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Calusa Blueway Paddling Festival enewsletter - The Fort Myers Area Kayaking Group (Cape Coral, FL) | Meetup
Calusa Blueway Paddling Festival enewsletter
Sent on: Friday, October 21, 2011 2:09 PM
Please enjoy the October 2011 Calusa Blueway Paddling Festival newsletter below.
Having trouble viewing this enewsletter? Click HERE to view as web page.
Navigate the Bay
The 2011 Calusa Blueway Paddling Festival is mere weeks away. It’s going to be the highest-quality, best-attended event yet in our six year history. Make plans to join us.
Most of this year’s events happen around the Sanibel Causeway (first island, called by locals and parks types as Island A) and the corridor leading down to the picturesque Causeway.
The best deal is to purchase a four-day pass. Valued at $150-plus, the pass costs $60 and covers your daily admission, trolley ride and admission to evening events. Plus there are lagniappes that come with it such as a subscription to Canoe & Kayak magazine and a waterproof Calusa Blueway decal for your paddlecraft. This pass will look like a blueway-fest ID card hanging on a blue lanyard. Click here.
A day pass will be available as well for $8. This will get you on the trolley to the site and allow you to demo the myriad paddlecraft on Island A. This pass will be a wristband.
Evening events have separate admission. Those without a four-day pass will pay at the door. Each evening event has door prizes galore and more. Click here.
You can buy your four-day pass online now. Click here. (Online sales will stop after Nov. 1.) You can also buy your four-day pass on Nov. 2 at the evening photo event at Rutenberg Park (see below for details) or on Nov. 3 at the Residence Inn by Marriott Fort Myers-Sanibel evening event – our kickoff reception sponsored by O’Brien Subaru. After that, you can buy both day passes and all-inclusive passes at both the Residence Inn and the Causeway Island A site throughout the festival.
Just in time for the 2011 festival, Lee County Parks & Recreation has launched its state-of-the-art smart-phone application to help you navigate the trail. Click here to read more.
The Calusa Blueway Kayak Fishing Tournament is Nov. 5, with the captains’ meeting Nov. 4. New this year: online pre-registration. Grand prize is a Pro Angler fishing kayak from Hobie and Estero River Outfitters. Click here to enter. The Calusa Dash is Nov. 5 and the Calusa Classic is Nov. 6. Check out the details here. Register by clicking here.
GET ARTSY – AND JOIN US EARLY
If you don’t want to wait till Nov. 3 to start the festival, join us Wednesday, Nov. 2, at Rutenberg Park in South Fort Myers for our annual Photo Contest Reception and Speakers’ Event. It’s free and fun for shutterbugs and water-loving, camera-carrying paddlers. Plus at this event, you can buy your four-day pass and your festival event shirts as well as a raffle ticket to win the 16-foot Luna kayak donated by O-Sea-D Aquatic Adventures. Click here for event details. Click here to find out who won.
TAKE A CLUB PADDLE
Several paddling clubs are leading trips. Join Southwest Florida Paddling Club, Tampa Bay Sea Kayakers or Paradise Coast Paddling Club, to name a few. Scroll through the schedule and find what fits your needs. Click here.
Last time, we told you about our great speaker line up this year. See the array of options here. You can check out who is doing what when at our main festival events – such as the Causeway -- by clicking here. Learn to cook better when you kayak with Michael Gray. Learn how to use your GPS with Ken Fink. Talk about efficient core paddling with Greg Stamer. And more!
The festival trolley is your best option to avoid the $6 Sanibel Causeway vehicle toll, and there is very limited parking on Causeway Island A. Check out the trolley schedule here. Race-day parking is available for competitors who arrive during the 7:30 – 10:30 a.m. race registration time. If you can, why not paddle to the site? Launching options are abundant and the paddle to the Causeway is loaded with wildlife. When you get there, a Lee County Parks & Recreation volunteer will keep an eye on your boat while you explore the festival. There will be a designated “parking” area on shore for kayaks, canoes and SUPs. Click here to see a map of launch sites nearby.
Stay tuned at www.calusabluewaypaddlingfestival.com
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Patent US5832513 - Detecting significant file system alterations during execution of a storage ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA method for handling a file system write to a media during execution of a software utility for the media wherein the software utility reads at least one file structure from the media and storing the file structure into a local copy of the file structure. A write monitor driver routine detects the file...http://www.google.com/patents/US5832513?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5832513 - Detecting significant file system alterations during execution of a storage media software utilityAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5832513 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/658,172Publication dateNov 3, 1998Filing dateJun 4, 1996Priority dateJun 4, 1996Fee statusPaidAlso published asWO1997046953A1Publication number08658172, 658172, US 5832513 A, US 5832513A, US-A-5832513, US5832513 A, US5832513AInventorsMark Kevin KennedyOriginal AssigneeSymantec CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (13), Referenced by (54), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDetecting significant file system alterations during execution of a storage media software utility
US 5832513 AAbstract
A method for handling a file system write to a media during execution of a software utility for the media wherein the software utility reads at least one file structure from the media and storing the file structure into a local copy of the file structure. A write monitor driver routine detects the file system write to the media and logs a set of parameters for the file system write. The software utility retrieves the log and determines whether the parameters indicate that the file system write affects the local copy of the file structure and whether a restart is required.
1. A method for handling a file system write to a media during execution of a software utility for the media, comprising the steps of:reading at least one file structure from the media and storing the file structure into a local copy of the file structure; detecting the file system write to the media and logging a set of parameters for the file system write; determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential, requiring a software utility restart. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the file structure is a file allocation table contained on the media.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential includes the step of restarting the software utility if the file system write targets the file allocation table on the media.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the file structure is a directory contained on the media.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential includes the steps of:rereading the directory from the media into the local copy if the file system write targets the directory on the media and if the software utility has not modified the local copy of the directory; restarting the software utility if the file system write targets the directory on the media and if the software utility has modified the local copy of the directory. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the file structure is a file contained on the media.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential includes the steps of:rereading the file from the media into the local copy if the file system write targets the file on the media and if the software utility has read the file into the local copy of the file; rewriting the file to the media from the local copy if the file system write targets the file on the media and if the software utility has written the file from the local copy of the file. 8. An apparatus for handling a file system write to a media during execution of a software utility for the media, comprising:means for reading at least one file structure from the media and storing the file structure into a local copy of the file structure; means for detecting the file system write to the media and logging a set of parameters for the file system write; means for determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential, requiring a software utility restart. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the file structure is a file allocation table contained on the media.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the means for determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential includes means for restarting the software utility if the file system write targets the file allocation table on the media.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the file structure is a directory contained on the media.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the means for determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential comprises:means for rereading the directory from the media into the local copy if the file system write targets the directory on the media and if the software utility has not modified the local copy of the directory; means for restarting the software utility if the file system write targets the directory on the media and if the software utility has modified the local copy of the directory. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the file structure is a file contained on the media.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the means for determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential comprises:means for rereading the file from the media into the local copy if the file system write targets the file on the media and if the software utility has read the file into the local copy of the file; means for rewriting the file to the media from the local copy if the file system write targets the file on the media and if the software utility has written the file from the local copy of the file. 15. A computer readable medium having a set of instructions stored therein, which when executed by a computer, causes the computer to handle a file system write to a media during execution of a software utility for the media by performing the steps of:reading at least one file structure from the media and storing the file structure into a local copy of the file structure; detecting the file system write to the media and logging a set of parameters for the file system write; determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential, requiring a software utility restart. 16. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the file structure is a file allocation table contained on the media.
