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Patent US7350818 - Vehicle frame rail - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe vehicle frame rail in one form has front, middle and rear portions which are seamlessly joined together to form a unitary one-piece monolithic frame rail. The frame rail may be straight with an upper surface of an upper flange of the frame rail being planar. At the transition regions of this form...http://www.google.com/patents/US7350818?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7350818 - Vehicle frame railAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7350818 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/975,691Publication dateApr 1, 2008Filing dateOct 27, 2004Priority dateNov 24, 2003Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS20050110263Publication number10975691, 975691, US 7350818 B2, US 7350818B2, US-B2-7350818, US7350818 B2, US7350818B2InventorsNicholas Michael Rini, Mark Waitman PitsenbargerOriginal AssigneeFreightliner LlcExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (11), Classifications (5), Legal Events (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetVehicle frame rail
US 7350818 B2Abstract
The vehicle frame rail in one form has front, middle and rear portions which are seamlessly joined together to form a unitary one-piece monolithic frame rail. The frame rail may be straight with an upper surface of an upper flange of the frame rail being planar. At the transition regions of this form of frame rail form, the lower flange converges toward the upper flange at a transition between the front and middle portion and diverges from the upper flange at a transition from the middle portion to the rear portion. The upper flange of the frame rail may converge toward the lower flange along a rearmost section of the frame rail.
1. A frame rail for use in a vehicle frame rail assembly comprising:
an intermediate section; and
wherein the sections are seamlessly transitioned from a front of the rail to a rear of the rail, each section comprising an upper surface and a lower surface, the lower surface of the front section converging toward the upper surface of the front section at a first transition between the front section and intermediate section, the lower surface of the intermediate section diverging from the upper surface of the intermediate section at a second transition between the intermediate section and the rear section;
wherein when the frame rail is horizontal, the elevation of the upper surfaces of at least a rear portion of the front section, of the intermediate section, and of at least a forward portion of the rear section is the same; and
wherein the lower surface of the front section transitions into the lower surface of the intermediate section at a first transition, the first transition comprising a first bend defining a first radius and a second bend defining a second radius, and wherein the lower surface of the intermediate section transitions into the lower surface of the rear section at a second transition, the second transition comprising a third bend defining a third radius and a fourth bend defining a fourth radius;
wherein the rear section comprises at least a first rear portion and second rear portion, the first rear portion being forwardly of the second rear portion, and wherein there is a seamless transition between the first and second rear portions;
wherein the rear section comprises at least a third rear portion rearwardly of the second rear portion and in addition to the first and second rear portions, and wherein there is a seamless transition between the second and third rear portions; and
wherein the seamless transitions between the first and second rear portions and between the second and third rear portions are each rearwardly of a rear axle mounting location where a rear axle is to be coupled to the frame rail.
2. The frame rail of claim 1, wherein the first transition and the second transition are each substantially S-shaped.
3. The frame rail of claim 1, wherein the front section has at least a major portion with a height H5 that is less than 1.5 times the height H6 of at least a major portion of the intermediate section, but more than 1.0 times the height H6.
4. The frame rail of claim 1, wherein the rail is made of a monolithic homogenous material.
5. The frame rail of claim 1, wherein the upper surfaces of the front section, intermediate section, and at least a forward portion of the rear section are coplanar.
6. The frame rail of claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the second rear portion is at a lower elevation than the upper surface of the first rear portion when the frame rail is horizontal.
7. The frame rail of claim 6, wherein a third transition is positioned between the first rear portion and the second rear portion, the upper surface of the first rear portion converging toward the lower surface of the first rear portion at the third transition.
8. The frame rail of claim 1 wherein the upper surface of the second rear portion is at a lower elevation than the upper surface of the first rear portion and the upper surface of the third rear portion is at a lower elevation than the upper surface of the second rear portion when the frame rail is horizontal.
9. The frame rail of claim 8 wherein the lower surfaces of the second and third rear portions are both at a lower elevation than the lower surface of the intermediate section when the frame rail is horizontal.
10. The frame rail of claim 9 wherein the lower surfaces of the second and third rear portions are the same when the frame rail is horizontal.
11. The frame rail of claim 1, wherein each of the seamless transitions are of a substantially S-shape.
12. The frame rail of claim 11, wherein in cross-section, the frame rail is substantially C-shaped.
13. The frame rail of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower surfaces are flanges, the flanges being coupled together by an upright web.
14. A frame rail according to claim 1 wherein each of the front, intermediate and rear sections comprises an outer side surface in addition to the upper and lower surfaces, and wherein the outer side surface has a longitudinal axis that from a portion of the front section to a portion of the rear section is positioned in a plane.
15. At least two frame rails according to claim 1 included in a frame rail assembly for vehicles having at least one front and at least one rear axle, each frame rail comprising in a front to rear direction, the front section, a first transition portion, the intermediate section, a second transition portion, and the rear section, the frame rails extending seamlessly from at least a portion of the front section to at least a portion of the rear section, each of said sections and portions of the frame rails comprising an upper and lower flange, the upper and lower flanges being parallel to one another along at least a portion of the front section, along at least a portion of the intermediate section, and along at least a portion of the rear section forwardly of the rear axle, wherein in a front to rear direction along the frame rail the upper and lower flanges of the first transition portion converge and the upper and lower surfaces of the second transition portion diverge; and
wherein the upper flanges of the front section, the first transition portion, the intermediate section, the second transition portion, and at least a portion of the rear section forwardly of the rear axle of each frame rail have upper surfaces that are coplanar.
16. First and second frame rails according to claim 1 combined in a vehicle chassis, the first and second frame rails each supported by at least one front axle and at least one rear axle with wheels and tires mounted to each axle and engaging the ground, wherein the clearance between the ground and the lower surface of the intermediate section is four inches greater than the clearance between the ground and the lower surface of the front section and wherein the height between the ground and the upper surface of the intermediate section is nine inches greater than the clearance between the ground and the lower surface of the intermediate section.
17. A vehicle chassis of claim 16 having only two axles.
18. A vehicle chassis according to claim 16 wherein the first and second frame rails do not converge toward one another between the front and rear axles.
19. A vehicle chassis according to claim 18 wherein the first and second frame rails do not converge toward one another throughout their entire length.
20. A vehicle chassis according to claim 16 wherein each of the first and second frame rails are unitary one-piece monolithic frame rails.
21. The vehicle chassis of claim 16, wherein the upper surfaces of the front section, the intermediate section, and at least a portion of the rear section forwardly of the rear axle of each of the first and second frame rails are at the same elevation when the first and second frame rails of the chassis are horizontal.
22. A frame rail according to claim 1 wherein each of the front, intermediate and rear sections comprise upper and lower flanges and
wherein the upper flanges of at least a section of the front section, the middle section and at least a section of the rear section are straight.
23. A frame rail according to claim 22 wherein each of the front, middle and rear sections each have a side surface and all of said side surfaces are in a common plane.
24. A frame rail according to claim 22 wherein each upper flange has an upper surface and wherein the upper surfaces are coplanar.
25. The frame rail of claim 1, wherein a height H5 of the front section is thirteen inches, wherein a height H6 of the intermediate section is nine inches, and wherein the height H7 of at least a section of the rear portion is thirteen inches.
26. The frame rail of claim 1 wherein the height H5 of at least a major section of the front section is less than 1.5 times the height of H6 of at least a major section of the intermediate section and H5 is also greater than H6 and wherein the height H7 of at least a major section of the rear portion is greater than H6 and less than 1.5 times the height H6.
27. The frame rail of claim 26 wherein H5 and H7 are each 13/1 times H6.
28. A frame rail for use in a vehicle frame rail assembly comprising:
wherein when the frame rail is horizontal, the elevation of the upper surfaces of the front section, intermediate section, and at least a forward portion of the rear section is the same;
wherein the rear section comprises at least a first rear portion and a second rear portion, the first rear portion being forwardly of the second rear portion, and wherein there is a seamless transition between the first and second rear portions;
wherein the upper surface of the second rear portion is at a lower elevation than the upper surface of the first rear portion when the frame rail is horizontal;
wherein a third seamless transition is positioned between the first rear portion and the second rear portion, the upper surface of the second rear portion being at a lower elevation than the upper surface of the first rear portion when the frame rail is horizontal;
the rear section comprises at least a third rear portion rearwardly of the second rear portion and in addition to the first and second rear portions, and wherein there is a fourth seamless transition between the second and third rear portions, the third and fourth transitions being rearwardly of a rear axle mounting location; and
the upper surface of the third rear portion being at a lower elevation than the upper surface of the second rear portion when the frame rail is horizontal.
