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Burlap Covered Initial | Craft Ideas | Pinterest | Burlap, Letters and Thoughts Of You
Positively Splendid {Crafts, Sewing, Recipes and Home Decor}: Burlap-Covered Letters
Burlap Covered Initial
Burlap Letter, Diy Crafts, Burlap Crafts, Uncommon Designs, Teacher Gift, Craft Ideas, Diy Burlap
Burlap Covered Letters @Bonnie S. S. & Trish { Uncommon Designs } #DIY #craft
DIY Burlap Covered Letters - without the base and don't paint the burlap.
Burlap Covered Letters @UncommonDesigns #DIY #craft
Burlap Covered Letters... - Uncommon Designs...
DIY Burlap Crafts : DIY Burlap Covered Letters
Burlap Covered Letters... Teacher gift?
DIY Burlap Covered Letters
Burlap letter..cute
love the burlap + the skirt on this ottoman. Patina Style
burlap stool covering
Burlap Slipcovered, Burlap I M, Burlap Colored, Burlap Ideas, Burlap Curtains, Burlap Footstool, Diy Burlap
burlap ottoman -- maybe not itchy burlap... But burlap colored linen??
burlap slipcover ~ love burlap. I have burlap curtains in my den!
burlap slipcover ~have a thing or two this could cover :-)
burlap slipcover ~ LOVE this! # Pinterest++ for iPad #
DIY burlap slipcover - maybe for the ottoman?
Diy : burlap slipcover
burlap covered ottoman
Burlap Letters would look super cute in a kid's room
DIY burlap letters
Diy Crafts, Burlap Monogram, Burlap Letters, Craft Ideas
burlap letters--cardboard letters, cover front with burlap, paint. Maybe "HOME" for above the kitchen cupboards
burlap covered letters Visit & Like our Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Rustic-Farmhouse-Decor
burlap covered letters - great way to reuse the rice sack I've been hanging onto.
burlap covered letters...maybe do a JOY sign for Christmas?
CRAFT IDEA - burlap on letters from craft store
Burlap Monogram M for Madix's room
Burlap craft letters.
Sister, Valentines Day, Diy Craft, Valentinesday, Yarn Letters, Diy Valentine, Yarn Wrapped Letter, Valentine S
I wanna buy every letter of my name and decorate them with buttons that match my bedspread! - great project for my room next year!
Button Letter, Diy Craft, Button Initial
DIY crafts...cover large letter with variety of buttons!
buttons on wooden letter
decorating letters!
Christmas Wreaths, The Doors, Christmas Door Decorations, Front Doors, Monogram Door Decor
So creative. Front door Christmas monogram. Can be made for any season.
Monogram Door Decoration, instead of wreath
Sweet monogram to hang on a cabinet door
interesting Christmas door decoration
monogrammed letter-home decor
Monogram decoration for door
Instead of christmas wreath
Button Monogram, Button Letter, Diy Craft, Button Initial, Baby, Pearl Button
Pearl Button Monogram
Monogram Wreath, Diy Crafts, Twine Letter, Craft Ideas, Wrapped Letter, Jute Wrapped
-wreath alternative front door decor--jute wrapped letter monogram from ...
Jute Wrapped Monogram Wreath. For my front door.
jute wrapped letter - gift ideas
Twine letter wreath.... but a B
DIY button letters to put on the door and spell your name with
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Make your own Architectural Letters. Instead of paper cups, use toilet paper and paper towel rolls.
#KatieSheaDesign ♡❤ ❥▶ Design your own giant letters #Craft
This would be cute around cardboard- letters of a kids name.
old lampshade covers.
Julianne Linn
Home Projects & Decor
Chalkboard Hand Lettering DIY
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DIY Duvet Cover Tutorial | Prudent Baby--has other size dimensions too--for next comforter--ours is getting holes!
DIY Duvet Cover Tutorial | Prudent Baby (can be used for larger sizes as well)
DIY Duvet Cover Tutorial | Prudent Baby--has other size dimensions too--
Madelynn Flippo
DIY Shell monogram letter
Sea Shells, Beach House, Shell Letter, Seashells
the wooden letter is from a craft shop, covered in tiny shells i found at the beach. seashells are one of my favorite things
http://randomcreative.hubpages.com/hub/Hanging-Decorative-Letters-Craft-Ideas-Baby-Nursery-Home-Decorm
i could do this with the seashells we got from our first family beach trip :)))
wooden letter decor idea...can't wait to have a beach house to put this in
wooden letter decor idea oh maybe for my parents beach house
Beach Crafts - Bring Letter & Glue
shell letter-cute gift idea
Letters with scrapbook paper behind them and framed.. Very cute!
Initial Door Hanger...super easy to make and will go perfect on your #aspenheights front door!
Initial Door Hanger. love that chevron ribbon and giant double-bow intials?
Initial Door Hanger.another door decoration just what I need!
