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Patent US7146040 - Automatic white balance technique - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method and a system for an automatic white balancing of color images being exposed to different illuminants have been achieved. The color information from the sensor color channels is measured and averaged over all pixels belonging to each of the colors of the color array used. The result is equivalent...http://www.google.com/patents/US7146040?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7146040 - Automatic white balance techniqueAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7146040 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/277,068Publication dateDec 5, 2006Filing dateOct 21, 2002Priority dateSep 25, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asEP1406454A1, US20040057615Publication number10277068, 277068, US 7146040 B2, US 7146040B2, US-B2-7146040, US7146040 B2, US7146040B2InventorsAnders Johannesson, Ingemar LarssonOriginal AssigneeDialog Imaging Systems GmbhExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (14), Referenced by (3), Classifications (7), Legal Events (10) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAutomatic white balance techniqueUS 7146040 B2Abstract A method and a system for an automatic white balancing of color images being exposed to different illuminants have been achieved. The color information from the sensor color channels is measured and averaged over all pixels belonging to each of the colors of the color array used. The result is equivalent to what color a 1-pixel camera would see if pointed to the same scene. From this �statistical pixel� the ratios of the colors involved are calculated. Pictures taken in different illuminants as e.g. daylight, fluorescent light or incandescent light can then be separated due to their location in different categories in a space defined by said ratios of the colors involved. Each category has predefined white balance factors, which are applied to the image now.
1. A method for an automatic white balancing of color images for different illuminants comprising:
determine the average pixel values of the colors of the color array used;
calculate ratios of the average pixel values of the previous step;
use the ratios of the previous step to categorize the image into different classes according to a prevalent illumination; and
apply predefined white balance factors according to the illumination category of the previous step.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said colors of the color array used are Red, Green and Blue.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said different classes are two classes for daylight, and indoor tungsten light.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said different classes are two classes for daylight, and indoor fluorescent light.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said different classes are two classes for indoor tungsten and indoor fluorescent light.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said different classes are three classes for daylight, indoor tungsten light and indoor fluorescent light.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein more than three classes of illumination are categorized.
8. A method for an automatic white balancing of color images for different illuminants comprising:
determine the average pixel values of the colors Red, Green and Blue;
use the ratios of the previous step to categorize the image into one of the classes daylight, indoor tungsten light or indoor fluorescent light according to a prevalent illumination; and
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said average pixel values are calculated for the colors Red, Green and Blue using the equations:
R ave =ΣR ij /N r,
G ave =ΣG ij /N g,
B ave =ΣB ij /N b,
wherein Nr equals the total number of red pixels in the image, Ng equals the total number of green pixels and Nb equals the number of blue pixels, Rij equals the Red pixel value of the co-ordinates l, j within the color filter array, Gij and Bij correspond to the Green and Blue pixel values.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein said ratios of the average pixel values are
A = B ave R ave   and   B = G ave R ave wherein Bave is the average pixel value of the color Blue, Gave is the average pixel value of the color Green and Rave is the average pixel value of the color Red.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein said categorization of the illumination of the images is performed on the basis of said ratios of the average pixel values using a two-dimensional space having as co-ordinates said ratios of the average pixel values.
12. A system for an automatic white balancing of color images comprising:
color sensors for each color of the color array used;
a non-volatile memory to store predefined white balance values for different illuminations;
a processor to perform the processing of the color images wherein said processor comprises:
a statistical block wherein the average pixel values of selected color arrays and related ratios are being computed;
a classification block to determine, based on said related ratios, an illumination category of a color picture and related white balance values from said non-volatile memory;
a white balancing block to perform the white balancing calculation of the pixels of the color image using said white balance values from said non-volatile memory;
a color and image processing block performing other image processing functions; and
another image processing block.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the color array used is Red, Green and Blue.
14. The system of claim 12 wherein the selected color array is Red, Green and Blue.
15. The system of claim 12 wherein said average pixel values computed by the statistical block are
16. The system of claim 12 wherein said ratios of the average pixel values are
This invention relates generally to color image processing and relates more particularly to a method to identify automatically white balance parameters with a good clustering for different illuminants.
The human eye adapts to the color temperature of the illumination to some extent and thus gives us similar looking images in different lights. This is not the case with image sensors used in digital cameras. Instead of an adaptation a white balance operation has to be performed. The white balance operation is simply a scaling of the color channels to assure that a grey object remains grey even if the color of the illumination changes. To do this properly a grey object is needed in the scene for calibration, but this is usually not available and there is a need for automatic routines that can deal with this scaling based on the content of any image.
The main difficulty is to extract the relevant information from the current image and not to confuse object color with illumination color. Especially difficult are situations where the colored object, for example a blue sky, covers the whole picture.
The color-filter-array (CFA) of a color imager follows often the commonly used �Bayer� pattern. The pattern of said Bayer CFA is showed in FIG. 1 prior art. Half of the total number of pixels is green (G), while a quarter of the total number is assigned to both red (R) and blue (B).
In order to obtain this color information, the color image pixels are covered with a red, a green, or a blue filter, in a repeating pattern. This pattern, or sequence, of filters can vary, but the widely adopted �Bayer� pattern, which was invented at Kodak, is a repeated 2�2 arrangement as shown in FIG. 1 prior art.
This pattern, showed in FIG. 1 prior art, is based on the premise that the human eye derives most of the luminance data from the green content of a scene; and it is the resolution of this luminance data that is perceived as the �resolution� of an image. Therefore, by ensuring that more of the pixels are �green�, a higher resolution image can be created�compared with an alternating R-G-B color filter array with equal numbers of Red, Green and Blue pixels
Depending on the �color temperature� of a light source, a white object may generate different values for its R, G and B pixel values. For example, when the camera is pointed at a uniformly diffused white object that fills the entire field of view, the resulting R, G and B values may form the following matrix as shown in FIG. 2A prior art. Using a fluorescent light source the values for Red 1, Green 2 and Blue 3 are
R=110G=300andB=200.
FIG. 2B prior art shows how the values of R and B are changing when incandescent light is used. The new values for Red 1, Green 2 and Blue 3 are
R=200G=300andB=110.
Both cases require correction because a white object should have equal R, G and B data values. The simplest correction would involve �equalizing� the data�if the Green pixel values are kept unchanged and the Red and Blue pixel values are multiplied by appropriate �gain� coefficients.
In the case of the �fluorescent light� example, said gain coefficient Rg (or Red gain) should be 300/110=2.7 and Bg (or Blue Gain) should be 300/200=1.5. In the case of �incandescent light� example, Rg should be 300/200=1.5 and Bg should be 30/110=2.7.
As shown in the above examples, the Rg and Bg coefficients depend on the type or the color temperature of the illumination that is used. Therefore a �white balance� operation is required each time the illumination changes.
A common method in prior art is outlined in FIG. 3 prior art. Step 31 describes that the software of the camera instructs the user to point the camera at a uniform white object e.g. a sheet of white paper. Step 32 illustrates that the button of the camera �white balance now� has to be pressed. In the next step 33 the software examines the ratios G/R and G/B and determines the average values of Rg and Bg. In the last step 34 the software stores the computed average Rg and Bg values and uses the coefficients to generate color corrected Red and Blue pixel values.
U.S. Pat. No. (5,917,556 to Katayama) describes a method for correcting a colour video signal for white balance comprising the steps of: providing a digital colour image signal having a sequence of mono-color pixels, wherein each of the pixels represents one colour of first, second, and third different colours, which are repeated in a pre-set pattern; coarse white balancing processing each monocolor pixel for a coarse white balance; spatial processing the sequence of mono-color pixels to produce a sequence of tricolour pixels, wherein each of the tricolour pixels represents the first, second, and third different colours; and colour correction and fine white balancing processing each of the tricolour pixels.
U.S. Pat. No. (5,995,142 to Matsufune) discloses an imaging device including an imaging device for converting an image into a plurality of colour signals each having a signal level; a white balance amplifier for adjusting the signal level of at least one colour signal to produce a plurality of amplified colour signals; a calibration device for calibrating the white balance amplifier and for producing at least one calibration parameter; a detecting device for detecting the amplified colour signals; a calculation device for calculating at least one white balance amplification adjustment; a comparing device for comparing at least one white balance calibration parameter; and an automatic adjustment device for automatically adjusting the white balance amplifier.
U.S. Pat. No. (6,201,530 to Thadani et al.) shows a method for displaying an image to a display device. This method includes sequentially the steps of receiving the image in a first data format, performing a white balance correction in combination with a gamma correction for the image in the first data format, performing a colour correction in combination with a colour space conversion to a second data format for the image, and displaying the image in the second data format to the display device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A principal object of the present invention is to achieve a simple and fast automatic white balancing in digital cameras.
A further object of the present invention is to achieve a method how to get white balance parameters with good clustering for different illuminants.
In accordance with the objects of this invention a method for an automatic white balancing of color images for different illuminants has been achieved. First the average pixel values of the colors of the color array used are determined. The next step is to calculate the ratios of the average pixel values of the previous step, followed by using the ratios of the previous step to categorize the image into different classes according to the prevalent illumination, and, finally, apply predefined white balance factors according to the illumination category of the previous step.
In accordance with the objects of this invention a method for an automatic white balancing of color images for different illuminants has been achieved. First the average pixel values of the colors Red, Green and Blue are determined. The next step is to calculate the ratios of the average pixel values of the previous step, followed by using the ratios of the previous step to categorize the image into one of the classes daylight, indoor tungsten light or indoor fluorescent light according to the prevalent illumination, and, finally, apply predefined white balance factors according to the illumination category of the previous step.