29. A frame rail according to claim 28 wherein an uppermost surface of each section defines a top edge and a bottommost surface of each section defines a bottom edge, the distance H5 between the top and bottom edges of at least a major section of the front section and the distance H13 between the top and bottom edges of at least a major section of a forward portion of the rear section being less than 1.5 but more than 1.0 times the distance H6 between the top and bottom edges of at least a major section of the intermediate section.
30. A frame rail according to claim 29 which is a unitary monolithic frame rail.
31. The frame rail of 28, wherein
the lower surfaces of the second and third rear portions are at a lower elevation that the lower surface of the first rear portion when the frame rail is horizontal.
32. The frame rail of claim 31 wherein the lower surfaces of the second and third rear portions are the same when the frame rail is horizontal.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/525,064, filed Nov. 24, 2003, entitled, “Vehicle Frame Rail”, by Nicholas Michael Rini and Mark Waitman Pitsenbarger, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to improved frame rails for vehicles and which have particular applicability to recreational vehicles. The present invention also relates to vehicles which incorporate such frame rails and also chassis constructions which incorporate such frame rails.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate one known form of frame rail incorporated into a chassis of a recreational vehicle such as for a Winnebago� motorhome. The construction of FIGS. 1 and 2 include spaced apart parallel frame rails 10,12 which are interconnected by a plurality of cross-members, one being indicated at 14 in FIG. 2. A front suspension 16 is coupled to the frame rails 10,12 and also to an axle structure 18 which carries first and second wheels and tires 20,22. A rear suspension 24 is coupled to the frame rails 10,12 and supports and axle and tandem wheel structure 26 toward the rear of the chassis.
The frame rails of FIGS. 1 and 2 are generally of a C-shaped configuration with upper and lower inwardly extending flanges interconnected by an upright or vertical web. The frame rails of FIGS. 1 and 2 have a height H1 which in one specific known embodiment is 9 inches. The height H1 is constant along the full length of each of the frame rails 10,12.
A clearance C1 exists between the underside of frame rails 10,12 and the ground 30 adjacent to front wheels 18. In addition, a clearance C2 exists between the underside of frame rails 10,12 and the ground 30 adjacent to the rear wheels 26. In known constructions, C2 may be slightly greater than C1. The actual clearances C1 and C2 vary with the tire size and suspension that is being used. For example, an average clearance in the section between the front and rear wheels 18,26 between the underside of the frame rails and ground in one known construction is 25 inches.
Another form of known chassis and frame rail construction for a recreational vehicle is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. This configuration is known as a stacked rail configuration. Each frame rail 40,42 in FIGS. 3 and 4 is an assembly of three separate rail sections. Thus, frame rail 40 has a first upper or top rail section 44 which extends from a location 46 forwardly of a set of wheels and axle 48 to a location 50 which is rearwardly of a set of rear wheels and axle 52. At the forward end of the chassis, rail section 44 is stacked on top of a rail section 54 which extends from a location 56 rearwardly of the wheels 48 to a location 58 at the forward end of the chassis. In addition, the frame rail 40 has a lower rear frame rail section 60 which extends from a location 62 forwardly of the wheels 52 to a location 62 at the rear of the chassis. The lower front rail section 54 extends forwardly of the front end of rail section 44 while the rail section 62 extends rearwardly of the rear end 50 of the rail section 44. In one known construction, the height H2 of rail section 44 is 9 inches and the height H3 of each of the rail sections 54,60 is also 9 inches. Thus, the overall height H4 of the rail sections 44,54 (and of rail sections 44,60) is 18 inches. The rail sections 44,54 and 60 are also of a generally C-shaped configuration. The lower generally horizontal inwardly extending flange of rail section 44 is secured to the upper generally horizontal inwardly extending flange of rail section 54 and also to the upper generally horizontally inwardly extending flange of the rail section 60. Rail 42 in FIG. 4 is the mirror image of rail section 40 and is also a stacked three rail section assembly.
Assuming the clearance C4 of the FIG. 3 embodiment is the same as the clearance C1 in the FIG. 1 embodiment, then the average clearance C5 between the wheels 48 and 52 (and more specifically between ends 56 and 62 of the rail sections 54,60) is 9 inches greater than the average clearance between the wheels 18,26 of the FIG. 1 configuration. This allows for the positioning of under frame rail storage compartments for convenient storage of articles being transported by a user of the vehicle, such as a recreational vehicle having a body (not shown in these figures) mounted to the chassis depicted therein.
Desirably, the frame rails 100,102 are mirror images of one another. For this reason, the discussion below focuses on frame rail 100.
Most desirably, the frame rail 100 is formed of a single monolithic unitary homogeneous durable material, such as ASTM A656 Grade 50 steel. Frame rail 100 is preferably a straight rail, with straight being defined generally to mean substantially straight in a longitudinal direction.
With reference to FIG. 7, a front suspension 106 couples axle supported front wheels 108 to the respective frame rails 100,102. In addition, a rear suspension 110 couples an axle with tandem wheels indicated at 112 to the respective frame rails. The axle/wheel assembly 108 and axle/wheel assembly 112 extend perpendicularly to the respective rails 100,102. The chassis may have more than two axles, such as two rear axles and a front axle. In the chassis of FIGS. 6 and 7, the rails 100,102 are desirably parallel to one another and are supported at the same elevation. Although other cross-sectional configurations may be employed, desirably the cross-section of the rails 100,102 is generally C-shaped with an upper flange 130 (FIG. 5), an upright web 132 and a lower flange 134. The upper and lower flanges 130,134 are desirably parallel to one another and extend generally horizontally when the frame rail is supported on the axles except in transition regions between various front-to-rear sections of the rails.
With reference to FIG. 6, the frame rail 100 comprises a front section 140, a front intermediate section 142, a rear intermediate section 144 and a rearmost section 146. It should be understood that rearmost section 146 optionally may simply be an extension of rear intermediate section 144. Rail section 140 transitions through a transition region 150 to the section 142. In addition, rail section 142 transitions through a transition region 152 to the rail section 144. Also, rail section 144 transitions through a transition region 154 to rail section 146.
In the illustrated FIG. 6 embodiment, although not required, front rail section 140 is of a uniform height leading to the transition region 150 with this height being indicated at H5. In addition, transition region 150 may have a generally S-shape along its lower edge portion as shown. The height H6 of rail section 142 intermediate the transition regions 150,152 is desirably less than the height H5. Desirably, H5 is less than two times H6 and more desirably H5 is less than 1.5 times H6. The transition region 152 may also be generally S-shaped along its lower edge portion. The height H7 intermediate the transition regions 152,154 may be constant and desirably is the same as the height H5. Alternatively, H7 may vary along its length and may be different than H5 such as somewhat greater than H5. At transition region 154, which may have an upper edge portion which is also of a generally S-shaped configuration, the frame rail transcends to the rearmost section 146. Section 146, although not required, may be of a constant height H8. H8 may vary, but in one specific example, is the same as H6.
Thus, in the illustrated frame rail construction, the upper surface or upper flange 130 of rail 100 is at a constant elevation throughout frame rails sections 140,142 and 144 until the transition region 154, at which point the elevation of the upper flange of the frame rail is reduced. In addition, the elevation of the lower flange of the frame rail may be constant throughout the entire length of the frame rail except from transition region 150 along section 142 and along transition region 152. Intermediate frame rail section 142 is thus stepped up relative to the end frame rail sections. That is, the clearance C6 is less than the clearance C7.