"wreaths" - door/entry way/ 1/2 bath/ etc
Initial Door Hanger with chevron ribbon
DIY & Crafts ❤
She's Crafty--To Make

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ISBN: 0743572203 / ISBN-13: 9780743572200
Liberty and Tyranny: A Conservative Manifesto (Simon & Schuster Audio) – Audiobook CD (2009)
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Patent US4231115 - Modular radio - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA modular aviation NAV/COM radio which is adapted for different mounting orientations and is thereby suitable for use on a variety of aircraft includes an OBS converter-indicator which is removable from the main body receiver portion. The OBS converter-indicator is able to be mounted separately from...http://www.google.com/patents/US4231115?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4231115 - Modular radioAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS4231115 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/963,700Publication dateOct 28, 1980Filing dateNov 27, 1978Priority dateNov 27, 1978Publication number05963700, 963700, US 4231115 A, US 4231115A, US-A-4231115, US4231115 A, US4231115AInventorsClaude L. Henderson, Edmund L. AbnerOriginal AssigneeGeneral Aviation Electronics, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (15), Referenced by (9), Classifications (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetModular radio
US 4231115 AAbstract
A modular aviation NAV/COM radio which is adapted for different mounting orientations and is thereby suitable for use on a variety of aircraft includes an OBS converter-indicator which is removable from the main body receiver portion. The OBS converter-indicator is able to be mounted separately from the main body receiver portion so that it can be positioned directly in front of the pilot when cockpit space is not available to mount the entire radio directly in front of the pilot.
1. A combination NAV/COM aviation radio and VOR indicator comprising:a main body receiver portion; a VOR indicator electrically connected within said main body receiver portion and removable therefrom; means for selectively mounting said VOR indicator in a first orientation within said main body receiver portion and in a second orientation separately from said main body receiver portion; and cable means electrically connecting said main body receiver portion with said VOR indicator. 2. The aviation radio of claim 1 wherein said main body receiver portion further includes a first connector internal thereto and a second connector, said first connector mating with said cable means when said VOR indicator is mounted in said first orientation within said main body receiver portion, said second connector mating with said cable means when said VOR indicator is mounted in said second orientation separate from said main body receiver portion.
3. The aviation radio of claim 2 wherein said main body receiver portion further includes a removable front panel.
4. A modular communication instrument for positioning in a conveyance and including navigational means for use in cooperation with the operation of the conveyance to aid in directing movement of said conveyance, said modular communication instrument comprising:a main body portion having at least one selectable control associated with said instrument; a detachable subassembly module electrically connected with and mechanically connected to said main body portion and having at least one selectable control associated with said navigational means; and means for mounting said subassembly module in a plurality of locations remote from said main body portion wherein said electrical connection to said main body portion is maintained in each of said locations. 5. The modular communication instrument of claim 4 wherein said main body portion and said subassembly module are electrically connected by means of a cable and said means for mounting being adapted to mount said subassembly module separately from said main body portion, said cable continuing to be used for said electrical connection when said subassembly module is mounted separately from said main body portion.
6. The modular instrument of claim 5 wherein said mounting means for said subassembly module includes a flange member adjacent one end of said subassembly module, said flange member having a plurality of internally threaded holes therein.
This patent application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 870,678, filed Jan. 19, 1978, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,134,070, which was a continuation-in-part patent application of Ser. No. 784,161, filed Apr. 4, 1977; now abandoned.
This invention relates in general to radios and more particularly to aviation radios.
There are numerous styles of marine and aviation radios which incorporate different circuitry for different transmitting and receiving requirements.
______________________________________Patent No.   Inventor     Issue Date______________________________________3,970,782    Fenne        7/20/763,091,736    Germain      5/28/632,731,555    Beck         1/17/56______________________________________
______________________________________Patent No.  Patentee       Issue Date______________________________________2,771,559   Montmeat       11/20/562,771,560   Creiman        11/20/563,272,920   Meurer          9/13/663,449,749   McEvoy          6/10/693,757,218   Oliverio et al  9/04/733,984,161   Johnson        10/05/76______________________________________
A combination NAV/COM aviation radio and VOR indicator according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a main body receiver portion, a VOR indicator electrically connected within the main body receiver portion and removable therefrom, means for selectively mounting the VOR indicator in a first orientation within the main body receiver portion and in a second orientation separately from the main body receiver portion and cable means electrically connecting the main body receiver portion with the VOR indicator.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an aviation radio according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial fragmentary top view of the FIG. 1 radio.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a converter-indicator and a main body unit separate from each other comprising portions of the FIG. 1 radio.
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, there is illustrated an aviation radio 80 having navigation and communication modes which include main body portion 81 and removable converter-indicator 82.
In the exemplary embodiment, aviation radio 80 represents a NAV/COM aviation radio by nature of its dual navigational and communication modes of operation and convertor-indicator 82 is illustrated as a course deviation indicator with a corresponding omni bearing selector (OBS). This converter-indicator is often referred to as a VOR indicator and its corresponding electronics in main body portion 81 comprise the VOR receiver. The VOR indicator is configured as a detachable subassembly module for remote mounting and provides navigational information to the operator of the radio. Aviation radio 80 is oriented as it would be when in use in the cockpit of an airplane and mounted as a single, self-contained unit. However, there is often insufficient space in the cockpit area to be able to mount the radio as a single, self-contained unit in a location directly in front of from the pilot, even though such a mounting location is desirable so that the converter-indicator can be easily read without parallax error.
