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Patent US6364766 - Gaming machine with sorting feature - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA gaming machine comprises at least one visual display (mechanical or video) and a game of chance controlled by a processor in response to a wager. The game of chance includes a primary game and a sorting feature. The sorting feature is triggered by certain start-feature outcomes of the primary game....http://www.google.com/patents/US6364766?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6364766 - Gaming machine with sorting featureAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6364766 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/631,322Publication dateApr 2, 2002Filing dateAug 3, 2000Priority dateAug 3, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS6685561, US7112135, US7427235, US20020037764, US20040142738, US20060252487, US20060252492Publication number09631322, 631322, US 6364766 B1, US 6364766B1, US-B1-6364766, US6364766 B1, US6364766B1InventorsPeter Anderson, Michael P. Casey, Erica A. Frohm, Jason C. Gilmore, Damon E. Gura, Darryl W. Hughes, Joel R. Jaffe, Ian M. SimmonsOriginal AssigneeWms Gaming Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (194), Classifications (15), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetGaming machine with sorting featureUS 6364766 B1Abstract A gaming machine comprises at least one visual display (mechanical or video) and a game of chance controlled by a processor in response to a wager. The game of chance includes a primary game and a sorting feature. The sorting feature is triggered by certain start-feature outcomes of the primary game. The sorting feature includes a collection of scrambled objects, such as letters, symbols, pictures, or puzzle pieces, that are at least partially sorted during operation of the sorting feature. The sorting feature generates an award, such as a payoff, a payoff multiplier, or extended play, if the sorted objects match predetermined criteria.
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2003IgtGaming device having a multiple round game that includes player choices and processor choicesUS6682073 *Feb 6, 2002Jan 27, 2004Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty Ltd.Gaming machine with tool featureUS6746327May 6, 2003Jun 8, 2004Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming machine with player selected eventsUS6767283 *Sep 13, 2000Jul 27, 2004Casino Data SystemsGaming device and method having a plurality of serially dependent and independent bonusesUS6783458Jun 16, 2003Aug 31, 2004IgtMethod of operating a multiple round game that includes player choices and game choicesUS6786818 *Nov 14, 2000Sep 7, 2004Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming machine with interacting symbols on symbol arrayUS6786819 *Feb 28, 2002Sep 7, 2004IgtApparatus and method of operating a gaming device having a central game and a plurality of peripheral gamesUS6802775 *Jun 17, 2003Oct 12, 2004IgtGaming device having an element and element group selection and elimination bonus schemeUS6832959Jul 18, 2003Dec 21, 2004IgtGaming device having tease reveal featureUS6913532Oct 15, 2001Jul 5, 2005IgtGaming device having a re-triggering symbol bonus schemeUS6918832 *Apr 8, 2003Jul 19, 2005IgtGaming device with traveling reel symbolsUS6918834 *Mar 14, 2002Jul 19, 2005Mikohn Gaming CorporationCasino game with hidden bonus featureUS6929545 *Jul 16, 2002Aug 16, 2005Mikohn Gaming CorporationCasino game with hidden bonus featureUS6955600Feb 8, 2002Oct 18, 2005IgtGaming device having a re-triggering symbol bonus scheme with a bonus symbol accumulatorUS6971955 *Mar 12, 2003Dec 6, 2005IgtGaming device having apparatus and method for producing an award through award elimination or replacementUS6986710Oct 4, 2004Jan 17, 2006IgtGaming device having an element and element group selection and elimination bonus schemeUS7011581 *Dec 10, 2002Mar 14, 2006Cole Joseph WGaming device having main game activating a bonus eventUS7037191May 1, 2002May 2, 2006IgtGaming device having multiple pay slotsUS7052395 *Mar 14, 2002May 30, 2006IgtGaming device having different sets of primary and secondary reel symbolsUS7056214Nov 12, 2004Jun 6, 2006IgtGaming device having an accumulating award symbolUS7066811 *Mar 6, 2002Jun 27, 2006Defrees-Parrott TroyGaming machine with active pay-table and method thereforUS7077745May 29, 2003Jul 18, 2006Wms Gaming Inc.Slot machine with win completion featureUS7104886Jul 30, 2004Sep 12, 2006IgtGaming device having an element and element group selection and elimination bonus schemeUS7104888Nov 12, 2004Sep 12, 2006IgtGaming device having an accumulating award symbolUS7160187Dec 17, 2002Jan 9, 2007Wms Gaming IncGaming machine with superimposed display imageUS7160188 *Jun 12, 2003Jan 9, 2007IgtGaming device having a multiple selection and award distribution bonus schemeUS7182689Jul 18, 2003Feb 27, 2007IgtGaming device having a bonus scheme with multiple selection groupsUS7182690May 26, 2004Feb 27, 2007Wms Gaming Inc.System and method for saving status of paused game of chanceUS7192345Dec 7, 2001Mar 20, 2007Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty Ltd.Reel strip interactionUS7238110Aug 4, 2005Jul 3, 2007IgtGaming device having a re-triggering symbol bonus scheme with a bonus symbol accumulatorUS7247093Sep 12, 2002Jul 24, 2007IgtGaming device having a mechanical secondary displayUS7247096Aug 9, 2005Jul 24, 2007Progressive Gaming International CorporationMethod for awarding a player responding to a hidden bonus game feature that interrupts casino game playUS7273415Sep 12, 2002Sep 25, 2007IgtGaming device having a bonus scheme with multiple selection groupsUS7297058Jul 15, 2003Nov 20, 2007Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming machine with integrated displayUS7300348Jul 31, 2002Nov 27, 2007IgtGaming device having a masked award gameUS7303469Dec 20, 2002Dec 4, 2007IgtGaming device having a multiple selection group bonus roundUS7306518Dec 20, 2002Dec 11, 2007IgtGaming device having an interactive sequence game with a multiple function multiplierUS7314409 *Jul 30, 2003Jan 1, 2008IgtGaming device having a selectable combination bonus gameUS7331863Aug 20, 2003Feb 19, 2008IgtGaming device having related award component selectionUS7331867Jun 17, 2005Feb 19, 2008IgtGaming device having a re-triggering symbol bonus schemeUS7331868Sep 13, 2002Feb 19, 2008IgtWagering gaming device providing physical stimulation responses to various components of the gaming deviceUS7338367Nov 11, 2004Mar 4, 2008IgtGaming device having an accumulated award selection bonus schemeUS7338369Jun 2, 2006Mar 4, 2008IgtGaming device having an accumulating award symbolUS7351141Apr 28, 2006Apr 1, 2008IgtGaming device having multiple pay slotsUS7357712Aug 20, 2004Apr 15, 2008IgtMethod and gaming device of operating a multiple round game that includes diminishing selection setsUS7371166 *Oct 16, 2000May 13, 2008IgtGaming device having a multi-round bonus scheme wherein each round has a probability of successUS7371168Oct 5, 2001May 13, 2008IgtGaming apparatus and method of gaming including interactive gaming symbols for producing different outcomesUS7381134Aug 27, 2003Jun 3, 2008IgtGaming device having a multi-function free game