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Patent US20080313639 - Policy based scheduling of software applications - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method and apparatus for using policies to limit resource usage by software applications is disclosed herein. The policies define rules that specify a maximum amount of a resource that a particular application is allowed to use given the current state of the computer system, in one embodiment. The...http://www.google.com/patents/US20080313639?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20080313639 - Policy based scheduling of software applicationsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20080313639 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/762,708Publication dateDec 18, 2008Filing dateJun 13, 2007Priority dateJun 13, 2007Publication number11762708, 762708, US 2008/0313639 A1, US 2008/313639 A1, US 20080313639 A1, US 20080313639A1, US 2008313639 A1, US 2008313639A1, US-A1-20080313639, US-A1-2008313639, US2008/0313639A1, US2008/313639A1, US20080313639 A1, US20080313639A1, US2008313639 A1, US2008313639A1InventorsKrishna Kumar, Murali Krishna, Thiruvalluvan M.G.Original AssigneeKrishna Kumar, Murali Krishna, M G ThiruvalluvanExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (8), Classifications (8), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPolicy based scheduling of software applicationsUS 20080313639 A1Abstract A method and apparatus for using policies to limit resource usage by software applications is disclosed herein. The policies define rules that specify a maximum amount of a resource that a particular application is allowed to use given the current state of the computer system, in one embodiment. The state can be defined based on conditions such as user activity, resource usage, time of day, etc. A scheduler monitors the computer system and the application and enforces the policies to control the resource usage of each application. If the scheduler determines that an application has been using more of a particular resource than is allowed then the scheduler takes some action to reduce resource usage until actual resource usage is at or below allowed resource usage. Each application has its own set of policies associated that allow the application to define rules to limit resource usage, in one embodiment.
1. A method of scheduling in a computer system, comprising:
monitoring one or more conditions of the computer system; based on the one or more conditions and a policy associated with an application, determining a maximum allowed usage of a particular resource by the application; determining whether actual usage of the particular resource by the application is greater than the maximum allowed usage; and in response to determining that the actual resource usage is greater than the maximum allowed usage, performing one or more actions to reduce the actual resource usage until the actual resource usage is at or below the maximum allowed usage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing one or more actions includes changing a scheduling priority of an activity of the application.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing one or more actions includes controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
the actual usage of the particular resource by the application includes usage of the particular resource by a process external to the application that the application invokes; and performing one or more actions includes controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the process external to the application. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein performing one or more actions includes controlling usage of another resource by the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is divided into one or more activities that each have a specified urgency, and determining the maximum allowed usage is based on the urgency of each of the activities that is currently running.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the application altering an urgency of one or more of its activities.
based on user input, establishing the maximum allowed usage for the particular resource by the application for a state of the computer system. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on user input, determining a value for a condition of the computer system that defines a state of the computer system, wherein the maximum allowed usage is based on the state. 10. A computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which when executed on a processor cause the processor to execute the steps of:
monitoring one or more conditions of the computer system; based on the one or more conditions and a policy associated with an application, determining a maximum allowed usage of a particular resource by the application; determining whether actual usage of the particular resource by the application is greater than the maximum allowed usage; and in response to determining that the actual resource usage is greater than the maximum allowed usage, performing one or more actions to reduce the actual resource usage until the actual resource usage is at or below the maximum allowed usage. 11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions includes instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of changing a scheduling priority of an activity of the application.
12. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions includes instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
the actual usage of the particular resource by the application includes usage of the particular resource by a process external to the application that the application invokes; and the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions include instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the process external to the application. 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions include instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of controlling usage of another resource by the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the application is divided into one or more activities that each have a specified urgency, and wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of determining the maximum allowed usage include instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of determining the maximum allowed usage based on the urgency of each of the activities that is currently running.
16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of the application altering an urgency of one or more of its activities.
17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, further comprising instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of:
based on user input, establishing the maximum allowed usage for the particular resource by the application for a state of the computer system. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, further comprising instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of:
based on user input, determining a value for a condition of the computer system that defines a state of the computer system, wherein the maximum allowed usage is based on the state. 19. A system comprising:
a processor; and a computer readable storage medium coupled to the processor, the computer readable medium comprising instructions which when executed on a processor cause the processor to execute the steps of: monitoring one or more conditions of the computer system; based on the one or more conditions and a policy associated with an application, determining a maximum allowed usage of a particular resource by the application; determining whether actual usage of the particular resource by the application is greater than the maximum allowed usage; and in response to determining that the actual resource usage is greater than the maximum allowed usage, performing one or more actions to reduce the actual resource usage until the actual resource usage is at or below the maximum allowed usage. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions includes instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to scheduling processes in a computer system. In particular, embodiments of the present invention relate to using policies to limit resource usage.
BACKGROUND Scheduling software to run in a computer system involves determining when to allow each process or thread to have access to the processor or other resource. One scheduling scheme is to divide processor usage into relatively small time increments that are sometimes referred to as �time slices� with respect to CPU usage or �quotas� with respect to storage space. For example, each process (or thread) is allotted one or more time slices in which to execute. Numerous schemes have been developed to determine how often a process should be granted a time slice in which to execute. For example, some techniques allocate the processor on a substantially equal basis such that each process gets about the same amount of processor time. Another technique is to allocate more processor time to processes that have a higher priority. Still other techniques are to boost the priority or increase the time slice based on a variety of factors.
While such techniques are quite effective for many circumstances, these techniques may cause problems in some situations. For example, running a background application such as a desktop search engine indexer, disk defragmenter, or virus detection program may interfere with other applications such as word processors or e-mail programs. As a particular example, if a virus detection program is running in the background, the user may notice that a word processing program responds more slowly than normal.
Thus, improved software scheduling techniques are desired. Furthermore, improved techniques are desired for scheduling background applications such as virus detection programs, disk defragmenters, and desktop search engine indexes.
FIG. 1 depicts a system for controlling resource usage based on policies, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a procedure for policy based resource allocation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example computer system in which embodiments of the present invention may be practiced.
Overview Using policies to limit resource usage by software applications is disclosed herein. The policies define rules that specify a maximum amount of a resource that a particular application is allowed to use given the current state of the computer system, in one embodiment. The state can be defined based on conditions such as user activity, resource usage, time of day, etc. For example, one of the policies might dictate that an indexing engine running on a desktop be limited to little or no resource usage when there is a user interacting with the system. As another example, a set of policies might cause a disk defragmentation daemon to run at a low priority immediately after a full scan that yielded little benefit, but may increase the priority if disk activity increases.
A scheduler monitors the computer system and the application and enforces the policies to control the resource usage of each application. If the scheduler determines that an application has been using more of a particular resource than is allowed then the scheduler takes some action to reduce resource usage until actual resource usage is at or below allowed resource usage. For example, the scheduler might lower the scheduling priority of a process or thread associated with the application. As another example, the scheduler might temporarily suspend a process or thread associated with the application. Many other techniques are possible.
Each application has its own set of associated policies that allow the application to define rules that limit resource usage, in one embodiment. While not limited to background applications, policy based limiting of resource usage is suited for background applications such as anti-virus scanners, disk archival, defragmentation and compaction tools, and desktop indexing engines, which continuously run in the background, usually as daemons or services.
Limiting resource usage may have beneficial side-effects. For instance, limiting CPU usage may also limit the number of pages of memory of other applications that get swapped out. The policies may dictate that, even when there currently are no other consumers of a resource, the application still limits its resource usage, which can provide a variety of benefits. For example, full resource usage may cause continuous power consumption, excess heat, wear-and-tear, and a perception of inefficiency or software problems.
System Overview FIG. 1 depicts a system 100 for controlling resource usage of software applications based on policies 104, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Each of the applications 102(1)-102(3) has a set of policies 104(1)-104(3) associated therewith. The policies 104 define an upper limit on resource usage for different states of the computer system, in one embodiment. The policies 104 may be stored, for example, in a system configuration file. Example policies 104 are discussed below. A scheduler 106 monitors to collect information to determine the state, as well as application resource usage. The scheduler 106 controls the resource usage of the applications 102, based on the policies 104. In one embodiment, there is an instance of a scheduler 106(1)-106(3) for each application 102(1)-102(3). However, in another embodiment a scheduler 106 controls more than a single application 102.
An application 102 is modeled as a set of activities 110, in one embodiment. The resource usage of the application 102 is controlled by controlling the resource usage of individual activities 110, in an embodiment of the present invention. For example, if the entire application 102 is allotted 30% CPU usage, then controlling each of three activities 110 to limit them to 10% CPU usage successfully limits the application 102 as a whole. However, it is not required that each activity 110 be limited to a particular resource usage limit in order to limit the application 102 as a whole.
The activities 110 may be implemented as separate processes, or threads within a process, or tasks serviced by a thread, or some combination thereof. Thus, as used herein, the term �activity� used in the context of a software application 102 includes a process, thread, or any combination of processes and threads. An application 102 may have any number of activities 110, including a single activity 110. As an example, an indexing engine could have a �crawling activity� that locates documents that have been changed recently, a �parsing activity� that parses the documents to extract keywords and create a rough index, and an �indexing activity� that refines the rough index to create a refined index that is suitable for querying.
In one embodiment, the scheduler 106 controls each activity's 110 resource usage based on an urgency of each activity 110. An urgency defines a measure of how important it is to schedule an activity 110 relative to other activities 110. An urgency is similar to a scheduling priority, but is not necessarily the priority that an operating system uses to schedule a particular process or thread. For example, the urgency that is assigned to an activity 110 does not necessarily correspond to the process priority it has if one were to view the process priority with a tool such as a task manager in the Windows� operating system. Each activity 110 has a separate value of its current �urgency,� in an embodiment. The activity 110 can alter its urgency based on factors such as the amount of work that the activity 110 needs to complete and the negative impact on the users or other applications 102 if the work is deferred. In one embodiment, each activity 110 proactively provides its urgency to the scheduler 106. In another embodiment, the scheduler 106 requests that the activity 110 provide its urgency. Thus, various techniques for the scheduler 106 to learn the urgency include, but are not limited to polling, notifications to the scheduler 106, and including the urgency in a scheduling request.
The scheduler 106 monitors conditions in the computer system to determine the state the computer system is in, as defined by the policies 104 for each application 102. Thus, given a current set of conditions, the state can be different for each application 102. For example, based on current conditions, the policies 104 might indicate that the computer system is in an �IDLE� state for a CPU intensive application 102, but is in a �BUSY� state for a network I/O intensive application 102.
The scheduler 106 stores information relating to the conditions in the system data 120, along with other information. The other information may include the applications' past resource usage, the total resource usage by all processes in the computer system, each activities' urgency, and information relating to the conditions for which the scheduler 106 monitored.
Based on the policies 104 and the system data 120, the scheduling logic 125 determines how to control the applications' usage of resources. To control a particular applications' 102(1) usage of a particular resource, the scheduling logic 125 determines a maximum usage, and then determines whether to perform an action to reduce the actual usage of the particular resource by the activities 110 of the application 102(1). As previously mentioned, various techniques are disclosed herein for reducing resource usage to enforce the policies 104.
The scheduler 106 resides outside of the operating system, in the embodiment depicted in system 100. In this embodiment, Each of the schedulers 106(1)-106(3) may use operating system performance monitors 128 to learn of the resource usage of the applications 102, as well as total system resource usage. Each scheduler 106(1)-106(3) may use operating system primitives 126 to control its respective application 102(1)-102(3). Alternatively, the scheduler 106 interfaces with its application 102 to monitor and control it. In another embodiment, the scheduler 106 resides in the operating system.
Modes of Operation�Overview The scheduler 106 may control resource usage of the applications 102 in either a collaborative mode or in a non-collaborative mode. In the collaborative mode, an activity 110 explicitly asks the scheduler 106 for permission to execute. For example, an activity 110 makes a call to the scheduler 106 via an API in order to request permission to execute. The call may also specify the activity's urgency and also possibly the activity's resource usage. The scheduler 106 determines when the activity 110 may execute in order to enforce the policy 104.