As a specific example, H5 may be 13 inches, H6 may be 9 inches, H7 may be 13 inches, and H8 may be 9 inches. Thus, with this specific example, the clearance C7 is 4 inches greater than the clearance C6 assuming the frame rail 100 is positioned with its longitudinal axis in a horizontal plane. The upper surface of frame rail sections 140,142 and 144 may be raised, such as 4 inches to increase the height of the vehicle floor a corresponding amount. This would place the vehicle floor at a higher elevation than in the FIG. 1 construction but would also make C6 and C1 the same. However, the elevation of the upper surface of frame rail sections 140,142 and 144 is at a lower elevation than the elevation of the upper surface of frame rail section 44 in FIG. 3 if C4 in FIG. 3 is the same as C1 in FIG. 2. The elevation of the stacked rail sections 44 and 54 of FIG. 3 have a height H4 of 18 inches in comparison to H5 of 13 inches in the FIG. 6. Therefore, the floor height (to of upper rail sections) in FIG. 3 would be 5 inches higher than in FIG. 6 if C1, C4 and C6 is the same. This can make it harder to egress and ingress a vehicle of the FIG. 3 construction because additional height needs to be negotiated. With this specific configuration, C7 in FIG. 6 would thus be 4 inches greater than C6 but where the elevation of the floor (top of the rail) is raised 4″, C7 is 8 inches greater than C1. In comparison, C5 would be 9 inches greater than C1. In the FIGS. 6 and 7 constructions, added space for storage is thus provided between the respective wheels 108,112 of the chassis (in comparison to the straight rail embodiment of FIG. 1) while not requiring the floor of the vehicle to be raised as much as in the case of the stacked rail design of FIGS. 3 and 4.
The resistance to bending moment of the FIGS. 6 and 7 constructions is greater than that of specifically known embodiments of the FIGS. 1 and 3 constructions of a frame rail. This is computed below for specific exemplary embodiments of these three types of frame rails.
Definitions: Iy−y=Moment of Inertia (in ^4) H=Rail Height (in) Z=Frame Section Modulus=I/H (in ^3) S=Yield stress of rail material (psi) RBM=Resistance Bending moment (industry standard for rating a rail's strength/stiffness)=Z�S (S=50,000 psi in all cases) Straight Rail: Z=8.25 in ^3; RBM=412,500 in-lb (9″�2.8″�0.25 in thk) Stacked Rail: Z(avg)=0.34(23.5 in ^3)+0.66(8.25 in ^3)=13.44 in ^3; RBM=672,000 in-lb (18″−9″−18″�2.8″�0.25 in thk) stacked Formed Rail: Z(avg)=0.54(18.04 in ^3)+0.42(10.45 in ^3)+0.04(13.92 in ^3)=14.7 in^3; RBM=735,500 in-lb (13.062−9″−13.062″�3.0″�0.313″ thk) *Note-because the section modulus is not continuous in the stacked and formed rail applications, a weighted average of the section modulus for a 267″ wheelbase was used to determine the overall RBM in those cases. In the above example, it is assumed that the yield stress of the rail material is the same in all cases (50,000 psi) based on the assumption that each of the rails is made of the same steel. If different materials are used, the calculations would be altered accordingly.
FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of a portion of the frame rail section 140. FIG. 8A shows a portion of the top flange 130 of this frame rail portion. FIG. 8B shows a portion of the bottom flange 132 of this frame rail portion. Line A-A in this figure illustrates where this frame rail portion connects with the next frame rail portion shown in FIGS. 9, 9A and 9B. As a specific example, and although variable, the length of the frame rail portion depicted in FIG. 8 from the front end of the frame portion depicted in this figure to line A-A, is 104 inches.
FIG. 9 depicts a portion of the frame rail 100 commencing from line A-A to a line B-B. In FIG. 9, a rear portion of front section 140 is depicted, the transition region 150 is depicted and a portion of the intermediate rail section 142 is shown. Although transition 150 may take other configurations, desirably the lower edge portion of region 150 follows an S-shaped transition. The S-shaped transition is defined by bending radii R1 and R2, which may be the same or different. A specific example of R1 and R2 is 10 inches. The corresponding portion of the upper flange 130 of the frame rail is shown in FIG. 9A and of the lower flange is shown in FIG. 9B. Various openings are shown through these frame rail sections for mounting components thereto. The positioning and number of these openings may be varied. In one specific example, the length of the frame rail section shown in FIG. 9 from line A-A to line B-B is 115 inches.
FIG. 10 shows a portion of the frame rail 100 commencing from line B-B (see also FIG. 9) and ending at line C-C. FIG. 10 illustrates a portion of rail section 142, the transition region 152 and a portion of rail section 144. The transition region 152 may take other configurations but desirably has an S-shaped lower edge portion such as shown in FIG. 10. This transition is defined by radii R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, and may also be 10 inches as a specific example. FIG. 10A depicts a portion of the upper flange 130 while FIG. 10B depicts a portion of the lower flange 132. The length of the rail portion depicted in FIG. 10 from line B-B to line C-C in the specific example under discussion is 109 inches.
FIG. 11 depicts a portion of frame rail 100 at a rear section thereof. In particular, FIG. 11 depicts a rearmost portion of frame rail section 144, the transition region 154 and the rear rail section 146. The transition region 154 may also have an S-shaped upper edge portion, although this may be varied. This transition region is defined by radii, R5 and R6, which may be the same or different, such as 11.5 inches and 10 inches. As can be seen in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the respective flanges 130,134 may optionally be narrowed at 130N, 134N. This provides clearance for equipment mounted thereto. A transition 160 is located between the full width flange 130 and the narrow width flange 130N. In addition, transition region 162 is positioned between the full width flange section 134 and the narrow width flange section 134N. As mentioned previously, the height of rail section 146 may be the same as the height of rail section 144. However, in the construction illustrated, the transition region 154 is used to reduce the height of the upper portion of rail section 146. The length of the portion of the rail depicted in FIG. 11 from line C-C to the end of the rail is 133 inches in the specific example shown.
Alternative rear frame rail configurations may be used. FIG. 12 shows one such alternative. In the FIG. 12 version, the top edge portion of the rail comprises a second downwardly extending transition region 164, that may also be S-shaped with radii R7 and R8, prior to the rear end of the frame rail. In addition, the lower edge portion of the frame rail 134 may also have a downwardly extending transition region 168, that may also be S-shaped with radii R9 and R10. In this example, the height H7′ of the frame rail section between transition regions 164 and 168 may be the same as H7, for example thirteen inches, although this may be varied. Also, the steps X, Y and Z and the respective transition sections 154, 164 and 168 may each be the same, such as four inches, although this may be varied.
Having illustrated and described the principles of our invention with reference to several embodiments, it should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that such arrangements may be modified without departing from the principles of our invention. We claim all such modifications. More specifically, we claim all novel and non-obvious features of a frame rail depicted herein both alone and in various combinations and subcombinations with one another.
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text: Patent US6031899 - Method and apparatus for identifying type of call - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Advanced Patent Search | Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA local switch includes circuitry for determining whether a called party is a subscriber of a call type delivery service when a call is being placed to the called party. The local switch also includes circuitry to generate a message to prompt the calling party to identify whether the call is urgent,...http://www.google.com/patents/US6031899?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6031899 - Method and apparatus for identifying type of callPublication numberUS6031899 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/740,161Publication dateFeb 29, 2000Filing dateOct 28, 1996Priority dateOct 28, 1996Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2269708A1, CN1234938A, DE19782084T0, DE19782084T1, WO1998019433A2, WO1998019433A3Publication number08740161, 740161, US 6031899 A, US 6031899A, US-A-6031899, US6031899 A, US6031899AInventorsWoody WuOriginal AssigneeEricsson IncExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (18), Referenced by (53), Classifications (28), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and apparatus for identifying type of callUS 6031899 AAbstract A local switch includes circuitry for determining whether a called party is a subscriber of a call type delivery service when a call is being placed to the called party. The local switch also includes circuitry to generate a message to prompt the calling party to identify whether the call is urgent, normal, or telemarketing. If the calling party does not respond in a timely manner the local switch includes circuitry to analyze the response by the calling party and to generate corresponding signals to inform the called party of the unknown call type. More specifically, either a different ring pattern is generated or a specified symbol is displayed on a display or both to inform the called party of the call type. The present invention may be used in conjunction with modern communication networks such as intelligent networks and public land mobile networks.

