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Patent US7708766 - Distraction screw - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA simple, safe implantable bone screw, and a method for distracting two bone segments, is provided. In general, the bone screw includes a shank having a threaded proximal portion and a distal portion with a major diameter that is less than a minor diameter of the threaded proximal portion. A transitional...http://www.google.com/patents/US7708766?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7708766 - Distraction screwAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7708766 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/638,821Publication dateMay 4, 2010Filing dateAug 11, 2003Priority dateAug 11, 2003Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2535342A1, CA2535342C, EP1653871A2, EP1653871A4, US20050038438, WO2005018684A2, WO2005018684A3Publication number10638821, 638821, US 7708766 B2, US 7708766B2, US-B2-7708766, US7708766 B2, US7708766B2InventorsDavid Greg Anderson, Conor McCrea, Christopher RamsayOriginal AssigneeDepuy Spine, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (80), Referenced by (1), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDistraction screwUS 7708766 B2Abstract A simple, safe implantable bone screw, and a method for distracting two bone segments, is provided. In general, the bone screw includes a shank having a threaded proximal portion and a distal portion with a major diameter that is less than a minor diameter of the threaded proximal portion. A transitional region of decreasing diameter can be disposed between the threaded proximal portion and the distal portion, and a driver receiving element is preferably disposed on a proximal end of the bone screw. In use, the proximal and distal portions of the bone screw are adapted to engage two segments of bone, and to create a distraction force between the two segments of bone.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS408531 *Apr 6, 1889Aug 6, 1889 IslandUS2382019May 2, 1944Aug 14, 1945Miller Edwin AugustCompound screwUS2801631 *Aug 18, 1954Aug 6, 1957John CharnleyFracture screw adjusting meansUS3174387Jun 4, 1962Mar 23, 1965Artur FischerExpansion boltUS3233500 *Oct 23, 1962Feb 8, 1966American Fastener CorpScrew with main shank threads of a given pitch merging with threads of unlike pitch on a tapered bottom end of the screw shankUS3717067 *Jan 7, 1971Feb 20, 1973Us AgricultureUnderlayment fastening deviceUS3896504Oct 15, 1973Jul 29, 1975Fischer ArturHip joint prosthesisUS4013071 *Nov 11, 1975Mar 22, 1977Lior RosenbergFasteners particularly useful as orthopedic screwsUS4027573 *Jun 20, 1975Jun 7, 1977Interior Fasteners, Inc.Self-tapping screw fastener with improved thread constructionUS4059102 *Sep 30, 1976Nov 22, 1977National Research Development CorporationBone securing devicesUS4175555Feb 22, 1978Nov 27, 1979Interfix LimitedBone screwUS4621963 *Mar 26, 1984Nov 11, 1986Elco Industries, Inc.Fastener for roof assemblies and the likeUS4716893Dec 23, 1985Jan 5, 1988Artur FischerBone fastenerUS4917704Jun 8, 1988Apr 17, 1990Sulzer Brothers LimitedIntervertebral prosthesisUS4938773 *Jan 18, 1989Jul 3, 1990Strand John AHip joint prosthesisUS4950270 *Feb 3, 1989Aug 21, 1990Boehringer Mannheim CorporationCannulated self-tapping bone screwUS4955908Jun 8, 1988Sep 11, 1990Sulzer Brothers LimitedMetallic intervertebral prosthesisUS5019079Nov 20, 1989May 28, 1991Zimmer, Inc.Bone screwUS5034011Aug 9, 1990Jul 23, 1991Advanced Spine Fixation Systems IncorporatedSegmental instrumentation of the posterior spineUS5059193Apr 19, 1990Oct 22, 1991Spine-Tech, Inc.Expandable spinal implant and surgical methodUS5108404Aug 15, 1990Apr 28, 1992Arie ScholtenSurgical protocol for fixation of bone using inflatable deviceUS5122133Oct 26, 1990Jun 16, 1992Smith & Nephew Richards Inc.Compression screw for a joint endoprosthesisUS5176678Mar 14, 1991Jan 5, 1993Tsou Paul MOrthopaedic device with angularly adjustable anchor attachments to the vertebraeUS5222954 *Jun 21, 1991Jun 29, 1993Artifex, Ltd.Spinal implant system and method for installing the implantUS5258031Dec 14, 1992Nov 2, 1993Danek MedicalIntervertebral disk arthroplastyUS5263803May 7, 1993Nov 23, 1993Emhart Inc.Anchor boltUS5403136 *Jun 24, 1992Apr 4, 1995Synthes (U.S.A.)Threaded fastener especially for orthopaedic purposesUS5425772Sep 20, 1993Jun 20, 1995Brantigan; John W.Prosthetic implant for intervertebral spinal fusionUS5480440Jul 7, 1993Jan 2, 1996Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc.Open surgical technique for vertebral fixation with subcutaneous fixators positioned between the skin and the lumbar fascia of a patientUS5489210 *May 13, 1994Feb 6, 1996Hanosh; Frederick N.Expanding dental implant and method for its useUS5496322Jul 22, 1994Mar 5, 1996Danek Medical Inc.Method for subcutaneous suprafascial pedicular internal fixationUS5536127 *Feb 22, 1995Jul 16, 1996Pennig; DietmarHeaded screw construction for use in fixing the position of an intramedullary nailUS5580352 *Jun 6, 1991Dec 3, 1996Sekel; RonaldDistal shaft with fast and slow screw threadsUS5593410 *Mar 2, 1993Jan 14, 1997Vrespa; GiuseppeScrew device for fixing prostheses to bonesUS5653762Jun 7, 1995Aug 5, 1997Pisharodi; MadhavanMethod of stabilizing adjacent vertebrae with rotating, lockable, middle-expanded intervertebral disk stabilizerUS5653763Mar 29, 1996Aug 5, 1997Fastenetix, L.L.C.Intervertebral space shape conforming cage deviceUS5702479 *Feb 18, 1994Dec 30, 1997Schawalder; PeterShaft component for a joint endoprosthesisUS5722977Jan 24, 1996Mar 3, 1998Danek Medical, Inc.Method and means for anterior lumbar exact cut with quadrilateral osteotome and precision guide/spacerUS5725527Mar 27, 1996Mar 10, 1998Biedermann Motech GmbhAnchoring memberUS5725595 *Feb 20, 1996Mar 10, 1998Orthopaedic Innovations, Inc.Cannulated cementless hip stem prosthesisUS5766251Nov 15, 1996Jun 16, 1998Tomihisa KoshinoWedge-shaped spacer for correction of deformed extremitiesUS5772663Mar 17, 1997Jun 30, 1998Whiteside; Leo A.Surgical device for banding bone with cableUS5827285Dec 12, 1996Oct 27, 1998Bramlet; Dale G.Multipiece interfragmentary fixation assemblyUS5836948Jan 2, 1997Nov 17, 1998Saint Francis Medical Technologies, LlcSpine distraction implant and methodUS5899940Jan 26, 1998May 4, 1999Carchidi; Joseph EdwardMaxillofacial anchoring system for alveolar and small bone skeletal distractionUS5964761Jul 15, 1997Oct 12, 1999Kambin; ParvizMethod and instruments for percutaneous arthroscopic disc removal, bone biopsy and fixation of vertebraeUS5971985 *Sep 12, 1997Oct 26, 1999Ace Surgical Supply Co., Inc.Bone attachment device for use with tissue grafts and membranesUS5997541 *Nov 17, 1998Dec 7, 1999Synthes (U.S.A)Threaded washerUS6001101 *Jan 13, 1997Dec 14, 1999Depuy FranceScrew device with threaded head for permitting the coaptation of two bone fragmentsUS6008433Apr 23, 1998Dec 28, 1999Stone; Kevin R.Osteotomy wedge device, kit and methods for realignment of a varus angulated kneeUS6018094Sep 30, 1997Jan 25, 2000Biomedical Enterprises, Inc.Implant and insert assembly for bone and uses thereofUS6030162 *Dec 18, 1998Feb 29, 2000Acumed, Inc.Axial tension screwUS6053653Mar 11, 1998Apr 25, 2000Sannohashi CorporationFastening method, fastening system and bolt used thereforUS6077268Apr 29, 1999Jun 20, 2000Sdgi Holdings, Inc.Variable angle surgical cable crimp assembly and methodUS6099531Aug 20, 1998Aug 8, 2000Bonutti; Peter M.Changing relationship between bonesUS6125526 *May 12, 1999Oct 3, 2000Robert Bosch CorporationMethod of fastening a first member to a second memberUS6129763Sep 12, 1997Oct 10, 2000Chauvin; Jean-LucExpandable osteosynthesis cageUS6224599Mar 2, 2000May 1, 2001Matthew G. BaynhamViewable wedge distractor deviceUS6248106Feb 25, 2000Jun 19, 2001Bret FerreeCross-coupled vertebral stabilizersUS6270501Nov 8, 1999Aug 7, 2001The Regents Of The University Of MichiganSurgical method and apparatus and cannulated scalpel for use thereinUS6280191Sep 3, 1999Aug 28, 2001Christopher B. GordonDistractor suitable for permanent implantation into boneUS6306140 *Jan 17, 2001Oct 23, 2001Synthes (Usa)Bone screwUS6306143Jan 19, 1999Oct 23, 2001Nobel Biocere AbDistraction osteogenesis fixtureUS6358254Sep 11, 2000Mar 19, 2002D. Greg AndersonMethod and implant for expanding a spinal canalUS6402750Apr 4, 2000Jun 11, 2002Spinlabs, LlcDevices and methods for the treatment of spinal disordersUS6428256Mar 14, 2001Aug 6, 2002Hilti AktiengesellschaftAttachment element for an anchor rodUS6696073 *Aug 27, 2002Feb 24, 2004Osteotech, Inc.Shaped load-bearing osteoimplant and methods of making sameUS6743231Oct 2, 2000Jun 1, 2004Sulzer Spine-Tech Inc.Temporary spinal fixation apparatuses and methodsUS6746449Sep 12, 2001Jun 8, 2004Spinal Concepts, Inc.Spinal rod translation instrumentUS20020049447Aug 23, 2001Apr 25, 2002Li Medical Technologies, Inc.Expandable surgical fastener and methodUS20030004517Mar 19, 2002Jan 2, 2003Anderson D. GregPercutaneous technique and implant for expanding the spinal canalUS20030028251Jul 30, 2001Feb 6, 2003Mathews Hallett H.Methods and devices for interbody spinal stabilizationUS20030055433Aug 