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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 2161–2166
Light-emitting diodes—Their potential in biomedical applications
Naichia Gary Yeh a, Chia-Hao Wu a, Ta Chih Cheng b,*
College of Applied Sciences, MingDao University, 369 Wen-Hua Road, Peetou, Changhua 52345, Taiwan, ROC Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Hseuh-Fu Rd., Nei-Pu Hsiang, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
Article history: Received 19 January 2010 Accepted 17 February 2010 Keywords: LED Medical treatment Phototherapy
The rapid development of high brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) makes feasible the use of LEDs, among other light sources (such as laser, intense pulse light and other incoherent light systems), for medical treatment and light therapy. This paper provides a general review on red, green, blue, ultraviolet LED applications in photo rejuvenation and medical treatments of a variety of physical abnormalities, as well as the relief of stress, circadian rhythm disorders, and seasonal affective disorder. The review, concentrated in the papers published after 1990, intends to show that LEDs are well qualiﬁed to succeed its more energy demanding counterparts in the named areas and beyond. ß 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents 1. 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEDs for phototherapy and medical treatment 2.1. Relief for disorder and stress . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Wound healing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Treatment of acne vulgaris. . . . . . . . . . . 2.4. Photo rejuvenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other biomedical applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2161 2162 2162 2162 2163 2163 2163 2165 2165 2165
1. Introduction LEDs, following laser and intense pulsed light (IPL), have become the new favorite in the ﬁeld of medical treatment and phototherapy. Today, LEDs not only thrive in the ﬁeld of low intensity photo rejuvenation; but are also used for the treatments of rhinitis, arthritis, jaundice, joint/tissue inﬂammation, skin abnormality, and for the relief of stress, seasonal affective disorder, as well as biological clock disorders. LEDs are solid-state semiconductor devices which contain a single p–n junction, that is, the junction of a p-type layer where the carriers are positively charged holes and an n-type layer in which current is carried by mobile electrons.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 8 770 3202x6423; fax: +886 8 774 0446. E-mail address: cheng.tachih@gmail.com (T.C. Cheng). 1364-0321/$ – see front matter ß 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.02.015
LEDs pass an electrical current in the direction where electrons move from the n-region to the p-region. The electrons then recombine with holes to generate photons of light. The light emitted by a LED is usually in a narrow band of wavelength corresponding to the energy associated with electron–hole pair recombination. That energy is approximately the band gap energy of the semiconductor in which the recombination occurs. As the performance of LED continues to improve ever since 1980s, these lighting systems progress from red-only LED arrays to high density, multi-color LED chip-on-board technologies. After the development of blue–green LEDs based on aluminum gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN) in the early 1990s, low-voltage light sources in all three primary colors (red, green and blue) have become available for the lighting and display industries. This development has also helped to penetrate multi-billion dollar markets in indoor agricultural production as well as medical treatment and phototherapy.
N.G. Yeh et al. / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 2161–2166
LEDs are the ﬁrst light source to provide the capability of true spectral composition control, which allows wavelengths to match the requirement of the medical treatment to optimize the effectiveness. They are compact and have little difﬁculty reaching those hard to reach area. They are also easy to maneuver in small spaces. LED can be easily integrated into digital control systems to facilitate complex lighting programs like varying spectral composition over the course of a phototherapy or treatment stage. LEDs are safer to operate than current laser light sources as they do not need a high voltage power supply as sometimes required in laserbase medical system. Following the previous review [1] of researches that use LEDs to support plant growth in controlled environments, this paper provides a general review on LED applications in a variety of medical treatment and phototherapy areas since 1990 to demonstrate the potential of LEDs in biomedical ﬁeld. 2. LEDs for phototherapy and medical treatment In order to establish a consensus that LED can be a safe and effective alternative to incoherent lights and laser (or other coherent lights) for photo rejuvenation and a variety of medical treatments, this research explores the papers that discuss such treatments using either conventional light sources or LEDs. 2.1. Relief for disorder and stress Delayed sleep-phase disorder is a type of circadian rhythm disorder that affects the timing of sleep. Patients with such disorder have difﬁculty sleeping and waking at the times required for normal functions. This disorder is often related to change in geographical location and night activity. People with such disorder tend to fall asleep some hours after midnight and have difﬁculty waking up in the morning. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is another common type of circadian rhythm disorder, which is characterized by symptoms such as depression during the seasons when the duration of daylight is reduced. People who suffer from SAD usually have normal mental health but tend to experience fatigue, irritability, anxiety, social withdrawal, and a lack of alertness in the seasons with less sunlight. SAD is usually treated with light therapy where patients spend time before a set of bright lights to trick their brain into believing that the days are bright. A research conducted by Lewy et al. [2] has tracked sleep, activity levels, melatonin rhythms and depression symptoms of 68 SAD patients who took either low doses of melatonin or a placebo in the morning or afternoon for a winter month. The study shows that a person’s rhythms are synchronized when the interval between the time the pineal gland begins to secret melatonin and the middle of sleep is about 6 h. These researchers propose that most patients will respond best to a low dose of the light-sensitive hormone melatonin in the afternoon in addition to 30 min of bright light in the morning. Without determining an optimal wavelength combination for SAD treatment, they suggest that clinical beneﬁt of light treatment is greater than melatonin treatment. Glickman et al. [3] have found that short wavelength light, especially blue light, demonstrates positive inﬂuence for acute melatonin suppression and circadian phase shifting. They have conducted light therapy on SAD patients using blue LEDs (468 nm at 607 mW/cm2, 27 nm half-peak bandwidth) and dim red LEDs (654 nm at 34 mW/cm2, 21 nm half-peak bandwidth). Twenty-four patients each receive 45 min of morning light treatment daily for 3 weeks. This research has demonstrated that blue light outperforms dimmer red light in reversing SAD symptoms.