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Book Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera in Istanbul from &PricesFrom | Hotels.comEnglish (United States)Book online or call 866-539-0036This call is free. 24 hours a day; 7 days a week.Hotel DealsPackages & FlightsGroupsGift CardsHelpWebsite feedbackSign in & AccountSign inCreate an accountYour bookingsTrip PlannerReview a hotelHotels.com® RewardsYour bookingsJump toOverviewRoom choicesMapReviewsHotel informationLowest price: $102Check availability Lowest price: $102Check availability HotelsTurkey HotelsIstanbul HotelsRadisson Blu Hotel Istanbul PeraAll hotels in Istanbul, Turkey1 room, 2 adultsChange searchDestination, hotel, landmark, or addressCheck inCheck out Rooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617SearchYou can collect Hotels.com® Rewards nights hereRadisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul5 stars5 starsEvliya Celebi Mah., Refik Saydam Cad. No 19 Tepebasi, Istanbul, Istanbul, 34430, Turkey, 800-491-6126Luxury hotel with 2 restaurants, near Galata Tower Free WiFi Lowest price$127$102available on 07/22/17Price may be available on other datesPrice GuaranteePrice Guarantee on hotel bookings. If you find a better price on exactly the same stay, we’ll either match it or give you a coupon. Click below for details.Jump to:OverviewRoom choicesMapReviewsHotel informationLobbyLobbyReceptionSuperior Room (Guest) - Guest RoomSuperior Room (Guest) - Guest RoomBusiness Room - Guest RoomStandard Room (Guest) - Guest RoomSuperior Room (Guest) - Guest RoomSuperior Room (Guest) - Guest RoomStandard Room (Guest) - Guest RoomSuite (Golden Horn Panoramic) - Guest RoomJunior Suite - Guest RoomSuite, Terrace (Golden Horn) - Guest RoomBusiness Room - Guest RoomSuite, Terrace (Golden Horn) - Guest RoomSuite, Terrace (Golden Horn) - Guest RoomSuite, Terrace (Golden Horn) - Guest RoomBusiness Room - Guest RoomSuperior Room (Guest) - Guest RoomStandard Room (Guest) - Living AreaStandard Room (Guest) - Living AreaBusiness Room - Living AreaSuperior Room (Guest) - Living AreaBusiness Room - Living AreaBusiness Room - Living AreaStandard Room (Guest) - Living AreaSuite (Golden Horn Panoramic) - Living AreaStandard Room (Guest) - Living AreaJunior Suite - Living AreaSuite (Golden Horn Panoramic) - Terrace/PatioSuite (Golden Horn Panoramic) - Terrace/PatioBusiness Room - BathroomSuite (Golden Horn Panoramic) - Jetted TubIndoor PoolIndoor PoolIndoor Spa TubIndoor Spa TubFitness FacilityFitness FacilityFitness FacilitySpaRestaurantRestaurantRestaurantHotel BarHotel BarHotel BarHotel InteriorMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityMeeting FacilityHotel EntranceHotel Front – Evening/NightHotel Front – Evening/NightHotel Front – Evening/NightCity View[1/57]Flag this image1 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul2 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Lobby3 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Lobby4 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Reception5 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Superior Room (Guest), Guest Room6 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Superior Room (Guest), Guest Room7 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Business Room, Guest Room8 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Standard Room (Guest), Guest Room9 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Superior Room (Guest), Guest Room10 - 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Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Business Room, Living Area24 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Superior Room (Guest), Living Area25 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Business Room, Living Area26 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Business Room, Living Area27 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Standard Room (Guest), Living Area28 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Suite (Golden Horn Panoramic), Living Area29 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Standard Room (Guest), Living Area30 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Junior Suite, Living Area31 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Suite (Golden Horn Panoramic), Terrace/Patio32 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Suite (Golden Horn Panoramic), Terrace/Patio33 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Business Room, Bathroom34 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Suite (Golden Horn Panoramic), Jetted Tub35 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Indoor Pool36 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Indoor Pool37 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Indoor Spa Tub38 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Indoor Spa Tub39 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Fitness Facility40 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Fitness Facility41 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Fitness Facility42 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Spa43 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Restaurant44 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Restaurant45 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Restaurant46 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Hotel Bar47 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Hotel Bar48 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Hotel Bar49 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Hotel Interior50 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Meeting Facility51 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Meeting Facility52 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Meeting Facility53 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Hotel Entrance54 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Hotel Front – Evening/Night55 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Hotel Front – Evening/Night56 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, Hotel Front – Evening/Night57 - Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul, City ViewMain amenities130 guestrooms2 restaurantsFull-service spaIndoor poolBreakfast availableHealth clubSelf parking24-hour business centerAirport shuttleCoffee/tea in a common areaAir conditioningDaily housekeepingFree WiFi For familiesChildren's poolRollaway/extra beds (surcharge)Connecting/adjoining rooms availableFree toiletriesDaily housekeepingLaundry facilitiesWhat’s aroundIn BeyogluSanatorium Gallery (0.1 mi / 0.2 km)Tunel Square (0.2 mi / 0.4 km)Galata Tower (0.4 mi / 0.6 km)Suleymaniye Mosque (1.6 mi / 2.5 km)Grand Bazaar (1.7 mi / 2.8 km)Check locationExcellent4.4 / 5RoomRoom is all rightLocationGreat locationServiceFantastic serviceWiFiGood internet service182See all 182 Hotels.com reviewsTripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 4.5From 719 reviewsTripAdvisor Traveller RatingEmailSaveShareHotels.com® RewardsBook this hotel and collect nights after your stayRadisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, IstanbulHotel Info: 866-539-8117 from $102Destination, hotel, landmark, or addressCheck inCheck out Rooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617Check availability Junior Suite SingleJunior SuiteSuperior Room (Guest)SuiteBusiness RoomStandard Room (Guest)Business Class Room SingleExecutive RoomStandard Room (Guest)Standard RoomSuperior Guest Room SingleSuperior Guest RoomStandard Guest Room SingleStandard RoomStandard Guest RoomSuperior RoomGolden Horn Executive Suite SingleGolden Horn Executive Suite SingleSuite (Golden Horn Panoramic)Golden Horn Terrace SuiteGolden Horn Terrace SuiteSuiteSuite, Terrace (Golden Horn)Business RoomBusiness Class RoomCheck availability More great choicesSee all hotels in IstanbulList viewMap viewSee all hotels in IstanbulAt a glanceKey factsHotel sizeThis hotel has 130 roomsThis hotel is arranged over 6 floorsArriving/leavingCheck-in time 3 PM-2 AMCheck-out time is noonExpress check-out24-hour airport shuttle service is available on request. Contact the property in advance to make arrangements. Hamdi, one of 2 onsite restaurants, is closed on Sundays. For more details, please contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.Required at check inCredit card or cash deposit required