When mounted as part of main body portion 81, converter-indicator 82 is attached to a cross member 83 by means of threaded fasteners 84. Converter-indicator 82 has a generally square flange portion 85 which abuts the rear surface of front panel 86. Converter-indicator 82 also has a generally circular raised portion 87 which is positioned flush to slightly raised relative to the outer surface of front panel 86. Within one side of flange portion 85 is a plurality of internally threaded holes which are used to further secure converter-indicator 82 into position by means of threaded fasteners 88. Extending from the rear of converter-indicator 82 are a wire pigtail 89 and a multipin connector 90. The mating multipin connector 91, for connector 90, is mounted to a circuit board 92 internal to main body portion 81. Also included as part of main body portion 81 is another multipin connector 93 which is mounted to the rear surface of enclosing cabinet 93a and whose function will be described hereinafter. In this self-contained, single unit configuration, the entire aviation radio 80 is arranged for mounting in a 61/2 inch wide standard rack having 6-inch bolt center spacing which is typical of most aircraft cockpits.
When it is desired to mount converter-indicator 82 into one of the circular openings of the cockpit dashboard which are directly in front of the pilot, the following procedure is followed. The radio technician who is authorized to perform aviation radio installations and repairs must first remove threaded fasteners 88 and then remove front panel 86 from main body portion 81. Next, threaded fasteners 84 are removed, connectors 90 and 91 are disconnected and converter-indicator 82 is pulled from the main body portion 81. Each circular opening in the cockpit dashboard has a surrounding hole pattern. These holes may either be internally threaded or include a staked nut. Corresponding to this particular hole pattern are three clearance holes 94 (see FIG. 3) in flange portion 85 and depending upon the particular aircraft design, converter-indicator 82 may be inserted into the selected circular opening either from the front or from the rear of the dashboard and threaded fasteners extend through holes 94 into the internally threaded holes (or staked nuts) surrounding the circular opening, thereby securely mounting the converter-indicator into the dashboard.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2731555 *Oct 5, 1950Jan 17, 1956Motorola IncRadio set housing and mountingUS2771559 *Jan 25, 1956Nov 20, 1956Gen ElectricPortable clock radioUS2771560 *Jan 25, 1956Nov 20, 1956Gen ElectricCombination switch and interlock for electrical devicesUS3059184 *Jul 27, 1959Oct 16, 1962Motorola IncTwo-way vehicle radio communication equipment employing hydrid circuitry within a sectionalized chassisUS3091736 *Feb 27, 1961May 28, 1963Motorola IncRadio communications equipment with sectionalized chassis and heat sinksUS3272920 *Apr 29, 1965Sep 13, 1966Loewe Opta GmbhPortable television receiver including measuring deviceUS3277484 *Jun 13, 1963Oct 4, 1966Aviat Instr Mfg CorpAircraft flight instrument systemUS3449749 *Jun 24, 1968Jun 10, 1969Mcevoy William JElectromagnetic surveillance systemUS3525979 *Nov 15, 1966Aug 25, 1970Daniel F ThomasDigital signal processing and display for aerial navigation systemUS3757218 *Dec 13, 1971Sep 4, 1973Keithley InstrumentsElectrical testing instrument structureUS3821698 *Jul 13, 1972Jun 28, 1974Lear Avia CorpAltitude alerting systemUS3890614 *Feb 20, 1973Jun 17, 1975Intercontinental Dynamics CorpIntegrated radar-pneumatic altimeter display deviceUS3970782 *May 2, 1975Jul 20, 1976Quasar Electronics CorporationModular control panel device for audio-visual receiving apparatusUS3984161 *Jan 28, 1975Oct 5, 1976Johnson Frederick MMobile communication consoleUS4075619 *Mar 6, 1975Feb 21, 1978The Laitram CorporationRemote reading compass display* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4481512 *Dec 29, 1982Nov 6, 1984Audio Systems, Inc.Theft-resistant audio system for vehicleUS4856088 *Jan 14, 1988Aug 8, 1989Motorola, Inc.Radio with removable displayUS6836659 *Feb 7, 2002Dec 28, 2004Airbus FranceControl device for a communication system of an aircraft, in particular of a transport planeUS20020119758 *Feb 7, 2002Aug 29, 2002Jerome GouillouControl device for a communication system of an aircraft, in particular of a transport planeDE102007033914A1Jul 20, 2007Dec 11, 2008Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. KgRadio transceiver system for aviation, has switches switching connection with antenna and external user interface, where control signals provided from monitoring unit control both switches connected with monitoring unitEP0421630A2 *Sep 18, 1990Apr 10, 1991Tektronix, Inc.Multi-purpose display module system for an electronic instrumentEP0421630A3 *Sep 18, 1990Aug 14, 1991Tektronix, Inc.Multi-purpose display module system for an electronic instrumentEP0903842A2 *Aug 19, 1998Mar 24, 1999Statpower Technologies CorporationPower inverter with re-orientable display panel and AC port modulesEP0903842A3 *Aug 19, 1998Aug 18, 1999Statpower Technologies CorporationPower inverter with re-orientable display panel and AC port modules* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification455/73, 455/90.1, 455/349, 455/90.3International ClassificationH05K5/00Cooperative ClassificationH05K5/0017European ClassificationH05K5/00CRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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Patent US4240188 - Process and device for interlacing multifilament yarns - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA process and a device for interlacing multifilament yarns includes forwang the yarn through an interlacing zone, to which an interlacing air jet is also conveyed through a nozzle, in a non-rectilinear trajectory which is essentially planar and symmetrical with respect to the jet axis, and under tension....http://www.google.com/patents/US4240188?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4240188 - Process and device for interlacing multifilament yarnsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4240188 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/033,222Publication dateDec 23, 1980Filing dateApr 25, 1979Priority dateApr 28, 1978Also published asDE2917218A1Publication number033222, 06033222, US 4240188 A, US 4240188A, US-A-4240188, US4240188 A, US4240188AInventorsGiuseppe ZoinaOriginal AssigneeSnia Viscosa Societa Nazionale Industria Applicazioni Viscosa S.P.A.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Referenced by (6), Classifications (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetProcess and device for interlacing multifilament yarnsUS 4240188 AAbstract A process and a device for interlacing multifilament yarns includes forwang the yarn through an interlacing zone, to which an interlacing air jet is also conveyed through a nozzle, in a non-rectilinear trajectory which is essentially planar and symmetrical with respect to the jet axis, and under tension. The resultant of the tension forces have a line of application which ideally coincides with the jet axis and a direction opposite to that of the jet. The jet is so directed as to contact the yarn in a zone about the point of application of the resultant force. The nozzle includes an orifice located at the vertex of a convex surface directed towards the yarn trajectory, and means for guiding the yarn near the nozzle and for limiting the freedom of motion of the yarn.
