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Patent US20060189069 - Structure and method for integrating mim capacitor in beol wiring levels - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method for integrating a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor in back end of line (BEOL) wiring levels of a semiconductor device includes forming an isolating layer over a lower wiring level, forming a bottom electrode of the capacitor on the isolating layer, and forming an interlevel dielectric material...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060189069?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060189069 - Structure and method for integrating mim capacitor in beol wiring levelsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060189069 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/906,521Publication dateAug 24, 2006Filing dateFeb 23, 2005Priority dateFeb 23, 2005Also published asUS7160772Publication number10906521, 906521, US 2006/0189069 A1, US 2006/189069 A1, US 20060189069 A1, US 20060189069A1, US 2006189069 A1, US 2006189069A1, US-A1-20060189069, US-A1-2006189069, US2006/0189069A1, US2006/189069A1, US20060189069 A1, US20060189069A1, US2006189069 A1, US2006189069A1InventorsDouglas Coolbaugh, Vidhya RamachandranOriginal AssigneeInternational Business Machines CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (3), Classifications (14), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetStructure and method for integrating mim capacitor in beol wiring levelsUS 20060189069 A1Abstract A method for integrating a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor in back end of line (BEOL) wiring levels of a semiconductor device includes forming an isolating layer over a lower wiring level, forming a bottom electrode of the capacitor on the isolating layer, and forming an interlevel dielectric material on the isolating layer and the bottom electrode. A capacitor dielectric is formed on the bottom electrode and a top electrode of the capacitor is formed on the capacitor dielectric, wherein the top electrode is formed concurrently with an upper wiring level, the upper level being the next successive wiring level with respect to the lower wiring level. Images(6) Claims(20)
1. A method for integrating a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor in back end of line (BEOL) wiring levels of a semiconductor device, the method comprising: forming an isolating layer over a lower wiring level; forming a bottom electrode of the capacitor on said isolating layer; forming an interlevel dielectric material on said isolating layer and said bottom electrode; forming a capacitor dielectric on said bottom electrode and forming a top electrode of the capacitor on said capacitor dielectric; wherein said top electrode is formed concurrently with an upper wiring level, said upper level being the next successive wiring level with respect to said lower wiring level. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said bottom electrode is patterned and said interlevel dielectric is formed prior to forming said capacitor dielectric and said top electrode. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said isolating layer further comprises an insulating layer formed over said lower wiring level. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said isolating layer further comprises a barrier layer formed on said lower wiring level. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising: patterning said interlevel dielectric material so as to define a capacitor trench, said capacitor trench stopping on said bottom electrode; forming said capacitor dielectric in said capacitor trench; and forming a protective liner over said capacitor dielectric, said protective liner further comprising a portion of said top electrode. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: defining a first via within said interlevel dielectric for landing on said bottom electrode; and defining a second via within said interlevel dielectric for landing on said lower wiring level; said first and second vias being defined subsequent to said capacitor trench formation. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising defining upper wiring level trenches in said interlevel dielectric and over said first and second vias. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: filling said first and second vias, said upper wiring level trenches and said capacitor trench with a conductive fill material; and planarizing said conductive fill material so as to define said upper wiring level and said top electrode. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising removing excess portions of said capacitor dielectric and said protective liner during said planarizing of said conductive fill material. 10. The method of claim 5, further comprising forming a barrier layer over said bottom plate, said barrier layer serving as an etch stop material during the formation of said capacitor trench and said first via. 11. A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor for back end of line (BEOL) wiring levels of a semiconductor device, comprising: a bottom electrode disposed over and isolated from a lower wiring level; a capacitor dielectric formed on said bottom electrode and a top electrode formed on said capacitor dielectric; wherein said top electrode is integrated with an upper wiring level, said upper level being the next successive wiring level with respect to said lower wiring level. 12. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, further comprising an interlevel dielectric formed between said lower wiring level and said upper wiring level, said interlevel dielectric formed prior to said capacitor dielectric and said top electrode. 13. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein said bottom electrode is isolated from said lower wiring level by an insulating layer formed over said lower wiring level. 14. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein bottom electrode is isolated from said lower wiring level by a barrier layer formed on said lower wiring level. 15. The MIM capacitor of claim 12, further comprising a protective liner formed over said capacitor dielectric, said protective liner comprising a portion of said top electrode. 16. The MIM capacitor of claim 15, further comprising: a first via defined within said interlevel dielectric, said first via landing on said bottom electrode; and a second via defined within said interlevel dielectric, said second via landing on said lower wiring level; said first and second vias being defined subsequent to a capacitor trench formed within said interlevel dielectric. 17. The MIM capacitor of claim 16, further comprising upper wiring level trenches defined in said interlevel dielectric and over said first and second vias. 18. The MIM capacitor of claim 17, further comprising: a conductive fill material formed in said first and second vias, said upper wiring level trenches and said capacitor trench; and said conductive fill material being planarized so as to define said upper wiring level and said top electrode. 19. The MIM capacitor of claim 18, wherein said conductive fill material comprises copper. 20. The MIM capacitor of claim 15, further comprising a barrier layer over said bottom plate, said barrier layer serving as an etch stop material during the formation of said capacitor trench and said first via.
BACKGROUND The present invention relates generally to semiconductor device manufacturing, and, more particularly, to a structure and method for integrating a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor in back end of line (BEOL) wiring levels of a semiconductor integrated circuit. In many mixed signal or high frequency RF applications, both high performance, high-speed capacitors and inductors are utilized. Low series resistance, low loss, high Q and low (RC) time constants are characteristic of such components in high frequency applications for achieving high performance. In addition, these device structures are fabricated by processes compatible with CMOS processing (e.g., using AlCu alloys to pure copper in dual damascene structures). In particular, a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor is commonly used in high performance applications in CMOS technology. Typically, the MIM capacitor has a sandwich structure and can be described as a parallel plate capacitor. The capacitor top metal (CTM) is separated from the capacitor bottom metal (CBM) by a thin insulating dielectric layer. Both parallel plates are typically formed from Al or AlCu alloys that are patterned and etched through the use of several photolithography photomasking steps. The thin insulating dielectric layer is typically made from silicon oxide or silicon nitride, deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), for example. Damascene processing is a common method for fabricating planar copper interconnects. Damascene wiring interconnects (and/or studs) are formed by depositing a dielectric layer on a planar surface, patterning the dielectric layer using photolithography and reactive ion etching (RIE), and then filling the formed recesses with conductive metal. The excess metal is then removed by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), leaving the troughs or channels filled with metal. For example, damascene wiring lines may be used to form bit lines in DRAM devices, with processing similar to the formation of tungsten (W) studs in the logic and DRAM devices. In both examples, sputtered Ti/TiN liners (underlying diffusion barriers) are coated with chemical vapor deposited (CVD) W metal, then polished back to the oxide. In a dual damascene process, a monolithic stud/wire structure is formed from the repeated patterning of a single thick oxide film, followed by metal filling and CMP. First, a relatively thick oxide layer is deposited on a planar surface. The oxide thickness may be slightly larger than the desired final thickness of the stud and wire, since a small amount of oxide is removed during CMP. Stud (via) recesses are formed in the oxide using photolithography and RIE that either partially etches through the oxide or traverses the oxide and stops on the underlying metal to be contacted. The wire recesses can then be formed using a separate photolithography step and a timed oxide etching step. If the former stud RIE option is used, the wire etching completes the drilling of the stud holes. Next, the stud/wire metallization is deposited, and then planarized using CMP. The resulting interconnects are produced with fewer process steps than with conventional single damascene processing. Moreover, with a dual damascene process, two layers of metal are formed simultaneously (e.g., a wiring line and contact stud vias), thus avoiding an interface therebetween. In the fabrication of semiconductor devices, metal lines are often embedded in dielectric layers in a multilevel structure, particularly in the latter stages (referred to as �back end of the line� or �BEOL�) of the fabrication process. However, with the continued scaling of semiconductor technologies, narrower linewidths are accompanied by features shrinking in the direction perpendicular to the wafer. For example, in BEOL structures, vias and wires become shorter so that they can be patterned with thinner resists to achieve narrower linewidths. As the space between two successive line levels becomes smaller, devices such as MIM capacitors (which fit in between two wiring levels), become more difficult to fabricate since there is less headroom therebetween. In addition, existing schemes for forming MIM capacitors are dependent on successfully landing vias at different heights (e.g., on the top plate, the bottom plate and the prior level Cu wire) with a single via reactive ion etch (RIE) step. In technologies such as CMOS 9SF, a MIM capacitor is placed between formed at about twice the thickness (2�) of the thinnest wiring level(s). In this case, the via landing on the top plate lands about 3000 angstroms (Å) above the via on the Cu wire underneath. This leads to a requirement of extreme selectivity of the RIE process to the top plate material. Eventually, in future 11SF technology, a situation will be reached in which the conventional MIM capacitor structure can no longer be placed between 2� thickness wires, since the via height therebetween is now less than the MIM capacitor stack height. One way to address this situation would be to implement a single mask scheme, wherein a dielectric followed by the top-plate metal is deposited directly over the copper. A single mask is then used to pattern the top-plate. With this approach, the resulting stack height would be less with respect to a conventional configuration, since there is no need to include either the isolation barrier or the bottom plate in the MIM capacitor stack. In other words, the bottom plate of the MIM capacitor becomes part of the Cu wiring level itself. Unfortunately, the direct exposure of dielectric to copper means that oxide materials cannot be used as the capacitor dielectric material (as it would attack the copper), thus ruling out the very attractive high-K materials for capacitor dielectrics. Furthermore, using a damascene copper plate places an upper limit on the size of the plate, additionally compromising the surface quality and planarity of the Cu electrode (due dishing, scratches, etc., following CMP). Moreover, for existing MIM capacitor integration schemes in which the top plate is placed in the interlevel dielectric (ILD) and has a different height via landing thereupon, an extremely selective via RIE process is needed to prevent etching through the top plate and resulting in yield or reliability problems. The edge of the top plate of the MIM capacitor is a weak point in these integration schemes because the top plate RIE endpoints in the underlying dielectric, leading to RIE damage, microtrenching and local thinning of the dielectric. Accordingly it would be desirable to be able to flexibly integrate a MIM capacitor between BEOL wiring levels for semiconductors devices with decreasing vertical heights, and in a manner that does not undesirably limit the choice of MIM capacitor dielectrics. SUMMARY The foregoing discussed drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art are overcome or alleviated by a method for integrating a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor in back end of line (BEOL) wiring levels of a semiconductor device. In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes forming an isolating layer over a lower wiring level, forming a bottom electrode of the capacitor on the isolating layer, and forming an interlevel dielectric material on the isolating layer and the bottom electrode. A capacitor dielectric is formed on the bottom electrode and a top electrode of the capacitor is formed on the capacitor dielectric, wherein the top electrode is formed concurrently with an upper wiring level, the upper level being the next successive wiring level with respect to the lower wiring level. In another embodiment, a MIM capacitor for BEOL wiring levels of a semiconductor device includes a bottom electrode disposed over and isolated from a lower wiring level, a capacitor dielectric formed on the bottom electrode and a top electrode formed on the capacitor dielectric. The top electrode is integrated with an upper wiring level, the upper level being the next successive wiring level with respect to the lower wiring level.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Referring to the exemplary drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several Figures: FIGS. 1(a) through 1(k) are process flow diagrams illustrating a structure and method for integrating a MIM capacitor in BEOL wiring levels of a semiconductor device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Disclosed herein is a structure and method for integrating a MIM capacitor in BEOL wiring levels of a semiconductor device. Briefly stated, the bottom plate of the MIM capacitor is isolated over a lower wiring level by interlevel dielectric material, while the top plate is patterned and formed by damascene processing so as to be integrated within an upper wiring level. Because additional dielectric is not used to isolate the top plate from the upper wiring level, the MIM capacitor may be fitted between thin wiring levels, but still formed atop an insulative material for dielectric flexibility. Referring initially to FIG. 1(a), there is shown an exemplary semiconductor device 100 following the completion (trough etch, liner deposition, metal fill, planarization, etc.) of a first (lower) wiring level 102. A capping layer 104 is formed atop the first wiring level 102 and surrounding interlevel dielectric, as shown in FIG. 1(b). FIG. 1(b) further illustrates the formation of the materials used for the bottom plate of the MIM capacitor. Following the deposition of an isolating layer 106 (e.g., oxide, SiCOH) over the capping layer 104, the bottom plate electrode metal 108 (e.g., TiN) is deposited over the isolating layer 106. In lieu of forming isolating layer 106, the capping layer 104 could alternatively be formed at a sufficient thickness so as to provide the desired isolation from the lower wiring level 102. In either case, the bottom plate metal 108 is then covered by a barrier layer 110 (such as NBLOK or nitride, for example) that will serve as a subsequent etch stop layer for the capacitor trench formation. As shown in FIG. 1(c), the bottom plate 108 is patterned using a resist material 112. Since the MIM capacitor is a relative large structure with respect to other structures of the semiconductor device, a mid-UV (MUV) mask is suitable for use, along with a thick layer of resist for the bottom plate patterning. It is further noted that, as is the case for an existing MIM capacitor structure, no metal fill or dummy shapes are present beneath the bottom plate 108. FIG. 1(d) illustrates the formation of an interlevel dielectric (ILD) layer 114 over the capping layer 104 and bottom plate 108/barrier layer 110 stack. The resulting topography from the patterned bottom plate 108 is subsequently planarized, as shown in FIG. 1(e). Depending on the extent of the ILD material removed during planarization, an additional insulating cap 116 may be formed over the planarized ILD layer 114. The cap may be the same material as the ILD material, or it may also be a different insulating material. The deposition of a cap material advantageously masks CMP damage that may otherwise be replicated into the next damascene layer as defects. For ease of illustration, the ILD layer 114 and post-planarization cap 116 are simply shown as ILD layer 114 hereinafter. Proceeding now to FIG. 1(f), the patterning for the capacitor dielectric and top plate formation is shown. An MUV mask may again be used for the patterning of the capacitor trench 118, wherein the barrier layer 110 is an etch stop for the ILD removal. Another etch step can then be used to remove the exposed portions of the barrier layer 110, stopping on the bottom plate 108. Although FIG. 1(f) depicts a complete removal of the ILD material 114 from the trench 118, it will be appreciated that some small density fill may be left behind through appropriate patterning so as to reduce dishing of the top MIM capacitor electrode during a later copper planarization step. Then, as shown in FIG. 1(g), a capacitor dielectric 120 is formed over the device surface, including the sidewall surfaces and bottom of the trench 118. A protective liner of conductive material 122 (e.g., TiN) is deposited over the capacitor dielectric 120 so as to prevent damage thereto during subsequent processing and, being conductive, will define a portion of the top electrode. As indicated previously, the processing embodiments herein allow for the flexibility in the choice of capacitor dielectric material (e.g., silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, Hi-K oxides such as hafnium oxide and barium strontium titanate). Following the completion of the capacitor trench definition, dielectric and protective liner, a lithography and etch process is implemented to both define the vias for connecting the lower wiring level 102 to the subsequently formed upper wiring level, as well as a via for connecting the bottom plate 108 to the upper wiring level. This is shown in FIG. 1(h). Because of the formation of the capacitor trench 118, a planarizing antireflective coating (ARC) is used (e.g., by spin-on application) to create a planar surface prior to the application and patterning of resist layer 126. It will be noted that the via for the bottom plate 108 is landed at a higher height than the via 130 connected to the lower wiring level 102. For both the capacitor trench and via RIE processes, a conventional chemistry may be modified in order to break thorough the liner/dielectric bilayer. Continuing with multiple damascene processing, FIG. 1(i) illustrates the lithography portion for the upper wiring level formation. The device is again planarized using an ARC layer, followed by the application and patterning of resist layer 134. After the subsequent RIE of the exposed layers in FIG. 1(j), it will be noted that the bottom plate via 128 may slightly extend into the material of the bottom plate 108, while via 134 is extended through the barrier layer, landing on the lower wiring level 102. At this point, the residual capacitor dielectric 120 and protective layer 122 may be removed prior to metal fill. However, since debris from the removal could deposit within the open vias and capacitor trench, it is preferable to remove the excess capacitor dielectric 120 and protective layer 122 during planarization of the upper wiring level and top electrode metal. Finally, FIG. 1(k) illustrates the completed upper wiring level 136, including the main copper portion of the capacitor top electrode 138. The upper metal level may be formed by methods known in the art, including copper liner and seed deposition, followed by plating and planarization by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), for example. A capping (barrier) layer 140 may then be formed over the upper wiring level 136 and top electrode 138, after which additional BEOL processing may continue. Thus configured, a novel MIM capacitor structure is defined for integration within shrinking BEOL wiring levels. In one respect, the presently disclosed scheme retains the advantages of an existing MOD (MIM capacitor on dielectric) scheme by having the MIM cap lower electrode isolated from and independent of the lower wiring level by a sacrificial dielectric. However, in the present embodiments, only the bottom plate material is deposited prior to forming the next level ILD material, thus producing a thinner stack. However, unlike conventional integration schemes, the top plate of the MIM capacitor is patterned prior to the patterning of the next (upper) level metal, although the top plate is integrated within the upper wiring level. A further advantage of the present scheme is the elimination of a via landing on the top plate, removing this as a source of loss in yield or reliability. Although the via RIE process still calls for landing on the bottom plate (and thus some selectivity is needed) an etch into a portion of bottom plate material is not of particular concern (unless there is a complete etch therethrough leading to poor contact resistance). Thus, the via height differences in the present embodiments need not be as severe as the conventional processes. Still a further advantage, as indicated earlier, is the lack of exposure of copper from the MOD type integration, and thus the ability to use high-k dielectrics. Further, unlike prior integration schemes, the MIM capacitor dielectric is not exposed to RIE damage from the end of the top plate RIE, thus removing one source of loss in reliability. While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8114734 *Oct 21, 2008Feb 14, 2012United Microelectronics Corp.Metal capacitor and method of making the sameUS8324048Jan 1, 2012Dec 4, 2012United Microelectronics Corp.Metal capacitor and method of making the same including dielectric layer of different mechanical strength and dielectric constant regionsUS8324712Jan 1, 2012Dec 4, 2012United Microelectronics Corp.Metal capacitor and method of making the same including dielectric layer of different mechanical strength regions* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification438/243, 257/E21.582, 257/E21.579, 257/E21.008, 257/E21.59, 257/296International ClassificationH01L21/8242, H01L29/94Cooperative ClassificationH01L23/5223, H01L28/40, H01L21/76808European ClassificationH01L21/768B2D2, H01L28/40, H01L23/522C4Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 1, 2011FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20110109Jan 9, 2011LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesAug 16, 2010REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedFeb 23, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW YFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:COOLBAUGH, DOUGLAS D.;RAMACHANDRAN, VIDHYA;REEL/FRAME:015699/0701;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050204 TO 20050210RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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The Beat Within 1246 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive
Ebook and Texts Archive > Additional Collections > The Beat Within Magazine > The Beat Within 1246
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DescriptionThe Beat Within is a writing and conversation program in juvenile halls - and a weekly magazine that grows out of that program. The Beat was founded in 1996 when a social worker inside San Francisco's Youth Guidance Center realized that there was no vehicle for the anguished voices of the incarcerated youth he heard. He decided to provide that vehicle, and The Beat was born. The Beat Within is published by Pacific News Service, a San Francisco nonprofit organization. For more information, contact us at 415 503 4170, write us at The Beat Within; 275 Ninth Street; San Francisco, CA 94103, or email us at beat@pacificnews.org.
Identifier: beatwtihin1246Mediatype: textsLicenseurl: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/Identifier-access: http://www.archive.org/details/beatwtihin1246Identifier-ark: ark:/13960/t6vx0b11kFilesxml: Mon Aug 24 17:53:57 UTC 2009Imagecount: 84Ppi: 600Ocr: ABBYY FineReader 8.0

