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Patent US7289678 - Image transformation method and apparatus, and storage medium - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsImage data is separated into two components having elements arranged in a checkered pattern. A dummy setting component is obtained of the signal value occurring at the hole position of the first component, which is dummy-set corresponding to the direction of signal change of the first component. The...http://www.google.com/patents/US7289678?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7289678 - Image transformation method and apparatus, and storage mediumAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7289678 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/008,969Publication dateOct 30, 2007Filing dateDec 13, 2004Priority dateMay 12, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS6868187, US20020039448, US20050089236Publication number008969, 11008969, US 7289678 B2, US 7289678B2, US-B2-7289678, US7289678 B2, US7289678B2InventorsWataru ItoOriginal AssigneeFujifilm CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (3), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetImage transformation method and apparatus, and storage medium
US 7289678 B2Abstract
Image data is separated into two components having elements arranged in a checkered pattern. A dummy setting component is obtained of the signal value occurring at the hole position of the first component, which is dummy-set corresponding to the direction of signal change of the first component. The dummy setting component is subtracted from the second component to obtain a difference component, which is the high-frequency component. By performing weighted addition on the signal value occurring at the hole position of component 1 and the signal value of the difference component, an addition dummy setting is obtained, and is then added to component 2 to obtain the low-frequency component. By repeatedly subjecting the low frequency-component to this processing, the image data can be transformed into the high-frequency components and the low-frequency components of a plurality of frequency bands.
1. A method, which is applied to an image signal, comprising:
separating the image signal into first and second component signals, each of the first and second component signals comprising a plurality of elements;
assigning dummy set values to the second component signal elements, wherein the dummy set value assigned to each second component signal element is based on signal values of surrounding first component signal elements;
obtaining a high frequency component signal using the dummy set values;
utilizing the high frequency component signal to obtain a compressed version of the image signal; and
storing the compressed image signal.
the first and second component signals are obtained as a checkered pattern of elements in the image signal, and
determining the dummy set value of each second component signal element includes:
choosing a direction in relation to the second component signal element based on an associated change in signal values of the surrounding first component, wherein the change in signal values associated with the chosen direction is smaller than the change in signal values associated with another direction; and
calculating the dummy set value based on the signal values of the surrounding first component signal elements along the chosen direction.
the second component signal element is surrounded by two first component signal elements (a, d) along a lust direction, and two first component signals (b, c) along a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction, and
the dummy set value is calculated according to:
if |(Sa−Sd)|<|(Sb−Sc)|,Sx=(Sa+Sc)/2, and
if |(Sa−Sd)|≧|(Sb−Sc)|,Sx=(Sb+Sc)/2;
Sx is the dummy set value,
Sa and Sd are signal values for the first component signal elements a and d, respectively, and
Sb and Sd are signal values for the first component signal elements b and c, respectively.
determining whether a change in signal values of the first component elements, which surround the second component signal along a particular direction, is below a threshold; and
if the change in signal values is below the threshold, calculating the dummy set value based on the signal values of the surrounding first component signal elements along the particular direction.
the second component signal element is surrounded by two first component signal elements (a, d) along a first direction, and two first component signals (b, c) along a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction, and
the dummy set value is calculated according to at least one of:
if |(Sa−Sd)|<Th1,Sx=(Sa+Sd)/2,
if |(Sb−Sc)|<Th2,Sx=(Sb+Sc)/2, and
if |(Sa−Sd)|≧Th1 and |(Sb−Sc)|≧Th2,Sx=(Sa+Sb+Sc+Sd)/8;
Sn and Sd are signal values for the first component signal elements a and d, respectively, and
Sb and Sd are signal values for the first component signal elements b and c, respectively, and
Th1 and Th2 are the corresponding threshold values for the first and second directions, respectively.
obtaining a vector representing a direction and amount of change in the signal values of first component signal elements surrounding the second component signal; and
calculating the dummy set value based on the obtained vector if the change in the signal values meets a threshold.
if P<Th,Sx=(Sa+Sb+Sc+Sd)/4, and
if P≧Th,Sx=(Sa·cosθ+Sb·sinθ+Sc·cosθ+Sd·sinθ)/(2sinθ+2cosθ);
Sa and Sd are signal values for the fast component signal elements a and d, respectively, and
Sb and Sd are signal values for the first component signal elements b and c, respectively,
P and θ are the magnitude and the direction, respectively, of the obtained vector, and
Th is a threshold value for the magnitude of the obtained vector.
the high frequency component signal includes an element corresponding to each second component signal element, and
a signal value is obtained for each high frequency component signal element by calculating a difference between a signal value and the assigned dummy set value of the corresponding second component signal element.
obtaining a low frequency component signal using the first component signal and the high frequency component signal.
the low frequency component signal includes an element corresponding to each element of the first component signal, and
a signal value is obtained for each low frequency component signal element by:
assigning an additive dummy set value to the corresponding first component signal element based on signal values of surrounding high frequency component signal elements; and
calculating a sum of a signal value and the assigned additive dummy set value of the corresponding first component signal element.
the corresponding first component signal element is surrounded by four second component signal elements (e, f, g, h), and
the additive dummy set value, which is assigned to the corresponding first component signal, is calculated according to:
Sy=(Se+Sf+Sg+Sh)/8;
Sy is the additive dummy set value, and
Se, Sf Sg, and Sh are signal values of the high frequency component signal elements correspond jug to the second component signal elements e, f, g, and h, respectively.
12. The method of claim 9, the method being iteratively performed by:
rotating the low frequency component signal obtained during a previous iteration at substantially 45 degrees;
using the rotated low frequency component signal as the image signal of the subsequent iteration; and
performing iterations until a low frequency component signal of a desired frequency band is obtained.
subjecting the low frequency component signal of the desired frequency band, and the high frequency component signals obtained during the iterations, to image compression processing in order to generate the compressed image signal.
14. A method of iteratively composing an image from the compressed image signal obtained and stored from the method of claim 12, the compressed image signal including the obtained high frequency component signals and the low frequency component signal of the desired frequency band, the method comprising:
performing N iterations, wherein the nth iteration (n being 1. . . N) comprises:
assigning an additive dummy set value to each element in an nth low frequency component signal based on surrounding elements of an nth high frequency component signal;
calculating, for each of the nth low frequency component signal elements, a difference between a corresponding signal value and the assigned additive dummy set value, thereby obtaining an nth first component signal;
assigning dummy set values to each element of the nth high frequency component signal based on surrounding elements in the nth first component signal; and
calculating, for each of the nth high frequency component signal elements, a sum of a corresponding signal value and the assigned dummy set value, thereby obtaining an nth second component signal; and
arranging the nth first and second component signals to obtain an (n+1)th low frequency component signal,
wherein the low frequency component signal of the desired frequency band is set as the 1st low frequency component signal.