I claim: 1. A process for interlacing multifilament yarns, said process comprising:passing a multifilament yarn through an interlacing zone while guiding the travel of said yarn by a first fixed point positioned upstream of said interlacing zone and a second fixed point positioned downstream of said interlacing zone, said first and second fixed points defining therebetween a rectilinear path; directing a jet of gas against said yarn during passage thereof through said interlacing zone, thereby interlacing the filaments of said yarn; applying to said yarn, only in the area thereof against which said gas jet impinges, a force, separate from the force of said gas jet, in the direction of and substantially parallel to the axis of said gas jet, thereby imparting a tension to said yarn and deviating said yarn from said rectilinear path and causing said yarn to follow a non-rectilinear trajectory between said first and second fixed points; restraining the freedom of motion of said yarn, due to said gas jet impinging thereon, in the direction of said axis of said jet; and restraining the freedom of motion of said yarn in opposite directions which are perpendicular both to said axis of said gas jet and to the plane of said non-rectilinear trajectory of said yarn by means of restraining surfaces which continuously diverge from said area at which said gas jet impinges on said yarn. 2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said restraining in said direction of said axis of said gas jet is achieved by curved surfaces which form part of a concave cylindrical surface facing said gas jet and positioned such that an axis thereof is within said plane of said non-rectilinear trajectory and is perpendicular to said axis of said gas jet, and further comprising deflecting said gas jet by said curved surfaces and thereby imparting swirling motion to the gas.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tension imparted to said yarn is from 3 to 300 grams.
4. A process as claimed in claim 3, wherein said tension is from 5 to 150 grams.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gas jet is supplied from compressed air.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5, wherein said compressed air is supplied at a pressure of from 1 to 8 relative atmospheres.
7. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said non-rectilinear trajectory includes an upstream branch between said first fixed point and said area and a downstream branch between said area and said second fixed point, and said tensioning force is applied such that said upstream and downstream branches form therebetween an angle of from 140� to 175�.
8. An apparatus for interlacing a multifilament yarn passing through an interlacing zone, said apparatus comprising:first means, positioned upstream of a yarn interlacing zone, and second means, positioned downstream of said interlacing zone, for guiding movement of a multifilament yarn to be passed through said interlacing zone, said first and second guiding means defining therebetween a rectilinear path; nozzle means, positioned adjacent said interlacing zone, for feeding and directing a jet of gas against said yarn during passage thereof through said interlacing zone, and for thereby interlacing the filaments of said yarn; said nozzle means including a curved convex surface directed toward said yarn passing through said interlacing zone, said curved convex surface having substantially at a vertex thereof an orifice through which said gas jet issues and is directed against said yarn; said nozzle means being positioned relative to said first and second guiding means such that said curved convex surface, only at the area thereof adjacent said orifice, forms means for applying to said yarn, only at the area thereof against which said gas jet impinges, a force in the direction of and substantially parallel to the axis of said gas jet, and for thereby imparting a tension to said yarn and deviating said yarn from said rectilinear path and causing said yarn to follow a non-rectilinear trajectory between said first and second guiding means; first restraining means, positioned adjacent said interlacing zone, for restraining the freedom of motion of said yarn, due to said gas jet impinging thereon, in the direction of said axis of said gas jet; and second restraining means for restraining the freedom of motion of said yarn in opposite directions which are perpendicular both to said axis of said gas jet and to the plane of said non-rectilinear trajectory of said yarn, said second restraining means comprising a pair of restraining surfaces positioned to define therebetween a space for passage of said yarn through said interlacing zone and located on opposite sides of said orifice, said restraining surfaces each having opposite ends, each said restraining surface continuously diverging from a portion thereof adjacent said orifice to said opposite ends, and adjacent ends of said pair of restraining surfaces defining openings for the free passage of gas. 9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said first restraining means comprises a grooved body having a plane of symmetry coinciding with said plane of said non-rectilinear trajectory, said body having a concave inner surface directed toward said nozzle means.