Free WiFi and wired Internet access in roomsTransportationTransfersAirport shuttle (available 24 hours) * ParkingSelf parking *Check locationAlso known asIstanbul PeraPera IstanbulRadisson Blu Hotel Istanbul PeraRadisson Blu Hotel PeraRadisson Blu Hotel Pera IstanbulRadisson Blu Istanbul PeraRadisson Blu PeraPoliciesThe property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. Children under 18 years old are not allowed in the swimming pool, health club, fitness facility, or spa tub without adult supervision. Children under 18 years old are not allowed in the spa without adult supervision. For transfers, guests must contact the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation. Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments and can be made by contacting the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation. Optional extrasSelf parking costs TRY 15 per dayRollaway beds are available for TRY 96.6 per dayBuffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of TRY 15 Euro per person (approximately)Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of TRY 900 per vehicle (one way)Nearby Five Star Istanbul hotelsPalazzo Donizetti Hotel - Special Class4.5 starsExcellent4.0 / 5From $58Pera Palace Hotel, Jumeirah - Special Class5 starsOutstanding4.7 / 5From $166Tunel Residence5 starsGood3.8 / 5From $69$52DaruSultan Galata5 starsGood3.7 / 5From $90See more Five Star Istanbul hotelsIn the hotelFood and drinkBuffet breakfast daily (surcharge)2 restaurants Bar/lounge Coffee shop/café Snack bar/deli 24-hour room service Coffee/tea in a common area Things to doIndoor poolChildren's poolHealth clubFull-service spaSpa treatment room(s)Pilates classes on sitePool sun loungersSpa tubSteam roomSaunaWorking away24-hour business centerNumber of meeting rooms - 7Conference spaceMeeting rooms 5Conference space size (feet) - 3068Conference space size (meters) - 285ServicesConcierge servicesTours/ticket assistanceDry cleaning/laundry serviceLaundry facilitiesLuggage storagePorter/bellhopFacilitiesNumber of buildings/towers - 1Year Built 2012Elevator/liftSafe-deposit box at front deskTelevision in common areasAccessibilityAccessible bathroomIn-room accessibilityRoll-in showerIn the roomHome comfortsIn-room climate control (air conditioning)Air conditioningMinibarCoffee/tea makerBathrobesSlippersIron/ironing boardSleep wellHypo-allergenic bedding availableSoundproofed roomsPillowtop mattressFreshen upRainfall showerheadDesigner toiletriesHair dryerBe entertainedPay movies Stay connectedDeskFree WiFiPhoneFood and drinkFree bottled waterMoreDaily housekeepingIn-room safe (laptop compatible)Connecting/adjoining rooms availableTop Istanbul hotelsIshak PasaOutstanding5.0 / 5From $333HammamhaneOutstanding5.0 / 5From $67Louis Appartements PeraOutstanding5.0 / 5From $81$41Wish More Hotel IstanbulOutstanding5.0 / 5Recently reviewed hotels in IstanbulTempo Suites Airport İstanbul3 starsExcellent4.5 / 5From $36"Nice hotel nice breakfast clean quiet close to airport "Jul 17, 2017Livello Hotel4 starsGood3.9 / 5From $41$35"We arrived too early to the hotel at 8 am. however, they offered us the room when we arrive without no additional cost. Room was clean and quite. Room is specious and comfortable."Jul 17, 2017Valide Sultan Konagi4 starsExcellent4.5 / 5From $53$43"it has been a great experience with a comfortable room"Jul 17, 2017Sultanhan Hotel - Special Class4 starsExcellent4.4 / 5From $287$110"Ideally situated just off the tram and Red Big Bus Route. Perfect walking distance to the Blue Mosque, Museums and Hagia Sofia and if energetic a slightly further trot in the…"Jul 17, 2017Nearby hotelsHotel Santa Pera3.5 starsFair2.3 / 5From $59Tulip by Molton Hotels4 starsGood3.7 / 5From $87$52City By Molton Hotels4 starsGood3.3 / 5From $74$44Pera 26No guest ratings yetFrom $23Also popular with travelers from the USASee all hotels in IstanbulList viewMap viewSee all hotels in IstanbulSpecial featuresSpaKarya SPA has 3 treatment rooms including rooms for couples. Services include deep-tissue massages, hot stone massages, facials, and body scrubs. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including aromatherapy and reflexology. The spa is equipped with a sauna, a spa tub, a steam room, and Turkish bath/hammam. Children under 18 years old are not allowed in the spa without adult supervision. DiningHamdi Restaurant - This restaurant specializes in Turkish cuisine. Guests can enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting). Reservations are required. Open select days. Steak 'N More Restaurant - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Reservations are required. Luna Lounge - This restaurant serves light fare only. Happy hour is offered. Open daily. Awards and affiliationsGreen / Sustainable Property This property participates in Green Key (nogle), a program that measures the property's impact on one or more of the following: environment, community, cultural-heritage, the local economy. Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, Istanbul’s small printAlso known asIstanbul PeraPera IstanbulRadisson Blu Hotel Istanbul PeraRadisson Blu Hotel PeraRadisson Blu Hotel Pera IstanbulRadisson Blu Istanbul PeraRadisson Blu PeraPoliciesThe property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. Children under 18 years old are not allowed in the swimming pool, health club, fitness facility, or spa tub without adult supervision. Children under 18 years old are not allowed in the spa without adult supervision. For transfers, guests must contact the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation. Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments and can be made by contacting the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation. Optional extrasSelf parking costs TRY 15 per dayRollaway beds are available for TRY 96.6 per dayBuffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of TRY 15 Euro per person (approximately)Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of TRY 900 per vehicle (one way)We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Radisson Blu Hotel Istanbul Pera, IstanbulIs the description of this hotel not correct? Tell usChoose one of the following to unlock Secret Prices and pay less on select hotels.EmailSign up for our latest offersHotels.com appDownload the app and book on the goHotels.com® RewardsJoin now! 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2 bedroom apartment for sale in Princes Road, Ferndown, BH22
www.rightmove.co.uk/property/75563518
Beautifully Presented in Virtually New Condition
Stylish Fully Fitted Kitchen Including Built-in Appliances
Guest Double bedroom With Built-in Wardrobe
This generous sized two double bedroom first floor apartment is impeccably presented in virtually new condition and located on the southern side of Victoria House benefiting from lots of natural light. The apartment benefits from an allocated parking space and a lift.
Ferndown offers a vibrant shopping centre with independent shops and businesses complemented by national retailers such as Tesco and Marks and Spencer Food. The town also boasts a championship golf course of 27 holes ranked within the top 100 courses in the UK and Ireland. Further amenities include sports centre and facilities, pubs and restaurants. Ferndown is conveniently located within close proximity of the market towns of Ringwood and Wimborne and has good road links to both Bournemouth and Poole.
Generous sized two double bedroom first floor apartment
Highly convenient town centre location Beautifully presented in virtually new condition
Contemporary open plan living room and kitchen with large south facing windows
Spacious master bedroom benefiting from fitted double wardrobes and large south facing window
Guest double bedroom also benefiting from built-in wardrobe and large south facing window
Gorgeous bathroom with stone floor, part tiled walls and white suite
Allocated parking space Security entry phone system, electric heating and double glazing
Maintenance approx. £700 pa and Ground Rent £250 pa
To view this media, please visit the on-line version of this page at www.rightmove.co.uk/property-for-sale/property-75563518.html?premiumA=true
Disclaimer - Property reference 102488013088. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Edwards , Ferndown. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.

value: This website is a UK-based company that runs rightmove.co.uk, the UK's largest online real estate portal and property website. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.


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Realty Assistant Jobs, Employment in Ohio
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We are seeking a happy, positive individual with computer and secretarial experience for a fast-paced real estate office. They must also possess superior
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General Purpose: This position will provide daily support for the Corporate Physician Business Center (CPBC). Responsibilities include greeting guests,
View all Mercy Health jobs in Cincinnati, OH - Cincinnati jobsSalary Search: Administrative Assistant salaries in Cincinnati, OHLearn more about working at Mercy HealthRelated forums: Administrative Assistant - Mercy Health - Cincinnati, Ohio
Operations Manager / Executive Assistant. This position will support the Pottebaum family businesses, Redknot Realty and Rainmaker Resources, and will report...
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General Manager, Assistant Manager. Controller, General Manager, Assistant Manager, Banquet Manager,....
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Get email updates for the latest Realty Assistant jobs in Ohio

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text:
The Worm and the Apple; Quieter / Cleaner; Wheeeee - The New York Times
Archives|The Worm and the Apple; Quieter / Cleaner; Wheeeee
https://nyti.ms/29QbGni
The Worm and the Apple; Quieter / Cleaner; Wheeeee
July 22, 1983, Page 00022 The New York Times Archives
We'd like to offer our first prospective apple - a carrot, it might be called - to the member of the New York City Council who can induce the city to prohibit that most annoying and useless nuisance of modern urban life: the automobile theft alarm.
Everyone knows the sound, a piercing ''wheeeee'' that goes off when a thief tries to break in, or more likely when it rains or someone leans against the car. False alarm or not, the wail carries for blocks, day or night, and wakes or worries hundreds of neighborhood residents. And for what? Is there a beneficial trade-off?
