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Become a Badass Manifestor Tickets, Sat, Apr 29, 2017 at 10:00 AM | Eventbrite
by Kelsey J Patel
360 South La Brea Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90036 View Map
You are manifesting right now, whether you know it or not. Your thoughts inform every action building the way your life looks and feels. Are you a conscious or unaware manifestor? That’s the question.What:
During this Saturday morning workshop, Kelsey and Ryan come together to combine their unique talents and guide you through a series of key identifiers, meditation, EFT, reiki and more to help you see the real life you want reflected back to you. You'll look at all the crap getting in the way of how you most want to feel - the things that weigh you down, trigger your anxiety and motivate you to create less than inspired career and relationship choices. They will help you see what you can’t. During the workshop, you will clean out those blocks so you have the space to get clear on what you want, how you want to manifest and where you want to go from here in your life. They will help open you up to more possibility than you may have ever imagined for yourself. From there, you will explore and identify what immediate and long term actions need to be taken. Each participant will receive an energetic crystal to support these actions and shifts, along with a written plan to work with, live by and assist in the manifesting that takes place. The intention:
You, like all of us, are here to recognize that you are so much more than what your brain tells you. You are more than your body, your personality, your past. You are here to remember that you are All of Life. It's up to you to take action accordingly to create the miraculous life you crave and be the badass manifestor that you really are inside. ABOUT RYAN AND KELSEY:
Ryan Weiss is LA's highly sought after Performance Coach for Creatives, leading his clients on a three month journey from anxiety to freedom, self loathing to confidence, sticky blocks to creative inspiration. His methodology combines ancient meditation practices with cutting edge wellness, movement, motivation and psychology to promote powerful thinking and committed action. His clients tap back into WHY they do what they do to access a newfound connection with a creativity that solves the problems at hand. Ryan is a certified Kundalini Yoga and Meditation Teacher as well an expert on the teachings of various wisdom traditions focusing mostly on the metaphysical text A Course In Miracles.
Kelsey J. Patel is one of Hollywood’s leading wellness and reiki experts. She has dedicated her life’s work to helping her clients live vibrant, joy-filled and abundant lives. Through her public speaking, Fortune 500 consulting, workshops, classes, and private client sessions, she utilizes various techniques to bring about healing, clarity, relaxation, purpose, awareness, inspiration and motivation to her clients. Her work includes empowerment coaching, reiki, meditation, intuitive healing, mindfulness exercises and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique). Read more

value: This website is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events.


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Poland, 1919, Fi 85B -> 96B, MH* Errors! | eBay
Details about Poland, 1919, Fi 85B -> 96B, MH* Errors!
“Mint, hinged”
182369411403
Last updated on 25 Oct, 2017 04:11:31 BST View all revisions
Type: Set Quality: Mint Hinged
Poland, 1919, Fi 85B -> 96B, MH* Errors! Poland, 1919, Fi 85B -> 96B, MH* Errors!

type: global

value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
Patent US6643727 - Isolation of I/O bus errors to a single partition in an LPAR environment - Google Patents
A method, system, and apparatus for isolating an input/output (I/O) bus error, received from an I/O adapter, from the other I/O adapters that may be in different partitions within a logically partitioned data process system is provided. In one embodiment, the logically partitioned data processing system...http://www.google.com/patents/US6643727?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6643727 - Isolation of I/O bus errors to a single partition in an LPAR environment
Publication number US6643727 B1
Application number US 09/589,664
Publication number 09589664, 589664, US 6643727 B1, US 6643727B1, US-B1-6643727, US6643727 B1, US6643727B1
Inventors Richard Louis Arndt, Steven Mark Thurber
Isolation of I/O bus errors to a single partition in an LPAR environment
US 6643727 B1
JPH113294A * Title not available
US7134052 * May 15, 2003 Nov 7, 2006 International Business Machines Corporation Autonomic recovery from hardware errors in an input/output fabric
US7549090 Aug 22, 2006 Jun 16, 2009 International Business Machines Corporation Autonomic recovery from hardware errors in an input/output fabric
US9026865 * Jun 11, 2012 May 5, 2015 Unisys Corporation Software handling of hardware error handling in hypervisor-based systems
US9176756 * May 23, 2013 Nov 3, 2015 Renesas Electronics Corporation Computer system
US9612909 * Oct 20, 2015 Apr 4, 2017 Renesas Electronics Corporation Computer system
US20060279264 * Aug 22, 2006 Dec 14, 2006 O2Micro International Limited Method Circuitry and Electronic Device for Controlling a Variable Output DC Power Source
US20130332922 * Jun 11, 2012 Dec 12, 2013 Mehdi Entezari Software handling of hardware error handling in hypervisor-based systems
US20130332925 * May 23, 2013 Dec 12, 2013 Renesas Electronics Corporation Computer system
US20160041883 * Oct 20, 2015 Feb 11, 2016 Renesas Electronics Corporation Computer system
WO2012016931A1 Jul 29, 2011 Feb 9, 2012 International Business Machines Corporation Determination of one or more partitionable endpoints affected by an i/o message
U.S. Classification 710/314, 714/43, 710/15, 714/44, 714/6.13

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


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BBB Business Profile | The Yard Experts, Inc.
Home > Arizona > San Tan Valley > Landscape Contractors > The Yard Experts, Inc.
3506 E. Sage Brush Avenue
San Tan Valley, AZ 85140-9173
(480) 987-6112
gaby@theyardexperts.com
wendy@theyardexperts.com
http://www.ethicalaz.com/theyardexpertsinc
Ms. Gabriela Chacon, Secretary
Ms. Paulina A. Chacon, Associate
Ms. Wendy Couture, Office Manager
This company offers landscape contracting, irrigation repairs, lawn maintenance and tree removal and trimming services.
The Yard Experts, Inc. has received 5 out of 5 stars based on 7 Customer Reviews and a BBB Rating of A+.

value: This website is a private, nonprofit organization whose self-described mission is to focus on advancing marketplace trust, consisting of 106 independently incorporated local BBB organizations in the United States and Canada, coordinated under the International Association of Better Business Bureaus  in Arlington, Virginia.The Better Business Bureau is not affiliated with any governmental agency. Businesses that affiliate with the BBB and adhere to its standards do so through industry self-regulation.


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An elegie upon the death of that famous and faithful minister and martyr, Mr. James Renwick : composed immediately after his execution at Edinburgh. February 17th. 1688. (eBook, 1690) [WorldCat.org]
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/606904146 Title: An elegie upon the death of that famous and faithful minister and martyr, Mr. James Renwick : composed immediately after his execution at Edinburgh. February 17th. 1688. Author: Alexander Shields Publisher: [Edinburgh] : [publisher not identified], Printed in the year 1688. Edinburgh, re-printed 1690. OCLC:606904146
An elegie upon the death of that famous and faithful minister and martyr, Mr. James Renwick : composed immediately after his execution at Edinburgh. February 17th. 1688.
[Edinburgh] : [publisher not identified], Printed in the year 1688. Edinburgh, re-printed 1690.
Renwick, James, -- 1662-1688 -- Early works to 1800.
Martyrdom -- Early works to 1800.
Renwick, James, -- 1662-1688.
James Renwick; James Renwick; James Renwick
606904146
Add tags for "An elegie upon the death of that famous and faithful minister and martyr, Mr. James Renwick : composed immediately after his execution at Edinburgh. February 17th. 1688.". Be the first.
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An elegie upon the death of that famous and faithful minister and martyr, Mr. James Renwick : composed immediately after his execution at Edinburgh. February 17th. 1688./Alexander Shields; [Edinburgh] : [publisher not identified], Printed in the year 1688. Edinburgh, re-printed 1690.

value: This website is a union catalog that itemizes the collections of 15,637 libraries in 107 countries that participate in the OCLC global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc.