10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said concave inner surface has a partially circular cross-sectional configuration.
11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said concave inner surface has a partially oval cross-sectional configuration.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said concave inner surface has an average diameter of from 1.5 to 6.0 mm.
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said concave inner surface has an axis which is spaced from said orifice by from 0.75 to 4.5 mm.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said pair of restraining surfaces are on a pair of walls which are integral with and extend outwardly from said curved convex surface of said nozzle means adjacent said vertex thereof.
15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein each of said walls has a convex configuration, as viewed in a plane perpendicular to said axis of said gas jet, which is directed toward said orifice.
16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein each of said walls is convergent toward said orifice.
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein said convergent walls define therebetween an angle between 25� and 120�.
18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said curved convex surface of said nozzle means has a radius of curvature of from 2 to 8 mm.
19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said orifice has a diameter of from 0.4 to 2.0 mm.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (a) The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process and a device for interlacing multifilament yarns.
(b) The Prior Art
A process is known for imparting a certain degree of coherency to yarns constituted by a plurality of substantially parallel filaments--whereby it is meant that the yarn is without twist or has a very low twist--so that they may be employed in weaving and typically for making warps. The known process consists essentially in directing an air jet onto the yarn which travels in a straight line while limiting the freedom of motion of the yarn and containing and deflecting the air stream after contact with the yarn, to an extent and in a manner which are different from case to case.
Typically such processes are carried out by means of devices which comprise a nozzle and a yarn guide and control organ. It is customary in the art improperly to call both those organs together "nozzle", while they should be considered as two distinct elements even when they are formed in a single body. The nozzle proper is of course essentially an air outlet orifice fed with air under pressure through an air feed passage or channel. The yarn guide and control organ, on the other hand, embodies either yarn guide devices or surfaces which limit the yarn motion in the direction of the air jet axis and/or in a direction perpendicular thereto, and often also comprises curved surfaces which are stricken by and deflect the air jet. In some devices, the nozzle and the guide and control organ are clearly distinguished and this latter sometimes merely consists of a surface, e.g. cylindrical, which limits the motion of the yarn in the direction of the air jet axis and lateraly deflects the flow lines of the air jet (see e.g. Italian Pat. No. 700.695). Other devices, e.g. that of U.S. Pat. No. 2,985,995, and others described in a series of patents which are developments and modifications of this latter, comprise a guide and control organ the functional portion of which is a cylindrical channel through which the yarn passes, while the nozzle is nothing but a bore having an axis perpendicular to the axis of the channel, and from which the air jet enters into the channel and therein acquires swirling motions. In nozzles of this type, it is usual that both the yarn passage channel and the air feed channel be formed in a single body, which justifies the fact that the whole device is called "nozzle".
The known processes and devices make it possible to interlace essentially parallel multifilament yarns at high speeds and with good efficiencies. The degree of coherency is measured, e.g., as described in the cited U.S. Pat. No. 2,985,995, by passing a hook carrying a standard weight between the filaments of the yarn and registering the number of times it is stopped while traversing a given length, or in other words by measuring the number of knots or more exactly "pseudo-knots" which the yarn has acquired. It is obvious that in such measurements the morphology of the yarn is at least temporarily modified by the measuring instrument, and the quantitative results they furnish have a comparison value but do not define or express the intimate structure of the interlaced yarn.
However, such known processes and devices involve a rather substantial consumption of compressed air which increases the cost of the final product. They have other drawbacks as well, different from case to case, e.g. a limitation of the range of yarns which may be processed, difficulties of starting the yarn in the device, sensitivity to tension variations, difficulty of regulation, complexity of construction and control, and so forth. Attempts to eliminate these drawbacks have not been wholly successful.
The present invention completely eliminates such disadvantages, and substantially improves the efficiency and the economy of the yarn interlacing operation, thanks to a process and a device which are based on a new principle, while remaining in the class of pneumatic yarn treatments and devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The process which is the object of the invention is characterized in that the yarn is forwarded through an interlacing zone, to which a jet of an interlacing gas, normally air, is also conveyed, in a non-rectilinear trajectory which is essentially planar and symmetric with respect to the jet axis, and under tension, the resultant of the tensional forces having a line of application which ideally coincides with the jet axis and a direction opposite to that of the jet. The jet is so directed as to contact the yarn in a zone about the point of application of the resultant force, and the freedom of motion of the yarn is limited both in the direction of the jet axis and in the direction perpendicular to such axis and to the plane in which the yarn trajectory lies.
The expression "ideally coincides" is to be understood as follows. The non-rectilinear trajectory of the yarn in the interlacing zone is determined by the contact of the yarn with surfaces located in such zone and in the vicinity of the gas jet. If the friction of the yarn on the surfaces is not taken into account, the yarn tension measured at any point of the yarn axis is constant. Under such conditions, i.e. if there were no friction, the line of application of the resultant of the tensional forces would substantially coincide with the jet axis. The friction, however, causes tension downstream of the surfaces, with respect to the direction of the yarn motion, to be greater than tension upstream thereof, and this difference causes a dissymmetry whereby the aforesaid resultant force is deviated by a small angle with respect to the jet axis, the deviation being towards the downstream direction. In any case, the resultant force is equal as to absolute value and opposite as to direction to the deviating force which may be considered as applied to the yarn to deviate it from the rectilinear trajectory which otherwise it would follow. In other words, the yarn is caused to travel between two fixed points, one situated upstream and the other downstream, of the interlacing zone, and in such zone a deviating force is applied to the yarn in the vicinity of the point in which it is contacted by the gas jet, which force displaces the yarn beyond the straight line defined by the two fixed points, the displacement being approximately in the direction of the jet.