15. An apparatus for iteratively composing an image from the compressed image signal obtained and stored from the method of claim 12, the compressed image signal including the obtained high frequency component signals and the low frequency component signal of the desired frequency band, the apparatus being configured to:
perform N iterations, wherein the nth iteration (n being 1. . . N) comprises:
16. An apparatus for transforming an image signal, configured to:
separate the image signal into first and second component signals, each of the first and second component signals comprising a plurality of elements;
assign dummy set values to the second component signal elements, wherein the dummy set value assigned each second component signal element is based on signal values of surrounding first component signal elements;
obtain a high frequency component signal using the dummy set values;
utilize the high frequency component signal to obtain a compressed version of the image signal; and
store the compressed image signal.
the apparatus obtains the first and second component signals as a checkered pattern of elements in the image signal, and
the apparatus is configured to calculate the dummy set value of each second component signal element by:
choosing a direction in relation to the second component signal element based on an associated change in signal values of the surrounding first component elements, wherein the change in signal values associated with the chosen direction is smaller than the change in signal values associated with another direction; and
the second component signal element is surrounded by two first component signal elements (a, d) along a fist direction, and two first component signals (b, c) along a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction, and
the apparatus calculates the dummy set value according to:
the apparatus calculates the dummy set value according to at least one of:
if |(Sa−Sd)|≧Th1 and |(Sb+Sc)|≧Th2,Sx=(Sa+Sb+Sc+Sd)/8;
the apparatus is configured to calculate the dummy set value of each second component signal element includes:
calculating the dummy set value based on the obtained vector if the change in signal values meets a threshold.
if P≧Th,Sx=(Sa·cosθ+SbsinθSc·cosθ+Sdsinθ)/(2sinθ+2cosθ);
the apparatus is configured to obtain a signal value for each high frequency component signal element by calculating a difference between a signal value and the assigned dummy set value of the corresponding second component signal element.
the apparatus is configured to obtain a low frequency component signal, which includes an element corresponding to each element of the first component signal, by:
the apparatus calculates the additive dummy set value, which is assigned to the corresponding first component signal, according to:
Sy=(Se+St+Sg+Sh)/8;
Se, Sf, Sg, and Sh are signal values of the high frequency component signal elements corresponding to the second component signal elements e, f, g, and h, respectively.
26. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the apparatus is configured to perform iterative processing by:
27. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein
the apparatus is configured to subject the low frequency component signal of the desired frequency band, and the high frequency component signals obtained during the iterations to image compression processing in order to generate the compressed image singal.
This application is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 09/852,801, filed on May 11, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,868,187 the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference and for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. § 120.
The present invention relates in general to an image transformation-method and apparatus, and a storage medium, and more particularly to: a method of converting image data into high frequency components and low frequency components of a plurality of frequency bands and apparatus therefor; an image composition method of reconstructing the image data from the high frequency components and low frequency components and method therefor, an image data compression method of obtaining compressed data by compressing the high frequency components and low frequency components and apparatus therefor, an image decompression method of decompressing the compressed data and apparatus therefor, an image processing method of and apparatus for performing image processing employing an image transformation method and apparatus therefor and an image composition method of and apparatus therefor, as well as a computer readable storage medium for recording a program causing a computer to execute an image transformation method, an image composition method, an image compression method and an image decompression method.
In addition, wavelet transform, Laplacian Pyramid transform, and Fourier transform are known methods of performing multiple-resolution transformation. In particular, although wavelet transform is one method of analyzing//breaking down the frequencies of a signal, compared to the widely used Fourier transform, which is similar method of breaking down frequencies, because of the point that the ease with which locally changed data is detected is superior, wavelet transform has been in the limelight in recent years in just about every signal processing field (refer to: Oliver Rioul and Martin Vetterli, “Wavelets and Signal Processing”, IEEE SP Magazine, pp. 14-38, October 1991; Stephane Mallat, “Zero-Crossings of a Wavelet Transform, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 1019-1033, July 1991; Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 6(1994)-274614, 6(1994)-350989, 6(1994)-350990, 7(1995)-23228, 7(1995)-23229 and 7(1995)-79350.
According to the wavelet transforms disclosed in aforementioned Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6(1994)-274614, etc., by repeatedly performing a one-dimensional wavelet transform while sub-sampling vertically and horizontally is carried out, a multiple-resolution image such as that shown in FIG. 18 is obtained; this is called a tensor multiplied type two-dimensional wavelet transform. On the other hand, a method in which a wavelet transform is performed while sub-sampling is carried out in a checkered pattern (refer to The Red-Black Wavelet Transform, Greet Uytterhoeven, Adhemar Bultheel, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Report TW271, December 1997). This type of method, in which “lifting” is utilized, is called an unseparated-type wavelet transform, and for cases in which as shown in FIG. 19, pixels are disposed at vertical and horizontal, etc., intervals (hereinafter referred as square-patterned disposition), and a wavelet transform is repeatedly performed while the image is separated into an image formed of pixels disposed only at the positions indicated by an ‘O’ or ‘X’ mark. Hereinafter, this unseparated-type wavelet transform utilizing lifting will be explained. Note that when pixels are disposed only at positions indicated by the O and X marks as in FIG. 19, this is called checkered disposition.
FIG. 20 is provided for explanation of wavelet transform dependent on lifting. Note that for the sake of simplicity in explanation, a case in which a wavelet transform is performed on one-dimensional data is explained. First, one-dimensional data λj, i (here, the frequency band becomes a low frequency band corresponding to the high-low represented by j, and i is the element number) are separated into an odd-number component λj, 2 i+1 formed of the pixels of the odd-number positions, and an even-number component λj, 2 i formed of the pixels of the even-number positions. Then, the even-number component λj, 2 i is subjected to low-pass filtering by low-pass filter LP1, and the resultant is subtracted from the odd-number component λj, 2 i+1; the component obtained by the subtraction operation is the high-frequency component λj+1. On the other hand, high-frequency component λj+1 is subjected to low-pass filtering by low-pass filter LP2, and the resultant is added to even-number component λj, 2 i; the component obtained from the addition operation is the low-frequency component λj+1. Then, by repeatedly subjecting the obtained low-frequency component λj+1 to the same type of processing, data λj, I can be wavelet transformed.
On the other hand, reverse transformation of the data obtained by wavelet transform dependent on lifting is performed as described below. FIG. 21 is provided for explanation of reverse transformation of data obtained by a wavelet transform dependent on lifting. Note that, here, an explanation for a case in which is data λj, i is obtained from high-frequency component λj+1 and low-frequency component λj+1 will be given. Reverse transformation comprises performing processing completely the reverse of the wavelet transform shown in FIG. 20: high-frequency component λj+1 is subjected to low-pass filtering by low-pass filter LP2, and the resultant is subtracted from low-frequency component λj+1, whereby even-number component λj, 2 i is obtained; on the other hand, even-number component λj, 2 i is subjected to low-pass filtering by low pass filter LP1, and the resultant is added to high-frequency component λj+1, whereby odd-number component λj, 2 i+1 is obtained; then even-number component λj, 2 i and odd-number component λj, 2 i+1 are combined to obtain data.
By repeatedly performing this type of lifting-dependent wavelet transform on a two-dimensional image, as that shown in FIG. 22, a multiple-resolution image is obtained. Note that in FIG. 22, the wavelet transform is repeated four times, and the low frequency component is shown as Li and the frequency component is shown as Hi (i=1−4). Note that by subjecting two-dimensional data to a lifting-dependent wavelet transform and carrying out the data sub-sampling in a checkered pattern, an unseparated-type wavelet transform can be realized, and by this unseparated-type wavelet transform, the high-frequency component Hi and the low-frequency component Li obtained in each step of the wavelet transform become arranged as elements (because it is not image data and cannot be called a pixel, it is hereinafter called an element) in a checkered pattern. In FIG. 22, because the high-frequency component Hi and the low-frequency component Li obtained in each step of the wavelet transform are shown arranged as elements in a square-pattern, high-frequency components H1, H3 and low-frequency components L1, L3 are shown rotated by 45°.
Here, the comparative effect on the high-frequency component for tensor-multiplied type wavelet transforms and unseparated-type wavelet transforms utilizing lifting are shown in Chart 1 below. Note that, here, for both aforementioned types of wavelet transforms, when the low-frequency components have become 1/16 the size of those of the original image, the ratio of the high-frequency components whose absolute value have become less than a predetermined value (1, 2, 3) has been obtained, and the comparison of this ratio is shown.
