text:
Ruairí Brugha - Semantic Scholar
Niamh Humphries20
Gill Walt19
Myles Balfe18
Steve Thomas16
Mireille Kingma15
26Rifat A. Atun
21Elaine M Byrne
20Juliet Nabyonga-Orem
19Niamh Humphries
18Lucy L. Gilson
‘Doing’ health policy analysis: methodological and conceptual reflections and challenges
Gill Walt, Jeremy Shiffman, Helen Schneider, Susan Fairley Murray, Ruairí Brugha, Lucy L. Gilson
The case for undertaking policy analysis has been made by a number of scholars and practitioners. However, there has been much less attention given to how to do policy analysis, what research… (More)
Stakeholder analysis: a review.
Ruairí Brugha, Z Varvasovszky
The growing popularity of stakeholder analysis reflects an increasing recognition of how the characteristics of stakeholders--individuals, groups and organizations--influence decision-making… (More)
The effects of global health initiatives on country health systems: a review of the evidence from HIV/AIDS control.
Regien G. Biesma, Ruairí Brugha, Andrew Harmer, Aisling Walsh, Neil Spicer, Gill Walt
This paper reviews country-level evidence about the impact of global health initiatives (GHIs), which have had profound effects on recipient country health systems in middle and low income countries.… (More)
Improving the quality of private sector delivery of public health services: challenges and strategies.
Ruairí Brugha, Anthony Barry Zwi
Despite significant successes in controlling a number of communicable diseases in low and middle income countries, important challenges remain, one being that a large proportion of patients with… (More)
A stakeholder approach towards hospital accreditation in India.
S Nandraj, Abhay Khot, Suraj Menon, Ruairí Brugha
Accreditation has been recommended as a mechanism for assuring the quality of private sector health services in low-income countries, especially where regulatory systems are weak. A survey was… (More)
What prompts young adults in Ireland to attend health services for STI testing?
Myles Balfe, Ruairí Brugha
BACKGROUND In-depth understanding of the factors that prompt young adults to attend health services for sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing are needed to underpin sexual health programes. We… (More)
The Global Fund: managing great expectations.
Ruairí Brugha, Martine Donoghue, +4 authors Gill Walt
A stakeholder analysis.
Z Varvasovszky, Ruairí Brugha
This paper provides guidance on how to do a stakeholder analysis, whether the aim is to conduct a policy analysis, predict policy development, implement a specific policy or project, or obtain an… (More)
How to do ( or not to do ) . . . A stakeholder analysis

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text:
German girl, 16, who ran away to join ISIS may yet face the death penalty https://t.co/sJxotgyJdW
Wenzel's terrorist husband was reportedly killed fighting in Mosul.

type: global

value: This website is an American multinational conservative cable news television channel based in New York City. It is owned by Fox News Media, which itself is owned by the Fox Corporation.


text:
DSC01391: Ross Warner: Galleries: Digital Photography Review
FeaturesBeginner's GuidesGetting StartedPick a winnerCamera Roundups UpdatedIn-depth testingLatest Camera ReviewsBeyond the studio testsFeature Articles and Videosreal world performanceField Test Videossee how we seeSample Galleries96i wanna fly awayBest Camera Drones Under $15002364FeatureWhat is equivalence?245wide-angle wonderSigma 12-24mm F4 Art Lens Review1145action-packedSony a6500 First Impressions83instant gratification2016 Instax mini roundup1331ultimate om-dOlympus E-M1 Mark II ReviewWhat's that Noise?Shedding some light on the sources of noise195VideoDog Portraits with the Sony a6300shop aroundHoliday Gifts for Every Budget708new kid on the blockYI M1 review

value: This website is a website about digital cameras and digital photography, established in November 1998. The website provides comprehensive reviews of digital cameras, lenses and accessories, buying guides, user reviews, and forums for individual cameras, as well as general photography forums.


text:
Courtney Cunningham Miami: TEAM FL presentation
Plano anual de actividades 2010.11
136536 views
CourtneyCunningham
This is a presentation given by transportation consultant Courtney Cunningham of the Cunningham Group in Orlando, Florida for the TEAM Florida conference. ...
Courtney Cunningham Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, Orlando Public Involvement Marketing Public Relations Web Development 2.
Web Development PublicInvolvement.com Public Involvement 2.0® Public Involvement 2.0 Pro® software platform Developed overall District 6 online brandTasha Cunningham writes a Miami Herald technology column on marketing, public relations and social media 3.
Ancient History• Deputy Chief Counsel, RNC• Congressional Affairs, Depart of Labor• Congressional Affairs, American Trucking• Director, Government Relations, Ryder• Chief of Staff, Chairperson, Miami Dade County• Started firm almost 15 years ago 4.
“You can’t take the politics out of politics” Politics is not a negative Improper considerations are negative Failure to understand the politics of transportation decision-making is naive 5.
Politics defined:The art or science concerned with guiding or influencing government policyPeople try to influence government policy as it relates to them because of fear or greed—you need to know which one is in play 6.
Fear vs. GreedFear—powerful motivator and hard to overcomeGreed—powerful motivator but can be overcome 7.
Rich Friend/Poor FriendDidn’t understand the power of politics and the practitioners. Politics impacts everything Price of food, gas, clothing Unseen controlling handEvery decision in American life is impacted by political decisions…WHY? 8.
Why is every decision effected?Because power is addictive and once people have had a taste, they crave it forever… Money Matters--$1,000 files But, I can turn out 25,000 voters I want to be elected!! 9.
Political decisions are made thathelp make sure that I get electedGOP decision not to work with the President 242-193 Effective politics 10.
Blue wins, Red loses 11.
Sunrail/AmtrakAmtrak got into a fight that they couldn’t win Chairman of House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, John Mica Committee Chairmen are demigods 12.
Sunrail in next session Speaker Dean Cannon—committedSenate President Mike Haridopolos— committed Both from Central Florida Nothing will happen to SunRail 13.
Why is this important to you? If you don’t know what goes into political decision making, then you will not know how to prepare for that process and the decisions coming out of it. 14.
8 tips for you and 5 about them1.Do you need a meeting? Where, when and how you plan a meeting all set a tone and send a message about your meeting. 15.
2. What do you want?What is your goal? This reminds youwhen you can say goodbye. Rich friendadvice: Predetermine your exit point.Can’t go broke making a profit. 16.
3. Know your political environmentDo you know what is happening in politics? Read the paper and blogs Is your target vote in trouble? Is it better to retreat than lose? What’s the talk? 17.
4. What’s the message? Get it down to one sentence. Open strong. Capture attention quickly. You’ve got 15 seconds. 18.
5. Listen “I ain’t ever learned nothing talking.” Lyndon JohnsonYou can’t learn anything if you’re doing all the talking. The path to “yes” is usually found through listening 19.