In accordance with the objects of this invention a system for an automatic white balancing of color images has been achieved. Said system is comprising a lens, color sensors for each color of the color array used, a non-volatile memory to store the predefined white balance values for different illuminations, an output device; and a processor to perform the processing of the color images.
FIG. 1 prior art illustrates a Bayer color filter array for digital acquisition of color images.
FIG. 2A prior art shows as example pixel values of a white object in fluorescent light.
FIG. 2 B prior art shows as an example pixel values of a white object in incandescent light.
FIG. 3 prior art shows a flowchart of a method how to achieve white balancing.
FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method how to achieve automatic white balancing.
FIG. 5 shows different classes of an image according to different prevalent illumination as function of the ratios of average pixel values of the colors of the color array used.
FIG. 6 shows a general block diagram of a digital camera using automatic white balancing technique
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The preferred embodiments disclose a method and a system to achieve a simple and fast automatic white balancing in digital cameras. A new algorithm has been developed for said purpose. The principle is the following: The color information from the sensor channels is measured and averaged over all pixels. The result is equivalent to what color a 1-pixel camera would see if pointed at the same scene (Red, Green and Blue). From this �statistical pixel� two color indices, describing the ratios between B/R and G/R, are calculated. Pictures taken in daylight, fluorescent and incandescent light can be separated due to their location in the B/R vs G/R space.
FIG. 4 describes the novel method to achieve an automatic white balancing. The first step 41 is to calculate the average values of the colors of a color filter array. In a preferred embodiment an array of Red, Green and Blue has been used. The average values of Red, Green and Blue called Rave, Gave and Bave within the total image are computed according the following equations:
R ave =ΣR ij /N r, G ave =ΣG ij /N g,and B ave =ΣB ij /N b,
wherein Nr equals the total number of red pixels in the image, Ng equals the total number of green pixels and Nb equals the number of blue pixels, Rij equals the Red pixel value of the co-ordinates I, j within the color filter array. Gij and Bij correspond to the Green and Blue pixel values.
In the next step 42 ratios of said average values of the colors according to the color scheme used are calculated. In a preferred embodiment using the R, G and B scheme said ratios are
A = B ave R ave   and   B = G ave R ave . In the following step 43 said ratios are used to categorize the image into different classes according to the prevalent illumination.
FIG. 5 shows as example principal categories or classes of illumination. According to said ratios A and B the image can be categorized in a preferred embodiment into three classes, shown in the FIG. 5. The class 51 belongs to category �daylight�, the class 52 belongs to category �indoor tungsten� and the class 53 belongs to a category �indoor fluorescent�. Each class has specific predefined white balance factors according to the prevalent illumination of said class. The boundaries of said categories depend upon which optics has been used and upon which type of camera has been used.
In step 44 of FIG. 4 said predefined white balance factors according to the illumination category of the previous step are applied to balance the colors of the picture.
FIG. 6 shows a general system block diagram of a digital camera with an automatic white balancing system based on the invention. Said system comprises a lens 61, the CMOS/CCD sensors 62, a processor 63 running software, a non-volatile memory 64 and an output device 65. Said processor 63 comprises a block for other color and image processing 66, a statistical block 67 wherein the average pixel values of e.g. Rave, Bave and Gave and the related ratios are being computed, a classification block 68, the block performing the white balancing 69 and a block 70 for other processing, e.g. the compression of the data of the image to e.g. the JPEG format. Said non-volatile memory 64 stores the white balancing factors of all illumination categories. Said classification block 68 determines the illumination category of a picture and which related factors are to get from the non-volatile memory 64. Said white balancing block 69 is performing the calculation of the modified pixel values of the image using the predefined white balance factors stored in the memory 64 according to the step 44 of the method outlined in FIG. 4.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5659357 *Feb 1, 1996Aug 19, 1997Eastman Kodak CompanyAuto white adjusting deviceUS5805213 *Dec 8, 1995Sep 8, 1998Eastman Kodak CompanyMethod and apparatus for color-correcting multi-channel signals of a digital cameraUS5917556Mar 19, 1997Jun 29, 1999Eastman Kodak CompanyMethod for correcting a color video signal for white balanceUS5995142Mar 31, 1997Nov 30, 1999Sony CorporationAutomatic white balance control system for a color video cameraUS6181374Jun 13, 1996Jan 30, 2001Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Automatic white balance control device, video camera with an automatic white balance control device and method for producing a video camera with an automatic white balance control deviceUS6201530May 29, 1998Mar 13, 2001Flashpoint Technology, Inc.Method and system of optimizing a digital imaging processing chainUS6573932 *Mar 15, 2002Jun 3, 2003Eastman Kodak CompanyMethod for automatic white balance of digital imagesUS6947079 *Dec 22, 2000Sep 20, 2005Eastman Kodak CompanyCamera having verification display with reverse white balanced viewer adaptation compensation and methodUS20020167596Dec 5, 2001Nov 14, 2002Nikon CorporationImage signal processing device, digital camera and computer program product for processing image signalEP0470769A1Aug 1, 1991Feb 12, 1992Canon Kabushiki KaishaElectronic still video cameraEP0519761A2Jun 22, 1992Dec 23, 1992Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Devices for judging quality of an imageJP2002185977A Title not availableJPH06292221A Title not availableJPH08322061A Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7969483 *May 7, 2007Jun 28, 2011Olympus Imaging Corp.White balance control method, imaging apparatus and storage medium storing white balance control programUS8462227 *Apr 24, 2009Jun 11, 2013Ati Technologies UlcDigital camera module white balance calibration method and apparatus using only single illumination source dataUS20100271503 *Apr 24, 2009Oct 28, 2010Ati Technologies UlcDigital Camera Module White Balance Calibration Method and Apparatus Using Only Single Illumination Source Data* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification382/167, 348/E09.052, 382/274International ClassificationG06K9/00, H04N9/73Cooperative ClassificationH04N9/735European ClassificationH04N9/73BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 28, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Sep 26, 2011ASAssignmentOwner name: YOULIZA, GEHTS B.V. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, DELFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DIGITAL IMAGING SYSTEMS GMBH;REEL/FRAME:026968/0679Effective date: 20110328Apr 19, 2011ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JOHANNESSON, ANDERS;LARSSON, INGEMAR;REEL/FRAME:026151/0746Effective date: 20110322Owner name: DIALOG SEMICONDUCTOR GMBH, GERMANYMar 28, 2011ASAssignmentOwner name: DIALOG IMAGING SYSTEMS GMBH, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DIALOG SEMICONDUCTOR GMBH;REEL/FRAME:026030/0235Effective date: 20110325Mar 22, 2011ASAssignmentOwner name: DIALOG IMAGING SYSTEMS GMBH, GERMANYEffective date: 20060706Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DIALOG SEMICONDUCTOR GMBH;REEL/FRAME:025998/0111Mar 8, 2011ASAssignmentOwner name: DIALOG IMAGING SYSTEMS GMBH, GERMANYEffective date: 20060706Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 018279 FRAME 0588. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNOR S NAME WAS INCORRECT;ASSIGNOR:DIALOG SEMICONDUCTOR GMBH;REEL/FRAME:025917/0031May 26, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Nov 3, 2009ASAssignmentOwner name: DIGITAL IMAGING SYSTEMS GMBH, GERMANYFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:DIALOG IMAGING SYSTEMS GMBH;REEL/FRAME:023456/0280Effective date: 20070510Sep 21, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: DIALOG IMAGING SYSTEMS GMBH, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DIALGO SEMICONDUCTOR GMBH;REEL/FRAME:018279/0588Effective date: 20060706Owner name: DIALOG IMAGING SYSTEMS GMBH,GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DIALGO SEMICONDUCTOR GMBH;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100406;REEL/FRAME:18279/588Oct 21, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: DIALOG SEMICONDUCTOR GMBH, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JOHANNESSON, ANDERS;LARSSON, INGEMAR;REEL/FRAME:013410/0925Effective date: 20020724RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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Birthday party - Review of Pedal Tour Texas, Fredericksburg, TX - TripAdvisor
Birthday party - Pedal Tour Texas
Review of Pedal Tour Texas
Ranked #19 of 26 Tours in Fredericksburg
Owner description: Get to know downtown while being safely transported to the best wine tasting rooms, restaurant, pubs and shops of Fredericksburg, Texas! The best tour deal in Fredericksburg, Pedal Tour Texas provides an affordable option to see the downtown’s hidden gems. Our bike runs 364 days a year, so come on out whether it’s New Year’s Eve or Halloween! We will take you to some of Texas’ best bars and wine tasting rooms including Hondo’s on Main (Live Music and Great Drinks), Pontotoc Vineyard (One of the Best Wine Tasting Rooms in Town), and Lincoln Street Wine and Cigar Bar (Full Selection of Wine and Live Music) & The Stable (A Cozy Local Hangout with Craft Cocktails, Charcuterie and Spirit & Wine Tasting Boards). You are encouraged to enjoy tastings at each stop and can legally purchase bottles from most of these establishments to enjoy or to take home! We have early morning tours focusing on history and late night tours to hit the night spots and see the city lights!
rachellaren Fredericksburg, Texas
PedalTourTX, Owner at Pedal Tour Texas, responded to this reviewResponded August 13, 2017
Joe B, Owner at Pedal Tour Texas, responded to this reviewResponded July 5, 2017
I wish I was kidding, but this tour was the absolute best part of our trip. Starting things off at "The Stable" was the best start to our tour. James made us the best margarita ever (we're from New Mexico so margs are good, this was amazing!) After our stiff drink we headed out on the tour... Rick was amazing! We stopped at all of the sweet spots and had the best time! Couldn't imagine a trip to Fredericksburg without a ride with Rick. Don't miss out!!
Ask Rachel F about Pedal Tour Texas
The stops on the pedal tour for food or drink are out of pocket expenses. Stops may include tourist attractions or bars and restaurants. Hondo restaurant was a stop, we went back there on our own for dinner; it was a great tip. It is suggested that they have a microphone on board so people could hear the guide better. Bring your own water and snacks.
Ask raydebbis about Pedal Tour Texas
We had a group of six ladies book this on Saturday November 5th early in the morning for the 7 p.m. pedal tour. We showed up 30 minutes ahead of time as requested and the tour never showed up we did try calling with no answer. We've also emailed and no one has returned our msg. VERY DISAPPOINTED that we were stood up.
Ask Angela M about Pedal Tour Texas
We are very sorry for this, as the system had a gliche and allowed a double booking. We have instituted a new system entirely and would love to have you back. We will comp your next tour for a full group! We look forward to having you back. This time, get ready for the time of your life. :)
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SURE COLONEL WILL WIN.; Wilson Men on the Other Hand Predicts Sweep for Jersey Governor. - The New York Times
Archives|SURE COLONEL WILL WIN.; Wilson Men on the Other Hand Predicts Sweep for Jersey Governor.
https://nyti.ms/1kcWUXQ
SURE COLONEL WILL WIN.; Wilson Men on the Other Hand Predicts Sweep for Jersey Governor.
Special to The New York Times. MAY 22, 1912
TRENTON, N.J., May 21. -- Col. Roosevelt will get the four delegates at large and at least eighteen of the twenty-four district delegates at next Tuesday's primaries according to a statement made here late this afternoon at the close of a conference between the Executive Committee of the New Jersey Roosevelt League and many of the Roosevelt candidates for delegates. View Full Article in Timesmachine »
A version of this archives appears in print on May 22, 1912, on Page 2 of the New York edition with the headline: SURE COLONEL WILL WIN.; Wilson Men on the Other Hand Predicts Sweep for Jersey Governor. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe

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Modi meets Netanyahu, discusses defence ties | india | Hindustan Times
Modi meets Netanyahu, discusses defence ties
In a rare meeting on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday met Israeli counterpart Benjamin Netanyahu and discussed a wide range of issues including defence cooperation and the situation created by the Islamic State in West Asia.
india Updated: Sep 29, 2014 12:13 IST
"He also explained that right now in defence sector Israel or any other country can invest up to 49%. And the Prime Minister made a pitch for skill sharing in areas like IT and water management." According to diplomatic officials, today's meeting on the sidelines of the UN was rare and has not happened in the last one decade.
First Published: Sep 29, 2014 11:39 IST

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Posted on Dec 3, 2012 7:44:25 PM PST
And Best Visual Effects (only split up between the 10 frontrunners at this point):1. Life of Pi (winner)2. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey3. Cloud Atlas4. Prometheus5. The Avengers6. The Dark Knight Rises7. Skyfall8. John Carter9. The Amazing Spider-Man10.Snow White and the HuntsmanAnd for Best Makeup & Hairstyling:1. Cloud Atlas (winner; inspite of the fact that the makeup is utterly dreadful in this picture)2. Lincoln3. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey4. Hitchcock5. Looper6. Men in Black 37. Prometheus8. The Impossible9. Les Miserables10.Holy Motors
No Posted on Dec 3, 2012 7:39:22 PM PST
And now for Sound Mixing:1. Skyfall2. The Dark Knight Rises3. Life of Pi4. Les Miserables5. Zero Dark Thirty6. The Avengers7. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey8. Django Unchained9. Flight10.The Impossible11.Cloud Atlas12.Prometheus13.Looper14.Lincoln15.The Bourne LegacyAnd Sound Editing:1. Life of Pi2. The Dark Knight Rises3. Skyfall4. Django Unchained5. Flight6. The Avengers7. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey8. Zero Dark Thirty9. The Impossible10.Cloud Atlas11.Les Miserables12.Prometheus13.Looper14.Lincoln15.Brave
No Posted on Dec 3, 2012 7:34:53 PM PST
And now for the most ludicrous category of all (for every reason from inconsistency to sheer ineptitude), Best Song:1. ''Suddenly''; Les Miserables (winner)2. ''Learn Me Right''; Brave3. ''Midnight Run''; Lawless4. ''From Here to the Moon and Back''; Joyful Noise5. ''Skyfall'' (possibly ineligible due to the use of the original Bond theme as part of the track)6. ''Still Alive''7. ''Touch the Sky''; Brave8. ''Still Dream''; Rise of the Guardians9. ''Breath of Life''; Snow White and the Huntsman10.''Fire in the Blood''; Lawless11.''Strange Love''; Frankenweenie12.''Celebrate''; Sparkle13.''When Can I Meet You Again''; Wreck-It Ralph14.''Abraham's Daughter''; The Hunger Games15.''Dull Tool''; This is 40And for Best Score:1. Life of Pi2. Lincoln3. Argo4. Anna Karenina5. Moonrise Kingdom6. Beasts of the Southern Wild7. Silver Linings Playbook8. Skyfall9. Brave10.The Master11.Rise of the Guardians12.Cloud Atlas13.On the Road14.The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey15.Promised LandNOTE: The rules on these musical categories are extremely finicky and inconsistent, and oftentimes, the selections don't make a lot of sense...or if they do, they usually cater to the crowd rather than to glorify any real talent.
No Posted on Dec 3, 2012 7:23:38 PM PST
Now for Best Production Design (formally known as Art Direction):1. Anna Karenina (locked)2. Les Miserables3. Lincoln4. Life of Pi5. The Master6. Cloud Atlas7. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey8. Django Unchained9. The Dark Knight Rises10.Argo11.Mirror, Mirror12.Moonrise Kingdom13.Skyfall14.Hitchcock15.PrometheusAnd Costume Design:1. Les Miserables2. Anna Karenina3. Mirror Mirror4. Lincoln5. Django Unchained6. The Master7. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey8. Snow White and the Huntsman9. Hitchcock10.Cloud Atlas11.On the Road12.Argo13.The Dark Knight Rises14.A Royal Affair15.Moonrise Kingdom

