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Latex | Te X | Digital & Social Media
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"LATEX" redirects here. For other uses, see Latex (disambiguation). For help editing formulas on Wikipedia, see Help:Displaying a formula.
/ˈleɪtɛk/, /ˈleɪtɛx/, /ˈlɑːtɛx/, or /ˈlɑːtɛk/) is a document markup language and document
preparation system for the TeX typesetting program. Within the typesetting system, its name is styled as LATEX. The term LaTeX refers only to the language in which documents are written, not to the editor used to write those documents. In order to create a document in LaTeX, a .tex file must be created using some form of text editor. While most text editors can be used to create a LaTeX document, a number of editors have been created specifically for working with LaTeX. LaTeX is widely used in academia.[1][2] As a primary or intermediate format, e.g., translating DocBook and other XML-based formats to PDF, LaTeX is used because of the high quality of typesetting achievable by TeX. The typesetting system offers programmable desktop publishing features and extensive facilities for automating most aspects of typesetting and desktop publishing, including numbering and cross-referencing, tables and figures, page layout andbibliographies. LaTeX is intended to provide a high-level language that accesses the power of TeX. LaTeX essentially comprises a collection of TeX macros and a program to process LaTeX documents. Because the TeX formatting commands are very low-level, it is usually much simpler for end-users to use LaTeX.
This is similar to the mechanism by which many word processors allow styles to be defined globally for an entire document or the use of Cascading Style Sheets to style HTML. [edit]Examples The example below shows the LaTeX input and corresponding output: . As it is distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL).LaTeX was originally written in the early 1980s by Leslie Lamport at SRI International.[3] It has become an important method for using TeX. table. It therefore encourages the separation of layout from content while still allowing manual typesetting adjustments where needed.. Such macros are often collected into packages. the author specifies the logical structure using familiar concepts such as chapter. LaTeX can be arbitrarily extended by using the underlying macro language to develop custom formats. etc. section. In preparing a LaTeX document. LaTeX is free software. in the example below. Indeed.[citation needed]The current version is LaTeX2e (styled as LATEX2ε). the align environment is provided by the amsmath package. Contents [hide] • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Typesetting system 2 Examples 3 Pronouncing and writing "LaTeX" 4 Licensing 5 Related software 6 Versions 7 Compatibility 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links [edit]Typesetting system LaTeX is based on the idea that authors should be able to focus on the content of what they are writing without being distracted by its visual presentation. figure. which are available to address special formatting issues such as complicated mathematical content or graphics. and lets the LaTeX system worry about the presentation of these structures.
page layout. \LaTeX{} was originally written in 1984 by Leslie Lamport and has become the dominant method for using \TeX. % This is a comment. few people write in plain \TeX{} anymore. % The following shows a little of the typesetting power of LaTeX: \begin{align} E &= mc^2 \ m &= \frac{m_0} {\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}} \end{align} \end{document} . it will not be shown in the final output. tables and figures. The current version is \LaTeXe. bibliographies.\documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \title{\LaTeX} \date{} \begin{document} \maketitle \LaTeX{} is a document preparation system for the \TeX{} typesetting program. including numbering and cross-referencing. and much more. It offers programmable desktop publishing features and extensive facilities for automating most aspects of typesetting and desktop publishing.
In media where the logo cannot be precisely reproduced in running text.[edit]Pronouncing and writing "LaTeX" LaTeX can also be used to producevector graphics. as it requires that modified files must be clearly differentiable from their originals (usually by changing the filename). epsilon. LaTeX is usually pronounced /ˈlɑːtɛk/ or /ˈleɪtɛk/ in English (that is. It is distributed under a free software license. Lamport. or as ch in loch). technique). on the other hand. not with the /ks/ pronunciation English speakers normally associate with X. with a voiceless velar fricative as in Modern Greek. RISC OS and AmigaOS. Microsoft Windows. BSDs. Solaris). TeX's creator Donald Knuth promotes a pronunciation of /ˈtɛx/ (TEKH)[4] (that is. The TeX. as the name of TeX derives from the Greek: τέχνη (skill. the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL). and chi. E. the word is typically given the unique capitalization LaTeX. The name is traditionally printed with the special typographical logo shown at the top of this page. The LPPL is DFSGcompliant as of version 1. similar to the last sound of the German word "Bach". has said he does not favor or discourage any pronunciation for LaTeX. The LPPL is not compatible with the GNU General Public License.[7] [edit]Licensing LaTeX is typically distributed along with plain TeX. art. X in the name come from capital Greek letters tau. but with a/k/). LaTeX[5] and XeTeX[6] logos can be rendered via pure CSS and XHTML for use in graphical web browsers following the specifications of the internal \LaTeX macro. UNIX system-like OS (Linux OS.3. LaTeX is available on most operating systems including UNIX (Mac OS X. As free software. . The characters T. this was done to ensure that files that depend on other files will produce the expected behavior and avoid dependency hell. OpenSolaris). for this reason. the Spanish "j" sound.
Hàn Thế Thành and others have written a new implementation of TeX called pdfTeX. including Plain TeX. fpTeX (deprecated). More recently. teTeX (deprecated in favour of TeX Live. System vendors may add extra features like additional typefaces and telephone support. UNIX). Different implementations of each of these steps are typically available in TeX distributions. Other WYSIWYG editors that produce LaTeX include Scientific Word on MS Windows.org Writer. MiKTeX (Windows). AMSTeX. Additionally. Traditional TeX will output a DVI file. a new user interface. hyperlink support. which is usually converted to a PostScript file. which also outputs to PDF and takes advantage of features available in that format. TeX documents can be shared by converting the LaTeX . OzTeX (Mac OS Classic). AmigaTeX (no longer available) Latexian (Mac OS X) and PasTeX (AmigaOS. gwTeX (Mac OS X).[9] There are numerous commercial implementations of the entire TeX system. access to arbitrary fonts. the processing sequence (from the user's point of view) goes like this: Macros > TeX > Driver > Output. XeTeX allows the use of OpenType and TrueType (that is. and new documentation. There are also many editors for LaTeX. and ConTeXt. There are many other macro packages for TeX. including TeX Live (multiplatform). [edit]Versions LaTeX2e is the current version of LaTeX. The default font for LaTeX is Knuth's Computer Modern. started in the early 1990s. LyX is a free. GNU Texinfo. When TeX "compiles" a document. proTeXt (Windows). which gives default documents created with LaTeX the same distinctive look as those created with plain TeX. a future version called LaTeX3. WYSIWYG editor with similar functionalities as LaTeX but a different typesetting engine. [edit]Compatibility LaTeX documents (*.[edit]Related software As a macro package. TeXmacs is a free.tex) can be opened with any text editor including Microsoft Word and OpenOffice. The XeTeX engine developed by Jonathan Kew merges modern font technologies and Unicode with TeX. is still in development. A number of TeX distributions are available. available on the Aminetrepository).[8] Planned features include improved syntax. As of 2012. outlined) fonts for output files. LaTeX provides a set of macros for TeX to interpret. WYSIWYM visual document processor that uses LaTeX for a back-end. MacTeX (TeX Live with the addition of Mac specific programs).