bonusUS7384334May 9, 2006Jun 10, 2008IgtGaming device having different sets of primary and secondary reel symbolsUS7402102Aug 28, 2003Jul 22, 2008IgtGaming device having multiple symbols at a single symbol positionUS7425177Sep 29, 2004Sep 16, 2008IgtGaming device having multiple interacting independently operable wheelsUS7427235 *Jul 6, 2006Sep 23, 2008Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming machine with sorting featureUS7431649Sep 12, 2002Oct 7, 2008IgtGaming device having a wheel with multiple indicatorsUS7458890May 25, 2007Dec 2, 2008Wms Gaming Inc.Reel spinning slot machine with superimposed video imageUS7473173Sep 20, 2004Jan 6, 2009IgtGaming device having concentric reels including an outer reel with display areas having different sizes and positionsUS7473174Sep 29, 2004Jan 6, 2009IgtGaming device having a re-triggering symbol bonus scheme with a bonus symbol accumulation and player selection of accumulation totalUS7488247Dec 7, 2007Feb 10, 2009IgtGaming device having an interactive sequence game with a multiple function multiplierUS7488248Dec 7, 2007Feb 10, 2009IgtGaming device having an interactive sequence game with a multiple function multiplierUS7488249Dec 7, 2007Feb 10, 2009IgtGaming device having an interactive sequence game with a multiple function multiplierUS7494411Dec 9, 2004Feb 24, 2009IgtGaming device having tease reveal featureUS7494413Feb 20, 2003Feb 24, 2009IgtSlot machine game having a plurality of ways for a user to obtain payouts for one or more additional pay lines formed by the appearance of special symbols in a symbol matrixUS7497439 *Aug 11, 2006Mar 3, 2009Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty LtdGaming device and method featuring chess indiciaUS7503847Sep 8, 2003Mar 17, 2009IgtGaming device having convertible reel symbolsUS7510475Nov 7, 2003Mar 31, 2009Wms Gaming, Inc.Gaming machine with superimposed display imageUS7544129Sep 8, 2003Jun 9, 2009IgtGaming device having multiple selection groups with related picksUS7575514Aug 20, 2004Aug 18, 2009IgtGaming device having a matrix and symbol generatorUS7578735 *Sep 28, 2004Aug 25, 2009IgtGaming device having a game including a rearrangement pathUS7578737 *May 9, 2008Aug 25, 2009IgtGaming device having a multiple symbol swapping gameUS7578741Sep 10, 2004Aug 25, 2009IgtWagering gaming device providing physical and visual stimulation responses to various components of the gaming deviceUS7585218Sep 12, 2003Sep 8, 2009IgtGaming device having multiple selection groups with randomly aligning advancesUS7585220Dec 1, 2006Sep 8, 2009Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming machine with superimposed display imageUS7585221Jul 17, 2008Sep 8, 2009IgtSlot machine game having a plurality of ways for a user to obtain payouts for one or more additional pay lines formed by the appearance of special symbols in a symbol matrixUS7591722Sep 8, 2003Sep 22, 2009IgtGaming device having board and converting chip gameUS7597618Sep 27, 2004Oct 6, 2009IgtGaming device having a primary game scheme involving a symbol generator and secondary award wheelsUS7604539 *Sep 7, 2005Oct 20, 2009IgtGaming device having a puzzle function operable to indicate information related to a game eventUS7607980Nov 8, 2004Oct 27, 2009IgtGaming device having free potential winning combinationsUS7614947Sep 1, 2004Nov 10, 2009IgtApparatus and method of operating a gaming device having a central game and a plurality of peripheral gamesUS7618313 *May 27, 2004Nov 17, 2009Ghaly Nabil NElectronic word puzzleUS7625281Dec 10, 2007Dec 1, 2009IgtGaming apparatus and method of gaming including interactive gaming symbols for producing different outcomesUS7654899Aug 30, 2007Feb 2, 2010Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with simulated mechanical reelsUS7666082Nov 30, 2004Feb 23, 2010Gamelogic Inc.Method and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS7690978Sep 22, 2008Apr 6, 2010IgtGaming device having a wheel with multiple indicatorsUS7690981Sep 29, 2004Apr 6, 2010IgtGaming device having a player selection gameUS7713118Mar 31, 2005May 11, 2010Mickey RoemerTimed gaming eventUS7731580Oct 4, 2004Jun 8, 2010IgtGaming device with multiple orbit award indicatorUS7731584Jun 23, 2006Jun 8, 2010IgtGaming device having regenerating multiple award opportunitiesUS7744454Nov 12, 2004Jun 29, 2010IgtGaming device having an accumulating award symbolUS7753784 *Aug 24, 2009Jul 13, 2010IgtGaming device having progressive awards and supplemental awardsUS7753792 *Jun 7, 2006Jul 13, 2010IgtSystem and method for automated play of multiple gaming devicesUS7766739 *Dec 30, 2004Aug 3, 2010Gamelogic, Inc.Method and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS7771264Nov 30, 2004Aug 10, 2010Gamelogic Inc.Method and apparatus for conducting a wagering game of chance including a prize wheel gameUS7771266 *Sep 11, 2003Aug 10, 2010IgtGaming device having a multiple accumulated symbols gameUS7785185Dec 20, 2007Aug 31, 2010IgtGaming device having a wheel with multiple indicatorsUS7789747Jun 29, 2007Sep 7, 2010IgtGaming device having a re-triggering symbol bonus scheme with a bonus symbol accumulatorUS7794317Sep 30, 2004Sep 14, 2010IgtGaming device having award generation with multiple indicators and indicator determination deviceUS7794320Sep 14, 2004Sep 14, 2010IgtGaming device having a plurality of symbol generators and accumulation game with multiple independent terminating conditionsUS7806760Aug 27, 2003Oct 5, 2010IgtGaming device having a multiple selectable indicator gameUS7811167Sep 12, 2006Oct 12, 2010Wms Gaming Inc.System and method for saving status of paused game of chanceUS7815502Dec 28, 2006Oct 19, 2010Gamelogic Inc.Method and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS7819747Dec 8, 2006Oct 26, 2010Gamelogic Inc.Method and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS7824261May 25, 2005Nov 2, 2010Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machine with second symbols substitutable for first symbols during a feature gameUS7824262Jan 25, 2007Nov 2, 2010IgtGaming device having a first game scheme involving a symbol generator, a second game and a first game terminatorUS7837554Jan 5, 2007Nov 23, 2010IgtGaming device having a multiple selection and award distribution bonus schemeUS7841934 *May 8, 2002Nov 30, 2010Atronic International GmbhAmusement machine having a secondary game for determining a winning amountUS7867074Aug 28, 2003Jan 11, 2011IgtGaming device having a bonus scheme with multiple potential award setsUS7874908Mar 3, 2004Jan 25, 2011IgtMethod and apparatus for payouts determined based on a set completion gameUS7874912Sep 12, 2007Jan 25, 2011IgtGaming device having a bonus scheme with multiple selection groupsUS7874913Aug 18, 2009Jan 25, 2011IgtGaming device having a primary game scheme involving a symbol generator and secondary award wheelsUS7918725Sep 7, 2004Apr 5, 2011IgtGaming device having symbol revealing mechanismUS7927206Feb 14, 2008Apr 19, 2011IgtGaming device having a re-triggering symbol bonus schemeUS7931528Sep 17, 2009Apr 26, 2011IgtGaming device having free potential winning combinationsUS7942737 *Oct 26, 2006May 17, 2011IgtGaming device having a game with multiple selections and progressive game incrementationUS7959502Dec 30, 2004Jun 14, 2011Gamelogic Inc.Method of playing a game