17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions for determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential includes instructions for restarting the software utility if the file system write targets the file allocation table on the media.
18. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the file structure is a directory contained on the media.
19. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions for determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential includes instructions for:rereading the directory from the media into the local copy if the file system write targets the directory on the media and if the software utility has not modified the local copy of the directory; and restarting the software utility if the file system write targets the directory on the media and if the software utility has modified the local copy of the directory. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the file structure is a file contained on the media.
21. The computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein the instructions for determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is consequential includes instructions for:rereading the file from the media into the local copy if the file system write targets the file on the media and if the software utility has read the file into the local copy of the file; and rewriting the file to the media from the local copy if the file system write targets the file on the media and if the software utility has written the file from the local copy of the file. 22. A method for handling a file system write to a media during execution of a software utility for the media, comprising the steps of:starting execution of said software utility, including reading at least one file structure from the media and storing the file structure into a local copy of the file structure; detecting the file system write to the media and logging a set of parameters for the file system write; periodically, during said execution of said software utility, polling said set of parameters, by said software utility, and determining whether the parameters indicate that the file system write is to a file allocation table, whether the parameters indicate the file system write is to a directory, and whether the file system write is to a file; restarting said software utility if the file system write targets the file allocation table; rereading the directory from the media into the local copy if the file system write targets the directory on the media and if the software utility has not modified the local copy of the directory; restarting the software utility if the file system write targets the directory on the media and if the software utility has modified the local copy of the directory; rereading the file from the media into the local copy if the file system write targets the file on the media and if the software utility has read the file into the local copy of the file; rewriting the file to the media from the local copy if the file system write targets the file on the media and if the software utility has written the file from the local copy of the file. 23. An apparatus for handling a file system write to a media during execution of a software utility for the media, comprising:a media utility that during execution performs a utility operation on a storage media that includes reading at least one file structure from the media and storing the file structure into a local copy of the file structure; a write monitor that traps write accesses to the storage media during media utility execution and logs said write accesses in a write log; said media utility periodically polling said write log and determining if said write accesses are consequential to an executing operation, and if consequential, executing a restart of said executing operation. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said write accesses are consequential if they are write accesses to a file allocation table.
25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said write accesses are consequential if they are write accesses to a directory.
26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said write accesses are consequential if they are write accesses to a directory and if the media utility has not modified a local copy of said directory.
27. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said utility operation is a file recovery operation.
28. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said utility operation is a file defragmentation operation.
The present invention pertains to the fields of computer systems and software. More particularly, this invention relates to the handling of file system writes to a storage media during utility operations on the storage media.
Prior computer systems such as personal computer systems typically include one or more mass storage subsystems. Such mass storage subsystems may include, for example, rotating media disk drives as well as solid state media such as flash memory. In addition, such computer systems typically include software utilities that perform maintenance and other specialized operations for such mass storage subsystems.
For example, such software utilities commonly perform file defragmentation operations on the rotating media of the disk drive or file defragmentation operations on a solid state memory. Such software utilities also commonly perform file recovery operations and error detection operations for such mass storage subsystems.
Typically, application programs executing on such a computer system access such mass storage subsystems by invoking file system services provided by an operating system. Such file system services usually enable application programs to create and to read and write files on the mass storage media. In addition, user interface tasks provided by the operating system usually employ such file system services.
On the other hand, storage media software utilities typically perform direct reads and writes to the storage media and bypass the file system services provided by the operating system. Such a storage media software utility usually reads file structures and file data from the mass storage media and stores local copies of the structures and data in memory. Such a software utility usually performs some user selected maintenance operation which can result in modification of the file structures and rearrangement of files on the disk media.
In addition, some more recently evolved operating systems for personal computers provide multithreaded, preemptive multitasking of individual application programs including such software utilities. One such recently evolved operating system is Windows 95 which is available from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.
In such a preemptively multitasked, multithreaded execution environment, the file structures or data maintained by a storage media software utility may become out of sync with the contents of the storage media. For example, a user interface task or application program typically invokes the file system services of the operating system to perform file system writes to the storage media. Such file system write may occur after the software utility reads file structures and data from storage media and before the software utility writes back to the storage media.
Prior software utilities usually employ operating system services to detect such file system writes to the storage media. For example, Windows 95 provides a storage media locking mechanism. Typically, such a locking mechanism enables the software utilities to poll for writes undertaken by the file system services of the operating system. In response to a poll from the software utility, the locking mechanism provided by Windows 95 returns a true/false indication of whether a file system write operation to the storage media has occurred.
Prior software utilities typically perform a restart if such a file system write is detected. Typically, the directory structure and file information contained in local memory is discarded and then reread upon the restart. Such a restart by a software utility is typically based upon an assumption that the detected file system write was targeted for an area of the storage media that renders stale the local memory copy of that area.
Unfortunately, such restarts typically slow the overall operation of the software utility, even for file system writes to the storage media that do not conflict with the local memory structures maintained by the software utility. In addition, such restarts in response to inconsequential file system writes may be perceived by the user as a deficiency in the software utility.
One object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of software utilities for storage media in a computer system.
Another object of the present invention is to eliminate unnecessary restarts in software utilities caused by inconsequential writes to the storage media.
A further object of the present invention is to eliminate unnecessary restarts of a disk defragmentation utility for the computer system.
These and other objects are provided by a method for handling a file system write to a media during execution of a software utility for the media. The software utility reads at least one file structure from the media and stores the file structure into a local copy of the file structure. A write monitor driver routine detects the file system write to the media and logs a set of parameters for the file system write. The software utility retrieves the log and determines whether the parameters indicate that the file system write affects the local copy of the file structure and whether a restart is required.
FIG. 1 illustrates the computer system which includes a variety of storage media that are maintained by corresponding software utilities;
FIG. 2 illustrates a set of software mechanisms for the computer system that provide detection and handling of significant file system writes during media utility operations;
FIG. 3 provides a detailed software architecture of the computer system in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 represents an example layout of information for a disk volume contained on a disk drive;
FIG. 5 illustrates the functions of the disk write monitor which traps file system writes;
FIG. 6 illustrates the logic implemented in the disk utility application for handling file system writes to a disk volume;
FIG. 7 illustrates the functions of the disk utility application in an embodiment that provides a defragmentation utility.