ac. illustrations by Duane Bibby (2nd ed. 3. Patrick W. ^ Alexia Gaudeul (March 27.g. Edward. 7.). 1986. Flynn. ISBN 0-201-36299-6. Michel (2004). Retrieved 2008-04-21. Retrieved 2007-07-30. 6. and the Trouble with TeX". Highman. 1999).). ^ Walden. (2003). David (2005-07-15). Knuth. 1. SSRN 908946. Retrieved 2007-04-27. ISBN 0-321-17385-6. Do Open Source Developers Respond to Competition?: The (La)TeX Case Study. ^ Taraborelli. Leslie Lamport's Home Page. "Travels in TeX Land: A Macro. Helmut.). 2. bubl. ISBN 0-898-71383-8.uk ^ Frank Mittelbach. Guide to LaTeX (4th ed.American Mathematical Society extension for LaTeX BibTeX reference management software typically used with LaTeX Comparison of TeX editors List of document markup languages REVTeX . Retrieved 2008-04-21. The PracTeX journal (3). reading    Griffiths. (1997). Learning LaTeX. Goosens. Retrieved 2008-04-21. 9. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. pp. ^ Leslie Lamport (April 23. 193. The TeXbook. Daly. ^ See e. Frank. Formatting Information: A Beginner's Guide to LaTeX (5th online ed. 2007). . 2006). David S. Leslie (1994). 8.   Mittelbach. ^ Donald E. Addison-Wesley. Lamport. p. Chris Rowley (January 12. Boston. Three Software Packages. ISBN 0-201-52983-1. "The LaTeX3 Project" (PDF). The LaTeX Companion (2nd ed. Dario.. Addison–Wesley. "CSS-driven TeX logos". 4. "The Writings of Leslie Lamport: LaTeX: A Document Preparation System". Cork: Silmaril. Kopka. Reading. LaTeX: A document preparation system: User's guide and reference. David F.rtf) or XML. [edit]See also Free software portal      AMS-LaTeX . LaTeX can also be converted to PDF files and shared with anyone. Mass: Addison-Wesley Professional. Peter (2011) [2002]. "TeX and LaTeX logo POSHlets". Addison-Wesley Professional. [edit]Further ^ "What are TeX. LaTeX and friends?". ^ O'Connor.).Publication Styles of the American Physical Society [edit]References 1. This can be done using the free software programs LaTeX2RTF or TeX4ht.file to Rich Text Format (. 5.
Entry for LaTeX. Ctan Edition The TeX Users Group TeX and LaTeX questions and answers at StackExchange LaTeX Wikibook LaTeX3 newsletter Detexify Helps you find symbols in LaTeX Source of LaTeX templates for a wide variety of uses latex-project.org [show]  v  d  e TEX [show]  v  d  e LATEX .[edit]External links Find more about LaTeX on Wikipedia's sister projects: Definitions and translations from Wiktionary Images and media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks   LaTeX home page CTAN — the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network         The TeX Catalogue OnLine.
View page ratings Rate this page What's this? Trustworthy Objective Complete Well-written I am highly knowledgeable about this topic (optional) Submit ratings Categories: • • • • • • • • • þÿ Free TeX software Declarative markup languages Free typesetting software Log in / create account Article Talk Read Edit View history Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Interaction • Help • About Wikipedia • Community portal • Recent changes • Contact Wikipedia Toolbox Print/export Languages • العربية • বাংলা • Boarisch • Bosanski • Български • Català • Česky • • • • • • .
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DC Battery Run Foot Pedal Control for Shaved Ice or Snow Cone Machine Hatsuyuki | eBay
DC Battery Run Foot Pedal Control for Shaved Ice or Snow Cone Machine Hatsuyuki
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Details about DC Battery Run Foot Pedal Control for Shaved Ice or Snow Cone Machine Hatsuyuki
“I bought this for my DC run Hatsuyuki Shave Ice Machine many years ago, I used it for one day, and I ”
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Set in the perfect location in Doolin, this... - Review of Dunroman House - TripAdvisor
Set in the perfect location in Doolin, this... - Review of Dunroman House
Set in the perfect location in Doolin, this guesthouse is the real deal. Spotlessly clean, bright and airy, comfortable beds and not a noise did we hear while we stayed there for 2 nights in mid august. Breakfast was 1st class. Our hostess made us feel most welcome and took the time to speak to us, see what we were interested in doing and offered advise and directions. Our stay in dunroman was more enjoyable than most 4* hotels that we stayed in.
Ask T O about Dunroman House
Pulled into Doolin late in the afternoon without a booking, we were warmly greeted and given a lovely large room. Great bed, good shower. Short walk to the local put, Just Right for us.
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pelicanblackshaw
Very comfortable B & B in beautiful Doolin. Martina was a wonderfully welcoming host, very helpful and friendly. We felt as though we were at a home away from home. We would certainly recommend, and would stay again.
Ask pelicanblackshaw about Dunroman House
Thank pelicanblackshaw
Great place to stay! Martina very welcoming!
Went to Doolin without a place to stay. (with our 2 grown children) We were all very tired and needed a good nights rest. Martina was wonderful. She gave us 2 big rooms with very comfortable beds in each room. Made us feel at home. Had a great breakfast the next day. She helped us find discount tickets for a boat ride to the Cliffs of Mohr. I would highly recommend staying here. Very clean and the breakfast was great. What a cute little town! This B & B should be higher on the list for places to stay in Doolin!
Ask cathieshop about Dunroman House
Thank cathieshop
Dunroman House was the BEST!
Stayed here for three days, we loved it so much! The location was excellent, the rooms were spacious and airy with comfortable beds. Showers had really good water pressure. Martina was wonderful! Breakfasts were fabulous. Highly recommend this B&B and we would not even look anywhere else if we ever get back to Doolin (which I hope we do!)
Ask katieo_11 about Dunroman House
tracydoherty100
Would recommend to families or couples
Found B@B very clean, food excellent,owner very nice and very friendly
Ask tracydoherty100 about Dunroman House
Thank tracydoherty100
Without exaggeration, this is simply the BEST B&B we stayed at during our 14 day trip to Ireland, stunning location, amazing service, comfortable rooms, delicious breakfast, and one of the sweetest owners I've ever met. Martina, is a warm hearted, funny and wonderful human being, I couldn't have stumbled upon a better place. If you aren't sold yet, you should be. As a photographer from NYC I loved it so much I made some pictures just to send her as a thank you.