of chance including a computer-based gameUS7967676Sep 9, 2008Jun 28, 2011IgtGaming device and method having an award generator and a plurality of tracking metersUS7971879Mar 17, 2009Jul 5, 2011Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming machine with superimposed display imageUS7972206Nov 19, 2003Jul 5, 2011Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming machine and display device thereforUS7976374Nov 30, 2004Jul 12, 2011Gamelogic, Inc.Method and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS7980942 *Mar 20, 2008Jul 19, 2011Game Logic, Inc.System and method for playing a role-playing gameUS8016668Feb 7, 2007Sep 13, 2011Gamelogic Inc.Method and system for remote entry in frequent player programsUS8016669Oct 31, 2003Sep 13, 2011Aruze Corp.Gaming machineUS8025567Sep 16, 2005Sep 27, 2011Gamelogic Inc.Method and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS8029361Aug 17, 2007Oct 4, 2011Gamelogic Inc.Method and apparatus for providing player incentivesUS8033906Oct 19, 2005Oct 11, 2011Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with invitation for playing a wagering game at a subsequent gaming sessionUS8038529Nov 30, 2004Oct 18, 2011Gamelogic, Inc.Method and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS8047907May 19, 2005Nov 1, 2011Scientific Games Holdings LimitedMethod and apparatus for conducting a game of chance using pull-tab ticketsUS8047917Jan 23, 2007Nov 1, 2011Scientific Games Holdings LimitedMethod and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS8096867Oct 31, 2003Jan 17, 2012Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machine and display device with fail-tolerant image displayingUS8096878Jun 29, 2007Jan 17, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with simulated mechanical reelsUS8100759Aug 20, 2007Jan 24, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedMethod and apparatus for providing player incentivesUS8109828Jan 4, 2006Feb 7, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedSystem and method for playing a game having online and offline elementsUS8113940Aug 3, 2005Feb 14, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming machine with element selection featureUS8113942Nov 11, 2008Feb 14, 2012IgtGaming system and method having a bonus sequence with available symbols determined in a base gameUS8113947Oct 3, 2005Feb 14, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with award unlocking featureUS8118667May 28, 2009Feb 21, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedMultiplayer gaming incentiveUS8123609Jun 3, 2005Feb 28, 2012Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machineUS8128477Jun 29, 2007Mar 6, 2012Wms Gaming, Inc.Wagering game with simulated mechanical reelsUS8133108Jul 10, 2007Mar 13, 2012Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machine and game control methodUS8142274 *Jan 15, 2008Mar 27, 2012IgtGaming device having an award distributor and an award accumulator bonus gameUS8147325Feb 2, 2005Apr 3, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedSystems and methods for playing games of chance or skill using an alternate method of entryUS8162739Apr 28, 2006Apr 24, 2012IgtGaming device having multiple pay slotsUS8162745Oct 30, 2007Apr 24, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with episodic feature determined by playerUS8172666Apr 1, 2009May 8, 2012Aruze Gaming America, Inc.Slot machineUS8177634Dec 29, 2008May 15, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedSystem and method for collecting and using player informationUS8182346Dec 29, 2008May 22, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedSystem and method for collecting and using player informationUS8187101Dec 29, 2008May 29, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedSystem and method for collecting and using player informationUS8190507Jul 30, 2007May 29, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Cash-out methods and systems yielding enhanced time-deferred valueUS8192289Dec 29, 2008Jun 5, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedSystem and method for collecting and using player informationUS8216061Mar 17, 2006Jul 10, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering games with unlockable bonus roundsUS8216068Jan 23, 2008Jul 10, 2012Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machineUS8226468Nov 13, 2008Jul 24, 2012IgtGaming system and method including points of symbol expansionUS8231448Nov 9, 2007Jul 31, 2012IgtGaming system and method for providing purchasable bonus opportunitiesUS8231464Dec 13, 2006Jul 31, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Multigame gaming machine with transmissive displayUS8235799Sep 22, 2010Aug 7, 2012Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machine and method including re-triggering a feature game to a next feature gameUS8241121Jan 31, 2011Aug 14, 2012Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machine with a light guiding plate subjected to a light scattering process and having a light deflection patternUS8246444Jan 27, 2011Aug 21, 2012IgtGaming device having a re-triggering symbol bonus schemeUS8246466Dec 29, 2008Aug 21, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedSystem and method for collecting and using player informationUS8251795Jun 29, 2007Aug 28, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with simulated mechanical reelsUS8262457Oct 31, 2008Sep 11, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game apparatus and method to provide a trusted gaming environmentUS8267773Nov 5, 2007Sep 18, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering system with improved expected value during a special eventUS8272946Apr 18, 2008Sep 25, 2012IgtGaming device having a multi-function free game bonusUS8298073 *Feb 28, 2011Oct 30, 2012Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty Ltd.Gaming machine with multi scatter gameUS8323113 *Apr 11, 2002Dec 4, 2012IgtGaming machine with iridescent or fluorescent indiciaUS8328636Oct 26, 2007Dec 11, 2012Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with triggering feature for special eventUS8333649Jul 18, 2008Dec 18, 2012IgtGaming device having multiple symbols at a single symbol positionUS8337286Oct 31, 2003Dec 25, 2012Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machine with image display assistance featureUS8337288Jul 12, 2011Dec 25, 2012Scientific Games Holdings LimitedMethod and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS8353766Oct 31, 2003Jan 15, 2013Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machineUS8366550Dec 29, 2008Feb 5, 2013Scientific Games Holdings LimitedSystem and method for collecting and using player informationUS8371919Oct 15, 2007Feb 12, 2013Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with community game having a persistent-state featureUS8388436May 25, 2011Mar 5, 2013IgtGaming device having multiple interacting independently operable wheelsUS8393949Dec 11, 2009Mar 12, 2013Scientific Games Holdings LimitedMethod and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS8403743Nov 13, 2008Mar 26, 2013Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with simulated mechanical reelsUS8408998Sep 27, 2005Apr 2, 2013Wms Gaming Inc.Transmissive LCD display system for gaming machineUS8425297May 16, 2005Apr 23, 2013Scientific Games