6. Learn to countYes, I will vote for you is yes. “I understand” “I hear you” “I’m there for you” THOSE DON’T COUNT 20.
7. Tell the whole storyGive the whole story and tell the other side of the story, before it is told for you.If they get surprised, you may be locked out and you will lose credibility. 21.
8. What’s in it for them? Why is ______ good for his/her voters or that elected official?If you can’t answer this, you are in trouble! 22.
What you need to understand about elected officials. 1. Self preservation above all else 2. Pols run from trouble, not toward it.3. Friends don’t ask friends to do stupid things.4. All politics is local—it’s about my district and my voters. 5. If no, get a chit. In politics, there are no permanent friends or enemies, just permanent interests. Recommended

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text:
The Greatest Direct Mail Sales Letters of all Time: Richard S. Hodgson: 9780850132380: Amazon.com: Books
Richard S. Hodgson
› Visit Amazon's Richard S. Hodgson Page
Greatest Direct Mail Sales Letters Of All Time: Top American direct marketers choose the best-ever direct mail communication and lay bare the secrets of persuasive sales writing in this 500-page mega bestseller. This helpful data will help you become an absolute sales-clicking talker and writer.
Hardcover$59.06 Prime How to Write a Good Advertisement
Paperback$12.95 Prime Breakthrough Advertising
Paperback$24.97 Prime The Direct Mail Solution: A Business
Paperback$14.19 Prime The Copywriter's Handbook: A
Publisher: Dartnell Corp; Rev Sub edition (September 1995)
ISBN-10: 085013238X
ISBN-13: 978-0850132380
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,052,309 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
10 of 11 people found the following review helpfulDon't waste a moment more. Order this book while they last.
At last. In one place. With examples. With clear guidelines. The Book.This is the best of it's kind. A book to explain and inspire great direct mail composition. If you could only buy one book, buy this one. There are several very fine books on direct mail. Hershell Gordon Lewis has written several of them. Hodgson has a book which is easier to read and see how to apply the principles than any other single book. Short sentences - with snap, crackle and pop --- profusely illustrated with classic examples. No ponderous hair splitting and cutting down to the finest points. Here are the basics, the beginnings, the endings, the Post Scripts, the greetings ( salutations for the intellectuals) and the rest of it. You can see the pieces apart, and in the letters see how somebody put them together. No extra verbage. Good solid hard biting skills build from reading and rereading and appreciating the creative spirits of the best. Told plainly enough for even an engineer like me to use [ Engineer's definition of a sentence -- It starts with a big letter and ends with a period.]
6 of 7 people found the following review helpfulIs "The Greatest Direct Mail Salesletters Of All Time" the greatest letter swipe book ever?
In this video I compare and contrast "The Greatest Direct Mail Salesletters Of All Time" with Million Dollar Mailings. Both are excellent resources and cover some of the same territory, but differences in presentation and focus makes each a unique resource. Which one you buy or which you buy first will be a matter of what you're looking for and the type of mailing or salesletters you need to create.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpfulOrder this book if you are serious about writing direct response sales copy
This was the first printed book I've come across that lists a compilation of actual sales letters and then breaks down the history behind the letters and why they worked. Worth every penny. The one disappointment is it is just the sales letters. Not the envelope copy. Not the lift notes. Still, if your focus is writing great sales letters you must own this book. The second guide you MUST own is Million Dollar Mailings by Dension Hatch. Million Dollar Mailings breaks down not just sales letters, but shows lift notes, envelope copy and a history of many of the copywriters and their designers. Find an older copy if you can get it. The newer copies omit contact details of designers, if you need that. Because of the cost I held back in ordering for years, since I had not first seen the contents. But a few months ago I bought both of these from Amazon. A direct mail package I wrote for a client based on what I learned from studying these two is slated to earn potentially $40+ million for the franchise client (I should have charged a copywriting royalty :p). Not a bad investment I'd say.
5 of 7 people found the following review helpfulOne of the best book I've ever read on this subject
This book answered all of the questions that I had. It includes formulas from the greatest writers of all time, reviews of their work, and analyses of what they did and how they did it. The best.
Great book there.
Published 8 months ago by Mark W. Wilcox
I had been waiting for this book over 6 months before it was available. This was prior Kindle edition.
Published on July 31, 2011 by nelson14
Serious Copywriters
Serious Copywriters should have a copy of this read it and copy it. I don't know how they came up with these "100 Best Letters" and it can be argued that there are better, but...
Published on November 2, 2010 by James D. Nichol
Million Dollar Mailings by Denison Hatch Hardcover
My Life in Advertising and Scientific Advertising (Advertising Age Classics Library) by Claude Hopkins Paperback

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Find out if your remodeling dreams fit your budget reality.Try the Real Cost Finder 39,626 single hole Home Design Photos
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W.A.S.P. [VINYL]: Amazon.co.uk: Music
15 new from £13.53
1 used from £13.52
W.A.S.P. [VINYL] [Explicit Lyrics]
Buy the selected items togetherThis item:W.A.S.P. [VINYL] by W.A.S.P. Vinyl £14.99 In stock.Sold by Vinylhead and sent from Amazon Fulfillment.FREE Delivery on orders over £20. DetailsThe Last Command [VINYL] by W.A.S.P. Vinyl £14.99 In stock.Sold by Vinylhead and sent from Amazon Fulfillment.FREE Delivery on orders over £20. Details
The Last Command [VINYL]
The Crimson Idol [VINYL]
The Headless Children [VINYL]
Vinyl£16.36 Amazon Prime
Golgotha [VINYL]
ASIN: B009439G3Q
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 108,894 in Music (See Top 100 in Music)
1. Sleeping (In The Fire)
5.0 out of 5 starsThe debut from the most outrageous band in the world!
What can I add that hasn't already been said. This is hardly a raw debut. Blackie Lawless' vocals can skin a cactus from across the street but the music, heavy though it is, is well-structured and excellently produced for a first time effort. The infamous 'Animal...' is a shock-rock classic. As is 'I Wanna Be Somebody'. My first experience of this track was on vinyl shortly after it was released (before CDs!!!)and it was the first track on the album. And it raised the hairs on the back of my neck. Still does. 'Love Machine' follows suit as another classic. Very catchy. 'BAD' is great, following the verse/chorus formula but better than most. It's just no-nonsense good old rock and roll with a dirty heart. 'The Flame' is almost anthemic and could almost be covered as a folk song. 'School Daze' is kind of a 'School's Out'-lite. It's a lot of fun. 'Hellion' is back to the dirty, satanic WASP. A kind-of classic; very powerful.'Sleeping...' is a classic - full stop. A ballad that twists into another dark area. Beautiful and ugly all at the same time. 'On Your Knees' is a great, catchy, inimitably WASP track. 'Tormentor' is good but holds none of the sparkle and grit of what precedes it. The last track on the first release, 'The Torture Never Stops' is a great little closer. Apt and good without being excellent. Extra track, 'Show No Mercy' is very good and does fit with the rest but is sadly no classic. And the cover of the Stones' 'Paint It Black' is just that - a cover. Very brave of them and full marks for adding a WASP twist but ultimately an act of futility.However, if you are an avid absorber of all thing rock and/or metal this is an essential purchase.