The house itself is of recent construction, has a warm vibe, decorated very nicely. The rooms are spacious and comfortable, the bathrooms are immaculate. Beautiful home, beautiful people....stay here you will not regret it...and you will probably book another night. The location is exceptional for Doolin Bay, Doolin Cave, Cliffs of Moher, and a VERY brief walk to the local bar/restaurant that serves exceptional food! Again, THE BEST B&B WE STAYED AT during our trip...and we stayed in A LOT!
Room Tip: Talk to Martina she is exceptional!
Ask DylanPatrickPhoto about Dunroman House
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text: Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4680787 *Sep 12, 1986Jul 14, 1987Motorola, Inc.Portable radiotelephone vehicular converter and remote handsetUS4810960 *Jun 11, 1987Mar 7, 1989Marconi Instruments Ltd.Measuring adjacent channel powerUS4920496 *Apr 1, 1988Apr 24, 1990Reliance Comm/Tec CorporationApparatus and method for calculating signal level in decibelsUS4977399 *Aug 9, 1988Dec 11, 1990At&E CorporationMobile radio paging test systemUS5008953 *Jan 10, 1990Apr 16, 1991Telefonaktiebolaget L M EricssonMobile station link supervision utilizing digital voice color codesUS5042082 *Jun 26, 1989Aug 20, 1991Telefonaktiebolaget L. M. EricssonMobile assisted handoffGB2178270A * Title not availableJPS6420136A * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *AT&T Customer Information Bulletin 301, System Access Monitor (SAM) Installation and Operation, Apr. 1, 1984.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5428667 *Mar 11, 1993Jun 27, 1995Harris CorporationMulti-channel cellular communications intercept systemUS5448761 *Aug 25, 1993Sep 5, 1995Nec CorporationChannel assignment in a cellular mobile radio network with a CIR threshold level selected in dependency on priority degrees of channels used in the networkUS5451839 *Jan 12, 1993Sep 19, 1995Rappaport; Theodore S.Portable real time cellular telephone and pager network system monitorUS5471146 *Jun 14, 1993Nov 28, 1995Motorola, Inc.Method and apparatus for measuring return lossUS5504800 *Apr 4, 1994Apr 2, 1996Hughes Aircraft CompanyCellular automated test setUS5603085 *Mar 4, 1996Feb 11, 1997Motorola, Inc.Method of allocating communication resources in a communication systemUS5768689 *Apr 3, 1995Jun 16, 1998Telefonaktiebolaget Lm EricssonTransceiver testerUS5905963 *May 31, 1996May 18, 1999Airspan Communications CorporationSubscriber terminal monitor system for a wireless telecommunications systemUS5930707 *Sep 25, 1996Jul 27, 1999Alcatel N.V.System for remotely testing a cellphone base stationUS6011972 *Apr 21, 1997Jan 4, 2000Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Technique for setting cell coverageUS6035183 *Dec 9, 1997Mar 7, 2000Nortel Networks CorporationBasestation RSSI and BER feedback signal quality display and transmit diversityUS6230018 *May 14, 1998May 8, 2001Nortel Networks LimitedDevices and processing in a mobile radio communication network having calibration terminalsUS6266527 *Apr 28, 1998Jul 24, 2001Ericsson Inc.System and method for measuring power and bit error rate on the up-link and down-link simultaneouslyUS6282417 *May 7, 1999Aug 28, 2001David K. WardCommunication radio method and apparatusUS6298231Sep 29, 1998Oct 2, 2001Ready Com, Inc.Methods, systems, and devices for transmitting messages to wireless devicesUS6347217 *May 22, 1997Feb 12, 2002Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)Link quality reporting using frame erasure ratesUS6516189Mar 17, 1999Feb 4, 2003Telephia, Inc.System and method for gathering data from wireless communications networksUS6535736Dec 11, 1998Mar 18, 2003Lucent Technologies Inc.System and method for variably delaying access requests in wireless communications systemUS6788926Sep 8, 1999Sep 7, 2004Telephia, Inc.System and method for gathering data from wireless communications networksUS6952568 *Jan 12, 2001Oct 4, 2005Lucent Technologies Inc.Tracking power levels in a wireless telecommunications networkUS7010295 *Apr 25, 2001Mar 7, 2006Sprint Spectrum L.P.Method and system for automatic testing of network elementsUS7013136Aug 28, 2002Mar 14, 2006Telephia, Inc.System and method for gathering data from wireless communications networksUS7493105Mar 18, 2003Feb 17, 2009Simplexity, LlcCertification and activation of used phones on a wireless carrier networkUS7640035Dec 29, 2009Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Wireless home LAN system using multiple antennasUS7729944Sep 3, 1999Jun 1, 2010Simplexity, LlcSystem and methods for buying and selling telecommunication services via a networkUS7797193Oct 22, 1999Sep 14, 2010Simplexity, LlcSystems and methods for distributing telecommunication services via a networkUS8060409Nov 15, 2011Simplexity, LlcCertification and activation of used phones purchased through an online auctionUS8503991Apr 3, 2009Aug 6, 2013The Nielsen Company (Us), LlcMethods and apparatus to monitor mobile devicesUS8514907Oct 23, 2007Aug 20, 2013The Nielsen Company (Us), LlcMethods and systems to meter media content presented on a wireless communication deviceUS9331892Mar 15, 2013May 3, 2016The Nielsen Company (Us), LlcSystem and method for automatic sub-panel creation and managementUS9438939Jun 28, 2013Sep 6, 2016The Nielsen Company (Us), LlcMethods and systems to meter media content presented on a wireless communication deviceUS20020186701 *May 29, 2002Dec 12, 2002Kaplan Allen D.Multi-protocol telecommunications routing optimizationUS20030064722 *Aug 28, 2002Apr 3, 2003Tom FrangioneSystem and method for gathering data from wireless communications networksUS20040185833 *Mar 18, 2003Sep 23, 2004Michael WaldenCertification and activiation of used phones on a wireless carrier networkUS20060009208 *Jul 12, 2005Jan 12, 2006Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Wireless home LAN system using multiple antennasUS20080126420 *Oct 23, 2007May 29, 2008Wright David HMethods and systems to meter media content presented on a wireless communication deviceUS20080269245 *Jul 17, 2007Oct 30, 2008Schreiber Stuart LDioxanes and uses thereofEP0708573A2Oct 12, 1995Apr 24, 1996Telia AbMethod and device for supervision of preferably mobile telephone systemsEP1617598A1 *Jul 12, 2005Jan 18, 2006Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Wireless home LAN system using multiple antennasWO1996012369A1 *Aug 8, 1995Apr 25, 1996Motorola Inc.Method of allocating communication resources in a communication system* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification455/424, 455/508, 455/67.11International ClassificationH04W24/00Cooperative ClassificationH04W24/00European ClassificationH04W24/00Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 4, 1993ASAssignmentOwner name: SAFCO CORPORATION, ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHYMYCK, DARYL J.;LEMKE, KURT T.;REEL/FRAME:006743/0151Effective date: 19931021Nov 10, 1993ASAssignmentOwner name: SAFCO CORPORATION, ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHYMYCK, DARYL J.;LEMKE, KURT T.;REEL/FRAME:006753/0765Effective date: 19931021Sep 30, 1997REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedFeb 2, 1998FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Feb 2, 1998SULPSurcharge for late paymentJul 6, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: SAFCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC., ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SAFCO CORPORATION;SALIENT 3 COMMUNICATIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:010942/0795Effective date: 19960920Aug 21, 2001FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jan 8, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SAFCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:012539/0250Effective date: 20000718Aug 22, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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Medicine Used To Numb Nerves During Miner Surgery | eBay