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Amazon.co.uk: Amazon Customer's review of Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger: (Volume 1): ...
A compelling imaginary world, 2 Jun. 2012
This review is from: Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger: (Volume 1): Gunslinger Bk. 1 (Paperback)
The Gunslinger, the first in Stephen King's epic Dark Tower series, is a beautifully crafted novel which mixes genres. It's a western, horror, fantasy, and by the end philosophical novel. The hero, Roland of Gilead, is a cross between a Clint Eastwood character and the archetypal traveller, on a long quest through a strange world. His adventures are enthralling and tinged with melancholy, as we gradually learn tidbits about his mission. As this is the first in a series it ends on a "to be continued" note and numerous questions are left unanswered, but the book isn't meant to be read by itself, with no curiosity about what happens after.
Here King establishes an imaginary world with the breadth and depth of vision all great storytellers share. He doesn't spend chapter after chapter explaining the magic, but lets each strange development speak for itself. The narrative uncoils not like a snake or a machine but a flower, revealing its essence leaf by leaf, its scent teasing you. A barroom resurrection and an encounter with a lusty oracle left me in awe of this place King paints.
The plot is simple: Roland, the gunslinger, chases the man in black, a mischievous sorcerer, through an apocalyptic waste land. Come to think of it, the whole plot can be summed up in the book's first sentence: "The man in black fled across the desert, and the gunslinger followed." Along the way Roland meets a friendly hermit, a troubled boy and the hopeless residents of Tull, a lonesome tumbleweed town. Each adventure is more exciting and mysterious than the last. In this novel (short, for Stephen King, at 238 pages) Roland faces everything from religious fanaticism to carnivorous mutants.
Towards the end of the novel there's a stunning sequence which explores philosophical ideas, and shows this author at his most transcendent. The earlier encounter with the oracle hints at this profound segway, but nothing prepared me for its beauty. Those who like challenging popular fiction will love it.
Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger: (Volume 1): Gunslinger Bk. 1 0340829753 Stephen King Hodder Paperbacks Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger: (Volume 1): Gunslinger Bk. 1 Welcome A compelling imaginary world The Gunslinger, the first in Stephen King's epic Dark Tower series, is a beautifully crafted novel which mixes genres. It's a western, horror, fantasy, and by the end philosophical novel. The hero, Roland of Gilead, is a cross between a Clint Eastwood character and the archetypal traveller, on a long quest through a strange world. His adventures are enthralling and tinged with melancholy, as we gradually learn tidbits about his mission. As this is the first in a series it ends on a "to be continued" note and numerous questions are left unanswered, but the book isn't meant to be read by itself, with no curiosity about what happens after.
For fans of Stephen King and dark fantasy The Gunslinger is an excellent, enrapturing read. Amazon Customer 2 Jun. 2012
Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger: (Volume 1): Gunslinger Bk. 1
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JetBlue Reaches Initial Labor Agreement With Pilots Union - Bloomberg
May 11, 2018, 4:50 PM EDT
Labor leaders to review whether to send accord out for vote
Deal reached after three years of contract negotiations