5.0 out of 5 starsMore than just offensive
5.0 out of 5 starsbecause they could.
4.0 out of 5 starssleazy rock n roll classic
HASH(0x9ea8681c) out of 5 stars
Published 13 months ago by Mike Forshaw
Published 14 months ago by LSO
Published 16 months ago by Andy Blunt
This a great repackaged edition of the seminal album by WASP. Recuperating Animal (lost in its original edition) the album benefits from a classic anthem and rocking opener.
Published on 4 Sept. 2008 by J. M. Salinas
5.0 out of 5 starsExcellent and worthy a top rating


text:
Peder Carl Lasson - Wikipedia
Peder Carl Lasson (14 November 1798 – 5 June 1873) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway from 1855 to 1877.[1]
He was born in rural Bærum in Akershus, Norway. He was the son of Niels Quist Lasson (1762-1853) and Barbara Christiane Bremer (1773-1833). He went on the Christiania Cathedral School (now Oslo Cathedral School). He studied at the newly founded University of Christiania (now University of Oslo). He graduated with a degree in law during 1822.
He received a license as a barrister and began a career in law, being appointed Supreme Court judge in 1828, Supreme Court assessor in 1837 and district stipendiary magistrate (sorenskriver) of Aker in 1848.He had many law-related publications to his name.[2] He was acting Minister of Justice and the Police from July to September 1852 and October 1852 to April 1853,[3] as a member of the interim governments. Such interim governments were established when King Oscar I of Sweden travelled abroad or was ill.[4][5]
Lasson appointed successor to Chief Justice Georg Jacob Bull who died in 1854. Lasson served as the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway from 1855 to 1877.[6]
^ Jon Gisle. "Peder Carl Lasson". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved June 15, 2016. ^ List of publications in BIBSYS
^ Peder Carl Lasson born 1798 - Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD) Archived October 27, 2007, on Wayback Machine.
^ Norwegian members of the Interim Government. 15 - 18 July 1852. During King Oscar I’s travel to Germany - Regjeringen.no
^ Norwegian Members of the Interim Government. 11 October 1852 - 12 April 1853. During King Oscar I’s illness - Regjeringen.no
^ Jon Gunnar Arntzen. "P C Lasson, Jurist". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Legal offices
Søren Sørenssen
July 1852–September 1852
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peder_Carl_Lasson&oldid=749304715"	Categories: 1798 births1873 deathsPeople from AkershusPeople educated at Oslo Cathedral SchoolUniversity of Oslo alumniNorwegian lawyersGovernment ministers of NorwayChief Justices of NorwayNorwegian politician, 1790s birth stubsHidden categories: Webarchive template wayback linksAll stub articles	Navigation menu
Norsk bokmålSvenska	Edit links	This page was last edited on 13 November 2016, at 17:27.

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Map Twinbrook Lane Maggie Valley NC 1-866-599-6674
73/87 Pool
Pool 73/87
Get an overview of this hotel3-star cabin with indoor pool and health club
Situated in Maggie Valley, this cabin is within a 10-minute walk of Wheels Through Time Museum and Stompin' Ground. Maggie Valley Opry House and Fantasy Golf & Game Room are also within 1 mi (2 km).
An indoor pool, a health club, and a spa tub are available at this cabin. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include a business center, concierge services, and laundry facilities.
All 15 individually decorated cabins feature free WiFi and DVD players. Guests can enjoy fireplaces, and other standard amenities include kitchens with refrigerators and stovetops. Limited housekeeping is available.
In addition to an indoor pool, Cabins at Twinbrook Resort provides a health club and a spa tub. A computer station is located on site and wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary. A business center is on site at this 3-star property. This Maggie Valley cabin also offers tour/ticket assistance, barbecue grills, and a picnic area. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
Cabins at Twinbrook Resort has designated areas for smoking.
Pets allowed for an extra charge of USD 15 per pet, per stay, plus a deposit of USD 15.00 per stay
Cheap Flights from CLT to NCL
TSN to Osaka
Cheap Hotels Fairview Oklahoma
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text:
Special praise for Ana - Review of Best Western Inn at Palm Springs - TripAdvisor
“Our first night we were given a room whose only...”
“24 Hour Outdoor Hot Tub/Pool”
“Nice staff, clean hotel and 24 hr. pool hours”
“Very clean and cozy and the pool is available 24...”
“Fun In the Sun with a Golden Retriever Puppy!”
“The pool was very small - the kind you take a dip...”
“Breakfast by the pool was a nice touch - but...”
“When we stayed, there was ample free parking, so...”
“First of all, I really preciated the pool bar...”
“Restaurants are close by with a Mexican across...”
“We had a king size room, the furnishing was up to...”
“Free wifi worked well in the room”
“We were on a Harley Davidson tour organized by...”
Special praise for Ana - Review of Best Western Inn at Palm Springs
1633 South Palm Canyon Drive, Palm Springs, Greater Palm Springs, CA 92264-8343 (Formerly BEST WESTERN Inn at Palm Springs) |
Ranked #41 of 73 Hotels in Palm Springs
All staff very helpful and friendly. Special praise for Ana. Credit to the hotel.
Excellent breakfast. Good location. Short drive into centre of town.
One negative comment.....after showering and leaving the bath, five minutes later after walking around my room(108), my feet were black. Meaning the carpet needs a good clean.
Ask Charles093 about Best Western Inn at Palm Springs
hotelgm99, Guest Relations Manager at Best Western Inn at Palm Springs, responded to this reviewResponded November 14, 2012
It was a pleasure to have you stay with us and thank you for your feedback. While we are glad that you were happy with your overall stay, we wish to inform you that we will certainly discuss your concern about the carpets in your room with the maintenance department. We look forward to have you stay with us in the future.
495 - 501 of 762 reviews
JenODell
My son and I stayed here one night as we had a booth in the annual Pride festival this weekend. The staff here are super friendly and helpful! The room was very nice, clean and very comfortable after spending the day working in the heat. The location was perfect! The gentleman at the desk in the evening was kind enough to call us a cab to go to dinner. Wish we had had more time to enjoy the beautiful pool and spa! The breakfast was very nice and gave us a good start for day two of the festival. When checking out, Chris at the front desk was very warm and friendly and made us feel appreciated. I will definitely stay here again while visiting Palm Springs!
Ask JenODell about Best Western Inn at Palm Springs
Thank JenODell
Just doing a short stopover in palm springs, not really knowing what I'd like to do around town, this is a great value place to stop for a bit and get your bearings.
Wifi and a computer for the guests can help you see what's what,
The rooms are great, ACed, spacious, and mine even had a scale, if you're curious about how many pounds you may have put on during your trip ;-)
The breakfast was pretty good as hotel breakfasts go, and set energize you before a day of wandering around the upper reaches of the Palm springs airtram, which you'll probably end up doing, one way or another.