Preferably, the invention is additionally characterized in that the jet is deviated by curved surfaces constituting a part of a cylindrical surface having its axis on the plane of the yarn trajectory and perpendicular to the gas jet axis and having a concavity directed towards the jet, swirling motions being imparted to the gas by such curved surfaces, which additionally serve to limit the freedom of motion of the yarn and to guide such motion in the interlacing zone.
The words "cylindrical surface" are to be understood in their broadest geometric meaning, i.e. as defining a surface generated by a straight line moving along a generatrix while remaining parallel to itself and that such cylindrical surface may have a circular or partially circular cross-section, but also, in general, any curvilinear, e.g. elliptical or generally oval, cross-section.
The device according to the invention comprises a nozzle for feeding and projecting a jet of a gas, practically air, into the interlacing zone, which nozzle comprises an orifice located substantially at the vertex of a convex surface, the convexity thereof being directed towards the trajectory of the yarn. Means guide the yarn in an essentially planar trajectory tangent to such convex surface at least in the vicinity of the nozzle orifice. An element limits the freedom of motion of the yarn both in the direction of the air jet axis and in directions perpendicular thereto and to the plane whereon the yarn trajectory lies. Preferably such element may comprise a grooved body having a plane of symmetry which coincides with the yarn trajectory plane and which has a cross-section, in a plane perpendicular to said last mentioned plane, which comprises a concave surface having its concavity directed towards the nozzle and serving both as a surface for containing and guiding the air jet and for limiting the freedom of motion of the yarn and guiding such motion.
Still preferably, the nozzle has two walls at its top and at the two sides of the orifice of the convex surface which embrace the trajectory of the yarn in the interlacing zone and still more preferably have a configuration, in a plane perpendicular to the air jet axis, which is slightly convex and directed towards the nozzle orifice, on the one and on the other side thereof, and is also preferably convergent towards the orifice.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood from the following description of a number of non-limitative embodiments thereof, with reference to the attached drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic lateral view of a device according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of FIG. 1 taken as indicated by the broken line II--II--II--II of FIG. 1, but on an enlarged scale;
FIG. 3 is a cross-section of FIG. 2 taken along line III--III of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a lateral view, similar to FIG. 1, of a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an axial cross-section of the terminal portion of the nozzle taken on the plane of the yarn trajectory;
FIG. 6 is a lateral view of the nozzle portion of FIG. 5, a right angle to the plane of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is an end view of the nozzle;
FIG. 8 is an axial cross-section of the guide and control organ in the second embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 7;
FIGS. 9 and 10 are two cross-sections of the organ, both taken along line IX--IX of FIG. 8 but illustrating two constructional variants;
FIG. 11 is a cross-section of the organ taken along line XI--XI of FIG. 8 and illustrating both the variants of FIGS. 9 and 10; and
FIGS. 12 and 13 are respectively a lateral view with a part in cross-section and an axial cross-section of a comparison device or "nozzle" built according to the known art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, in a first embodiment of the invention, the nozzle proper, generally indicated at 10, is constituted by a body having a cylindrical portion 11 which has a channel 12, terminating in an orifice 13, for the passage of compressed air, and which preferably tapers in its upper part 11' wherein it has a groove 14 whereby the nozzle body is reduced to two fins 15. Fins 15 are preferably limited towards the nozzle orifice 13 by surfaces 16 which are convex towards the nozzle. Yarn 20 is guided by suitable devices, e.g. yarn guides 21, 21', in such way that its trajectory comprises (FIG. 3) a curvilinear portion or arc 22 tangent to at least the central portion of a convex surface 17, and portions 23, 23' directed along the tangents to the ends of arc 22. In other words, it might be said that the thread guides or other guide organs 21, 21' tend to impart to the yarn a rectilinear trajectory therebetween and that the nozzle 10 is located in such a position as to deviate the yarn from such trajectory displacing the yarn beyond it in the direction of the air jet. It is obvious that, as a consequence of this arrangement, since the yarn travels with a certain tension, as more fully discussed hereinafter, and given the essential symmetry of the yarn trajectory, the resultant of the tension in the segment 23-22-23', is a force T, the line of application of which ideally coincides (and would actually coincide if there were no friction of the yarn on the nozzle) with the axis of channel 12 and therefore with the compressed air jet axis and is directed oppositely to the air jet, as shown in FIG. 3.
The fins 15 limit the freedom of motion of the yarn in directions which are perpendicular on the one hand to the air jet axis and on the other to the yarn trajectory plane, as is clearly seen in FIGS. 2 and 3. Such fins also limit to a certain extent the flow of the air jet which exits from the nozzle orifice 13.