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Creating a Simple Old School Console Emulator - Stack Overflow
Creating a Simple Old School Console Emulator [closed]
3 I'm now with the dream to start a project of a emulator of old school consoles(Atari, Colecovision...), but before I start I need to know some things:
Which is the most easy console to create an emulator of it?
Where I can find some good resources to build it?
Which is the best language to build a emulator?
emulator share|improve this question edited Oct 31 '11 at 7:30
closed as not a real question by dmckee, Emil Vikström, Ananda Mahto, dgw, dystroy Jan 7 '13 at 16:46
First of all internet is full of resources covering this topic, I can point you at one of the most basic one I started from while developing my emulators: http://fms.komkon.org/EMUL8/HOWTO.html
If you want something more compreensive of many hardwares (and you will) check this out: http://www.zophar.net/
Writing an emulator is quite a complex story, you have to recreate perfectly the hardware on which programs are running otherwise it won't work! I would suggest to start from a simple hw like a GameBoy (that has a modified Z80 cpu, one of the simpler and most funny to implement. I suggest www.z80.info about this topic).. you shouldn't try with complex hardwares because you have to care about too many things.
Of course the best language is plain C or C++, just because it sticks more with hardware and it's very efficient.. mind that you need to write a virtual machine that behave exactly as the real one.
share|improve this answer answered Oct 31 '09 at 19:29
what you need in zophar domain is "technical documents" on the right menu.. not every platform is perfectly documented (that's why I suggested you to start from GB, because internet knows everything about it) but you can find many useful resources
GB isn't as easy as it sounds. A lot of games are very sensitive to emulators that don't mimic the hardware identically. Giving one too many/too few cycles during a particular part of the video refresh cycle (measured by when certain hardware registers change) will cause such poorly written games to hang/crash/exhibit bogus behavior...
I found that Chip-8 is a good starting point. It's relatively simple with on/off graphics, only one fixed sound and under 40 opcodes.
I found Cowgod's Chip-8 Technical Reference to be a great resource.
You need to pick your target system and then research for the technical information about it. This is much easier if you choose a popular system, such as the Gameboy (mentioned by Jack).
C/C++ is great because you are close to the hardware so can get the best performance. There have been emulators written in Assembly before, but I wouldn't recommend it (especially if you're just starting out).
In saying that though, there have been emulators written in JavaScript that have acceptable frame rates.
I'd choose a language you're most comfortable, and keep in mind anything closer to the metal will theoretically achieve better performance.
Regarding the second question, you can take a look at the MAME Wiki.
Not the answer you're looking for?	Browse other questions tagged emulator or ask your own question.	asked
problem with emulator failing to start correctly

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AK7A:Frankfurt Stock Quote - Bison Gold Resources Inc - Bloomberg Markets
AK7A:GR
Bison Gold Resources, Inc. explores for gold in Canada and the United States. The Company owns mining properties in the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, and the state of Nevada.
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David Benson "Dave"