FIG. 1 illustrates the computer system 10 for one embodiment. The computer system 10 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 12, a physical memory 14, a disk drive 16, a solid-state media 22, and a mass storage device 18.
The computer system 10 also includes a portable media drive 150 that accepts a portable media 151 containing software and related information. The portable media 151 may comprise, for example, a CD-ROM or a floppy disk. The application routines and driver routines disclosed herein may be provided via the portable media 151 or a wide-variety of other computer readable storage media.
For this embodiment, the CPU 12 communicates with the disk drive 16, the solid-state media 22, the portable media drive 150, and the mass storage device 18 via a host bus 20. However, for other embodiments, the CPU 12 communicates with peripheral devices such as the disk drive 16 and the mass storage device 18 and the solid-state media 22 through one or more of a variety of input/output interface circuitry including bus bridge circuits that enable communication between the host bus 20 and a variety of standardized peripheral buses.
The computer system 10 implements a file system structure for the disk drive 16, the mass storage device 18, the portable media drive 150, and the solid state media 22. The disk drive 16 provides a rotating disk magnetic media mass storage for large scale code and data storage for the computer system 10. In one embodiment, the solid state media 22 comprises the flash memory subsystem. The mass storage device 18 represents a variety of other mass storage media.
FIG. 2 illustrates a set of software mechanisms for the computer system 10 that provide detection and handling of significant file system writes during media utility operations. The computer system 10 executes an operating system 130 that maintains a file system on the disk drive 16, the mass storage device 18, and the solid state media 22. For this illustration, a storage media 24 represents either of the disk drive 16, the mass storage device 18, or the solid state media 22. The computer system 10 executes a media utility 120 that in combination with a file system write monitor 140 detects significant file system alterations to the storage media 24.
The operating system 130 includes a set of file system components 132 and a set of input/output components 134. The file system components 132 provide a set of file system services to application programs and other software elements executing on the computer system 10 which are represented by a set of user level software 122. The input/output components 134 include a set of input/output driver routines that enable the file system components 132 and the media utility 120 to perform direct reads and direct writes to the storage media 24.
While the user level software 122 accesses files on the storage media 24 through the file system components 132, the media utility 120 accesses the storage media 24 directly through the input/output components 134. The media utility 120 reads directory and file allocation structures and file data from the storage media 24 via the input/output components 134 and maintains local versions of the directory and file allocation structures and file data in the physical memory 14.
The media utility 120 performs utility-specific functions on the directory and file allocation structures and file data copied into the physical memory 14 and writes the local copies back to the storage media 24. Such functions may include, for example, file defragmentation operations as well as file recovery operations and other types of storage media scanning operations.
The file system write monitor 140 detects the file system writes to the storage system hardware 24 by trapping file system write commands generated by the file system components 132. The file system write monitor 140 logs the file system writes in a file system write log 142. The file system write monitor 140 then passes the trapped file system write commands to the input/output components 134.
The media utility 120 periodically polls the file system write monitor 140 through the an application programming interface (API) 144 to retrieve any information contained in the file system write log 142. The media utility 120 retrieves the information from the file system write log 142 and determines a method of handling the logged file system writes. The media utility 120 classifies each logged file system write and based upon the classification determines whether each particular logged file system write is inconsequential or can be readily integrated with the functions of the media utility 120 or requires a restart.
FIG. 3 illustrates a software architecture of the computer system 10 for one embodiment. The software architecture of the computer system 10 is generally divided into application programs that execute in the Ring 3 user mode of the CPU 12 and operating system components that execute in the Ring 0 privileged mode of the CPU 12. The software architecture shown generally illustrates portions of the Windows 95 operating system model.
The application programs executing in the user mode of the CPU 12 include a virtual machine manager 80 which executes in the privilege mode of the CPU 12 preemptively multitasks set of virtual machines including a virtual machine 30 which is referred to as the system virtual machine 30. The system virtual machine 30 includes a 16 bit window subsystem (WIN16) that enables execution of application programs written to conform to 16 bit Microsoft Windows such as application programs 40-41. The virtual machine 30 also includes a 32 bit windows subsystem (WIN32) that enables execution of application programs compatible with 32 bit Microsoft Windows including applications 50-51 and a disk utility application 60.
In this embodiment, the functionality of the file system write monitor 140 and the file system write log 142 are implemented in a disk write monitor 82. The disk utility application 60 is an application program for the WIN 32 subsystem that optimizes the performance of the disk drive 16 and therefore the computer system 10 by defragmenting files on the disk media of the disk drive 16. The disk utility application 60 directly reads media areas known as clusters from the disk drive 16 and logs the corresponding cluster identifiers in a cluster read list 34. In addition, the disk utility application 60 directly writes clusters on the disk drive 16 and logs the corresponding cluster identifiers in a cluster write list 32.
The operating system 130 for the computer system 10 maintains files on the disk drive 16 using a set of software elements 70-78. The software elements 70-78 are each implemented as virtual device drivers under Windows 95 and are arranged to present to a driver model to the virtual machine manager 80.
The installable file system manager 70 maintains an abstraction of the computer system 10 file system and communicates with a file system driver 86 that enables reading and writing of individual sectors of the disk drive 16. The file system driver 86 maintains a file system structure for the computer system 10 including a file allocation table and a directory structure on the disk drive 16. For one embodiment, the file system driver 86 maintains a virtual file allocation table (VFAT) file structure.
FIG. 4 represents an example layout of information for a disk volume contained on the disk drive 16. The file system driver 86 logically divides the storage media of the disk drive 16 into a series of clusters. For purposes of this illustration, only the clusters 100-123 are shown.
For one embodiment, the disk drive 16 contains a file allocation table (FAT) and a directory structure (DIR) which provide the file system structure for a logical volume. The directory structure stores starting cluster numbers for individual files on the logical volume and the file allocation table provides a link list of cluster numbers that enable the file system driver 86, in one embodiment VFAT, to properly locate individual files on the disk drive 16.
An example set of files A-C is shown wherein file A is a fragmented file that is stored in the clusters 102-105, 107, 112, an 114 of the disk media of the disk drive 16. The disk utility application 60 defragments the file A by copying or cloning the clusters 102-105, 107, 112, an 114 over to a series of contiguous clusters, in this example, clusters 115-121 of the disk media of the disk drive 16.