29, 2002Mar 20, 2003Christian KrenkelEndo-distractorUS20030212400 *Mar 11, 2003Nov 13, 2003Aesculap Ag & Co. KgMethods for treating spinal stenosis by pedicle distractionAU516581B2 Title not availableDE20216048U1Oct 14, 2002Jan 23, 2003Gerke HeinrichCutting head screw is formed by conical section and threaded section, whereby surface of conical section has means to cut out material and length of conical section is approximately a third to a half the overall length of screwWO2000038586A1 *Dec 22, 1999Jul 6, 2000Nenad SesicAxial intramedullary screw for the osteosynthesis of long bonesWO2002021994A2Aug 29, 2001Mar 21, 2002D Greg AndersonMethod and implant for expanding spinal canalWO2003002038A1Jun 28, 2002Jan 9, 2003Portland Orthopaedics Pty LtdUniversal prosthesisWO2003032863A2Oct 15, 2002Apr 24, 2003Gary J ReedOrthopedic stabilization device and method* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS20110270312 *Jul 13, 2011Nov 3, 2011Trans1 Inc.Spinal implant* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification606/301, 606/105International ClassificationA61B17/70, A61B17/00, A61B17/86Cooperative ClassificationA61B17/7071, A61B2017/00004, A61B17/8635, A61B17/863European ClassificationA61B17/86B2, A61B17/70QLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 9, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 11, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: DEPUY ACROMED, INC., MASSACHUSETTSFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ANDERSON, DAVID GREG;MCCREA, CONOR;RAMSAY, CHRISTOPHER;REEL/FRAME:014396/0278;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030731 TO 20030806Owner name: DEPUY ACROMED, INC.,MASSACHUSETTSFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ANDERSON, DAVID GREG;MCCREA, CONOR;RAMSAY, CHRISTOPHER;SIGNED BETWEEN 20030731 AND 20030806;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100504;REEL/FRAME:14396/278Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ANDERSON, DAVID GREG;MCCREA, CONOR;RAMSAY, CHRISTOPHER;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030731 TO 20030806;REEL/FRAME:014396/0278RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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Narcotic Medication Strategies
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential – Do not disclose or distribute.Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential – Do not disclose or distribute.JUNE 12-13, 2013 2.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential – Do not disclose or distribute.Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential – Do not disclose or distribute.Narcotic MedicationStrategiesTeresa Bartlett, MDSenior Vice PresidentMedical Quality 3.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 3Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 3Objectives• Provide background information regarding opioids• Provide education• Provide tools to assist in the assessment of cases• Screening tools• Opioid Agreement• Timing of follow up• Board of pharmacy reporting• Assessment considerations• Drug Screening guidance• Calculations of Morphine dosages 4.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 4Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 4Education• First step toward Prescription Drug optimization• Addresses:• Overuse• Underuse• Misuse• Drug to drug interactions• Medication reconciliation process• Overall health safety concerns• lab studies 5.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 5Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 5Statistics• Every hour in the USA one baby is born suffering from in opioid withdrawal(NIDA)• 40% increase in employees testing positive for prescription narcotics from2005-2009 (Quest)• A November 18, 2010 report post-accident drug tests are four-times morelikely to find narcotics than pre-employment drug tests (Quest)• Vicodin is the most frequently found narcotic prescription drugabused (Quest) 6.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 6Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 6Background: How did we get here•From the American Pain Society Website:• In late 2000, Congress passed into law aprovision, which the President signed, thatdeclared the ten-year period that beganJanuary 1, 2001, as the:• Decade of Pain Control and Research• The American Pain Society has activelysupported the Decade of Pain Control andResearch and it has been a focal point for thedevelopment of numerous programs to advanceawareness and treatment of pain and fundingfor research 7.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 7Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 7Narcotic Utilization•Fatal overdoses involvingprescribed opioids tripled inthe United States between1999 and 2006•A recent government studydetermined that opioid poisoning wasthe leading cause of death for peopleaged 35-54• This rate was higherthan motor vehicle orfirearm related deathsfor that age group• Since 1990, the medical use of opioids has increase by a factor of 10• According to the CDC, enough opioids were prescribed last year tomedicate every American adult with a standard pain treatmentdose of hydrocodone every 4 hours for a month 8.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 8Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 8Narcotic Medication Management• National Issue• Creates issues for• patients• physicians• employers• * The # 1 prescribed drug in the USA in 2012 was Hydrocodonewith acetaminophen (Vicodin)http://healthland.time.com 9.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 9Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 9Prescription Drug Diversion as a National Issue 10.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 10Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 10Unintended Result• Across the country, there is anincrease in the number of ER visitsdue to non-medical use ofnarcotics• Up to 89% of abused prescriptiondrugs are diverted from legallywritten prescriptionsProblem isn’t just with narcoticprescribing,buthowtheyareusedonceinthehandsofthepublic 11.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 11Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 11Biochemical Physiology of Narcotic UseThe way the brain reacts facilitates the process ofaddiction/abuse:• Endorphins are naturally occurring chemicals thatwork on the nervous system to reduce pain• The endorphins can act on certain parts of the brain toproduce euphoria or a natural “high”• Addiction shuts the endorphin system down• This leads to hyperalgia (increased pain perception)and hypersensitivity• The abuser then seeks higher doses or stronger drugs 12.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 12Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 12Opioid Guideline for Chronic Pain• Use opioid only after other pain relief therapies have been exhausted• Before prescribing a risk assessment screening should be conducted• Opioids should be started at the lowest possible dose• If a patients dosage has increased to 120mg MED without substantialimprovement in function or pain relief a chronic pain specialist should beconsulted• Long acting or controlled release opioids should not be used for acute pain• Fentanyl patches, OxyContin and Methadone are examples 13.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 13Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 13Opioid Contract 14.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 14Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 14Importance of Communication Skills• Medical Literacy• Risks• Self Care• Lifestyle choicesPatientEducation• Better Results• Transfer of specificknowledgeConsultingPhysicianEducationBetterOutcomes 15.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 15Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 15Follow up Care• Failure to progress or demonstrate functional progress or anysigns of compliance should lead to prompt discontinuance ofmedication• Dosage may need to be increased to maximize therapeutic valuenot to exceed 120mg Morphine/day• Random Urine Drug Screen• Weaning should involve a mental health professional whospecializes in addiction• PT, exercise and other medications such as NSAIDS areimportant in this process 16.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 16Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 16Morphine 120mg/day is the MAXIMUM• An electronic dose calculator can be found and downloaded• http://agencymeddirectors.wa.gov/mobile.htmlMORPHINE (reference) 30 mgCodeine 200 mgFentanyl Transdermal 12.5mcg/hrHydrocodone (Vicodin) 30 mgHydromorphone 7.5mgOxycodone 20mgOxymorphone 10mgMethadone** 4mgj BE CAUTIOUSCOMPLICATED 17.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 17Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 17Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Warning• Causes liver toxicity• Many narcotics are combined with acetaminophen so you must also watchfor maximum dosing• Short-term use (<10 days) – 4000 mg/day• Long-term use – 2500mg/day 18.