No. It turns out that the auto alarms, which cost about $200, have done little to deter auto thefts, of which there were 107,430 in the city last year. The police answered 21,141 audible outside alarm calls last year, many of them auto alarms, many of them false.
The car alarms are such a nuisance that for 10 years New York City has required that they may not sound for longer than 10 minutes and that people who install them must display in the car a telephone number where they can be reached in case the alarm trips while they are away.
That is to laugh: as though 10 minutes of wailing will wake you any less surely than 20. In any case, the law is difficult to enforce. The police issue summonses returnable at the Environmental Control Board. But who's to say when the allotted 10 minutes of noise began? Fines range from $100 to $400 - but throughout the last fiscal year, only an estimated 50 were ever paid.
The question about these alarms is not whether enforcement can make them less of a nuisance. It's whether the damnable devices do enough good to be worth tolerating in the first place. No, it appears with rising clarity. The police, big auto insurers and auto-theft investigative agencies, asked to compare the noisemaking alarms with those that block access to the engine or cut off fuel or ignition, say they believe the ''quiet'' cutoff devices are more effective, especially against experienced thieves.
All auto insurers who operate in New York State must give discounts for cars with theft-deterrent devices. But Allstate and State Farm, two of the biggest, are beginning to reappraise whether any such alarms, quiet or not, warrant discounts.
We're all for deterring auto theft. We're also all for promoting public peace. But what a poor bargain auto alarms are. They greatly disturb the peace while barely inconveniencing the thief. An apple, a silence-is-golden apple, to the Council member who can ban them.
A version of this editorial appears in print on July 22, 1983, on Page A00022 of the National edition with the headline: The Worm and the Apple; Quieter / Cleaner; Wheeeee. Today's Paper|Subscribe

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Report this review Delstin P.
I think bungalow 3 where we stayed is best for its view overlooking the ocean. Report this review Marjati L.
It was nice bungalow I ever stay in. - Great bungalow, afforable price with a very nice view. FrienNice cottages, friendly staff - We planned to stay 2 days in Amed but ended up staying a whoNice Hotel, great location and view. - owner of the hotel is little annoying. will stop you every tReasonable off the beach spot - We paid around for a family room overlooking the pool at Be

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Super Scrabble Deluxe Edition Rotating Game Word Board Raised Grid, 200 Letter | eBay
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text: Hunting, Killing, & Cooking Water MoccasinStaff / NorthAmericanFisherman.com PlayRat Hunting In EPIC SLOW MO!Gayne C. Young / Outdoors Digital EditorPlayJaguar Hunting In Paraguay!Gayne C. Young / Outdoors Digital EditorPlayTOP 10 WILD BOAR CHARGES!Gayne C. Young / Outdoors Digital EditorPlaySwan Attack!Staff / NorthAmericanFisherman.com PlayStabilizing Your BowThis accessory can save you some serious grief when you most need it.by NAH StaffNorth American HunterYesterday at 7:04 AMCalling in a Black BearThere's nothing like the charge of a boar to a predator call. Melissa is about to find that out.by NAH StaffNorth American HunterYesterday at 6:24 AMViper Strike In SLO MO!It strikes at 20 feet PER SECOND!by StaffNorth American HunterTuesday at 7:53 AMThe Ultimate Turkey GunYou turkey fanatics may want to put this on your wish list.by NAH StaffNorth American HunterTuesday at 7:52 AMYou Call the Shots: Kansas WhitetailThis animal is obviously in a stance that suggests it's ready to bolt. You call the shot.by NAH StaffNorth American HunterTuesday at 7:39 AMDIY PVC BlowgunWatch out neighborhood bunnies!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter7:38 AMCalling All Dogs!We asked for dog pics...These loyal NAH readers sent us some!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter7:02 AMSidewinder MOLLE Battle BeltThe new Sidewinder is the platform for taking afield!by StaffNorth American HunterYesterday at 12:17 PMInterview: High Heel HuntressNAH Editor Gayne C. Young sits down with the founders of High Heel Huntressby Gayne C. YoungNorth American HunterYesterday at 11:00 AMCircle HooksThat next fish you release just might thank you for using a Circle Hook.by NAFNorth American HunterYesterday at 6:32 AMFirst Shot!NAH Staff Writer Larry Weishuhn talks that all important First Shot!by Larry WeishuhnNorth American HunterTuesday at 8:11 AMUse Of Warfarin Approved To Control Wild HogsNAH Staff Writer Luke Clayton looks at Texas' new weapon in the war on boar!by Luke ClaytonNorth American HunterTuesday at 8:03 AMOVERLAND: Avtoros Shaman 8 x 8Over 20 feet of Overland Dream!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American HunterTuesday at 7:16 AMHow To Build A Teepee FireIt's easy to build and it could save your life.by StaffNorth American HunterTuesday at 7:08 AMTrending on ScoutJaguar Hunting In Paraguay!Circle HooksInterview: High Heel HuntressRat Hunting In EPIC SLOW MO!Sidewinder MOLLE Battle BeltEarly Archery BullsEven though it was early season, the bulls came charging to the calls.by NAH StaffNorth American HunterMonday at 6:40 AMThe Art of Decoying BucksDecoys aren't just for the birds anymore.by NAH StaffNorth American HunterMonday at 6:29 AMYou Won't Believe What Dragged Away!The unbelievable just happened...by StaffNorth American HunterFriday at 11:57 AMYou’ll Want This Cobra…Where's Rikki-Tikki-Tavi when ya' need 'em?!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American HunterFriday at 10:06 AMAlaska Grizzly AdventureJoin the legendary Mr. Weishuhn on a big game hunt of the highest order.by NAH StaffNorth American HunterFriday at 8:03 AMYou Call the Shots - River Bottom BuckYou call the shot on this South Dakota bruiser.by NAH StaffNorth American HunterFriday at 7:37 AMReal Hunting?How a picture of a blind turned hunter against hunter.by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/16/2017ForumsIS IT TRUE, TRUMP PRESIDENT ELECT 274 to 218by: ckell211/09/2016Tell Me. What Do You Think Of Our President So Far?by: mcalcagno401/31/2017OVERLAND: Mercedes-Maybach G650A new Overland Dream from Mercedes-Maybach.by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/16/2017Trying The New GP100 .44 SpecialLet's see how the new Ruger GP100 handelsby StaffNorth American Hunter02/16/2017EXPLODING Arrowhead!Do they hit with a BANG or a whimper?by StaffNorth American Hunter02/16/2017Mock Scrape PlanningIf you plan to put in the effort, make a plan. You'll thank yourself come fall.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/16/2017Wild Texas HogsThese feral hogs provide year-round hunting opportunities and help out ranches in need.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/16/2017What The Hell Camo!This Camo is INSANE and INSANELY priced!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/15/2017460 Magnum ONE HANDED!Firing a beast of a hand cannon!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/15/2017Don't Lose Your Marbles...Cuz you can use them to hunt!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/15/2017OVERLAND: TAXA TigerMoth TrailerCamp and hunt in mobile comfort!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/15/2017Hunting Black Death With J, Alain SmithProfessional Hunter J. Alain Smith goes after Black Death...Lots of Black Death!by StaffNorth American Hunter02/15/2017Trick Shooting From A...Wheelchair!Unbelievable shots!by StaffNorth American Hunter02/15/2017First PronghornThere's nothing quite like your first one.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/15/2017Mule Deer StalkerSometimes your only hope of getting into bow range is the belly crawl.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/15/2017Trucker's Friend Survival ToolDon't let the name fool ya'! This tool is for EVERYONE!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/14/2017OVERLAND: Kahn Double Cab TruckAnother Overland Dream vehicle!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/14/2017Range Dates: Great Valentine’s Day IdeasNAH Staff Writer Daphane Cassidy drops some great Valentine's tips!by StaffNorth American Hunter02/14/2017Duck Hunt of a LifetimeThis rare opportunity lasts only half a day for the lucky few with a permit.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/14/2017The Ultimate Hunting DestinationHunt bear, moose and caribou without all the crowds, logistics, and red tape.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/14/2017Courteney BootsAll the "Experts" agree on these boots!