text:
Vintage Silver Plate Covered Vegetable Dish-Priesner Silver | Etsy
From the Priesner Silver Company of Wallingford, CT. this lovely silver plated vegetable server will be a great addition to your table especially during the holidays! It has initials of C.T. on the top, and marked P. S. Co. for Priesner on the back with EPNS-indicating silver plate.
The base measures 11 x 5 1/2" and 1 5/8" deep. The top, including the handles measures 11 1/2 x 4 1/4" and 1 3/4" deep. This would be great for vegetables, rolls, or any number of things.
Vintage Hand Painted Mug with Fluted Base
Vintage Sternauware New York Quadruple Ware Condiment Set
Antique Non-Flint Adams & Co. EAPG Individual Open Salts
Vintage W J MYATT & Co. Ltd. Silver Plate Serving Spoon and Fork-Downton Abbey
The Encyclopedia of the Horse-Alex Mackay-Smith-Chronicle of the Horse-1989
Antique Bronze Cast Long Belt-Game of Thrones, Goth, Indian,Reinactment
100% Wool Cashmere Scarf w/Hearts and Matching Mittens-Dress,Valentine's,Winter
The Horse in Sport-William C. Steinkraus, M.A. Stoneridge-1987-First Edition
Vintage Austrian Travel Chrome Collapsible Hangers-One Price for BOTH!
Country-Barbara Radcliffe Rogers-Collections, Recipes,Projects,Seasons, American,Handicrafts 1989
L'Annee Hippique-1988/1989-Olympic Edition-
ARTISAN Pure Silver Double Banded and Stamped Ring-

value: This website is an American e-commerce company focused on handmade or vintage items and craft supplies.


text:
BBB Business Profile | Lloyd's Automotive
> Lloyd's Automotive
(512) 858-0117
Lloyd Adams, Owner
This Business Is Not BBB Accredited Lloyd's Automotive
Lloyd's Automotive has received 0 out of 5 stars based on 0 Customer Reviews and a BBB Rating of A+.


text:
File:Gail Davies--Martin Guitar 1977.jpg - Wikipedia
File:Gail Davies--Martin Guitar 1977.jpg
Gail_Davies--Martin_Guitar_1977.jpg (381 × 480 pixels, file size: 28 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
DescriptionGail Davies--Martin Guitar 1977.jpg
English: Gail Davies promotional photo with her Martin D-28 guitar
Source Gail Davies
Author Lifesong Records
current 02:50, 30 May 2014 381 × 480 (28 KB) ChrisTofu11961 User created page with UploadWizard
Q1491218
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gail_Davies--Martin_Guitar_1977.jpg"

value: This website is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. It was founded on 15 January 2001 as Wikipedia's first edition and, as of October 2021, has the most articles of any edition, at 6,412,521.


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He's marching home to you | Library of Congress
Notated Music He's marching home to you
PDF JPEG JPEG (4347x5437px) JPEG (2173x2718px) JPEG (135x169px) TIFF
He's marching home to you
- by David J. Monroe. (statement of responsibility)
2013567914
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200207815/ (Online at:)
Notated Music. print | 1 score (3 pages) ; 34 cm | by David J. Monroe. (Statement Of Responsibility). For voice and piano. Manuscript in ink. Also available in digital form on the Library of Congress Web site. (Additional Physical Form). Staff notation. (Language). Print (Form). Unmediated (Form). Volume (Form).
https://lccn.loc.gov/2013567914
Monroe, David J. He's Marching Home to You . Monographic, 1911. Notated Music. https://www.loc.gov/item/2013567914/.
Monroe, D. J. (1911) He's Marching Home to You . Monographic. [Notated Music] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2013567914/.
Monroe, David J. He's Marching Home to You . Monographic, 1911. Notated Music. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2013567914/>.

value: This website is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States.


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Meet Chris Crocker: Britney's champion and YouTube sensation | Media | The Guardian
Meet Chris Crocker: Britney's champion and YouTube sensation
As a teenager, Christopher Cunningham discovered another persona simply by blinking on the internet. Now he is in the cyber stratosphere
Christopher Cunningham: 'I saw Chris Crocker as an outrageous, bitchy side of me. But the two people sort of joined together when I started being more honest.'
Saturday 20 August 2011 19.07 EDT
Last modified on Sunday 10 January 2016 02.01 EST
When Chris Crocker invited the world to stop and watch him while he blinked twice it might not have sounded like the most inviting offer. But Crocker's early video, posted on YouTube on 17 March 2008, was seen a million times within 48 hours and went on to clock up more than 7m hits in the months that followed.
Crocker, one of small but growing band of internet superstars, made his short film, Watch Chris Crocker Blink, to illustrate a point. He may have been unaware at the time of Andy Warhol's prediction about the future of celebrity, but the flamboyant American teenager, who sees himself as an internet artist, was demonstrating just how magnetic fame can be. "I only need to blink to get the [number of] views I do," he explained. And so it proved.
Now 24-year-old Crocker, real name Christopher Cunningham, has handed over the camera to a duo of documentary makers who are charting his rise from cult status to genuine internet fame to let it stand as an emblem of the strange new internet age of global communication. Chris Moukarbel and Valerie Veatch are raising money to make Me At The Zoo. Their film, which takes its name from the first ever clip on YouTube and numbers REM frontman Michael Stipe among its executive producers, is intended to show how the web can both expose personality and disguise it.
"There is a whole generation that is coming of age at this time who are able to share their life experiences with a totally unseen public through the internet," says Mourkarbel. "Chris wasn't able to find a real peer group in the physical world around him. In the past, before the internet, he would have probably have moved into the city in his teens to try to survive within some subculture, but the subculture he has found on line means he has been able to stay at home where he is, and anyway that subculture is now the mainstream."
Crocker began posting films he made alone in his bedroom in the Tennessee "Bible Belt" when he found himself marooned at home after a period of sustained bullying at school. Adopting a camp, outrageous personality for his online performances, he danced and screamed, talked about his homosexuality and even promoted the idea of an amnesty on swear words for the young in a video blog titled "Kids SHOULD Cuss", swiftly gaining a cult following. But it was his notorious Britney video blog, or "vlog", posted almost four years ago, that shot his name up into the cyber stratosphere.
Common advice to fledgling vloggers in the early days was to brush up on unlikely skills such as lip-synching, burping or gurning; Crocker, however, got there by the neat trick of simply revealing how he felt. Using the fake intimacy of a webcam broadcast, he expressed his deep frustration with the press and music industry for the way they were hounding Britney Spears during her breakdown.
His emotional posting, Leave Britney Alone, which culminates in an outburst of eye-liner-blurring tears, is now one of the most-viewed rants in human history with more than 40m hits to date. "All you people want is more, more, more, more!" he screeches. "You are lucky she even performs for you! Anyone who has a problem with her, you deal with me because she is not well right now!"
Since that day Crocker has had to defend his authenticity many times. This weekend he says he sees the documentary about him as a way of responding. "It will be an answer to all those people who questioned if it was all genuine," he says. When it comes to Britney's plight, he still believes that once she dropped her "plastic doll-like" image and tried to live "an average life" the media and show business industry turned on her.
In that original Britney posting Crocker lashed out at those who had criticised her onstage performance at the 2007 MTV video music awards. Still one of the most discussed video blogs of all time on the YouTube site, the notoriety it brought Crocker saw him invited on to news networks such as CNN and Fox News and interviewed on The Today Show and The Howard Stern Show. He also earned mentions on top-rated chat shows and was satirised by actor Seth Green, who applied eyeliner and urged the public to "Leave Chris Crocker alone!".
Initially, Crocker says, he separated his online personality from the teenager he was the rest of the time: "I saw Chris Crocker as an outrageous, bitchy side of me. But the two people sort of joined together when I started being more honest."
Now he is preparing to let Moukarbel and Veatch present a fresh version of this troubled performer. He knows he is part of the way they plan to explain the impact of changing technology on young people. "That is the most vulnerable thing about this film. Until now I have been in control of what I show, if not of how I am perceived. But I feel like this documentary is going to give me a chance to be less of a cartoon character, to show a more rounded person. I have always said I can only catch so much of myself by holding my digital camera out in front with my own arms."
He hopes, too, that the film-makers will show how his emotional reaction to Britney's meltdown was prompted by sadness over his own mother: "When I made that Britney video my mother was homeless through her drug use. It was at the height of her meth addiction so, because I saw my mother go through a lot of things like that, I felt I was speaking up for women that people give up on."
Crocker's grandparents have raised him since his mother gave birth to him in her mid-teens, he says: "They are really old-school religious, Pentecostal in fact, so they are in conflict with my liberalism. It has been difficult for them because a lot of what I do, people think is a reflection on them."
Now, at least, their shame at their grandson's explicit online contributions is reaping some reward. Crocker earns what he describes as a "comfortable" living from his cut of YouTube profits through their Partnership Programme. "I don't have a clue what I would have done without the internet. It is where I have found a job and an audience," he says, adding that he is "honoured" that Stipe is supportive. "He is a genius and what he does is so different to what I do, but he still gets it. So many people have written me off as a joke."
Crocker also makes music and has released several tracks, the latest of which, The First Bite, was released digitally on iTunes on 19 March 19 and has made number two in the electronic charts, he says.
Moukarbel and Veatch are appealing for extra funding to finish their film on the internet site Kickstarter, partly as a way of interacting with Crocker's millions of fans. "It is a great way for a project like this to reach them and get them involved," Moukarbel says. "We have a week and a half to go to reach the target and I think things usually pick up again at the end of the time."
The film will look at Crocker's early life then at the way that, unlike most vloggers, he became a celebrity. "We want to know what it is like to wake up every day and have tons of hate mail and threats from people he's never met. It happened to Chris at a time when there was no precedent for that, so he was a whipping boy in many ways."
The idiosyncratic internet star thinks he is now tough enough to ignore the insults. "It is just an extension of what I had at school," he says. "I was made fun of in kindergarten when I brought in Barbies for 'show and tell', so this is the same. I worry that other young people don't know what they are getting themselves into though, when they just post things about what they are doing in their day then receive posts telling them that they are ugly and fat and should kill themselves. It is not a place for someone who is insecure."
Although the documentary will tell a bleak story of teenage loneliness, it will also celebrate what Moukarbel calls Crocker's "raw courage". "He has lived his whole life in this unfiltered way now and he is symbolic of something. He is not interested in the fame really, it is a side product of what he really wants, which is to connect."