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 18Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 18Opioid Risk Tool ORTDate ______Patient NameOPIOID RISK TOOLMark eachbox that appliesItem ScoreIf FemaleItem ScoreIf Male1. Family History of Substance Abuse Alcohol [ ] 1 3Illegal Drugs [ ] 2 3Prescription Drugs [ ] 4 42. Personal History of Substance Abuse Alcohol [ ] 3 3Illegal Drugs [ ] 4 4Prescription Drugs [ ] 5 53. Age (Mark box if 16 – 45) [ ] 1 14. History of Preadolescent Sexual Abuse [ ] 3 05. Psychological Disease Attention DeficitDisorder [ ] 2 2Obsessive CompulsiveDisorderBipolarSchizophreniaDepression [ ] 1 1TOTAL [ ]Total Score Risk Category Low Risk 0 – 3 Moderate Risk 4 – 7 High Risk > 8 19.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 19Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 19Urine Drug Testing• Purpose• Identify aberrant behavior• Undisclosed drug use and/or abuse• Verify compliance with treatment• Frequency• Based on risk assessment for drug abuse• Low risk once/year• Moderate risk twice/year• High risk three to four times/year• Unusual or suspicious behavior = at time of visit• Losing prescription• Requesting early refills• Multiple prescribers• Demonstrating intoxication• Slurred, slow speech 20.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 20Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 20Urine Drug Testing Result InterpretationThe following UDT results should be viewed as a “red flag”requiring confirmation and intervention:• Negative for opioid(s) prescribed• Positive for drug (benzodiazepines, opioids, etc) NOT prescribed• Positive for amphetamine or methamphetamine• Positive for alcohol• Positive for cocaine or metabolitesIf a confirmatory drug test (MRO) substantiates a “red flag” result AND is:• Positive for prescribed opioid(s)• a controlled taper and a referral to an addiction specialist or drug treatmentprogram should be considered• Negative for prescribed opioid(s)• The physician should stop prescribing opioid(s) and consider a referral to anaddiction specialist or drug treatment program 21.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 21Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 21Assessment of Function• Overall Pain Management• How well is the pain being managed?• Pain rating when asked to consider the past month• Should indicate pain is overall better and able to function at a higherlevel• Function• Daily activities should be listed• Even in WC activities that are healthy should be encouraged 22.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 22Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 22 23.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 23Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 23Suggested Weaning Process• Reduce Morphine mg by 10 to 20% each week• Add Clonopine to help with withdrawal symptoms• Addiction or Pain Management Specialist should be consulted• May require short inpatient stay to assist with initial phase• May require drug rehab program (inpatient and outpatient) 24.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 24Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 24The Role of Claim Managers• Help the physician stay on track• Ask for the Risk assessment (ORT) and provide tool if necessary• Make sure other therapies are tried first• That first RX for opioids should be small doses and improvementsshould be documented in function and pain• Request follow up assessment of patient to see if medication is working(allergic reaction) Does not have to be office visit• Set next appointment with treating physician for 10 to 14 days for nextassessment• Provide an Opioid agreement to any physician prescribing these drugs(ACOEM or State of Washington)• Ask for copies of screening, opioid agreement, drug test results andOARRS report 25.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 25Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 25 26.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 26Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 26OHIO Automated RX Reporting System (OARRS)• Established in 2006• Tool to assist healthcare professionals in providing better treatment forpatients with medical needs• Quickly identifies drug seeking behaviors.• Prescription History Report can assure a patient is getting the appropriatedrug therapy and is taking their medication as prescribedWho can run this history report?• Prescribers (or delegates)• Pharmacists• Officers of law enforcement agencies whose primary mission involvesenforcing prescription drug laws• All must register for an OARRS account 27.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 27Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 27Providers Required to Check OARRS When:Have a drug screen result that is inconsistent withthe treatment plan or refusal to participate in adrug screenForging or altering a prescriptionStealing or borrowing reported drugsArrest, conviction or received diversion, orintervention in lieu of conviction for a drug relatedoffense while under the physicians careIncreasing the dosage of reported drugs inamounts that exceed prescribed amountSelling prescription drugsReceiving reported drugs from multiple prescribers,without clinical basisHave a family member, friend, law enforcementofficer, or health care professional express concernrelated to the patients use of illegal or reporteddrugs 28.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 28Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 28Potential Claim or Clinical Actions• Focus on quality health care and patient safety issues• Use Clinical Resources when needed:• Customized letters to physicians• Request drug screen• Ask physician for contract• Ask Physician to run OARRS Report• Identify red flags• Physician Peer outreach• Independent Medical Exam• Seek a weaning process from the treating physician• Potential point of sale blocks• GOAL: Improve management of the injured workers’medication regime and lower overall claim costs 29.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 29Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 29Role of Pharmacy Benefit Management• Identify adverse trends• Provide point of sale alerts• Customize according to need• Define historic use and potential abuse• Injury specific formulary• Formulary different for acute and chronic phase 30.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 30Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential– Do not disclose or distribute. 30Success Stories• Sometimes well intended, high quality physicians fall prey to drug seeking patients– Got narcotic pain RX– Called doctor and indicated they realized they had a negative reaction in thepast asked for different RX• Injured worker who did not want narcotics after learning they may cause erectiledysfunction• Injured worker who did not want to risk the side effect of the medications whennurse explained the medication 31.
Sedgwick © 2013 Confidential – Do not disclose or distribute.Sedgwick © 2011 Confidential – Do not disclose or distribute.MAKE A DIFFERENCE!Questions and Discussion Recommended
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osx - Determining a DVD drive's region code in OS X in C WITHOUT requiring that a DVD be in the drive - Stack Overflow
1 Basically I run a network of computers and need to know what region code the drives of the various computers are set to. I don't need to change the region, but I have no idea how to determine the region without going to each computer individually and sticking in a disc. I tried using Apple's cocoa DVD playback framework, but that requires that a disk be inserted into the drive, which sort of defeats the purpose.
So are there any APIs that I can use to determine the region code on a Mac Pro's DVD drive without requiring that a disc be inserted? I am willing to code in pretty much any language.
osx dvd share|improve this question asked Dec 1 '11 at 14:17
I found some utilities that are capable of dealing with DVD region settings on OS X: DVD Info X, and Region X. DVD Info X will display the region code of your drive without requiring to have a DVD inserted.
Region X is more interesting because although it doesn't directly serve your purpose, its source is available. Looking at it I found that the ScanAll method in Region X.m is what you need. More specifically, the interesting case is the one where the disk name isn't found (because there's no disk mounted) and a SCSI command is used to find out the DVD drive's properties (the printf calls are my addition):
task = (*scsitaskinterface)->CreateSCSITask(scsitaskinterface);
cdb[0] = 0xa4;
cdb[1] = 0x00;
cdb[2] = 0x00;
cdb[3] = 0x00;
cdb[4] = 0x00;
cdb[5] = 0x00;
cdb[6] = 0x00;
cdb[7] = 0x00;
cdb[8] = (sizeof(DVDInfo) >> 8) & 0xff;
cdb[9] = sizeof(DVDInfo) & 0xff;
cdb[10] = 0x08;
cdb[11] = 0x00;
memset(&DVDInfo, 0, sizeof(DVDInfo));
ProcessCDB(task, cdb, 12, DirIn, &DVDInfo, sizeof(DVDInfo), 30000);
printf("drive region %#hhx\n", DVDInfo.driveRegion);
printf("number of region changes left: %hhu\n", DVDInfo.numberUserResets);
if (DVDInfo.rpcScheme == 0) RPC1++;
if (DVDInfo.rpcScheme != 0) RPC2++;
(*task)->Release(task);
I ran this on my Macbook Pro and the result was as expected.