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Patent US7385396 - SAR reduction in MR imaging with parallel RF transmission - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA computer readable storage medium in an example has a computer program stored thereon and represents a set of instructions that when executed by a computer during MR imaging causes the computer to: acquire a B1 field map for each transmit coil of a parallel RF transmit coil array; determine with a computational...http://www.google.com/patents/US7385396?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7385396 - SAR reduction in MR imaging with parallel RF transmissionAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7385396 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/379,403Publication dateJun 10, 2008Filing dateApr 20, 2006Priority dateApr 20, 2006Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20070247155Publication number11379403, 379403, US 7385396 B2, US 7385396B2, US-B2-7385396, US7385396 B2, US7385396B2InventorsYudong ZhuOriginal AssigneeGeneral Electric CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (15), Classifications (17), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSAR reduction in MR imaging with parallel RF transmission
US 7385396 B2Abstract
A computer readable storage medium in an example has a computer program stored thereon and represents a set of instructions that when executed by a computer during MR imaging causes the computer to: acquire a B1 field map for each transmit coil of a parallel RF transmit coil array; determine with a computational algorithm an excitation pulse scheme for a target excitation profile based on at least one effective B1 field map for a plurality of transmit coils of the parallel RF transmit coil array; and generate at least one SAR-reduced RF pulsing sequence for a respective transmit coil of the plurality of transmit coils of the parallel RF transmit coil array. The parallel RF transmit coil array is capable of having any parallel RF transmit coil array geometry. Each effective B1 field map reflects inductive coupling effects present between a transmit coil and at least another transmit coil.
1. A computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon and representing a set of instructions that when executed by a computer during MR imaging causes the computer to:
acquire a B1 field map for each transmit coil of a parallel RF transmit coil array, the parallel RF transmit coil array capable of having any parallel RF transmit coil array geometry;
determine with a computational algorithm an excitation pulse scheme for a target excitation profile based on at least one effective B1 field map for a plurality of transmit coils of the parallel RF transmit coil array, wherein each effective B1 field map reflects inductive coupling effects present between a transmit coil and at least another transmit coil; and
generate at least one SAR-reduced RF pulsing sequence for a respective transmit coil of the plurality of transmit coils of the parallel RF transmit coil array, wherein said SAR-reduced RF pulsing sequence is integrated into said excitation pulse scheme.
2. The computer readable storage medium of claim 1 wherein the set of instructions during MR imaging causes the computer to generate the at least one SAR-reduced RF pulsing sequence based on a quadratic-form relation between RF pulses and RF power deposition, wherein the at least one SAR-reduced RF pulsing sequence minimizes the RF power deposition across an imaging volume without causing substantial deviation of an RF excitation profile created by the parallel RF transmit coil array from the target excitation profile.
3. The computer readable storage medium of claim 1 wherein the set of instructions during MR imaging causes the computer to generate the at least one SAR-reduced RF pulsing sequence based on an optimization algorithm and using as inputs at least one effective B1 field map for the transmit coils and a quadratic-form relation between RF pulses and RF power deposition.


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Ver Asalto Al Poder En Español | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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(Redirected from St. Trinian's)
During 1941 Searle had left for the artist's community in the village of Kirkcudbright in Edinburgh and it was whilst visiting the family Johnston there that he made a drawing to please their two schoolgirl daughters, Cécilé and Pat, (their school had been evacuated to New Gala House in Galashiels in the Scottish Borders owing to the war), and Searle was puzzled as to why two schoolgirls should seem so keen to return to their school, an Academy for Young Ladies in Dalkeith Road — the name of their school was St Trinnean's.[3][4]
Searle's St. Trinian's was based on two independent girls' schools in Cambridge—Perse School for Girls, now known as the co-educational Stephen Perse Foundation, and St Mary's School. Searle, growing up in Cambridge, saw the girls on their way to and from school on a regular basis and they were the original inspiration for the cartoons and the character. Testaments to this fact can be found in the Perse School for Girls' Archive area where there are several original St Trinian's books, given to the school by Ronald Searle. He also based the school partly on the former Cambridgeshire High School for Girls (now Long Road Sixth Form College).[5]
In December 2007, a new film, St Trinian's, was released. The cast included Rupert Everett, Colin Firth, Russell Brand, Lily Cole, Talulah Riley, Stephen Fry, and Gemma Arterton.[6][7] Reviews were mixed.[8] A second new St. Trinian's film was released in 2009.
The school has no fixed motto but has had several suggested ones. The school's motto is depicted in the original movies from the 1950s and 1960s as In flagrante delicto ("Caught in the Act"). This can be seen on the trophy shelf, above the stairs in The Belles of St Trinian's (1954). The lyrics of the original theme song by Sidney Gilliat (c. 1954) implies that the school's motto is "Get your blow in first"[9] (Semper debeatis percutis ictu primo). A poem in one of Searle's books called "St Trinian's Soccer Song" by D. B. Wyndham Lewis and Johnny Dankworth states the motto is Floreat St. Trinian's ("May St. Trinian's Bloom/Flourish"),[10] a sly reference to the motto of Eton (Floreat Etona—"May Eton Flourish").
The musical score for the St. Trinian films was written by Malcolm Arnold and included the school song, with words accredited to Sidney Gilliat (1954). [11] In the 2007 film, a new school song was written by Girls Aloud called "Defenders of Anarchy". The school also has a fight song.