During cloning, the disk utility application 60 reads the clusters 102-105, 107, 112, an 114 from the disk media of the disk drive 16 into local copes in the physical memory 14 and logs the cluster identifiers 102-105, 107, 112, and 114 into the cluster read list 34. The disk utility application 60 writes the local copies of the clusters 102-105, 107, 112, and 114 from the physical memory 14 to the contiguous clusters 115-121 of the disk media and logs the cluster identifiers 115-121 into the cluster write list 32. Thereafter, the disk utility 60 updates the file allocation table and the directory structure to reflect the new cluster locations of the file A.
The disk utility application 60 obtains the assistance of the disk write monitor 82 which executes in the privileged mode of the CPU 12. The disk utility application 60 dynamically loads the disk write monitor 82 into the physical memory 14 as needed. For an embodiment under Windows 95, the disk write monitor 82 is a linear executable file that the operating system loader marks as non-pageable. The linear page lock of the disk write monitor 82 prevents preemption during certain atomic operations of the disk write monitor 82. The disk write monitor 82 is installed as a virtual device driver and is accessed by the disk utility application 60 through WIN 32 device I/O control (DIOcontrol) calls.
FIG. 5 illustrates the functions of the disk write monitor 82. Upon entry at block 200, the disk write monitor 82 hooks to the IOS send command which is generated by the file system driver 86 and is normally serviced by the input/output supervisor 74.
For one embodiment, the operating system Windows 95 provides a utility that enables virtual device drivers such as the disk write monitor 82 to hook individual services of drivers such as the input/output supervisor 74. The virtual machine manager 80 provides a hook-device-service function that enables the disk write monitor 82 to trap a particular service provided by the input/output supervisor 74, in this case the IOS send command. The hook-device-service function provided by the virtual machine manager 80 inserts a run-time calling address provided by the disk write monitor 82 with the hook-device-service function call into a dispatch table maintained by the virtual machine manager 80. This dispatch table generally includes a list of device drivers and associated services along with dispatch addresses to the appropriate device driver services.
The hook-device-service function provided by the virtual machine manager 80 also returns to the disk write monitor 82 the displaced address for the handler of the IOS send command in the input/output supervisor 74. The virtual device driver 82 saves this displaced address to later pass on the trapped IOS send command and associated parameters to the input/output supervisor 74.
For another embodiment, the disk write monitor 82 inserts itself into the calling sequence of the device driver stack 78. In this embodiment, the disk write monitor 82 imitates the device driver interface (DDI) of one of the device drivers in the device driver stack 78. Such an embodiment offers the advantage that only accesses to the disk drive 16 are trapped rather than all accesses routed through the IOS send command of the input/output supervisor 74.
After the installation of the hook at block 200, any IOS send command from the file system driver 86 is trapped to the disk write monitor 82 according to the address provided by the disk write monitor 82 with the hook-device-service call. Each trapped IOS send command 208 is directed to decision block 202 of the disk write monitor 82. If the parameters associated with the trapped IOS send command 208 indicate a write to the disk drive 16, then control proceeds to block 204. Otherwise, control proceeds to block 206 to pass on the trapped IOS send command 208 to the input/output supervisor 74.
At block 204, the disk write monitor 82 logs the disk IO parameters specified by the trapped IOS send command into the file system write log 142. For one embodiment, the file system driver 86 passes a set of disk I/O parameters to the input/output supervisor 74 with the IOS send command. The parameters specify whether the IOS send command is a write and also specify and area of the disk media of the disk drive 16 for the write. The area of the disk media may be specified by a sector number and a delta value or block length offset for that sector.
Thereafter at block 206, the disk write monitor 82 passes on the IOS send command including the disk I/O parameters to the input/output supervisor 74 using the original IOS send command dispatch address obtained through the hook-device-service function.
FIG. 6 illustrates the logic implemented in the disk utility application 60 for handling file system writes to a disk volume on the disk drive 16. At block 210, the disk utility application 60 obtains an exclusive lock on a logical volume contained on the disk drive 16. In one embodiment, the exclusive lock is obtained from the operating system and is a level 3 lock provided by Windows 95. The exclusive level 3 lock obtained at block 210 prevents writes to the disk drive 16 other than direct writes by the disk utility application 60 through the input/output supervisor 74. Once the level 3 lock is obtained, the operating system prevents any write operation to the locked logical volume from succeeding.
Thereafter, at decision block 212 the disk utility application 60 determines whether the disk write monitor 82 has logged any file system writes to the logical volume on the disk drive 16. If a file system write is not logged at decision block 212 then control proceeds to block 236 to perform the particular input/output operation to the logical volume on the disk drive 16 as required by the disk utility application 60. Otherwise, control proceeds to decision block 214.
The logic illustrated in blocks 214-232 is repeated for each file system write logged by the disk write monitor 82. At decision block 214, the disk utility application 60 determines whether a file system write has been logged to the file allocation table of the logical volume. If such a write to the file allocation table is indicated at decision block 214 then control proceeds to block 216 to restart the disk utility application 60. Otherwise, control proceeds to decision block 218.
At decision block 218, the disk utility application 60 determines whether a file system write has been logged to a directory on the logical volume on the disk drive 16. If a file system write to a directory is detected at decision block 218 then control proceeds to decision block 220. At decision block 220, the disk utility application 60 determines whether the particular directory has been copied from the disk volume into the local memory space in the physical memory 14 and modified in local memory space. It the directory has been modified in local memory space at decision block 220 then control proceeds to block 222 to restart the disk utility application. Otherwise the file system write to the directory is deemed significant but not significant enough to require a restart and so control proceeds to block 224.
At block 224, the disk utility application 60 rereads the directory corresponding to the logged file system write and stores the directory data back into the physical memory 14 to refresh the local memory copy. Control then proceeds to block 236 to perform the particular input/output operation to the logical volume as required by the disk utility application 60.
At decision block 218, if a file system write to a directory is not detected then control proceeds to decision block 226. At decision block 226, the disk utility application 60 determines whether a file system write has been logged to a file on the logical volume of the disk drive 16. The disk utility application 60 detects file system writes to a file by comparing the cluster identifier for the file system write obtained from the file system write log 142 with the information contained in the local copies of the file allocation table and directory structure.
If a file system write to a cluster of a file is detected at decision block 226 then control proceeds to decision block 228. At decision block 228, the disk utility application 60 determines whether the cluster written by the file system has been read and copied into the physical memory 14. The cluster has been read if the cluster identifier logged with the file system write is contained in an entry of the cluster read list 34. If the particular cluster has not been read into the physical memory 14 then the file system write to that cluster is deemed inconsequential and control proceeds to block 236. Otherwise control proceeds to block 230. At block 230, the disk utility application 60 rereads the particular cluster into the physical memory 14 to refresh the local memory copy.
Thereafter at decision block 232, the disk utility application 60 determines whether the cluster has been written from local space in the physical memory 14 to the logical volume on the disk drive 16. The cluster has been written if the cluster identifier of the logged file system write is contained in an entry of the cluster write list 32.