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Patent US7443974 - Methods, systems, and products for processing calls - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsMethods, systems, and products are disclosed for processing calls. A dialed digit string is received and analyzed to determine whether the dialed digit string is a complete string according to a dialing plan of a service provider. If the dialed digit string is a complete string, then the call is sent...http://www.google.com/patents/US7443974?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7443974 - Methods, systems, and products for processing callsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7443974 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/510,374Publication dateOct 28, 2008Filing dateAug 25, 2006Priority dateApr 16, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS7103168, US7983408, US20030231759, US20070116249, US20090016519, WO2003090015A2, WO2003090015A3Publication number11510374, 510374, US 7443974 B2, US 7443974B2, US-B2-7443974, US7443974 B2, US7443974B2InventorsJames C. Bedingfield, Sr., Robert A. KochOriginal AssigneeAt&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (1), Referenced by (2), Classifications (8), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethods, systems, and products for processing calls
US 7443974 B2Abstract
Methods, systems, and products are disclosed for processing calls. A dialed digit string is received and analyzed to determine whether the dialed digit string is a complete string according to a dialing plan of a service provider. If the dialed digit string is a complete string, then the call is sent for routing to the dialed digit string. If the dialed digit string is not a complete string, then it is determined whether the dialed digit string is a valid string according to a calling party's personal dialing plan. If the dialed digit string is valid, then a number is retrieved that corresponds to the dialed digit string according to the calling party's personal dialing plan. The call is then routed to the number.
analyzing the dialed digit string to determine whether the dialed digit string is a complete string according to a dialing plan of a service provider;
if the dialed digit string is a complete string, then sending the call for routing to the dialed digit string;
if the dialed digit string is not a complete string, then determining whether the dialed digit string is a valid string according to a calling party's personal dialing plan;
if the dialed digit string is valid, then retrieving a number that corresponds to the dialed digit string according to the calling party's personal dialing plan; and
sending the call for routing to the number.
2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising substituting the number for the dialed digit string.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein retrieving the number comprises searching a register for an entry matching the dialed digit string.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein retrieving the number comprises applying a rule to the dialed digit string whereby the dialed digit string is converted into a complete dialing string.
5. A method according to claim 1, further comprising associating the dialed digit string to the number.
6. A method according to claim 1, further comprising providing an option to define a time between an input of digits.
7. A method according to claim 1, further comprising prompting to add an entry to the calling party's personal dialing plan.
8. A method for creating a personal dialing plan of a calling party, comprising:
receiving a request to add an entry to the calling party's personal dialing plan;
receiving a complete dialing string recognizable by a service provider;
receiving an alias; and
associating the alias to the complete dialing string in the calling party's personal dialing plan.
9. A method according to claim 8, further comprising determining whether the alias is already assigned to another entry in the calling party's personal dialing plan.
10. A method according to claim 8, further comprising testing the alias.
11. A method according to claim 8, further comprising deleting an existing entry from the calling party's personal dialing plan.
12. A method according to claim 8, further comprising storing a rule associated with the calling party's personal dialing plan.
13. A method according to claim 12, further comprising receiving a code that identifies the rule. Description
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/123,975, filed Apr. 16, 2002 and entitled “Methods and systems for Implementing Personal Dialing Plans,” now issued as U.S. Pat. 7,103,168, and incorporated herein by reference.
If the dialed string is a valid string according to one of dialing rules of the personal dialing plan, the SSP applies the rule to obtain a complete dialing string that is recognized by the local service provider's dialing plan. After obtaining the complete dialing string, the SSP/IP routes the user's call using the complete string. For example, if the dialed string is “*1234” and the user has defined a dialing rule that associates “1234” with “404-987-1234,” then “404-987-1234” is used by the SSP/IP as the complete dialing string, and the user's call is routed to that directory number.
Any such problems can generally be solved with editing rules based on the current configuration of the user's personal dialing plan. For example, if the user has no timers enabled and no minimum alias length, the user is not allowed to enter a new alias that is a subset of an existing alias or vice versa. In other words, if “1234” is an existing alias, the user is not allowed to enter “123” as a new alias, and if “123” is an existing alias, the user is not allowed to enter “1234” as a new alias. This solution is complicated by the fact that the user is generally allowed to delete, add, or edit dialing rules or alias and dialing string entries at will. In this event, the user's personal dialing plan is reviewed following the establishment of any new rules or addition of any new alias entries to determine whether there are inconsistencies. Any inconsistencies are reported to the user, who has the opportunity to correct either the rules or the alias entries to eliminate the inconsistencies.
For most users, their acquaintances can be identified by the last four digits of their acquaintances′ directory numbers. However, entering the names and directory numbers of all of these people would be onerous for many users. To address this, all incoming calls and outgoing calls, depending upon the technology available for outbound calling, may be logged and a default register created, using the calling name supplied with the incoming and outgoing directory numbers. The creation of this directory could be based on a single default rule, such as creating a four-digit alias for each directory number based on the last four digits of the directory number.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7103168 *Apr 16, 2002Sep 5, 2006Bellsouth Intellectual Property CorporationMethods and systems for implementing personal dialing plans* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7983408 *Sep 26, 2008Jul 19, 2011At&T Intellectual Property I, L. P.Methods, systems, and products for processing callsUS8885552Dec 11, 2009Nov 11, 2014At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.Remote control via local area network* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification379/216.01, 379/355.05, 379/355.01International ClassificationH04M3/44, H04M3/42Cooperative ClassificationH04M2207/12, H04M3/42272European ClassificationH04M3/42M7PLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 23, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 25, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: BELLSOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CORPORATION, DELAWFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BEDINGFIELD, SR., JAMES C.;KOCH, ROBERT A.;REEL/FRAME:018220/0459Effective date: 20020412RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Crest Hill Cemetery in Marietta, Georgia - Find A Grave Cemetery
corner of Polk Street and Ridge Avenue, Marietta, Cobb County, Georgia, USA
1,277 Memorials added (97% photographed)
Located near downtown Marietta, Georgia, Crest Hill Cemetery is often confused with the Mountain View Park Cemetery which is across the street - between Whitlock Avenue and Polk Street. They have the same owner but are totally separate cemeteries. Mountain View Park Cemetery is a large, perpetual care cemetery. Crest Hill is smaller and not cared for on a regular basis.
Crest Hill is on Ridge Avenue between Polk Street and Maple Avenue. Internments in this cemetery began in the 1930s. Sadly, there are several dozen unmarked and unattended graves, many of which have receded back into God's earth. Dozens of older, poorly-made cement markers have crumbled, been broken, displaced, covered with earth and foliage, or have deteriorated beyond recognition, rendering the names of the deceased unreadable. Identity of these unfortunate souls may never be known.
Search Crest Hill Cemetery:
GPS Coordinates: 33.9564, -84.565
Find A Grave Cemetery: #33481
I thought you might like to see a cemetery for Crest Hill Cemetery I found on Findagrave.com.

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text:
Specialty Bake - San Jose, CA | Groupon
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Located in San Jose district, visitors can enjoy Specialty Bake's flavorful Chinese cuisine on its own, or season their dish with a splash of soy sauce. Help yourself to a healthier lifestyle at Specialty Bake, where gluten-free and low-fat options are available.
With tabs typically staying under $15, your wallet (and your stomach) will be happy with a trip to Specialty Bake. It's certainly true that you won't need to look any further than Specialty Bake's A+ Chinese food.
Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Specialty Bake.