The gauge 0 model train manufacturer ACE Trains produce an "unorthodox" model of a British Schools Class steam locomotive (which were named after British schools), numbered 1922 and named "St Trinneans" (sic). This model is bright pink and has a pair of uniformed schoolgirls as driver and fireman.[12]
In 1990, Chris Claremont and Ron Wagner paid tribute to both Searle and St Trinian's in a story arc in the Marvel comic book Excalibur, in which Kitty Pryde became a student at "St Searle's School for Young Ladies".[13] Towards the end of the arc, Commandere Dai Thomas exclaims, "I took a look at the Special Branch records. Have you any notion what this school's done in the past? With them about, who needs the perishing SAS?"[14]
^ "Model Cole joins Trinian's film". BBC News. 11 April 2007. Retrieved 6 January 2010. ^ "Lily's the belle of St Trinian's". Daily Mail (London). 11 April 2007. Retrieved 3 March 2010. ^ "St Trinian's (2009)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 3 March 2010. ^ Webb, Kaye, ed. (1959). The St Trinian's Story. London; New York (respectively): Perpetua Books; London House & Maxwell. pp. 44–45. OCLC 2898524. ^ Webb, Kaye, ed. (1959). The St Trinian's Story. London; New York (respectively): Perpetua Books; London House & Maxwell. pp. 46–48. OCLC 2898524. ^ Original St. Trinian's song (video). YouTube. ^ E/10 Schools class Locomotive ACE Trains. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St_Trinian%27s_School&oldid=729889295"	Categories: British comic stripsGag cartoon comicsGag-a-day comicsFictional schoolsFictional locations in comics1946 comics debuts1952 comics endingsChild characters in comicsBritish comics charactersSt Trinian's filmsBritish comics adapted into filmsFictional trickstersSchool-themed comicsComics about womenComics characters introduced in 1941Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statementsArticles with unsourced statements from March 2010	Navigation menu
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Patent US5458879 - Oral vehicle compositions - Google Patents
Disclosed are oral pharmaceutical vehicle compositions comprising from about 0.05 to about 20% of a water-soluble mucoadhesive....http://www.google.com/patents/US5458879?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5458879 - Oral vehicle compositions
Publication number US5458879 A
Application number US 08/316,172
Also published as CA2183746A1, CA2183746C, CN1143317A, EP0748212A1, WO1995023591A1
Publication number 08316172, 316172, US 5458879 A, US 5458879A, US-A-5458879, US5458879 A, US5458879A
Inventors Nikhilesh N. Singh, Anne M. Carella, Ronald L. Smith
Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (226), Classifications (22), Legal Events (6)
Oral vehicle compositions
US 5458879 A
--(O--CH2- --CH2)--x
______________________________________Ingredients         Amount (W/V)______________________________________Dextromethorphan HBr               0.133High fructose corn syrup               45.000Tween 60            0.500Tween 80            0.500Propylene glycol    9.000Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose               0.0450Poly (ethylene oxide)               0.300(molecular wt = 5,000,000)Potassium sorbate   0.100Alcohol 95% v/v     5.000Natural menthol     0.050Sodium citrate      0.522Citric acid, anhydrous               0.338Saccharin, sodium   0.025Aspartame           0.200Flavor              0.844TK-10               0.010WS-3                0.012FD&C Red #40        0.030Water, purified     qs 100______________________________________ 1 Polyox WSR Coag from Union Carbide
______________________________________Ingredients               % W/V______________________________________Dextromethorphan HBr      0.133Guafenesin                1.333Pseudoephedrine HCl       0.300(R,S) Ibuprofen           1.000High fructose corn syrup  45.000Tween 60                  0.500Tween 80                  0.500Propylene glycol          9.000Sodium Carboxymethyl cellulose                     0.450Poly (ethylene oxide)(molecular wt = 5,000,000)                     0.300Potassium sorbate         0.100Alcohol 95% v/v           5.000Natural menthol           0.050Sodium citrate            0.522Citric acid, anhydrous    0.338Saccharin, sodium         0.025Aspartame                 0.200Flavor                    0.844TK-10                     0.010WS-3                      0.012FD&C Red #40              0.030Water, purified           qs 100______________________________________ 1 Polyox WSR Coag from Union Carbide
______________________________________Ingredients          % W/V______________________________________Dextromethorphan HBr 0.133Guafenesin           1.333S(+)- Ibuprofen      1.000High fructose corn syrup                45.000Tween 60             0.500Tween 80             0.500Propylene glycol     9.000Sodium Carboxymethyl cellulose                0.450Poly (acrylic acid) polymer1                0.300Potassium sorbate    0.100Alcohol 95% v/v      5.000Natural menthol      0.050Sodium citrate       0.522Citric acid, anhydrous                0.338Saccharin, sodium    0.025Aspartame            0.200Prosweet Liquid      0.200Flavor, Watermelon   0.020Flavor, Cherry       0.520Flavor Cherry        0.104TK-10                0.010WS-3                 0.012FD&C Red #40         0.030Water, purified      qs 100______________________________________ 1 Available as Carbopol 934P from B. F. Goodrich Corp.
______________________________________Ingredients            % w/v______________________________________Bismuth subsalicylate slurry                  18.140Methyl cellulose       1.090Magnesium aluminum silicate                  0.990Poly (ethylene oxide)(mol. wt = 4,000,000)                  0.300Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose                  0.450Methyl salicylate      0.080Salicylic acid         0.070Sodium saccharin       0.060Benzoic acid           0.020Sorbic acid            0.012D&C red no. 22         0.007D&C red no. 28         0.005Purified water         qs 100______________________________________ 1 Available as Polyox WSR 301 from Union Carbide
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WO2000010528A1 * Aug 24, 1999 Mar 2, 2000 The Procter & Gamble Company Oral liquid mucoadhesive compositions
WO2000010529A1 * Aug 24, 1999 Mar 2, 2000 The Procter & Gamble Company Oral liquid mucoadhesive compositions
WO2000010530A1 * Aug 24, 1999 Mar 2, 2000 The Procter & Gamble Company Oral liquid mucoadhesive compositions
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U.S. Classification 424/400, 424/486, 514/781, 514/772, 514/772.5, 424/484, 514/772.6, 514/772.3, 514/772.2
International Classification A61K9/20, A61K47/34, A61K47/38, A61K47/32, A61K9/08, A61K9/00, A61K9/46
Cooperative Classification A61K9/0007, A61K9/006, A61K9/0095
European Classification A61K9/00M18D, A61K9/00Z6, A61K9/00L6


text:
IJERTV1IS9507 | Mathematical Optimization
BrowseInterestsBiography & MemoirBusiness & LeadershipFiction & LiteraturePolitics & EconomyHealth & WellnessSociety & CultureHappiness & Self-HelpMystery, Thriller & CrimeHistoryYoung AdultBrowse byBooksAudiobooksNews & MagazinesSheet MusicBrowse allUploadSign inJoinInternational Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol.1 Issue 9, November- 2012
Optimization Of Spring Weight Using Genetic Algorithm
A. M. Satyanarayana, B. T. N. Charyulu, C. S. C. V. Ramanamurthy Naidu, D. G. Appala Naidu
1. Abstract: Optimization is a technique through which better results are obtained under certain circumstances. The present work deals with the problem of weight In this paper, a non traditional optimization technique, namely Genetic Algorithm is used. Optimal design of /Spring is solved using Genetic Algorithm. From the results obtained, it is observed that the optimum dimensions and weight obtained by GA are closer and they are much better than the values obtained by Consol-Opt cad In the present study, weight
minimization of Spring. Spring problem has large number of multivariable and non-linear equations / in equalities. Hence traditional
optimization techniques cannot be applied in these cases. Traditional optimization techniques have a possibility for the
solutions to get trapped into local minima. Also the algorithm developed for one type
IIJJE ER RT T
minimization of a spring has been investigated. Powerful evolutionary
of problem may not be suitable for another type of problem.
algorithm (Genetic Algorithm) has been used to solve this problem.