The present invention has been developed in consideration of the circumstances described above, and it is a primary objective of the present invention to provide a an image transformation method of and apparatus for obtaining high-frequency components having a value of 0 or close to zero, regardless of whether or not an image has anisotropy.
The image transformation method according to the present invention comprises subjecting image data to separation processing to separate the high frequency component and low frequency component thereof, obtaining the high-frequency and low frequency component of a low-frequency band one step lower, by subjecting said low-frequency component to aforementioned derecomposing process, and by repeatedly subjecting the low frequency component of said one-step lower low frequency band to aforementioned derecomposing process until the low-frequency component and high-frequency component of a predetermined frequency band is obtained, aforementioned image data is transformed into the high-frequency components and low frequency components of a plurality of frequency bands, wherein aforementioned derecomposing process separates aforementioned image data or low-frequency component into checkered pattern component 1 and component 2, and dummy-setting the signal value occurring at the position of the hole of aforementioned component 1, corresponding to the direction of the signal change of aforementioned component 1, and obtaining a dummy setting component, obtaining the difference component between aforementioned component 2 and aforementioned dummy setting component as the high-frequency component, dummy-setting and obtaining an addition dummy setting component by performing weighted addition on the signal occurring at the position of said high-frequency component with the signal of the surrounding vicinity thereof, and obtaining aforementioned low frequency component by adding said addition dummy setting component to aforementioned component 1.
The expression “component 1 and component 2 are separated into a checkered pattern” refers to, for cases in which, as shown in FIG. 19, the elements composing the image data or the low frequency component are arranged in a square pattern, separating the image data or low-frequency component into a component formed of elements of the positions indicated by an O mark and a component formed of elements of the positions indicated by an X mark. Note that according to the separation processing according to the present invention, a low-frequency component is obtained as elements having a checkered pattern, however, to again separate component 1 and component 2 into checkered pattern from here, by rotating by 45° the low frequency component having elements disposed in a checkered pattern or by rotating the sampling direction by 45°, the elements composing the low-frequency component can be arranged so as to be considered as arranged in a square pattern. In addition, when the elements composing image data are arranged in a checkered pattern, by rotating by 45° the image data having elements disposed in a checkered pattern or by rotating the sampling direction by 45°, the elements composing the image data can be arranged so as to be considered as arranged in a square pattern, and component 1 and component 2 can be separated.
The expression “the position of the hole of component 1” refers to, as shown in FIG. 19, for cases in which the component indicated by the O mark is component 1, the position indicated by the X mark.
The expression “the position of the hole of component” refers to, as shown in FIG. 19, for cases in which the component indicated by the X mark is component 2, the position indicated by the O mark.
Conventionally, the signal value occurring at the hole of component 1 constitutes component 2, and the signal value occurring at the hole of component 2 constitutes component 1, however, the expression “dummy setting component” refers to the signal value occurring at the hole of component 1 obtained without using component 2 whatsoever. Note that there are cases for which the value of the dummy setting component and the value of component 2 differ. Therefore, according to the present invention, by obtaining the difference component of the dummy setting component and component 2, a component closer to the conventional value is obtained as a high-frequency component.
Although the high-frequency component of the signal value occurring at the position of the hole of component 2 is the high-frequency component of component 1, the expression “addition dummy setting component” refers to the signal value of the high-frequency component occurring at the hole position of the high-frequency component (that is, the hole position of component 2) obtained without using component 1 whatsoever.
The image composition method according to the present invention comprises the steps of obtaining high-frequency components of all the frequency bands and a low-frequency component of the lowest frequency band using the image transformation method of the present invention, recomposing a high-frequency component of the lowest frequency band and the low-frequency component of the lowest frequency band into a low-frequency component of a 1-step high frequency band, repeating the step of recomposing now for a high-frequency component of the 1-step high frequency band and the low-frequency component of the 1-step high frequency band until desired recomposed image data is obtained; wherein the recomposing process sets and obtains an addition dummy setting component by performing weighted addition on the signal value occurring at the position of the hole of the high-frequency component of a frequency band subjected to said recomposing process and the signal value occurring in the vicinity surrounding said hole position, and obtains a component 1 as the difference component of the low-frequency component of a frequency band subjected to the recomposing process and aforementioned addition dummy setting component, and obtains the signal value occurring at the hole position of aforementioned component 1 according to the direction of the signal change of said component 1, and obtains a component 2 by adding the high-frequency component of a frequency subjected to the recomposing process to said dummy setting component, and obtains the low-frequency component of a 1-step high frequency band one step higher than the low-frequency component of a frequency band of component 1 and component 2 arranged in a checkered pattern that has been subjected to the recomposing process.
Here, because the low-frequency component and the high-frequency component are obtained as components having elements arranged in a checkered pattern, the component 1 and the component 2 are also components having elements of a checkered pattern. Accordingly, the expression “component 1 and component 2 are arranged in a square shape” refers to obtaining a low-frequency component in which the positions indicated by an O mark and the positions indicated by an X mark both have elements by making the hole positions of each of the elements of the component 1 and the component 2, which have elements arranged in a checkered pattern, the elements of their respective counterpart. Note that according to the recomposing process of the present invention, although a low-frequency component is obtained as a component having elements arranged in a square shape, to combine this with a high-frequency component having elements disposed in a checkered pattern, by rotating the low-frequency component composed of elements disposed in a square shape 45° or the by rotating the sampling direction 45°, the elements composing the low-frequency component can be considered to be disposed in a checkered pattern.
For cases in which image data has been subjected to irreversible compression processing, the decompression processing consists of subjecting the compressed data to entropy decoding, and then obtaining the high-frequency components of all the frequency bands and the low-frequency component of the lowest frequency band by reverse quantification. In this case, the obtained high-frequency components of all the frequency bands and the low-frequency component of the lowest frequency band are of an more inferior quality, corresponding to the degree of quantification, than the high-frequency components of all the frequency bands and the low-frequency component of the lowest frequency band before subjection thereof to compression processing. On the other hand, for cases in which the image data has been subjected to reversible compression, the decompression processing consists of subjecting the compressed data to entropy decoding and obtaining the high-frequency components of all the frequency bands and the low-frequency component of the lowest frequency band.
The expression “the value of all elements is subjected to compression processing against a component of 0” refers to the arranging of elements having the same arrangement as in the image data into a checkered pattern of elements having a value of 0.
The expression “predetermined image processing” can refer any of various image processing processes, such as blurring-mask processing, step processing, enhancement processing, changing the value of elements processing, and so on, which has been determined in advance. The image transforming apparatus according to the present invention comprises a separation processing means for subjecting image data to separation processing and separating said image data into a high-frequency component and low frequency component, wherein aforementioned low-frequency component obtained by said separation processing is further subjected to separation processing and a high-frequency component and a low-frequency component of a 1-step low frequency band, which is one step lower than said low-frequency component, and by repeatedly subjecting the high-frequency component and the low-frequency component of said 1-step low-frequency band obtained by said separation processing to separation processing until the high-frequency component and the low-frequency component of a predetermined frequency band are obtained, aforementioned image data can be transformed into the high-frequency components of a plurality of frequency bands and the low-frequency component of the lowest frequency band, and which further comprises a checkered pattern for separating aforementioned image data or aforementioned low-frequency component into a component 1 and a component 2 arranged in a checkered pattern, a dummy setting means for dummy setting the signal value occurring at the hole position of aforementioned component 1, according to the direction of the signal change of component 1, and obtaining a dummy setting component, a difference obtaining means for obtaining the difference component of aforementioned component 2 and aforementioned dummy setting component as aforementioned high-frequency component, a weighted-addition performing means for obtaining an addition dummy setting component by performing weighted-addition on the signal value occurring at the hole position of said high-frequency component and the signal value occurring in the vicinity surrounding said hole position, and an adding means for adding said addition dummy setting component to aforementioned component 1 and obtaining aforementioned low-frequency component.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block drawing of the configuration of an embodiment of an image transforming apparatus according to the present invention,
Hereinafter, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained, with reference to the drawings.