2.2. Wound healing Photobiomodulation, also known as low level light therapy (LLLT), is a medical technique in which exposures to low level laser light or LEDs stimulate cellular function leading to beneﬁcial clinical effects. LLLT with light in the red to the near infrared range (630–1000 nm) has been shown to accelerate wound healing, improve recovery from ischemic injury, and attenuate degeneration in the injured optic nerve. Low ﬂuence of photo irradiation at the cellular level can generate signiﬁcant biological effects including cellular proliferation and the release of growth factors from cells. Corazza et al. [4] have compared the blood vessels proliferation effects of laser and LEDs illumination on wounds induced in rats. The results have shown that the proliferations of blood vessels in all irradiated groups are superior in comparison to those of the control group, which indicates that both LED- and laser-based LLLT have demonstrated expressive results in angiogenesis. With the inexpensive and easy-to-use LED light sources available, Erdle et al. [5] have evaluated the wound healing effect of 670-nm LED light on incisions and burn injuries in hairless mice and suggested that red light exposure may be helpful in postoperative wound repair. Their results show that while not so effective for burn injuries, 670-nm LED red light sources do accelerate healing in skin of hairless mice with incisions. Whelan et al. [6] have used the LED originally developed for NASA plant growth experiments in space to access the effects of near infrared light treatment on wounds in a genetically diabetic mouse model and have found that certain tissue regenerating genes are signiﬁcantly up regulated upon LED treatment. In a research that assesses the effects of hyperbaric oxygen and near infrared light therapy on wound healing, Whelan et al. [7] have also conducted in vitro and in vivo studies using a variety of LED wavelength, power intensity, and energy density parameters to identify conditions optimal for biostimulation. The results of theses two studies suggest that using LEDs for light therapy alone and in conjunction with hyperbaric oxygen greatly enhance the natural wound healing process, and more quickly return the patient to a pre-injury or pre-illness level. In a later research, Whelan et al. [8] have demonstrated that near infrared LED (670 nm @ 4 J/cm2) treatment heals poisoned neurons by stimulating cytochrome oxidase activity, protects against retinal damage and improves the recovery of retinal function in a rodent model of mitochondrial poison-induced blindness; and promotes retinal healing and improved visual function following highintensity laser-induced retinal injury in adult non-human primates. Both the experimental and clinical studies have found no evidence of damage to the retina or optic nerve following the LED treatment. As a result, they propose that near infrared LED photobiomodulation represents an innovative and non-invasive therapeutic approach for the treatment of retinal injury and disease. Desmet et al. [9] have also studied the use of near infrared light treatment in various in vitro and in vivo models to determine the effect of near infrared LED light treatment on physiologic and pathologic processes. Their research found that the light treatment (1) stimulates the photoacceptor cytochrome oxidase, which results in increased energy metabolism and production, (2) accelerates wound healing in ischemic rat and murine diabetic wound healing models, (3) attenuates the retinotoxic effects of methanol-derived formic acid in rat models and the developmental toxicity of dioxin in chicken embryos, and (4) prevents the development of oral mucositis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. The experimental results demonstrate that near infrared LED light treatment stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in vitro, and accelerates cell and tissue repair in vivo.
Trelles and Allone [10] have studied 10 subjects regarding the effects of a LED phototherapy system on enhancing wound healing following the combination of eyelid surgery and laser ablative resurfacing. After the surgery, one-half of each subject’s face was treated with the red LED therapy (20 min, 96 J/cm2, 633 nm), the other half of each subject’s face being the un-irradiated control. Erythema, edema, bruising, and days to healing were independently evaluated from the clinical photography. The 633 nm LED therapy-treated side is superior to the un-irradiated control by a factor of two to three in all instances. Agnol et al. [11] have compared the wound healing effect of lights using LED and laser. They have established surgical dorsum lesions on 36 rats. For those subjects that have been irradiated once with LED (640 with 40 nm full bandwidth at half maximum) or laser (660 nm) 30 min after the establishment of the lesion, the researchers have found that the two light sources produced similar effects during a period of 168 h after the establishment of the lesion. For the group consisting of diabetic animals, 72 h after creation of the lesion, the therapy with LEDs had been more efﬁcient than that with the laser in wound reduction. The results of all these researches indicate that LED, a more economical low density light source, is a great alternative to laser for LLLT. 2.3. Treatment of acne vulgaris Sun exposure has a beneﬁcial effect on acne vulgaris (commonly called acne) but how wavelengths of the sun contribute to such effect is not clear. Lights in red, blue, green, violet, and ultraviolet segments have all been reported to be effective for the treatment of acne. The following researches have been conducted to deﬁne the most effective wavelengths. Sigurdsson et al. [12] have treated 30 patients with mild to moderate facial, back, or chest acne vulgaris using three (full spectrum, green, and violet) light sources. Each patient receives a 20-min session light treatment three times a week for 7 weeks. The results show that the improvements by full spectrum, green, and violet are 14%, 22%, and 30%, respectively. While it seems that violet light is better than the other light qualities, the improvements induced by the three light sources have shown no statistically signiﬁcant difference. Papageorgiou et al. [13] have evaluated the effectiveness of blue light (peak at 415 nm) and a mixed blue and red light (peaks at 415 and 660 nm) in acne treatments. Their study randomly assigned 107 patients with mild to moderate acne in four treatment groups to be treated with blue light, mixed blue and red light, cool white light, and 5% benzoyl peroxide cream, respectively. Subjects in the phototherapy groups received irradiation 15 min daily from portable light sources. After 12 weeks of active treatment, the combined blue–red light group achieved a mean improvement of 76% in inﬂammatory lesions, signiﬁcantly superior to that in all other groups. The ﬁnal mean improvement by using blue–red light is 58%, still better than that in the other groups. Although the acne treatment studies above have not indicated the light source used for their researches, yet there should be no signiﬁcant down effect if the laser or any other light source in the treatment device is replaced with LEDs of the same frequencies according to the study of Lee et al. [14] These researchers have investigated the effectiveness of combined blue and red LEDs phototherapy for acne. They treated 24 patients with mild to moderate facial acne with alternating blue (415 nm) and red (633 nm) LED devices twice a week for 4 weeks. The study results indicate that the percentage improvements in non-inﬂammatory and inﬂammatory lesions have been 34.28% and 77.93%, respectively. Fourteen patients have reported brightened skin tone and improved skin texture. These studies basically conclude that