A. M.Satyanarayana, Roll No.10A01D1505, NOVA College of Engg.& Tech.Jangareddigudem, W.G.Dist,A.P Corresponding author, Email:satyamallapu@gmail.com, B. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NOVA College of E&T ,Jangareddigudem,W.G.Dist A.P C. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KHIT, Guntur, A.P D. G.AppalaNaidu,Roll No.10A01D1501 NOVA College of Engg.& Tech. W.G.Dist,A.P
Keywords: Optimization, Spring, Genetic Algorithm, Weight. 2. Introduction Design optimization can be defined as the process of finding the maximum or minimum of some parameters which may call the objective function and it must also satisfy a certain set of specified
requirements called constraints. Many methods have been developed and are in
Leaf spring. scheduling. Nonconventional techniques are applied to such cases. Dr. Different techniques are to be used in different problems. 1 Issue 9. Then the designer needs to choose the important design variables associated with the design problem. Genetic Algorithms have good potential as optimization techniques for complex problems and have been
variable bounds. heat transfer. Shapour Azarm [1.
annealing algorithms were explained with examples in non traditional algorithms. The first step is to realize the need for using optimization for a specific design problem.. the optimum dimensions of the leaf spring were found to be minimum weight with adequate strength and stiffness. and
for machine component i. which then can be solved using an optimization algorithm.ijert. Figure 1 show the common steps involved in an optimal design formulation process.
www. objective function. The purpose of the formulation procedure is to create a mathematical model of the optimal design problem.1. 2] has worked on optimization of helical spring using consol-optcad and he extended his work to fly wheel using the same optimization procedure. Usually a hierarchy is followed in the optimal design process. vehicle routing. In these cases it is difficult to apply traditional optimization techniques.Vijayarangan.org
. Kalyanmoy Deb [5] presented different types of optimization algorithms viz. V. November. The formulation of optimal design problems requires other considerations such as constraints.
By using Genetic Algorithm. although one consideration may get influenced by the other. accepts An an
S. traditional and non-traditional and
algorithms. Genetic algorithms are found to have a better global perspective than the traditional methods.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. Optimal Problem Formulation The objectives in a design problem and the associated design
engineering problems. etc. All these methods use mathematical programming techniques for solutions.2012
use for design optimization.e. These are potential search and optimization techniques for complex
successfully applied in the area of Mechanical Engineering. Popular
applications include machine elements design.
parameters vary from product to product. 2.Alagappan [3] was applied Genetic Algorithm technique
optimization problem only in a particular format.
The constraints represent somefunctional relationships among the design variables and other design parameters satisfying certain physical phenomenon and certain resource limitations.
www.2. The final task of the formulation procedure is to set the minimum and the maximum bounds on each design variable. 2. In many mechanical engineering problems. The nature and number of constraints to be included in the
formulation depend on the user. Other design parameters usually remain fixed or vary in relation to the design variables. Instead the designer chooses the most important objective as the objective function of the optimization problem and the other objectives are included as constraints by restricting their values with in a certain range. Some of these considerations require that the design remain in static or dynamic equilibrium. a component needs to be designed in such a way that it can be placed inside a fixed housing.2012
the constraints are formulated to satisfy stress and deflection limitations.1 Flow chart for general Optimal design Procedure.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol.
bounds: The common engineering
. which are primarily varied during the optimization process.3. 1 Issue 9. Often. Either the constraints are of an inequality type or of an equality type. The objective function can be of two types. Either the objective function is to be maximized or minimized. there by restricting size of the component. Objective function and Variable Fig.
variables. November.ijert. There are usually two types of constraints that emerge from most
considerations. Design variables and Constraints: The optimization identifying formulation of
objectives involve minimization of overall cost of manufacturing or minimization of overall weight of a component or
problem the
maximization of net profit earned or maximization of total life of a product or others.
1. 2… N. 4. That is why the optimization literature contains a large number of algorithms. 3. The
readjusted and the optimization algorithm may be simulated again. but may perform poorly on other
and Xi
may be difficult. J. Mathematical representation of the nonlinear programming problem: Minimize f(X) Subject to gj(X)  0..
3. Thereafter convert the binary coding in to decimal value and calculate the actual values of design variables with
www.2. xN)T. The chosen bound may not be correct.………. i =l. In general.………. this the information. The constraints must be written in a way so that the right side of the inequality or equality sign is zero. crossover and mutation. One way
to remedy this situation is to make a guess about the optimal solution and set the minimum and maximum bounds so that the optimal solution lies within these two bounds.org
.ijert.2. constraints In these
hK(X)=0.J. the objective function as a scalar quantity f(X). x2. When the simple Genetic
Algorithms is implemented it is usually done in a manner that involves the following operators such as fitness
proportionate. and k equality constraints and hK(X)=0.2.
terms function
constraints certain
objective problems
In any given problem the determination of the variables bounds Xi
(L) (U)
involve nonlinear terms for them.K. inequality constraints as gj(X)  0. Certain problems involve linear
surround the feasible region. Working Principle.2012
Certain Optimization algorithms do not require problems. November. 1 Issue 9.………. all N design variables are restricted to lie with in the minimum and the maximum bounds as follows: Xi (L)  Xi  Xi (U) for i = 1. known as nonlinear programming format. Some algorithms perform better on one problem.………..
optimization algorithms involve repetitive application of certain procedures they need to be used with the help of a computer. Xi (L)  Xi  Xi (U) .International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. Optimization Algorithms. Denoting the design variables as a column vector X= (xl.reproduction. each suitable to solve a particular type of problem. k=1. The Genetic Algorithm begins with an initial population of size is equal to 10 (zeroth generation) of strings which consists of binary coding selected at random. The chosen bound may be
problems. j= 1.N.. Optimization Problem Format: The optimization problem can be mathematically written in a special format.