In the non-collaborative mode, the activities 110 do not need to have knowledge of the scheduler 106. In other words, the activities 110 do not request permission from the scheduler 106 to run. If the application 102 or activity 110 exceeds its resource limit, the scheduler 106 takes an action to �pre-empt� the activity 110. The scheduler 106 can use operating system primitives 126 in order control the activities 110. For example, if the activity 110, or its associated application 102, is utilizing too much of the resource, then the scheduler 106 might request the O/S to change the scheduling priority of one or more activities 110 of the application 102. In the non-collaborative mode, the scheduler 106 may use means such as operating system performance monitors 128 to learn of the resource usage of the applications 102, as well as total system resource usage.
Additional examples of controlling the applications 102 in the collaborative and non-collaborative mode are discussed below.
Example Policies for Policy Based Resource Allocation Table I-Table III depict example policies 104 for controlling resource allocation, in accordance with an embodiment. The policies 104 for each application 102 are based on �conditions� of the computer system, in this embodiment. The conditions define the �state�, in this embodiment. Based on the state, the application 102 is allowed a maximum resource usage. As will be discussed below, the maximum is scaled back, in one embodiment.
INDEXING_ENGINE_POLICY
User active in the system in
CPU <5%
ResidentMemory <5%
User-triggered processes
using CPU >60%
ResidentMemory <10%
CPU <50%
ResidentMemory <20%
As an example, the policies 104 in Table I for the indexing engine dictate that if there is user activity within the last 60 seconds, then the state is �USER_BUSY�. In this state, CPU usage is limited to no more than 5% and resident memory is limited to no more than 5%. Note that the indexing engine does not attempt to use as much of a given resource that is available. For example, in the IDLE state, CPU usage is limited to no more than 50%. Thus, if the user pulls up a window such as a �task manager� window that is available in various versions of the Windows� operating system, the user will see that the CPU usage is no more than 50%. If the policies 104 did not limit the resource usage, then the indexing engine might use 100% of the CPU, which could give the user the impression that the indexing engine is monopolizing resources.
Also, if there are other applications 102 running simultaneously with the indexing engine, then limiting resources used by the indexing engine can help the other applications 102 run more smoothly. For example, if the user is playing a movie, the state might be �SYSTEM_BUSY�, in which case the policy 104 dictates that the indexing engine be limited to 10% CPU usage. Note that this state corresponds to greater than 60% CPU usage. Therefore, there could be up to 40% CPU usage available. However, the policies 104 limit the indexing engine to 10% CPU usage.
The rules for the policies 104 may be provided by the application 102. However, the rules may have user definable parameters. For example, the application 102 program can define a rule that states that if there is user activity within the last �n� seconds, then the CPU usage is to be limited to �x� percent. The user may specify the values for �n� and x Alternatively, the user might specify relative terms such as long, medium, short, or alternatively high, medium, and low, which are converted to numeric values for �n� and �x�.
Table II shows example policies 104 for a defragmenter engine, in accordance with an embodiment. Table III shows example policies 104 for a download engine, in accordance with an embodiment. Note that each application 102 is able to define its own set of states and the condition associated with the state. Also, the particular resource whose usage is being limited is application 102 specific.
DEFRAGMENTER_ENGINE_POLICY
Free disk space <5%
DISK_SPACE_LOW
DOWNLOAD_ENGINE_POLICY
Internet connection <5%
10:00 PM�06:00 AM
Internet connection <20%
Example Procedure for Policy Based Resource Allocation FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a procedure 200 for policy 104 based resource allocation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Procedure 200 will be discussed using the example system 100 of FIG. 1; however, procedure 200 is not limited to system 100. It will be appreciated that the steps of procedure 200 are ordered for convenience of explanation. In step 202, the scheduler 106 monitors one or more conditions of the computer system. Tables I-III provide some example conditions.
In step 204, the scheduler 106 determines a maximum resource usage for the application 102 based on one or more policies 104, as well as the conditions. As an example, the scheduler 106 determines that the indexing engine is allowed a maximum of 50% CPU usage because the conditions indicate that the computer system is in an IDLE state.
In optional step 206, the scheduler 106 scales down the maximum allowed resource usage based on the activities 110 that are currently running in the application 102 and their respective urgencies. For example, if the indexing engine has only one activity 110 running and it has a low urgency, then the scheduler 106 might scale the allowed CPU usage from 50% down to 10%. As a more particular example, the activity 110 of crawling to locate documents might have a low urgency. If this is the only activity 110 of the indexing engine, the CPU usage can be scaled down while still providing plenty of CPU resource for the crawling activity 110. Further details of scaling resource usage are discussed below.
Note that steps 202, 204, 206 may be performed repeatedly at any time that the application 102 is running.
In step 208, the scheduler 106 learns the actual resource usage of the application 102 to be scheduled. For example, the scheduler 106 learns the CPU usage over the last �x� seconds. As used herein, this time period will be referred to as a �monitor window�. In one embodiment, the application 102 reports its resource usage to the scheduler 106. In another embodiment, the scheduler 106 uses operating system performance monitors 128 to determine actual resource usage
In step 210, the scheduler 106 determines whether the actual resource usage of the application 102 exceeds the maximum allowed resource usage as determined by step 204 or step 206 if scaling was used. If resource usage is too high, then in step 212 the scheduler 106 takes an action to reduce the application's 102 resource usage. Note that even if the actual resource usage is less than the allowed usage, the scheduler 106 may continue to throttle the application's activities. The application 102 may be under control only because of the throttling currently in effect. If the current usage is substantially less than the allowed level, then the scheduler 102 can relax the throttling somewhat. The scheduler 102 continues this practice until the current application usage is in the same range as the allowed usage.
For example, if the indexing engine has a target allocation of 5% CPU usage, but has a CPU usage of 14% over the monitor window, then the scheduler 106 takes one or more actions intended to drive the indexing engine's CPU usage down to 5% over some selected time window. The selected time window is the monitor window, in one embodiment. Further details of taking an action to enforce the policy 104 are described below. Briefly, some examples include changing process priority, putting a process to sleep, and stopping a process.
After taking the action, control passes to step 208 to learn the actual resource usage by the application 102. Steps 208-212 are performed until resource usage complies with the policy 104. Thus, the scheduler 106 uses feedback to control the application's 102 resource usage to enforce the policy 104.
Example Actions to Enforce the Policies As previously discussed, if the resource usage for a particular application 102 is above the applicable limit, then the scheduler 106 takes one or more actions to reduce the resource usage. The following discussion includes several actions for enforcing the resource allocation.
Some resources, such as resident memory, are directly controllable. For such directly controllable resources, the scheduler 106 may use operating system primitives 126 to limit the usage of the application 102. For example, the scheduler 106 asks the operating system to enforce the memory usage of the indexing engine.
In cases of resources which cannot be controlled directly, the scheduler 106 takes other actions to enforce the limits. For certain resources, the application's 102 usage can be measured on a per-activity 110 basis. For instance, in case of CPU limits, the scheduler 106 can learn of the usage per thread and per process. Therefore, the scheduler 106 may lower the process' and threads' priority to attempt to bring down CPU usage. To reduce the priority, the scheduler 106 may use operating system primitives 126 to request that the operating system lower the priority of one or more threads or processes of the application 102.
In the collaborative mode, the activities 110 check with the scheduler 106 periodically for permission to proceed. The scheduler 106 suspends the activities 110 as required to bring down the usage to under the limit. For example, the scheduler 106 puts the activity 110 to sleep. The length of time of the suspension is estimated based on the activity's 110 urgency, its past resource usage, and the current resource limit. Collaborative mode can be used to control CPU usage, as well as other resources such as disk IO or network IO. Controlling disk IO or network IO can be achieved by either centralizing or intercepting all IO calls from the application 102 and channeling these calls through the scheduler 106.
The computation is refined by feedback until the application's 102 resource usage comes below the limit. In one embodiment, the feedback computations may refine resource allocations to specific individual activities in order to control the application's usage. In another embodiment, the feedback loop is used to refine the current allowed application resource limit which is then shared out to the activities (as per their urgencies).
In the collaborative mode, the scheduler 106 knows the urgency of the activity 110 being executed by the process/thread. The scheduler 106 throttles low urgency activities 110 much more than high urgency activities, in one embodiment. For example, consider an application 102 that is allowed 30% CPU usage and has a high, a medium, and a low urgency activity 110. The scheduler 106 might reduce the CPU usage of the high urgency activity 110 to 20%, the medium to 8%, and the low to 2%. These values are provided for illustrative purposes.
While initially the allowed resource usage is directly apportioned to the application's activities according to their urgencies, during subsequent cycles it is the feedback mechanism which controls the resource apportioned to each activity, in an embodiment. The scheduler 106 keeps track of the recent history of how much resource allocation each activity was allowed in the past, and how much the application 102 ended up using in that time window. This helps the scheduler 106 to refine the allocation so that the overall application resource usage is brought to control. This is useful in at least two cases.
A first case is when there are uncontrolled threads/processes in the application 102. That is, threads/processes that cannot be directly controlled by the scheduler 106, but which share a master-slave relationship with one of the activities which is controllable by the scheduler 106. Then, throttling the master also results in throttling the slaves, and the level of throttling is determined be feedback mechanism based on past behavior.
A second case is when the resource is controlled by a proxy resource. For instance, when disk I/O is being controlled by means of controlling CPU allocation. Again, it is the feedback mechanism which helps the scheduler 106 determines the CPU limits per activity which results in the overall application disk I/O being maintained within limits.
In some cases, not all the processes/threads collaborate with the scheduler 106. That is, an application 102 that does collaborate with the scheduler 106 may invoke a process external to the application, wherein the external process does not collaborate with the scheduler. Thus, the external process does not make calls to the scheduler to get permission to execute. In this case, the scheduler 106 is not able to directly control the external process order to limit its resource usage. However, the master-slave relationship between the application 102 and the external process allows the scheduler 106 to control resource usage. For example, the indexing engine might invoke a process external to the indexing engine in order to tokenize documents. However, this external process might not be directly controllable by the scheduler 106. However, the scheduler 106 can take an action such as putting the indexing engine to sleep or reducing its priority in order to reduce resource usage of the external process.
In one embodiment, the scheduler 106 stops the activity 110 for a period of time and then re-starts it in order to limit resource usage. This technique is typically only used in cases in which the battery is low because of the overhead of having to re-start the activity 110.
When certain events occur it may be difficult to effectively control resource usage using some of the foregoing techniques. The scheduler 106 may suspend/resume the application 102 as a whole, in response to such events. For instance, if a laptop is going to battery mode, or if free disk space runs very low, the scheduler 106 may suspend the application 102 altogether. The application 102 may be resumed when the system returns to AC power or when disk is cleaned to get more disk space.
The scheduler 106 may use a controllable resource as a proxy to limit usage of a resource which cannot be directly controlled. For example, the scheduler 106 may not be able to directly control network I/O usage to enforce a policy for a download manager. However, the scheduler 106 can limit CPU usage of the download manager until the network I/O usage limits are complied with.
Scaling the Resource Allocation Based on Aggregation of Activities In one embodiment, the scheduler 106 scales down the maximum allowed resource usage based on factors such as how many activities an application 102 currently has running and their respective urgencies. For example, in the IDLE state the indexing engine is allowed a maximum of 50% CPU usage. That is, the combined CPU usage of all of the activities of the indexing engine must be no more than 50%. In this embodiment, the 50% value is scaled down based on how many activities the indexing engine currently has running and the respective urgencies of the activities. In general, fewer activities and lower urgencies will result in scaling down further. The following example is provided to illustrate how the scheduler 106 might scale.
The urgencies might be classified as high, medium, low, and very low. Each urgency is assigned a weight such as 50, 25, 10, 5. The weights of each running activity 110 are combined. Based on the combined weight, the allowed usage is scaled. For example, if the combined weight is 100 or greater, then no scaling is performed. If the combined weight is less than 100, then the combined weight, as represented as a percentage, is used as a scaling factor.
For illustrative purposes, consider the following two example cases. Case 1: The indexing engine has two high urgency activities running, resulting in combined weight of 100.No scaling is performed for Case 1. Case 2: The indexing engine has one medium urgency activity 110 and one low urgency activity 110 running, resulting on a combined weight of 35. The allowed usage is scaled down to 35% of the maximum that is defined in the policy 104. Clearly, many other techniques could be used to scale down the allowed resource usage.
Application Changing its Urgency In one embodiment, an application 102 dynamically adapts the urgency assigned to one or more of its activities 110. As previously discussed, the scheduler 106 may use the urgency to determine how to enforce the policies. In some cases, the application 102 alters its urgency based on the tasks it has to perform and/or conditions in the computer system. The following examples of applications 102 altering their urgencies are provided for illustration. A desktop indexing engine may run at high urgency during the initial round of indexing and may lower its urgency when subsequently optimizing indexes or scanning for further changes. A disk defragmentation daemon may run at a low urgency immediately after a full scan that indicated that defragmentation would result in minimal benefit, but may increase its urgency if it detects significant disk activity 110.
The application 102 can change its urgency in response to a user request. For example, a download/synchronization manager may normally run at a low urgency, but may increase its urgency in response to a user request to �synchronize now� in which case it may run at high urgency.
Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8086582 *Dec 18, 2007Dec 27, 2011Mcafee, Inc.System, method and computer program product for scanning and indexing data for different purposesUS8671087Dec 5, 2011Mar 11, 2014Mcafee, Inc.System, method and computer program product for scanning and indexing data for different purposesUS8719831 *Jun 18, 2009May 6, 2014Microsoft CorporationDynamically change allocation of resources to schedulers based on feedback and policies from the schedulers and availability of the resourcesUS20090254594 *Apr 2, 2008Oct 8, 2009Microsoft CorporationTechniques to enhance database performanceUS20100325636 *Jun 18, 2009Dec 23, 2010Microsoft CorporationInterface between a resource manager and a scheduler in a processUS20130014119 *Jul 7, 2011Jan 10, 2013Iolo Technologies, LlcResource Allocation Prioritization Based on Knowledge of User Intent and Process IndependenceUS20140156610 *Nov 30, 2012Jun 5, 2014Oracle International CorporationSelf-governed contention-aware approach to scheduling file defragmentationWO2013006233A1 *May 29, 2012Jan 10, 2013Iolo Technologies LlcResource allocation prioritization based on knowledge of user intent and process independence* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification718/104International ClassificationG06F9/50Cooperative ClassificationG06F2209/504, G06F9/4881, Y02B60/142, G06F9/5027European ClassificationG06F9/50A6, G06F9/48C4SLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJul 17, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: YAHOO! INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF SECOND ASSIGNOR MURALI KRISHNA PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ONREEL 019429 FRAME 0505;ASSIGNORS:KUMAR, KRISHNA;KRISHNA, MURALI;M.G., THIRUVALLUVAN;REEL/FRAME:019567/0593;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070610 TO 20070613Jun 14, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: YAHOO! INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KUMAR, KRISHNA;KUMAR, MURALI;M.G., THIRUVALLUVAN;REEL/FRAME:019429/0505;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070610 TO 20070613RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