I wouldn't exactly call it near to any main attraction I've noticed, but the are a restaurants and of course the ubiquitous KFC and IHOP a short walk away.
Ask IsraeliTourits about Best Western Inn at Palm Springs
Thank IsraeliTourits
hotelgm99, Guest Relations Manager at Best Western Inn at Palm Springs, responded to this reviewResponded November 5, 2012
It was wonderful having you stay with us, thank you very much for your encouraging feedback.
Good deal short drive to action
This Best Western has the most comfortable beds and very decent breakfast all offered at a very good price. There are no views to speak of the complex backs up to a hill and right next door to another motel. The cafes and shops to visit in Palm Springs is a very short drive. The gym is very small but adequate for a short stay. If your looking for a good deal and since you have to drive most places anyway making a car a must this place is a very good choice.
Room Tip: Great beds and breakfast
Ask Frank G about Best Western Inn at Palm Springs
This hotel is situated right on the outskirts of palm springs, it is on a junction but not that busy so it is not a problem, check in was quick and smooth, they have complimentary coffee and internet in a small lobby area. The room was overlooking the car park but was spotless and large king bed, flatscreen tv and complimentary internet which was very good.The best part is the complimentary breakfast which is held in the pool area nice and cool at that part of the day, with cooked waffles, cold cereal, toast, yoghurts, coffee and pastries.We got a good price of £59 a day plus taxes, for a few days this location is ideal.There are a few restaurants nearby but the main high street is only a short ride away.
Ask mallin1321 about Best Western Inn at Palm Springs
hotelgm99, Guest Relations Manager at Best Western Inn at Palm Springs, responded to this reviewResponded October 28, 2012
Thank you very much for writing in, it was a pleasure to have you stay with us.
The Brit returns again....
Very helpful and friendly staff with a very good knowledge of the area. Modern rooms with flat screen TV's, with constant improvements. Comfortable beds and furnishings with good quality linen. A good basic breakfast available for 3 hours every morning, very well presented near the 24hour pool - which is well maintained and very refreshing. Constantly being improved - I have stayed here many times, I visit twice every year, always to find something has been improved for the comfort of guests..
The hotel itself is well situated (approx. 1.2 miles out of town,), continues to be very well maintained and I enjoy the friendlyness of all the staff, who go that extra mile to ensure guests have a comfortabe stay... I like the home comfort and I have booked for March 2013 already!!!!
Room Tip: Rooms away from the pool end of the corridors are much quieter and you still do not have far to walk...
Ask uksunseeker_11 about Best Western Inn at Palm Springs
Thank uksunseeker_11
Thank you very much for your positive feedback and continued patronage; we look forward to seeing you again in March 2013!
Minklechicken
It was a nice stay second time around
I already stayed in palm Springs in this very hotel 2 years before and liked it. Staff are extremely helpful, rooms are just fine and include a nice big armchairs which are good for reading in and reasonable breakfast (porridge oats, coffe and tea, fruit, other cereals and tasty danishes).
We stayed 4 nights this time and had no complaints. My only complaint would be that parking gets very busy so not sure what it is like at full occupancy. No other comments. Nice place to stay at.
Ask Minklechicken about Best Western Inn at Palm Springs
Thank Minklechicken
#31 of 73 in Palm Springs
Address: 1633 South Palm Canyon Drive, Palm Springs, Greater Palm Springs, CA 92264-8343 (Formerly BEST WESTERN Inn at Palm Springs)
TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Best Western, Booking.com, Expedia, Travelocity, Priceline, Hotels.com, Orbitz, Hotwire, Cancelon, TripOnline SA, Cheap Tickets, getaroom.com and HotelQuickly so you can book your Best Western Inn at Palm Springs reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.

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text:
2 bedroom flat for sale in Promenade, Southport, PR9
www.rightmove.co.uk/property/47045808
Fully Modernised Shower Room
For Sale with No Chain!! Well presented two bedroom third floor apartment with lift access, situated in the Grade II listed Queens Hotel Court. Boasting a prime location close to Southport Town Centre & Promenade the apartment briefly comprises two bedrooms, open plan living area, fitted kitchen & fully modernised shower room . The apartment is offered for sale on a 75% shared ownership basis . Residents must be over 60 years of age and retired from full time employment. Allocated parking space.
Front door into the hall, secure entry phone system, wood effect laminate flooring, electric storage heater and large storage cupboard housing the water tank & meters.
Sash window to the side with sea views, electric fire set in a wood surround with marble effect inserts & hearth, two wall mounted electric storage heaters, fully carpeted, display cabinets & shelving units, fully carpeted, television point, and telephone point. Open to:
Fitted with a range of wall & base units with complimenting work surfaces, stainless steel sink with drainer & mixer tap, tiled splash backs, free standing oven with extractor hood over, wood flooring and sash window to the side with sea views.
Window to the side, wall mounted electric storage heater and fully carpeted.
Window to the side, wall mounted electric storage heater and wood effect laminate flooring.
Fully modernised shower room comprising of low level WC, hand wash basin, vanity unit and walk in shower cubicle with Mira electric shower, fully tiled walls, heated towel rail, dimplex heater and window to the rear.
Secure Allocated parking space 75% Shared Ownership Service Charges - £124.99 Per Month Peppercorn Rent No Pets No Sub-Letting Lease - 99 Years from 2002 Management Company - Redwing Living Lift Access to all Floors, including to basement car parking.
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Water Efficient Landscaping Ideas - Hayward, California 720 views
Colorado Master Gardenersm ProgramColorado Gardener Certificate TrainingColorado State University ExtensionCMG GardenNotes #411Water Wise Landscape Design: StepsOutline: Seven principles of water-wise landscaping – page 1 What is “landscape design”? – page 2 Steps to creating practical and pleasing outdoor living space – page 2 Step 1. Site Analysis identifies opportunities and limitations of the property. – page 3 Step 2. Family Analysis creates a story line, bringing unity into the landscape. – page 6 Step 3. With bold lines, delineate softscape and hardscape areas, creating outdoor rooms. – page 8 a. Define macro-use of space with hydrozone bubble drawings. – page 10 o Bubble drawings, page 10 o Hydrozoning, page 11 o Creating practical turf and non-turf areas. – page 12 b. Refine macro-space (lawn areas, flowerbeds, vegetable garden, patio, etc) with bold lines, in rectilinear, curvilinear, or angular design style. – page 13 c. Refine preliminary design for efficient irrigation. – page 14 d. Delineate micro-spaces with connecting paths, plants, and hardscape features. – page 19 Step 4. Develop plant consideration lists based on hydrozones. – page 20 Step 5. Fitting elements into the design based on the design principles. – page 21Seven Principles of Water-Wise Landscaping • Planning and designing for water conservation, beauty, and utility. – The take home message is that it requires planning. Water savings does not happen by accident or by just placing a few xeric plants around the landscape. • Hydrozoning – Selecting plants appropriate to our climate, grouping them according to water need, and then actually irrigating according to water need. – The take home message is actually watering the plants according to their need rather than watering the entire yard the same. • Watering efficiently with appropriate irrigation methods. – Of all the principles, watering efficiently has a greatest water savings potential for the typical landscape. The average homeowner uses twice the amount of water the lawn and gardens actually need. Efficient irrigation includes attention to design, maintenance, and management. • Creating practical turf and non-turf areas. – Water wise landscaping is not anti turf, but rather matching the turf type to the actual use of the site. This is a change from the typical landscape design where high input lawn is the common ground covering. • Improving the soil. – With improved soils, plants reach a larger supply of water. 411-1 2.