First.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. Wire springs include helical springs of round or square wire and are made to resist tensile. November. It is the random flipping of the bits or gene that is
changing a zero to one and vice versa. flat springs or special-shaped springs and there are variations within these divisions. 5. Flow chart of Genetic algorithm 5. This modified objective function is used to calculate the fitness values of each individual string and also calculate the average fitness value. This iteration is termed as generation in genetic Algorithms. so
that the first cycle of operation is completed which is called as iteration. Fig. In general. This new generation creates a second population (i. and then crossover site is selected at random with in the string length and position values are swapped between the same strings. the
reproduction operator makes a match of two individual strings for mating. Next calculates the value of objective function by substituting the design variables and thereafter violation coefficient (C) and the corresponding modified objective function is obtained. the wound motor or clock-type power springs.e. to provide flexibility.org
. It is an iterative optimization procedure.ijert. compressive or torsional loads. Genetic algorithm is a population based search and optimization technique.
generation -1). 1 Issue 9. Genetic algorithm works as follows
machines to exert force. springs may be classified as wire springs. 1 Introduction Mechanical springs are used in
Finally the mutation is applied to the randomly selected strings.2012
in their range by using mapping rule. and to store or absorb energy. the flat
www.2. Optimal Design of Spring. This second population is further evaluated and tested for optimal solution which is obtained at zero
violation and at the higher fitness value. Cantilever and elliptical types belongs to flat springs.
sum of the weight of active and inactive coils.org
.2 Objective Function The objective function is to minimize the weight of the spring. cameras.g. e. (ii) To
springs or
shocks e. Q is a constant and N
temporarily displaced. The main applications of the springs are as follows: (i) To act as e. (iii) To return the mechanical part to its original position when it has been
force. Where k is defined as:
FU  FL Gd 2 k   8D 3 N
In certain applications springs are designed with a specific objective such as minimum weight. 5. toys a reservoir in
storage capacity. clocks. The weight of the spring is the
energy. (iv) To measure
depends on the spring gradient k. clutches and linkages. minimum volume or maximum energy
So it can be written a
 2   Gdc 3
 4   8k
 3  Q Cd 
www. e.g.
suspension spring.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. In this case consider the optimum design of a valve spring. springs in valves. 1 Issue 9. In such analysis only one objective is considered at a time for a given application.2012
spring washers are often called Belleville springs.
vibrations.ijert.
N  Q Cd 3 4 N and Q are the number
 2
of active and inactive coils respectively. November.
1 Helical compression spring
g1: K1C-1d2  1 Where
K1  Gf 112800( FU  FL )
5. such internal vibrations will significantly
d2 4 Fu
Gd 4 Where N= 8D 3 k
www.1 Helical compression spring
fig 5. large amplitude longitudinal vibration will
function of boundary conditions and is normally presented graphically.3. possibly resulting in a premature
fatigue failure. An
approximate equation to avoid buckling conservatively assuming both ends hinged is L=Nd(1+A)  11. In a high speed mechanism the natural frequency of the spring is taken as 13 times the fundamental frequency of
the applied force. f = 13 fan This requirement (fn  f) is expressed as follows:
Fig.3.2012
increase the maximum shear stress in the spring. November. This will appreciably affect the force exerted by the spring on the components of the mechanism also.3 CONSTRAINTS:-
There are 11 constraints in this problem.5k
.ijert. 1 Issue 9.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol.5. They are
5.1 Surging (g1):If the spring is used in a high speed mechanism and a condition of resonance exists with the forcing function.2 Buckling (g2):The critical length of spring is a
4 Spring Index (g4):The spring index (defined by C=D/d) must be bounded by a maximum
www.ijert.2) into (5.3 Minimum number of coils (g3):A lower limit on the number of coils must be imposed in order to obtain accuracy and control in manufacturing. IU and a minimum number.2012
g2: K2C-5  1
number.3.3k 2
IL  4 IU  20 The corresponding constraints are: g4: K4C  1 g5: K5C-1  1
5.3.2.3.2. This requirement is Where N=
K4  1 IU
K5  IL
Gd 4 8D 3 k
5.3.3. A value of three is normally used as an absolute minimum but a larger value can be selected to keep the pitch angle small (Preferably 120-150).5 Pocket Length (g6):When space is limited.3.2)
Substituting (5.2) and normalizing gives g6: K6d2C-3 +L6d  1
5.3. November.1) into (5.1) of a spring in its machine setting must be and normalizing results to the constraint: g3: K3C3 d-1  1 below an upper limit. IL.3.3. Experience indicates that extreme values
GFU (1  A) 22. The maximum length (Lm) at maximum force (Fu) is L+Qd  Lm
K3 
8kNmin G
Substituting (5.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. the length
(5.org
.3. 1 Issue 9.3.
6 Maximum Allowable Outside Diameter (g7):Maximum allowable outside diameter. This relation was found for the given limits of the wire diameter for different materials.8 Upper and Lower on wire Diameter (g9. the
1 K7  5.3.3)
allowance of approximately 10% of the total spring deflection at the maximum work load..3.ijert.org
. it is only necessary to provide sufficient difference clash in allowance length (i. g9 : K9 d-1  1 g10 : K-110 d  1
5. The usual recommendation is to provide a clash
K 8  ID
(5. OD D+d  OD or in normalized form g7: K7 (Cd +d)  1
The strength of the spring material is a function of the wire diameter. 1 Issue 9.3. ID D-d  ID or in normalized form: g8 : C-1+K8 C-1d-1  1
maximum load and spring solid positions) to allow for any possible combinations of tolerance stack-up. Therefore if the maximum working load approaches the spring condition. g10):-
5.7 Minimum OD
Allowable Inside Diameter (g8) :Minimum allowable outside diameter.3. differential thermal expansion and wear of parts. November.9 Clash allowance (g11):Where Stresses are limited by the spring solid condition.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol.
5.7.3.e.
. Nmin=3 G
g4: K4C  1 Where K4=
1 1 = =0.
g7 : C-K7d-1 + 1  0
www. Fl=80.35mm Fu=133.4466N.3…j Where j=number of constraints =1 to 11 Gi(X) written as g1: K1d2-C  0 can be L6=
g5: K5C-1  1 Where K5=IL=4 g6:K6d2C-3+L6d  1 Where K6=
Q Lm
G (1  A) 8KLm
Lm= 31.8(FU .i=1. =6.2012
L2-Ls  0.ijert.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. Gi (X) 0.1 
 = LF-L2
Where K1 =
Gf 112800( FU  FL )
G=79982 N/mm3
F  FL = U k
f=500 Hz.05 20 IU
2  G W= { dC-3+Q} Cd3 4 8K
Subjected to eleven constraints.06796 N g2: K2 -C5 0
L2=[N(1+A)+Q]d Ls=(N+Q)d K2= L2-Ls = NAd Constraint g11 in normalized form is g11 : K11 C3d-2  1 Where
GFU (1  A) .Cl 22.2. 1 Issue 9. November.75 mm .FL ) k11  AG
g3: K3C3 -d ≤0 Where K3=
The objective is to minimize the weight of spring is given by
8KN min .3K 2
earance constant = 0.Q = 2.4
Where K7 =
compression spring has been discussed by using Consol-Optcad and optimization capability of Genetic Algorithms (GA).8.2248 2.org
.56246 10. Optimal Design Model Mathematical model for optimal design of spring is summarized as Minimize W=
2  G { dC-3+Q} Cd3 4 8K
6. The results obtained for helical compression spring are shown in table A.3.089194 g9: K9d-1  1 g10: (K10)-1d  1 g11: K11C3 -d2  0
g5: K5C-1  1 g6:K6d2C-3+L6d  1 g7 : C-K7d-1 + 1  0 g8: K8d-1-C+10
www.05 mm. It was observed that the optimum dimensions and minimum weight obtained by GA are better than the values obtained by the Consol-Optcad method.ijert.