text:
We would have to say that we had one of the best... - Review of Meridian Resort - TripAdvisor
We would have to say that we had one of the best... - Review of Meridian Resort
We would have to say that we had one of the best family holidays we have ever had. The appartments are well equiped, modern, clean & tidy. The managment went out of their way to help in any situation. Truly a supurb holiday. A+
Ask traciebelle about Meridian Resort
Thank traciebelle
All reviews common room lock up garage scoopon deal games room an ocean view apartment felt like coming home community room a ground floor apartment full kitchen and laundry facilities nice pool and spa clean unit balcony watching table tennis the managers large grassed area sound of the waves family weekend
We arrived at 18:30 and there is no reception after 18:00. First moment in 2 bed apartment it smelt like cat urine. On examination the living area floor (carpet) was saturated, the main bedroom floor was also saturated. Next morning, as we left for all day appointments, we complained and the manager seemed surprised and said they would attend to it. Returning that evening to find rugs had been put over the wet area in main bedroom, nothing done to the living area and the smell remained. Next morning we check ed out and received a mild apology and they charged my credit card for the full price. We would never stay there again and would not recommend it unless of course you like kitty litter.
Ask Malard about Meridian Resort
3 Thank Malard
PaulOldBar, Manager at Meridian Resort, responded to this reviewResponded September 15, 2012
I would like to say that I am sorry that you had a bad experiance at the Meridian Resort, & on behalf of the Meridian Resort I unreservedly apologize. The Resort has had a makeover both inside & outside. Although I am an animal lover the resort is not pet friendly anymore. I cannot undo what has already happened but your time here was 5 years ago & we are the new managers now. My wife & I have been the managers for the last 4 years & have worked extremely hard at improving the facility. I would like to invite you back for a much more positive experiance.
Location: Australia > New South Wales > Old Bar
TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Expedia, Travelocity, Orbitz, Booking.com, Priceline and Agoda so you can book your Meridian Resort reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.