phototherapy with mixed blue–red light, probably by combining antibacterial and anti-inﬂammatory action, is a safe, effective, and non-painful treatment for mild to moderate acne vulgaris, with no signiﬁcant short-term adverse effects. 2.4. Photo rejuvenation Over time, skin gradually displays the effects of aging. The collagen in the skin begins to break down and results in ﬁne lines and then deeper grooves on the skin surface. Factors like sun, gravity, and hormones can speed up the aging process. The treatment of aging skin has always been a very popular topic. People who have skin conditions like ﬂushed faces, sun-damaged skin, hyperpigmentation, enlarged pores may seek for the help of cosmetic surgery procedures, including photo rejuvenation. Increasing insight into the overlap between UV-induced skin cancer and UV-induced skin aging has contributed to the development of photoaging research. And market pressures have made photoaging research a prevailing ﬁeld in investigative dermatology. Both ablative and non-ablative resurfacing have been reported as solutions to intrinsic and photoaging and as being able to generate a younger dermal matrix. Non-ablative lasers and the IPL systems are aimed to avoid the undesirable development (such as pain, bruising, and redness) following laser ablative resurfacing, but these systems are still quite expensive and therapist-intensive. As a result the patient responses have been unsatisfactory. Trelles et al. [15] suggest that no single modality can accomplish all the complex events required for effective skin rejuvenation. The combination phototherapy that uses different modalities in various combinations at sub-ablative thresholds should have better results. Therefore, the entry of blue and infrared tunable plasma light and LEDs into the skin rejuvenation arena has attracted attention.Lubart et al. [16] propose a photo rejuvenation mechanism based on light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. They irradiate collagen in vitro with a broadband of visible light (400–800 nm, 24–72 J/cm2) and have found that the irradiated collagen results in the formation of hydroxyl radicals. These researchers suggest that visible light at the energy doses used for skin rejuvenation (20–30 J/cm2) produces high amounts of ROS, which destroy old collagen ﬁbers, encouraging the formation of new ones. While at inner depths of the skin, where the light intensity is much weaker, low amounts of ROS are formed, which are well known to stimulate ﬁbroblast production. Trelles [17] have suggested that LED therapy represents a potential approach in anti-aging prevention. He has proposed to apply prevention to subjects in their very early 20 s before the appearance of ﬁne lines. The prevention can be achieved via irradiating low level photo energy with speciﬁc wavelengths that, based on the photobiological ﬁndings, can stimulate both epidermal and dermal cells. He has also reported that the LEDs from the NASA Space Medicine Program can enhance action potentials of the skin cells and increases in local blood and lymphatic ﬂow in a non-invasive, athermal manner. His conclusion is that LED-based systems can be less-expensive but clinically useful light source against photoaging. 3. Other biomedical applications LED-based biomedical systems are also proved to be effective in the areas, which are described as follows: Actinic keratosis: Actinic keratosis (AK), or solar keratosis, is a precancerous condition of thick, scaly, or crusty patches of skin associated with those who are frequently exposed to the sun. Babilas et al. [18] have conducted a controlled split-face study to evaluate the LED-based photodynamic therapy (PDT). They have
administered topical PDT to 17 patients whose AK is symmetrically distributed and suitable for a two-side comparison. After a necessary pretreatment, the AK is irradiated with incoherent lamp (160 mW/cm2; 100 J/cm2) on one side and LEDs (120 mW/ cm2; 40 J/cm2) on the other. The results, after up to 6 months of follow-up evaluation, show that the AK reduction rates via both treatments have no signiﬁcant difference (78.5% for LED vs. 80.3% for incoherent lamp). Also, there has not been signiﬁcant difference between both treatments regarding the pain, cosmetic results, and patient satisfaction. The research suggests that LED-based PDT is a safe and effective alternative to incoherent light systems for the treatment of atinic keratoses. Allergic rhinitis: Neuman and Finkelstein [19] have assessed the therapeutic effect of low-energy narrow-band red light (660 nm) phototherapy on nasal clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis in a double-blind randomized prospective study. After reviewing the effectiveness of diode laser illumination, these researchers decided to investigate the effects of a 660-nm LED on patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. Fifty allergic rhinitis patients received intranasal illumination for 4.4 min three times a day (total dose 6 J/ day) for 14 days. Twenty-nine rhinitis patients received equivalent sham illumination as placebo. As compared with 24% in the placebo group, 72% of the allergic rhinitis patients have reported improvement of symptoms following the treatment. The differences have been signiﬁcant. Same treatment has been applied to 10 nasal polyposis patients but no improvement was obtained in any of the patients. The study have lead to a conclusion that allergic rhinitis not complicated by polyps or chronic sinusitis can be effectively treated by narrow-band red light illumination of the nasal mucosa at 660 nm. Anti-inﬂammatory: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) prostaglandin E2 protects cells against cell injury in speciﬁc pathophysiological situations such as inﬂammation and oxidative stress. Some clinic studies report that irradiation of certain wavelength has anti-inﬂammatory effects during wound healing. Lim et al. [20] have investigated the anti-inﬂammatory mechanism of the red LED irradiation. The results show that 635 nm irradiation inhibits the expression of COX and prostaglandin E2 releases and appears to be useful as an anti-inﬂammatory tool. Dental application: The clinical performance of light polymerized dental composites is greatly inﬂuenced by the quality of the light-curing unit (LCU) used. The light outputs of halogen LCUs decrease with time. This may result in low degree of monomer conversion of the composites. The irradiance of LED LCUs is relatively low, yet their efﬁciency is close to that of the halogen LCUs of twice the irradiance. Studies have shown that blue light LED LCUs tend to polymerize dental composites without the above light decreasing drawbacks. Stahl et al. [21] have investigated the ﬂexural properties of three different composites with three different shades, which were polymerized with either a commercial halogen LCU or an LED LCU, respectively. In most cases there have not been any signiﬁcant differences in ﬂexural strength and modulus between composites polymerized with the two kinds of LCUs. Jaundice newborns: Newborn jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and other tissues of a newborn infant. Cremer et al. [22] ﬁrst demonstrated that such symptom of some new born infants could be reduced by exposure to sunlight or artiﬁcial blue light. Lucey et al. [23] conducted a controlled clinical experiment among 111 premature infants to test the effectiveness of artiﬁcial light in preventing newborn jaundice. The control and treated groups were comparable regarding birth weight, gestational age, ﬂuid intake, and weight loss. Infants, from 12 to 144 h of age, who need the treatment were placed in full spectrum light or blue light (450 nm) for an 8-day treatment. The results show a statistically signiﬁcant difference between the control (58 infants) and treated (53 infants)
groups. The study conducted in the incubators that consist of some daylight bulbs indicates that light treatment is a safe and simple method ideal for elimination of bilirubin in the newborn infant. Vreman et al. [24] have patented a phototherapy garment containing surface-mounted LEDs suitable for the treatment of newborn jaundice. The LEDs are arranged in a densely packed array facing the liner and emit uniform, high-intensity light. An infant who needs phototherapy can be placed inside the garment to receive uniform high-intensity blue light on a large portion of the skin. Thanks to LEDs, the size of treatment device of newborn jaundice has gone from a sizable incubator to a cozy wrap-around garment. Mucositis: Mucositis, a dose-limiting complication of cancer treatment, may disturb treatment plan and can lead to serious, and sometimes, life threatening consequences. Low level lasers have been used for oral mucositis prevention and management with good results. Lang-Bicudo et al. [25] have evaluated the effectiveness of oral mucositis prevention in a cancer patient via phototherapy using LEDs. In their study, a 34-year-old man received intraoral irradiation with an infrared LED array (880 nm, 3.6 J/cm2, 74 mW) for 5 consecutive days starting on chemotherapy day 1. The patient has not developed any oral mucositis during the ﬁve chemotherapy cycles and has had no pain symptoms. This result indicates that LED