The dummy setting means 3 obtains the dummy setting component C1 as described below. FIG. 3 is a drawing provided for explanation of the obtaining of dummy setting component C1. Note that in FIG. 3, the white circles indicate the element positions first component B1, which have a signal value, and the black circles indicate the hole positions corresponding to the second component B2. As shown in FIG. 3, the dummy setting means 3 dummy sets the four signal values Sa, Sb, Sc and Sd of the four element positions a, b, c and d, which are the element positions of the vicinity surrounding the hole positions of the first component B1, that is the signal value Sx of the element position x corresponding to the element positions of the second component B2. More specifically, the signal value Sx is obtained as shown in formula 1 below:
When |(Sa−Sd)|<|(Sb−Sc)|,Sx=(Sa+Sd)/2;
When |(Sa−Sd)|≧|(Sb−Sc)|,Sx=(Sa+Sc)/2 <1>
When (Sa−Sd)<Th1,Sx=(Sa+Sd)/2
When (Sb−Sc)<Th2,Sx=(Sb+Sc)/2
(u,v)=((Sc+Sd)−(Sa+Sb),(Sa+Sc)−(Sb−Sd)) <3>
P=√{square root over ( )}(u 2 +v 2) <4>
θ=tan−1(u/v)−π/4 <5>
When P<Th,Sx=Sx=(Sa+Sb+Sc+Sd)/4
When P≧Th,Sx=(Sa×cosθ+Sb×sinθ+Sc×cosθ+Sd×sinθ)/(2 sinθ+2 cosθ) <6>
C2=B2−C1 <7>
Here, the sum of the signal values Se, Sf, Sg and Sg in formula 8 is ½, however, by setting signal value Sy in this way, aliasing can be effectively removed from the addition dummy setting component C3. Then, the signal value Sy of all the hole positions are obtained as addition dummy setting component C3.
Li=B1+C3 <9>
By first subjecting image data S0 to the above described processing, the low-frequency component Li and the high-frequency component Hi thereof are obtained. Then, by again subjecting the low-frequency component Li obtained in this way to the same processing by checkered-pattern separating means 2, dummy setting means 3, difference obtaining means 4, weighted addition performing means 5, and adding means 6 as described above, the low-frequency component L2 and the high-frequency component H2 of a 1-step low frequency band are obtained. By again subjecting the low-frequency component Li obtained of each frequency band to this processing repeatedly, as shown in FIG. 5, the image data S0 can be transformed into the low-frequency components Li and the high-frequency components Hi (where i=1˜n) of a plurality of frequency bands. Note that what are saved from among the low-frequency components Li and the high-frequency components Hi obtained thereby are the low-frequency component Ln and the high-frequency component Hn of the lowest frequency band.
Note that because the elements are arranged in a checkered pattern in the low-frequency component Li, from here, in again separating the first component B1 and the second component B2 into a checkered pattern, by rotating the low-frequency component Li by 45° or by rotating the sampling direction by 45°, the processing can be carried out so that the elements composing the low-frequency component Li can be recognized as being arranged in a square pattern.
Next, the operation of the image transforming apparatus 1 according to the current embodiment will be explained. FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the operation of the image transforming apparatus 1 according to the current embodiment. First, the image data S0 is separated into the first and second components, B1 and B2, by the checkered-pattern separating means 2 (step S1). Then, the signal value occurring at the hole position of the first component B1 is dummy-set and dummy setting component C1 is obtained by dummy setting means 3 (step S2). Dummy setting component C1 is subtracted from the second component B2 and the difference component C2, that is, the high-frequency component Hi is obtained by difference obtaining means 4 (step S3). The difference component C2 is input to the weighted addition performing means 5, wherein the signal value of hole positions of the difference component C2 are dummy-set by performing weighted addition thereon, and addition dummy setting component C3 is obtained (step S4). The addition dummy setting component C3 is added to the first component B1 by the adding means 6 and the low-frequency component Li is obtained (step S5). Then, whether or not the low-frequency components Li and the high-frequency components Hi up to a predetermined frequency band have been obtained or not is determined (step S6), and if a negative result is obtained in step S6, step S1 is returned to, and the processing from step S1 to step S6 is repeated. When a positive result is obtained in step S6, having obtained the low-frequency component Li and the high-frequency component Hi of the predetermined frequency band, the processing is complete.
Here, a comparison of the high-frequency components obtained as a result of using aforementioned tensor-multiplied wavelet transform and the unseparated-type wavelet transform utilizing lifting, and the high-frequency component obtained as a result of using the image transforming apparatus according to the current embodiment is shown in chart 2 below. Note that here, the same as in Chart 1 the ratio of the elements, of the high-frequency component when the low-frequency component has become 1/16 the size of that of the original image, having an absolute value below a predetermined value is obtained for both sides, and the comparative result thereof is shown. Further, the images 1 and 2 are the same as those used for Chart 1.
In addition, when a certain image is subjected to multiple-resolution transformation, if comparatively strong edges occur within the image, because high-frequency components and low frequency components across a wide range of frequency bands are contained in the edge data, the correlation between each frequency component becomes higher. If the correlation between each frequency component becomes higher in a case, for example, in which only the high-frequency component of a certain frequency band is subjected to image processing, because the frequency components of other frequency bands in the same data are not subjected to image processing, artifacts may occur in the reconstructed image as a result of a reduced matchibility of the components of each frequency band when they are later combined. Further, because the same data is included within the high-frequency components spanning a plurality of frequency bands, the compressibility thereof becomes poor.
Note that according to the embodiment described above, although the processing has been performed on an image data S0 formed of elements arranged in a square shape, the processing can be performed in the same way on an image data S0 formed of elements arranged in a checkered shape. In this case, in the same way as performed on the low-frequency component Li in the description of the current embodiment provided above, by rotating the elements arranged in a checkered shape by 45° or by rotating the sampling direction by 45°, the elements composing the image data S0 can be considered as being arranged in a square pattern, and the first and second components can be separated. Note that after the image data S0 has been separated once, because the first and second components become arranged in a checkered pattern, the processing subsequent thereto is performed in the same way as in the embodiment described above.
Next, an embodiment of an image composing apparatus according to the present invention will be explained. FIG. 7 is a schematic block drawing of the configuration of an embodiment of an image composing apparatus according to the present invention. The image composing apparatus 10 according to the current embodiment is an image composing apparatus for reconstructing the image data S0 transformed by the image transforming apparatus 1 according to the current embodiment by combining the low-frequency component Li and the high-frequency component Hi of the lowest frequency band obtained by said transformation processing, and comprises a weighted addition performing means 5, which is the same as that of the image transforming apparatus 1 according to the current embodiment, for dummy-setting and obtaining an addition dummy setting component C3 by performing weighted addition on the signal value occurring at the hole positions of the high-frequency component Hi of a frequency band to be subjected to recomposing process, a difference obtaining means 7 for obtaining a difference component C4 of the low-frequency component Li of a frequency band to be subjected to recomposing process to the addition dummy setting component C3 as the first component B1, a dummy setting means 3, which is the same as that of the image transforming apparatus 1 according to the current embodiment, for dummy-setting the difference component C4, that is, the signal value occurring at the hole positions of the first component B1 and obtaining a dummy setting component C1, an adding means 8 for adding the dummy setting component C1 to the high-frequency component Hi and obtaining an addition component C5, and a checkered-pattern composing means 9 for combining the first component B1 and the second component B2 and obtaining the low-frequency components Li−1 of a 1-step high-frequency band.