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Follain, John Overview
History Biography Case studies Trials, litigation, etc Personal narratives Classifications:
City of secrets : the startling truth behind the Vatican murders
City of secrets : the startling truth behind the murders the Vatican murders
The last godfathers : the rise and fall of the Mafia's most powerful family
Mussolini's island the battle for Sicily 1943 by the people who were there
The definitive account of the killing of British student, Meredith Kercher, in Perugia - the shocking case that appalled the world
This is the story of Zoya who escaped from Afghanistan but continued the struggle to bring to the world's attention the plight of Afghani women under the Taliban
Zoya's story [an Afghan woman's struggle for freedom]
De laatste godfathers : de opkomst en ondergang van de Corleones; de machtigste maffiafamilie van Italië
Zoya : een Afghaanse vrouw in haar strijd voor vrijheid
Zoya : la mia storia
On the night of Monday, May 4, 1998, in Vatican territory, the bodies of the commander of the Swiss Guard, his wife and young lance corporal were found
Zoya : een moedige Afghaanse vrouw vecht voor vrijheid
Die letzten Paten : Aufstieg und Fall der Corleones
Follain erzählt die blutige Geschichte der 3 Paten des berüchtigten Mafia-Clans aus der Kleinstadt Corleone, die seit Jahrzehnten als die Mafia-Hochburg Siziliens gilt
Zoya : la ... to
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Zoya Cristofari, Rita Taliban Carlos the Jackal Leggio, Luciano Provenzano, Bernardo 1933- Riina, Salvatore Kercher, Meredith Vatican City Guardia svizzera pontificia Tornay, Cédric Useful Links
Afghanistan Afghanistan--Kabul Borsellino, Paolo, British Carlos,--the Jackal College students Estermann, Alois Falcone, Giovanni, Follain, John Gay men Gay men--Sexual behavior Islamic fundamentalism Italy Italy--Perugia Italy--Sicily Kercher, Meredith Knox, Amanda Mafia Military campaigns Murder Murder--Investigation Muslim women Opus Dei (Society) Organized crime Organized crime--Economic aspects Police Police murders Provenzano, Bernardo, Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan Riina, Salvatore Social aspects Social history Sollecito, Raffaele Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan (1979-1989) Taliban Terrorism Terrorists Tornay, Cédric Trials (Murder) Vatican City Vatican City.--Guardia svizzera pontificia Venezuela Women Women college students Women college students--Crimes against Women in Islam Women--Social conditions World War (1939-1945) Young women Zoya Alternative Names