therapy is a safe and effective method for oral mucositis prevention. Rheumatoid arthritis: McDonald [26] has conducted a study in which she instructed 60 female rheumatoid arthritis patients to place their hands into a box to be exposed in blue light for up to 15 min. Most subjects have experienced a pain relief after the exposure. McDonald has concluded that the pain relief is due to the blue light and the length of time exposed. The longer the exposure is, the greater the chance of pain relief. While the light source used in this 1982 study is not speciﬁed, there is no reason to rule out that blue light LED will have similar treatment effect. Hart and Malak [27] have patented a therapeutic light source for the treatment of arthritis or joint inﬂammation. The device includes a set of 350 to 1000 nm LEDs and ﬁber optic connections for treating and reducing inﬂammation and edema both internal and external, to joints, muscles, nerves, and skin tissues of the subject. The device can be worn in contact with the skin and surrounding the areas of inﬂammation, edema, neural, and muscular damage over short and long periods of time. Venous ulcer: Caetano et al. [28] have used a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study to compare a total of 20 patients divided into three groups to test the hypothesis that LED phototherapy with combined 660- and 890-nm light will promote healing of venous. The study has conﬁrmed that phototherapy promotes healing of chronic venous ulcers, particularly large recalcitrant ulcers that do not respond to conventional treatment. Other areas: Whelan et al. [29] have used LEDs with lightactivated chemotherapeutic drugs to support that LED-technology is biologically optimal for PDT of cancer. These researchers reported that LED-technology developed for NASA plant growth experiments in space shows promise for delivering light deep into tissues to promote wound healing and tissue growth. The light therapy using these NASA LEDs signiﬁcantly improves the medical care for astronauts on space missions. They also present the results of LED treatment of cells grown in culture and the effects of LEDs on patients’ chronic and acute wounds. Their researches have other contributions that include (1) improving wound healing in laboratory animals by using LED light along with high-pressure oxygen; (2) improving over 40% in human musculoskeletal training injuries and decreasing wound healing time; (3) increasing in vitro animal cell growth to 140–200%; (4) increasing normal human epithelial cells growth to 155–171%; (5) producing a 47% pain reduction in children suffering from oral mucositis; and (6)
N.G. Yeh et al. / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 2161–2166 Table 1 Some common types of LEDs (as compiled from [1,32–34]) and their potential use for medical treatments. Color Infrared Far red/near infrared Red Red Red Orange-red Orange Yellow-orange Yellow Yellow Yellow Green Green Green Blue Blue Peak wavelength (nm) >760 730 700 660 650 630 610 590–610 590 585 570–590 565 530–555 500–570 450–500 450 Material and structure GaAs, AlGaAs GaAs GaP:Zn–O GaAl0.35As0.65 GaAs0.6P0.4 GaAs0.35P0.65:N GaAs0.25P0.75:N AlGaInP GaAs0.15P0.85:N GaAs0.14P0.86:N GaAsP, AlGaInP GaP:N AlGaInN InGaN, AlGaInP, AlGaP ZnSe, InGaN GaN Substrate – GaP GaP GaAs GaAs GaP GaP GaP GaP GaAs GaP GaP GaN GaN SiC SiC Suitable for
Oral mucositis prevention and management (880 mm) [25] Mucositis prevention, wound healing, and tissue repair [9] Low level light therapy (630–1000 mm) [4] Allergic rhinitis treatment [20], incision recovering [11], venous ulcer treatment [28], wound healing [8] Wound healing [11] Acne treatment [14], anti-inﬂammatory/wound healing [10,21] – – – – – – – – Treatment of seasonal affective disorder [3], dental composite polymerization [22], treatment of rheumatoid arthritis [26,27] Water puriﬁcation, biomedical researches [35–37]
Ultraviolet Ultraviolet
400 210–400
AlGaN AlGaInN
AlN Diamond(C)
quintupling DNA synthesis in ﬁbroblasts and muscle cells in one application using the combination of 680, 730 and 880 nm LED. 4. Conclusion Besides being used for the treatments of rhinitis, arthritis, jaundice, etc. LEDs are used for the relief of stress, seasonal affective disorder, and biological clock disorders; not to mention that LEDs are thriving in the ﬁeld of low intensity photo rejuvenation. The LED-based PDT has even been expanded to cancer treatments [30]. LEDs allow the adjustment of light intensity. They have the ability to produce high light levels with low radiant heat output and maintain useful light output for years. LED-based systems can provide a homogenous light dose in optimal intensity. While lasers provide tissue stimulations which increase cellular activity during wound healing, they have limitation in wavelengths. It is difﬁcult for lasers to produce the efﬁcient wavelength combination optimal for wound healing. The size of wounds that may be treated by the small beam width of laser is also limited. In contrast, LEDs allow the control of spectral composition and can be arranged in ﬂat arrays of all sizes for the treatment of small or large areas. LEDs offer an effective alternative to conventional light sources also for the following reasons: 1. Using LED array light source for medical devices is much more economical than using IPL or laser sources. LEDs are highly durable and thus are less-expensive in the long term. Their compact and light design and the resulting lower weight make the use of LED systems simpler. 2. Solid-state high efﬁciency LED is safer to use than the traditional gas laser. The energy level of LED is low. When used in medical treatment, LED-based systems do not need a high voltage power supply as required in laser-based ones. When required, LEDbased devices are more easily to be made self-contained. They can be continuously operated with a battery pack for a longer period. For any medical treatment equipment, especially those used in the remote areas where no modern utilities are readily available, this is an attractive feature. 3. While many of the wavelength segments are not yet available in semiconductor laser, wavelengths generated from LEDs have covered partial ultraviolet, near infrared, and almost all the visible bands.
4. LEDs produce less heat than high-pressure lamps and thus the hyperthermic effects that can be induced by high-intensity light sources are avoided. As a result, LEDs can be placed in a closer range from the treatment areas than other light sources so there will be less distance to diminish the intensity required. This accounts for more energy saving. 5. Their relatively narrow emission spectrum of LED systems can be optimally tuned so as to correspond to the treatment requirement and thus eliminates wavelengths not needed for the therapy. As a result, the irradiation time required for treatment is much shorter than with incoherent light sources. The studies reviewed in this paper indicate that LEDs have opened up new prospects as an effective light source of phototherapy and medical treatment as they have in indoor agriculture. One thing noteworthy is that the wavelengths proved to be effective are centralized in red, blue, and infrared segments (see Table 1) for both agricultural production and medical treatment. It is safe to say that the researches about the biomedical effect of other wavelengths (i.e. orange, yellow, and green) may lead to additional discoveries. As the LED-manufacturing related patents issued since 1990 will expire starting from 2010 [31], LED-manufacturers who hold patents may expand their license deals with other companies to make full use of those patents before the expiration date. These manufacturers may also develop new patent technology to produce new products that can boost the LED industry. All these lead to lower LED costs and more LED varieties. Therefore, LEDbased applications, along with phototherapy, are setting out for a superior outlook in the years to come as LED becomes more qualiﬁed to replace its more energy demanding counterparts. Acknowledgement This study is supported by grant from National Science Council of Taiwan under the contract No. NSC: 98-2313-B-451-001-MY3. References
[1] Yeh N, Chung J-P. High-brightness LEDs—energy efﬁcient lighting sources and their potential in indoor plant cultivation. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2009;13:2175–80. [2] Lewy AJ, Leﬂer BJ, Emens JS, Bauer VK. The circadian basis of winter depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103(May):7414–9.