C4=Li−C3 <10>
C5=Hi+C1 <11>
Here, the first component B1 and the second component B2 are formed of elements arranged in a checkered pattern. Therefore, the checkered pattern composing means 9 combines the first component B1, which is composed of only the elements of the round white positions, and the second component B2, which is composed of only the elements of the black round positions, as shown in FIG. 9, and obtains a low-frequency component Li−1, which has elements arranged in a square pattern, of a 1-step high-frequency band. Note that although a low-frequency component Li−1, which has elements arranged in a square pattern, of a 1-step high-frequency band is obtained by this composing processing, to arrange the elements thereof in a checkered pattern in order to match said low-frequency component Li−1 with a high-frequency component of a 1-step high-frequency band, the elements of the low-frequency component Li−1 can be made to be made to be considered as being arranged in a checkered pattern by rotating the low-frequency component Li−1 by 45° or by rotating the sampling direction by 45°.
Then by again subjecting the low-frequency component Li−1 obtained in this way and the high-frequency component Hi−1, which has been saved, to processing by the difference obtaining means 7, the weighted addition performing means 5, the dummy setting means 3, the adding means 8 and the checkered-pattern composing means 9 in the same manner as described above, a low-frequency component Li−2 of a 1-step high frequency band is obtained. Then, by repeatedly performing this processing from the combining of the low-frequency component Ln of the lowest frequency band and the high frequency component Hn of the lowest frequency band to the composing of the low-frequency component of the highest frequency band, that is, the composing of the image data S0, as shown in FIG. 8, the image data S0 can be reconstructed from the low-frequency component Ln and the high-frequency component Hi.
Next, the operation of the image composing means 10 according to the current embodiment will be explained. FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the operation of the image composing apparatus 10 according to the current embodiment. First, the high-frequency component Hn is input to the weighted addition performing means 5, wherein the signal value occurring at the hole position of the high-frequency component Hn dummy-set by performing weighted addition thereon, and the addition dummy setting component C3 is obtained (step S11). Then, the addition dummy setting component C3 is subtracted from the low-frequency component Ln of the lowest frequency band and the difference component C4, that is, the first component B1 is obtained by the difference obtaining means 7 (step S12). The first component B1 is input to the dummy setting means 3, wherein the signal value occurring at the hole position of the first component B1 is dummy-set and dummy setting component C1 is obtained (step S13). The dummy setting component C1 is added to the high-frequency component Hn and the addition component C5, that is, the second component B2 is obtained by the adding means 8 (step S14). The first component B1 and the second component B2 are combined by the checkered-pattern composing means 9, and the low-frequency component Li−1, which is formed of elements arranged in a square pattern, of a 1-step high-frequency band is obtained (step S15). Then, it is determined whether or not the low-frequency component of the highest frequency band, that is, the image data S0, has been obtained (step S16), and if a negative result is obtained in step 16, step 11 is returned to and the processing from step 11 through step 16 is repeated. If a positive result is obtained in step 16, the image data S0 has been reconstructed and the processing is complete.
Next, the image compression apparatus 20 according to the current embodiment will be explained. FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the operation of the image compression apparatus 20 according to the current embodiment. First, the image data S0 is input to the image transforming means 1, wherein, in the same way as described above the low-frequency component Ln and the high-frequency component Hi are obtained (step S21). The low-frequency component Ln and the high-frequency component Hi are quantified by quantifying means 21 and the quantified signal R0 is obtained (step S22). The quantified signal R0 is encoded by the entropy encoding means and compressed data S1 is obtained (step S23), and the processing is complete.
FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of the configuration of the embodiment of an image decompression apparatus according to the current embodiment. As show in FIG. 10, the image decompression apparatus 25 according to the current embodiment comprises an entropy decoding means 26 for subjecting the compressed data obtained by the image compression apparatus 20 according to the current embodiment to entropy decoding and obtaining restored data F0, a reverse quantifying means 27 for reverse quantifying the restored data F0 and restoring the high-frequency components Hi′ of all the frequency bands and the low-frequency component Ln′ of the lowest frequency band, and an image composing means 10 according to the current embodiment. Note that according ton the current embodiment, because the compressed data S1 has been irreversibly compressed, the low-frequency component and the high-frequency component obtained by reverse quantifying means 27 are inferior to the low-frequency component Ln and the high-frequency component Hi. Because of this, a “′” reference mark has been attached to the Ln, Hi and the image data S0.
Next, the operation of the image decompression apparatus 25 according to the current embodiment will be explained. FIG. 134 is a flowchart of the operation of the image decompression apparatus 25 according to the current embodiment. First, the compressed data S1 is input to the entropy decoding means 26, is entropy decoded and restored data F0 is obtained (step S31). The restored data F0 is reverse quantified by the reverse quantifying means 27 and the low-frequency component Ln′ and the high-frequency component Hi′ are obtained (step S32). The low-frequency component Ln′and the high-frequency component Hi′ are input to the image composing apparatus 10, wherein they are combined and the image data S0′ is obtained, and the processing complete (step S33).
Note that according to the current embodiment, because the compressed data has been irreversible compressed, the component composed of all elements having a value of 0, the low-frequency component and the high-frequency component obtained by reverse quantifying means 27 are inferior to the low-frequency component Ln, the high-frequency component Hi and the component M. Therefore, a “′” mark is attached to the Ln, Hi and M.
In addition, the component M′, the low-frequency component Ln′ and the high-frequency component Hi′ are input to the image composing apparatus 10 and combined. Here, at first, the low-frequency component Ln′ and the high-frequency component Hi′ are combined, and the image data S0′ (the “′” mark is attached because the image data S0 has been irreversibly compressed) formed of elements arranged in a checkered pattern is obtained. Then, the image data So′ formed of elements arranged in a checkered pattern is again combined with the component M′ composed of all elements having a value of 0 (this component M′ is also formed of elements arranged in a checkered pattern), and finally, reconstructed image data S3 formed of elements arranged in a square pattern is obtained.
According to the image processing means 31, the high-frequency component Hi of a desired frequency band and/or the low-frequency component Ln of the lowest frequency band from among the low-frequency component of the lowest frequency band and the high-frequency components of all the frequency bands obtained by the image transforming apparatus 1 are subjected to image processing such as blurring-mask processing, step processing, enhancement processing, changing the value of elements processing, and so on, as described, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6(1994)-274614, and obtaining a processed low-frequency component Ln1 and a processed high-frequency component Hi1. Note that although according to the current embodiment, the components of a desired frequency band are subjected to image processing, that called the processed low-frequency component Ln1 and the processed high-frequency component Hi1 include components that have been subjected to image processing and components that have not been subjected to image processing.