Obviously you'll need to massage it in order to isolate that part into something you can use, but I think that this code will be a useful starting point.
Thanks, that worked! Also you can translate the hex into something readable by using the DVDRegionCode enumeration(in the cocoa dvd playback framework)
I don't have an answer as such, but I have 2 links for you:
Code (for windows, not for Mac) that explains how to read the region:
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/system/mydvdregion.aspx
Since these are pure SCSI commands - it is probably possible to adapt it for Mac.
ftp://ftp.san.ru/unix/soft.cvs/wine.git/wine-git/dlls/ntdll/cdrom.c
There is Mac support there - and they read DVD region there too.

value: This website is a question and answer website for professional and enthusiast programmers. It is the flagship site of the Stack Exchange Network, created in 2008 by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky.


text:
A case for compulsory voting - The Washington Post
A voter looks over a ballot before stepping into a voting booth at a polling site inside P.S. 33 Chelsea Prep school, Tuesday, Nov. 4, 2014, in New York. (Julie Jacobson/AP)
By Ruth Marcus Deputy editorial page editor, columnist November 4, 2014 Email the author Follow @RuthMarcus
Perhaps so, although the Australian experience does not support this belief. A 2006 analysis by the Australian Electoral Commission concluded that, “on balance, there is no empirical evidence that a move to voluntary voting would advantage one major party over another.” In practice, control has ping-ponged regularly between conservatives and liberals.
A national change to compulsory voting is unthinkable, especially in a system that largely leaves voting procedures up to states. So why not, as the Brookings Institution’s William Galston has suggested, have a half-dozen or so states conduct an experiment with compulsory voting? The country has far more to fear from too few voters than from too many.
E.J. Dionne Jr.: Restoring hope
The Post’s View: Keeping some people from the ballot box

value: This website is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most-widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area, and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia.


text:
Patent US5968375 - Method for welding and apparatus therefor - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention relates to a method for welding comprising the steps of: contacting a plurality of workpieces to be welded having different heat capacities so as to form a boundary portion therebetween; placing a welding electrode in proximity to the boundary portion; generating an arc discharge...http://www.google.com/patents/US5968375?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5968375 - Method for welding and apparatus thereforAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5968375 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/990,763Publication dateOct 19, 1999Filing dateDec 15, 1997Priority dateDec 27, 1996Fee statusPaidPublication number08990763, 990763, US 5968375 A, US 5968375A, US-A-5968375, US5968375 A, US5968375AInventorsEiji YonedaOriginal AssigneeMitsubishi Nuclear Fuel Co.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (8), Referenced by (7), Classifications (12), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod for welding and apparatus therefor
US 5968375 AAbstract
The present invention relates to a method for welding comprising the steps of: contacting a plurality of workpieces to be welded having different heat capacities so as to form a boundary portion therebetween; placing a welding electrode in proximity to the boundary portion; generating an arc discharge between the welding electrode and the boundary portion; and supplying gas to the boundary portion, wherein more gas being supplied to one of the workpieces having a lower heat capacity than another workpiece having a higher heat capacity.
1. A method for tungsten inert gas welding, comprising the steps of:positioning the tip of a welding electrode on a line extending directly above a portion to be welded of a first and a second workpiece, said first workpiece having a higher heat capacity than the heat capacity of said second workpiece; generating an arc discharge between said welding electrode and the portion to be welded; and discharging more shield gas to said second workpiece than to said first workpiece at the portion to be welded from a shield gas nozzle having an asymmetrical nozzle opening. 2. The method for welding according to claim 1, further comprising the step of rotating said workpieces during welding.
3. A tungsten inert gas welding apparatus, in which a shield gas is discharged around a welding electrode of a welder and discharged to a first and a second workpiece and an arc is generated between said welding electrode and said first and said second workpiece to be welded to perform welding, said first workpiece having a higher heat capacity than the heat capacity of said second workpiece, whereina shield gas nozzle has an asymmetrical nozzle opening for discharging more shield gas to said second workpiece than to said first workpiece at a portion to be welded, when the tip of said welding electrode is positioned on a line extending directly above the portion to be welded of said first and said second workpiece. 4. The welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the circumference of said opening is partially bent toward said welding electrode so as to dispose said opening of said gas nozzle off-center with respect to the tip of said welding electrode.
5. The welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a baffle is disposed at said opening so as to dispose said opening of said gas nozzle off-center with respect to the tip of said welding electrode.
6. The welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said welding electrode is bent so as to dispose said opening of said gas nozzle off-center with respect to the tip of said welding electrode.
7. The welding apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising means for rotating said workpieces while welding.
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for welding workpieces having different heat capacities, for example, a cladding tube and a plug of a fuel rod used in a nuclear reactor, in tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process.
Referring to FIG. 10 showing a fuel rod, fuel pellets 2 are inserted into a cladding tube 1 made of zircaloy. A spring 4 is also inserted in a plenum 3 inside the cladding tube 1. The plugs 5 and 6 are welded at both ends of the cladding tube 1, so that the fuel pellets 2 are urged to the plug 5.
The plugs 5 and 6 are welded to the cladding tube 1 of the fuel rod in a TIG welding process, which is carried out with a welding apparatus A as shown in FIG. 11.
In the TIG welding process, the plugs 5 and 6 are fitted into the both ends of the cladding tube 4 which includes the fuel pellets 2 and the spring 4. The cladding tube 4 is passed through a rotation holding means 7, and one end of the cladding tube 4 is further inserted through a hole 9 into a welding chamber 8 until the plug 5 or 6 comes into contact with a hollow 11 of a stopper 10, which is rotatably mounted to the opposing wall of the welding chamber 8.
The portion (surface) S where the cladding tube 1 and the plug 5 (or 6) mutually contact is welded with a welding apparatus 12 inserted from the upper side of the welding chamber 8, while the cladding tube 1 is being rotated by the rotation holding means 7.
Referring to FIG. 12, the welding apparatus 12 includes a welding electrode 14 disposed at the center of an opening of a gas nozzle 13. In use, the tip of the welding electrode 14 and the center of the gas nozzle 13 are placed adjacent to the contact portion (boundary portion) S. A current is passed between the welding electrode 14 and the contact portion S to form an arc discharge, which melts and welds the contact portion S. During the process, shield gas (inert gas) is introduced from the gas nozzle 13 and flows as illustrated with arrows in FIG. 11, preventing oxidation of the contact portion S.
In welding as described above, however, the cladding tube 1 which is one of the workpieces at the contact portion S, is cylindrical and hollow, while the plugs 5 and 6 are solid. The plugs 5 and 6 have therefore greater heat capacities, and there is a difference in temperature between the workpieces. The melting quantities differ between the cladding tube 1 and the plugs 5 and 6 at the contact portion S, and this leads to shift of the welding bead to the side of the cladding tube 1. The welding result is therefore unsatisfactory.
To avoid this, the arc is directed, in general, particularly toward the workpiece with the higher heat capacity. However, the arc spreads to the side of the workpiece with the lower heat capacity which is apt to be heated, resulting in inferior quality. Also, there is a problem in that an undercut U, as shown in FIG. 12, may occur on the cladding tube 1 with the low heat capacity.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for welding which achieves a satisfactory and easy welding process for workpieces having different heat capacities by providing a uniformly melted pool.
In order to accomplish the above object, a method for welding comprising the steps of:
contacting a plurality of workpieces to be welded having different heat capacities so as to form a boundary portion therebetween;
placing a welding electrode in proximity to the boundary portion;
generating an arc discharge between the welding electrode and the boundary portion; and
supplying gas to the boundary portion, wherein more gas being supplied to one of the workpieces having a lower heat capacity than another workpiece having a higher heat capacity.
According to the present invention, the amount of flow of the gas is greater on the workpiece with a lower heat capacity than the workpiece with the higher heat capacity; that is, the shield gas is directed to one side of the welding electrode. This increases the heat input into the workpiece with the higher heat capacity, evenly melting the workpieces at the boundary portion to provide a uniformly melted pool, and forms a welding bead at the boundary portion so that the resulting workpieces have a even surface and sufficient strength. Thus, the welding result is satisfactory when workpieces with different heat capacities are welded.