If the cluster has been written at decision block 232 then control proceeds to block 234. At block 234, the disk utility application 60 rewrites the cluster from the local memory space in the physical memory 14 to the logical volume on the disk drive 16. Thereafter control proceeds to block 236.
At block 236, the disk utility application 60 performs the particular input/output operation to the logical volume on the disk drive 16. At block 238, after all the logged file system writes have been processed, the disk utility application 60 removes the exclusive lock on the logical volume on the disk drive 16.
FIG. 7 illustrates the functions of the disk utility application 60 in one embodiment that provides a defragmentation utility. The disk utility application 60 proceeds to block 260 at startup of the disk utility application 60 and upon a restart of the disk utility application 60 at either block 216 or 222.
At block 260, the disk utility application 60 reads the file allocation table and directory structure from the disk volume on the disk drive 16 into a local space in the physical memory 14. Thereafter, at block 262 the disk utility application 60 determines the clusters that correspond to a particular selected file for defragmentation. At block 264 a disk utility application 60 reads the clusters of the selected file into the physical memory 14 and thereafter at block 266 writes the clusters from the physical memory 14 to contiguous clusters on the logical volume on the disk drive 16. Such cluster reads and writes are logged in read and write cluster lists 34 and 32, respectively. During such cloning operations, the disk utility application 60 periodically performs the logic set forth in blocks 210-238 above.
At block 268, the disk utility application 60 updates the file allocation table and directory structure contained in local space in the physical memory 14. At block 270, the disk utility application 60 writes the file allocation table to the logical volume on the disk drive 16 and then at block 272 writes the directory structure to the logical volume on the disk drive 16.
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state of a media device by monitoring file system callsWO2002017070A2 *Aug 23, 2001Feb 28, 2002Red Hat, Inc.Method and apparatus for atomic file look-upWO2002017070A3 *Aug 23, 2001Apr 24, 2003Red Hat IncMethod and apparatus for atomic file look-up* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification1/1, 718/100, 714/E11.136, 707/999.202, 707/999.2, 707/999.001International ClassificationG06F11/14, G06F3/06Cooperative ClassificationY10S707/99953, Y10S707/99931, G06F2003/0697, G06F11/1435, G06F3/0601European ClassificationG06F3/06A, G06F11/14A8FLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 19, 1996ASAssignmentOwner name: SYMANTEC CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KENNEDY, MARK KEVIN;REEL/FRAME:008245/0616Effective date: 19960904Apr 19, 2002FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Apr 26, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Apr 22, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Mar 31, 2014ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SYMANTEC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:032566/0760Effective date: 20130717Owner name: POWER MANAGEMENT ENTERPRISES, LLC, TEXASRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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Patent US4911978 - Polyolefin resin foamed laminate sheet and double-side vacuum forming of the ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA foamed laminate sheet suitable for thermoforming and a double-side vacuum forming process using the same are disclosed, said foamed laminate sheet being composed of a foamed interlayer comprising a polyolefin resin as a main resinous component and from 0.5 to 35 parts by weight of an inorganic filler...http://www.google.com/patents/US4911978?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4911978 - Polyolefin resin foamed laminate sheet and double-side vacuum forming of the sameAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS4911978 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/358,110Publication dateMar 27, 1990Filing dateMay 30, 1989Priority dateMay 30, 1988Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA1293913C, DE68918159D1, DE68918159T2, EP0344726A2, EP0344726A3, EP0344726B1Publication number07358110, 358110, US 4911978 A, US 4911978A, US-A-4911978, US4911978 A, US4911978AInventorsMasahiro Tsubone, Yoshinori Kajimoto, Toru YoshimiOriginal AssigneeSekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (3), Referenced by (41), Classifications (26), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPolyolefin resin foamed laminate sheet and double-side vacuum forming of the same
US 4911978 AAbstract
A foamed laminate sheet suitable for thermoforming and a double-side vacuum forming process using the same are disclosed, said foamed laminate sheet being composed of a foamed interlayer comprising a polyolefin resin as a main resinous component and from 0.5 to 35 parts by weight of an inorganic filler per 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin, said foamed interlayer having a density of from 0.18 to 0.98 g/cm3, and a polyolefin film laminated on both sides of said foamed interlayer. The foamed laminate sheet exhibits excellent formability, and formings obtained therefrom have excellent heat resistance, oil resistance, heat insulating properties, and strength, with outstanding use in a microwave oven or as a retort food container.
1. A foamed laminate sheet suitable for thermoforming, which is composed of a foamed interlayer comprising a polyolefin resin as a main resinous component and from 0.5 to 35 parts by weight of an inorganic filler per 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin, said foamed interlayer having a density of from 0.18 to 0.98 g/cm3, and a polyolefin film laminated on both sides of said foamed interlayer.
9. A process of double-side vacuum forming as claimed in claim 7, wherein said male and female molds are set at a temperature of 50° C. or lower.
This invention relates to a foamed laminate sheet suited for thermoforming, particularly double-side vacuum forming, comprising a foamed interlayer composed mainly of a polyolefin resin and a polyolefin film laminated on both side thereof. It also relates to a process of double-side vacuum forming using such a foamed laminate sheet in which a relatively cheap polypropylene resin is used to provide heat resistant, oil resistant and thermally insulating food containers with high strength which can be used in a microwave oven or as a retort food container.
Known processes for obtaining containers and trays from a thermoplastic resin foamed sheet include a so-called single side vacuum forming technique in which a foamed sheet is heated to cause post-expansion and softening and the foamed sheet is vacuum-formed by the use of a female mold or a male mold to shape it in a desired formed article. However, the foamed sheet decreases with time and also scatters with changes of conditions of preparation of the sheet. Therefore, formings obtained by this process have a scattering thickness, which leads to insufficient strength or poor fitness when piled up, thus resulting in reduced yield of non-defectives.
In order to solve the problems associated with single-side vacuum forming, double-side vacuum forming of thermoplastic resin foamed sheets has been developed as disclosed in JP-B-59-1184 and JP-A-60-192615 (the term "JP-B" as used herein means an "examined published Japanese patent application" and the term "JP-A" means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application"), in which a pair of forming molds with a prescribed gap therebetween and having a clamping frame at the periphery thereof are used, the male mold being set at 50° to 60° C., a heated and plasticized thermoplastic resin foamed sheet is clamped between the male and female molds, the gap is evacuated from the both molds to thereby adibatically expand the sheet to the full of the gap to give a prescribed shape, the formed sheet is cooled, a gas is introduced into the mold cavity to raise the pressure to atmospheric pressure, the molds are opened, and the formed article is removed. The above-cited references describe that the double-side vacuum forming technique produces formings from a foamed sheet of a thermoplastic resin, such as polystyrene and polymers mainly comprising styrene, or a foamed laminate sheet composed of such a foamed sheet and a thermoplastic resin film.