Next, the operation of the image processing apparatus according to the current embodiment will be explained. FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the operation of the image processing apparatus according to the current embodiment. First, the image data SS0 is input to the image transforming apparatus 1 and in the same way as described above a low-frequency component Ln and a high-frequency component Hi are obtained (step S41). The low-frequency component Ln and the high-frequency component Hi are input to the image processing apparatus 31, wherein the components of a desired frequency band are subjected to image processing and processed low-frequency component Ln1 and a processed high-frequency component Hi1 are obtained (step S42). The processed low-frequency component Ln1 and a processed high-frequency component Hi1 are input to the image composing means 10, wherein they are combined and processed image data S1 is obtained (step S43), and the processing is complete.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5831586Apr 12, 1995Nov 3, 1998Asahi Glass Company Ltd.Method of driving a picture display deviceUS5901249Jun 3, 1994May 4, 1999Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Method for compressing image signalsUS6236684 *Jun 27, 1997May 22, 2001Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.Wavelet transform method and apparatusUS6307968Dec 14, 1998Oct 23, 2001Vincenzo Arturo Luca LiguoriDirect manipulation of compressed geometryJPH0723228A Title not availableJPH0723229A Title not availableJPH0779350A Title not availableJPH04242028A Title not availableJPH06274614A Title not availableJPH06350990A Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Computer Science, Celestijnenlaan 200A-B-3001 "The Red-Black Wavelet Transform.", Report TW 271, Dec. 1997, pp. 1-16.2Olivier Rioul and Martin Vetterli: "Wavelets and Signal Processing", Oct. 1991, pp. 14-38.3Stephane Mallat: "Zero-Crossings of a Wavelet Transform.", IEEE Transanctions on information theory, vol. 37, No. 4, Jul. 1991, pp. 1019-1033.Classifications U.S. Classification382/240, 382/232, 382/248International ClassificationG06T5/10, G06K9/36Cooperative ClassificationG06T5/10, G06T5/001, G06T2207/20064European ClassificationG06T5/10Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 15, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: FUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORPORATION, JAPANFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD.;REEL/FRAME:018898/0872Effective date: 20061001Owner name: FUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORPORATION,JAPANFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD.;REEL/FRAME:018898/0872Effective date: 20061001Feb 26, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: FUJIFILM CORPORATION, JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:018934/0001Effective date: 20070130Owner name: FUJIFILM CORPORATION,JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:018934/0001Effective date: 20070130Mar 30, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Apr 15, 2015FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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Alchimia by Anna Pulinaro - Book - Read Online
by Anna Pulinaro
Publisher: YoucanprintReleased: May 4, 2018ISBN: 9788827829257Format: book
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$10 MILLION SEVERANCE PACKAGE - The Washington Post
$10 MILLION SEVERANCE PACKAGE
By Kathleen Day June 28, 1990
Peter Cohen, fired as chairman of Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. shortly before the firm reported one of the biggest losses in Wall Street history, won't be leaving empty-handed: He'll get a check worth $10 million.
As part of a severance package he arranged when he stepped down as head of the country's second-largest brokerage firm, Cohen will receive $2.6 million in cash, an office with a secretary, a consulting contract worth several hundred thousand dollars, and stock and options worth millions of dollars that he accumulated over his 20 years with the firm.
According to sources familiar with the situation at American Express Co., which owns Shearson, the package was not excessive given Cohen's long history with the company and considerable role in building the firm. It roughly equals one month's salary for every year he worked there, the sources said.
Cohen is the latest in a long line of executives who have reaped huge sums in recent years despite the myriad financial problems at the companies they left behind. Although Wall Street has always been known for rewarding a job well done, the excesses of the 1980s are showing how it was sometimes willing to pay for a performance that didn't work out.
Drexel Burnham Lambert Group Inc. doled out $270 million in bonuses and stock to top executives just days before filing for bankruptcy in February. Retiring General Motors Corp. Chairman Roger B. Smith presided over a huge decline in the automaker's U.S. market share but will see his pension doubled to $1.2 million as part of a plan recently approved by GM's board.
"Corporate America traditionally has paid people well who don't do well," said Joseph A. Grundfest, professor at Stanford Law School and former commissioner at the Securities and Exchange Commission. "I think corporate America would run better if pay and performance were more closely linked."
On the other hand, Grundfest said, "The question is, did Peter Cohen run Shearson into the ground? Shearson ran into rough spots at the end, yes, but it wouldn't have been where it was at the top at all without Peter Cohen."
Indeed, Cohen was for years riding the fast track at Shearson. Serving as the number two man to Shearson's former chairman, Sandy Weill, the brash, highly ambitious Cohen helped build Shearson into a powerhouse second only to Merrill Lynch. When he took over as chairman in 1983, at the age of 36, he continued in an expansionist vein, stunning competitors by buying Wall Street's oldest partnership, Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb.
Lehman was a firm steeped in a staid, culturally sophisticated tradition, a sharp and difficult contrast to Shearson's -- and Cohen's -- rougher, less polished style.
Eventually, the growth began to bleed the bottom line and put Cohen at loggerheads with his boss, American Express Chairman James D. Robinson III.
Now people debate whether his total track record or his most recent performance should determine his severance pay. "Someone should figure out all the money he's made for the company over the years," said an investment banker at a competing Wall Street firm. "Even with the recent losses, Shearson comes out ahead." But, he said, "The economy marks hard. It's not like in school where you can be graded on a curve."
An aide on the House committee that oversees the securities industry, while acknowledging Cohen contribution to Shearson, said, "But he's also the guy who presided over the firm's biggest mistakes."
One of those mistakes was his failure to win out in the bidding to finance the leveraged buyout of RJR Nabisco, Wall Street's biggest deal yet. He also was highly criticized for buying troubled E.F. Hutton in 1988. Since then, American Express has been forced to pump nearly $1 billion into the troubled subsidiary, which reported a record loss of $915 million for the first three months of 1990.
Cohen's rich compensation package was not out of line with those offered by rival firms during the 1980s, when cutthroat competition and a go-go mentality forced companies to pay a high premium for talent, analysts said. It is similar to ones American Express has negotiated for other executives with Cohen's stature and length of service at the firm, sources familiar with the company said.
Michael C. Jensen, a management professor at Harvard, said that while recent research indicates corporations in general do a poor job of tying pay to performance, investment banking has proved to be an exception. Wall Street salaries move up and down depending on the profits of the firm in any given year, he said. "In the 1980s, there were lots of good years."
Under the terms of package, Cohen cannot discuss Shearson or sue the firm, a provision that some have viewed as a way to gag criticism and in essence send a key insider away happy, or at least less disgruntled.
Cohen, perhaps not surprisingly, had no comment yesterday.
Cohen earned a reputation during his 20 years at Shearson as a master negotiator, tactician and ruthless hatchet man rather than as a trader or investment banker. It is fitting, some Wall Street executives note, that after the ultimate hatchet man was given the ax himself in January, he managed to negotiate such a handsome severance package from the company he is blamed for running nearly into the ground.
Said one stock trader on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange upon hearing the news: "Ten million bucks for wrecking the company? Nice work if you can get it."

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Silver Beach Towers E1105 Has Waterfront and Washer - TripAdvisor - Destin Vacation Rental
Has Waterfront and Washer - Rental in Destin, FL
USA›Florida (FL)›Florida Panhandle›Destin›Silver Beach Towers Vacation Rentals
Send to a friend Silver Beach Towers East 11052 Bedroom | 2 Bathroom | Gulf-Front Condo | Sleeps 6Silver Beach Towers Destin Vacation Rental11th Floor East TowerComplimentary Beach Service March 1st - October 31stA colorful, tropical getaway is waiting here for you! Floor-to-ceiling windows with plantation shutters allow beautiful Gulf views from all living and sleeping areas. The generous balcony provides unrestricted views of the beach to the east and west and can be accessed from both bedrooms and the living area. While you enjoy the sun, surf and sand, your vehicle remains cool in its assigned, underground parking space.The large balcony and open living areas are perfect for spending time with family and friends and enjoying the views of the white sand and emerald green waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The Living room features a 47” flat screen...
