The satellite transceiver forms a link in a communications chain which may envelope the globe. On board the satellite a receiving antenna 44 receives radio frequency signals and transmits the received signal to a filter bank where the signal is band-pass filtered to separate it into constituent channels by bandpass filters IBP1-IBPn. The filtered signals are then routed to respective amplifiers A1-An which amplify the individual channels. The amplified signals are transmitted to an output filter bank 48 where they are bandpass filtered and transmitted to a multiplexer 50 which combines the several channels into one signal which is then transmitted by the transmitting antenna 52 to an earth station or another satellite. The new filter may be advantageously employed as any of the illustrated bandpass filters, IBP1-IBPn or OBP1-OBPn.
The forgoing description of specific embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. Resonant cylinders having parallel longitudinal axes, sharing a common wall and employing the disclosed coupling techniques may be employed as directional couplers or RF combiners, for example. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited only by the claims appended hereto.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4725797 *Jun 1, 1987Feb 16, 1988Hughes Aircraft CompanyMicrowave directional filter with quasi-elliptic responseUS4734665 *Jun 23, 1987Mar 29, 1988Ant Nachrichtentechnik GmbhMicrowave filterUS5254963 *Sep 25, 1991Oct 19, 1993ComsatMicrowave filter with a wide spurious-free band-stop responseUS5374911 *Apr 21, 1993Dec 20, 1994Hughes Aircraft CompanyTandem cavity thermal compensationFR2675952A1 * Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6459346Aug 29, 2000Oct 1, 2002Com Dev LimitedSide-coupled microwave filter with circumferentially-spaced irisesUS6535087Aug 29, 2000Mar 18, 2003Com Dev LimitedMicrowave resonator having an external temperature compensatorUS6927652 *Jul 28, 2003Aug 9, 2005AlcatelCanonical general response bandpass microwave filterUS8665039Sep 20, 2010Mar 4, 2014Com Dev International Ltd.Dual mode cavity filter assembly operating in a TE22N mode* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification333/212, 333/135International ClassificationH01P1/208Cooperative ClassificationH01P1/208European ClassificationH01P1/208Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 30, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Jan 8, 2009ASAssignmentOwner name: COM DEV USA, LLC, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:L-3 COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022071/0601Effective date: 20080509Jun 1, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: L-3 COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRON TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:BOEING ELECTRON DYNAMIC DEVICES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017706/0155Effective date: 20050228May 22, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: BOEING ELECTRON DYNAMIC DEVICES, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:THE BOEING COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:017649/0130Effective date: 20050228Mar 20, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Mar 20, 2006SULPSurcharge for late paymentYear of fee payment: 7Jan 18, 2006REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedDec 6, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: BOEING COMPANY, THE, ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HUGHES ELECTRONICS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:015428/0184Effective date: 20000905Owner name: BOEING COMPANY, THE 100 NORTH RIVERSIDE PLAZACHICAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HUGHES ELECTRONICS CORPORATION /AR;REEL/FRAME:015428/0184Owner name: BOEING COMPANY, THE 100 NORTH RIVERSIDE PLAZACHICAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HUGHES ELECTRONICS CORPORATION /AR;REEL/FRAME:015428/0184Effective date: 20000905Jan 22, 2002REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedDec 28, 2001FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Feb 17, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: HUGHES ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HE HOLDINGS INC., DBA HUGHES ELECTRONICS, FORMERLY KNOWN AS HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:008921/0153Effective date: 19971216Mar 31, 1997ASAssignmentOwner name: HUGHES ELECTRONICS, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GRAY, DEVON J.;REEL/FRAME:008498/0019Effective date: 19961219RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


text:
Not Milk... Nutmilks!: 40 of the Most Original Dairy-free Recipes Ever! - Kindle edition by Candia Lea Cole. Cookbooks, Food & Wine Kindle eBooks @ Amazon.com.