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/14/2017Use Trail Cams To Aid Your Shed HuntsUse your trailcam intel to aid in your search for sheds.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/13/2017Quebec Caribou HuntBill Miller's off to Quebec to hunt caribou with his pal Gregory the Outdoor Promotions Manager for Quebec Tourism.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/13/2017Mouflon Realities, Wolverine DreamsOur Editor's son has big hunting dreams!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/13/2017One RifleNAH Staff Writer Larry Weishuhn looks at one of the most versatile riflesby Larry WeishuhnNorth American Hunter02/13/2017Late Winter Trip For Hogs And Hawgs!NAH Staff Writer Luke Clayton hits the shore and the lake for a double header!by Luke ClaytonNorth American Hunter02/13/2017A Tale of Two Elk HuntsHere are two very different hunts that offer the same result.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/10/2017You Call The Shots: 2 Coyote HuntsIn this segment of You Call The Shots Dave, Gordy and Mark discuss two different coyote scenarios.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/10/2017OVERLAND: Rain Prisk Off-Road ConceptsCuz that Jeep of yours ain't near as fast as a Ferrari!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/10/2017Ain't No Mountain High Enough 4NAH Editor Gayne Young is back on track in his attempt to get in hunt shapeby Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/10/2017Decline In GuntersvilleNorth American Fisherman Staff Writer Zach Taylor's pre-2013 report showed 30 pound bags such as this were fairly common. Now they are rare.by StaffNorth American Hunter02/10/2017Cap N' Ball Nails Target At 200 MetersWe can't even see that far!by StaffNorth American Hunter02/09/2017Bacon Wrapped VenisonPut that meat to fine dinning use!by StaffNorth American Hunter02/09/2017Find The 12 Soldiers Before They Shoot You!Camo is the name of the game!by StaffNorth American Hunter02/09/2017Ain't No Mountain High Enough 3Things get chilly for NAH Editor Gayne Young on his way back to hunt shapeby Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/09/2017Texas BowfishingThe North American Hunter crew headed down to Texas for some summer fun bow fishing on Sam Rayburn.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/09/2017ATV Winch TipsIf your shopping for a winch, stop here first.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/09/2017What Beast's Killing Washington Cattle?What's been killing cattle in Washington state?by StaffNorth American Hunter02/08/2017VSSL SuppliesThis canister has it all!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/08/2017J. Alain Knows What You Should ALWAYS CARRY!Professional Hunter J.Alain Smith shares the tips ya' need to know!by StaffNorth American Hunter02/08/2017Review: SOG Scout 24On a scale of One to 10...it's a 24!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/08/2017Stopping a Moving DeerHow do YOU stop a moving deer?by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/08/2017Cold Weather DucksBraving the cold can be oh so fruitful...by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/08/2017Ain't No Mountain High Enough 2Day 2 of our Editor's attempt to get back in hunt shape!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/08/2017Ain't No Mountain High EnoughThat's a lie. There are several mountains that are too high.by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/07/2017TuffTruck BagTuff is Tough!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/07/2017Killer Cannibalistic Chimps!Our closet cousin ladies and gentlemen.by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/07/2017Elite Tactical Messenger BagThis ain't no sissy book bag!by Gayne C. YoungNorth American Hunter02/07/2017Hunter's Guide to Fighting InvasivesHunters are on the front line to stopping the spread of invasive species.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/07/2017Growing Older As A SportsmanWhen we get older, there are things we can do in the outdoors and some things we probably shouldn’t. Learning the difference can make our “Golden Years” much more enjoyable, for…by Luke ClaytonNorth American Hunter02/07/2017No Warmups AllowedThink about it. That deer won't give you any warmup shots.by NAH StaffNorth American Hunter02/07/2017Load More

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Internet Archive Forums: Re: My Contributions disappeared
Mar 1, 2004 2:51am Forum:
Re: My Contributions disappeared I think you added them to Open Source Audio and they were deleted from there. The files are still in your upload folder right? Reply to this post
MudderBug Date:
Mar 1, 2004 3:06am Forum:
Re: My Contributions disappeared thanks for tolerating the stupid question jon, looks all set now.
Mar 1, 2004 10:12am Forum:
Re: My Contributions disappeared Hmm I've got one that went missing this morning and isn't showing up for me on this link:
http://www.archive.org/audio/etree-details-db.php?id=10631
but etree 17 is showing as up and it's showing there are currently two people downloading the show?? Reply to this post
Mar 1, 2004 2:55am Forum:
Re: My Contributions disappeared thanks - you confirmed my fears. i thought i remember it not "feeling" the same ( i recall seeing open source audio and going "hmmm...")
at the time, i wrote it off to the new vaporizer i got, but i'll see what I can do in my newfound state of clarity... thanks.

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John Lawlor Jolley (1840-1926) - Find A Grave Memorial
14 Dec 1926 (aged 86)
7180880 · View Source
US Congressman. Elected to represent South Dakota as At-Large in the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1891 to 1893. Also served as a Member of the Dakota Territorial House of Representatives in 1867, Alternate Delegate to Republican National Convention from Dakota Territory in 1868, Member of Dakota Territorial Council from 1874 to 1876, Mayor of Vermillion, South Dakota, in 1877, and Member of the South Dakota State Senate in 1889.
Harriet Jane Grange Jolley
1851–1932 (m. 1874)
Charles Joseph Jolley
Frances D Jolley Dillon
Charles William Jolley
Mary Lawler Jolley
Planning a visit to Bluff View Cemetery?
How famous was John Lawlor Jolley?
Find A Grave Memorial 7180880
Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for John Lawlor Jolley (14 Jul 1840–14 Dec 1926), Find A Grave Memorial no. 7180880, citing Bluff View Cemetery, Vermillion, Clay County, South Dakota, USA ; Maintained by Find A Grave .
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Plan A Trip to Bluff View Cemetery

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Breaking down LSU vs. West Virginia - Big East Blog - ESPN
Breaking down LSU vs. West Virginia
The ESPN Stats & Information group does an amazing job each week breaking down key areas in the biggest games of the week. It is no different this week as it previews LSU at West Virginia. Take a look at some of these great stats, which could be huge factors in the game.
One of the biggest matchups will be the LSU secondary against the West Virginia downfield passing game. LSU has allowed only two completions on throws of 15 yards or longer this season, while West Virginia has 14 such completions, including five touchdowns.
West Virginia Offense vs. LSU Defense, Throws Of 15+ Yards, 2011
WVU Off
LSU Def
*0-5, Int vs. blitz
How often does LSU blitz? The Tigers have sent five or more pass-rushers on 39.2 percent of opponents’ drop backs this season. Opposing quarterbacks are averaging 3.1 yards per attempt and completing just one pass thrown beyond 10 yards.
Can Geno Smith handle the heat? Smith has improved against the blitz in 2011, completing 61.5 percent of his passes when opponents send five or more pass-rushers, including 9-of-15 for 132 yards in a win at Maryland last week. In four losses, Smith completed just 48.3 percent of his passes against the blitz, averaging 3.9 yards an attempt, with one touchdown to two interceptions.
Coach Dana Holgorsen is known for his unique formations. One is to have his quarterback in shotgun with multiple running backs in the backfield. In three games this season, Smith has gone 27-of-39 for 295 yards with three touchdowns and no interceptions out of that formation.
West Virginia already has 17 completions of 20-plus yards in 2011, fifth most in FBS. Last season, West Virginia only had 35 completions of the same distance in 13 games. Smith’s progress will be tested against LSU, a team that he was 0-6 against with an interception on throws longer than 10 yards.
Smith has faked a run before 24.6 percent of his passes this season. He has used play-action effectively, averaging almost 10 yards per throw and five of his seven touchdowns have come after a play-action fake. Smith has completed 65.5 percent of his passes following a play-action fake.