Silver Beach Towers East 11052 Bedroom | 2 Bathroom | Gulf-Front Condo | Sleeps 6Silver Beach Towers Destin Vacation Rental11th Floor East TowerComplimentary Beach Service March 1st - October 31stA colorful, tropical getaway is waiting here for you! Floor-to-ceiling windows with plantation shutters allow beautiful Gulf views from all living and sleeping areas. The generous balcony provides unrestricted views of the beach to the east and west and can be accessed from both bedrooms and the living area. While you enjoy the sun, surf and sand, your vehicle remains cool in its assigned, underground parking space.The large balcony and open living areas are perfect for spending time with family and friends and enjoying the views of the white sand and emerald green waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The Living room features a 47” flat screen High Definition TV and Blu-ray player. The completely renovated kitchen is stocked with all the cookware and dishware you would need to create memorable meals in the comfort of your vacation home. Property DetailsWelcome to Silver Beach Towers East 1105 Bedding Summary:Master Bedroom: King BedGuest Bedroom: King BedLiving Area: Queen Sleeper SofaThe Master Suite consists of the Master bedroom, Master bathroom, and walk-in closet. The Master bedroom features a King bed with private entrance to the Gulf-front balcony. This room also contains a 37” flat screen HDTV, equipped with a DVD/CD player. The Master bathroom has a jetted tub, huge walk-in shower with built-in bench, and double sinks.The Guest bedroom includes a King bed with down comforter and 32” flat screen HDTV. Like the Master bedroom, this room features a private entrance to the Gulf-front balcony and large windows that provide spectacular beach and ocean views! The Guest Bathroom has a spacious walk-in shower with a built-in bench.Come and see how fun it can be to stay and play in Destin, Florida! Silver Beach Towers CommunityThese Gulf-front condominiums with two towers featuring luxury vacation rentals in a variety of floor plans. The resort offers over 600 feet of sugar white sands and emerald colored waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Two Gulf-side pools, hot tubs, tennis courts, BBQ Grills, spectacular views and assigned covered parking are just a few of the amenities that are offered at Silver Beach Towers Resort. Located in central Destin at the intersection of Airport Road and Hwy 98E, close to attractions, dining, and shopping.A variety of floor plans are offered and all condominiums at Silver Beach feature whirlpool tubs, granite or Corian countertops, private balconies, fully equipped kitchens, and washer and dryers. All of the condos offer all the convenience of home in a luxury tropical environment. There is truly no vacation like a vacation at Silver Beach Towers.An exciting seasonal amenity offered at Silver Beach Towers is Shaggy’s Beach Rental Service. This exclusive service allows for the hourly, daily, and weekly rentals of beach equipment, including: SUP boards, kayaks, Go-Pro Cameras, water mats, boogie boards and much more. Shaggy’s Beach Rentals are the perfect vacation extra for adults and children alike, without ever having to leave the resort. Destin Area InformationDestin is well known as the World’s Luckiest Fishing Village largely because of its roots as a top fishing destination and quick access to the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Destin boasts the largest charter fishing fleet in the state of Florida. But, there is much more to Destin than charter fishing. Destin has evolved over the years to be a top beach vacation destination. Featuring sugar white sand beaches and emerald colored water, it is an absolutely beautiful area. The town itself offers many upscale shopping, dining, and entertainment opportunities. Much of the development of the area has been done with luxury lifestyles in mind. Destin also has one of the busiest private airports in the country. There are tons of things to do in Destin, water parks, water sports rentals, parasailing, scuba diving, snorkeling, power boating, sailing, fishing, tennis, shopping, or just plain relaxing on one of the world’s most beautiful beaches. You’ll want to come back again and again! Professionally managed by Compass ResortsAdditional amenities include: jetski (personal watercraft), walking, living room, golf, wildlife viewing, marina, antiquing, groceries, fishing, health/beauty spa, minimum age limit for renters, cycling, outlet shopping, parasailing, hospital, boating, recommended, non smoking only, cinemas, water parks, elevator: community, sight seeing, scenic drives, shopping, photography, sound/bay fishing, wind-surfing, guests provide their own meals, heating, dining area, dishes & utensils, churches, iron & board, beachcombing, eco tourism, coffee maker, family, miniature golf, kayaking, bay/sound, shelling, deepsea fishing, bird watching, swimming, restaurants.
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Great unit, comfortable beds, beautiful views. We will be sure to book this unit again.
This was our second vacation in Destin. We stayed at the Silver Beach Towers #E1105. Silver Beach Towers is very clean, convenient, with a beautiful view of the beach. The staff is very friendly & helpful,( I should know, I locked the key in the room and they got me an extra key right away!)
November is a great month to visit Destin, the weather is great and the crowds are gone. I also recommend...
This was our first visit to Destin, we had a great time. The condo at Silver Beach Towers was just as advertised. The unit was clean, comfortable, and convenient. The beach was beautiful and the view from the balcony at sunset was great. We will be back.
Mar 2, 2018 3 nights
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text: Thanks for your effort, and a small question.: Micro Four Thirds Talk Forum: Digital Photography Review

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text:
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text:
perl - prevent Dist::Zilla from inserting the copyright year? - Stack Overflow
By default if Dist::Zilla finds no copyright year it will use the current year, since it doesn't seem to support multiple years or year ranges I find the current year to be most appropriate. However, whenever I run dzil new Module it automatically inserts the copyright year into my dist.ini. Is there a way to prevent Dist::Zilla from doing this?
perl dist-zilla share|improve this question asked Oct 22 '12 at 23:03
Remove [DistINI] from your minting profile, and use a template dist.ini file with GatherDir::Template instead. That's much more flexible.
As an example, here's my skel/dist.ini:
;                                                       -*-conf-windows-*-{{
$license = ref $dist->license;
if ( $license =~ /^Software::License::(.+)$/ ) {
$license = $1;
$license = "=$license";
$authors = join( "\n", map { "author  = $_" } @{$dist->authors} );
name    = {{$dist->name}}
{{$authors}}
license = {{$license}}
copyright_holder = {{$dist->copyright_holder}}
skip = ^(?:lib|strict|utf8|warnings)$
And then my profile.ini includes:
include_dotfiles = 1 ; want .gitignore
share|improve this answer edited Oct 22 '12 at 23:37
Exactly! This is also what I would do.
it appears I did the templating too (in a long lost set of minters at home) ... except I didn't bother with funky logic, I just copied my license, copyright holder, etc. There doesn't really appear to be any advantage to not doing that.
@rjbs why can't be just make the [DistINI] plugin more configurable as to which sections to include, so logic like authors join, and license selection don't have to be in templates. Also why include copyright_year at all in the [DistINI] plugin given that it's completely optional in the config? seems like a bad default maybe.
Not the answer you're looking for?	Browse other questions tagged perl dist-zilla or ask your own question.	asked

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text:
Amazon.co.uk: 0521146542 - Books Trade-In: Books Amazon.co.uk Try Prime Your Amazon.co.uk
Customer Support one result for Books : Books Trade-In : "0521146542" "0521146542" Cancel
by Peter Duffett-Smith and Jonathan Zwart
£7.66Spiral-bound
0521146542
9780521146548

value: This website is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.


text:
Working and playing to health : (as we see it) - NLM Catalog - NCBI
Search database NLM Catalog All DatabasesAssemblyBiocollectionsBioProjectBioSampleBioSystemsBooksClinVarConserved DomainsdbGaPdbVarGeneGenomeGEO DataSetsGEO ProfilesGTRHomoloGeneIdentical Protein GroupsMedGenMeSHNCBI Web SiteNLM CatalogNucleotideOMIMPMCPopSetProbeProteinProtein ClustersPubChem BioAssayPubChem CompoundPubChem SubstancePubMedSNPSparcleSRAStructureTaxonomyToolKitToolKitAllToolKitBookgh
Search: "working and playing to health"
Working and playing to health : (as we see it)
Bettag, Otto, 1906-
Appel, Kenneth E (Kenneth Ellmaker)1896-1979
Bay, Alfred Paul, 1910-
Mental Health Film Board (New York NY)
Working and playing to health : (as we see it) / an Affiliated film ; [presented by] State of Illinois, Dept. of Public Welfare ; Mental Health Film Board.