• Mulching to reduce evaporation. – Mulch with drip irrigation can reduce water use by 50%. • Maintaining with good horticultural practices. – Healthy plants are more tolerant of summer heat and wind.What Is “Landscape Design”? Landscape design is a process, rather than just plunking down plants. For existing landscapes, let the process guide the evolution of the design to become more water wise. Landscape design creates practical and pleasing outdoor living space. Landscape design develops a series of outdoor rooms. Landscape design brings the familys wants, needs, and values into the design. These will vary from family to family and will evolve with time for any family. Landscape design is about how the space will be used. It is about the connections and "feelings" created with the space. Is the space for relaxation and healing, or for action? For many, gardening is a vehicle for spiritual and emotional connection and renewal. o More than anything else, a garden is a portal, a passage into another world, one of your own thoughts and your own making; it is whatever you want it to be and you are what you want to be. – William Longgood o Paradise is from the Persian word for “walled garden”. Landscape design is about the family’s investment in time and dollars. Design is more of an art. Gardening is more of a craft. The two are not the same. Begin a great gardener does not make the individual a good designer. Being knowledgeable about gardening does not necessarily give knowledge about design. Most knowledgeable gardeners are rather unfamiliar with landscape design concepts.Steps to Creating Practical and Pleasing Outdoor Living Space 1. Site analysis identifies opportunities and limitations of the property. 2. Family analysis creates a story line, bringing unity into the landscape. 3. With bold lines, delineate softscape and hardscape areas, creating outdoor rooms. a. Define macro-use of space with hydrozone bubble drawings. o Bubble drawings define hydrozones for efficient landscape irrigation. o Create practical turf and nonturf areas. b. Refine macro space (lawn areas, flowerbeds, vegetable garden, patio, etc) with bold lines, in rectilinear, curvilinear, or angular design style. c. Refine preliminary design for efficient irrigation. 411-2 3.
d. Delineate micro-spaces with connecting paths, plants, and hardscape features. 4. Develop plant consideration lists based on hydrozones. 5. Fit elements into the design based on the design principles of color, texture, form, line, unity, scale, balance, simplicity, variety, emphasis, and sequence.Step 1 – Site Analysis Identifies Opportunities and Limitations of the Property. Landscape maintenance professional estimate that 90% of the landscape maintenance problems arise from issues that could/should have been addressed with the site analysis. For most, site analysis is an ongoing process. Keep a garden journal, recording concerns and success for future reference. [Figure 1] Figure 1. Site analysis looks at opportunities and limitations of the property including sun/shade patterns, wind and air drainage, soil tilth, soil drainage, slopes, views, and factors outside the property line that influence use and design of the property. Soil Tilth – 80% of landscape plant problems are soil related! o Soil structure and compaction ○ pH and free lime o Sandy, clayey, or rocky ○ Nutrients o Soil depth and profile ○ Salts o Organic content Grading and Drainage o Slopes and land use o Erosion potential o Grading structures o Drainage off the property o Drainage onto the property o Low spots and standing water o Drainage down through the soil profile Figure 2. Although berms are popular with designers, they may be high maintenance with dry slopes 411-3 4.
Acceptable Slope o Patio-terrace 1 to 2% o Entrance walks 1 to 4% o Ramps (with railing) up to 15% o Steps (with railing) up to 50% o Driveways 1 to 15% o Drainage swales 2 to 10% o Planted banks up to 33% - Year-round plant cover to prevent erosion. o Slopes greater than 10% are hard to walk on and require year-round plant cover to prevent erosion.Grading Structures o For stability, retaining walls and dry walls have specific design criteria. Contact the local city building department for details on local code requirements. o For scale, the minimum depth of the level area below the wall should be at least one and one-half times the wall height. Figure 3. Retaining structures have specific design criteria. Refer to local city building codes for details. Left: retaining wall with weep hole. Right: dry wall.Microclimate o Orientation (north and south) and shade patterns o Prevailing winds and air drainage o Temperature extremes (heat sinks, cold pockets)Existing Plant Materials o What plants are currently in the landscape? o What is their condition? o Which will be kept?Extensional Landscape o Subdivision covenants o Views to frame or mask o Noise o Neighborhood landscape style o Privacy and security 411-4 5.
Natural Precipitation and Irrigation Potential o In Colorado, natural precipitation varies greatly, from below seven inches per year to above 35 inches per year. What is the natural precipitation at your site? o Colorado communities vary greatly in water resources. Due to the planning of forefathers, some have great water resources. Whereas other communities lack the water resources for landscape irrigation. What is the situation in your community?Opportunity or Restraint? o Use the site analysis as an opportunity to create a unique landscape working with the limitations of the site. [Figures 4 to 6] 411-5 6.
Figures 4 to 6. In site analysis, look at how the gardener can work with the limitations of the property to create a practical and pleasing landscape. Here at Abkhazi Garden in Victoria, BC, much of the property is covered in rock outcroppings. Working with the rock, Prince and Princess Abkhazi created an amazing garden of love and peace.Step 2. Family Analysis Creates a Story Line, Bringing Unity to the Landscape. What does the family want and need from the landscape? How will the family relate to the landscape? Will the space be routinely used by the family or is it simply filler space around the home? What does the family want the landscape to communicate? What does the family want to “feel” from the landscape? Is it a setting of peace and relaxation, or a setting for action activities? What does the family want the landscape to communicate to others? o The Latin word for “sacred” gives us the word “sanctuary” denoting not only a sacred space but also a place of refuge and protection. – Peg Streep o Creating Sacred Space – We transform our gardens and yards into sacred space when we understand them as places of growth, not only for plants and trees but also for our inner selves. – Peg Streep Irrigation: What are the family’s interests and values towards irrigated and non- irrigated landscape areas? How does this match with reality of the natural precipitation and irrigation potential? Time: What are the family’s interests and values towards gardening activities? Dollars: What financial resources will be invested in the landscape? 411-6 7.