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Osama knew of Europe plot: US | world | Hindustan Times
Osama knew of Europe plot: US
The United States has told Germany that evidence pulled from Osama bin Laden's hideout shows the terror chief was linked to a plot to attack targets in Europe last year, a senior German official said.
Updated: May 26, 2011 10:49 IST
The United States has told Germany that evidence pulled from Osama bin Laden's hideout shows the terror chief was linked to a plot to attack targets in Europe last year, a senior German official has said.
Two US officials also told the AP that bin Laden had advised Europe-based militants to attack in unspecified mainland European countries just before Christmas. The officials offered no details.
Separately, bin Laden encouraged multiple attacks on Danish targets because of disparaging references to the Muslim prophet Mohammed in Danish media, the US officials said. European security officials said earlier this month that they'd seen very little of the information from the May 2 raid on bin Laden's hideout, but the Americans have begun sharing more information with intelligence agencies in Europe.
The German official said US officials had told their German counterparts that information retrieved from the Pakistani house where bin Laden was killed shows that senior al-Qaeda member Sheikh Yunis al Mauritania was in contact with bin Laden about the Europe plot.
He and other European security officials said they have not seen evidence to suggest that bin Laden was involved in planning the attacks.	tags
Sheikh Yunis al Mauritania
Does India need a population control law? Experts say no May 01, 2017 11:02 IST


text:
Info officials also under RTI scanner | mumbai | Hindustan Times
Info officials also under RTI scanner
Updated: Nov 02, 2009 01:08 IST	Amrita U Kadam Hindustan Times
A Right to Information (RTI) query has revealed that there are 26 complaints against six information commissioners in the state. After a bad experience with an information commissioner, activist Nainesh Dolas wrote to Governor S.C. Jamir, complaining about the working of the state information commissioners. The letter stated that the state information commissioner’s office staff did not maintain records properly. It also said that the Mumbai and Konkan divisions do not have proper appeal transfer process. The governor has assured necessary action against the erring commissioners. “Though RTI is meant to reduce red tape, the information commissioners themselves delay pending matters,” Dolas told Hindustan Times. Stuck in the process, the agitated citizens then expressed their discontent by filing complaints with the state governor.The details of the complaints filed against information commissioners are — three complaints against State Information Commissioner, Suresh Joshi, four complaints against Naveen Kumar from Konkan, eight complaints against Vijay Kuvalekar from Pune, five complaints against Boraje from Aurangabad, three complaints against Vilas Patil of Nagpur and three complaints against Ramanand Tiwari from Mumbai.
Activists G.R. Vora and Krishnaraj Rao said that improper functioning of the information commissioners hampered the proper implementation of the sunshine act. As per the Act, once an RTI is filed, the procedure of seeking information should not take more than 270 days. However, the activists allege that in some cases the RTI queries remained unanswered even after 400 days.
The activists added that public information officers in respective offices were not fined even after they were found guilty by the first appellate officer for not providing required information in the stipulated time. This inefficiency gains significance with 4.16 lakh applications received in Maharashtra in the last one year — 63,000 of them directed to the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.
The Act was introduced in Maharashtra in 2002 after relentless efforts of social activist Anna Hazare. On October 12, 2005, the Union government enacted a legislation making RTI applicable across India.


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Amazon.co.uk: David J Rodger: Books, Biography, Blogs, Audiobooks, Kindle Amazon.co.uk: Books
David J Rodger is the acclaimed author of God Seed, Dante’s Fool, Iron Man Project, Edge, Living in Flames, Dog Eat Dog, The Black Lake, and The Social Club. To browse his books click here. He is also the creator of the role-playing game Yellow Dawn – The Age of Hastur.
His writing is classed as crossover fiction, mainly thrillers with a science fiction and dark fantasy horror twist. Some of his work is post-apocalyptic, set in the world of Yellow Dawn.
Fans of Cyberpunk and H.P.Lovecraft’s “Cthulhu Mythos” will undoubtedly enjoy seeing threads of these genres woven through the fabric of his work. There is new technology and there are monsters.
He has written for non-fiction magazines such SFX and had short stories published in UK, US, Canada and Japan.
The Guardian linked to his blog in their article about William Gibson and Cyberpunk 30 years on from Neuromancer, and also gave an excellent, critical review of Rodger’s novel The Black Lake.
Other critics describe his work as character driven, richly plotted, delivering tension and drama quickly with a strong narrative style.
His RPG, Yellow Dawn – The Age of Hastur, has a deal on the table with game publishers Modiphius (Achtung! Cthulhu), under their license with Chaosium (Call of Cthulhu). To this end Rodger is writing a 3rd edition of Yellow Dawn that maps it onto the systems of CoC 7th edition.
“I’m really keen to see Call of Cthulhu and Yellow Dawn work together seamlessly. It’s a great opportunity to fuse post-apocalyptic survival and scavenging into the Cthulhu Mythos mold. And it will allow players of Call of Cthulhu to drop into the world of my post-apocalypse novels. The 3rd edition will radically improve the speed of play within Yellow Dawn, removing much of the dice-crunchy detail and embracing the highly narrative-driven-pace of the Call of Cthulhu 7th edition systems.”
Yellow Dawn THE MOVIE! Bringing Lovecraft to the big screen through the Influence of Hastur. Imagine!
Books by David J Rodger
See search results for author "David J Rodger" in Books


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Amazon.com: Two girls in the forest by August Macke peel & stick decal, 14.74 X 19.95: Home & Kitchen
Two girls in the forest by August Macke peel & stick decal, 14.74 X 19.95
White Sands Prints offers the highest quality decal prints from the latest technology in inkjet printing. We are offering to you high quality pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) prints at great prices. They ship rolled up in a tube. We love to bring walls alive by bringing art into your home and office. Please note these decal prints are images from some very old paintings that may have cracks and folds in them that you cannot see on a computer monitor so, best rule of thumb is to purchase smaller decal prints when viewing at close distance and purchase larger prints when viewing distance is farther away. Example: 11x14 decals should be viewed from 3 feet, 16x20 decals should be viewed from 5 feet, 20x30 decals should be viewed from 8 feet. If you are looking for these images to print off in "HD" quality they will not, (these are scanned images we print from very old paintings). A sampling of our images and artists are Abstract & Cubism, Ansel Adams Photography, Audubon-Birds of America, Albert Bierstadt, Alma-Tadema, Art Nouveau, Wm. Bouguereau, Cassatt & Morisot, Paul Cezanne, Jesus Christ in Art, Edgar Degas, Expressionism, Paul Gauguin, Hudson River, Impressionism, Japanese Art, Klimt & Expressionism, Modigliani, Monet, Manet, Old Masters, Photography, Pre Raphaelites, Rembrandt, Renaissance Art, Pierre Renoir, Sisley & Pissarro, Still Lifes, Symbolism Art, Toulouse-Lautrec, James Tissot, Joseph Mallord Turner, Van Gogh Volumes, Vermeer, Vintage Art Nouveau Poster Images, Vintage French Poster Images, Vintage Illustrated Poster Images, Whistler Oil Painting Images.
B00AT1JYT8


text:
BBC News - Political review of Westminster week with Adam Boulton
Last updated at 11:32 Help	Sky's Adam Boulton who annoyed the Chinese PM - by daring to ask a question at a press conference about human rights - comes out fighting as he reviews the goings on at Westminster over the last seven days.
Play The secretive state of Turkmenistan Play 'Bimbo, ball-breaker' or Lady Brady