N.G. Yeh et al. / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 2161–2166 [19] Neuman I, Finkelstein Y. Narrow-band red light phototherapy in perennial allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78(April):399–406. [20] Lim W, Lee S, Kim I, Chung M, Kim M, Lim H, et al. The anti-inﬂammatory mechanism of 635 nm lightemitting-diode irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors. Lasers Surg Med 2007;3(August):614–21. [21] Stahl F, Ashworth SH, Jandt KD, Mills RW. Light-emitting diode (LED) polymerisation of dental composites: ﬂexural properties and polymerisation potential. Biomaterials 2000;21(July):1379–85. [22] Cremer RJ, Perryman PW, Richards DH. Inﬂuence of light on the hyperbilirubinaemia of infants. Lancet 1958;1(May):1094–7. [23] Lucey J, Ferriero M, Hewitt J. Prevention of hyperbilirubinemia of prematurity by phototherapy. Pediatrics 1968;41(June):1047–54. [24] Vreman HJ, Seidman DS, Stevenson DK. Phototherapy of jaundiced newborns using garments containing semiconductor light-emitting devices, US Patent 6,596,016; 2003. [25] Lang-Bicudo L, Eduardo Fde P, Eduardo Cde P, Zezell DM. LED phototherapy to prevent mucositis: a case report. Photomed Laser Surg 2008;26(December):609–13. [26] McDonald SF. Effect of visible light waves on arthritis pain: a controlled study. Int J of Biosocial Research 1982;3(2):49–54. [27] Hart, BM, Malak H. Joint/tissue inﬂammation therapy and monitoring device(s) JITMon device. US Patent no.: US20030167080A1; 2003. [28] Caetano KS, Frade MA, Minatel DG, Santana LA, Enwemeka CS. Phototherapy improves healing of chronic venous ulcers. Photomed Laser Surg )2009;(January). [29] Whelan HT, Buchmann EV, Whelan NT, Turner SG, Cevenini V, Stinson H, et al. NASA light emitting diode medical applications from deep space to deep sea. In: Space Technology and Applications International Forum-2001, vol. 552. 2001. p. 35–45. [30] Araujo AHPC, Da Silva N, Moraes K. Cellular and molecular studies of the initial process of the photodynamic therapy in HEp-2 cells using LED light source and two different photosensitizers. Cell Biol Int 2009;33:785–95. [31] LEDinside News, Many patents will expire in 2010, LED market would be reformed; 2008. ´ B. LEDs move into the ultraviolet; 2006. [32] Dume [33] Wetzel C, Detchprohm T, Hanser D, Preble E. Closing the ‘‘Green Gap’’ in LED materials. In: Presented in US DOE Solid Stante Lighting R&D Workshop; 2009. [34] Nishida T, Ban T, Saito H, Makimoto T. High current injection to a UV-LED grown on a bulk AlN substrate. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 2004;798. [35] Kaidbey KH, Kligman AM. Sunburn protection by longwave ultraviolet radiation-induced pigmentation. Arch Dermatol 1978;114(January):46–8. [36] Mills OH, Kligman AM. Ultraviolet phototherapy and photochemotherapy of acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1978;114(February):221–3. [37] Kaidbey KH, Kligman AM. The acute effects of long-wave ultraviolet radiation on human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1979;72(May):253–6.
[3] Glickman GBB, Pineda C, Hauck WW, Brainard GC. Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder with blue narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Biol Psychiatry 2006;59:502–7. [4] Corazza AV, Jorge J, Kurachi C, Bagnato VS. Photobiomodulation on the angiogenesis of skin wounds in rats using different light sources. Photomed Laser Surg 2007;April (25):102–6. [5] Erdle BJ, Brouxhon S, Kaplan M, Vanbuskirk J, Pentland AP. Effects of continuous-wave (670-nm) red light on wound healing. Dermatol Surg 2008;March (34):320–5. [6] Whelan HT, Buchmann EV, Dhokalia A, Kane MP, Whelan NT, Wong-Riley MTT, et al. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on molecular changes for wound healing in diabetic mice. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2003;21(April):67–74. [7] Whelan HT, Smits Jr RL, Buchman EV, Whelan NT, Turner SG, Margolis DA, et al. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2001;19(December):305–14. [8] Whelan HT, Wong-Riley MTT, Eells JT, VerHoeve JN, Das R, Jett M. DARPA soldier self care: rapid healing of laser eye injuries with light emitting diode technology. RTO MP HFM 2004;109:19–37. [9] Desmet KD, Paz DA, Corry JJ, Eells JT, Wong-Riley MTT, et al. Clinical and experimental applications of NIR-LED photobiomodulation. Photomed Laser Surg 2006;24(Apr):121–8. [10] Trelles MA, Allones I. Red light-emitting diode (LED) therapy accelerates wound healing post-blepharoplasty and periocular laser ablative resurfacing. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2006;8(April):39–42. [11] Agnol MAD, Nicolau RA, Lima CJD, Munin E. Comparative analysis of coherent light action (laser) versus non-coherent light (light-emitting diode) for tissue repair in diabetic rats. Lasers Med Sci 2009. [12] Sigurdsson V, Knulst AC, van Weelden H. Phototherapy of acne vulgaris with visible light. Dermatology 1997;194:256–60. [13] Papageorgiou P, Katsambas A, Chu A. Phototherapy with blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2000;142(May):973–8. [14] Lee SY, You CE, Park MY. Blue and red light combination LED phototherapy for acne vulgaris in patients with skin phototype IV. Lasers Surg Med 2007;39(February):180–8. [15] Trelles MA, Mordon S, Calderhead RG. Facial rejuvenation and light: our personal experience. Lasers Med Sci 2007;22(June):93–9. [16] Lubart R, Friedmann H, Lavie R, Longo L, Jacobi J, Baruchin O, et al. A reasonable mechanism for visible lightinduced skin rejuvenation. Lasers Med Sci 2007;22(March):1–3. [17] Trelles MA. Phototherapy in anti-aging and its photobiologic basics: a new approach to skin rejuvenation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2006;5(March):87–91. [18] Babilas PTR, Werner A, Landthaler M, Szeimies RM. Split-face-study using two different light sources for topical PDT of actinic keratoses: non-inferiority of the LED system. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2008;6(January (1)):25–32. Epub 2007 Nov. 9 English, German. PMID: 17995967 [PubMet-indexed for MEDLINE].