Rather than filling the landscape with stuff, make some choices! 1. Select the three most important elements in the design. 2. From these important elements, write a story line that reflects how you want to relate to the landscape. [Figures 7 and 8] Figure 7. Family analysis is about what the family wants and needs in the landscape. How will the family connect to the space? How will the outdoor rooms be used? The family of this Steamboat Springs garden enjoys the sitting area with fire pit. Figure 8. Outdoor rooms in this backyard include a dining room, a fountain garden room, and vegetable garden room, creating a pleasant, relaxing space. Writing a Story Line The story line creates a more congruent message bringing unity into the design. The story line clarifies how the family wants to relate to and use the space. It reflects the familys personal tastes. It clarifies the "feeling" or mood the family desires from the landscape. For example, is it peaceful and relaxing space or energized for action? It clarifies what the family want to communicate to others. 411-7 8.
o This is the most important design step. Without a story line, most landscapes are not really designs, but rather collections of plant materials. o This is the most difficult design step in the design process. It takes some careful evaluation about what the family really wants and needs in the design.Step 3. With Bold Lines, Delineate Softscape and Hardscape Areas, CreatingOutdoor Rooms. Note: Softscape features of the landscape include all the plants (trees, shrubs, flowers, turf, vegetables, fruits, etc.) Hardscape features of the landscape include the non-living elements of the design (patio, deck, fences, water features, and lighting.) Three Areas in the Landscape Public area (front yard) is the portion of the yard openly viewed by others. Homeowners associations and cities often regulate what can/cannot be done in the public area. [Figures 9 to 11] o Driveway and path to front door o Lawn, trees, shrubs and flowers o Community standards – Following community standards for the front yard helps create the feeling that the community is friendly and welcoming, increasing property values. o What does the family want to communicate to the neighborhood? Figure 9. The public area is the portion of the yard in open view by others. It may have HOA or community standards that influence the design Figures 10 and 11. When the public area reflects community landscape standards it builds a welcoming and friendly feeling for the community and enhances neighborhood property values. The public area communicates about the family. What does your front yard communicate about your family? 411-8 9.
Private area (back yard) is the portion of the yard not openly viewed by others. Being the familys private space, it is designed with rooms to support the family’s activities and interests. [Figure 12] o Cooking and eating rooms o Sitting rooms, play room o Fruit, vegetable, and flower garden room o Water features o How does the family want to relate to the space? o How will the family use the space? Figure 12. The private area is typically the family’s primary outdoor living space. Utility areas serve specific nonlandscape functions such as the dog run and parking. They need to fit into the function of the landscape design. o Garden shed, potting area, work area, compost bins o Storage, dog runs, additional parking for cars, boats, RVs o How does this fit into the landscape?Think of Design as Creating an Assortment of Outdoor Rooms. [Figure 13] o What makes up the floor? o What makes up the wall? o What makes up the ceiling? o Lines connect and defines space (rooms) Figure 13. The landscape is an assortment of outdoor rooms with various activities. In design, pay attention to the floor coverings, wall features, and what makes up the ceiling. 411-9 10.
Step 3a. Define Macro-Use of Space with Hydrozone Bubble Drawings. Bubble Drawings Bubble drawings brainstorm the macro-use of space. It the first and primary opportunity in the design process to be creative. Bubble drawings are ovals that identify space allocation and use. For example, a circle represents the location and approximate size of the patio. Other circles identify the location and approximate size of lawn areas, the vegetable garden area, flower beds, etc. [Figure 14] Bubble drawings do not identify actual lines, beds, path, or individual plants. These will come in future steps in the design process. [Figure 15] The bubble drawing step also defines hydrozones, areas with various levels of irrigation. [Figure 16] Landscape elements that will not change (like an existing deck or large tree) should be on the plan before starting this step. Do not move on too fast. Breaking out of the box, look at a variety of options. Try lots of options before selecting the one to use as the base for the design To become the design base, select a bubble drawing that best serves the design needs, best communicates “feelings,” and gives the best connection with the space. Figure 14. Examples of bubble drawings for a back yard with people space (patio and lawn rooms), vegetable room, and flower room. Figure 15. Bubble drawings are ovals that depict various uses and irrigation levels of the space. Left: They need to fill the space, rather than leave large area unidentified (red in the drawing). Right: Bubble drawing do not identify the actual shape and line of the areas, this will come in the next steps. 411-10 11.
Hydrozoning – Selecting plants appropriate for the climate, grouping plants according towater needs, and actually watering them according to need. In irrigation management, individual plants are not watered plant by plant. Rather the irrigation system waters all plants in an area (call zone). With sprinkler irrigation this is easy to understand. With drip irrigation, we apply water to individual plants, but all plants in the zone receive the same run time and frequency of irrigation. As a point of clarification, some gardener mistakenly think that using half, one, and two gallon per hour drippers is an effective method to manage the differing water needs. Although this works to a small degree, the concept is basically flawed. The two gallon per hour drippers will have significantly larger wetting zones than the half gallon per hour dripper. However, plants with the higher water need (two gallon/hour drippers) do not necessarily have a larger root spread. Likewise, plants with the lower water need (half gallon/hour dripper) will not necessarily have a smaller root spread. (In fact, a large root spread is what makes some plants more xeric). The factor missing here is irrigation frequency to match the water needs. In simple terms irrigation is done by areas not plant by plant. Hydrozoning groups plants with similar water needs, and then actually irrigates each group in the landscape to match the water needs of the grouping. In developing bubble drawing, factor in the irrigation needs (hydrozones). [Figure 16] o Areas of routine irrigation – watered every 2 to 4 days. o Areas of reduced irrigation – watered every 4 to 14 days. o Areas of limited irrigation – watered during dry spells once plants are established. o Nonirrigated areas Figure 16. Examples of yards with various styles of hydrozones – Left: yard with reduced irrigated lawn in front and back, limited irrigation shrub and flower bed in front yard, routine irrigation flower bed around patio in back yard and non-irrigated side yards. Center: larger property with a patch of lawn in the front and back yard while much of the property has limited irrigation. Right: Yard is basically nonirrigated with small limited irrigation flowerbeds near house in front and back. Hydrozones Base on Irrigation Need [Figure 17] o Lawns—Routine irrigation o Lawns—Reduced irrigation o Lawns—Limited irrigation or non-irrigated 411-11 12.
o Mixed flower and shrub beds—Routine irrigation o Mixed flower and shrub beds—Reduced irrigation o Mixed flower and shrub beds—Limited irrigation o Vegetables – routine irrigation o Tree fruits – reduced irrigation o Small fruits – routine irrigation o Nonirrigated areas F i g u r e 1 7 . E x a m p l e s of hydrozone bubble drawings. Note the multiple hydrozone zones for flowers. Note: A common incorrect belief is that lawns are high water user and shrubs and flowers are low water users. Actually, the water demand of Kentucky bluegrass is lower middle class when placed in an ordered list of water demands for landscape plants. The typical lawn receives twice the amount of water that it actually needs.Creating Practical Turf and Nonturf Areas Water wise gardening is not anti-turf, but rather about selecting the turf type to match the use of the property. This is a change from the typical western landscape where most of the property is covered with high-input lawn. What turf type matches the design objectives and use of the site? o Routine irrigation with high performance Kentucky bluegrass and turf-type tall fescue – For high traffic areas with lots of wear and tear, like ball fields. While most home lawns are managed this way, few actually have the wear and tear to justify the high inputs. o Reduced irrigation with Kentucky bluegrass and turf-type tall fescue – This reduced water use actually matches the need of most home lawns, keeping it summer green. 411-12 13.