Mental Health Film Board professional education series ; no. 2
[Chicago, IL] : International Film Bureau, c1953.
Answer print : 1 film reel of 1 (1284 ft.) : sd., b&w ; 16 mm.
Set in a state mental institution in central Illinois, this film presents information on, and reenactments of, the delivery of occupational, recreational, and industrial therapies to help patients. The message is that while doctors and nurses are necessary, other kinds of non-medical intervention are needed, too, for those suffering from mental illness. Therapists and staff are shown working with patients and discussing effective approaches with one another. Music therapy, patients learning job skills, bouncing balls to one another -- all are demonstrated. Respect and understanding of patients is emphasized.
Country of Producing Entity: United States.
Last inspected: 199305. Condition complete; .65% shrinkage/scratched/rainy/warped.
Credits: William G. Stratton, Otto L. Bettag ; K. Appel, L. Baumgartner, C. Binger, J.M. Bobbitt, M.P. Kaufman, R.T. Morse, T.A.C. Rennie, H.P. Rome, L. Saul, E.D. Swann, H.I. Weinstock, Alberta Jacoby ; photographed by Kevin Smith ; technical assistanceby Alfred Paul Bay, Bertha Schlotter and staff ; directed by Willard Van Dyke.
Videocassette (Betacam SP) 1 videocassette (36 min.) : sd., b&w ; 1/2 in.
Videodisc (DVD) 1 videodisc (36 min.) : sd., b&w ; 4 3/4 in.
Mental Health Film Board Research date: 11/17/2011 Source: Item.
9602065 [Motion picture, Videorecording]
"working and playing to health"[All Fields]

value: This website is part of the United States National Library of Medicine , a branch of the National Institutes of Health . It is approved and funded by the government of the United States.


text:
V Malorossīi skip navigation
link: "//www.loc.gov/pictures/item/prk2000000288/",
url :"//cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/prokc/20200/20247_150px.jpg",
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link :"//cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/prokc/20200/20247u.tif",
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/prok/10200/10247_150px.jpg",
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/prok/10200/10247r.jpg",
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link :"//cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/prok/10200/10247u.tif",
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/prok/00200/00247_150px.jpg",
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/prok/00200/00247r.jpg",
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/prok/00200/00247v.jpg",
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/prok/00200/00247u.tif",
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/prok/00200/00247a.tif",
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsc/03900/03970_150px.jpg",
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsc/03900/03970r.jpg",
meta: 'digital color rendering from digital files from glass neg. [127kb]'
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsc/03900/03970v.jpg",
meta: 'digital color rendering from digital files from glass neg. [275kb]'
link :"//cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/ppmsc/03900/03970u.tif",
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/prokc.20247
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/prok.10247
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/prok.00247
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsc.03970
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-prokc-20247 (digital color composite from digital file from glass neg.)
LC-DIG-prok-10247 (detail of digital file showing single frame from glass neg.)
LC-DIG-prok-00247 (digital file from glass neg.)
LC-DIG-ppmsc-03970 (digital color rendering from digital files from glass neg.)
Call Number: LC-P87- 2026 [P&P] LOT 10333,
Corresponding photographic print is in album: Various views and studies, Russian Empire and Europe, LOT 10333, no. 17.
LOT 10333, no. 17
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/prk2000000288/

value: This website is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States.


text:
Vertical Window Entry Design Ideas, Pictures, Remodel and Decor
Type Front Door (1,002)
Mudroom (359)
Single (1,500)
Find out if your remodeling dreams fit your budget reality.Try the Real Cost Finder 9,563 vertical window Entry Design Photos
Ideabooks1,201	Questions2	Geometric Cinder wall, vertical window next to doorblue front door and floor to ceiling window are very mod and retrocinder block wall gives way to an ice-blue front door on the exterior. A vertical window allows the family to see visitors as they approach the door.Geo cinder — Colette Emmrich Hibberd Embed
Ideabooks8,816	Questions6	Beautiful! What is the width of this window?This is a window. Isn't it a great view?Another idea for the south wall upstairs is a series of vertical windows likeA vertical slice of heavenly view turns it into a framed masterpiece, especially when the colour of the window frame contrasts so din the area, a fixed window can be a good choice. Fixed windows can be combined with operable windows to save money. If your window, fixed or otherwiseyou in, no doubt about that, but without that little window seat, you might just brush past the window on this stair landing without stopping for a momentlarge room, but installing such a window really makes an impact on this landing. I think I'd plop down on that window seat and forget why I was ever goingThe window is about 4.5ft wide....wow - what a view window !...Picture that has a window effect.Fenêtre noir — cesar2015 Embed
Ideabooks3,678	Questions5	vertical windows...narrow windows...Window door is clean.Rug and side table — heidibs Embed
See My Projects SaveEmail	Red Images Fine Photography2 Reviews	House Nerd - Ariane Prevost Home
Ideabooks186	Questions1	vertical window...narrow windowDoor — Damon Ghidella Embed
SaveEmail	PCM Inc4 Reviews	Interiors
Ideabooks13,711	Questions9	love the windows and spiral staircase, Like the wooden doors,Stain glass windows in doors...Wood windows...Curved windowEntry — jaf200 Embed
Ideabooks3,079	Questions5	What's this material above the windowLove grey with white big windowsConcrete wood narrow windowsباب — Manal Dashti Embed
Ideabooks1,097	Questions2	I like this door with small window slits and windows all around.Door and windows above. Grouping of lights.Front yard under window...Door and tower of windowsFront — asimkhan Embed
Ideabooks3,921	Questions3	Really like the stairs with all the windows facing the front entry.Mudroom, privacy, too many windows...Like the windows...big windows and wide entryWow — cedarcr Embed

value: This website is an American website, online community and software for architecture; interior design and decorating; landscape design and home improvement. It was founded in 2009 and is based in Palo Alto, California.


text:
sean obrien - Dublin Singles Nights (Dublin) - Meetup
http://photos4.meetupstatic.com/photos/member/6/5/1/0/member_88825872.jpeg
http://www.meetup.com/Dublin-Singles-Nights/members/74530912/
Hey im sean im 23 and ive been single for way to long haha im looking to maybe meet some new people have some fun and hopefully maybe meet someone for fun friendship and maybe more haha : ) Sign in to post a Greeting.
Hi Sean! That sounds really interesting, you would be a great contribution to our group. We will have our first meeting on Sunday (see event for further details) all the best/M Feb 13, 2013 8:20 PM
hey :) how are u doing? I just have a question - u said u are studing in Dún Laoghaire. Is there also a subject where u learn how to do a website?? I am looking for someone who sets up one for work- if u know anything let me know:) Feb 07, 2013 3:10 PM
Sean brillent you are doing visual arts.This course is totally Transformative and Amazing!200e (over 12 weeks) or 180( paid first day) my no.[masked] if you want further details. Thanks Trish Feb 05, 2013 1:54 PM
How's it going Sean? Thanks for joining the group! :D Jan 09, 2013 4:42 PM
Well hello newbie, welcome to the club! I'm not a very active participant on this site, if I'm honest I'm doing okay at the moment ;) But you never know I may be utilising Singles in the future. Best of luck with your 'endeavours'. Dawnie Jan 07, 2013 10:43 AM
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1,222 Gigonometrists

value: This website is a service used to organize online groups that host in-person and virtual events for people with similar interests. It was founded in 2002 by Chairman Scott Heiferman and four co-founders.