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Patent US20020081970 - Method and system for locating a device using a local wireless link - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA system and method for locating objects uses a wireless communication interface for performing searches for specified objects. Initially, a location request for a specified device is transmitted via a local wireless interface, such as a Bluetooth� radio interface, by a request origination device....http://www.google.com/patents/US20020081970?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20020081970 - Method and system for locating a device using a local wireless linkAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20020081970 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 09/746,971Publication dateJun 27, 2002Filing dateDec 21, 2000Priority dateDec 21, 2000Also published asUS6735444Publication number09746971, 746971, US 2002/0081970 A1, US 2002/081970 A1, US 20020081970 A1, US 20020081970A1, US 2002081970 A1, US 2002081970A1, US-A1-20020081970, US-A1-2002081970, US2002/0081970A1, US2002/081970A1, US20020081970 A1, US20020081970A1, US2002081970 A1, US2002081970A1InventorsGustav WingrenOriginal AssigneeGustav WingrenExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (9), Classifications (4), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and system for locating a device using a local wireless linkUS 20020081970 A1Abstract A system and method for locating objects uses a wireless communication interface for performing searches for specified objects. Initially, a location request for a specified device is transmitted via a local wireless interface, such as a Bluetooth� radio interface, by a request origination device. A separate device receives the location request, either directly or via one or more other devices that use the local wireless interface, and forwards the location request via the local wireless interface. When the separate device receives a response to the forwarded location request from the specified device, the separate device sends a message to the request origination device that includes information relating to a location of the specified device. Images(3) Claims(27)
What is claimed is: 1. A system for locating objects using wireless communications, comprising: a request origination device for transmitting a location request for a specified device, said location request transmitted via a first local wireless link; a request forwarding device for receiving the location request and forwarding the location request via a second local wireless link, wherein the request forwarding device receives a response to the forwarded location request from the specified device, said request forwarding device operating to send a message to the request origination device, said message including information relating to a location of the specified device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first local wireless link and the second local wireless link comprise a Bluetooth radio interface. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first local wireless link and the second local wireless link comprise infrared light communication links. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the request origination device generates position data for the specified device based on the information relating to the location of the specified device. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the position data identifies an area in the vicinity of the request forwarding device. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the position data identifies a location on a map. 7. The system of claim 4, further comprising at least one additional device for forwarding the location request and for receiving a response to the forwarded location request, said at least one additional device operating to send an additional message to the request origination device, the position data further based on information contained in the additional message. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the request forwarding device receives the location request via at least one intermediate forwarding device, said at least one intermediate forwarding device for receiving the location request and forwarding the location request via at least one local wireless link. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the location request identifies the specified device using at least one of profile data and a device identifier. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the information relating to the location of the specified device is based at least in part on a signal strength of the response from the specified device. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the information relating to a location of the specified device comprises an identification of the request forwarding device. 12. A method for locating objects using wireless communications, comprising the steps of: transmitting a search request for a specified device via a local wireless interface, said search request transmitted by a first device; receiving the search request at a second device; forwarding the search request via the local wireless interface; receiving a response to the forwarded search request from the specified device; generating information relating to a location of the specified device based on the received response; and sending said information to the first device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the search request identifies the specified device using at least one of a device identifier and a set of profile data. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the local wireless interface comprises a Bluetooth radio interface. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the local wireless interface comprises an infrared communication interface. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of generating position data based on the information relating to the location of the specified device. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the information relating to the location of the specified device comprises at least one of an identification of a device that receives the response and a location of the device that receives the response. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the position data identifies an area. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the position data identifies at least one device that the specified device is located near. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the position data identifies a direction of the specified device from the first device. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the position data identifies a location on a map. 22. The method of claim 12, wherein the information relating to the location of the specified device is based on a signal strength associated with the received response. 23. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of: receiving the forwarded search request at a third device; forwarding the received forwarded search request via the local wireless interface; receiving the response to the forwarded search request at the third device; and forwarding the received response to the second device. 24. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of: receiving the search request transmitted by the first device at a third device; forwarding the search request from the third device via the local wireless interface; receiving, from the specified device, a separate response to the forwarded search request from the third device; generating additional information relating to the location of the specified device based on the received separate response; and sending said additional information to the first device. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of generating position data using the information generated based on the received response and using the additional information generated based on the received separate response. 26. A method for searching for objects using a wireless communications interface, comprising the steps of: transmitting a search request for a specified device via a local wireless interface, said search request transmitted by a first device; receiving the search request at a second device; forwarding the search request to a new separate device via the local wireless interface; determining whether the separate device comprises the specified device; notifying the first device if the separate device comprises the specified device; notifying the first device that the search failed if the separate device does not comprise the specified device and if the search request has been forwarded at least a predetermined number of times; and otherwise, repeating the steps of forwarding the search request and determining whether the new separate device comprises the specified device until one of the specified device is located and the search request has been forwarded at least said predetermined number of times. 27. A method for locating objects using wireless communications, comprising the steps of: transmitting a search request for a specified device via a Bluetooth radio interface; receiving a response to the search request from the specified device, wherein said response is sent via the Bluetooth radio interface; and generating information relating to a location of the specified device based on the received response. Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] 1. Technical Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to wireless communications systems, and in particular to wireless communications among devices in a local area. [0003] 2. Description of Related Art [0004] When a person misplaces an object or device, he or she frequently has to spend a significant amount of time looking for the object or device. For example, a person might have to walk around the house looking for misplaced car keys, walk around the office looking for a lost cell phone, or wander around the airport looking for lost luggage. Not only can such a search be time consuming, trying to locate an item or remember where the item was left can also be quite frustrating and tiresome. As the number of portable devices that a person owns and must keep track of increases, the inconvenience of having to search for misplaced items is only likely to increase. [0005] There are currently systems that can be used to assist in locating misplaced devices. For example, some cordless telephones have a �page� feature that causes the cordless telephone to ring when it is paged by the cordless telephone base station. In addition, systems exist in which an approximate location of a device can be determined from signals received from that device at one or more of a network of antennas. Such systems, however, can be limited by the range of transmission, typically only exist for a very small number of types of devices, and frequently require special hardware for use in the search process. [0006] There is a need, therefore, for a system and method for conveniently and efficiently locating objects and devices. Preferably, such a locating procedure could be performed without requiring significant amounts of hardware that is specifically designed for the search procedure. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0007] The present invention comprises a method and system for locating objects using wireless communications. In particular, a requesting device utilizes other devices in the vicinity to forward a location request from one device to another until a specified device is located, if possible. The system includes a request origination device for transmitting a location request for the specified device. The location request is transmitted via a local wireless link. The system further includes a request forwarding device that receives the location request and forwards the location request via the local wireless link. If the request forwarding device receives a response to the forwarded location request from the specified device, then it sends a message to the request origination device that includes information relating to a location of the specified device. [0008] In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a search request for a specified device is transmitted via a local wireless interface by a first device. The search request is received at a second device and is forwarded via the local wireless interface. A response to the forwarded search request is received from the specified device, and information relating to a location of the specified device, which information is based on the received response, is sent to the first device. [0009] In accordance with another embodiment, a search request for a specified device is transmitted via a local wireless interface by a first device. The search request is received at a second device and is forwarded via the local wireless interface to a new separate device. It is then determined if the separate device comprises the specified device. If so, the first device is notified that the specified device has been located. If, however, the separate device does not comprise the specified device and if the search request has already been forwarded at least a predetermined number of times, the first device is notified that the search failed. Otherwise, the steps of forwarding the search request and determining if the separate device comprises the specified device are repeated until either the specified device is located or it is determined that the search request has already been forwarded at least said predetermined number of times.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0010] For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: [0011]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a hypothetical example of a Bluetooth� search procedure in accordance with the present invention; and [0012]FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the Bluetooth� search procedure in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0013] In the near future, Bluetooth� transceivers will be built into many different types of devices, such as phones, computers, refrigerators, vehicles, stereos, and many other types of objects and electronic devices. In accordance with the present invention, devices and objects that include a Bluetooth� transceiver can be used to help persons find their lost belongings. Although the preferred embodiment utilizes Bluetooth� wireless technology, the present invention is not limited to the use of Bluetooth� technology. Instead, other types of local wireless links, such as other types of radio links or infrared communications, can also be used. Pursuant to the present invention, in response to certain user input, a program on the user's computer or other electronic device can instruct a Bluetooth� device contained within the computer or other electronic device to attempt to contact other Bluetooth� devices in the same general vicinity in an effort to locate a particular device. Although the computer or other electronic device might succeed in contacting other Bluetooth�-equipped devices, such other devices might not include the particular device being sought. If not, the software in the computer or other electronic device can then instruct the other Bluetooth�-equipped devices to forward a search request to other devices, thereby continuing the search, until at least one of the devices in the chain locates the sought-after device. Each of the other devices that succeed in locating the device of interest then reports back to the computer or other electronic device that initiated the search, and the area where the device being sought is located can be substantially narrowed down. [0014] In cases where the search is being conducted in an area that has a number of immobile Bluetooth� devices, the physical location of the Bluetooth� device that successfully located the device being sought might be known. Accordingly, the area where the device is located could be presented on a map (e.g., that is displayed on a computer display screen) based on the known locations of the immobile Bluetooth� devices. In other cases, the results of the search might simply include a list of the device or devices that found the lost item. Accordingly, the user would know that the device being sought is near a specific device or devices whose locations might be known to the user. In another alternative, the user could be informed of a direction of the device relative to one or more other devices, whose locations might or might not be known by the computer or other electronic device that initiates the search. [0015] In situations where more than one Bluetooth� device found the lost item, the position of the lost item can be pinpointed more precisely. For example, the Bluetooth� devices might be known to have a range of approximately ten meters. Accordingly, when a Bluetooth� device locates the lost item, it would be known that the lost item is within a circle having a ten meter radius and that is centered at the Bluetooth� device that successfully located the lost item. As an additional alternative, a position of the device being sought can more accurately be determined using a reported signal strength measurement from which a distance between the lost device and the locating device can be estimated. Furthermore, if more than one device successfully locates the device being sought, the computer or other electronic device could calculate an even more exact location of the misplaced device using the reported signal strength measurements. [0016] Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a schematic diagram illustrating a hypothetical example of a Bluetooth� search procedure in accordance with the present invention. In this example, it is assumed that a user has lost his Walkman� 2. As the result, the user initiates a Bluetooth� search program on a computer 4. For purposes of illustrating the invention, the computer 4 is shown as including a Bluetooth� search module 6 for storing the search program. Preferably, however, the program code for performing the Bluetooth� search is stored on a computer hard disk. Pursuant to the Bluetooth� search program, the computer 4 transmits a message (as indicated at 10) via a Bluetooth� radio interface using a built-in Bluetooth� transceiver 8. The message 10 includes an indication that a search is being performed for a specific device that is associated with a particular Bluetooth� identity number, for example, and an instruction to other Bluetooth� devices that receive the message 10 to forward the message 10 to still other Bluetooth� devices, if possible. In addition, the message includes a counter, which is set to an initial value (e.g., zero), for identifying the number of devices that have forwarded the request and a parameter indicating the path via which the request has been forwarded. As will be appreciated, this latter parameter, in the initial message, will simply identify the request originating device. [0017] In this example, it is assumed that the initial message 10 is received by a refrigerator 12, a dishwasher 16, and a laptop computer 20 using their respective built-in Bluetooth� transceivers 14, 18, and 22. Each of the refrigerator 12 and the dishwasher 16 modifies the message 10 by incrementing the counter and revising the path parameter to indicate that the request has been forwarded via the refrigerator 12 and the dishwasher 16, respectively. Each of the refrigerator 12 and the dishwasher 16 then forwards the modified message (as indicated at 24) via the Bluetooth� radio interface in an attempt to find additional devices that did not receive the initial message 10 from the computer 4. In this example, neither the refrigerator 12 nor the dishwasher 16 are able to locate any new devices. The message 10 is also modified by the laptop computer 20 to increment the counter and revise the path parameter. The modified message 10′ is then forwarded (as indicated at 10′) and is received by a Bluetooth� transceiver 28 that is built into a television 26. Again, the message 10′ fails to locate the Walkman� 2. Instead, the television 26 further modifies the message to increment the counter and to update the path parameter (to indicate that the request has traveled from the computer 4, via the laptop 20, and to the television 26) and forwards the message (as indicated at 10″) via the Bluetooth� radio interface. This time the forwarded message 10″ is received by the respective Bluetooth� transceivers 30 and 34 of a stereo 32 and the Walkman� 2. [0018] The stereo 32 again modifies and forwards the message (as indicated at 10″′) via the Bluetooth� radio interface. The modification again includes incrementing the counter and updating the path parameter (this time to indicate that the request has traveled from the computer 4, via the laptop 20 and television 26, and to the stereo 32). Because the Walkman� 2 is also located near the stereo 32, the message 10″′ from the stereo 32 is also received by the Walkman� 2. Based on the respective messages 10″ and 10″′ from the television 26 and the stereo 32, the Walkman� 2 is able to determine that it matches the description of the device being sought based on profile information and/or on a Bluetooth� identity number included within the messages 10″ and 10″′. Accordingly, the Walkman� 2 sends response messages 36 and 36′ to each of the television 26 and the stereo 32. These response messages 36 and 36′ are processed by the stereo 32 and the television 26 to generate location messages 35 and 37, respectively, which each identify the entire path taken by the successful request. These location messages 35 and 37 are then forwarded, without modification, back up the chain of devices 20 and 26 to the computer 4. [0019] By identifying the television 26 and the stereo 32 that successfully located the Walkman� 2, the location of the Walkman� 2 can be determined. In a basic implementation, the user might be informed that the Walkman� is located near the television 26 and/or the stereo 32 or is located near known positions of the television 26 and/or stereo 32. It will be appreciated, however, that other information can be included in the location messages 35 and 37 that allow the computer 4 to generate location data. In addition, the location messages 35 and 37 can further identify all of the devices in the chain. [0020] In this example, because the Walkman� 2 was located by both the television 26 and the stereo 32, the software contained in the search module 6 of the computer 4 can more precisely determine a location of the Walkman� 2. Accordingly, the computer 4 can more accurately direct the user to an area where the Walkman� 2 is located. For example, if the transmission range of the Bluetooth� transceiver 30 in the Walkman� 2 is known to be approximately ten meters, then it can be determined that the Walkman� 2 is within ten meters of the stereo 32 and the television 26. Moreover, if the stereo 32 and the television 26 are separated by some distance, the overlap of an area within a ten meter radius of the stereo 32 and an area within a ten meter radius of the television 26 can be determined, and thus the location of the Walkman� 2 can be narrowed down. To obtain even more accurate positional information, a strength of the signal received from the Walkman� 2 at each of the television 26 and the stereo 32 can be used to further narrow down the location of the Walkman� 2. [0021] It will be recognized that the accuracy of the determined location can be limited by the number of Bluetooth� devices that are able to locate the misplaced device, by whether the positions of the locating devices are known, and/or by the processing capabilities of the software that controls the various Bluetooth� devices. Thus, in some cases this procedure may result in a triangulation of a substantially precise location of the misplaced device, while in other situations and/or embodiments the search procedure may result only in the ability to identify a direction in which the misplaced device is located. [0022] As will be appreciated, the search area for the Bluetooth� search is defined by the number of, and the distance to, other Bluetooth� devices in the area. Moreover, in addition to using the invention as a tool for searching for misplaced Bluetooth�-equipped devices, the invention can also be used to constantly monitor moving devices that include Bluetooth� transceivers, such as shopping carts or airport vehicles. [0023] Referring now to FIG. 2, there is illustrated a flow diagram of the Bluetooth� search procedure in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In accordance with this embodiment, the number of Bluetooth� devices in a search chain is limited either by the inability of the devices in the chain to locate any new Bluetooth� devices or by the number of devices in the chain reaching or exceeding a predetermined maximum number of devices that are allowed to be in the chain. At step 40, a search for a particular Bluetooth� device is initiated, and a search counter (e.g., as contained in the message 10 of FIG. 1) is set equal to zero at step 42. Next, at step 44, the electronic device from which the search is initiated transmits a request to search for the specified device via a Bluetooth� radio interface. [0024] It is then determined if the transmitted request is received by a new Bluetooth� device at step 46. If not, then at step 48, a message communicating that the search has failed is sent back to the software module 6 that initiated the search. If, on the other hand, it is determined at step 46 that a new device can be contacted, the new device receives the search request at step 50. Based on profile information and/or a Bluetooth� identity number contained within the request, it is then determined at step 52 if the new device is the device being sought. If so, a search result message is sent back up the chain to the original requesting device at step 54. The search result message serves to inform the requesting device that the device being sought has been located and to provide information from which the requesting device generates position data. [0025] If, however, the new device is not the Bluetooth� device being sought, the search counter is incremented at step 56, and at step 58, it is determined whether the search counter exceeds a predefined maximum threshold. If the search counter does exceed the threshold, a message indicating that the search failed is sent back up the chain to the original requesting device at step 48. If the search counter does not exceed the predefined threshold, then the search continues and the current device (i.e., the new device from the most recent iteration of steps 46, 50, and 52) forwards the search request via the Bluetooth� radio interface at step 60 and the process returns to step 46. Accordingly, the search message is forwarded along one or more chains until either a maximum number of devices are included in the chain or the device being sought is located. [0026] In accordance with the invention, the search area and the location of the sought-after device can be determined by the requesting device based on known locations of the Bluetooth� devices in the chain. Alternatively, the search area can be expanded, contracted, or otherwise altered by the current location and/or movement of mobile devices that include a Bluetooth� transceiver. Furthermore, the search can also be expanded by including Bluetooth� devices in the chain that are unknown to the device from which the search originates. As a result, a location of the device being sought can be presented to the user in the form of a position relative to devices whose positions are known or in the form of a position relative to, or in the vicinity of a Bluetooth� device whose position is unknown. [0027] Although a preferred embodiment of the method and apparatus of the present invention has been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiment disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth and defined by the following claims. Furthermore, it shall be understood that the terms �comprises� and �comprising,� when used in the foregoing Detailed Description and the following claims, specifies the presence of stated features, elements, steps, or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, components, or groups thereof. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7377835Aug 7, 2007May 27, 2008Sti Licensing Corp.Personal multimedia communication system and network for emergency services personnelUS7398097Jan 31, 2006Jul 8, 2008Scott Technologies, Inc.Dual-mesh network and communication system for emergency services personnelUS7416123Dec 16, 2005Aug 26, 2008Jan R. SapersteinSystem and apparatus for locating lost itemsUS7652571Jul 10, 2006Jan 26, 2010Scott Technologies, Inc.Graphical user interface for emergency apparatus and method for operating sameUS7869762Dec 27, 2004Jan 11, 2011Research In Motion LimitedPing feature for electronic devicesUS8013739Dec 4, 2009Sep 6, 2011Scott Technologies, Inc.Graphical user interface for emergency apparatus and method for operating sameUS8185051Dec 20, 2010May 22, 2012Research In Motion LimitedPing feature for electronic devicesEP1675314A1 *Dec 23, 2004Jun 28, 2006Research In Motion LimitedPing Feature for Electronic DevicesWO2006083931A1 *Jan 31, 2006Aug 10, 2006Scott Tech IncDual-mesh network and communication system for emergency services personnel* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification455/41.3International ClassificationH04L12/56Cooperative ClassificationH04W64/00European ClassificationH04W64/00Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 14, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Nov 19, 2007REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedNov 13, 2007FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Mar 19, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL), SWEDENFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WINGREN, GUSTAV;REEL/FRAME:011612/0532Effective date: 20010109Owner name: TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)S-126 25 STOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WINGREN, GUSTAV /AR;REEL/FRAME:011612/0532RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