o Minimal irrigation with summer dormant Kentucky bluegrass or Buffalograss – Quality of the lawn depends on the amount of rain and irrigation the grass actually receives. o Non-irrigates sites with Buffalograss or blue grama grass – quality of the lawn depends on the amount of rain the grass actually receives. For additional information on turf options in Water Wise Design, refer to CMG GardenNotes #412, Selecting Turf for Water Wise Landscapes. What turf type matches the communitys water supply? Some communities lack the water resources for routine landscape irrigation. Here limited or non-irrigation may be the only practical options. Other communities have good water resources to support landscape irrigation needs. However, even these communities may lack the water resources during our western drought cycles. In dry years, the community may need to accept lower levels of inputs and drier lawns.Step 3b. Refine Macro Space (lawn areas, mixed shrub and flowerbeds, vegetable gardens,patio, etc.) with Bold Lines in Rectilinear, Curvilinear, or Angular Design Style. Which design style fits the theme? • Rectilinear style has straight lines and right angles in square and rectangular shapes. It is described as bold, orderly, organized, and stately; or stuffy, uncreative, and controlling. [Figures 18 & 19] • Curvilinear style replaces the straight line and right angles with bold sweeping curves. (Avoid wavy lines as this does not create the bold line for a strong design.) It is described as natural, free flowing, and friendly; or lacking form and structure. [Figure 18 & 19] • Angular style uses the straight lines but with a variety of angles and directions. It is described as modern, action oriented, and bold; or hectic, chaotic, and disorganized. [Figures 18 & 19] Most people have a love/hate relationship to the three styles. Select the style that created the feeling or mood desired from the story line. A common question is "May styles be mixed?" o Basically no, as it weakens the feelings created by the style and destroys unity. o However, a front yard could be one style and the back yard another style. In large properties, various areas may have different styles. o The property line and the home style do not dictate the landscape style. o It is recognized that a rectilinear deck and raised bed garden boxes may be found in an otherwise curvilinear design. 411-13 14.
Figure 18. Examples of styles for a backyard with patio (gray), flower beds (pink), and vegetable garden (yellow). Figure 19. Notice how lines connect and define space. The different styles bring various feelings to the site. Some are calming and relaxing whereas others stimulate action. Which design style fits the story line?Step 3c. Refine Preliminary Design for Efficient Irrigation Of all the principle of water wise landscaping, irrigation efficiency has the greatest water saving potential for most home gardeners. On a community basis, gardeners apply twice the amount of water that plants actually need. This is due to poor irrigation system design, management, and maintenance. Efficiency in irrigation is based on uniformity of water delivery. In any irrigation zone, spots that receive more water will be overwatered to keep spots that receive less water green. Drip irrigation systems are great for mixed flower and shrub beds, perennials, small fruits, and vegetables. Drip irrigation is not an install and forget it type of system. Like any irrigation system, maintenance is required. Sprinkler irrigation is more suited for large trees and lawn areas. Sprinkler Irrigation: Design Criteria for Uniform Water Delivery o Uniformity of water delivery = water savings 411-14 15.
1. Head-to-head coverage [Figure 20] • Spray from each head must reach neighboring heads. • A 10 to 20% overlap may give better uniformity. • Less than head to head coverage (while popular to reduce installation costs) significantly increases water use for the life of the system. Figure 20. Head- to-head coverage is a minimum standard for water savings. Water from each head reaches the neighboring heads. A 10 to 20% overlap may give even better uniformity.2. Line-out along nonirrigated areas. [Figure 21] • Another standard for water savings is to water from the outside in. • Do not water from the center out onto nonirrigation areas. The nonirrigated area will be watered or a dry edge will be found along the edge of the lawn. • Although lining out requires more sprinkler heads with higher installation costs, it is a primary water saving technique, reducing water use. Figure 21. Another water saving standard is to line out the irrigated area from the non-irrigated area by watering from the outside inward.3. Fill in with heads in square and triangle patterns. [Figures 22 & 23] • For uniform water distribution, fill in heads in square or triangle patterns. The overlap gives the most uniform delivery. • Avoid pentagons (five- sided) patters and this creates a dry spot. Figure 22. For uniform water delivery, fill in heads in square or triangle patterns. Figure 23. Avoid placing heads in pentagon shaped patterns, it creates dry spots and the entire lawn will be overwatered to compensate. Pentagon-shaped patters frequently pop up in irregular shaped areas. 411-15 16.
4. Use uniform type, brand, and style of heads in each irrigation zone. • Spray heads apply water a 1 to 2½ inches per hour. • Rotor heads apply water at ¼ to ¾ inches per hour. 5. Avoid sprinkler irrigation of small irregular shaped areas. • To walk the talk of being water wise, avoid sprinkler irrigation on small irregular shaped areas. • Minimum width of sprinklers is generally is five to ten feet wide. • In design, avoid sprinkler irrigation on smaller areas. Design these for drip irrigation, hand watering, or nonirrigation areas. Or avoid creating small irregular shape areas all together in the design process. 6. Use recommended water pressure. • A mist cloud around a sprinkler head indicates excessive pressure, increasing evaporation and total water usage. • A pressure regular is standard on newer homes. This is typically located were the water line enters the home, just beyond the shut-off valve. It can be retrofitted into the water line in older home. • Most sprinkler heads in the home garden trade are designed to work at 30 to 40 psi, and generally do not have internal pressure regulators. • Heads use on commercial/industrial properties may work with much higher pressures and these more expensive heads generally have a pressure regular built into the head. • Many cities deliver water at 30 to 40 psi. However much higher pressures are common. With pressure above 80 psi, automatic values may have trouble closing.Typical sprinkler patterns [Figure 24] • Full circles • Half circles giving a straight line. • Quarter circles giving a right angle for square corners • Adjustable arc (the angle can be manually set); however, these are less uniform in delivery. • Other patterns (like strip head) lack good uniformity in water distribution. Figure 24. Sprinkler heads come in full circle, half circle, quarter circles, and adjustable arc. 411-16 17.