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SHERMAN - Funeral services for Ann Ella Corley will be held at 1 p.m. Saturday, May 9 at the Park Avenue Church of Christ in Denison. Basil McClure will officiate. Burial will follow at Akers Cemetery. Mrs. Corley, 77,...
Read Full Obituary for Ann Corley
Sam L. Wilson Sr.
SHERMAN - Funeral services for Sam L. Wilson, Sr. will be held at 10:30 a.m. Thursday, May 7th at First Baptist Church of Sherman. Dr. Mike Lawson of the church will officiate. Honorary pallbearers are Bill Scott,...
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Published in The Herald Democrat from May 6 to May 7, 2015
Norma Gene Odom
SHERMAN - Funeral Services for Norma Gene Odom, 90, of Sherman will be held at 1 p.m. Thursday, May 7, at Waldo Funeral Chapel. Leading the service will be Howard Smith and Mitch Wiggains. She passed away Tuesday, May...
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Leta Precopia
SHERMAN - Leta Faye Precopia, 88yrs, passed away May 3, 2015 at The Willows in Sherman, Texas. Visitation will be held from 6 - 8 p.m. Tuesday May 5, at Waldo Funeral Home in Sherman. Funeral Services will be held at...
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Jerry Ross Green
SHERMAN - Jerry was born in Sherman, the son of C.L. and Bernice (Harshbarger) Green. He grew up in Richardson, Texas, and graduated from Richardson High School in 1959. Jerry attended Cooke County JC in Gainesville...
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Donald Lee Rolen
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SHERMAN - Joyce Shipman, 72 yrs, passed away April 19, 2015 at Wilson N. Jones Regional Medical Center in Sherman, TX. Graveside services will be held Friday April 24, 2015 at Aransas Memorial Park in Rockport, TX. ...
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Anna Jo Courtney
Anna Jo Courtney was born on Thursday, September 29, 1938 in a cotton field in Bells, Texas to Charles Horace Lewis and Anna Belle (Johnson) Lewis and went home to be with the Lord on Wednesday, April 15th, 2015. ...
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A NATION CHALLENGED: STEPS AGAINST ANTHRAX; Civilians Are Reluctant to Join U.S. Test of Anthrax Vaccine - The New York Times
World|A NATION CHALLENGED: STEPS AGAINST ANTHRAX; Civilians Are Reluctant to Join U.S. Test of Anthrax Vaccine
World | A NATION CHALLENGED: STEPS AGAINST ANTHRAX A NATION CHALLENGED: STEPS AGAINST ANTHRAX; Civilians Are Reluctant to Join U.S. Test of Anthrax Vaccine
By SHERYL GAY STOLBERGJAN. 8, 2002
Of 10,000 people who may have been exposed to anthrax during the recent attacks, fewer than 2 percent have taken the anthrax vaccine, a figure that reflects postal employees' deep reluctance to enroll in a medical experiment, federal health officials said today.The postal workers were so unwilling that officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considered asking them to enroll in a second study to explore their reasons for refusing the vaccine. But the agency deemed the plan too politically sensitive, and it was dropped.''There are some who look at this as the government experimenting on their members,'' said Dr. Ben Schwartz, an agency official who is involved in anthrax research. ''Because of some of those concerns, we were hesitant to initiate another study, which would require further consent.''Five Americans have died of inhalation anthrax since October. More than a dozen others were sickened in the bioterrorist attacks, in which the anthrax germ was sent through the mail. Among the dead are two postal workers, who did not receive antibiotics because the centers, mistakenly believing that anthrax spores could not escape a sealed letter, failed to recommend treatment.Last month, the agency began offering the vaccine or 40 additional days of antibiotics, or both, to postal workers, Capitol Hill staff members and news media employees who had been in contaminated buildings. These workers, the agency said, still face a slight risk of disease after a two-month course of medicine.
But because the vaccine is approved only for prevention and not treatment after exposure, the Food and Drug Administration requires that it be offered under the auspices of a clinical trial. At the same time, the C.D.C. and its parent agency, the Department of Health and Human Services, decided not to issue a recommendation about whether people should take the shots.As of Friday, about 4,500 of the 10,000 people eligible for the vaccine had taken part in a program to learn about it, centers officials said today. Of these, just 130, 48 of them Congressional workers, chose to take the vaccine. Only one reported a side effect, a headache and swelling at the injection site, which officials said was to be expected.
An additional 1,168 people had enrolled in the experiment but agreed to take only the extra antibiotics. Today was the last day to enroll, said Dr. Bradley Perkins, who as the centers' chief anthrax expert is also the principal investigator of the clinical trial. ''Given the context in which the vaccine was offered, and the way it was presented, I can understand the relatively low uptake,'' he said.The agency released the enrollment figures today to a committee of scientific experts at the Institute of Medicine, the research arm of the National Academy of Sciences. The institute is advising the centers on the agency's far-reaching program to study the safety and efficacy of the anthrax vaccine, begun two years ago at the request of Congress.
Lawmakers ordered the research, which will include a five-year study of the vaccine in 1,500 civilian volunteers, after hearing safety questions raised by members of the military, some of whom risked courts-martial rather than take the shots.More than 520,000 people in the military have had more than two million doses of anthrax vaccine since the mandatory vaccination program was begun in March 1998. The manufacturer, the BioPort Corporation of Lansing, Mich., insists that the vaccine is safe. But BioPort has been plagued by manufacturing problems for the past several years, and the military's program has been suspended as a result.Now that bioterrorism has made anthrax a threat to the general population, concerns about the vaccine's safety apply to civilians as well, committee members said today.
''We've already had a crisis, and when is the next one?'' asked Dr. Patricia Ferrieri, a professor at the University of Minnesota Medical School and member of the panel. ''And how much more prepared will we be then, with this same vaccine?'' Continue reading the main story