One object of this invention is to eliminate the above-described disadvantages and to provide a polyolefin resin foamed laminate sheet which can provide formings, such as food containers and trays, excellent in heat resistance, oil resistance, thermal insulating properties, and strength.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section of a mold to be used for double-side vacuum forming.
The interlayer of the polyolefin resin foamed laminate sheet of the present invention is a foamed sheet comprising a polyolefin resin as a main resinous component. The polyolefin resin to be used includes polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, polymethyl-pentene, mixtures of these polymers, and olefin copolymers having an olefin content of at least 50% by weight, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-methacrylate copolymers, ethylene-propylene-terpolymers, and ethylene-propylene rubbers.
It is desirable that the foamed laminate sheet of the present invention has a percent heat shrinkage as small as possible so as to have high retention of dimension after heat shrinkage. It is also desirable that the shrinkage in the machine direction and that in the cross direction are substantially equal. For example, the foamed laminate sheet preferably has a percent retention of at least 50% and a residual dimension ratio of at least 0.7. The terminology "percent retention" as used herein means a percentage of the dimension after shrinkage to the original dimension in the machine or cross direction when the sheet is heated at 190° C. for 30 minutes. If the percent retention is less than 50%, the percent shrinkage on heating and softening becomes too great to make it difficult to form the sheet to shape. The terminology "residual dimension ratio" as used herein means a ratio of the shorter dimension after heat shrinkage in either the machine direction or the cross direction to the longer dimension in the other direction. If the residual dimension ratio is less than 0.7, the sheets tends to have poor stretchability on forming and the resulting formings tend to have defective appearance. These criteria can be adjusted by controlling the amount of the inorganic filler or the ratio of polyolefin to polystyrene in the foamed layer, the size of a mold, and the like.
The double-side vacuum forming in accordance with the present invention is illustrated below. The gap between the female and male molds is preferably set at 1.0 to 2.5 times, more preferably 2.0 times, the thickness of the heated and softened foamed laminate sheet. The foamed laminate sheet is clamped at the four corners and previously heated and softened at a temperature between 160° and 190° C. and then transferred to the open space between the molds. At this time, the gap between the molds is desirably 1.0 to 2.5 times, more desirably 2.0 times, the thickness of the heated and softened laminate sheet as stated above. This gap has an influence on strength of the resulting post-expanded and formed article. If it exceeds 2.5 times the thickness of the sheet, the degree of expansion becomes too high, resulting in extremely reduced bending strength. If it is less than 1.0 time, no contribution to improvement of bending strength can be obtained. The mold temperature is preferably 50° C. or lower. In the previously described double-side vacuum forming of polystyrene resin sheets, the mold temperature is set at 50° to 60° C. for evacuation from the mold surfaces to cause post-expansion and cooling. To the contrary, in the present invention in which the formable sheet is composed of a foamed sheet of polyolefin resins, e.g., polypropylene, laminated on both sides thereof a polyolefin film, since polypropylene resins have a large specific heat and poor cooling efficiency, mold temperatures of 50° C. or higher brings no increase of cycle speed but deformation of the laminate sheet. However, too a low mold temperature functions to cool the heated and softened sheet to lose plasticity, thus failing to achieve sufficient vacuum forming. From all these considerations, a suitable mold temperature ranges from about 35° to 45° C. The degree of vacuum in the cavity is usually 500 mmHg vac. or more.
The process of the vacuum forming according to the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 2. Foamed laminate sheet 1 composed of a polypropylene resin foamed interlayer having adhered a polypropylene film to both sides thereof is heated and softened at 300° C. for 45 to 50 seconds by means of a far infrared heater. The heated foamed sheet is transferred to the open space between a pair of molds 2, 3 (FIG. 2-a). The molds used here are matching male and female molds. Female mold 2 is connected to a suction apparatus to perform straight vacuum forming (FIG. 2-b). The peripheries of the both molds are then matched (FIG. 2-c), and the cavity is evacuated from male mold 3 to cause expansion-in-mold to obtain a formed article 11 (FIG. 2-d). During the forming the mold temperature is kept at 50° C. or lower, preferably 40° C. After complete expansion, the pressure of the cavity is returned to atmospheric pressure, and the formed article 11 is removed from the molds.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________                              MIDesig-                             Value Measurementnation    Kind of Polymer       Trade Name               Grade                    Manufacturer                              (g/10 min)                                    Method__________________________________________________________________________A   Polypropylene       Sumitomo               D-501                    Sumitomo  0.4   JIS K-6758       Noblen ® Chemical        230° C., 2.16 kg                    Co., Ltd.B   Polypropylene       Sumitomo               FH-1015                    Sumitomo  0.5   JIS K-6758       Noblen ® Chemical        230° C., 2.16 kg                    Co., Ltd.C   Styrene-maleic       More Max ®               UG-830                    Idemitsu  1.8   JIS K-7210    anhydride            Petrochemical   230° C., 2.16 kg    copolymer            Co., Ltd.D   Styrene-       AX Polymer               AX-T Asahi Chemical                              3.7   JIS K-7210    methacrylic     100  Industry Co., Ltd.                                    230° C., 2.16 kg    acid copolymerE   Polystyrene       Styron ®               8703 Asahi Chemical                              1.6   JIS K-6870                                    200° C., 5 kg                                    -    Industry Co.,                                    Ltd.  200° C., 5 kgF   α-Methyl-       HS Polymer               HS-400                    Denki Kagaku                              2.1   Denka Method    styrene              Kogyo K.K.      250° C., 5 kgG   Saturated       Taftic ®               H-1011                    Asahi Chemical                              13.9  JIS K-7210    thermoplastic        Industry Co., Ltd.                                    230° C., 5 kg    elastomerH   Polypropylene       Sumitomo               FS-2011                    Sumitomo Chemical                              2.5   JIS K-6758       Noblen ® Co., Ltd.       230° C., 2.16 kgI   Polypropylene       Sumitomo               AD-571                    Sumitomo Chemical                              0.6   JIS K-6758       Noblen ® Co., Ltd.       230° C., 2.16 kgJ   Polyethylene       Yukalon ®               HE-30                    Mitsubishi                              0.27  ASTM D1238                    Petrochemical   190° C., 2.16 kg                    Co., Ltd.K   Polyethylene       Petrothene ®               172J Tosoh     0.38  ASTM D1238                    Corporation     190° C., 2.16 kgL   Polyethylene       Lumirror ®               F 86 Toray Industries,                              --    --    terephthalate        Inc.    filmM   Polypropylene/       Barielon ® CX               μ Asahi Chemical                              --    --    polyvinylidene       Industry Co., Ltd.    chloride/poly-    propylene__________________________________________________________________________
A polymer mixture consisting of 40 parts of a polypropylene resin A, 30 parts of a polypropylene resin B, 25 parts of a polystyrene resin C, and 5 parts of a saturated thermoplastic elastomer G was uniformly mixed with 12.5 parts of talc as an inorganic filler in an extruder. To the resin composition was added 0.6% by weight of butane (hereinafter abbreviated as "C4") as a blowing agent and the resulting foaming compound was supplied to an extruder. Separately, 55 parts of a polypropylene resin H and 45 parts of a block polypropylene resin I were uniformly mixed in an extruder to prepare a film-forming resin. The above-prepared foaming compound and the film-forming resin were co-extruded to obtain a foamed laminate sheet. The extrusion of the foaming compound was carried out at a resin temperature of 203° C. and at an output ratio of 90 kg/hr. The resulting foamed laminate sheet had a thickness of 1290 μm [50 μm/1185 μm (foamed interlayer)/55 μm] and a basis weight of 608 g/m2 [46/512 (foamed interlayer)/50 g/m2 ], and the foamed interlayer had a density of 0.41 g/cm3 and an open cell ratio of 52%.