Holdings LimitedMethod and apparatus for conducting a game of chance including a ticketUS8425300Nov 30, 2004Apr 23, 2013Scientific Games Holdings LimitedMethod and apparatus of conducting a game of chance including bingoUS8425323Jun 30, 2005Apr 23, 2013Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with asset tradingUS8480475Jun 24, 2008Jul 9, 2013Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with multiple episode-based bonus gamesUS8485882Sep 27, 2011Jul 16, 2013Scientific Games Holdings LimitedMethod and apparatus for conducting a game of chanceUS8512134Aug 20, 2007Aug 20, 2013Dow K. HardyMethod and apparatus for providing player incentivesUS8556708Jan 13, 2006Oct 15, 2013Wms Gaming Inc.Wagering game with player-determined symbol functionUS8585487Nov 9, 2007Nov 19, 2013IgtGaming system, gaming device and gaming method providing stacking symbols and convertible reelsUS8585503Dec 29, 2008Nov 19, 2013Scientific Games Holdings LimitedSystem and method for collecting and using player informationUS8602870Jan 20, 2012Dec 10, 2013Universal Entertainment CorporationGaming machine and game control methodUS8602872Apr 10, 2012Dec 10, 2013IgtMethod and apparatus for outputting outcomes of a gaming deviceUS8616969Nov 2, 2005Dec 31, 2013Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming machine with LED display that is an integral part of game playUS8622809Sep 25, 2012Jan 7, 2014IgtGaming system and method providing a multiplay game with resultant symbolsUS8628405Oct 7, 2005Jan 14, 2014Wms Gaming Inc.Gaming system having exchangeable bonus token accumulation-redemption featureUS8632390Dec 4, 2012Jan 21, 2014IgtGaming device having multiple symbols at a single symbol positionUSRE44449Jun 8, 2011Aug 20, 2013Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty LtdReel strip interactionWO2005079936A1 *Feb 23, 2005Sep 1, 2005Gerard CrosbyN-sided elements for gaming machine displays* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification463/16, 463/20, 273/138.1, 273/139, 273/143.00R, 273/272International ClassificationG07F17/32Cooperative ClassificationG07F17/3267, G07F17/32, G07F17/3244, G07F17/3295European ClassificationG07F17/32K, G07F17/32, G07F17/32M4, G07F17/32P8Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 18, 2013ASAssignmentFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:SCIENTIFIC GAMES INTERNATIONAL, INC.;WMS GAMING INC.;REEL/FRAME:031847/0110Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, TEXASEffective date: 20131018Sep 4, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Sep 2, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Sep 9, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 2, 2002CCCertificate of correctionAug 3, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: WMS GAMING INC., ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ANDERSON, PETER;CASEY, MICHAEL P.;FROHM, ERICA A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:011038/0467;SIGNING DATES FROM 20000725 TO 20000727Owner name: WMS GAMING INC. 3401 N. 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Cupboard opened for first time in 40 years contains food and vintage packaging from 70s | Daily Mail Online
Larder that time forgot: Cupboard which hasn't been opened since 1970s laden with dated treats and vintage packaging
The extraordinary find was made by Ronald Mclintock in a tower block in Hove where he's the caretakerHe discovered that one of its cupboards hadn't been opened for 40 years - and there was no keyMr Mclintock used an angle grinder to open the door and was then transported back in time by what he foundBy
10:55 EST, 31 March 2014
03:06 EST, 1 April 2014
Over 250 cans of food and essential items bought in the 1970s have been found in near-perfect condition in a mysterious cupboard that hadn’t been opened in 40 years.The extraordinary find was made by the caretaker of a tower block in Hove, East Sussex - and because there was no key, he had to use an angle grinder to gain entry.Once Ronald Mclintock, 64, had opened the door on the 11th floor he was transported back in time. Time warp: Items discovered in the cupboard are post-decimal 1971 but still have half pence on their prices, which were abolished in 1984 To Boldy go: Bold detergent (above) was launched in 1974 and this packaging was on the shelves until 2004, when it was given a major revamp. The design of the Heinz soup on the right has barely changed since the 1980s, but was very different in 1910, when it was first brought to the UK. Pumphrey's sugar crystals (far right) are no longer available but the firm still makes a tasty range of coffee. The Cadbury's Drinking Chocolate (far left), meanwhile, has a notable one and a half pence off
Inside he found tins of Heinz lentil and chicken and mushroom soup, mackerel in tomato sauce, Waitrose scotch broth soup and washing-up liquid.
Cramped travel, bad hotel breakfasts and passport control...
Packs of Johnson’s baby powder, brown sugar crystals and cling film were also hidden inside the well organised cupboard.Items discovered in the cupboard are post decimal 1971 but still have half pence on their prices, which were abolished in 1984. Devon knows how it got here: Ambrosia has been making rice pudding since just before the outbreak of the Second World War and a tin of it was found in the corner of the mysterious cupboard in Hove. These days the product comes in a pot with a lid. On the right is another family favourite - Batchelors. They still make their famous Cup-A-Soup, but not the Pack-a-Pie filling pictured
Mr Mclintock also stumbled across baked beans, jars of coffee, unused pots and pans, a variety of cleaning products and powdered milk.The items still had price labels on them including from shops such as Sainsburys, Waitrose and some were simply tagged ‘International’.The cupboard is next to an access point and Mr Mclintock only made the discovery because he asked why no one had opened it.No one in at the flats knows why the items would have been stored in such an unusual place or who may have put them there. Remarkable find: Mr Mclintock (left) said the discovery he made at the tower block in Hove (right) was 'a little treasure trove of history' and he's reluctant to dispose of it
Mr Mclintock said: ‘It was pure curiosity. I thought it was just going to be full of rubbish so when I popped it open I got quite a shock.‘No one can throw any light on where it all came from.‘There were hundreds of old cans and goods, there was probably at least 250 items stored in the cupboard.‘Someone had obviously spent a lot of money and were stocking up for some reason.‘Apart from an exploded tin of prunes, it was in perfect condition.’Mr Mclintock continued: ‘The seventies was a very uncertain time, with the miner’s strikes, the three day week and the Cold War - so maybe someone was preparing for the apocalypse.‘I am reluctant to dispose of it as it is a little treasure trove of history - whoever stocked it up must have spent a fortune.’ Share or comment on this article
Be interesting to read the ingredients label if the...

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+C $19.30 shipping	Uncanny X-Men #213 VF/NM 1987 Marvel Wolverine vs Sabretooth Mutant Massacre
+C $6.68 shipping	Marvel comic book; Uncanny X-Men #213--Wolverine vs. Sabretooth!