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Cafe Cuisine - Kahve Cafe and Catering | Groupon
Cozy community cafe that crafts pastries, breads, and other from-scratch delicacies daily
Kahve Cafe and Catering
$7 for $15 worth of cafe food
$17.50 for a punchcard good for five sandwiches, paninis, or salads (a $35 average value)
$25 for $50 towards catering<p>
The cafe menu includes variety of fresh-made cafe food, such as from-scratch pastries, sandwiches such as a turkey club with avocado and havarti ($7.55), and salads such as apple and walnut salad ($7.95). The chefs also layer hot paninis with brie and apple ($6.95) or tuna salad ($6.95). The catering menu includes scaled-up versions of cafe favorites, including tray-sized offerings of scones ($12–$24), quiche lorraine ($35), and spinach salad ($30–$55).
Even though the head chef of Kahve Cafe and Catering revealed his bagel recipe in a profile for [Chesapeake Taste](http://gr.pn/10vq7x3, he still managed to keep a few secrets of the scratch-made trade to himself. And that’s because just about everything on the menu is crafted from scratch daily, from the club sandwiches served on house-baked french bread to the fresh-baked muffins and scones that please morning risers mouths and olfactory systems on the often. In keeping with the owner's ties to the community, the cafe’s tea and coffee drinks are also sourced from a local roaster. And while much of the menu offers comfort, so does the cafe itself. Couches, easy chairs, and tables line the space, making visits even cozier during regularly scheduled live music and open-mic performances. Also, once a month, young ones can get in on the fun as Bridgette and the Band plays tunes designed to please their little ears and distract them from the sounds of nearby ice cream trucks. Customer Reviews
LOVE You guys! Yummy veg. options and desserts!
155 Mitchells Chance Rd.
+14438376977