In another aspect of the present invention, the tip of the welding electrode may be disposed off-center of the opening of the gas nozzle, for example, by bending the circumference of the opening, mounting a baffle to the opening, or bending the welding electrode. The tip of the welding electrode may be disposed at the boundary portion or toward the side of the workpiece with the higher heat capacity, so long as more gas is supplied to the workpiece with the lower heat capacity. A second gas nozzle may also be used in order to direct the arc discharge. In the welding process, tubular workpieces to be welded are preferably being rotated.
A welding apparatus according to the present invention comprising:
a welding electrode for generating an arc discharge between the welding electrode and a workpiece; and
a gas nozzle for discharging gas around the welding electrode;
wherein the gas nozzle surrounds the welding electrode, and an opening of the gas nozzle being disposed off-center with respect to a tip of the welding electrode.
Besides the effect described above, the welding apparatus is constructed simply, reduces costs and improves welding quality and yield rate. Furthermore, contraction of a portion having high thermal expansion can be avoided.
FIG. 1 is a detailed cross section of a welding apparatus in a process of a first embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view as seen in the direction of a bent portion of the welding apparatus of the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is another side view as seen from the direction 90° with respect to the direction in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the tip of the welding apparatus of the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a detailed vertical cross section showing modification of the welding apparatus of the first embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the tip of the welding apparatus of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a detailed cross section of a welding apparatus in a process of a second embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the tip of the welding apparatus of the second embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a detailed cross section of a welding apparatus in a process of a third embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross section of a conventional fuel rod.
FIG. 11 is a vertical cross section of a conventional welding apparatus.
FIG. 12 is a detailed vertical cross section of a welding apparatus of the prior art.
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, the best mode of the welding apparatus, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, will be explained.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a welding apparatus 20 includes a gas nozzle 21 for introducing shield gas (inert gas) such as argon gas or helium gas, the gas nozzle 21 being mounted to a collet body 22. A linear welding electrode 23 is also secured to the collet body 22 at the center of the gas nozzle 21.
The gas nozzle 21 is formed so as to be hollow and tapers off to a tip 21a having an opening 21b. The tip 21a is partially bent toward the welding electrode 23, forming a bent portion 24. According to FIG. 1, showing a vertical cross section, the bent portion 24 is formed so that there is a gap 25a between the welding electrode 23 and the bent portion 24. The gap 25a is narrower than a gap 25b in another side between the welding electrode 23 and tip 21a.
FIG. 2 shows the side view of the bent portion 24, which forms the opening 21b so that the lower end of the bent portion 24 is arranged above the tip 21a. In FIG. 3, showing another side view, the one side of the tip 21a is inclined. In FIG. 4 showing the tip opening 21b, the welding electrode 23 is disposed at the center of the gas nozzle 21, whereas the opening 21b of the gas nozzle 21 is disposed toward the sidewall opposing the bent portion 24. That is, the tip of the welding electrode 23 is disposed off-center of the opening 21a of the gas nozzle 21.
Next, a method for tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, with the welding apparatus 20 formed as in FIG. 1, will be explained.
For example, in the process for welding a portion S where the cladding tube 1 with the low heat capacity and the plug 6 (or 5) with the high heat capacity mutually contact, the welding electrode 23 of the welding apparatus 20 is placed in proximity to the contact portion (boundary portion) S. The bent portion 24 of the tip 21a must be directed to the side of the plug 6 so as to dispose the narrow gap 25a of the opening 21b in the side of the plug 6 and the wide gap 25b in the side of the cladding tube 1.
In this situation, the welding apparatus 20 generates an arc discharge between the welding electrode 23 and the contact portion S, while discharging shield gas around the contact portion S from the gas nozzle 21 and rotating the cladding tube 1 and the plug 6 by the rotation holding means 7 (shown in FIG. 11), and thus the contact portion S is welded. The arc discharge can be generated by connecting the welding electrode 23 to a positive or negative electrode and the workpiece 5 or 6 to the opposite electrode, in which welding a direct or alternating current may be used.
During welding, the density of the shield gas discharged from the gas nozzle 21, forms a bell-shaped distribution so as to have its peak at the point directly under the center of the gas nozzle 21. The welding electrode 23 forms the boundary of two sides, and more shield gas is supplied to the side of the cladding tube 1 of the contact portion S than to another side thereof because the opening 21b of the gas nozzle 21 is disposed off to one side. Due to this distribution of the shield gas, the arc discharge and the contact portion S in the side of the cladding tube 1 with the low heat capacity is more cooled than those in the side of the plug 6 with the high heat capacity. The arc discharge in the side of the cladding tube 1 becomes smaller while the arc discharge in the side of the plug 6 spreads out, directing the arc discharge toward the side of the plug 6.
According to this process, the contact portion S in the both sides of the cladding tube 1 and of the plug 6 melts sufficiently, preventing the difference in temperature between them. The melting reaction is therefore carried out uniformly to produce an uniformly melted pool. Further, a welding bead is formed at the contact portion S, so that the welded portion has sufficient strength and an even surface.
As previously described, according to the embodiment, the opening 21b of the welding apparatus 20 is disposed off-center from the welding electrode 23. The arc discharge is thereby directed to the side of the plug 6 (or 5) with the high heat capacity so as to decrease the melting amount of the cladding tube 1, forming the welding bead at the contact portion S, and the resulting portion has sufficient strength and an even surface. Thus, an undercut is prevented, and the welding quality and the yield rate can be improved. Further, this enhances the reliability, decreases the amount of shield gas required, facilitates easy production and reduces costs.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show modifications of the first embodiment, and reference numerals which are identical to those of the first embodiment, respectively, indicate elements which are identical to those of the first embodiment; therefore, explanation thereof will be omitted.
In the configuration of a welding apparatus 40 in FIGS. 5 and 6, the opening 21c is circular with its center concentric with the welding electrode 23. A baffle 41 having, for example, a semicircular shape, is attached to and half-closes the opening 21c. The baffle 41 is positioned apart from the linear welding electrode 23 concentric with the center of the gas nozzle 21. There is a gap 25a between the baffle 41 and the welding electrode 23, gap 25a being much narrower than gap 25b in another side thereof.
The configuration produces effects similar to those of the first embodiment. Furthermore, it can be easily manufactured, because only the process for attaching the baffle 41 is needed, eliminating deformation of the tip 21a of the welding apparatus 40.
In addition, the shape of the baffle 41 may be modified into various shapes: for example, the inner surface in the gas nozzle 31 or in the baffle 41 tapers toward the tip 21a, thereby allowing the shield gas to flow more smoothly from the opening 21c.
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the second embodiment of the present invention will be explained. FIG. 7 shows the detailed gas nozzle in detail.
In the configuration of a welding apparatus 30 in FIG. 7, a welding electrode 32 is held by a collet body 33 at the center of a cylindrical gas nozzle 31, so that the welding electrode 32 is disposed coaxially with the gas nozzle 31. It should be noted in this embodiment that the tip 32a of the welding electrode 32 is bent aslant and is directed toward the plug 5 (or 6) with the high heat capacity during the welding process.
According to FIG. 8, the tip 32a of the welding electrode 32 forms the boundary of two sides, side 34a and side 34b, and the tip 32a is bent toward the side 34a. The distribution amount (amount of flow) of the shield gas discharged from the opening 31a of the gas nozzle 31, is therefore greater on the side 34b than the opposing side 34a.
In FIG. 7, the horizontal distance m between the tip 32a of the welding electrode 32 and the contact portion S can be adjusted, so as to balance temperature of the cladding tube 1 and of the plug 5 at the contact portion S during the welding process. The distance m is determined in consideration of the thickness of the cladding tube 1, the shape of the plug 5, the preheating condition, etc. The bending amount r of the tip 32a of the welding electrode 32 is limited in consideration of the amount of the shield gas, so as to prevent oxidation at the welded point on the side of the plug 5.
Next, a method for tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding with the welding apparatus 30 described above will be explained. The welding apparatus 30 is placed in proximity to the contact portion S of the cladding tube 1 and the plug 5 so that the bent tip 32a of the welding electrode 32 is disposed toward the side of the plug 5 from the contact portion S horizontally at the distance m. The arc discharge are therefore directed to the side of the plug 5.
In this situation, the contact portion S is welded while the gas nozzle 31 is discharging shield gas and the cladding tube 1 and the plug 5 are being rotated by the rotation holding means 7.