value: This website is a British news and media website owned by the Guardian Media Group. It contains nearly all of the content of the newspapers The Guardian and The Observer, as well as a substantial body of web-only work produced by its own staff, including a rolling news service.


text:
Stampings 165
Other Treasures/Vintage 68
6 PC Extra High Dome Fancy Filigree Bead Cap / Cone 12mm - PP04
Silver Plated Swarovski Crystal Rhinestone Chain (18 pp) - 1 Foot
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4 PC Victorian Brass Bead Cap / 8-10mm Beads - C0060
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1 PC Raw Brass Filigree / Large Dimensional Flower Finding - O0325
View all 12997 reviews
4 of 12997 reviews


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Patent US6975422 - Method for providing information for a customer replaceable unit - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA method and information system for informing a user about consumable components such as a CRU using printed documents in an electrostatographic system....http://www.google.com/patents/US6975422?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6975422 - Method for providing information for a customer replaceable unitAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6975422 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/740,505Publication dateDec 13, 2005Filing dateDec 19, 2000Priority dateDec 19, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020075500, US20050286070Publication number09740505, 740505, US 6975422 B2, US 6975422B2, US-B2-6975422, US6975422 B2, US6975422B2InventorsKarl E. Kurz, Daniel A. Chiesa, Tom W. ClaessensOriginal AssigneeXerox CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (25), Referenced by (5), Classifications (12), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod for providing information for a customer replaceable unit
US 6975422 B2Abstract
A method and information system for informing a user about consumable components such as a CRU using printed documents in an electrostatographic system.
installing a replaceable component in the printing machine, the replaceable component including a memory storage device, the memory storage device containing data including at least one identification code of the replaceable component;
electronically transferring at least one of the identification code of the replaceable component to the printing machine; and
printing a document including information on at least one of recycling and installing the replaceable component.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the memory storage device further comprises a contact for ordering a replacement replaceable component and printing a document including at least the identification code of the replaceable component and a contact for ordering a replacement replaceable component upon a condition in the replaceable component.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising sending an electronic mail message including at least one of the identification code of the replaceable component and a contact for ordering a replacement replaceable component to a computer.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising printing a document including information for at least one of returning, using, and installing the replaceable component.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising printing a document including information for use in a geographic market in which the replaceable component is destined.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising printing a document including information identifying a configuration of the replaceable component.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising printing a document including information for the replaceable component identifying at least one of: (a) manufacturer; (b) vendor; (c) third party; (d) equivalent apparatus and respective identification code; (e) phone number; and (f) facsimile number.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the replaceable component is at least one of a toner cartridge, developer cartridge, print cartridge, ink cartridge, printhead, and photoreceptor drum.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the replaceable component is a toner cartridge and wherein the memory storage device further comprises a contact for ordering a replacement toner cartridge and printing a document including at least the identification code of the toner cartridge and a contact for ordering a replacement toner cartridge.
10. A method for ordering a component comprising:
installing a replaceable unit in the printing machine, the replaceable unit comprising: (a) a container for containing a marking substance used in a printing process in the printing machine, the container having a first volume of substance prior to use in the printing machine and a second volume of substance less than the first volume after use; and (b) a memory storage device functionally associated with the container, the memory storage device including data about the replaceable unit;
transferring the data in the memory storage device to the printing machine; and
upon reaching a threshold volume of substance in the container, printing a human readable document, the human readable document indicating: information on at least one of recycling and installing the replaceable unit.
11. A method for ordering a component comprising:
providing a printing machine, the printing machine including a customer replaceable unit comprising a memory storage device, the memory storage device including data about the customer replaceable unit;
communicating the data in the customer replaceable unit with the printing machine; and
printing a human readable document including information on at least one of recycling and installing the replaceable unit after a condition occurs in the customer replaceable unit.
12. The method for ordering of claim 11 wherein the data comprises information for at least one of ordering, returning, using, and installing the customer replaceable unit and wherein the document comprises information for at least one of ordering, returning, using, and installing the customer replaceable unit.
13. A method for ordering a component for a printing apparatus comprising:
providing a replaceable unit including a memory containing data about the replaceable unit;
providing a printing apparatus; and
printing a document including at least a portion of the data, the data relating to at least one of recycling and installing a replacement replaceable unit.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the replaceable unit includes a first volume of a substance prior to use and a second volume of the substance less than the first volume after an increase in use.
15. The method of claim 13 further comprising printing a document containing information about a future disablement of the printing apparatus.
16. The method of claim 13 further comprising printing a log of previously printed documents about the replaceable unit.
17. The method of claim 13 further comprising printing at least one of: (a) an identification code for the replaceable unit; and (b) a phone number for ordering a replacement replaceable unit.
18. The method of claim 13 further comprising printing at least one of: (a) a URL address for electronic ordering of a replaceable unit; and (b) a URL address for obtaining instructions on obtaining a replacement replaceable unit.
19. The method for ordering a component of claim 13 further comprising printing at least one of: (a) a return address for recycling of the replaceable unit; and (b) a return label for recycling of the replaceable unit.
20. The method for ordering a component of claim 13 further comprising printing at least one of: (a) warranty information for the replaceable unit (b) notification of the replaceable unit being used beyond its warranted life, (c) date of manufacture of the replaceable unit; (d) pace of manufacture of the replaceable unit; and (e) a replacement instruction for the replaceable unit.
Reference is made to application, Ser. No. 09/740,603, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,584,290, entitled, SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION FOR A CUSTOMER REPLACEABLE UNIT, filed concurrently herewith, and the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention is directed to a method for informing a user of the status and characteristics of a product such as a consumable product. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a method for notifying a user, via a printing operation, that a customer replaceable unit (CRU) should be reordered. The method provides ready accessibility to a variety of information to aid the user in purchasing a replacement cartridge, bottle, printhead, or photoreceptor.
A user may be informed when a marking material in a CRU is at a level too low to confidently print any further jobs. Once a user is signaled of a problem, a further problem is that, at a time of recognized need, the user may not have the necessary information readily in their possession in order to make a decision with respect to a replacement CRU. For example, the user may not possess the manufacturer's recommended CRU replacement model, the user may not know where to order the CRU, the user may not have the CRU manufacturer or vendor(s) contact information, the user may not know how to remove and recycle the CRU, or the user may not know how to install the replacement CRU. Such beneficial information is most useful when a user is notified that a CRU will soon run out of a substance or when the CRU is at or near the end of its useful life.
In view of these problems, the present invention proposes a method and system which provides a user with various useful information concerning the CRU in the form of a printed document. The method and system makes the CRU information available to the user at the source of the problem, and at an identified time of need in the printing machine. The information is provided in one convenient place, in the form of a printed document.
Various monitoring systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,106,088; 6,016,409; 5,918,085; 5,636,032; 5,283,613; RE35,751; 5,272,503; 5,204,699; 5,204,698; 4,961,088; 4,908,666; 4,847,659; 4,468,112; and 3,409,901.
The present invention relates to embodiments of a system and methods which provide a user with useful information in the form of a printed document concerning, for example, the status, configuration, or availability of a CRU. The system provides a printed document to a user to identify a problem such as an imminent end of life of the CRU and aids the user in, for example, ordering a replacement CRU.
In aspects of the present invention, there is provided:
A method for providing information to a user comprising: providing a printing machine; installing a replaceable component in the printing machine, the replaceable component including a memory storage device, the memory storage device containing data including an identification code of the replaceable component; electronically transferring at least one of the identification code of the replaceable to the printing machine; and printing a document including at least the identification code of the replaceable component;