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The way it was (Libro, 1986) [WorldCat.org]
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23875251
Titolo: The way it was
Autore: Palma Quanrude Quandahl
Editore: Des Moines : Fluharty printing, 1986.
OCLC:23875251
Palma Quanrude Quandahl
Des Moines : Fluharty printing, 1986.
Quanrude family.
Norwegians in the United States.
23875251
55 pages : illustrations, map, portraits ; 28 cm
Palma Quanrude Quandahl.
Aggiungi etichette: per "The way it was".
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The way it was/Palma Quanrude Quandahl; Des Moines : Fluharty printing, 1986.

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Ram Estate Agents are pleased to offer this second floor loft room available for rental which is offered furnished. The property has a shared kitchen and garden and has a shower room and w/c on the 2nd floor. ALL BILLS INCLUDED AND AVAILABLE STRAIGHT AWAY.
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The Charter Road, Woodford
Studio Room / Bedsit, Woodford Green
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TWO ROOMS AVAILABLE IN SHARED HOUSE The rooms has been redecorated and is offered furnished Share of Large kitchen diner, Bathroom, large reception room and GARDEN Bills included call now for further details Rooms avialble from £650 per month including bills Very close to transport
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Charteris Road,Woodford Green,IG8
**INCLUSIVE OF ALL BILLS** Circa Residential Property are proud to offer This first floor double bedroom in a admirable House Share in Woodford Green located close to Woodford central line station and local shopping amenities.
Added on 05/01/2017 by Circa Residential Property, South Woodford

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Sports & Outdoors Sports Fan Shop For the Home Fan Shop Kitchen & Dining Fan Shop NBA - Denver Nuggets 2pc. Rocks Glass Set 0.0 stars 0.0 stars Write a review Write a review ratings Q&A By: Great American Products About this item NBA - Denver Nuggets 2pc. Rocks Glass Set Read more… $12.80 - $31.36 $12.80 - $31.36 Loading options... Sports Team: |
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recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information. About Great American ProductsWith beginnings as a belt buckle maker in Texas, Great American products has become the leader in licensed metal emblems and the products that they adorn. With licenses with every major sports league, Great American products a wide range of unique products like drinkware, coolers, and kitchen accessories for the dedicated fan. This Denver Nuggets set of Officially Licensed Rocks Glasses come decorated with hand-crafted metal Team Logos. The perfect compliment to your Bar or Game Room décor. Please Note:
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Patent US5598181 - Method and apparatus for rotating a digital image ninety degrees using a ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA method for rotating an image clockwise or counter clockwise by ninety degrees in place in an image buffer with a small auxiliary buffer is disclosed. The image, defined by a rectangular pattern of H lines with each line having W pixels, is segmented into square blocks of N pixels per row and N lines...http://www.google.com/patents/US5598181?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5598181 - Method and apparatus for rotating a digital image ninety degrees using a small auxiliary bufferAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5598181 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/312,366Publication dateJan 28, 1997Filing dateSep 26, 1994Priority dateSep 26, 1994Fee statusPaidPublication number08312366, 312366, US 5598181 A, US 5598181A, US-A-5598181, US5598181 A, US5598181AInventorsDorian KermischOriginal AssigneeXerox CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (44), Classifications (10), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and apparatus for rotating a digital image ninety degrees using a small auxiliary buffer
US 5598181 AAbstract
A method for rotating an image clockwise or counter clockwise by ninety degrees in place in an image buffer with a small auxiliary buffer is disclosed. The image, defined by a rectangular pattern of H lines with each line having W pixels, is segmented into square blocks of N pixels per row and N lines per column. The image is stored in an image buffer, and each square block of pixels in the image buffer is rotated by ninety degrees. A starting memory location in the image buffer is selected from a set of starting memory locations, and a memory word at the selected starting memory location is copied into a memory word of a temporary storage buffer. A replacement memory location in the image buffer is determined for the memory word in the temporary storage buffer, which is swapped with a memory word at the replacement memory location. A sequence of replacement memory locations is defined by repeating the preceding operation until the selected starting memory location in the image buffer is determined to be a replacement memory location in the image buffer for the memory word in the temporary storage buffer. The sequence of replacement memory locations is terminated by replacing the memory word at the selected starting memory location with the memory word in the temporary storage buffer.
1. A method for rotating an image in place while entirely resident in a memory, the image being defined by a rectangular pattern of H lines with each line having W pixels, comprising the steps of:segmenting the image into square blocks of N pixels per row and N lines per column, said segmenting step storing each line of W pixels defining the image in an array of memory words of an image buffer so that the image is entirely resident in the image buffer; individually rotating, in place, each N�N square block of pixels in the image buffer segmented by said segmenting step through a selected angle; and subsequent to said segmenting and said rotating steps, performing the steps of: selecting a memory word of the image buffer as a starting memory location; copying the memory word at the starting memory location into a memory word of a temporary storage buffer; determining a replacement memory location sn+1 in the image buffer of the memory word in the temporary storage buffer originally stored at memory location sn in the image buffer; swapping the memory word in the temporary storage buffer with a memory word at the replacement memory location sn+1 in the image buffer; repeating said steps of determining and swapping until the starting memory location in the image buffer is equivalent to the replacement memory location sn+1 in the image buffer for the memory word stored in the temporary storage buffer; and replacing the memory word at the starting memory location in the image buffer with the memory word in the temporary storage buffer, to terminate said repeating step. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of substituting the starting memory location with a subsequent starting memory location and repeating said steps of copying, determining, swapping, repeating and replacing.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of performing said substituting step, until each location of every memory word in the image buffer is defined in a sequence of replacement memory locations.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of recording each starting memory location identified by said selecting step and said substituting step to form a set of starting locations.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of rotating a subsequent image, being defined by a rectangular pattern of H lines with each line having W pixels, by performing said steps of copying, determining, swapping, repeating and substituting for each starting location in the set of starting locations.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:determining a plurality of sets of starting memory locations for different image buffer configurations; and storing the plurality of sets of starting memory locations in a look up table. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said segmenting step comprises the step of storing each row of pixels of each square block in a sequence of memory words of the image buffer.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said segmenting step comprises the step of copying the sequence of memory words at a starting memory location into a sequence of memory words of the temporary storage buffer.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said segmenting step stores an image defined by a rectangular pattern of K lines with each line having W pixels, where K is less than H.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein said rotating step comprises the steps of:representing each square block of N�N pixels segmented by said segmenting step as a two dimensional array A(x,y) of N pixels per row and N pixels per column, each two dimensional array A(x,y) having an x and y component enumerated from zero to N-1; selecting a set of N starting pixels from the two dimensional array A(x,y); and replacing each starting pixel in the set of N starting pixels in accordance with the following sequence of replacement operations: replace pixel A(x,y) with pixel A(y, N-1-x); replace pixel A(y, N-1-x) with pixel A(N-1-y, N-1-x); replace pixel A(N-1-y, N-1-x) with pixel A(N-1-x, y); and replace pixel A(N-1-x, y) with pixel A(x,y). 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said rotating step rotates the image through the selected angle of ninety degrees.