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Patent US20100074462 - Headset and Method of Using the Same - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA headset includes a main body, an earpiece formed on a side of the main body, a holder connecting part formed on another side of the main body, a coupling member that is coupled to the holder to support the holder on the holder connecting part, and an elastic member for pulling the holder toward the...http://www.google.com/patents/US20100074462?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20100074462 - Headset and Method of Using the SameAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20100074462 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/913,309PCT numberPCT/KR2007/002214Publication dateMar 25, 2010Filing dateMay 4, 2007Priority dateOct 10, 2006Also published asCN101322434A, EP1943875A1, EP1943875A4, WO2008044819A1Publication number11913309, 913309, PCT/2007/2214, PCT/KR/2007/002214, PCT/KR/2007/02214, PCT/KR/7/002214, PCT/KR/7/02214, PCT/KR2007/002214, PCT/KR2007/02214, PCT/KR2007002214, PCT/KR200702214, PCT/KR7/002214, PCT/KR7/02214, PCT/KR7002214, PCT/KR702214, US 2010/0074462 A1, US 2010/074462 A1, US 20100074462 A1, US 20100074462A1, US 2010074462 A1, US 2010074462A1, US-A1-20100074462, US-A1-2010074462, US2010/0074462A1, US2010/074462A1, US20100074462 A1, US20100074462A1, US2010074462 A1, US2010074462A1InventorsSung Ho Lee, Se Hyun LeeOriginal AssigneeSung Ho Lee, Se Hyun LeeExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (2), Classifications (4), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetHeadset and Method of Using the SameUS 20100074462 A1Abstract A headset includes a main body, an earpiece formed on a side of the main body, a holder connecting part formed on another side of the main body, a coupling member that is coupled to the holder to support the holder on the holder connecting part, and an elastic member for pulling the holder toward the holder connecting part.
a main body; an earpiece on a side of the main body; a holder connecting part spaced apart from the earpiece on the main body; a holder; a coupling member coupled to the holder to support the holder on the holder connecting part; and an elastic member for exerting a force on the holder toward the holder connecting part. 2. The headset according claim 1, wherein at least a part of the holder functions as a rotational shaft that is rotatably inserted in the holder connecting part.
3. The headset according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member is interposed between the coupling member and the holder connecting part.
4. The headset according to claim 1, wherein the holder and the holder connecting part are provided at contacting surfaces with corresponding fixing grooves and fixing projections to fix the holder at a right location during the rotation of the holder.
5. The headset according to claim 1, wherein the holder comprises a contact part formed of a soft material, wherein the contact part is provided at an outer surface of the holder.
6. The headset according to claim 1, wherein the earpiece is capable of being inserted in a gap defined between a tragus and an antihelix of an ear or inserted into an external auditory canal.
7. The headset according to claim 1, wherein the holder comprises a hook part extending in a direction that is not parallel with a rotational axis of the holder.
8. The headset according to claim 1, wherein the earpiece comprises a soft member formed of a soft material, wherein the soft member is provided at an edge of the earpiece.
9. The headset according to claim 1, further comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of a mobile communication module, a speaker, and a microphone, wherein the at least one component is installed in the main body.
10. The headset according to claim 1, wherein sound is output through the earpiece.
a main body; an earpiece on a side of the main body; a holder spaced apart from the earpiece on the main body; and a hinge provided in a connecting part that connects the holder to the main body, wherein the hinge allows the holder to rotate relative to the main body and provides a force for maintaining the holder at two or more rotational angles. 12. The headset according to claim 11, wherein the earpiece comprises a soft member formed of a soft material, wherein the soft member is provided at an edge of the earpiece.
13. The headset according to claim 11, wherein the holder comprises a contact part formed of a soft material, wherein the contact part is provided at a portion of an outer surface of the holder.
14. The headset according to claim 11, further comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of a mobile communication module, a speaker, and a microphone, wherein the at least one component is installed in the main body.
15. The headset according to claim 14, wherein the mobile communication module is a Bluetooth communication module.
16. The headset according to claim 11, wherein the hinge is a click type hinge or a free-stop hinge.
17. The headset according to claim 11, wherein the earpiece and the holder are formed on a surface of the main body, which is oriented toward an ear.
18. The headset according to claim 11, wherein the holder is capable of being held on a helix or a tragus of an auricle.
19. The headset according to claim 11, wherein the holder is provided with a hook part extending in a direction that is not parallel with a rotational axis of the holder.
20. The headset according to claim 11, wherein the earpiece is capable of being inserted in a portion of an ear defined between a tragus and a antihelix or inserted into an external auditory canal.
21. A method of using a headset, comprising:
inserting an earpiece into an ear, the earpiece protruding from a main body of the headset and capable of outputting sound; and holding a holder on a portion of an auricle so that the main body can be securely supported on the ear, the holder being separated apart from the earpiece on the main body and protruding in a same direction as the earpiece. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the portion of the auricle, on which the holder is held, is a helix or a concha. Description
TECHNICAL FIELD The embodiment relates to a headset that is held over the ear so that the user can listen to sound output therefrom.
BACKGROUND ART With the development of the electronic and communications technology, mobile devices have been widespread. In addition, in order to fulfill the user's requirements, the functions of the mobile devices have been diversified while the size thereof has been gradually reduced.
Accordingly, a variety of peripheral devices that are used by being associated with the mobile devices have been released. For example, the peripheral devices include an attachable or built-in camera device, a smart card that is generally used as a sub-memory, and a headset that is held over the ear and performs a wireless communication with the mobile device through a wireless communication module to enable the user more conveniently use the mobile device.
The following will describe a headset having Bluetooth capability according to the related art. Mobile devices having the Bluetooth capability is equipped with, in addition to a main antenna module, an antenna module for the Bluetooth that operates in a 2.4 Ghz band. In addition, a Bluetooth module is mounted on a mainboard of the mobile device to perform a near field communication with the Bluetooth headset. The Bluetooth headset having the Bluetooth capability with the Bluetooth device is used as a hand-free device. However, since the Bluetooth headset does not require a cable, the handling convenience of the device can be improved and is easier to carry as compared with the conventional wire earphone for the hand-free set.
The Bluetooth headset of the related art includes a headset main body in which a variety of circuit devices including a Bluetooth module are installed and which is provided at a side with a microphone for receiving a sound signal from the user and an earpiece installed on a surface of the headset main body and provided at an extreme end with a speaker for outputting the sound signal. The earpiece is fitted in the ear. However, in the Bluetooth headset of the related art, since the earpiece is simply fitted in the ear, the headset is easily removed from the ear when the user moves excessively his/her body.
Further, since the ears have different shapes and sizes, the earpieces may not fit well when they are designed in an identical size and shape.