Not Milk... Nutmilks!: 40 of the Most Original Dairy-free Recipes Ever! Kindle Edition
Candia Lea Cole (Author)
› Visit Amazon's Candia Lea Cole Page
$12.25 $0.96
from $0.96 29 Used from $0.96 7 New from $12.25 1 Collectible from $9.80
In the book 'Not Milk ... NUT MILKS!' Candia Lea Cole presents us with '40 of the most original dairy-free beverages ever,' featuring organic nuts, seeds, fruits, wholesome sweeteners, liquids and natural flavorings. Banana Coconut Cream Walnut Milk, Apple Fruit Harvest Pecan, and Mellow Carob Almond Cocoa are just a few of the delicious choices that she says provide a nourishing source of plant-based protein and calcium. Served warm or nicely chilled (for four season enjoyment), a quart of these creamy smooth-sipping beverages (made with heart-healthy flaxseed) can be prepared in 10 minutes. The author enjoys serving the nutmilks along with a muffin to her family and friends as well as the neighbor kids, who especially like the 'magic' of "making milk without the moo!" Perfect for those who must avoid dairy and milk products due to allergies, lactose intolerance, asthma or other medical reasons. In a taste test, whose results were published in Dr. Julian Whitaker's Health and Healing Newsletter (July 1993), this collection of nut milks ranked #1 amongst several non-dairy contenders! Nutmilks are "eco-friendly." They are free of veterinary drugs and growth hormones that commercial milk products contain, which put the health of cows, people and eco-systems at risk.
Here's a sampling of the recipes you can make!
Apple Fruit Harvest Pecan Milk (Nature's fruit and nut tree orchards come to life!)
Banana Coconut Date Walnut Milk (Coconut milk andvanilla flavoring enriches the flavor of this creamy delight!)
Mellow Sweet Almond Cocoa (Who needs sugar sweetened chocolate cow's milk?)
Pure &Sweet Almond Milk (Minus the inflammatory thickening ingredient that is added to store brands!)
Milks Alive : 140 Delicious and Nutritions Recipes for Fresh Nut and Seed Milks
* Do you want to avoid the antibiotics and hormones that commercial cow's milk contains?
If you answered yes to any,or all, of these questions, you won't want to miss out on this great opportunity to learn how you can create delicious, four-season non-dairy beverages that are low in calories and high in the healthy proteins and fats your body
Candia Lea Cole is a widely celebrated author, nutritional alchemist, and a holistic health educator. She is regarded in her field as "The Eco-Conscious Cook" and the "Soulful Eco-Lifestyle Mentor." Candia Lea's experience with whole foods nutrition and "eco-intelligent" living began when she was a teenager seeking answers for health challenges that had an environmental origin. When she discovered the relationship between our planetary health challenges and her personal health problems, she adopted an organic whole foods diet and began experimenting in her kitchen with the creation of "eco-friendly" recipes. Candia Lea's recipes are regarded as "eco-friendly" because the ingredients they feature are conscious of the Earth's nutritional needs, as well as our own. If you're seeking a mentor who will make learning about good health and nutrition a creative, fun, and inspirational experience, Candia Lea is your teacher!
Publisher: Waterfront Digital Press; 2nd edition (April 16, 2013)
ASIN: B00CIWDCPS
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,064,740 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
#521 in Books > Cookbooks, Food & Wine > Cooking by Ingredient > Cheese & Dairy
#879 in Books > Cookbooks, Food & Wine > Cooking Methods > Organic
#1102 in Kindle Store > Kindle eBooks > Cookbooks, Food & Wine > Natural Foods
5.0 out of 5 starsComprehensive and Detailed Collection of Recipes for Home Preparation of Nut Milks
ByLanden Saffleson December 31, 2011
I was extremely pleased with this book in that it offered a myriad of recipes for application not only with different nuts, but also different recipes for each type. As a new vegan I have found it very cost effective to make my own raw milks at home, and one can speculate the additional benefits of avoiding the preservatives in the more expensive store bought options. I especially appreciated the recipe for dairy/egg-free "egg" nog =). I would recommend this book to anyone interested in the benefits of nut milks for whatever reason, and especially if you are on a limited budget (like myself) that does not make room for store bought nut milks. If you are trying to remove dairy from your diet, you will also find that these milks make viable substitutes for dairy milk as ingredients in most recipes. Thanks for this infinitely useful product!