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


text:
RAB Noakes: Music | eBay
RAB NOAKES – THE RIVER SESSIONS CD
RAB NOAKES – THE RIVER SESSIONS CD. Condition is N/M Dispatched within 24 hours Free postage within the UK
User ID keith5037 (Feedback score 826)
RAB NOAKES – THE RIVER SESSIONS (NEW/SEALED) CD
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Rab Noakes - I'm Walkin' Here [CD]
I'm Walkin' Here. Moonlight And Gold (version Two). The Two Sisters. One Dog Barks. That's The Way The Whole Thing Ends. The Guernsey Kitchen Porter. Your Clear White Light. Goodbye Booze.
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Format: CD. Classic Artists. Do Right Woman.
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Format: CD. Branch (single version). Release Date: 03/02/2014. Classic Artists. Diamond Ring. The Sketcher And The Last Train. Label: Neon Records.
Rab Noakes - Standing Up Again (2012) E0168 NEW
Rab Noakes - Welcome To Anniversaryville (NEW CD)
Rab Noakes - Demos and Rarities, Vol. 2 (Adventures With Gerry RafferD0342NEW
What are you doing here?. When Youre Not Here - Rab Noakes - Rab Noakes. Open the Door - Rab Noakes - Rab Noakes. Light In My Heart - Rab Noakes - Rab Noakes.
Rab Noakes : Standing Up Again CD (2012) ***NEW***
Rab Noakes : Standing Up Again CD (2012) NEW Title: Standing Up Again Artist: Rab Noakes Genre: Folk|Scottish Folk Duration: 55 mins Format: CD / Album Type: CD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label:...


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Words containing hamperok | Words that contain hamperok
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-hamperok
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,617,546,166 visitors served
Found 1 words containing hamperok. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain hamperok. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that start with hamperok
11 letter words containing hamperokSee also
11 letter words containing hamperok

value: This website is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources.


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Opinii privind hotelul pentru Natai Beach Resort & Spa Phang Nga Phuket Thailanda - Pagina 1
anterior : Maikhao Dream Resort & Spa Natai
Ne pare rău dar nu sunt camere libere la Natai Beach Resort & Spa Phang Nga pentru datele alese de dvs.
We had an awesome stay and everything is perfect and good value for money! Raportaţi această recenzie Gurvinder A.
Fantastic highly recommended Raportaţi această recenzie U W.
Because we booked from agoda, the price is nice for stay, the staffs of the hotel are very friendly, there have many class for free to join in the hotel, my friend and me joined the bicycle heritage tour, the guide is very great who need us rode around and gave us so much great experience. However the location of the hotel is so far away from phuket, we spent a lot of taxi fee from karon beach to there, it was expensive than the room rate, Raportaţi această recenzie David F.
Natai Beach Resort & Spa 2 noapți (02 ian. – 04 ian.)

value: This website is a Singaporean online travel agency and metasearch engine for hotels, vacation rentals, flights, and airport transfer. It is owned by Agoda Company Pte.