DISCLOSURE Technical Problem An embodiment provides a headset that can be stably held over the ear even when intensive outer force is applied thereto, e.g., even when the user does a violent exercise. Another embodiment provides a headset that is designed to fit well to the ear, thereby improving the wearing comfort.
Technical Solution The embodiment provides a headset comprising: a main body; an earpiece formed on a side of the main body; a holder connecting part formed on another side of the main body; a coupling member that is coupled to the holder to support the holder on the holder connecting part; and an elastic member for pulling the holder toward the holder connecting part.
The embodiment provides a headset comprising: a main body; an earpiece formed on a side of the main body; a holder formed on another side of the main body; and a hinge provided in a connecting part that connects the holder to the main body to allow the holder to rotate relative to the main body and provides a force for maintaining the holder at two or more rotational angles.
The embodiment provides a method of using a headset, comprising: inserting an earpiece into an ear, the earpiece protruding from a main body of the headset and outputting sound; and holding a holder on an auricle so that the main body can be securely supported on the ear, the holder being a separated part from the earpiece and protruding in an same direction as the earpiece.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS According to the above embodiments, since the headset is stably adhered to the ear, the headset can be stably held over the ear even when intensive outer force is applied thereto, e.g., even when the user does a violent exercise.
Furthermore, since the headset is designed to fit well to the ear, the wearing comfort can be improved.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a headset according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a headset according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a bottom perspective view of a holder connecting part of a headset according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side sectional view of a headset according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a headset according to another embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a bottom perspective view of a holder connecting part of a headset according to another embodiment; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic side sectional view illustrating an internal structure of a headset according to an embodiment.
BEST MODE Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art.
First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a headset according to an embodiment, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the headset of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a schematic side sectional view of the headset of FIG. 1. Here, as FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view, each of parts, which is represented by a identical hatching line, is illustrated as an integral part but this integral part may be formed with two or more different parts that are interconnected.
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, a headset A of this embodiment includes a headset main body 100, an earpiece 110 that outputs sound and is fitted in the ear, more exactly, in an external auditory canal, a holder 200 rotatably coupled to the headset main body 100, and a coupling screw and spring 300 and 400 for connecting the holder 200 to the headset main body 100.
Although not shown in the drawings, a communication module such as a Bluetooth module, a control unit for amplifying signals transmitted to or from the Bluetooth module or modulating frequencies, a power supply unit for supplying electric power to the Bluetooth module and the control unit, and the like are installed in the headset main body 100. In addition, manipulation buttons for manipulating the operation of the headset A and a microphone are provided on an outer portion of the headset main body 100. The earpiece 110 is installed on a lower end of the headset main body 100 with reference to the drawings and the microphone is formed at a side far from the earpiece 110. With this structure, when the earpiece 110 is fixedly inserted in the ear, the microphone is oriented toward the user's mouth. In addition, a soft material member 111 formed of, for example, rubber is installed around an end of the earpiece 110 to enhance the frictional force by which the headset main body 100 is stably fixed in the ear.
Further, a holder connecting part 120 is formed beside the earpiece on a surface where the earpiece 110 is provided. The holder connecting part 120 can be more clearly understood by a bottom perspective view of FIG. 3.
Referring to FIG. 3, the holder connecting part 120 protrudes downward from the headset main body 100 and is provided with a circular through hole 121. In addition, the holder connecting part 120 is provided at a surface facing the holder 200 with a plurality of fixing projections 122 spaced apart from each other by a uniform distance. In FIG. 4, although four fixing projections 122 are shown, the present invention is not limited to this. The number of the fixing projections 122 may be increased if required. The holder 200 is rotatably coupled to the holder connecting part 120 of the headset main body 100.
In more detail, the holder 200 is provided with an insertion part 210 corresponding to the through hole 121 of the holder connecting part 120. The insertion part 210 is provided at an inner surface with a female thread 211 that is screw-coupled with a coupling screw 300. The holder 20 is provided at a surface facing the holder connecting part 120 with a plurality of fixing groove 220 corresponding to the fixing projections 122. In FIG. 3, although eight fixing grooves 220 are shown, the present invention is not limited to this. The number of the fixing grooves 220 may vary depending on a rotational angle of the holder 220.
With this structure, the fixing projections 122 are engaged with the fixing grooves 220 at every 45� rotation of the holder 200 so that the stopped position of the holder 200 can be maintained. The reason for providing the plurality of the fixing projections is to securely maintain the stopped position of the holder 200. The reason for providing the plurality of the fixing grooves 220 is to set a rotational angle between the stopped positions. Needless to say, the forming locations of the fixing grooves 200 and the fixing projections 122 may be changed with each other. In addition, by varying the numbers of the fixing grooves 200 and the fixing projections 122, the snap feeling of the user may be improved.
A soft contact part 230 is provided on an outer surface of the holder 200. The contact part 230 may be completely formed of rubber or formed by coating a rubber material on a hard member. The soft contact part 230 allows the headset A to be securely fixed over the ear while preventing acute pain of the user. In the drawings, although the contact part 230 is fully formed of the rubber, the present invention is not limited to this. Here, the holder 200 is a major part for stably fixing the headset A over the ear. That is, by rotating the holder 200, the holder 200 is fitted on a specific portion of the user's auricle so that the position of the headset A is supported over the ear.
In order to fix the holder 200 on the users auricle, a hook part 240 is provided to extend from a lower portion of the contact part 230 in a predetermined direction. The extending direction of the hook part 240 is not parallel with a rotational axis of the holder 200 but inclined. Therefore, when the contact part 230 rotates, the hook part 240 is hooked on the auricle and thus the headset A is more securely supported over the ear. At this point, the hook part 240 may be hooked on a helix that is an outermost part of the auricle or on a concha defined in the helix.
Here, as the helix is the outermost part of the auricle, the hook part 240 is hooked on the helix and thus the earpiece 110 may be hooked in a portion defined between the tragus and antihelix. That is, the hook part 240 does not need to be deeply inserted in an external auditory canal. Furthermore, by the earpiece 110, there is no need for the headset A to be position-fixed by itself. Therefore, the overall size of the headset A can be reduced. In addition, the user's displeasure caused by the earpiece 110 hooked on the auricle can be reduced. Needless to say, when the earpiece 110 is configured to be deeply inserted in the external auditory canal, the headset A may be more securely fixed.
Further, the concha is a part positioned right above the external auditory canal defined inside the helix. Therefore, the headset can be securely fixed by the hook part 240 hooked on the concha. In this case, since the hook part 240 is not exposed to an external side, the product image can be improved.