5.0 out of 5 starsNut Milks
ByDea Beaon May 30, 2013
This is a wonderful book. It contains the best recipes for nut milks I have ever found. I have bought this book many times to give to friends as gifts. It is always well received, and put to good use in their kitchens.
5.0 out of 5 starsNot Milk Nut Milkes
ByM. J. Welcomeon May 8, 2013
Wonderful book for those who want to make the transition from regular milk to nut milks. Grain milks are wonderful too. I use mung, spelt, and other nuts to make my milks and I'm lovin' it.
3.0 out of 5 starsGood, try newer Nut Milk recipe books
ByAZ buyeron August 4, 2014
This recipe book was part of the starting of the nut milks. It gives some good combinations of ingredients, but I don't follow any of the recipes, just taste guidelines. Was a good start. Thanks!
I would recommend Milks Alive: 140 Delicious and Nutritions Recipes for Fresh Nut and Seed Milks by Rita Rivera over this one, although I appreciate the start with this one.
5.0 out of 5 starsSafe, Healthy Alternative to Dairy, Especially for Children!
ByKytka Hilmar-Jezekon June 2, 2002
This is an excellent book not only for children with allergies, but for everyone looking for healthy alternatives... Almonds are hypoallergenic naturally and almond milk is perfectly safe - better yet when organic almonds are used. Peanuts (a bean, really, and not a nut at all) are one of the highest allergens in young children. Peanuts are also not the best choice for nut milks. Almonds contain proteins, fats, carbohydrates, calcium, potassium, and magnesium - they are the BEST choice for nut milks. Other "good" nuts are cashews, pecans, pine nuts, walnuts, pumpkinseeds, sesame seeds (may be a tad strong for the wee ones) and sunflower seeds. This book has 40 wonderful recipes. I have the first edition of this book (1990) for it's been a trusted freind for over 10 years and I have tested each and every recipe myself and they truly are wonderful... I HIGHLY recommend it. The best part is that it really gets you inspired and after tasting the delicious elixir, and knowing all of the benefits, you will NEVER buy boxes soy, rice or almond milk again. It's really a lovely book.
5.0 out of 5 starsOutstanding for 20 years and counting
ByIndigoon February 21, 2015
I've been in love with this book for over 20 years. Outstanding recipes.
5.0 out of 5 starshost of womens retreats
Byjillraeon October 17, 2013
This book is upfront and center in my recipe shelf. Creatively written and a great reference guide. All you need to know about grains. Highly recommended.
4.0 out of 5 starsHelped me to patent an invention!
ByA customeron October 29, 1999
This little gem has a neat collection of simple, easy to follow recipes for non-dairy milks that can be prepared from nut and seed slurries...Not only can these milks be used alone, but also in dishes that require milk or for the Kosher cook. These milks are also great for children who don't get enough of their essential fats from their regular diet or who have allergies to milk proteins.
3.0 out of 5 starsReading sample poorly chosen to represent the contents
I received a small sample of the book to read, supposedly to help me make a buying decision. However, the sample was the first pages of the book: contents, publishing info, about...Read more
Published on November 12, 2013 by Martin J. Adams
4.0 out of 5 starsNutritious Ideas
This book contains a collection of interesting nutritious drinks made with various nuts and seeds. In the introduction, Cole points out some of the nutritional benefits of...Read more
This item: Not Milk... Nutmilks!: 40 of the Most Original Dairy-free Recipes Ever!
The Ultimate Nut Milk Recipe Guide: How To Make Your Own Healthy, Delicious And Exciting Nut Milks Kindle Edition

value: This website is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.