text:
Jc Option
P. 1Jc OptionJc OptionRatings: (0)|Views: 37|Likes: 0Published by Jags NagarJc tec coption technologyJc tec coption technologyMore info:Categories:Books - Non-fictionPublished by: Jags Nagar on Jul 20, 2013Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttp://www.scribd.com/doc/154903707/Jc-Option07/20/2013pdftextoriginal You're Reading a Free Preview
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Eton mess - Picture of La Rue, Shipley - TripAdvisor
Eton mess - Picture of La Rue, Shipley
Europe United Kingdom (UK) England Yorkshire West Yorkshire Bradford Shipley Shipley Restaurants La Rue Pictures
Photo: “Eton mess” From Review:
#18 of 64 Restaurants in Shipley Website +44 1274 595894
61 Bingley Road, Shipley, Bradford BD18 4SD, England $$ - $$$
Dining options: Dinner, Lunch, Late Night, Full Bar, Highchairs Available, Reservations, Seating, Serves Alcohol, Waitstaff
“Totally amazing meal”	07/21/2017
“Terrible Service, Average Food”	07/08/2017
31 helpful votes “Frustration!”
Ah, my tempestuous feelings towards La Rue never seem to be destined to find solace. I’d been in something of a quandary re. whether to bother posting yet ANOTHER review, but in light of recent positivity, felt it only appropriate to balance out, given the disappointment endured following my most recent visit.
I would like to point out that I...
Thank purplerose028 Kathy W, Owner at La Rue, responded to this review
Dear purplerose028, thank you for your feedback and I have to say I echo your frustrations. As you are aware in the past it has been the service that has been the issue, we have over the past months, concentrated on trying to improve this and whilst this is a continuos process we are seeing results. As you say, the...
More Been to La Rue? Share your experience!
Add Photo See all 309 reviews of La Rue Know better. Book better. Go better. © 2017 TripAdvisor LLC All rights reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Site Map* TripAdvisor LLC is not a booking agent and does not charge any service fees to users of our site... (more) TripAdvisor LLC is not responsible for content on external web sites. Taxes, fees not included for deals content. EXPLOREAbout UsHelp CenterCURRENCY/COUNTRY$USDUnited States

value: This website is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


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Guilin Food Tours - 2019 All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (with Photos) - TripAdvisor
Restaurants near Guilin Food Tours
Things to do near Guilin Food Tours
Guilin Food Tours: Hours, Address, Guilin Food Tours Reviews: 5/5
#2 of 7 Food & Drink in Guilin
Tours, Food & Drink, Food Tours, Sightseeing Tours, Private Tours, Walking Tours, Cultural Tours More
Looking for something else like this to do in Guilin?
Private Sightseeing Tours (39)
“perfect introduction”(2 reviews)
“sherry”(19 reviews)
Guilin Food Tours offers small group, personalized food tours stopping at delicious vendors, restaurants and shops throughout Guilin. Eat your way off-the-beaten track and experience some of Guilin’s famous and unique local cuisine.
All reviews perfect introduction local cuisine sherry information english
Best Food Tour with emphasis on *Food*
On our trip, we did food tours in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Guilin. This one had the most focus on the food. Just three hours filled with the joy of eating, what more could you want? It is certainly a must do, when in Guilin!
scottcsac
The perfect introduction to the region...
This food tour was everything I hoped it would be. Sherry, the guide, knows the city and the cuisine well. The menu was well thought out and featured a nice balance of well-known and exotic dishes. Sherry was well prepared with information about the dishes,...More
Thank scottcsac
Wonderful evening with excellent food
Sherry, our host, is a very kind and open person who could tell us a lot about the food she was offering and about its background. She selection of shops and restaurants was perfect, the amount of food more than enough and super delicious. She...More
Thank OerbelHengst
Sherry was the perfect host. She expertly guided us to all of the top but most unlikely hidden eateries in Guilin. Food was delicious and evening very memorable. We all loved it.
Thank sstuzza
719raymonds
Great way to explore Guilin is with our stomachs. Sherry showed us all the local places and ordered us amazing bites of food. By the time we finished all our food, it became more of a pleasurable feast. We tried things we have never heard...More
Thank 719raymonds
Perfect introduction to Guilin's Food
Sherry's wine tour was wonderful. Advertised as 3 hours from 6pm to 9pm and visiting 6 restaurants and food shops, we visited at least 8 and spent a very pleasant 4 hours with Sherry. There were 4 of us and Sherry's English was excellent. She...More
1 Thank PhilippaS127
Awesome food tour in Guilin
Sherry was a great guide! She showed us many places we would never have found on our own and we got to try lots of local delicious dishes. She was very knowledgeable about the origins of the food we ate and also had some other...More
A must when visiting Guilin
Arrived in Guilin yesterday and were lucky enough to do be able to do the food tour with Sherry. She responded to our email request within an hour and was more than happy to do the trip with just the two of us. The tour...More
Fabulous food tour of Guilin
Had a lovely first night in Guilin with Sherri on a food tour of all the local delights. I always try to do a tour when I travel to get a feel for the place and what's good to eat and where to go. Sherri...More
MelissaS183
A Must do when in Guilin!
The best way to get to know a new city is by way of food tours! Guilin Food Tours is top notch and one of the best we have been on in our travels. Our tour guide, Sherry, was excellent, knowledgeable, friendly and is a...More
Thank MelissaS183
See all 704 nearby hotelsSee all 328 nearby restaurantsSee all 221 nearby attractions
Get quick answers from Guilin Food Tours staff and past visitors.
Coffee & Tea Tours, Cultural Tours
Sightseeing Tours, City Tours, Cultural Tours, Private Tours, Photography Tours


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(Redirected from F. Anstey)
"F. Anstey" redirects here. For the Australian politician, see Frank Anstey.
Caricature of Thomas Anstey Guthrie by Harry Furniss
He was born in Kensington, London, to Augusta Amherst Austen, an organist and composer, and Thomas Anstey Guthrie. He was educated at King's College School and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and was called to the bar in 1880.[1] But the popular success of his story Vice Versa (1882) with its topsy turvy substitution of a father for his schoolboy son, at once made his reputation as a humorist of an original type. He published in 1883 a serious novel, The Giant's Robe; but he discovered (and again in 1889 with The Pariah) that it was not as a serious novelist but as a humorist that the public insisted on regarding him. As such, his reputation was further confirmed by The Black Poodle (1884), The Tinted Venus (1885), A Fallen Idol (1886), and other works. Baboo Jabberjee B.A. (1897), and A Bayard from Bengal (1902) are humorous yet truthful studies of the East Indian with a veneer of English civilization.[2]
Guthrie became an important member of the staff of Punch magazine, in which his voces populi and his humorous parodies of a reciter's stock-piece (Burglar Bill, &c.) represent his best work. In 1901, his successful farce The Man from Blankleys, based on a story that originally appeared in Punch, was first produced at the Prince of Wales Theatre, in London. He wrote Only Toys (1903) and Salted Almonds (1906).[2]
The Tinted Venus (1885)
A Fallen Idol (1886)
Burglar Bill And Other Pieces (1888)
The Pariah (1889)
Voces Populi (1890)
Mr. Punch's Model Music-Hall Songs And Dramas (1892)
The Talking Horse And Other Tales (1892)

value: This website is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. It was founded on 15 January 2001 as Wikipedia's first edition and, as of October 2021, has the most articles of any edition, at 6,412,521.


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Jan Ormerod; Andrew Joyner
1845073908
ISBN10: 1845073908
Product - Lizzie Nonsense : A Story of Pioneer Days
Lizzie Nonsense : A Story of Pioneer Days
Hardcover, Clarion Books, 2005, ISBN# 061857493X
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1760128988
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1760500399
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1760500380
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Amazon.co.uk: Customer Reviews: Milligan's Meaning of Life: An Autobiography of Sorts
4.0 out of 5 stars A beautiful tribute
A tribute and biography of Spike Milligan partly in his own words and a title that I absolutely loved from the first page to the last especially since I remember listening to my radio and enjoying the Goon Shows on repeat on a Sunday Night before bed.What this title does is bring not only the witty Spike to the fore but allows the reader to delve deeper into...
Read the full review › Published on 16 Oct 2011 by Gareth Wilson - Falcata Times Blog
This is not to my taste at all but you either love Spike Milligan or don't. The recipient of this gift is ia big Goon Show fan and finds it very funny but it leaves me cold.
5.0 out of 5 stars if you enjoy a good laugh - then read on, but be prepared for a few tears as well!, 24 Nov 2014
By Frankie! - See all my reviews
Many moons ago I read "puccoon." It was one of the funniest books I'd ever read, so when I saw Spike's name on the reading list I had to read it.I was not disappointed.
3.0 out of 5 stars Its ok but is basically bits and pieces from all ..., 20 Sep 2014
By Mr J E Elton - See all my reviews
Its ok but is basically bits and pieces from all the war memoirs if you have read those don't bother with this.
5.0 out of 5 stars great man, true genius, 2 Sep 2014
By Donovan Harrison - See all my reviews
Has me in stitches ... only a quarter of the way through and loving every word ... great man, true genius.
Witty and irreverent..
5.0 out of 5 stars Amusing, 3 Aug 2014
This review is from: Milligan's Meaning of Life: An Autobiography of Sorts (Hardcover)
2.0 out of 5 stars A misleading title, 7 Dec 2012
By Casca (Australia) - See all my reviews
This review is from: Milligan's Meaning of Life: An Autobiography of Sorts (Paperback)
I thought this book might have new material, but it is simply extracts from some of his works, including novels, letters, poems and Goonshow scripts. Spike Milligan was a very funny man, the leading comic of his time and a huge influence on a generation of subsequent comics. However, his writings don't stand up very well on a second or third reading. He repeats the same themes, especially the war, and the same wordplay. This book is not 'Milligans' meaning of life' by any stretch of the imagination. Any fan of Spike will have already read much, if not all, of the material presented here.
1.0 out of 5 stars Milligan's Meaning of Life: An Autobiography of Sorts, 2 Oct 2012
By whavard - See all my reviews
A poor book making money off the Milligan name, and repeating some known stories and poems.Very poor reflection on Spike Milligan's exceptional work.
5.0 out of 5 stars very fast service, 22 Dec 2011
By Eborbibliophile (UK) - See all my reviews
As it's a present for someone else, I can't say anything about the content, but the book was received quickly and in good condition. Can't say more.
Milligan's Meaning of Life: An Autobiography of Sorts by Spike Milligan (Paperback - 7 Jun 2012)