In the foregoing description of the exemplary embodiment, the holder is hooked on the helix or the concha. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. That is, the hook part 240 may be hooked on other portions of the auricle so that the self-gravity of the headset can be supported. Needless to say, when the holder is hooked on the helix or the concha, the headset can be more securely fixed. However, as the hook part 240 rotates, the hook part is not in the way where the user wears the headset. After the headset is positioned at an accurate location, the hook part 240 further rotates so that the hook part 240 can be supported at the accurate position. The coupling screw 300 has a male thread corresponding to the female thread 211 formed on the holder 200 so that the holder 200 can be stably coupled to the headset main body 100. The spring 400 is interposed between the insertion part 210 of the holder 200 inserted into the holder connecting part 100 and the coupling screw 300 to pull the holder toward the headset main body 100. That is, the holder 200 closely contacts the holder connecting part 120 of the headset main body 100 by the elastic force of the spring 400.
Accordingly, the insertion part 210 of the holder 200 is inserted in the through hole 121 of the holder connecting part 120 and subsequently the spring 300 is installed in the insertion part 210. Next, the female thread 211 of the insertion part 210 is coupled to the coupling screw 300 while pressing the spring 300.
The following will describe the use of the headset structured as described above according to an embodiment. However, since an electronic operation using, for example, the Bluetooth module is similar to that of the related art, a description thereof will be omitted herein. Therefore, only a wearing method of the headset over the ear will be described hereinafter.
First, after the earpiece 110 is securely inserted in the external auditory canal of the ear, the user rotates the holder 20 by a desired angle so that the holder 200 can be hooked on the auricle and thus the headset A can be securely position over the ear. At this point, as described above, the hook part 240 is hooked on a specific portion of the auricle. Furthermore, it can be understood that, by varying the rotational angle of the holder 200 depending on the shape and size of the ear, the holder can be positioned on a more desired location.
Describing the rotating operation of the holder 200 in more detail, the holder 200 is fixed by the coupling screw 300 before the headset A is held over the ear. At this point, the fixing projections 122 and the fixing grooves 220 are engaged with each other by the elastic force of the spring 400 so as to limit the rotation of the holder 200. In this state, the user rotates the holder 200 in response to the auricle. At this point, the user pulls the holder 200 with a force greater than the elastic force of the spring 400 and, after the fixing projections 122 are disengaged with the fixing grooves 220, rotates the holder 200 to accurately adjust the location where the hook part 240 is hooked on the auricle. Subsequently, since the fixing projections 122 are engaged with the fixing grooves 220, the rotated portion of the holder 200 can be securely maintained.
Further, in order to remove the headset A from the ear, the process is performed in an opposite order to the above-described process.
The above-described using method of the present invention is different from that of the prior art headset having an oval-shaped support that is held over the auricle so that the headset main body can be disposed on a predetermined location but the earpiece is positioned at different locations according to the users. That is, since the users have ears that have different shapes and sizes, the earpiece cannot be aligned with the accurate location even when the support is hooked on the auricle. However, according to the using method of the present invention, since the holder can be position at a proper location depending on the shape and size of the ear after the earpiece is accurately inserted in the ear, the earpiece can be positioned at the right location of the external auditory canal regardless of the shape and size of the ear. Furthermore, the headset can be securely fixed over the ear in a state where the headset is positioned at the accurate location by the holder.
Meanwhile, in the above description, the insertion part, spring, and coupling screw, which enable the rotation of the holder and the holder connection part, may be referred to as a hinge assembly that induces the operational characteristic for rotating the holder relative to the holder connecting part.
Second Embodiment FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a headset according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 6 is a bottom perspective view of a holder connecting part of the headset of FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a schematic side sectional view illustrating an internal structure of the headset of FIG. 5.
Constituent parts of a headset B of this second embodiment, which are identical to those of the headset A of the first embodiment, will not be described.
Referring to FIGS. 5 through 7, a headset B of this second embodiment includes a headset main body 10, a holder connecting part 23 provided with a first hinge groove 22, and a holder 20 provided with a second hinge groove 25 corresponding to the first hinge groove 22, and a hinge 33 inserted in the first and second hinge grooves 22 and 25.
The hinge 33 includes a main body part 31 that is shaped to be inserted into the first hinge groove 22 and a holder part 32 that is shaped to be inserted in the second hinge groove 25 of the holder 20. The main body part 31 and the holder part 32 are designed to rotate about a common axis relative to each other. For example, the hinge 33 may be a click type hinge that rotates within a predetermined range and is fixed at the rotated angle, or a free-stop hinge that set at a variety of angles in accordance with the user's selection.
The click type hinge and the free-stop hinge are configured such that the main body part and the holder part rotate relative to each other in a state where a cam controlling a rotational angle and a spring applying an elastic force to a predetermined rotational angle of the cap. Since such click type and free-stop hinges have been widely used and developed for mobile phones, a detailed description thereof will be omitted herein. Further, by varying a cam profile applied to the hinge, an angle at which the hinge is fixed can be variously adjusted.
After the hinge 33 is inserted in the first and second hinge grooves 22 and 25, the earpiece is aligned in the external auditory canal. Subsequently, the holder 20 rotates to meet with the auricle (i.e., helix or concha of the auricle) and the holder 20 is fixed at a predetermined angle. Then, the hook part 26 is hooked on a specific location of the auricle to securely fix the position of the headset.
Mode for Invention In the above-described embodiments, although a Bluetooth headset having a Bluetooth module is described, the present invention is not limited to this case. That is, the present invention may be applied to other wireless headsets to which other wireless communication standard is applied. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to the wire headset.
Furthermore, the constituent parts each integrally represented by hatching in the drawings may be formed by combining two or more different parts. This will come within the scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, in the drawings, although the hook part extends in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the holder, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. That is, the hook position of the hook part with respect to a specific location of the auricle during the rotation of the holder can be varied just when the hook part extends in an inclined direction with respect to the rotational axis of the holder. That is, the hook part may be provided just to be inclined with respect to the rotational axis to the holder.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the headset of the embodiments, the hook part can be positioned at a proper location by rotating the holder regardless of the shape and size of the ear. Therefore, even when the headset is designed in a single size and shape, it can be stable held over the ear while improving the wearing comfort.
Furthermore, the headset is securely held over the ear by holder as well as the fixing operation of the earpiece even when intensive outer force is applied thereto, e.g., even when the user do a violent exercise.
Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8059845 *Jan 29, 2008Nov 15, 2011Bryant Joshua RIn ear communications device and stabilizerUS8090135 *Oct 18, 2007Jan 3, 2012Cheng Uei Precision Industry Co., Ltd.Communication headset* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification381/381International ClassificationH04R25/00Cooperative ClassificationH04R1/1016European ClassificationH04R1/10BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 8, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: LG INNOTEK CO., LTD.,KOREA, REPUBLIC OFFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LEE, SUNG HO;LEE, SE HYUN;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100325;REEL/FRAME:20481/57Effective date: 20071022Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LEE, SUNG HO;LEE, SE HYUN;REEL/FRAME:020481/0057RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google