A 100 mm-square piece was cut out of the foamed laminate sheet and heated in an oven at 190° C. for 30 minutes. The residual dimension was 56 mm in the machine direction (MD) and 58 mm in the transverse direction (TD), giving a residual dimension ratio MD/TD of 0.97. The foamed laminate sheet had a smooth surface with no bubbles due to gas entrapment.
The foamed laminate sheet as above produced was clamped at the four corners and heated and softened at 300° C. for about 50 seconds by means of a far infrared heater. The sheet heated and softened had a thickness of about 1.2 mm. The sheet heated and softened was double-side vacuum formed into a container by using matched male and female molds. The female mold had a cavity size of 157×124 mm and a depth of 30 mm, and the gap without clamping of the sheet between the male and female molds was 1.5 mm at the bottom part and 1.0 mm at the upright part. The sheet was first subjected to straight vacuum forming using the female mold set at 40° C. After the periphery of the female mold was matched with the periphery of the male mold also set at 40° C., the cavity was evacuated from the vacuum ports provided in both molds to a reduced pressure of 550 mmHg vac. for a matching time of 10 seconds to effect double-side vacuum forming. The sheet exhibited satisfactory formability.
The tray had a density of 0.33 g/cm3. When it was heated in a Geer oven set at 130° C. for 30 minutes, the dimensional change was within 2%, proving of excellent heat resistance of the tray. These results are shown in Table 2.
A foamed laminate sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except for changing the composition of the foaming compound for the foamed interlayer and the composition of the film-forming resin material as shown in Table 2. The properties of the foamed laminate sheet and formability in double-side vacuum forming as carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 2.
In Example 15, polyethylene terephthalate films were coated on the both sides of a foamed layer in a separate step; in Example 16, a polypropylene/polyvinylidene chloride/polypropylene laminate film was laminated on one side of a film/foamed layer/film foamed laminate sheet in a separate step; and in Example 14, forming was carried out by use of a far infrared heater of 180° C. for about 50 seconds.
The abbreviate "H.C" for the blowing agent used in Examples 9 and 10 signifies Hydrocellol® (a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, made by Beringer AG).
A foamed laminate sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except for using the inorganic filler in an amount less than (Comparative Example 1) or more than (Comparative Example 2) the range specified in the present invention. The properties of the resulting foamed laminate sheets and their formability in double-side vacuum forming as carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2-(1)__________________________________________________________________________               Example 1                      Example 2                             Example 3                                    Example 4                                           Example__________________________________________________________________________                                           5Resin Composition:Foamed Interlayer (part)               A/B/C/G =                      B/C/G =                             B/C = 75/25                                    A/B/C/G =                                           A/B/C/G =               40/30/25/5                      70/25/5       40/45/10/5                                           40/5/50/5External Film Layer (part)               H/I = 55/45                      H/I = 55/45                             H/I = 55/45                                    H/I = 55/45                                           H/I = 55/45Amount of Talc (part)               12.5   0.5    0.5    12.5   12.5Blowing Agent (% by wt.)               C4 0.6                      C4 0.8                             C4 0.1                                    C4 0.5                                           C4 0.7Temp. of Foaming Resin (°C.)               203    202    202    201    200Extrusion Output (kg/hr)               90     90     91     89     92Total Thickness (μm)               1290   2954   2428   1161   2659(Film/Foamed Layer/Film)               50/1185/55                      51/2847/55                             50/2326/52                                    49/1059/53                                           50/2555/54Total Basis Weight (g/cm3)               608    608    602    601    605(Film/Foamed Layer/Film)               46/512/50                      46/512/50                             45/510/47                                    44/509/48                                           45/511/49Density of Foamed Layer (g/cm3)               0.41   0.18   0.22   0.48   0.20Open Cell Ratio (%) 52     30     35     56     48Residual Dimension (190° C. × 30 min.):MD                  56     52     55     62     60TD                  58     74     71     63     72MD/TD               0.97   0.70   0.77   0.98   0.83Dimensional Change (130° C. × 30 min.)               within 2%                      within 2%                             within 2%                                    within 2%                                           within 2%Appearance of Sheet excellent                      good   good   excellent                                           excellentBubble              good   good   good   good   goodThickness of Formed Article (mm)bottom part         1.8    4.4    3.2    1.6    4.1upright part        1.2    2.9    2.2    1.1    2.7Density of Foamed Layer of               0.33   0.14   0.19   0.38   0.15Formed Article (g/cm3)Appearance of Formed Article               excellent                      good   good   excellent                                           excellent__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2-(2)__________________________________________________________________________               Example 6                      Example 7                             Example 8                                    Example 9                                           Example__________________________________________________________________________                                           10Resin Composition:Foamed Interlayer (part)               A/B/D/G =                      A/B/F/G =                             A/B/E/G =                                    B/C/G =                                           B/C/G =               40/30/25/5                      40/30/25/5                             40/30/25/5                                    70/25/5                                           70/25/5External Film Layer (part)               H/I = 55/45                      H/I = 55/45                             H/I = 55/45                                    H/I = 55/45                                           H/I = 55/45Amount of Talc (part)               12.5   12.5   12.5   0.5    0.5Blowing Agent (% by wt.)               