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help in a code where to start - CodeProject
11,038,169 members (78,168 online)
help in a code where to start
C# PHP VB.NET hi there ,
i am a developer, and i applied to work in a developing company they accepted me but they wanted me to develop an application that calculate the actual time for projects that employees work on .
for example a Photoshop designer work on designing a picture i want to calculate the actual time since starting the work till the finish time..
please help me .. i dont know how to start and what to do i am confused please help
Posted 28-Feb-13 11:36am
ashrah254
at 28-Feb-13 16:37pm Not a question. Programming is for self-starters. If you are not the one, do something else.
at 28-Feb-13 16:38pm Nice, +5 from me.
at 28-Feb-13 16:55pm Thank you. (Take a look a the comment below, though...) :-)
at 28-Feb-13 17:34pm Let's work to help developers, not make them feel stupid.
at 28-Feb-13 18:02pm Who do you think makes developers feel stupid, huh? I don't understand "making feel stupid" though. I personally do fees stupid from time to time, when I understand that I've done a stupid mistake. What kind of a person who can feel stupid just because someone tells that?
(And, for a record, I never told you that, I did not even tell you that you should do something else; you can see it if you follow some simple logic. Instead, this is the invitation to be a self-starter. A critical trait, by the way...)
at 28-Feb-13 16:40pm That is a major task, depending on the depth of it. Basically you will need a user interface for those who's time is being calculated. They would need the ability to enter a start and stop time and any other info you want to keep track of. Then do the math with there input. It will take a lot of work and might be too big for the scope of this forum. Maybe someone has some good tutorials.
at 28-Feb-13 17:32pm thank you 2 solutions
Roughly you could have two kind of problems:
You don't know how logically solve the problem, that is you're not able to formulate the right algorithm.You have no programming skills to actuially implement the algorithm.
One approach for dealing with the problem could be collecting statistical data (if available) on relative speeds of employees in completing assigned tasks (I know this would depend on many different factors) and the using this information to predict the progress of the activities. The actual progress of such activities could be a feedback to your predictive algorithm,
Point 2 is, in my opinion, simpler: you have just to study and do some experience with you favourite programming language (you know: what is a software developer without programming skills?).
Posted 28-Feb-13 12:07pm
The first thing you need to do is more clearly define your problem. How do you define time spent working (for example) in Photoshop? Is it the amount of time the program is open? Is it the amount of time the user is active in the program (e.g. mouse is moving, buttons being pressed, etc.)? Maybe just the amount of time the application has focus?
Or is it instead reported by the employee? Even then, you have many options.
After you've managed to define your problem, design a solution for the problem. Then you can start coding it.
Posted 28-Feb-13 14:10pm

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crackle layers | Nails | Pinterest | Nails, Crackle Nails and Polish
How to; To mix nail polish, put just a tiny bit of water in a cup, then, add whatever nail polishes you like. Stir, till mixed how you want it. Then, rub vaseline on just your skin around your finger nails. Dab each finger nail into the nail polish, then let it dry. Once it has dried, apply Black Crackle. Add a clear coat, then you're finished! :) Crackle Nails, Nail Polish, Nailart, Multi Color, Nailpolish, Crackle Polish, Nail Design, Nail Art
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Draw this only with a pin. Here is the technique – apply one or two coat of the nail polish. Then make some dots with other colors. Then just take a pin and start to make some swirls. That’s all and it comes out different anytime! #nailart
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Patent US4971797 - Sweeteners of chlorosucrose cocrystallized with cyclodextrin - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsThe chlorosucrose sweetener known as sucralose is prepared in a thermally stable composition by co-crystallization with a cyclodextrin. The resulting crystalline product may be comminuted to form particles of desired size for use as a sweetener component in place of or in addition to known sweeteners...http://www.google.com/patents/US4971797?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4971797 - Sweeteners of chlorosucrose cocrystallized with cyclodextrinAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4971797 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/288,512Publication dateNov 20, 1990Filing dateDec 22, 1988Priority dateDec 22, 1988Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2006304A1, DE68917107D1, EP0375122A2, EP0375122A3, EP0375122B1Publication number07288512, 288512, US 4971797 A, US 4971797A, US-A-4971797, US4971797 A, US4971797AInventorsSubraman R. Cherukuri, Lucy L. WongOriginal AssigneeWarner-Lambert CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (6), Referenced by (37), Classifications (34), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSweeteners of chlorosucrose cocrystallized with cyclodextrinUS 4971797 AAbstract The chlorosucrose sweetener known as sucralose is prepared in a thermally stable composition by co-crystallization with a cyclodextrin. The resulting crystalline product may be comminuted to form particles of desired size for use as a sweetener component in place of or in addition to known sweeteners such as sucrose, saccharin and the like, in a variety of foods, comestibles, and oral medications. The preparation of the stabilized sucralose compositions of the present invention constitutes a molecular encapsulation of the sucralose within the cyclodextrin thereby protecting the sucralose from discoloration caused by heat. Numerous applications for this stabilized complex are suggested and disclosed.
The cyclodextrin used in the present invention (hereinafter abbreviated as CD) is a cyclic non-reducing oligosaccharide homolog formula of (C6 H10 O5)n, joined by α-1,4-glucosidic linkages to form a cyclic structure. Generally, 6 to 10 D-glucopyranose groups are bonded in this fashion, and form a rigid "doughnut-shaped" conical structure with a hollow interior of a specified volume. The resulting material is accordingly named α-CD, β-CD or τ-CD according to the degree of polymerization, i.e, 6, 7 or 8 glucose units. The interior of the ring contains C-H bonds or ether bonds and is thereby hydrophobic, while the exterior of the ring defines OH groups and is thereby hydrophilic. Because of its structure CD is able to entrap various compounds in its cyclic interior, and has recognized utility as a "molecular" encapsulant. For example, a variety of materials including aromatics, alcohols, halides and hydrogen halides, fatty acids and their esters are among the compounds that may be held within the internal cavity of cyclodextrin. The "guest" molecules must satisfy the size criterion of fitting at least partially into the cyclodextrin internal cavity, resulting in an inclusion complex.
EXAMPLE II Additional thermal stability testing was conducted between a free sucralose control and inventive samples containing 2%, 3%, 5%, 10% and 15% cyclodextrin, respectively, for the purpose of confirming the results of the tests conducted in Example 1, and to determine the activity and effectiveness of inventive complexes prepared with other variant cyclodextrin contents. The preparation of the control and inventive samples was the same as that employed with the samples of Example 1. The temperature applied during the stability test was 195� F.�5.F. The results are set forth in Table 2 below, as well as in FIG. 1, which represents a plot of time delay in discoloration of the inventive samples over the control sample of pure sucralose.
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Salvatore Ferragamo Women's 3.4-ounce Eau de Parfum Spray - Free Shipping On Orders Over $45 - Overstock.com - 11151099
I love this scent! I was so glad to find it after being discontinued a few years back. You can't go wrong with this perfume.
ITEM# 11151099
ITEM#: 11151099
'Salvatore Ferragamo' women's eau de parfum spray boasts a beautiful, feminine scent Women's fragrance features dry scent of greens and anise with lily of the valley, spices and lower notes of fruit Eau de parfum spray is 3.4 fluid ounces We cannot accept returns on this product. Due to manufacturer packaging changes, product packaging may vary from image shown.
Salvatore Ferragamo discontinued selling this scent in their stores. I was pretty sad when I heard about it, since it's such a nice scent. It is a nice soft fresh floral with some base notes of spices/woods. It's a good scent for any age group.
The ONLY Scent I get complements on
I wear a big variety of scents... but none get as much complements as this one. Not Chanel, not Opium...maybe Cartier... but this one. I've had a customer run up to me with a pen and paper in her hand asking me what I was wearing. A co worker wanted to buy one for his wife. This is hard to find and I'm so happy to find this here!!!! Love it! It's a clean scent, not pungent... but a "fresh" out of the shower sort. Will not leave you tasting your perfume if you put too much on. I hate to think this would get discontinued... I think it is the best scent...and so do at least 10 other people who ran up and asked me what I was wearing...LOL. I advertise it.
Read More inflightqueen
This is my signature perfume.I use it alot! It's fresh,crisp, a real pretty light scent.You won't feel like your that cartoon" Pigpen" walking around in a cloud of perfume.
Read More motleydip
Salvatore Ferragamo Women's 3.4-ounce Eau de Parfum Spray Today: $32.99 Add to Cart

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