Fitting sprinkler patters into the design Pop-up spray heads are spaced at eighth to fifteen-foot intervals (depending on interchangeable nozzle installed). They have a high water deliver rate, around two inches per hour, often leading to surface run-off. They are used for small areas. Rotor heads are spaced at 15 to 45 or more foot intervals (depending on the head). They have a lower delivery rate, around half-inch per hour, causing less surface run-off. These are use for large open areas. For example, a 30-foot by 45-foot area would have pop-up spray heads at 15-foot intervals, with quarter heads in the corners, half heads along the sides and full circles in the center. [Figure 25] Figure 25. Left: For this 30-foot wide by 45-foot long area, pop-up spray heads could be used at 15 foot centers. Right: quarter head would be place in the corners, half heads along the sides and full circle heads in the center. With head to head coverage, this would give a good efficiency for water delivery. If a flowerbed was added to the area, blocked spray creates a dry area around the bed and a very wet planting bed from the intercept water. In water wise design, AVOID blocking sprinkler delivery with flowers and shrubs. [Figure 26] Figure 26. If a flower/shrub bed was added to this sprinkler layout, it will interfere with water distribution. The lawn areas around the bed will be dry, and the rest of the lawn will be over watered to compensate. The flower/shrub bed will be rather wet from the intercepted water. In water wise landscaping design, overlay the sprinkler layout onto the design. Then adjust the lines of the design for efficient irrigation layout. [Figure 27] 411-17 18.
Remember o Head-to-head coverage with up to 20% overlap o Line out nonirrigated areas o Place heads in square and triangle patters o For small areas, use pop-up spray heads at 15-foot centers. For open large areas, use rotor type heads spaced at 15-45+ foot centers depending on the site and heads used. o Avoid sprinkler irrigation on spaces less than five to ten feet wide. Figure 27. To walk the talk of being water wise, adjust the line in the preliminary design for improved irrigation efficiency. In the drawing the blue area represents a lawn that will be sprinkler irrigated surrounded by a mixed flower shrub beds with drip irrigation. The original line is indicated with the dotted line. Then the sprinkler grid pattern was over-laid. With head-to-head coverage, note that some lawn areas are outside of the water delivery zone. Sliding the heads out to compensate will significantly increase water use with the lack of head-to-head coverage. A better solution is to move the line inside the sprinkler delivery pattern. As redrawn, this minor adjustment could reduce water use by 30 to 50%!In small area, sprinkler heads cannot follow the curves. Rather, they stay on thegrid lines. In water wise design, draw primary lines, and then overlay the sprinklersystem looking at patterns. Adjust the head placement (staying on the grid) andredraw lines for maximum water savings. [Figures 28-30] Figure 28. In small areas, notice how the sprinkler heads must stay on the grid lines. Plant materials along the edge of the lawn area must be kept short to allow for water delivery and must be tolerant of the water levels given the lawn. Right: If the head is moved in to the edge of the lawn (blue area), it creates coverage problems along the edge. As drawn, the final head placement is given in Figure 28 left. 411-18 19.
Figure 29. As drawn, the sprinkler head in the upper right hand corner could be eliminated. Drawing left and right show adjustments in placement and arc of adjacent heads. Note: for head to head coverage in this small area, all heads stay on the grid line. As drawn, the final head placement is given in Figure 23 left. Figure 30. Left: Illustration of sprinkler layout for a lawn area 30 by 45 feet with pop- up spray heads at 15-foot intervals. Notice how heads stay on the grid line. The head in the upper right corner was eliminated with adjustments made in placement and arc of neighboring heads. Notice the overspray of the sprinkler system on the edges of the flower/shrub bed. Any plant materials in this area would be low ground cover types and acceptable to the watering level of the lawn. Right: Illustration of sprinkler layout for a 60 by 90 foot lawn area with pop-up spray heads at 15-foot centers. Rotor heads: In the large 60 by 90-foot lawn area, rotor heads could be used at 30- foot spacings. With rotor heads the layout would be like the illustration on the left.Step 3d. Delineate Micro-Spaces with Connecting Paths, Plants, and Hardscape Features With the primary lines refined for efficient landscape irrigation, we are now ready to continue developing the design plan with secondary lines defining beds, paths and other features. How do folks move through the garden rooms? o Paths direct people around a garden and are an effective way to deal with soil compaction from foot traffic. o Paths also eliminate self discovery of the garden. o A threshold or peak-hole is also an invitation to enter and explore. 411-19 20.
Step 4. Develop Plant Consideration List Based on Hydrozones Create a Potential Plant List for Each Hydrozone Why a potential list? Plant materials need to be identified by hydrozone so they can grouped by water need. Flexibility in the design process at this point in time allow for exciting new plants, not previous on the list, that one finds at the nursery. Flexibility may also be needed when the desired plants are not available or are in poor quality. Information sources on plant water needs include the following: o CSU Extension Fact Sheets and CMG GardenNotes o Xeriscape Plant Guide by Denver Water, Fulcrum Publishing o X-rated plant lists at www.gardencentersofcolorado.org Water Wise Landscaping in Colorado’s Semi-Arid Climate • On sites where landscape irrigation is not desirable or possible, focus on natural growth. • Xeriscaping is not a rock pile. A Phoenix style of landscaping is rather environmentally unfriendly, creating heat sinks and limiting carbon dioxide conversion into oxygen. This style of landscape feeds global warming! [Figure 31] Figure 31. Xeriscaping does not need to be this Phoenix style rock pile. Being a heat sink and lacking plants for carbon dioxide conversion, this landscape style is rather environmentally unfriendly • Even xeric plants need rain and/or irrigation during establishment. • Gardens with limited to no irrigation will thrive in years with heavy rainfall and decline in dry years. • Water wise concepts support irrigation for “people space”. 411-20 21.
Step 5. Fit Elements into the Design Based on the Design Principles of Line, Color,Texture, Form, Unity, Scale, Balance, Simplicity, Variety, Emphasis and Sequence. With the primary lines on the page, defining outdoor rooms, it is now time to decorate the rooms with various plants and hardscape features. This discussion on landscape design continues in CMG GardenNotes #412, Principles of Landscape Design.Additional Information – CMG GardenNotes on Water Wise Landscape Design #410 References and Review Questions: Water Wise Landscape Design #411 Water Wise Landscape Design #412 Water Wise Landscape Design: Selecting Turf Options #413 Water Wise Landscape Design: Principles of Landscape Design #414 Worksheet: Water Wise Landscape Design #415 Homework: Water Wise Landscape DesignAuthors: David Whiting, Extension Consumer Horticulture Specialist, Dept. of Horticulture and LA, Colorado StateUniversity; and Jeffry de Jong, Horticulturist, Abkhazi Gardens, Victoria, BC, Canada. Artwork by David Whiting.o Colorado Master Gardener GardenNotes are available online at www.cmg.colostate.edu.o Colorado Master Gardener training is made possible, in part, by a grant from the Colorado Garden Show, Inc.o Colorado State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture and Colorado counties cooperating.o CSU Extension programs are available to all without discrimination.o No endorsement of products mentioned is intended nor is criticism implied of products not mentioned.o Copyright 2007-2012. David E Whiting. All Rights Reserved.Revised August 2012 411-21 English