According to the method, the center of the arc discharge is positioned between the tip 32a of the welding electrode 32 and the point on the plug 5 directly under the welding electrode 32. Namely, the arc discharge is directed so that the input heat for welding is greater on the side of the plug 5 than the side of the cladding tube 1. In FIG. 7, the resulting heat is conducted toward the tip of the plug 5 (to the left in FIG. 7) and toward the center of the plug 5 (to the bottom), whereas it is conducted only to the other end of the cladding tube 1 (to the right). This balances the temperature at the contact portion S, preventing the difference in temperature between the cladding tube 1 and the plug 5, and the melting reaction is therefore carried out uniformly. A welding bead is formed at the contact portion S, so that the welded portion has sufficient strength and an even surface.
The density of the shield gas discharged from the gas nozzle 31, forms a bell-shaped distribution so as to have its peak at the point directly under the center of the gas nozzle 31. The density of the gas is less on the side of the plug 5, thereby reducing cooling effects thereof, whereas the density of the gas is greater on the side of the cladding tube 1, thereby effectively cooling the melted metal and inhibiting its fluidity so as to form a welding bead having a preferable shape.
In FIG. 9 showing a third embodiment, a welding apparatus 50 has a cylindrical gas nozzle 51 with an opening, at the center of which a welding electrode 23 is disposed. A side nozzle (second nozzle) 52 is positioned adjacent to the side of the gas nozzle 51.
During welding, the side nozzle 51 discharges shield gas toward the cladding tube 1 with the lower heat capacity at the contact portion S and toward an arc discharge thereto, equalizing the melting quantities of the workpieces.
It should be noted that the opening 21b of the gas nozzle 31 may be disposed off-center toward the welding electrode 23 in advance in order to direct the discharge of the shield gas, eliminating the deformation of the opening 21b, the mount of the baffle 41, and the bending of the welding electrode 23. Alternatively, the welding electrode 23 may be disposed off-center toward the opening 31b of the gas nozzle 31 in advance in order to direct the discharge of the shield gas. This invention can be adapted to welding processes for three or more workpieces and for workpieces other than the fuel rod.
This invention may be embodied in other forms or carried out in other ways without departing from the spirit thereof. The present embodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, and all modifications falling within the meaning and range of equivalency are intended to be embraced therein.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2862294 *Nov 5, 1954Dec 2, 1958Distillers Co Yeast LtdJoining of metalsUS3548143 *Dec 13, 1968Dec 15, 1970Reeh OlafWelding torchUS3838243 *Dec 29, 1972Sep 24, 1974Nat Res Inst MetalsMethod and apparatus for controlling arc in gas shield arc weldingUS4090057 *Sep 17, 1976May 16, 1978National Research Institute For MetalsMethod for controlling the shape of a molten pool in gas shield arc weldingUS4296300 *Dec 19, 1978Oct 20, 1981Sio-Societa per l'Industria Dell'Ossigenc e di Altri GasMethod and device for welding protected metal partsUS5440099 *Dec 22, 1993Aug 8, 1995Fn Mfg LlcWelding complicated, difficult-to-weld metal componentsUS5811756 *Jan 22, 1996Sep 22, 1998Nippon Light Metal Company, Inc.ARC welding method for aluminum members and welded product excellent in dimensional accuracy and external appearanceSU1342646A1 * Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS20040015380 *Jul 22, 2002Jan 22, 2004Timmins Timothy A.Technique for communicating concierge-type information to users of an information assistance serviceUS20080050832 *Mar 23, 2007Feb 28, 2008Buechler Kenneth FMethods and compositions for diagnosis and/or prognosis in systemic inflammatory response syndromesUS20090323909 *Jun 30, 2008Dec 31, 2009Timmins Timothy ATechnique for communicating concierge-type information to users of an information assistance serviceUS20160052078 *Apr 9, 2014Feb 25, 2016Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki KaishaWelding torch with upper and lower shielding gas flow and welding method using welding torch for horizontal weldingCN105121085A *Apr 9, 2014Dec 2, 2015丰田自动车株式会社Welding torch with upper and lower shielding gas flow and welding method using welding torch for horizontal weldingWO2003009307A1 *Jan 17, 2002Jan 30, 2003Belgonucleaire SaWelded mox fuel rod and method of welding a nuclear fuel rodWO2014170730A1 *Apr 9, 2014Oct 23, 2014Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki KaishaWelding torch with upper and lower shielding gas flow and welding method using welding torch for horizontal welding* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification219/75, 219/137.00RInternational ClassificationB23K9/00, B23K9/29, G21C21/02, B23K9/32, B23K9/167, B23K9/16Cooperative ClassificationB23K9/325, B23K9/16European ClassificationB23K9/32G, B23K9/16Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 15, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: MITSUBISHI NUCLEAR FUEL CO., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:YONEDA, EIJI;REEL/FRAME:009188/0163Effective date: 19971203Mar 6, 2003FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Feb 28, 2007FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Feb 11, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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omgdude29 comments on Why would aliens invade Earth?jump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | television-sports-videos-Jokes-books-Music-Fitness-aww-Documentaries-nosleep-todayilearned-mildlyinteresting-gifs-Art-food-gadgets-space-AskReddit-IAmA-movies-worldnews-pics-TwoXChromosomes-tifu-photoshopbattles-funny-EarthPorn-explainlikeimfive-listentothis-OldSchoolCool-Showerthoughts-philosophy-dataisbeautiful-history-DIY-InternetIsBeautiful-nottheonion-WritingPrompts-askscience-gaming-news-Futurology-personalfinance-LifeProTips-science-creepy-UpliftingNews-GetMotivatedmore » UFOscommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/UFOsuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 14 Dec 20139 points (67% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postUFOssubscribeunsubscribe36,340 readers~39 users here now
a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSthirdoffiveshyvenjedi_akaxvvhiteboyfexfexfex8910Why would aliens invade Earth? (self.UFOs)submitted 8 months ago by Sacha11798 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–]Sacha117[S] 0 points1 point2 points 8 months ago (5 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onThere are plenty of resources in space. Earth isn't special. It would be easier for them to mine the asteroid field if they were hell bent on taking resources from our solar system out of the billions that exist.
permalinkparent[–]omgdude29 0 points1 point2 points 8 months ago (4 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onRight, but if Earthlings have already refined these products for them, wouldn't it be easier than catching an asteroid, setting up whatever equipment is required, harvesting said resources and then jetting? I would believe they would commit intergalatic theft/burglary than doing the work for themselves, considering we are the only planet with intelligent life in the solar system (maybe).
permalinkparent[–]Sacha117[S] 0 points1 point2 points 8 months ago (3 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onThey wouldn't be doing anything other than pressing a button to release a trillion robots to do the mining for them, each one of which capable of 100 individual humans labour, or more. Using us to gather and refine resources would be inefficient and unnecessary. permalinkparent[–]omgdude29 0 points1 point2 points 8 months ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onThat's assuming that have that kind of technology. We automatically assume that since they can travel this far that they are incredibly technologically advanced when they may have only learned how to fly through space quickly. permalinkparent[–]Sacha117[S] 0 points1 point2 points 8 months ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onTechnologically progress happens in stages. It would be impossible that a species capable of projecting across a galaxy not to have developed robots. We are only a few decades away from robots that can beat humans at football for heavens sake. It is a given that a species with the knowledge to get here would be far, far in advance of us in terms of robotics. Assuming otherwise is illogical. permalinkparent[–]Noogleader 0 points1 point2 points 8 months ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onThis is also an observation of just one control subject which is our civilization. Perhaps other civilizations in the universe advanced differently then our human civilization.
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Drug Industry Says 340B Discount Program Is Being Abused - The New York Times
Business|Dispute Develops Over Discount Drug Program
Dispute Develops Over Discount Drug Program
When a private oncology practice in Memphis formed a partnership with a nearby hospital in late 2011, the organizations proclaimed that the deal would “transform cancer care” in the region.
What they did not emphasize was that the deal would also create a windfall for them worth millions of dollars a year, courtesy of an obscure federally mandated drug discount program.
That is what happened in Memphis. When the West Clinic teamed with Methodist Healthcare, the huge volume of chemotherapy drugs used by the clinic suddenly qualified for the hospital’s discount, while reimbursement remained the same.