type: global

value: This website is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


text:
Kids' Fencing Lessons - Front Range Fencing Club | Groupon
$40 for Four Weeks of Kids' Fencing Lessons at Front Range Fencing Club ($85 Value)
Beginner's fencing classes teach swordplay fundamentals to kids 9–14; this Groupon includes use of all necessary equipment
Located inside Chinook Trail Elementary Gym
$40 for four weeks of kids’ beginner fencing classes (an $85 value)
Classes are valid for kids aged 9–14
Click to see available class times<p>
Front Range Fencing is a USA Fencing member club that teaches the finer points of swordplay to kids and adults, providing all the requisite equipment needed. Certified by the US Fencing Coaches Association, the staff provides patient, careful instruction in a fun, friendly, and safe learning environment. Click here to learn a little more about what classes entail. Customer Reviews
Warm and welcoming group. Nice pace in learning basics. Instructor is patient and funny.
Wonderful, patient, fun instructors get the new students very quickly and safely into the basics of advancing, lunging, and attacking while holding the weapon. Fun class!
Vel P. ·
My daughter loves it. She's only taken 3 classes and wants to continue. It helps with her posture and focus with school work.
Irlene B. ·

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


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An estimate of the annual direct cost of treating cutaneous melanoma. - PubMed - NCBI
Format: AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend toChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 9591809FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowJ Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 May;38(5 Pt 1):669-80.An estimate of the annual direct cost of treating cutaneous melanoma.Tsao H1, Rogers GS, Sober AJ.Author information1Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.AbstractBACKGROUND: Although the survival benefits of early stage melanoma have been clearly documented, the potential economic impact of early versus late stage disease has not been assessed.OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to estimate the annual direct cost of diagnosing and treating melanoma, based on the number of projected cases of melanoma entering each stage in 1997.METHODS: A model was constructed with assumptions derived from the literature and clinical experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital Melanoma Center and the Boston University Medical Center. Cost estimates were based on 1997 Boston area Medicare reimbursements.RESULTS: The annual direct cost of treating newly diagnosed melanoma in 1997 was estimated to be $563 million. Stage I and II disease each comprised about 5% of the total cost; stage III and stage IV disease consumed 34% and 55% of the total cost, respectively. About 90% of the total annual direct cost of treating melanoma in 1997 was attributable to less than 20% of patients (those patients with advanced disease, that is, stage III and stage IV).CONCLUSION: In addition to the potential survival advantages, aggressive primary prevention through sun protection and intensive screening to enhance earlier detection should reduce the economic burden of melanoma care.Comment inAn estimate of the annual direct cost of treating cutaneous melanoma. [J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999]PMID: 9591809 [Indexed for MEDLINE] SharePublication type, MeSH terms, SubstancePublication typeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tMeSH termsBiopsy/economicsBostonCensusesCosts and Cost AnalysisEmploymentFollow-Up StudiesHealth Care Costs*Hospital ChargesHumansIncomeLymph Node Excision/economicsMass Screening/economicsMassachusettsMedicare/economicsMelanoma/diagnosisMelanoma/economics*Melanoma/pathologyMelanoma/prevention & controlMelanoma/therapyModels, EconomicNeoplasm Recurrence, Local/economicsNeoplasm StagingPopulation SurveillanceProbabilitySEER ProgramSkin Neoplasms/diagnosisSkin Neoplasms/economics*Skin Neoplasms/pathologySkin Neoplasms/prevention & controlSkin Neoplasms/therapySunscreening Agents/therapeutic useSurvival RateTerminal Care/economicsUnited StatesSubstanceSunscreening AgentsLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesElsevier ScienceMedicalMelanoma - MedlinePlus Health InformationSkin Cancer - MedlinePlus Health InformationPubMed Commons home

value: This website is part of the United States National Library of Medicine , a branch of the National Institutes of Health . It is approved and funded by the government of the United States.