A method for ordering a component comprising: providing a printing machine; installing a replaceable unit in the printing machine, the replaceable unit comprising: (a) a container for containing a marking substance used in an printing process in the printing machine, the container having a first volume of substance prior to use in the printing machine and a second volume of substance less than the first volume after use; and (b) a memory storage device functionally associated with the container, the memory storage device including data about the customer replaceable unit; transferring the data in the memory storage device to the printing machine; and upon reaching a threshold volume of substance in the container, printing a human readable document, the human readable document indicating: (a) at least one of a present and future need for a replacement replaceable unit; (b) replaceable unit model information; and (c) replaceable unit order information;
A method for ordering a component comprising: providing a printing machine, the printing machine including a customer replaceable unit comprising a memory storage device, the memory storage device including data about the customer replaceable unit; communicating the data in the customer replaceable unit with the printing machine; and printing a human readable document including the data about the customer replaceable unit after a condition occurs in the customer replaceable unit; and
A method for ordering a component for a printing apparatus comprising: providing a replaceable unit including a memory containing data about the replaceable unit; providing a printing apparatus; and printing a document including at least a portion of the data, the data relating to at least one of ordering, returning, using, and installing a replacement replaceable unit.
Still other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention and methods of construction of the same will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and the information presented herein. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments and methods of construction, and its several details are capable of modification in various obvious respects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawing and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a process carried out by a system of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is an extension of the flowchart of FIG. 1 illustrating a further process carried out by a system of the present invention.
The present invention relates to embodiments of a method and system for aiding a user in recognition of a problem in the CRU(s) and for providing the user with a printed document including information to solve the problem. While the principles of the present invention will be described in connection with a printing machine, copying machine, or combination thereof, such as an electrostatographic machine, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to that embodiment or to that application. Therefore, it is should be understood that the principles of the present invention extend to all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
In operation, as an indication is made that a new CRU should be ordered based on, for example, events, image count, pixel count, or sensors, a machine prints a document with predetermined information about the CRU for the user to use. In addition, the document can be sent electronically to the user at a personal computer.
A printing or copying machine may comprise replaceable CRU(s) such as a photoreceptor cartridge, a developer cartridge, a toner cartridge, an ink cartridge, printhead, and print cartridge each of which is generally designed to function for a preset number of images in the form of prints or copies. The photoreceptor cartridge includes a photoreceptor drum. The developer cartridge includes a development system and receives a toner cartridge. The toner cartridge includes a sump for toner. The ink cartridge includes ink. The print cartridge may include at least one ink container fluidly connected to at least one printhead. The printhead ejects ink onto a print medium such as paper in controlled patterns of closely spaced dots. The printhead may be sealingly attached to the ink container and the combined printhead and container form a cartridge.
Each CRU includes a memory device such as a customer replaceable unit monitor (CRUM) integral therewith. Each CRUM may include multiple memories of different types. To enable the CRUM to be electrically connected and disconnected with the printing machine on installation or removal of the CRU, contact pads are provided. Terminal blocks and a terminal board may be used to complete the electrical connection between the CRUM and a control unit of the printing machine.
Various electronic memory systems may be used in the CRUM including ROM, RAM, EEPROM, magnetic, or optical. Data relating to the CRU may be stored in a memory on the CRUM. For example, a preset number of total images for the CRU, various threshold(s) values of use for notice for the CRU, and various predetermined information to aid the user may be programmed into the CRUM by the manufacturer. The CRUM may include addressable memory for storing various information about the CRU. The CRUM may have a number of programmed thresholds ranging from one to several hundred, although less than ten thresholds, such as one to five thresholds for the CRU are envisioned. The thresholds for the CRU may be set at various values. In addition, the CRUM may be updated, for example, with a count of events in which the CRU has functioned in by the control unit of the printing machine at the end of each run. For example, each CRUM may be pre-programmed with total images value reflecting the maximum number of images that can be made using the CRU. The total images value may decline as each image is made to provide a current total image count value.
The control unit of the printing machine may include microprocessors and suitable memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) and Random Access Memory (RAM) for holding, for example, the operating system software of the printing machine and programming data for operating the various component parts of the printing machine in an integrated fashion to produce prints/copies.
In operation, when the number of remaining images in the CRU reaches a predetermined programmed level, predetermined information about the CRU from the CRUM may be provided in a printed document at the printing machine to aid the user. For example, the predetermined information about the CRU may relate to obtaining, ordering, using, removing, installing, recycling, or combinations thereof. The system is intended to provide sufficient notice of the demise of the CRU at various intervals of use and to allow the user sufficient time, for example, about two weeks to order a replacement CRU using the information readily provided in the printed document. The predetermined information allows the user to solve a problem with respect to the CRU during the life of the CRU. In addition, an electronic e-mail message may be sent to the user, to a User Interface (UI), or to a display window to supplement the printed document.
The notice based on the remaining images with respect to the CRU may be provided at selected intervals or at selected thresholds based on, for example: a percentage of life remaining in the CRU, ranging from 100% to 0%; a number of images remaining for the CRU to function, ranging from about fifty thousand remaining images to one remaining image; and a number of weeks for the CRU to function, ranging from about sixteen weeks to about one week, depending on the users anticipated or average monthly image volume.
After the notice has been provided in a printed document, the printing machine may continue to make the remaining images until a final threshold value is reached in the CRU indicating the CRU is at its end of life. Then, the printing machine may print end of life documents including various predetermined information. Shortly thereafter, the CRU or printing machine is then inoperable. The old CRU must then be removed and replaced by a replacement CRU in order for further operation of the printing machine.
In operation, when the print/copy run process is completed and the printing machine cycles down, the total number of images made during the run may be temporarily stored in a memory of the printing machine. The control unit of the printing machine may read the current image total from the CRUM of each CRU and, using the image run count from the memory of the printing machine, calculate a new current image total for the respective CRUM reflecting the number of images remaining on the CRU. The control unit may then write the new current image total back into the CRUM of each CRU.
The control unit may then compare each new current image total against the remaining images for the CRU and upon the comparison reaching a threshold value, a printed notice including the predetermined information may be printed at the printing machine for the particular CRU. This notification provides useful information about the CRU and may alert the user to the fact that the identified CRU is about to expire and that a new replacement CRU should be made available and installed soon in the printing machine.
Turning now to FIG. 1, illustrated is a process in a system that starts at S10 with a machine that is ready to print/copy. Next, at S20, the ‘print/copy start signal’ is received at the machine. At S30, the running of the printing/copying process begins at the machine.
At S100, the actual value of the use of the CRU recorded by the machine, such as the number of copies, prints, cycles, or other events involving the CRU, is compared to a first threshold value programmed on the CRUM to determine if the CRU use is greater than or equal to the first threshold value for the CRU. For CRU use that is less than the first threshold value programmed on the CRUM, the machine will return to the ready state. For a value greater than or equal to the first threshold value programmed on the CRUM, S200 is entered.
At S200, the machine software system queries the CRUM for a tag indicating whether a first notice including predetermined CRU information has already been printed at the machine. If the first notice has not already been printed, at S210, the machine software system obtains predetermined data from the CRUM for the first notice and then S300 is entered.
At S300, a determination is made whether the machine is connected to a PC/network or whether the machine is a stand-alone machine.
For machines connected to a PC/network, at S310, an electronic e-mail message is sent to a user(s) indicating the predetermined information, for example, a message indicating low CRU life for a particular CRU along with information for ordering a replacement CRU including identification number and contact information including vendor(s), manufacturer(s), or third parties including their respective address, phone number, facsimile number, e-mail address, Uniform Resource Locator (URL) address, and combinations thereof. Next, at S320, a first notice is printed at the machine indicating, for example, a similar message as in S310. Next, at S330, the CRUM is tagged that a first notice has been printed at the machine. At, S340, the User Interface (UI) of the machine may be signaled with a similar message as in S320.