Tags:West Virginia Mountaineers, Geno Smith, Dana Holgorsen, LSU Tigers
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Candidates Hit Bonanza At Crab Feast on Shore - The Washington Post
Candidates Hit Bonanza At Crab Feast on Shore
Maryland gubernatorial candidate Theodore G. Venetoulis was nervously pacing the sidelines, calculating how to effectively penetrate the crowd of several hundred crab-eaters gathered under blue-and-white tents here at the J. Millard Tawes Annual Crab and Clam Bake for a day of seafood and politicking.
"I'm anxious standing still," Venetoulis, the Baltimore County executive, told an aide. "I'm ready to plunge. I think in about five minutes you're going to see the plunge. Do I go, or do I stay?"
Venetoulis finally plunged into the crowd, Shaking hands, kissing women and passing out bumper stickers. It was an act performed in varying degrees by almost every candidate for statewide office in Maryland this year. At least 15 of them descended on this town about 35 miles from Salisbury yesterday and helped turn the Tawes crab feast into a political convention.
The crab feast, thrown for the dapper 84-year-old former governor who is known hereabouts as teh "squire of Crisfield," provided an excellent chance for candidates to campaign among residents of the sparsely populated Eastern Shore who are normally hard to find in large groups.
Crab feasts are a ritual of Maryland politics, especially on the Eastern Shore where the crab is highly regarded both as a rich source of food and as a livelihood for the area's watermen.
"If you were in Iowa, they'd be roasting a steer," explained Baltimore City Council President Walter S. Orlinsky, a candidate for governor, whose staff placed campaign literature on windshields of parked cars at yesterday's affair. "In Maryland we eat crabs. Everyone who comes into contact with the Cheasapeake Bay and its fruits.
Acting Gov. Blair Lee III, a stately man who is often teased about eating his hard shell crabs with a knife and fork was a first gubernatorial candidate tgo greet crowds as they arrived at the American Legion grounds on the banks of Tangier Sound.

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Double First Class University Plan - Wikipedia
Chinese university plan
The Double First Class University Plan or Double Top University Plan (Chinese: 双一流; pinyin: shuāngyīliú)[1][2] is a Chinese government plan conceived in 2015[3] to comprehensively develop a group of elite Chinese universities and individual university departments into world-class universities and disciplines by the end of 2050.[4]
The full list of the sponsored universities and disciplines was published in September 2017, which includes 42 first class universities (36 Class A schools and six Class B schools) and 465 first class disciplines (spread among 140 schools including the first class universities).[5][1]
It was unclear whether this plan represents a new way of ranking universities in China,[4] or replaces Project 211, Project 985, or the C9 League.[5]
Map of the double first class universities in China
1 Double First Class Universities
1.1 Class A (36 universities)
1.2 Class B (6 universities)
1.3 Double first class disciplines universities (95 universities)
Double First Class Universities[edit]
The lists of Class A, Class B, and Double Class discipline universities were issued by Chinese Ministry of Education without any ranking within the lists (by "school code").[1] These lists follow in alphabetical order:
Class A (36 universities)[edit]
Class A by province
Minzu University of China (中央民族大学)
Ocean University of China (中国海洋大学)
Class B (6 universities)[edit]
Class B by province
Northwest A&F University (西北农林科技大学)
Double first class disciplines universities (95 universities)[edit]
Double first class disciplines universities by province
Beijing Sport University (北京体育大学)
Central Academy of Fine Arts (中央美术学院)
Chengdu University of Technology (成都理工大学)
Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (成都中医药大学)
China Academy of Art (中国美术学院)
China Conservatory of Music (中国音乐学院)
China University of Geosciences (Beijing) (中国地质大学(北京))
China University of Geosciences (中国地质大学(武汉))
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) (中国矿业大学(北京))
China University of Petroleum (Beijing) (中国石油大学(北京))
China University of Petroleum (Huadong) (中国石油大学(华东))
Hefei University of Technology (合肥工业大学)
Huazhong Agricultural University (华中农业大学)
Ningbo University (宁波大学)
Ningxia University (宁夏大学)
North China Electric Power University (华北电力大学)
Peking Union Medical College (北京协和医学院)
People's Public Security University of China (中国人民公安大学)
Shanghai Ocean University (上海海洋大学)
Shanghai University of Sport (上海体育学院)
Shihezi University (石河子大学)
Sichuan Agricultural University (四川农业大学)
Southwest Petroleum University (西南石油大学)
The Fourth Military Medical University (第四军医大学)
Tibet University (西藏大学)
University of Science & Technology Beijing (北京科技大学)
Golden Triangle (English universities), a group of elite universities in the UK
Russell Group, a grouping of research intensive universities in the UK
Project 211, an earlier program for recognizing top Chinese universities
Project 985, another set of top Chinese universities
C9 League, a network of 9 elite Chinese universities
Canadian U15, a group of 15 research intensive universities in Canada
^ a b c "教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知 (Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines)" (in Chinese).
^ "Implementation measures released for China's new world-class university policy".
^ "Print China sets direction for world class universities".
^ a b "China to develop 42 world-class universities". People's Daily. September 21, 2017.
^ a b "双一流大学 (shuāngyīliú dàxué): Double top university plan".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Double_First_Class_University_Plan&oldid=910754342"
This page was last edited on 14 August 2019, at 06:46 (UTC).

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text:
Patent US4087716 - Multi-layer element consisting of piezoelectric ceramic laminations and ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA multi-layer element consisting of piezoelectric ceramic laminations possesses partially overlapping metal layers which are electrically connected to one another. Adjacent metal layers can each be connected to different poles of a voltage source, the laminations within the overlap zone of the metal...http://www.google.com/patents/US4087716?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4087716 - Multi-layer element consisting of piezoelectric ceramic laminations and method of making sameAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS4087716 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/719,093Publication dateMay 2, 1978Filing dateAug 31, 1976Priority dateSep 22, 1975Also published asDE2542228B1Publication number05719093, 719093, US 4087716 A, US 4087716A, US-A-4087716, US4087716 A, US4087716AInventorsWalter HeywangOriginal AssigneeSiemens AktiengesellschaftExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Referenced by (40), Classifications (10) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMulti-layer element consisting of piezoelectric ceramic laminations and method of making same
US 4087716 AAbstract
1. A multi-layer element comprisinga plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers stacked one upon the other including a first end layer and a second end layer, a plurality of metal layers, a first of said metal layers carried on the outer surface of said first end layer of the stack, a second metal layer carried on the outer surface of said second end layer of the stack, and the other metal layers intermediate said ceramic layers, alternate ones of said metal layers overlapping in a central portion of the stack, the stack having portions outboard of the overlapped portions, a first electrical connection between said first metal layer and some of said other metal layers, a second electrical connection between said second metal layer and the alternate metal layers between said some metal layers, adjacent piezoelectric layers polarized in opposite directions in the central portion of the stack, and all of said piezoelectric layers polarized in the same direction in the outboard portions of the stack. Description
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Patent US5862923 - Self-facing shelf slide - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA shelf slide and shelf using a plurality of such slides is shown. The slides are releasably securable to wire supports used to form a display shelf. The slides are made of an extruded material having a lower coefficient of friction than the shelf wires and facilitate the movement of product on the shelf...http://www.google.com/patents/US5862923?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5862923 - Self-facing shelf slideAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5862923 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/568,215Publication dateJan 26, 1999Filing dateDec 6, 1995Priority dateDec 18, 1992Fee statusPaidPublication number08568215, 568215, US 5862923 A, US 5862923A, US-A-5862923, US5862923 A, US5862923AInventorsLeslie M. Nordquist, Howard J. Fredrickson, James E. Kovacs, Mark H. SickmanOriginal AssigneeCannon Equipment CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (3), Referenced by (10), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSelf-facing shelf slideUS 5862923 AAbstract A shelf slide and shelf using a plurality of such slides is shown. The slides are releasably securable to wire supports used to form a display shelf. The slides are made of an extruded material having a lower coefficient of friction than the shelf wires and facilitate the movement of product on the shelf from the rear of the shelf to the front of the shelf under the force of gravity. A universal mounting device for permitting the use of a particularly sized shelf with existing shelf support framework where the existing framework is not sized to support the particularly sized shelf. An air baffle mountable on each shelf is also shown for reducing air flow around the shelves for preventing frost formation on refrigerated products.
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