In a report issued on Tuesday, pharmaceutical industry trade groups say that some hospitals have gone overboard in using the program to generate revenue, straying from the original intent of helping needy patients. The report, which was supported by groups representing pharmacies, pharmacy benefit managers and oncology practices, called for the discounts to be more narrowly focused.
Some senior Republicans in the House and Senate are investigating the program, which they say has suffered from murky rules and lax enforcement.
“If ‘nonprofit’ hospitals are essentially profiting from the 340B program without passing those savings to its patients, then the 340B program is not functioning as intended,” Senator Charles E. Grassley, Republican of Iowa, said in letters sent to three medical centers last October.
One reason for the scrutiny is that the program — named after the section in the law that created it in 1992 — now includes one-third of the nation’s hospitals, triple the number in 2005. About $6.9 billion worth of drugs, or about 2 percent of the nation’s total, are sold through the program annually, reducing revenue for the pharmaceutical companies by hundreds of millions of dollars a year.
The industry report says sales could grow to $12 billion by 2016. That is in part because the nation’s new health care law will make more hospitals eligible for the discounts by increasing the number of Medicaid patients they treat, even as the need for the discounts should arguably diminish because fewer people will be uninsured.
Hospitals say 340B was never meant to merely provide cheap medicines to poor people. Rather, it was meant to help the hospitals that treat such patients, and to stretch federal resources. Making money from the spread helps keep the hospitals operating, which in turn helps needy patients, they say.
Burnis D. Breland, the pharmacy director of a Georgia health system, says the federal program is essential.CreditRobin Trimarchi for The New York Times
“If we didn’t have our 340B program, I seriously doubt we could have our outpatient cancer center,” said Burnis D. Breland, director of pharmacy at the Columbus Regional Healthcare System in western Georgia.
Nevertheless, with the program under scrutiny, the organization representing 340B hospitals, Safety Net Hospitals for Pharmaceutical Access, has warned companies that help those hospitals run their discount programs to avoid using terms like “increasing profits” and “revenue enhancement.”
A 2011 report by the Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, said that federal oversight of the program was insufficient to ensure that hospitals and drug companies were adhering to the rules.
In response, the Health Resources and Services Administration, which oversees the program using an annual budget of only $4.4 million, audited 51 hospitals last year, its first audits since the program began. It also made all hospitals recertify themselves as eligible for the program.
As a result, some 271 treatment sites belonging to 85 hospitals were ejected from the program, said Krista Pedley, the federal official in charge of the 340B program. She said that three hospitals acknowledged receiving discounts for which they were ineligible and were repaying manufacturers.
Some drug companies — Genentech is the only one that has publicly identified itself — are also auditing hospitals or considering doing so.
Previous studies have shown drug companies do not always offer the full discount, though no drug companies are being audited.
“Basically the pendulum has swung so aggressively toward oversight of the hospitals, with little concern about the drug companies,” said Ted Slafsky, president of Safety Net Hospitals for Pharmaceutical Access.
With so much money at stake, the 340B program has given rise to a cottage industry of companies that help hospitals increase their savings, and two big conferences are held each year on the program. The most recent one, in San Francisco last month, drew 800 people and about 50 exhibiting companies.
Some oncologists say the 340B program is one reason that more than 400 oncology practices have become part of hospitals in the last several years. The 340B discounts apply to all drugs, but oncologists use a lot of costly ones, providing a potentially larger spread.
A single oncologist might use $2.5 million to $4 million in drugs a year, according to the Community Oncology Alliance. If those drugs can be acquired for a 25 percent discount, that is a potential profit of up to $1 million.
“It’s the loophole that’s made cancer drugs profitable again,” said Dr. Peter B. Bach, director of the Center for Health Policy and Outcomes at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and a former adviser to Medicare.
Dr. Lee S. Schwartzberg, medical director of the West Clinic in Memphis, said the 340B program “definitely was a factor” in the decision to form the partnership with Methodist Healthcare.
Some senior Republicans, like Senator Charles E. Grassley, are scrutinizing the 340B program.CreditBrendan Smialowski/Getty Images
The hospital and clinic say they will donate $5 million a year from the 340B proceeds to the University of Tennessee, which is building a cancer center with which they are affiliated.
The money is also being used to help pay for nursing and genetic counseling, Dr. Schwartzberg said.
Some prison systems, meanwhile, save on drug costs by making a 340B hospital their official health care provider.
If inmates “become ‘patients’ of the hospital, a ‘win-win’ arrangement can be negotiated with the state, county or city,” said a slide from a 2010 presentation by Safety Net Hospitals for Pharmaceutical Access.
A big increase in the use of 340B occurred in 2010, when the government allowed hospitals to use an unlimited number of neighborhood pharmacies to fill 340B prescriptions. Before that, patients generally had to go to the hospital pharmacy, which can be inconvenient.
The University of California medical centers, which now have 240 pharmacies under contract, expect 35 percent of eligible prescriptions to go through the 340B program this year, up from only 10 percent in 2011, said Lynn Paulsen, director of pharmacy practice standards.
In these arrangements, needy patients typically get the drugs at little or no cost.
But if a patient is insured, the hospital keeps the difference between the reduced price it paid for the drug and the higher price reimbursed by the insurer, and pays the neighborhood pharmacy a dispensing fee.
There are already about 25,000 arrangements between a treatment site and a pharmacy, according to the Health Resources and Services Administration.
“It’s morphed into a big revenue-capture game — how can we get as many 340B prescriptions filled at a 340B price,” said Aaron Vandervelde of the Berkeley Research Group, a consulting firm to pharmaceutical companies.
It is too early to say what, if any, changes will be made by Congress.
Hospitals say that restricting the discounts to drugs actually consumed by poor patients would eviscerate the benefits of the program. The hospitals are hoping the program might be expanded to help balance the federal budget.
Ailing hospitals might garner more sympathy than profitable drug companies. It is perhaps telling that no Democrats have joined the investigation of the 340B program.
“It’s saving the government money, so they don’t have an incentive to change it,” said Carlton Sedberry, senior director at Medical Marketing Economics, a pharmaceutical industry consulting firm.
“It’s making the hospitals money, so they don’t have an incentive to change it.” And patients, for the most part, are unaware of 340B.
“The only people this smacks are the manufacturers.”
Correction: Feb. 22, 2013
An article on Feb. 13 about a drug discount program for hospitals known as 340B misstated the target of a warning from an organization representing hospitals that use the program. The organization, Safety Net Hospitals for Pharmaceutical Access, warned companies that help the hospitals run their discount programs to avoid using terms like “increasing profits” and “revenue enhancement.” It did not issue that warning to the hospitals themselves.
A version of this article appears in print on , on Page B1 of the New York edition with the headline: Drug Industry Sees Abuse in Discount Program. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe
A Popular Discount Drug Program Under Fire
White Paper on 340B Hospitals

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saladbar comments on Fall Directors Cup Standings.jump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | space-DIY-Futurology-philosophy-OldSchoolCool-food-personalfinance-Showerthoughts-Documentaries-aww-creepy-videos-history-EarthPorn-todayilearned-gifs-funny-books-tifu-gaming-nosleep-Art-askscience-worldnews-Jokes-mildlyinteresting-sports-AskReddit-science-nottheonion-television-explainlikeimfive-LifeProTips-TwoXChromosomes-GetMotivated-InternetIsBeautiful-UpliftingNews-photoshopbattles-movies-Fitness-Music-WritingPrompts-dataisbeautiful-listentothis-gadgets-news-IAmA-picsmore »reddit.com CFBcommentsrelatedwant to join? sign in or create an account in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/CFBuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 10 Jan 201312 points (80% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit LinkSubmit TextCFBsubscribeunsubscribe122,158 readers802 users here now
a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSKennesaw State Owls / Kansas JayhawksKllianOhio State BuckeyesredbennCHOO CHOO MOTHERFUCKERnolezAuburn Tigers / /r/CFB Poll VeteransirgippyWHOOP!thravNebraska Cornhuskers / Big 8Corporal_HicksrawrHonestly_Stanford Cardinal / The Axebakonydraco/r/CFBAutoModeratorRPI Engineers / Georgetown Hoyasblueboybob...and 6 more »111213Fall Directors Cup Standings. (grfx.cstv.com)submitted 2 years ago by Florida State Seminoles / /r/CFB BrickmasonNoleWarrior11 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–]Stanford Cardinal / The Axesaladbar 4 points5 points6 points 2 years ago (4 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onStanford getting a healthy boost from football? Seems unfair at this point. Our inherent advantages in the Directors' Cup have been well-documented (we field more sports than everyone except Ohio State, I think) but what really concerns me this year is the NCAA championship streak. Cardinal squads have won at least one championship every year for decades now, but the most likely winners were upset in the fall (women's soccer and women's volleyball.) Here's hoping some other squad steps up.