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−*[http://newdeal.feri.org/guides/tnguide/ch10.htm "Negros in Tennessee"] chapter 10 of the online book ''Tennessee: A Guide to the State.'' Compiled and Written by the Federal Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration for the State of Tennessee. American Guide Series. (No Place: New Deal Network, 1996) Original published: Tennessee: State of Tennessee. Department of Concervation, Division of Information, 1939. This chapter provides a concise introduction to African Americans in Tennessee. +{{Adoption TNGenWeb}} [[Image:{{TNAfricanAm}}]] ''[[United States|United States ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[Tennessee|Tennessee ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[African-American_Resources_for_Tennessee|African Americans]]''
Resources for African-American research fall into two periods: pre- and post-Civil War. A great starting point is Afrigeneas's [http://afrigeneas.org/states/tn/ "African Ancestry in Tennessee."]
 −*[http://www.tnstate.edu/library/digital/digitizing.html ''Profiles of African Americans in Tenness''ee], Editors Bobby L.Lovett and Linda T. Winn. Nashville, Tennessee: Annual Local Conference on Afro-American Culture and History, 1996. This online publication contaings short biographies of 70 members of the of of the Tennessee General Assembly between 1873-1995+ +
 + +{{AfrAmDC}}

 + +== '''Pre-Civil War''' ==
+ +Records consist of slave importation declarations, plantation records, Tennessee hiring practices, census records, white family records, church and cemetery records, military records, vital records, and numerous Tennessee court records. + +African-American vital records were usually recorded in separate books for many years. Sla

value: This website is a nonprofit organization and website offering genealogical records, education, and software. It is operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , and is closely connected with the church's Family History Department.


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Similar articles for PubMed (Select 23033766) - PubMed - NCBI
Summary20 per pageSort by LinkFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListItems per page5102050100200Sort byLinkPublication DateFirst AuthorLast AuthorJournalTitleApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVSort byLinkPublication DateFirst AuthorLast AuthorJournalTitleCreate FileSimilar articles for PubMed (Select 23033766)FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataSort byLinkPublication DateFirst AuthorLast AuthorJournalTitleNumber to send5102050100200Start from citationE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Number to send5102050100200Start from citationCreate File
Select item 230337661.Peer-victimization during physical education and enjoyment of physical activity.Scarpa S, Carraro A, Gobbi E, Nart A.Percept Mot Skills. 2012 Aug;115(1):319-24.PMID: 23033766 Similar articles Select item 232387642.Daily school peer victimization experiences among Mexican-American adolescents: associations with psychosocial, physical and school adjustment.Espinoza G, Gonzales NA, Fuligni AJ.J Youth Adolesc. 2013 Dec;42(12):1775-88. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9874-4. Epub 2012 Dec 14.PMID: 23238764 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Select item 240159823.Effects of peer victimization on psychological and academic adjustment in early adolescence.Rueger SY, Jenkins LN.Sch Psychol Q. 2014 Mar;29(1):77-88. doi: 10.1037/spq0000036. 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Bayonetta Xbox 360 New Sealed | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


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Lookingin For Iousecall Strippers | eBay
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rob hoffman - Sustainable Reston (Reston, VA) - Meetup
http://photos4.meetupstatic.com/photos/member/1/5/e/c/member_100505612.jpeg
http://www.meetup.com/Sustainable-Reston/members/4842963/
Hello Anna, thanks for the invitation look forward to seeing you ! How did you hear about Sustainable Reston?
Through the local wellness community
Thanks for joining Robert!!! I'm looking forward to more fascinating times with you - starting at breakfast tomorrow morning! See you there! Feb 26, 2012 8:05 PM
Hey Rob. Glad you like the idea! Freebie is always good for sure ;} Looks like it is for the Art Walk. This Sat. is the most current walk(can't make it). September 11th is the next 1. Shall we try to rally the troops? I couldn't find a price via their website on the Heroworship exhibit. Looks pretty rad though!! Aug 10, 2010 9:47 PM
Sustainability, Gardening, Permaculture, Acupuncture, Colletive Intelligence and Sustainability, Worldview Consciousness and Evolution, Conscious Tranformation and Evolution, Science Spirit and the Shift of Ages, Book Publishing, Writers, Creative Writing, Writing, Writing Workshops, Non Fiction Writers, Adventure, Weight Loss, Self-Improvement, Paintball, Alternative Health, Personal Growth, Social Networking, Goddess, Beer, Lifestyle Coaching, Wine, Herbalists, Metaphysics, Singles, Law of Attraction
175 health restorers
28 Locavores
248 People following their path
130 Jet-setters

value: This website is a service used to organize online groups that host in-person and virtual events for people with similar interests. It was founded in 2002 by Chairman Scott Heiferman and four co-founders.


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Waiting For O'Bannon DecisionEd O'Bannon led UCLA to an NCAA title in '95. But his lawsuit's success (or failure) versus the NCAA will have a widespread impact on college sports. Lester Munson »X's, O's of O'Bannon v. NCAA »More »
davejosephla Dave JosephAnother big win for @AnzeKopitar (among others) and the @LAKings! #GoKingsGo18 minutes ago ESPNLosAngeles ESPNLosAngelesPower-play goals lift Kings over Coyotes http://t.co/MEDKYpUUBG23 minutes ago ESPNLosAngeles ESPNLosAngelesUCLA hammered by top-ranked Kentucky http://t.co/GD1wVWHVzx53 minutes ago davejosephla Dave JosephCheck out my man @JAYFLATS rocking his autographed @AnzeKopitar @LAKings holiday jersey! http://t.co/H95RaMVZXrabout an hour ago davejosephla Dave Joseph“@hosstin67: @davejosephla 300's are life! let's hope for some more goal announcements. #gkg” You know it!!!about 2 hours ago davejosephla Dave Joseph“@hosstin67: I see you @davejosephla http://t.co/unDvhb0kUR” Oh hey there! I see you too!!!about 2 hours ago ArashMarkazi Arash MarkaziUCLA had more turnovers (8) than points (7) in the first half.about 2 hours ago ArashMarkazi Arash MarkaziUCLA's 7 first half points is the lowest in school history.about 2 hours ago ArashMarkazi Arash MarkaziHalftime: Kentucky 41, UCLA 7. The Bruins were 3 for 37 (8.1%) in the first half.about 2 hours ago LAIreland John IrelandRemember last week when the Lakers made 5 of 41 shots in the first half? If you thought that was bad, turn on the UCLA game #ithappensabout 2 hours ago ArashMarkazi Arash MarkaziKentucky 33, UCLA 4 with 5:30 left in the first half and "mercy rule" was mentioned more than once on the CBS broadcast.about 2 hours ago marcelluswiley Marcellus Wiley.@clowncarrecords 1011 S. Figueroa La, CA 90015 is our addressabout 3 hours ago davejosephla Dave JosephThanks @Alex_Curry for the @LAKings pregame selfie! #GoKingsGo http://t.co/ciBumJ24BTabout 3 hours ago Dave Joseph retweetedLAKingsGirl77 Jenny Taketomo@frozenroyalty @davejosephla HAHA!!! Ok see now the dance moves don't sound so bad!!!about 3 hours ago Dave Joseph retweetedfrozenroyalty Frozen Royalty@LAKingsGirl77 There was talk in media room about @davejosephla showing up in 1 of the ice crew's holiday dresses. See what you started? :Pabout 3 hours ago ArashMarkazi Arash MarkaziOnly one stadium (capable of housing two teams) would be built in L.A. so the number of options doesn't really matter as long as one works.about 4 hours ago ArashMarkazi Arash MarkaziThe two hottest stadium sites now mentioned for a possible LA NFL team are Inglewood (Hollywood Park site) and Carson (Victoria Park site).about 4 hours ago davejosephla Dave JosephYour @LAKings are set for a matinee affair with the @ArizonaCoyotes @STAPLESCenter #GoKingsGo http://t.co/uKLJs5nhmiabout 4 hours ago Dave Joseph retweetedfrozenroyalty Frozen RoyaltyHey @LAKingsGirl77: don’t encourage @davejosephla! lolabout 4 hours ago ArashMarkazi Arash MarkaziL.A. could easily go from two "shovel ready" stadium sites for an NFL team to none by next year. Leaving L.A., once again, at square one.about 4 hours ago ESPNLosAngeles.com on Twitter »