12. An apparatus for rotating an image in place while entirely resident in a memory, the image being defined by a rectangular pattern of H lines with each line having W pixels, comprising:an image buffer being defined by an array of memory words; means for segmenting the image into square blocks of N pixels per row and N lines per column, said segmenting means storing each line of W pixels of the image in the array of memory words of said image buffer; means for individually rotating, in place, each N�N square block of pixels in said image buffer segmented by said segmenting means through a selected angle; means for selecting a memory word of the image buffer as a starting memory location; an auxiliary storage buffer having at least one memory word; means for copying the memory word at the starting memory location into a memory word of said auxiliary storage buffer originally stored at memory location sn in said image buffer; a processor for determining a replacement memory location sn+1 in said image buffer of the memory word stored in said auxiliary storage buffer; means for swapping the memory word in said auxiliary storage buffer with a memory word at the replacement memory location sn+1 in said image buffer; means for defining a sequence of replacement memory locations with said processor and said swapping means that terminates in response to the starting memory location in said image buffer being determined to be a replacement memory location sn+1 in said image buffer for the memory word in said auxiliary storage buffer; and means for replacing the memory word at the starting memory location in said image buffer with the memory word in said auxiliary storage buffer to terminate the sequence of replacement memory locations. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the selected angle is ninety degrees.
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for rotating a digital image ninety degrees, and in particular to an efficient method for rotating a digital image by ninety degrees in place in an image buffer with a small auxiliary buffer.
Image processing systems typically include an input device such as a scanner and a computer system that is equipped with document applications for storing and editing scanned electronic documents and an output device such as a printing system for rendering documents. The computer system is operated by a user to edit or view scanned "softcopy" digital images on a monitor of the computer system. The user can subsequently generate "hardcopy" reproductions of the softcopy images by instructing the computer system to provide the processed electronic image to a selected printing device. Advances in printing technology together with advances in computer system technology are helping image processing systems become more pervasive in desk-top publishing and business applications. Ink jet, thermal-transfer and xerographic color are examples of printing technologies that are making moderate resolution affordable.
Electronic images or "softcopy" images processed by desk-top publishing applications consist of two dimensional arrays of picture elements (pixels) or image signals. Historically small computer memories requires the use of intermediate disk buffers to rotate an electronic image of reasonable size. However, with the availability of larger computer memories, desk-top publishing applications can store entire electronic images in real memory. Even with large real memory allocations, there is not always sufficient memory to store both an original image and a rotated image. In some systems for example, available computer memory is large enough to contain one electronic image but not large enough to contain both an original image and a rotated image. In such instances rotating an electronic image in place, that is, within its own buffer and without the use of significant intermediate memory or auxiliary memory is desirable. Rotating an image in place for any arbitrary rotation however is not always possible since the image memory allocation of a rotated image can be larger than the memory allocation of an original image. Ninety degrees rotation of an original image, however, results in a rotated image having equal memory allocation as the original image.
To rotate an electronic image in place, requires that sequences of replacement operations are performed to an electronic image that is stored in an image buffer. Each replacement operation of a sequence must be performed so that each replacement operation does not erase pixels in the image buffer not already transferred. An analytical solution to the problem of finding the starting locations of the replacement sequences for ninety degree rotations, pixel by pixel, is given by Pall et al. in "A Problem in Abelian Groups with Application to the Transposition of a Matrix on an Electronic Computer", Math. Comp. 14 (1960), 189-192.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a method for rotating an image defined by a rectangular pattern of H lines with each line having W pixels. The method includes the steps of segmenting the image into square blocks of N pixels per row and N lines per column, each row of pixels being contained in one ore more memory words of an image buffer; individually rotating each square block of pixels in the image buffer by 90 degrees; selecting a starting memory location in the image buffer; copying a memory word at the starting memory location into a memory word of a temporary storage buffer; determining a replacement memory location in the image buffer for the memory word in the temporary storage buffer; swapping the memory word in the temporary storage buffer with a memory word at the replacement memory location; repeating the steps of determining and swapping until the starting memory location in the image buffer is determined to be a replacement memory location in the image buffer for the memory word in the temporary storage buffer; and replacing the memory word at the starting memory location with the memory word in the temporary storage buffer, to terminate said repeating step.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for rotating an image defined by a rectangular pattern of H lines with each line having W pixels. Means segment the image into square blocks of N pixels per row and N lines per column. The segmenting means stores each row of pixels in a memory word of an image buffer. Means individually rotate each square block of pixels in the image buffer through a selected angle. Means select a starting memory location in the image buffer. Means copy a memory word at the starting memory location into a memory word of an auxiliary storage buffer. A processor determines a replacement memory location in the image buffer for the memory word in the auxiliary storage buffer. Means swap the memory word in the auxiliary storage buffer with a memory word at the replacement memory location. Means define a sequence of replacement memory locations with the processor and the swapping means that terminates in response to the starting memory location in the image buffer being determined to be a replacement memory location in the image buffer for the memory word in the auxiliary storage buffer. Means replace the memory word at the starting memory location with the memory word in the auxiliary storage buffer to terminate the sequence of replacement memory locations.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an basic system for carrying out the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of an electronic image received by the system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows the image buffer in FIG. 1 in detail as a sequence of memory words;
FIG. 4 is the image buffer shown in FIG. 3 diagrammatically representing a matrix of memory words with each memory word having a memory location labeled thereon;
FIG. 5 is the image buffer shown in FIG. 4 storing the image illustrated in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of the steps for rotating an image ninety degrees in place in an image buffer with a small auxiliary buffer;
FIG. 7 illustrates one manner in which the image stored in the data buffer shown in FIG. 5 can be divided into N�N blocks;
FIG. 8 is an illustrative example of one N�N block of the image shown in FIG. 7 being rotated clockwise by ninety degrees;
FIG. 9 shows the image in the data buffer shown in FIG. 7 with each N�N block rotated clockwise by ninety degrees;
FIG. 10 is an example of sequences of replacement operations that are performed in accordance with the present invention to rotate an image ninety degrees with a small auxiliary buffer;
FIG. 11 shows the image in the image buffer in FIG. 5 rotated clockwise by ninety degrees; and
FIG. 12 is the image buffer shown in FIG. 11 diagrammatically representing a matrix of memory words with each memory word having a memory location labeled thereon.