For stand-alone machines, at S320, a first notice is printed at the machine indicating, for example, information as in S310. Next, at S330, the CRUM is tagged that a first notice has been printed at the machine. At, S340, the User Interface (UI) of the machine may be signaled with a similar message as in S310 or S320.
At S400, a determination is made whether the CRU is at its end of life using the actual value of the use of the CRU recorded by the machine, such as the number of copies, prints, cycles, or other events involving the CRU, compared to a final threshold value programmed on the CRUM to determine if the CRU use is equal to the final threshold value for the CRU. For an actual value greater than or equal to the final threshold value programmed on the CRUM, then the CRU is at its end of life. If the actual use is less than the threshold value then the CRU has usable life and the system returns to the machine ready state. For CRU'(s) at their end of life at S410, the predetermined data from the CRUM is obtained by the machine for an end of life notice and then S500 is entered.
At S500, a determination is made whether the machine is connected to a PC/network or whether the machine is a stand-alone machine.
For machines connected to a PC/network, at S510, an electronic e-mail message is sent to a user/users indicating the predetermined information, for example, a message indicating the CRU has reached end of life for the particular CRU along with information for ordering a replacement CRU including identification number and contact information including vendor(s), manufacturer(s), or third parties including their respective as address, phone number, facsimile number, e-mail address, URL address, or combinations thereof. Next, at S520, an end of life notice is printed at the machine indicating, for example, a similar message as in S510. Next, at S530, the User Interface (UI) of the machine may be signaled with a similar message as in S510 and 520. Next, at S540, the control unit of the machine renders the machine inoperable until a replacement CRU is obtained and replaced in the machine.
For stand-alone machines, at S520, an end of life notice is printed at the machine indicating, for example, information as in S510. Next, at S530, the User Input (UI) panel indicator of the machine may be signaled with a similar message as in S510 and S520. Next, at S540, the control unit of the machine renders the machine inoperable until a replacement CRU is obtained and replaced in the machine.
S600–S610 and S700–S730 are used where additional notices are desired for the user. For example, a series of notices may be programmed into the CRUM or the control unit of the machine to notify the user at various intervals or thresholds during the life of the CRU.
At S600, the actual value of the use of the CRU recorded by the machine, such as the number of copies, prints, cycles, or other events involving the CRU, is compared to a second threshold value programmed on the CRUM to determine if the CRU use is greater than or equal to the second threshold value for the CRU. For CRU use that is less than the first threshold value programmed on the CRUM, the machine will return to the ready state as it would be less then the final threshold value relating to the end of life of the CRU. For a value greater than or equal to the second threshold value programmed on the CRUM, S610 is entered. At S610, the machine software system obtains specific data from the CRUM for the second notice and then S700 is entered.
At S700, a determination is made whether the machine is connected to a PC/network or whether the machine is a stand-alone machine.
For machines connected to a PC/network, at S710, a second electronic e-mail message is sent to a user/users indicating predetermined information for example, a message indicating low CRU life for the particular CRU along with information for ordering a replacement CRU including identification number and contact information including certain vendor(s), manufacturer(s), or third parties including respective address, phone number, facsimile number, e-mail address, URL address, or combinations thereof. Next, at S720, a second notice may be printed at the machine indicating, for example, a similar notice as in S710. Next, at S730, the CRUM is tagged that a second notice has been printed at the machine. The User Interface (UI) of the machine may be signaled with a second notice as in S710 or S720, although an indication of the first notice may remain at the UI and a second notice may be unnecessary.
For stand-alone machines, at S720, a second notice is printed at the machine indicating, for example, information as in S710. Next, at S730, the CRUM is tagged that a second notice has been printed at the machine. The User Interface (UI) of the machine may be signaled with a second notice as in S710 or S720, although an indication of the first notice may remain at the UI and a second notice may be unnecessary.
In operation, at least one notice including predetermined information is provided to the user although a series of notices ranging from two notices to several hundred notices may be made prior to the end of life notice of the CRU, although less than ten notices such as two to five notices are envisioned. Various combinations of CRU information may be programmed as data in the CRUM for inclusion in the notice(s). The notice may be printed at intervals by the machine and include an identification code such as a model number of the CRU and contact information including various content such as: phone number, facsimile number, street address, email address, URL address, vendor(s), manufacturer, removal and replacement instructions, equivalent CRU and respective identification code, warranty information such as notification that the CRU is at or is beyond its warranted life, or combinations thereof. The URL address may be used for ordering, or for obtaining instructions on obtaining or using a replacement CRU.
The CRU may be removably securable in the machine and the machine may automatically print the document after an indication of a threshold condition. The CRU may include a component containing a substance used in a marking process and the CRU may be replaceable in the machine. The CRU may include a consumable substance and/or a wearable part. The document may be in a human readable medium and/or a computer readable medium.
The CRU may include a container having a first volume of a substance prior to use and a second volume of the substance less than the first volume after an increase in use. Upon a threshold occurrence in the CRU, the machine may be disabled other than printing a document including information about the CRU.
Various notices based on the data stored in the CRUM including combinations of information are envisioned. The notice may include information relating to ordering, returning, using, or installing the CRU. The notice may include information for a specific customer. The notice may include information for a geographic market in which the manufacturer has directed the CRU to be destined. The notice may include information for a specific configuration of the CRU. The notice may include information about the manufacturer. The notice may include information about a future disablement of the printing system. The notice may include information in the form of a log of previously printed documents concerning the CRU. The notice may include information relating to a return address for recycling of the CRU. The notice may be in the form of a return label for recycling the CRU. The notice may include information relating to average print area coverage and average print rate for the CRU. The notice may include information relating to a total of the number of prints made using the CRU. The notice may include information relating to warranty information for the CRU. The notice may include information relating to notification of the CRU being used beyond its warranted life. The notice may include information relating to an estimate of the remaining life of the CRU. The notice may include information relating to a percentage of use of at least one of cyan (C) toner, magenta (M) toner, yellow (Y) toner, and black (K) toner in the CRU. The notice may include information relating to the date of manufacture of the CRU. The notice may include information relating to the place of manufacture of the CRU. The notice may include information relating to a replacement instruction of the CRU.
In embodiments of the present invention, various methods and systems are envisioned. For example, the memory storage device may include a contact for ordering a replacement CRU and the printing machine may print a document including at least the identification code of the CRU and a contact for ordering a replacement CRU upon a condition in the CRU. The printing machine may send an electronic mail message including at least one of the identification code of the CRU and a contact for ordering a replacement CRU to a computer. The CRU may be a toner cartridge and the memory storage device may include a contact for ordering a replacement toner cartridge and the printing machine may print a document including at least the identification code of the toner cartridge and a contact for ordering a replacement toner cartridge. The printing machine may print a document including a URL address for electronic ordering of a CRU; or a URL address for obtaining instructions on obtaining a replacement CRU.
In summary, a system is provided for providing a user with various printed information about a CRU used in a printing/copying machine in one convenient location, without the user searching for information about the CRU. The system is suitable for generally any printing/copying machine with CRU(s) requiring replacement. The system provides a simple, low-cost information system for use in an electronic digital printer, digital copier, facsimile machine, and combinations thereof. The system is used to better provide information when it is most needed by a user and to communicate that information to the user at the printing/copying machine where the information is most applicable. The information may be stored on the CRUM. By placing useful data such as an identification code and contact information on the CRUM, the customer will have access to the information via a printed document for ordering. Also, data updates can be made by changing the data on the CRUM as the cartridge is manufactured. The notice(s) provide useful information to the user and allow the user to make decisions with respect to replacing or servicing the CRU. The system can be utilized with digital xerography and with inkjet. Moreover, the system can be readily adapted for both black and white and color environments. In the color environment, the information can be displayed for individual color inks or toners (C, M, Y, K) as well as combined into an overall toner/ink usage.