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Patent US5915612 - Registration system for web feeding - Google Patents
An apparatus is disclosed for controlling the motion of a machine system so as to cut individual lengths from a web having graphics on predetermined web positions and which allows the use of an inexpensive AC induction motor. An AC induction motor has an output power shaft for imparting the motive force...http://www.google.com/patents/US5915612?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5915612 - Registration system for web feeding
Publication number US5915612 A
Application number US 09/111,352
Also published as US5821724
Publication number 09111352, 111352, US 5915612 A, US 5915612A, US-A-5915612, US5915612 A, US5915612A
Inventors Gaylen Roy Hinton
Patent Citations (35), Referenced by (12), Classifications (9), Legal Events (6)
US 5915612 A
US3648911 * Apr 2, 1970 Mar 14, 1972 Oklahoma Publishing Co The Rotary press preprinted web registering device
US4221144 * Dec 26, 1978 Sep 9, 1980 Pako Corporation Paper feed control for automatic photographic paper cutter
EP0109266A2 * Nov 9, 1983 May 23, 1984 B. & H. MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INC. Computer controlled labelling machine
EP0311127A2 * Oct 7, 1988 Apr 12, 1989 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Control device for servo motor
EP0396749A1 * Jan 12, 1989 Nov 14, 1990 Fanuc Ltd. System for controlling servo motor
JPH03190584A * Title not available
JPS5858886A * Title not available
JPS5996802A * Title not available
JPS6271067A * Title not available
JPS6285694A * Title not available
JPS55120388A * Title not available
JPS57135693A * Title not available
JPS57151883A * Title not available
WO1983002341A1 * Dec 16, 1982 Jul 7, 1983 Beckman Instruments Inc Improved motor speed control system
CN103708267A * Dec 23, 2013 Apr 9, 2014 重庆东登科技有限公司 Method for displaying status of sensor and actuator in brushless servo correction controller
CN103708267B * Dec 23, 2013 Feb 17, 2016 重庆东登科技有限公司 无刷伺服纠偏控制器中传感器和执行器状态的显示方法
U.S. Classification 226/30, 226/42, 226/100
Cooperative Classification G05B2219/41319, G05B2219/43021, G05B2219/41174, G05B19/251

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Anssi Klapuri16
Jouni Paulus16
Meinard Müller15
Mark B. Sandler13
Peter Grosche11
8Ran Zhao
8Jun Hu
8Mark B. Sandler
8Ming Jiang
Design And Evaluation of Onset Detectors using Different Fusion Policies
Mi Tian, György Fazekas, Dawn A. A. Black, Mark B. Sandler
Note onset detection is one of the most investigated tasks in Music Information Retrieval (MIR) and various detection methods have been proposed in previous research. The primary aim of this paper is… (More)
Music Structural Segmentation Across Genres with Gammatone Features
Mi Tian, Mark B. Sandler
Music structural segmentation (MSS) studies to date mainly employ audio features describing the timbral, harmonic or rhythmic aspects of the music and are evaluated using datasets consisting… (More)
Towards Music Structural Segmentation across Genres: Features, Structural Hypotheses, and Annotation Principles
This article faces the problem of how different audio features and segmentation methods work with different music genres. A new annotated corpus of Chinese traditional Jingju music is presented. We… (More)
Mi Tian, Ajay Srinivasamurthy, Mark B. Sandler, Xavier Serra
Note onset detection and instrument recognition are two of the most investigated tasks in Music Information Retrieval (MIR). Various detection methods have been proposed in previous research for… (More)
On the use of the tempogram to describe audio content and its application to Music structural segmentation
This paper presents a new set of audio features to describe music content based on tempo cues. Tempogram, a mid-level representation of tempo information, is constructed to characterize tempo… (More)
An Enhanced Preconditioned JMCFIE-DDM for Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering by Composite Objects
Ming Jiang, Jun Hu, Mi Tian, Ran Zhao, Zaiping Nie
For electromagnetic wave scattering by composite conductor and dielectric objects, an efficient integral equation solver is imperative. In this letter, An enhanced preconditioned hybrid approach… (More)
Towards the Representation of Chinese Traditional Music: A State of the Art Review of Music Metadata Standards
This paper examines existing metadata standards for describing music related information in the context of Chinese music tradition. With most research attention focusing on Western music, research… (More)
An Indoor Positioning System Based on iBeacon
Quanyu Wang, Yuan Guo, Lida Yang, Mi Tian

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across 10 devices with unlimited talk and text. now get a lucid by lg, free. britta olsen is my patient. i spend long hours with her checking her heart rate, administering her medication, and just making her comfortable. one night britta told me about a tradition in denmark, "when a person dies," she said, "someone must open the window so the soul can depart." i smiled and squeezed her hand. "not tonight, britta. not tonight." [ female announcer ] to nurses everywhere, thank you, from johnson & johnson. >>> a lot happening tonight. a very full hour. let's get the latest on some other stories we're following. isha is back with another 360 bulletin. >> there's more snow on the way. forecasters say snow in the south will hit the northeast tomorrow, and a fresh snow storm is expected to push into the ohio valley. freezing rain is threatening parts of texas, missouri, and tennessee, and ice could bring down power lines in oklahoma and arkansas. authorities say this week's storm has killed ten people. >>> leaders in many religious faiths gathered with residents of newtown, connecticut, for in Anderson Cooper 360
. [ nurse ] i'm a hospice nurse. britta olsen is my patient. i spend long hours with her checking her heart rate, administering her medication, and just making her comfortable. one night britta told me about a tradition in denmark, "when a person dies," she said, "someone must open the window so the soul can depart." i smiled and squeezed her hand. "not tonight, britta. not tonight." [ female announcer ] to nurses everywhere, thank you, from johnson & johnson. [ female announcer ] to nurses everywhere, tyeah, its the galaxy note ii.re great. you can do two things at the same time. you can watch videos and text. or you could watch the earnings report and take notes, like we're supsed to. so... can i get it? yeah. okay either of you put together the earnings report yet? yes, me totally. what? why don't you tackle the next quarter. you eat yet? polynesian? pu pu platter? yup! keep up the good work. i will keep up the good work. do more with the new samsung galaxy note ii. progresso. in what world do potatoes, bacon and cheese add up to 100 calories? your world. ♪ [ whispers ] real bacon... c Search Results 0 to 2 of about 3