C4 0.6                      C4 0.7                             C4 0.8                                    (H.C) 0.3                                           C4 0.6 + H.C 0.3Temp. of Foaming Resin (°C.)               202    202    201    208    201Extrusion Output (kg/hr)               91     90     92     89     90Total Thickness (μm)               1442   1316   1263   1064   2783(Film/Foamed Layer/Film)               52/1336/54                      50/1214/52                             50/1160/53                                    48/964/52                                           52/2674/57Total Basis Weight (g/cm3)               604    603    604    601    606(Film/Foamed Layer/Film)               47/508/49                      46/510/47                             45/511/48                                    43/511/47                                           47/508/51Density of Foamed Layer (g/cm3)               0.38   0.42   0.44   0.53   0.19Open Cell Ratio (%) 54     58     61     31     53Residual Dimension (190° C. × 30 min.):MD                  54     56     57     61     54TD                  57     58     60     64     73MD/TD               0.95   0.97   0.95   0.95   0.74Dimensional Change (130° C. × 30 min.)               within 2%                      within 2%                             within 2%                                    within 2%                                           within 2%Appearance of Sheet excellent                      excellent                             good   excellent                                           excellentBubble              good   good   good   good   goodThickness of Formed Article (mm)bottom part         2.0    1.8    1.7    1.5    3.8upright part        1.3    1.2    1.1    1.0    2.5Density of Foamed Layer of               0.31   0.34   0.36   0.41   0.16Formed Article (g/cm3)Appearance of Foamed Article               excellent                      excellent                             good   excellent                                           excellent__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2-(3)__________________________________________________________________________                                              Compara-                                                    Compara-                                              tive  tive        Example 11              Example 12                    Example 13                          Example 14                                Example 15                                       Example 16                                              Example                                                    Example__________________________________________________________________________                                                    2Resin Composition:Foamed Interlayer        B/C/G =              A/B/C =                    A/B/C =                          J = 100                                B/C/G =                                       A/B/C/G =                                              B/C/G                                                    A = 100(part)       70/25/5              40/35/25                    40/35/25                          70/25/5                                70/25/5                                       40/30/25/5External Film layer        H/I=55/45              H/I=55/45                    H/I=55/45                          K = 100                                L      H/I=55/45                                              H/I=55/45                                                    H/I=55/45(part)                                      M = 5Amount of Talc (part)        0.5   35    30    5     5      12.5   0.2   40Blowing Agent        C4 0.8              C4 0.5                    C4 0.6                          C4 0.5                                C4 0.8                                       C4 0.6                                              C4                                                    C4 0.5(% by wt.)Temp. of Foaming Resin        198   203   202   120   203    202    202   204(°C.)Extrusion Output (kg/hr)        93    90    91    91    91     90     90    89Total Thickness (μm)        2414  626   1120  2235  2913   1355   2642  617(Film/Foamed Layer/        51/2305/58              52/514/60                    51/1010/59                          49/2126/60                                *25/2863/25                                       55/1185/                                              53/2530/59                                                    51/513/53Film)                                       55/60Total Basis Weight        605   605   604   605   585    666    607   602(g/cm3) (Film/Foamed        46/507/52              47/504/54                    46/505/53                          45/505/55                                35/515/35                                       50/512/                                              48/506/53                                                    46/508/48Layer/Film)                                 50/54Density of Foamed Layer        0.22  0.98  0.5   0.31  0.36   0.41   0.20  0.99(g/cm3)Open Cell Ratio (%)        35    95    91    33    30     52     22    98Residual Dimension(190° C. × 30 min.):MD           38    85    60    54    56     55     41    91                          (120° C. ×                                (200° C. ×                          30 min.)                                30 min.)TD           76    87    65    76    75     76     74    92MD/TD        0.50  0.98  0.92  0.71  0.75   0.72   0.55  0.99Dimensional Change        within 2%              within 2%                    within 2%                          within 2%                                within 2%                                       within 2%                                              within                                                    within 2%(130° C. × 30 min.)                          (80° C. ×                                (135° C. ×                          30 min.)                                30 min.)Appearance of Sheet        good  good  excellent                          good  good   excellent                                              poor  poorBubble       good  good  good  good  good   good   good  poorThickness of FormedArticle (mm)bottom part  3.4   0.9   1.5   3.4   4.4    1.8    3.6   0.9upright part 2.3   0.6   1.0   2.3   2.9    1.2    2.4   0.6Density of Foamed        0.18  0.67  0.39  0.23  0.28   0.32   0.17  0.70Layer of FormedArticle (g/cm3)Appearance of Foamed        fair  good  excellent                          good  good   excellent                                              poor  poorArticle__________________________________________________________________________
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4288490 *Mar 16, 1976Sep 8, 1981Dynamit Nobel AktiengesellschaftEngine hood lining for automotive vehiclesUS4432580 *Jun 18, 1981Feb 21, 1984Firma Carl FreudenbergInterior lining for motor vehiclesJPS63126739A * Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5034269 *Apr 4, 1990Jul 23, 1991Wheeler Richard WProcess for the manufacture of paint-coated film and product produced therefromUS5393603 *Mar 3, 1993Feb 28, 1995Oji Yuki Goseishi Co., Ltd.Laminated resin sheet and process for producing the sameUS5598940 *May 16, 1995Feb 4, 1997Tri-Seal International, Inc.Cap liner for hot filled container and method of makingUS5601200 *Sep 6, 1991Feb 11, 1997Tri-Seal International, Inc.Cap liner for hot filled container and methodUS5615789 *Mar 16, 1994Apr 1, 1997Tri-Seal International, Inc.Cap liner for hot filled container and method of makingUS5861201 *Nov 24, 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Enterprise Co., Ltd.Forming method for fiber reinforced resinUS20090263645 *Jul 12, 2007Oct 22, 2009Dow Global Technologies Inc.Anisotropic Foam-Film Composite StructuresUS20110015051 *Sep 16, 2010Jan 20, 2011Dixie Consumer Products LlcApparatus for making paperboard pressware with controlled blank feedEP3189953A1 *Jan 4, 2017Jul 12, 2017PaperFoam Holding B.V.Method and apparatus for coating products and coated products* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification428/317.9, 428/159, 428/36.5, 428/319.9, 156/285, 264/321, 264/512, 428/319.7International ClassificationB29C51/10, B29C51/14, B32B5/18, B32B27/32, B29C51/00, B29C44/16Cooperative ClassificationY10T428/249992, Y10T428/249993, Y10T428/249986, Y10T428/24504, B29C44/16, Y10T428/1376, B32B5/18, B29C51/14, B29C51/10European ClassificationB29C51/14, B32B5/18, B29C44/16Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 30, 1989ASAssignmentOwner name: SEKISUI KASEIHIN KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA, 25, MINAMFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:TSUBONE, MASAHIRO;KAJIMOTO, YOSHINORI;YOSHIMI, TORU;REEL/FRAME:005085/0903Effective date: 19890522Sep 13, 1993FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 15, 1997FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Oct 16, 2001REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedMar 27, 2002LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesMay 21, 2002FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20020327RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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ALL NEW ITEM HEDDON PUNKINSEED X9630 COLECTORS EDITION SET 2 ORNAMENT LURES | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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