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cartridgesEP0838768A2Sep 24, 1997Apr 29, 1998Hewlett-Packard CompanyWeb interfacing deviceEP9838768A2 Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8693899Jan 30, 2009Apr 8, 2014Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.System and method for providing a message on a replaceable printing componentUS8819146 *Nov 15, 2007Aug 26, 2014Ricoh Company, Ltd.System, method, and computer program product for transferring remote device support data to a monitor using E-mailUS20020143893 *Dec 28, 2001Oct 3, 2002Yusuke NakazonoInformation processing apparatus, information processing method, program, and storage medium product for distribution of image forming control softwareUS20080133578 *Nov 15, 2007Jun 5, 2008Tetsuro MotoyamaSystem, method, and computer program product for transferring remote device support data to a monitor using e-mailUS20080205927 *Feb 22, 2007Aug 28, 2008Xerox CorporationXerographic customer replacement unit kit* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification358/1.16, 399/24, 399/25, 399/27, 347/7, 399/13, 399/12International ClassificationG03G15/00Cooperative ClassificationG03G15/55, G03G2221/1823, G03G15/553European ClassificationG03G15/55BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 19, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: XEROX CORPORATION, CONNECTICUTFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KURZ, KARL E.;CHIESA, DANIEL A.;CLAESSENS, TOM W.;REEL/FRAME:011392/0823;SIGNING DATES FROM 20001212 TO 20001218Jul 30, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ILLINOISFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:013111/0001Effective date: 20020621Owner name: BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT,ILLINOISFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:013111/0001Effective date: 20020621Oct 31, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, TEXASFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:015134/0476Effective date: 20030625Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT,TEXASFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:015134/0476Effective date: 20030625Apr 9, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Mar 8, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Patent US6157967 - Method of data communication flow control in a data processing system using ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA multiprocessor system includes a number of sub-processor systems, each substantially identically constructed, and each comprising a central processing unit (CPU), and at least one I/O device, interconnected by routing apparatus that also interconnects the sub-processor systems. A CPU of any one of...http://www.google.com/patents/US6157967?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6157967 - Method of data communication flow control in a data processing system using busy/ready commandsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6157967 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/001,100Publication dateDec 5, 2000Filing dateDec 30, 1997Priority dateDec 17, 1992Fee statusPaidPublication number001100, 09001100, US 6157967 A, US 6157967A, US-A-6157967, US6157967 A, US6157967AInventorsRobert W. Horst, William Edward Baker, Linda Ellen Zalzala, William Patterson Bunton, Richard W. Cutts, Jr., David J. Garcia, John C. Krause, Stephen G. Low, David Paul Sonnier, William Joel Watson, Patracia L. WhitesideOriginal AssigneeTandem Computer IncorporatedExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (38), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (107), Classifications (11), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod of data communication flow control in a data processing system using busy/ready commands
US 6157967 AAbstract
Communications between I/O devices and CPUs is by packetized messages. Interrupts from I/O devices are communicated from the I/O devices to the CPUs (or from one CPU to another CPU) as message packets.
CPUs and I/O devices may write to, or read from, memory of a CPU of the system. Memory protection is provided by an access validation method maintained by each CPU in which CPUs and/or I/O devices are provided with a validation to read/write memory of that CPU, without which memory access is denied.
1. In a processing system comprising at least a pair of transmitting/receiving elements coupled to one another by a bi-directional link for communicating multi-bit words, including multi-bit data words and multi-bit command words, a method of data communication flow control that includes the steps of:providing each of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements with a transmit clock signal that defines clock periods and is sent on the bi-directional link to the other of the pair transmitting/receiving elements; a one of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements communicating data in the form of a series of multi-bit data words to the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving devices, each of the multi-bit data words being communicated with a clock period; in absence of communicating data, the one of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements transmitting with each clock period first multi-bit command words to the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements; and the one of the transmitting/receiving elements periodically sending a BUSY command word to indicate to the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements to at least temporarily halt communicating data or, if no data is being communicated, to not communicate data until a READY command word is sent by the one of the transmitting/receiving elements; wherein after receiving the BUSY command word, failure to receive the READY command word or a subsequent BUSY command word within a predetermined period of time by the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements is an error. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first multi-bit command words indicate that no data is being sent.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first multi-bit command words include a FILL command word to indicate that communication of the series is not complete.
4. The method of claim 1, including the step of the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements transmitting, while receiving the series, second multi-bit command words to the one transmitting/receiving element.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second multi-bit command words include a BUSY command word that indicates to the one transmitting/receiving element a request to suspend communication of the series.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the BUSY command word is later followed by a READY command word that indicates to the one transmitting/receiving element that the other transmitting/receiving element is in a condition to receive data.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein failure to receive the READY command word within a predetermined period of time by the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements is an error.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein failure to receive the BUSY command word within a predetermined period of time by the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements is an error.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first multi-bit command words include an IDLE command word to indicate absence of data communication.
10. Apparatus for communicating information in the form of multi-bit data and command symbols, comprising:at least a pair of transmitting/receiving units each including a transmitting port from which information is transmitted, and a receiving port whereat information is received; a communications link connecting the transmitting and receiving ports of a one of the pair of transmitting/receiving units to the receiving and transmitting ports, respectively, of the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving units; the pair of transmitting/receiving units each operating to communicate information to one another in the form of one or more multi-bit command and data symbols or, in absence of either, a first command symbol, the transmitting/receiving units indicating an error if a data or a command symbol is not received within a predetermined period of time; each of the transmitting/receiving units including means for sending from the transmitting port a BUSY command symbol when receiving information at the receiving port for indicating a temporary cessation of the communication of the information and to periodically send the BUSY signal to maintain the temporary cessation, and for sending a READY command symbol is sent in place of the BUSY command symbol to indicate termination of the temporary cessation and readiness to resume communication of the information. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein failure to receive the BUSY command word within a predetermined period of time by the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements is an error.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein failure to receive the READY command word within a predetermined period of time by the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements is an error.
13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the error is indicated when the BUSY command symbol is not received within a predetermined amount of time since receipt of an immediately preceding command symbol.
14. In a processing system comprising at least a pair of transmitting/receiving elements coupled to one another by a bi-directional link for communicating multi-bit words, including multi-bit data words and multi-bit command words, a method of data communication comprising the steps of:providing each of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements with a transmit clock signal that defines clock periods and is sent on the bi-directional link to the other of the pair transmitting/receiving elements; a one of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements communicating data in the form of a series of multi-bit data words to the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving devices, each of the multi-bit data words being communicated with a clock period; in absence of communicating data, the one of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements transmitting with each clock period first multi-bit command words to the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements; the one of the transmitting/receiving elements periodically sending a BUSY command word to indicate to the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements to at least temporarily halt communicating data or, if no data is being communicated, to not communicate data until a READY command word is sent by the one of the transmitting/receiving elements; and the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements transmitting, while receiving the series, second multi-bit command words to the one transmitting/receiving element; wherein failure to receive the READY command word or the BUSY command word within a predetermined period of time by the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements is an error. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the second multi-bit command words include a BUSY command word that indicates to the one transmitting/receiving element a request to suspend communication of the series.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the BUSY command word is later followed by a READY command word that indicates to the one transmitting/receiving element that the other transmitting/receiving element is in a condition to receive data.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein failure to receive the BUSY command word within a predetermined period of time by the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements is an error.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein failure to receive the READY command word within a predetermined period of time by the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements is an error.