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BrowseInterestsBiography & MemoirBusiness & LeadershipFiction & LiteraturePolitics & EconomyHealth & WellnessSociety & CultureHappiness & Self-HelpMystery, Thriller & CrimeHistoryYoung AdultBrowse byBooksAudiobooksArticlesSheet MusicBrowse allUploadSign inJoinRED Hot Teaching TipsReflect, Empower, & Do it! Teach on Purpose!
Linda the Math Coach
Author, Consultant, Speaker & Coach
Transform Holidays and other “Distractions” Into Motivational Focus Points
I have to tell you a wonderful true story. It happened last Tuesday when my grandson hopped into the car after school with a surge of 10 year old energy. Before I could ask the usual grandma-is-a-retired-teacher question: What cool stuff did you do today? He began spilling out all the details of his encounters with a pumpkin. What a contrast! In previous years, despite my grandma-is-a-retired-teacher probing, the most I could coax out of him was, “I dunno,” or, “lunch sucked,” followed by a detailed account of his recess capers with his buddies. This year it’s different. His teacher is on purpose. She knows her students. She takes what most of us might think of as distractions, and turns them into motivational focus points. So motivated was my grandson, that two hours later, he’s sitting at the library computers, seemingly absorbed in a video game. He stops in the middle of the game, turns to me, and with eyes aglow like an animated jack-o-lantern, he says, “I was up to my elbows in pumpkin guts! Smell my hands.” I busted out laughing right there in the middle of the library. Then he followed up with, “We’re doing Halloween, uh, what do you call them, uh, activities, yeah, but they’re academic activities. And we get to eat the seeds.” Does this teacher know 4th grade boys or what? So here’s how to take this story and think about it like the RED Hot Teacher you know you are. REFLECT
Ask yourself these questions: Do I welcome or dread holidays? How do I feel about the distractions that “special” events cause? Do I let distractions be a reason to water down or postpone instruction, or do I use them to motivate highly engaged instruction? EMPOWER Here is how you can research and plan to address the revelations of your reflections: Brainstorm all the holidays, special events and other “distractions” that will occur between now and the end of the school year. If this is too daunting, just include up to the winter break in late December. Select the most pressing or perhaps the one that is nearest in your future. Research this topic on the internet. Look for interesting information and connections with math. For example, if your topic was the November 2nd elections, you could do the following searches Campaign math Math and voting Math and elections Math lessons about voting Create a physical hard copy folder or a virtual folder on your computer desktop to store all the information you gather. Put your brainstorm list in the folder too so you can revisit it and keep developing more ideas on all these distractions you are now transforming into motivational focus points. DO Here is what you can do with your research: Develop a lesson or set of lessons using your research. Teach the lesson or lessons. Share or swap your ideas with a buddy teacher. Bring your buddy, your questions, and your ideas to our Huddle in the RED Hot Teacher’s Lounge on Thursday!
RED Hot Teacher’s Lounge Huddle
Every Thursday 8:00pm EST and 7:00pm CST Call (641) 715 – 3300 Access Code 916760# Meet with Linda the Math Coach And other RED Hotties like you!
People are asking What is this RED Hot Huddle anyway?
It’s a conference call where everyone dials in to the same number. You’ll be asked to enter the access code mentioned up above, and then you’ll join the conference. You can just listen in or participate. Usually I start off with a brief overview of the topic for the evening. Sometimes I have a guest “expert” on the line to speak with us. We almost always end up with an open Q&A session. I’m getting comments each week about the great ideas that are shared. Join us this week and see for yourself! Have a RED Hot week!! Your Coach, Linda
More From This UserClassroom Management TipsHalloween MathEngagement and Primacy RecencyDealing With NegativityDifferentiate Begin by Knowing Your StudentsQuick Easy Ways to Get Rigor and Engagement into Every LessonRigor, Engagement, and Differentiation RED Hot Teaching TipsClassroom Management Quick, Easy System for Day 1 Back to SchoolTeaching Tips to Try Newsletter May 2, 2010Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter April 18, 2010May Math Mini Units to Keep Kids Engaged with MathTutorial for EOCTeaching Tips to Try Newsletter February 21, 2010Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter February 7, 2010Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter January 17, 2010Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter January 10, 2010Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter November 30, 2009Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter November 22, 2009Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter November 15, 2009Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter October 25, 2009Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter October 18,2009Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter October 11, 2009Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter October 4, 2009Teaching Tips to Try Newsletter September 20, 2009
Holiday Math by Linda Cordes2 viewsEmbedDownloadDescriptionTips for using the excitement of holidays to engage and inspire students to learn math.Tips for using the excitement of holidays to engage and inspire students to learn math.Interests: Types, Instruction manualsRead on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate contentShow moreShow less
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HI London-Heathrow - Executive room - Picture of Leonardo Hotel London Heathrow Airport, West Drayton - TripAdvisor
HI London-Heathrow - Executive room - Picture of Leonardo Hotel London Heathrow Airport, West Drayton
“Great room. Fee for early check-in. Expensive airport...”
“Very decent - a pleasant surprise”
“Very disappointing both times I've stayed here.”
“SUBPAR for Holiday Inn Standards. Bad service.”
“Small, different from what you expect”
Search Europe›United Kingdom (UK)›England›Greater London›West Drayton›West Drayton Hotels›Leonardo Hotel London Heathrow Airport Pictures
Photo: “HI London-Heathrow - Executive room” From Review:
of Leonardo Hotel London Heathrow Airport
“Team couldn't have been more h...”	03/22/2017
“Decent Airport Hotel. One importan...”	03/22/2017
Level Contributor 715 reviews 226 hotel reviews
699 helpful votes “An excellent stay”
There were several people waiting to be checked-in when I arrived at Holiday Inn–Heathrow but I joined the Priority Club Line and I was checked in moments later. I was recognised as a Platinum member and given an upgrade to an Executive Room with a runway view. I was also asked if I wanted a wake up call and complimentary...
More Helpful? Thank paullegate Report GMSTU, General Manager at Leonardo Hotel London Heathrow Airport, responded to this review
I thank you for your recent review of the hotel and I am delighted that you rated us highly in terms of the facilities offered. We strive to be the best Holiday Inn aound the area and it would appear that we exceeded your expecations on this visit.
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Capital Markets Day 2011 Slava Mur...
Full-Full-Year 2011 Outlook Approximately 20% total operating revenues growth in ruble terms* OIBDA margin of 34%-36% Capital expenditures (excluding acquisitions) of $25 million * (when adjusting the 2010 revenues for the commission payable to Video International for direct sales of CTC Media’s advertising inventory in Russia) 10 Recommended