The movement of the yarn in a direction parallel to that of the air jet is limited by suitable stop members, e.g. by thread guides 24, 24'.
A preferred embodiment of the device is illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 11. As is seen, nozzle 40 is similar to nozzle 10, and is provided with a body 41, a channel 42, and an orifice 43, respectively similar to body 11, channel 12, and orifice 13 of FIGS. 1 to 3, and with a convex surface 47, correponding to surface 17 of FIG. 3, on which the yarn slides and at the center of which the orifice 43 is located, but the fins 45 which correspond to fins 15 are much shorter and are adapted to engage the yarn only in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle orifice.
Preferably, body 41 is made of two parts, e.g. it may be of metal in its initial portion and have a top or plug 41' (FIGS. 4 to 6) of a ceramic material, wherein all the surfaces which contact the yarn are embodied. In this case too, surfaces 46 of fins 45 have a convexity towards the nozzle, as seen in FIG. 7.
Channel 42 preferably comprises a first cylindrical portion 50, a frusto-conical portion 51 and a narrower cylindrical orifice portion. Surfaces 46, of which FIG. 6 shows the widest profile 46' and the narrowest profile 46" as they are seen when looking along the yarn trajectory, are slanted inwardly from top to bottom to form a "V" shape and a "U" shape, respectively. The angle α of the two sides of profile 46" has a certain importance. The yarn control and guide organ, which contains and guides the air jet as well, is constituted by an open sleeve 60, located with its axis lying on the plane of the yarn trajectory and parallel to the average direction of the yarn, which may be identified with the tangent to the trajectory at the point at which the yarn rides over the orifice 43. As is seen in FIGS. 9 to 11, in the interlacing zone, i.e. in a plane perpendicular to the axis 68 of sleeve 60 and passing through the axis of nozzle channel 42 (FIGS. 5, 9 and 10), the sleeve has an outer surface 61 which may be of any shape, though for constructive reasons it is preferably circular cylindrical, and defines in its inner cavity an open concave channel, the cross-section of which may be circular (62', FIG. 10) or oval (62, FIG. 9) and e.g. approximately elliptical with the major axis directed in the direction of the air jet. The inner surface 63 or 63' of such channel spans an angle greater than 180� about the channel axis 68 passing through the center of such surface, which center has a precise geometrical meaning if the surface has a circular or elliptical cross-section as in the drawings, and anyway may be determined at least approximately from symmetry considerations if the surface has any other configuration. Preferably, where the surface ends, the cavity of sleeve 60 is limited by two connecting segments 64 (FIG. 9) or 64' (FIG. 10).
In a plane perpendicular to its axis, distant from the interlacing zone, such as the plane of FIG. 11, the cross-section of sleeve 60 is similar, however it extends at the two sides of the nozzle with fins 65 having rectilinear inner surfaces 66.
In FIG. 11, two possible profiles of the inner channel cavity are shown corresponding to those of FIGS. 9 and 10, the one 63 being elliptical and the other 63' being circular (the latter in broken lines).
Control and guide organ 60 is preferably arranged with respect to the nozzle as is shown in FIG. 4, in such a way that the yarn will face the opening of channel 62 (FIG. 9) when it is displaced by the air jet.
The device of FIGS. 4 to 11 is also provided with yarn guides 67, 67' or other yarn guide organs which perform the same function as the guide yarns 21, 21' of FIGS. 1 to 3.
The operation of the device hereinbefore described and the process which it carries out are, as has been said, different as to conception from those of the prior art. Indeed the nozzle, and more precisely the portion thereof which constitutes the air orifice and the zone adjacent thereto, has the additional function of deviating the yarn from its theoretical rectilinear trajectory and of imparting thereto a tension having the resultant in the desired direction. As a result, were no air to be fed to the nozzle, the yarn would slide on the nozzle orifice. The air jet displaces the yarn from the orifice and the resultant of the tension urges the yarn constantly back against the orifice. Therefore, the nozzle proper concurrently performs besides its normal air feed function, additional functions which in the prior art devices were performed by different portions of the interlacing device. The nozzle proper according to the invention, besides causing the displacement of the yarn from its rest trajectory by the impact of the air jet also has, as has been said, the function of initially containing such displacement, a further containment being effected by the control and guide organ which, in its simplest form, may be constituted merely by restraining bodies (21--21') as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3, and in its preferred form comprises a channel wherein not only is the yarn contained and guided, but also the air jet is deflected. Since the yarn has a constant, significant tendency to return towards the nozzle orifice, under the tension to which it is subjected, it does so by sliding on the surface of the guide and control organ cavity, and in all likelihood it rolls on such surface, so that instantaneous twists occur not only by effect of the air vortices but also and mainly by the effect of a planetary motion on the cavity surface, which intensify the interlacement of the yarn and confer to it a marked coherency although its average twist is obviously zero as in the prior art devices.
The preferred dimensional geometrical data of the device according to the invention, are the following: the radius of curvature in the axial plane (of FIGS. 3 and 5) of the yarn guide surfaces in the nozzle (17 or 47 in the embodiments illustrated) varies from 2 mm to 18 mm (greater radiuses causing contact problems). The diameter of orifice 13 or 43 varies from 0.4 mm to 2 mm. Angle α , above defined, varies from 25� to 120�. The average diameter of the channel of the guide and control organ varies from 1.5 mm to 6 mm. The distance of the axis 68 (FIGS. 9 to 11) of the guide and control organ channel from the nozzle orifice varies from 0.75 mm to 4.5 mm.