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Home to Chicory Lane (Chicory Inn): Deborah Raney: 9781426769696: Amazon.com: Books
Home to Chicory Lane (A Chicory Inn Novel Book 1) and millions of other books are available for Amazon Kindle. Learn more
Home to Chicory Lane (Chicory Inn) Paperback – August 19, 2014
Book 1 of 5 in the Chicory Inn Series
— $57.70
$9.84 $1.25
$18.55 $26.67
from $57.70 5 Used from $57.70
$13.82 31 Used from $1.25 26 New from $9.84
$23.33 3 Used from $26.67 9 New from $18.55
This item:Home to Chicory Lane (Chicory Inn) by Deborah Raney Paperback $13.82
Two Roads Home: A Chicory Inn Novel - Book 2 by Deborah Raney Paperback $6.49
Ships from and sold by bluesprings.
Another Way Home: A Chicory Inn Novel - Book 3 by Deborah Raney Paperback $10.44
Two Roads Home: A Chicory Inn Novel - Book 2
Home At Last: A Chicory Inn Novel ― Book 5
Series: Chicory Inn (Book 1)
Publisher: Abingdon Press (August 19, 2014)
ISBN-10: 1426769695
ISBN-13: 978-1426769696
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,231,373 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
#18624 in Books > Christian Books & Bibles > Literature & Fiction > Romance
#35732 in Books > Literature & Fiction > Genre Fiction > Religious & Inspirational
Start reading Home to Chicory Lane (A Chicory Inn Novel Book 1) on your Kindle in under a minute.
5.0 out of 5 starsGood Light Read/Good Thoughtful Read
Home to Chicory Lane by Deborah Raney -- This was an enjoyable read and I loved the characters which were true to life in my opinion. Some of the reviewers stated that some of the characters were complainers (my term) but how many of us has faced trying situations and not complained at one time or another? I cannot help but wonder at all of the complaining that God must listen to daily and yet He loves us enough to listen and not judge us for it. This young couple needed to get on the same page in their marriage in order to face the trials that face so many of us & to have a successful marriage. Neither of them may have handled their problems the way an old, wise married couple would have but then they were not yet old and had much to learn. The most important lesson they learned was the depth of their love for each other and their need for God in their marriage. Without this time of learning, their marriage would not have lasted very long. It took some work and adjustment, but they are finally headed toward a successful marriage by the end of this book. Oh, and they will face many more problems as life progresses which could tear their marriage apart. But, they have the fundamentals down which is a major undertaking in any marriage. While a surface reading of this book is lighthearted, you will find a more complex story if you think it through. A great story in my opinion!
I hate the little boxes that you have to check to do a generic description of a book! For instance, some might call this book "predictable." I say it has some twists but could still be called predictable, I guess. Some might describe the mood as hopeful, nostalgic, light-hearted, & thoughful. And, those are the words that I would use but checked "light-hearted" as it is not a "dark" book. However, if one would stop and consider the different parts of the lives of the characters, one would definitely call this book "thoughtful." The hope is that others might read a book such as this and apply the situations & outcomes to their own lives. I hope to see more books by this author & hope that Audible books will bring us some of these books.
This is book one in a series of 4 books written by Deborah Raney. A story of the Whitman's is a wonderful book about a family of a Mother, Father, 5 children. Corrine,Danae, Landyn, Tim( killed in Afghanistan) and Link, Bree, Tim's wife, grandchildren, dog, Huckleberry. They all live close to their parents Grant and Audrey Whitman. Audrey decides she is going to turn their house into a bed and breakfast. It creates quite a stir with the Whitman adult children, spouses and their children. As the story unfolds it has its good times and not so good times. As you read the book you might be able to relate to some of the same family problems. Landyn and Chase have many problems in their marriage, lots of ups and downs with them. The two of them keep you wanting to read and not put Book one down. I highly recommend these books because they are clean and just totally keep your interest.
Love the family. The relationships, dramas, joys. Love the bed & breakfast & the description of the town & area.
Two generations struggle with how much togetherness is enough. The husband in the younger couple did not have a good example to follow, so his decision making style wrankles his young wife. The parents are dealing with a huge decision to follow a dream, and how it has turned everyone's lives upside down. I love how real this story is, and how Ms. Raney makes you care about each person in the story. Can't wait to read more small town adventures!
3.0 out of 5 starsDecent story, annoying characters
I am used to reading books with likable characters who make decisions that are thought out and sensible. And when things don't work out, they have a Plan B that pulls everything together. I know, I know- not how life often goes. The people in this book don't fall into this category. They make impulsive decisions that result in a lot of uncertainty, and then go on to make more decisions that result in further complications. And then they question God when things don't work out. Two of the main characters come across as bratty and immature, scary because they are married and expecting a child. Two other characters sink their retirement and savings into turning their house into a bed and breakfast only to do a lot of grumbling and complaining once the business is up and running. I hung in with this book because I wanted to see how things turned out for these irritating people. I think the people who gave this book low ratings did so because in some parts it really does reflect real life, where things are not so sensible and tidy and people often come across as plain silly. It was a decent read for a dollar 99 but I will not be buying the sequel which is $10.
4.0 out of 5 starsIt doesn't take long to feel included in this family's ...
It doesn't take long to feel included in this family's real life atmosphere. The setting, the dream of a loving couple and all of the madness that follows kept drawing me in until I didn't want to leave. On to Book 2!
5.0 out of 5 starsFamily values at its' best!
A wonderful story about the challenges family deal with each other. Grandparents, parents, sisters and kids. How we all help one another in need while dealing with our ambitions and dreams.
Characters are loveable and weather personal mistakes and life's storms with humility as well as faith and courage.
jenny l lindsay
5.0 out of 5 starsWonderful Family Drama!
I enjoyed meeting the Whitman family! These characters are so endearing. I loved the small town setting. I so appreciate the spiritual truths woven in the story.Read more
such a great book and author cant wait to read the entire series
Great book! could not put it down can't wait to read the next book.
Larry L. Zeen
Love the story of the family loving each other so much
4.0 out of 5 starsGood read - I'm loving the Whitman's already
What a good start to this series about the Whitman family. I really enjoyed that the family were real people with real faults and problems, and yet, the love that a family should...Read more
4.0 out of 5 starsEmpty Nest No More
All of your children are grown and have flown the nest. What do you do with those extra rooms? Well, you start a bed and breakfast of course.Read more
5.0 out of 5 starsDeborah Raney... Author worth reading
Loved the book Home to Chicory Lane. Looking forward to reading the series. Quick reading with lots of twists and even a hold your breath chapter.Read more
This item: Home to Chicory Lane (Chicory Inn)
Beneath a Southern Sky (The Camfield Legacy) (Volume 1)


text:
Words that end in eorgians | Words ending in eorgians
Words that end in eorgians | Words ending in eorgians http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-end-in-eorgiansPrinter Friendly
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Words that end in eorgians
Found 1 words that end in eorgians. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that end with eorgians. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing eorgians
9-letter words that end in eorgiansSee also9-letter words that end in eorgiansgeorgiansSee also:3-letter wordsWords that start with gWords that end in cWords that start with rWords with the letter jWords that start with pWords that end in orgians