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Angels, Miracles, and Heavenly Encounters: Real-Life Stories of Supernatural Events - Kindle edition by James Stuart Bell. Religion & Spirituality Kindle eBooks @ Amazon.com.
Buy a KindleKindle eBooksAdvanced SearchDaily DealsFree Reading AppsKindle SinglesNewsstandAccessoriesKindle UnlimitedDiscussionsManage Your Content and DevicesKindle Support Start reading Angels, Miracles, and Heavenly Encounters on the free Kindle Reading App or on your Kindle in under a minute. Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here.
Angels, Miracles, and Heavenly Encounters: Real-Life Stories of Supernatural Events [Kindle Edition]
Encountering Heaven and the Afterlife: True
Kindle Edition$9.99 Modern-Day Miracles: 50 True Miracle Stories
Kindle Edition$7.99 I Believe in Heaven: Real Stories from the Bible,
Kindle Edition$10.37 The Daily Prophecy: Your Future Revealed Today!
B004HKIIEO,B0052NGJVY,B00LA9GBVC,B00LA9GPE0,B00A25FG2A,B00997JG0U,B00B853NGY,B00B853W3I,B00CIUJZ92,B00B85AMG8,B00GHXRTH6,B00B853U1C,B0064OE0CA,B00AQLMZME,B004NNV9UU,B00DY9FQG2,B00BVTRIRM,B00B85M2QG,B004TS1MAG,B0051GN8QQ,B005SZ45CQ,B004HIM2X4,B008PRGF7C,B004XVZ84U,B00IC8SFG8,B007WU6JW4,B00J75E7CG,B004FV4ZEC,B007P3QQXU,B004XVZA2A,B005LOPOCY,B00E4WFHHG,B000XPNV8A,B0051GN7XU,B005GMYADU,B00F8H0EJM,B00527J1PQ,B00EZ8AW38,B00B1U8KGO,B00LA9GLCQ,B00GUU925S,B00B853SUU,B00AR19FDU,B005DI9TXS,B009193MTW,B00BXDR94S,B0050CNZP0,B004JHY6C8,B007KOI01A,B00H8FIDRM,B005JSDV90,B002Z14MXI,B00B85M3UG,B007MRPKFO,B003F3FK2W,B009XGGT3O,B005NFG50G,B00CP7DT68,B004U4H366,B00AHY0RKC,B00HK33WSC,B00C5QA5SO,B00B92GPTI,B006G2YPAM,B00CGI3FMY,B00B85AIWG,B009G1PGLM,B00PMU2GVY,B00MJD6ZQO,B00MJD7AN6,B00FWT9IGG,B004HFS3S0,B004SBPF52,B005HF9KZ4,B00C5QA94O,B00CGZCFZU,B008U2LP72,B00A9UMLGW,B00C4XX0F8,B0055PLK2C,B00CA0VTK8,B00348UNBG,B006G2YP48,B00E80ZNYG,B008L1TDHQ,B00AFWLYJO,B0081G0EPG,B007CKAL6E,B00HQC23VY,B003TFE06S,B009TA4C42,B008BWABAI,B0052ZO73E,B005JDD5UA,B00JJR2J36,B00HK33VYM,B004ULMIGY,B00H07RZB8,B005E87XVW,B006BESZFG
Page Numbers Source ISBN: 0764209582
ASIN: B007TV0X0K
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #77,725 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
Angels approaching people.... If you like stories about ANGELS, MIRACLES, AND HEAVENLY ENCOUNTERS then you'll want to read this book. ”
This was a very interesting and uplifting book to read. ”
Linniew3|
If I had not been reading this book, I would have been sleeping! ”
Format:Paperback While giving the impression of fascinating ghost stories, these heavenly reports are stated to be "real" and based on a Christian foundation. It must be stated that once I read the first few paragraphs I was addicted to rapidly reaching its completion, but actually dreading the end...because I did not want it to. It would be very wise of James Stuart Bell to instigate this as an actual series with Angels, Miracles, and Heavenly Encounters being the preliminary of which. Every story is a mere two to four pages long comprising forty-four accounts. There is, however, so much to be grasped within them regardless of their length: suspense, horror, solace, wonder, victory, peace. And with each report being so brief, Bell creatively edits the narrative morsel with such completion and detail to sufficiently envelop the whole ambiance and its dramatic weight.The book opens with a young child sensitively witnessing the actual departure of his dying loved one. More accounts include near-death experiences, chance meetings with what appear to be average strangers...who know a little bit too much about the narrator and actually play a significant role in their coming trials and tribulations. Among the others describe a frightening demonic attack at a pagan funeral, a temporary reversal of incurable physical ailments, diabolical sleep paralysis, the rescue of a possessed college student, and the mysterious "appearance" of an answer to a financial need. Avoiding any monotony, the random episodes are randomly placed within this book keeping its readers hooked. It is simply capable of being finished within one or two nights, re-read and passed around to others. The stories are concise and memorable enough to recite not only for entertainment value, but to instill hope and awareness of the supernatural.Angels, Miracles, and Heavenly Encounters is a perfect read for any age from young adults to older generations. One does not need to invest too much into these writings. It is a terrific piece to occasionally grab a story here and there along with your other literary itineraries. Of course, it is up to the reader to discern the authenticity of the individual tales. They do seem to contain genuine contact with the supernatural on both sides of the fence: good and evil. The latter always being conquered by the light. Though I don't entirely agree with every single one, I never really got the feeling of any New Age implication as this so easily could have taken a turn for, but each account remains focused on a holy basis. Angels, Miracles, and Heavenly Encounters is not only one of my favorite books of the year, but it leaves me hoping for sequels...and soon.This book was provided free for review by the publisher. Read more ›
By Jennifer L. Barker
Format:Paperback Ever wonder if God still works miracles? Whenever we witness God doing something that only He can get credit for, our faith in Him grows. It does us good to not only experience it for ourselves, but also hear of others' experiences. Angels, Miracles, and Heavenly Encounters will give you this chance.James Stuart Bell has compiled more than forty stories that give credence to the fact that there are extraordinary things that happen in the spiritual world. There are angels that protect us, miracles that still do happen, and near-death experiences which sometimes occur.So what does this tell us? God didn't just create us and then left us to fend for ourselves! He is very involved in our daily experience and wants us to know that He cares.Pick up a copy of this wonderful book and find out all the different ways that mankind has been impacted by the ones who protect us."James Stuart Bell is a Christian publishing veteran and the owner of Whitestone Communications, a literary development agency...He and his family live in West Chicago, Illinois." (back of the book)
Format:Paperback after receiving this book from Bethany House...I opened it "expecting". And James Stuart Bell did an awesome job of pulling these different stories together. The very first one had me crying and I had to set it down and ponder. I pondered alot with these stories....all except one really thrilled me...and that one I just didn't agree with. You the reader will have to pick this up and decide for yourself which one I didn't agree with, but MORE pick it up for the ones that are uplifting, some unexplainable, most all inspiring, some teaching.....some stories couldn't have happened except for "God". And you see why the Bible says God is all and in all...get this book and learn, cry and laugh...but most of all listen to what God is saying through all of these stories. Great job....James Bell.....
Format:Paperback *~*Important Note*~*If you are a Christian who does *not* believe in the supernatural (i.e., demonic activity or unexplainable -heavenly- protection), then don't bother with this book. You will just read it and give it a bad review. If you are a Christian who *wonders* if there are supernatural experiences, this is a good start. Read it prayerfully.Now on to my review. :)The title states my feelings in a nutshell. I had chills reading some of the experiences in this book. Others were read with a sense of awe and joy, while some were read with skepticism. Yes, I said it, skepticism.I have absolutely no doubt that God and Satan are at work in this world, so those stories are not a problem for me. My questioning relates to the out of body or death/near death experiences and appearances from dead people. Apparently, this is an area I need to reflect on a little more.Pros:You get what you ask for - numerous stories of supernatural experiences.It got me to look back over my life to remember my own experiences (deliverances/protection). Always good to be reminded of God's faithfulness.Cons:As stated before, visits from loved ones are a grey area for me. It reminds me of shows from my childhood like "That's Incredible" that showed ghost stories. Never liked them.Overall, it's a fascinating read and doesn't have to be read all at once. Each experience is given it's own chapter, so the book can be read at your leisure.Bethany House sent me this book to review, but I did not have to give a positive review. All opinions and thoughts about this book are my own.*~*Regarding another reviewer who didn't like the author's burning of occult books in his future in law's home. When reading his review, I agreed with him. After reading the chapter, I disagree. His (now) wife was the one who suggested it - not him. That puts things in a different light - a better one.*~* Read more ›
Lovely little book. Heartwarming, some breathtaking, all ... Lovely little book. Heartwarming, some breathtaking, all interesting, all Miracles!
Published 14 days ago by Lena W
Five Stars A great read ...
Published 15 days ago by Angie Gist
Loved it. Short stories of miracles Just finished this one. Loved it. Short stories of miracles. Very short and attention grabbing.
Published 21 days ago by Marian Joan Yoest
Four Stars Very uplifting. '
Published 28 days ago by Karen Egerton
A little bit "out there" A few bizarre unbelievable stories and a few good ones
Published 1 month ago by Ryan's Mom
Five Stars I love this book!!!
some are good, some great and inspiring As in any compendium of short stories, some are good, some great and inspiring, others not so much. That's the case here. Read more
Published 1 month ago by Paul Rooker
Our Heavenly Father takes care of us More proof of how much our heavenly Father loves us and how his help and inspiration are always nearby. We can always depend on Him.
This is a delightful book to read. It gives ... This is a delightful book to read. It gives you heart warming stories and reassurances that God and His Angels are real and are helping us on a daily basis. Read more
EXCELLENT Excellent collection of inspirational stories of miracles.
Real Life Miracles by Adam Houge Kindle Edition

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text:
Leads Wanted for Fedena School ERP | Bulk Marketing | Internet Marketing | Leads | Marketing | Sales
Leads Wanted for Fedena School ERP
We are a SAAS partner with the School ERP Fedena. We require the service of anyone interested in generating leads or customers who will be interested in Fedena.
Our package includes almost all professional modules of Fedena ERP. Benefits to the institution includes secure hosting on Foradian server, and support from our own team. We will alos assist the school in migrating existing data.
No installation requirements is necessary as the this will be taken care of from our SAAS dashboard. First 20 institutions will also get 100 SMS credit already integrated into their portal. Website can also be created for schools that do not have an existing website at a very low additional cost.
Our charge is very minimal and comes at an incredible low cost of $400.
Affiliates who are able to generate successful leads will be compensated with 15% commission of the price. Which means you may refer us to the school at a higher price and get more commission.
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Project ID: #5157793
Hello Sir, We are a professional company specialized in Data Mining, Web Research, Lead Generation and List building. We have good quality email leads of US schools. At total we have 155K(155,000) direct Email More
Are you selling your products worldwide?
If so I might help market your product in Germany.
If you'd like to work with me feel free to message me whenever you see fit.
I am expert in this field . I will provide you 100% satisfaction .My aim is satisfaction .For previous work sample discuss project with me ....Many Thanks me in advanced for considering my bid ......................
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WordPress SMS Portal ($30-250 USD)
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SMS MESSAGING CAPABILITIES ON AN FELORI SCHOOL PORTAL & BUG FIXING ($150 USD)
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value: This website is an Australian freelance marketplace website, which allows potential employers to post jobs that freelancers can then bid to complete. Founded in 2009, its headquarters is located in Sydney, Australia, though it also has offices in Vancouver, London, Buenos Aires, Manila, and Jakarta.