In carrying out the process, the yarn is maintained preferably at a tension between 3 and 300 g. and more preferably between 5 and 150 g., depending on the count. Angle β, (FIG. 4) defined between the two branches of the yarn, upstream and downstream of the nozzle orifice, varies from 140� to 175�. The pressure at which the compressed air is fed to the nozzle varies from 1 to 8 ATE (relative atmospheres).
The nozzle itself or at least its terminal portion in which the orifice and the surfaces which have been described are formed, is preferably made of a ceramic material, and so is the control and guide organ.
Some embodiments of the process according to the invention will now be described.
EXAMPLE 1 ______________________________________count 210/36processing speed       = 391 m/1'(sec.)radius of curvature (47)                  = 10 mmdiameter of the nozzle orifice (43)                  = 0.8 mmaverage diameter of theguide channel (62)     = 3 mmdistance of axis (68) ofthe channel from nozzle orifice (43)                  = 2.7 mmangle β           = 165�yarn tension           = 20-25 g.______________________________________
The average number of pseudo-knots per meter of yarn which are obtained at various pressures are tubulated in the following
TABLE 1______________________________________PRESSURE (ATE)    NUMBER OF KNOTS______________________________________2.5               22.43                 27.83.5               31.64                 31.84.5               32______________________________________
EXAMPLE 2 ______________________________________count 940/136processing speed       = 391 m/1'radius of curvature (47)                  = 10 mmdiameter of the orifice (43)                  = 1.2 mmangle α          = 40�average diameter of theguide channel (62)     = 4 mmdistance of axis (68) of thechannel from orifice (43)                  = 3.2 mmangle β           = 165�yarn tension           = 50-60 g.______________________________________
The average number of pseudo-knots per meter of yarn which are obtained at various pressures are tabulated in the following
TABLE 2______________________________________PRESSURE (ATE)    NUMBER OF KNOTS______________________________________2.5               20.43                 26.43.5               28.54                 29.84.5               29.8______________________________________
The following Examples 3 and 4 are comparison examples carried out with the device according to the prior art illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13, wherein 70 is the nozzle proper with a channel 71 and orifice 72, 73 is the control and guide organ in the form of a channel, and 74 is the yarn which follows a rectilinear trajectory.
EXAMPLE 3 ______________________________________count 210/36processing speed        = 391 m/1'diameter of the nozzleorifice (72)            = 1.5 mmdiameter of the guide channelof control and guide organ (73)                   = 3 mmyarn tension            = 20-25 g.______________________________________
The average number of pseudo-knots per meter of yarn thus obtained are tabulated in the following
TABLE 3______________________________________PRESSURE (ATE)    NUMBER OF KNOTS______________________________________2.5               11.53                 153.5               194                 234.5               26______________________________________
EXAMPLE 4 ______________________________________count 940/136processing speed       =      391 m/l'diameter of the nozzle orifice (72)                  =      1.5 mmdiameter of the guide channel of control and guide organ (73)                  =      4 mmdistance of the axis (74) of the channel from the nozzle orifice (72)                  =      2.5 mmyarn tension           =      50-60 g.______________________________________
The average number of pseudo-knots per meter of yarn obtained are tabulated in the following
TABLE 4______________________________________PRESSURE (ATE)    NUMBER OF KNOTS______________________________________2.5               103                 123.5               134                 194.5               24______________________________________
A number of non-limitative embodiments of the invention have been described, but the invention may be carried into practice by persons skilled in the art with numerous variations and adaptations.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3220082 *Mar 29, 1962Nov 30, 1965Eastman Kodak CoJet apparatus for treatment of textile fibersUS3379002 *Feb 24, 1967Apr 23, 1968Spunize Company Of America IncSpliced yarnUS3417445 *Jun 20, 1966Dec 24, 1968Ver Glanztoff Fabriken A GMethod and apparatus for producing a voluminous yarn with uniformly spaced bindingsUS3574249 *Jul 14, 1969Apr 13, 1971Du PontThreadline treating apparatusUS3971108 *Mar 31, 1975Jul 27, 1976E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & CompanySet apparatus for treating yarn and process for stringup thereof* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4841606 *Jul 15, 1988Jun 27, 1989Basf CorporationNotched guide filament yarn interlacerUS4965916 *Aug 15, 1987Oct 30, 1990Deutsche Institute Fur Textil- Und Faserforschung Stuttgart Stiftung Des OffentlichenrechtsMeans for the interlacing of yarnUS6052878 *May 28, 1999Apr 25, 2000E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And CompanyMethods and apparatus for interlacing filaments and methods of making the apparatusUS6112387 *Jul 2, 1999Sep 5, 2000Fibreguide LimitedYarn treatment jetEP0350594A2 *May 16, 1989Jan 17, 1990BASF CorporationNotched guide interlacerEP0976856A1 *Jun 23, 1999Feb 2, 2000Fibreguide LimitedYarn treatment jet* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification28/274, 28/275International ClassificationD02J1/08Cooperative ClassificationD02J1/08European ClassificationD02J1/08RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google