19. In a processing system comprising at least a pair of transmitting/receiving elements coupled to one another by a bi-directional link for communicating multi-bit words, including multi-bit data words and multi-bit command words, a method of data communication flow control that includes the steps of:communicating data between the pair of transmitting/receiving elements in the form of a series of multi-bit data words; transmitting periodic first predetermined multi-bit command words in absence of communicating data; a one of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements inserting a BUSY command word in the series of multi-bit data words to indicate to the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving element a request to suspend communication of information; receiving the BUSY command work at the other of the transmitting/receiving elements to begin sending a second predetermined command word; the one of the transmitting/receiving elements sending a READY command word, after sending the BUSY command word, to indicate a readiness to receive data; and reporting an error when a multi-bit data word or command word is not received within a predetermined period of time. 20. The method of claim 19, including the step of the one of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements completing sending the series of multi-bit data words and then sending periodic BUSY command words to indicate to the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving element a request to suspend communication of information; andreceiving the BUSY command word at the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements to begin sending a second predetermined command word. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the step of the one of the transmitting/receiving elements sending the READY command includes inserting a READY command word in the series of multi-bit data words to indicate to the other of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements a readiness to receive data.
22. The method of claim 19, including the step of the one of the pair of transmitting/receiving elements completing sending the series of multi-bit data words and then, if a READY command word has not been sent, sending a series of BUSY command words.
23. A method of controlling communication flow between first and second data-communicating elements interconnected for communicating therebetween multi-bit symbols that includes the steps of:the first data-communicating element transmitting a first series of multi-bit symbols to the second data-communicating element and receiving from the second data-communicating element a second series of multi-bit symbols; the second data-communicating element inserting a BUSY multi-bit symbol in the second series of multi-bit symbols; the first data-communicating element receiving the BUSY multi-bit symbol to halt transmission of the first series of multi-bit symbols and to begin transmission of periodic FILL multi-bit symbols; the second data-communicating element subsequently sending a READY multi-bit symbol that, when received by the first data-communicating element, causes resumption of the first series of multi-bit symbols; and the first data-communicating element reporting an error when a multi-bit symbol is not received from the second data-communicating element within a predetermined period of time. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of sending the READY multi-bit symbol includes inserting the READY multi-bit symbol in the second series of multi-bit symbols.
25. A method of controlling data flow between at least first and second communicatively intercoupled data communication devices of a data processing system, the first and second data communication devices operating to send the data in the form of messages, the method including the steps of:operating the first communication device in a first mode to communicate a data message to the second data communication device; inserting in the data message a BUSY command, and thereafter periodically sending the BUSY command when no data message is being sent; receiving at the second communication device the BUSY command to inhibit communicating data to the first communication device; then sending a READY command from the first communication device to the second communication device; and receiving the READY command at the second communication device to permit communicating data. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the data message includes multi-bit words, and including the step of reporting an error if a successive pair of the multi-bit words or a successive pair of the periodically sent BUSY commands are not received within a predetermined period of time.
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/479,473 filed Jun. 7, 1995, abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/992,944, filed Dec. 17, 1992. The disclosed invention is related to the commonly assigned applications Ser. Nos. 08/485,217 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,751,932, issued May 12, 1998), 08/482,618 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,835, issued Oct. 12, 1999), 08/481,749 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,675,807, issued Oct. 7, 1997), 08/474,772 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,914,953, issued Jun. 22, 1999), 08/485,053 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,790,776, issued Aug. 4, 1998), 08/473,541 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,751,955, issued May 12, 1998), 08/474,770 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,675,579, issued Oct. 7, 1997), 08/472,222 (abandoned in favor of Ser. No. 08/762,653, filed Dec. 9, 1996), 08/477,807 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,867,501, issued Feb. 2, 1999), 08/482,628 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,849, issued Nov. 12, 1996), 08/484,281 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,838,894, issued Nov. 17, 1998), 08/485,062, 08/485,446 (abandoned), and 08/485,055.
In contrast to the above-described architecture, the Integrity system illustrates another approach to fault tolerant computing. Integrity, which was introduced in 1990, was designed to run a standard version of the Unix ("Unix" is a registered trademark of Unix Systems Laboratories, Inc. of Delaware) operating system. In systems where compatibility is a major goal, hardware fault recovery is the logical choice since few modifications to the software are required. The processors and local memories are configured using triple-modular-redundancy (TMR). All processors run the same code stream, but clocking of each module is independent to provide tolerance of faults in the clocking circuits. Execution of the three streams is asynchronous, and may drift several clock periods apart. The streams are re-synchronized periodically and during access of global memory. Voters on the TMR Controller boards detect and mask failures in a processor module. Memory is partitioned between the local memory on the triplicated processor boards and the global memory on the duplicated TMRC boards. The duplicated portions of the system use self-checking techniques to detect failures. Each global memory is dual ported and is interfaced to the processors as well to the I/O Processors (IOPs). Standard VME peripheral controllers are interfaced to a pair of busses through a Bus Interface Module (BIM). If an IOP fails, software can use the BIMs to switch control of all controllers to the remaining IOP. Mirrored disk storage units may be attached to two different VME controllers.
In the Integrity system all hardware failures are masked by the redundant hardware. After repair, components are reintegrated on-line.
Computing systems, such as those described above, are often used for electronic commerce: electronic data interchange (EDI) and global messaging. Today's demands upon such electronic commerce, however, is demanding more and more throughput capacity as the number of users increases and messages become more complex. For example, text-only e-mail, the most widely used facility of the Internet, is growing significantly every year. The Internet is increasingly being used to deliver image, voice, and video files. Voice store-and-forward messaging is becoming ubiquitous, and desktop video conferencing and video-messaging are gaining acceptance in certain organizations. Each type of messaging demand successively more throughput.
In such environments, parallel architectures are being used, interconnected by various communication networks such as local area networks (LANS), and the like.
The CPUs of a processing system are capable of operating in one of two basic modes: a "simplex mode" in which each CPU (of a pair) operates independently of the other, or a "duplex" mode in which pairs of CPUs operate in synchronized, lock-step fashion. Simplex mode operation provides the capability of recovering from faults that are detected by error-checking hardware (cf, U.S. Pat. No. 4,228,496 which teaches a multiprocessing system in which each processor has the capability of checking on the operability of its sibling processors, and of taking over the processing of a processor found or believed to have failed). When operating in duplex mode, the paired CPUs both execute an identical instruction stream, each CPU of the pair executing each instruction of the stream at substantially the same time.