Referring now to the drawings where the showings are for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiment of the invention and not for limiting same. With reference to FIG. 1, there is shown a general block diagram of image processing system 2 for carrying out the present invention. The image processing system 2 has connected thereto image input terminal (IIT) or scanner 4 that converts hardcopy images into a digital image signals which can be reproduced on image output terminal (IOT) or printer 6. A digital image received from scanner 4 by image processing system 2 is stored in image buffer 10 before transfer to long term storage such as disk drive 12. Once a digital image is stored in image buffer or display buffer 10, the image can be viewed on display 8 connected to image processing system 2. The central processing (CPU) 9 of the image processing system 2 executes image processing application 14 to rotate the digital image stored in image buffer 10 by ninety degrees. The resulting rotated image in image buffer 10 can be viewed on display 8 or rendered on hardcopy by printer 6. Additionally, image processing system 2 can receive an image for rotation from image input terminal 17 and can transmit rotated images to image output terminals 18 connected to network 19, examples of IIT 17 and IOT 18 include a workstation, a facsimile server, a print server and a file server.
Generally, digital image signals or pixels representing a hardcopy image transmitted from scanner 4 have a resolution and pixel density which are stored in image buffer 10. The digital image signals can represent color or black and white images, and can have a large number of density levels that are recorded in a gray level format. A digital image signal or pixel can have 256 gray levels, for a black and white image, and more than 16 million (2563) gray levels, for a color image. The term "gray level" is used herein to described data for both black and white and color images. In its simplest form, a digital image can be represented using image signals having one gray level (i.e. a binary image), where each image signal is either black or white in the case of a black and white image.
With reference to the present invention, FIG. 2 shows a digital image 20 which is transmitted from scanner 4, hard drive 12 or image input terminal 17 on network 19 to CPU 9 of image processing system 2. The digital image 20 shown in FIG. 2 is made up of H scanlines 27 with each scanline having W pixels 28. CPU 9 receives digital image 20 and stores each pixel in image buffer 10, which is a sequence of twenty four memory words, with four pixels per word, having memory locations 29 in image buffer 10 labeled from zero (00) to twenty three (23) as shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively, the sequence of memory words shown in FIG. 3 can be diagrammatically represented as a matrix of memory words as shown in FIG. 4, with each memory word having a memory location 29 labeled thereon. The CPU 9 of image processing system 2 stores each pixel of digital image 20 as a sequence of ninety six pixels numbered from zero to ninety five successively in the sequence of memory words of image buffer 10 as shown in FIG. 4. Thus, image buffer 10 can store 4 pixels of digital image 20 in each memory word as shown in FIG. 5.
After storing digital image 20 in image buffer 10, CPU 9 executes application 14 to rotate digital image 10 by ninety degrees in accordance with the invention. The flow diagram shown in FIG. 6 lists the sequence of steps required to rotate digital image 10 by ninety degrees in a clockwise or in a counter clockwise direction. At step 60, a set of starting memory locations s0 is determined for digital image 20 stored in image buffer 10, the details of which are discussed later. At step 62, digital image 20 is divided into N�N blocks of pixels, with N pixels per row and N scanlines lines per column. The number of bits represented by the N pixels is equal to, or a multiple of, the natural integer size of the host machine. For example, image buffer 10 which stores digital image 20 could be divided into blocks with N equal to four pixels or one memory word as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7. For the following discussion, we define the size of a memory word to be N pixels.
After dividing the image into blocks at step 62, each segmented N�N block is rotated by ninety degrees clockwise or counter clockwise at step 64. The decision as to whether to rotate digital image 20 clockwise or counter clockwise is determined by sampling a system variable which is initialized before application 14 is executed by CPU 9. Rotating each segmented N�N block is a bitwise operation for each memory word in image buffer 10 since four pixels are stored in one memory word of digital image 20.
Referring now to FIG. 8 which shows a detailed example of a method for rotating N�N block of pixels 80 which is transferred to auxiliary buffer 15. To rotate the N�N block of pixels 80, it is represented by a two dimensional array of pixels 81 A(x,y), which has starting pixel A(0,0) with N equal to four pixels in each direction. To perform a clockwise (CW) rotation, each array element is transferred to auxiliary memory 15 according to the following sequence of pixel replacement operations before returning to starting pixel A(x,y), where "a→b" signifies that pixel b is replaced by pixel a:
A(x,y)→A(N-1-y, x)→A(N-1-x, N-1-y)→A(y,N-1-x)→A(x,y).
For example to rotate the N�N block of pixels 80 shown in FIG. 8, the following four sequences of pixel replacement operations are performed, to provide rotated N�N block of pixels 86:
A(0,0)→A(3,0)→A(3,3)→A(0,3)→A(0,0);
A(1,0)→A(3,1)→A(2,3)→A(0,2)→A(1,0);
A(0,1)→A(2,0)→A(3,2)→A(1,3)→A(0,1);
A(1,1)→A(2,1)→A(2,2)→A(1,2)→A(1,1).
Alternatively when a counter clockwise (CCW) rotation is selected, the direction of the sequence of pixel replacement operations is reversed as follows:
A(x,y)→A(y,N-1-x)→A(N-1-x, N-1-y)→A(N-1-y, x)→A(x,y).
In ether case, before the start of each sequence of pixel replacement operations, a pixel A(N-1-y, x) or A(y,N-1-x) must be saved in the auxiliary buffer 15, to have it available to replace pixel A(x,y) at the end of the sequence. To determine a set of starting pixels analytically divide the matrix A(x,y) into sets of concentric squares, where the left upper corners of each concentric square are pixels A(n,n), with n=0,1, . . . ,N/2. The pixels on one side of each concentric square from (n,n) to (n,N-2-n) then define the set of starting pixels.
Upon completing step 64 which requires that each N�N block of pixels segmented at step 62 be rotated by ninety degrees, digital image 20 is converted to digital image 22 stored in image buffer 10 as shown in FIG. 9. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, each row of pixels of digital image 22 is a multiple of a memory word in image buffer 10. At steps 66-78 each memory word (or sequence of memory words) storing each row of pixel of digital image 22 in image buffer 10 are repositioned to complete the rotation of digital image 20 by ninety degrees.
At step 66, a starting memory location s0 =00 is selected from the set of starting memory locations determined at step 60. At step 67, starting memory location is set equal to a selected memory location sn. The memory word at the selected memory location sn is copied into temporary storage buffer or auxiliary buffer 15 at step 68. At step 70, a replacement memory location sn+1 is determined for the memory word stored in temporary storage buffer 15 using the following equations:
sn+1 =(xN+t)h+h-1-y, for CW rotation                  [1]
sn+1 =((w-1-x)N+t)h+y, for CCW rotation               [2]
h=H/N;
w=W/N;
x=sn MODw ;
yy=sn /w;
y=yy/N; and
t=yy MOD N.
In this document, "/" denotes the integer division, "MOD" signifies the modulo operaton and H and W are assumed to be multiples of N. Using equation [1], the replacement memory location sn+1 =01 for memory memory location sn =s0 =00 can be determined.