permalink[–]Stanford Cardinal / The AxeLEGEN--wait_for_it 1 point2 points3 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onIt's only winter. I'll start worrying about our streak in spring.
permalinkparent[–]Stanford Cardinal / Santa Clara BroncosCardinalnotCardinals 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onNo need to worry.... Two words... "Women's Waterpolo"
We have the MVP from the olympics who is a freshman this year and a couple other olympic players who took an Olympic redshirt last year. And I believe even without them we won last year.
permalinkparent[–]Stanford Cardinal / The Axesaladbar 1 point2 points3 points 2 years ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onOh right, Maggie Steffens.
permalinkparent[–]Stanford Cardinal / Santa Clara BroncosCardinalnotCardinals 1 point2 points3 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI'm excited :)
That seems a lot more sexual than intended...
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Chiefs, Colts dominating trenches - NFL - ESPN
Chiefs, Colts dominating trenches
The Seahawks and Chiefs are among the top offensive lines at opening up holes for their running backs.
The most famous offensive line in NFL history was the group that helped lead Washington to Super Bowl wins in 1983, 1988 and 1991. Nicknamed "the Hogs," the unit's biggest strength was its ability to dictate the tempo of the game and wear down defenses with its physical run blocking. The Hogs were so dominant, at times they reportedly told defenders the play they were going to run before the snap of the ball.
Here are five offensive lines of today that do the best job of controlling the line of scrimmage and opening up holes for their backs. Kansas City Chiefs
RBs Priest Holmes and Larry Johnson get plenty of national recognition, and for good reason. Both backs read their blocks well, run hard and show a second gear in the open field, but they also have benefited from running behind a versatile, experienced and tough offensive line. To continue reading this article you must be an Insider Insider

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ITIL® – Service Strategy (SS) 2 Days Virtual Live Training in Halifax Tickets, Wed, Oct 2, 2019 at 9:00 AM | Eventbrite
ITIL® – Service Strategy (SS) 2 Days Virtual Live Training in Halifax
Wed, October 2, 2019, 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM ADT
This Course immerses participants in the overall concepts, Processes, Policies and methods associated with the Service Strategy phase of the Service Lifecycle. The Course covers the Management and control of the activities and techniques within the Service Strategy stage, but not the detail of each of the supporting Processes. This Course is designed using an engaging scenario-based approach to Learning the core disciplines of the ITIL Best Practice and positions the participant to successfully complete the associated exam.
The Course is important for IT professionals working in roles associated with strategic planning, execution and control within a service-based business model. Participants will gain a deeper understanding of the Service Strategy stage of the Service Lifecycle and how activities in this stage may be implemented to enhance the quality of IT service Management within an organization. This Course is of special interest for ITIL Foundation certified professionals extending their qualifications to ITIL Expert (and later ITIL Master) level for which this qualification is a prerequisite.
Through the blended form of Learning, participants benefit from an optimal mix of Learning methods that provides them with the most effective way to build their ITIL knowledge with respect to Service Strategy and learn to apply this knowledge in real life. Participants can complete eLearning modules in their own time to build the right level of knowledge, and then participate in interactive classroom or virtual classroom sessions to apply this knowledge in Practice.
●	Introduction to Service Strategy
●	Scope of Service Strategy
●	Relationship with Other Lifecycle Phases
●	Service Strategy Principles
●	Basic Approach to Deciding a Strategy
●	Strategy and Opposing Dynamics and Outperforming Competitors
●	The Four Ps of Service Strategy
●	Services and Value
●	Utility and Warranty of Services
●	Customer Assets, Service Assets, and Strategic Assets
●	Service Providers – Types and Choosing Between Them
●	Defining Services
●	Strategies for Customer Satisfaction
●	Service Economics
●	Sourcing Strategy
●	Strategy Inputs and Outputs with the Service Lifecycle
●	Strategy Management for IT Services
●	Service Portfolio Management
●	Financial Management for IT Services
●	Demand Management
●	Business Relationship Management
●	Sample Test Questions
●	Governance
●	Strategizing for Governance
●	The Governance Framework
●	IT Governance
●	Governance Bodies
●	Relationship of Service Strategy with Governance
●	Organizing for Service Strategy
●	Departmentalization Organization
●	Organizational Design
●	Service Owner and Business Relationship Manager
●	Other Roles
●	Service Automation
●	Service Interfaces
●	Implementation Through the Lifecycle
●	Following the Lifecycle Approach
●	Impact of Service Strategy on Other Lifecycle Phases
●	CSFs
●	Understand Service Management as a Practice and Service Strategy Principles, purpose and objective.
●	Understand how all Service Strategy Processes interact with other Service Lifecycle Processes.
●	Identify the activities, methods and functions used in each of the Service Strategy Processes.
●	Identify the roles and responsibilities within Service Strategy and the activities and functions to achieve operational excellence.
●	Measure Service Strategy performance.
●	Understand technology and implementation Requirements in support of Service Strategy.
●	Identify the challenges, critical success factors and Risks related with Service Strategy.
●	Service Strategy Processes
●	Implementing Service Strategy
●	Challenges, Critical Success Factors, and Risks
●	2 hours of self-paced, instructor-supported eLearning
●	CIO/CTOs
●	Supervisory staff
●	IT Team leaders
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●	Service Test Managers
ITIL® – Service Strategy (SS) 2 Days Virtual Live Training in Halifax at Halifax

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Lien Ching Chen and Dr. Rose Hu Chen. January 9, 1956. -- Ordered to be printed (eBook, 1956) [WorldCat.org]
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/858605673
Title: Lien Ching Chen and Dr. Rose Hu Chen. January 9, 1956. -- Ordered to be printed
OCLC:858605673
Lien Ching Chen and Dr. Rose Hu Chen. January 9, 1956. -- Ordered to be printed
United States congressional serial set, serial set no. 11891; Senate report, no. 1363
858605673
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Lien Ching Chen and Dr. Rose Hu Chen. January 9, 1956. -- Ordered to be printed/Harley Martin Kilgore; United States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary;; Washington, DC [s.n.] 1956

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The parent connection: How to communicate with your child about alcohol and other drugs by Meyer, Roberta: F. Watts 9780531098318 Hardcover - AbeBooks.com
Home Meyer, Roberta The parent connection: How to communicate with your child about ...
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1. The parent connection: How to communicate with your child about alcohol and other drugs
ISBN 10: 0531098311 ISBN 13: 9780531098318
Book Description F. Watts. Hardcover. Book Condition: VERY GOOD. Light rubbing wear to cover, spine and page edges. Very minimal writing or notations in margins not affecting the text. Possible clean ex-library copy, with their stickers and or stamp(s). Bookseller Inventory # 2752763108
2. The Parent Connection : How to Communicate with Your Child about Alcohol and Other Drugs
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6. The parent connection: How to communicate with your child about alcohol and other drugs
Book Description F. Watts, 1984. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. book. Bookseller Inventory # M0531098311
7. The parent connection: How to communicate with your child about alcohol and other drugs
Book Description F. Watts, 1984. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. Never used!. Bookseller Inventory # P110531098311
8. The parent connection: How to communicate with your child about alcohol and other drugs
Book Description F. Watts, 1984. Hardcover. Book Condition: Good. 2nd. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. May not contain Access Codes or Supplements. May be ex-library. Shipping & Handling by region. Buy with confidence, excellent customer service!. Bookseller Inventory # 0531098311

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Words containing connoc | Words that contain connoc
Words containing connoc | Words that contain connoc http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-connocPrinter Friendly
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Found 2 words containing connoc. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain connoc. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that start with connoc, Words that end in connoc
12 letter words containing connoc8 letter words containing connocSee also12 letter words containing connocconnochaetes8 letter words containing connocboconnocSee also:2-letter words with VWords that start with zWords that start with oWords that start with fWords that start with dWords that start with qWords containing connoWords containing connochWords containing connoq

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