A further novel aspect of the invention is the implementation of a technique of validating access to the memory of any CPU. The processing system, as structured according to the present invention, permits the memory of any CPU to be accessed by any other element of the system (i.e., other CPUs and peripheral devices). This being so, some method of protecting against inadvertent and/or unauthorized access must be provided. In accordance with this aspect of the invention, each CPU maintains an access validation and translation (AVT) table containing entries for each source external to the CPU that is authorized access to the memory of that CPU. Each such AVT table entry includes information as to the type of access permitted (e.g., a write to memory), and where in memory that access is permitted. Message packets that are routed through the I/O system are created, as indicated above, with information describing the originator of the message packet, the destination of the message packet, what the message contains (e.g., data to be written at the destination, or a request for data to be read from the destination), and the like. In addition to permitting the router elements to route the message packet to its ultimate destination expeditiously, the receiving CPU uses the information to access the AVT table for the entry pertaining to the source of the message packet, and check to see if access is permitted, and if so what type and where the receiving CPU chooses to remap (i.e., translate) the address. In this manner the memory of any CPU is protected against errant accesses. The AVT table is also used for passing through interrupts to the CPU.
A further aspect of the invention involves the technique used by a CPU to transmit data to the I/O. According to this aspect of the invention, a block transfer engine is provided in each CPU to handle input/output information transfers between a CPU and any other component of the processor system. Thereby, the individual processor units of the CPU are removed from the more mundane tasks of getting information from memory and out onto the TNet network, or accepting information from the network. The processor unit of the CPU merely sets up data structures in memory containing the data to be sent, accompanied by such other information as the desired destination, the amount of data and, if a response is required, where in memory the response is to be placed when received. When the processor unit completes the task of creating the data structure, the block transfer engine is notified to cause it to take over, and initiate sending of the data, in the form of message packets. If a response is expected, the block transfer engine sets up the necessary structure for handling the response, including where in memory the response will go when and if the response is received, it is routed to the expected memory location identified, and notifies the processor unit that the response was received.
FIG. 10 illustrates the method and structure used by the interface unit of FIG. 5 to cross-check errors data being transferred to the memory controllers for data error checking;
FIG. 26A and 26B together illustrates a FIFO constant rate clock control logic used to control the clock synchronization FIFO of FIGS. 8 or 20 in the situation when the two clocks used to push symbols onto and pull them off the queue of the FIFO are significantly different;
FIGS. 30A and 30B illustrate the soft-flag logic used to handle asymmetric variables between the CPUs of paired sub-processing systems operating in duplex mode;
Turning now to the figures and, for the moment, principally FIG. 1A, there is illustrated a data processing system, designated with the reference 10, constructed according to the various teachings of the present invention. As FIG. 1A shows, the data processing system 10 comprises two sub-processor systems 10A and 10B each of which are substantially the same in structure and function. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that, unless noted otherwise, a description of any one of the sub-processor systems 10 will apply equally to any other sub-processor system 10.
FIG. 1A illustrates another feature of the invention: a cross-link connection between the two sub-processor systems 10A, 10B through the use of additional routers 14 (identified in FIG. 1A as routers RX1, RX2, RY1, and RY2). As FIG. 1A illustrates, the added routers RX1, RX2, RY1, and RY2 form a cross-link connection between the sub-processors 10A, 10B (or, as shown, "sides" X and Y, respectively) to couple them to I/O Packet Interfaces 16X, 16Y. The cross-connecting Links between the routers RX1 -RY2 and RY1 -RX2 provide the cross-link path from one side (X or Y) to the other in much the same manner as does the cross-link connections Ly between CPUs 12A, 12B and routers 14B, 14A. However, the cross-link provided by the routers RX1, RX2, RY1, and RY2 allow the I/O devices (not shown) that may be connected to the I/O Packet Interfaces 16X, 16Y to be routed to one side (X or Y) or the other.
Similarly, in FIG. 1C the above concept is extended to form an eight sub-processor system cluster, comprising sub-processor systems pairs 10A/10B, 10A'/10B', 10A"/10B", and 10A'"/10B'". In turn, each of the sub-processor systems (e.g., sub-processor system 10A) will have essentially the same basic minimum configuration of a CPU 12, a router 14, and I/O connected to the TNet by a I/O packet interface 16, except that, as FIG. 1C shows, the sub-processor systems 10A and 10B include additional routers 14C and 14D, respectively, in order to extend the cluster beyond sub-processor systems 10A'/10B' to the sub-processor systems 10A"/10B" and 10A'"/10B'". As FIG. 1C further illustrates, unused ports 4 and 5 of the routers 14C and 14D may be used to extend the cluster even further.
Due to the design of the routers 14, as well as the method used to route message packets, together with judicious use of the routers 14 when configuring the topology of the system 10, any CPU 12 of processing system 10 of FIG. 1C can access any other "end unit" (e.g., a CPU or I/O device) of any of the other sub-processor systems. Two paths are available from any CPU 12 to the last router 14 connecting to the I/O packet interface 16. For example, the CPU 12B of the sub-processor system 10B' can access the I/O 16'" of sub-processor system 10A'" via router 14B (of sub-processor system 10B'), router 14D, and router 14B (of sub-system 10B'") and, via link LA, router 14A (sub-system 10A'"), OR via router 14A (of sub-system 10A'), router 14C, and router 14A (sub-processor system 10A'"). Similarly, CPU 12A of sub-processor system 10A" may access (via two paths) memory contained in the CPU 12B of sub-processor 10B to read or write data. (Memory accesses by one CPU 12 of another component of the processing system requires, as will be seen, the components seeking access to have authorization to do so. In this regard each CPU 12 maintains a table containing entries for each component having authorization to access that CPU's memory, usually limiting that access to selected sections of memory, and the type of access permitted. Requiring authorization in this manner prevents corruption of memory data of a CPU by erroneous access.)
In the same fashion, the output data transmitted from the port of the CPU 12A is checked. The output data from the Y interface unit 24b is coupled to the Y port by a 10-bit bus 30y. and also to the X interface unit 24a by the 9-bit cross-link 34y where is checked with that produced by the X interface unit.
Four basic message packet types are used to communicate command symbols and data between the CPUs 12 and peripheral devices 17 of a system. FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate the construction of one message packet type (FIG. 3A), together with a breakdown of the fields of that packet (FIGS. 3B-3D); FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate the construction of the other three packet types. The message packet type used to communicate write data on the TNet area network is identified as the HADC packet, and is illustrated in FIG. 3A. As shown, the HADC packet has four fields: 8-byte header field, a 4-byte data address field, an N-byte data field (where, preferably, N is a maximum of 64, although it will be evident that larger amounts of data can be moved by a single packet), and a 4-byte cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field.
The header field, illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 3B, includes a 3-byte Destination ID, identifying the ultimate destination of the message packet; a 3-byte Source ID that identifies the source or sender of the message packet, the type of transaction (e.g., a read or write operation), and the type of message packet (e.g., whether it is a request for data, or a response to a data request). The Destination ID contains four sub-fields: a 14-bit sub-field that contains a Region ID to specify a "region" in which the destination of the message is located; a 6-bit sub-field containing a Device ID, specifying the destination device (e.g., a device 17, a CPU 12, or perhaps an MP18) within the identified region; a path select (P) bit used to select between two paths; and 3 bits reserved for future expansion. Similarly, the Source ID has three sub-fields; a 14-bit region ID, identifying the region of the sender; a 6-bit Device ID, identifying the sending device within that region; and a 4-bit type sub-field that, as mentioned, identifies the type of transaction. In addition, the control field specifies the amount of data contained in the accompanying data field of the message packet in terms of the number of 9-bit command/data "symbols." (Each symbol is an 8-bit byte of data coded as a 9-bit quantity to protect against single-bit errors that could make a data byte appear as a command symbol, or vice-versa, as will be seen below.) The Region and Device fields of either the destination or source is cumulatively and uniquely identify the destination and source respectively, of the message packet. The bit reserved as a Path Select bit operates to identify one or the other of two "sides" X or Y (as illustrated in FIG. 1A) containing the destination of the message packet. The Path Select bit will be discussed further below in connection with memory access validation (FIGS. 11 and 12) and the port selection operation of the router (FIG. 21A). The remaining 3 bits are reserved for future expansion as needed.
As indicated, the HADC message packet operates to communicate write data between the end units (e.g., CPU 12) of the processing system 10. Other message packets, however, may be differently constructed because of their function and use. Thus, FIG. 4A illustrates an HAC message packet comprising only header, address, and CRC fields. The HAC packet is used to transmit read data requests to a system component (e.g., an I/O device 17).
The X and Y interface units 24 (i.e., 24a and 24b--FIG. 2) operate to perform three major functions within the CPU 12: to interface the processors 20 to the memory 28; to provide an I/O service that operates transparently to, but under the control of, the processors; and to validate requests for access to the memory 28 from outside sources.
The third function of the X and Y interface units 24, access validation to the memory 28, uses an address validation and translation (AVT) table maintained by the interface units. The AVT table contains an address for each system component (e.g., an I/O device 17, or a CPU 12) permitted access, the type of access permitted, and the physical location of memory at which access is permitted. The table also is instrumental in performing address translation, since the addresses contained in the incoming message packets are virtual addresses. These virtual addresses are translated by the interface unit to p


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