At step 72, the replacement memory location sn+1 is compared with the starting memory location s0 to determine if they are equal. If the replacement memory location does not equal the starting memory location (i.e. s0 ≠sn+1), then the memory word in the temporary storage buffer is swapped, at step 74, with a memory word at the replacement memory location in the image buffer 10 as shown by arrows 92 and 93 in FIG. 10. At step 75, the selected memory location sn is set equal to the replacement memory location sn+1 and step 70 is repeated. However, if at step 72 the replacement memory location sn+1 equals the starting memory location s0 (i.e. s0 =sn+1) then the memory word at the selected memory location sn is replaced with the contents of the temporary storage buffer 15, at step 76, as shown by arrow 95 in FIG. 10. Thus, at step 78 the following sequence of replacement memory locations for the memory words forming image buffer 10 has been defined:
[00]→[01]→[09]→[07]→[13]→[08]→[21]→[06]→[05]→[19]→[12]→[00].
At step 78, if a starting memory location s0 has not been selected from the set of starting memory locations determined at step 60, then a subsequent starting location s0 is selected from the set of starting memory locations at step 66.
One method of determining a subsequent starting memory location is to select a memory location in image buffer 10 that has not already been defined in a sequence of replacement memory operations. For example, if a starting memory location s0 =00 is initially selected and a sequence of replacement memory locations is found as defined above, then a subsequent memory location not defined in the sequence of replacement memory locations is s0 =02. Selecting starting memory location s0 =02 and setting it equal to a selected memory location sn at step 67, and continuing with the succeeding steps as described above results in the following sequence of replacement operations:
[02]→[17]→[18]→[04]→[11]→[23]→[22]→[14]→[16]→[10]→[15]→[02].
Once a sequence of replacement operations is performed for each memory word forming image buffer 10 except for those memory words that are not replaced such as memory word at memory location sn =03, at step 78, each memory word is ordered to form rotated image 24 in image buffer 10 shown in FIG. 11. Each memory location 29 of the sequence of twenty four memory words of image buffer 10 is defined in FIG. 12. In other words, once every starting memory location in the set of starting memory locations determined has been evaluated at step 78, image buffer 10 in FIG. 11 contains the original image 20 shown in FIG. 4 rotated clockwise by ninety degrees. The rotated image 24 is either stored on hard drive 12, viewed on display 8, rendered on hardcopy by printer 6 or transmitted over network 19 to IOT 18.
Besides simplifying bit operations required to rotate an image by ninety degrees, the present invention first rotates the image by blocks to reduce the number of multiplications and divisions that would be required for rotating a given image only using bit operations. Subsequently, each memory word can be repositioned inside a memory buffer given each memory word is an integer multiple of the dimensions of a block. In processing a subsequent image having dimensions equivalent to digital image 20 stored in data buffer 10, starting memory locations determined at step 60 can be stored in temporary storage buffer 15 to form a set of starting memory locations (e.g. s0 =00 and s0 =02). Therefore, when processing a subsequent image, at step 60 a set of starting memory location s0 does not need to be determined and is retrieved directly from storage buffer or auxiliary buffer 15.
One method for determining in advance each starting memory location s0 for an image to be rotated by ninety degrees at step 60 is a modified version the flow diagram shown in FIG. 6. First an empty binary image buffer 10 is initialized with zeros, of the size and dimensions of the digital image 20 to be rotated. Starting with memory location sn =00 which is defined as the first starting memory location. Perform steps 67 through 78 such that step 74 is modified so that instead of transferring pixels to the locations sn +1, ones are written in those locations. After finishing a first sequence of replacement operations, each memory location of image buffer 10 is searched in order of increasing memory locations, until finding a memory word which contains zeros. The first pixel which contains all zeros is the next starting memory location s0. This sequence of operations continue until no memory word containing zeros can be found in image buffer 10. The set of starting memory locations determined is then stored in auxiliary buffer 15 which is subsequently used to rotate any number of images.
Also, the set of starting memory locations defined above for rotating an image in place ninety degrees may be used with images having various sizes. Given that an image to be rotated is smaller than the available buffer, the set of starting locations can be used to rotate the image. Thus if an image is somewhat smaller than an image buffer with a known set of starting memory locations, it may be more efficient to fit the image in a corner of the image buffer, as shown in FIG. 2 for example if the image has H' scanlines with each scanline having W pixels. Consequently, the entire buffer is rotated and rearranged to position rotated image scanlines at the top of the buffer. Also, to accommodate many image sizes several sets of starting memory locations can be computed in advance for several different image buffer configurations and stored in a look up table in auxiliary buffer 15.
It will no doubt be appreciated that there are a number of possible variants of the present invention. For instance, when the dimensions of an image and the image buffer are available before the actual image is stored in the image buffer, an initialization routine can be used to identify a set of starting memory locations using the image buffer before the image is stored in the image buffer. The image can subsequently be stored in the image buffer and rotated in accordance with the set of starting memory locations determined previously. Alternatively, with additional buffer space available, a bit array can be defined in auxiliary memory 15 with one bit for each pixel in the case of pixel rotation, or one bit per block word in the case of block rotation. For example, in the case of one bit per pixel images and 32 bit words, the size of the bit array, in bytes, is 1/32 of the image buffer. The bit array is initialized with with all zero bits, and starting locations are determined while performing the sequence of steps to rotate the image as described above and shown in FIG. 6. Thus, using the bit array a set of starting memory locations does not need to be defined a priori at step 60. Starting with s0 =00, at step 67, a corresponding bit of the bit array is set to one once a memory word is swapped at step 74. After one sequence of replacement operations is completed, a successive zero bit is search for in the bit array and is selected as a subsequent starting memory location s0 at step 67.
The Appendix is a C code listing of a software implementation for rotating an image clockwise in place of an image buffer, where the image is defined as having only one bit per pixel in accordance with the present invention. The implementation consists of two main procedure calls. The first procedure call "init-- rot" is executed before the second "rotate". The first procedure call "init-- rot" determines a set of starting memory location. The second procedure call "rotate" rotates an image in accordance with the starting memory locations determined by the "init-- rot" procedure call.
The disclosed image processing system may be readily implemented in software using object oriented software development environments that provide portable source code that can be compiled for use on a variety of hardware platforms. Alternatively, the disclosed image processing system may be implemented partially or fully in hardware using standard logic circuits or specifically on a single chip using VLSI design. Whether software or hardware is used to implement the system varies depending on the speed and efficiency requirements of the system and also the particular function and the particular software or hardware systems and the particular microprocessor or microcomputer systems being utilized. The image processing system, however, can be readily developed by those skilled in the applicable arts without undue experimentation from the functional description provided herein together with a general knowledge of the computer arts.
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CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:015134/0476Effective date: 20030625Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT,TEXASFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:015134/0476Effective date: 20030625May 14, 2004FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8May 8, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services