OD = 38. g9: K9d-1  1 g10: (K10)-1d  1 g11: K11C -d  0
Where K11=
0. Results and Discussions Subject to g1: K1d2-C  0 g2: K2 -C5 0 g3: K3C3 -d ≤0 g4: K4C  1
Method Consol-Optcad GA
C 9. November. g8: K8d-1-C+10 Where K8=ID=19.09875 0.112903 W(N) 0.8( FU  FL ) AG
5. Two design variables and 11 constraints are considered in the helical compression spring problem. 1 Issue 9.032258
d (mm) 2.1 mm.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol.
. S.org
. 4 Kalylanmoy Deb. 1999. Table – A:-Helical Compression Spring. "Optimization for Engineering Design Algorithms and Examples". "Optimization Theory and applications". V. 1 Issue 9.Shapour Azarm.Vijayarangan. It is found that the results obtained from genetic algorithms are less in weight as compared to consol opticad method.S.Alagappan.
I.Goldberg. Singapore. The minimum weight of Helical Dr. New Delhi. USA. vol 70 pp: 135-139.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol.ijert.
Compression Spring obtained by GA is reduced by 9. It is found that the results obtained by genetic algorithms are better. 3 David E. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. "Design optimization of Leaf Springs using Genetic
Algorithms". Journal of IE (I). 1996. 1989. University of Maryland.
the past aimed at a Design problem with
single objective function with single
variable and with or without constraints. Reference 1. 1984. "Helical spring Optimization via
Consol-optcad".2012
8. Wiley Eastern. "Genetic
Algorithms in search optimization a Machine learning".
www. 1995.Rajendran. New Delhi. Addison-Wesley
Operation in Engineering Design is
publishing company. 2. 5 Singiresu. November..67 %. when compared to the weight obtained by Consol .. But here the code is used for the optimization of helical compression spring to minimize the weight.Optcad solution7. search space is wide and it aims at global optimum than that the local optimum as in a traditional method for the same input parameters.Rao.
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9780321864451: Active Learning Guide for College Physics - AbeBooks - Eugenia Etkina; Michael Gentile; Alan Van Heuvelen: 032186445X
Eugenia Etkina; Michael Gentile; Alan Van Heuvelen Active Learning Guide for College Physics
ISBN 13: 9780321864451
Discovery-based activities reinforce physics concepts by allowing students to apply physics phenomena to everyday
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Crib sheet 06.07.10 | Education | The Guardian
Crib sheet 06.07.10
How gay-friendly is your campus?
Photograph: Elliot Franks/PA
Tuesday 6 July 2010 05.45 EDT
Last modified on Friday 9 July 2010 07.28 EDT
The Guardian prides itself on the best university guide out there. But, fabulous and interactive as it is, it can't do everything. So yippee for Stonewall, and its guide to gay-friendliness on campus, based on a ten-point checklist of good practice. Check out how your institution performs.
Where's the head? Doing a course on how to deal with underperforming teachers perhaps. Warwick Mansell finds out what performance management is all about. Particularly pertinent, of course, amid claims by Chris Woodhead and chums that there are thousands of incompetent teachers being shuffled from school to school.
Apprentice MP When you think of a parliamentary researcher, the cherubic middle-classness of Chris Addison may spring to mind. But a new Tory MP is swimming against the Oxbridge tide by asking Harlow college in Essex to find him an apprentice from among its business administration students.
Are you aware of cuts at your school, college or university? Please report them on our Cutswatch page, so that we can incorporate your news into our coverage.
Photograph: Fatih Saribas/Reuters
Oh we just can't resist the "revival of deep thought". This is to be achieved, it seems, simply by abolishing AS-levels and coursework and making sixth-formers write the mother of all exams at the end of their school life. It's all yours, Mr Gove:
"We will see fewer modules and more exams at the end of two years of sixth form and, as a result, a revival of the art of deep thought."
In response to schools minister Nick Gibb, who said everyone should know who Miss Havisham is and be able to name British prime ministers of yore, Mishk mishk wrote:
"I find the following particularly laughable: 'The great figures of literature that still populate the conversations of all those who regard themselves as well-educated should be known to all.'If those things interest you, great. But don't impose them on the rest of us because you miss the fact that Britian is no longer a superpower. It's a cheaper method than nuclear weapons I suppose, but not as exciting."
You know in Toy Story when the toys come to life and outwit the dumb humans? Or how the Kitt the car – rather than David Hasselhoff – is the intellectual giant of Knight Rider? Well the Improbable Researchers got to thinking this week about which of our electronic devices were most likely to rise up against us. They reckon we should keep an eye on the garage.
Cars can already parallel park apparently (giving them the edge over many drivers). And they now control so many of their own functions – from breaking to locking to heating – that they could easily bump us off if they turned nasty. Gulp.
Gardening Photograph: Alamy
Gardening It's recession-proof, pleasurable and – would you believe – cool. Teenagers are flocking to register for courses.
Graduate jobs crisis There are 70 applicants for every job, a poll reveals.
School buiding programme crash Is your school having its building work cancelled?
Who do we think we are? The fascination with genealogy and family history seems insatiable.
Shortage of school places? Sponsor children to fill empty places at private schools. It's cost-effective, argues a consultant.
Free schools Whose getting money to tell parents how to set them up? An organisation very close to Michael Gove, it seems.
Student politics Is it a good route on to the political career ladder?
Jonathan Wolff Distance learning may cut costs, but could it widen the social divide?

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Patent US7497019 - Laser reference device - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA chassis can be electro-mechanically rotated about an axis. The chassis contains a laser module and an inclination sensor. A laser beam and/or a laser line or plane can be emitted from chassis using a lens or reflector to focus the light in the desired beam or plane shape. The inclinometer/accelerometer...http://www.google.com/patents/US7497019?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7497019 - Laser reference deviceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7497019 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/497,991Publication dateMar 3, 2009Filing dateAug 2, 2006Priority dateAug 4, 2005Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20070028470Publication number11497991, 497991, US 7497019 B2, US 7497019B2, US-B2-7497019, US7497019 B2, US7497019B2InventorsDerek J. Nash, John SmithOriginal AssigneeIrwin Industrial Tool CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (117), Non-Patent Citations (3), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetLaser reference deviceUS 7497019 B2Abstract A chassis can be electro-mechanically rotated about an axis. The chassis contains a laser module and an inclination sensor. A laser beam and/or a laser line or plane can be emitted from chassis using a lens or reflector to focus the light in the desired beam or plane shape. The inclinometer/accelerometer senses the spatial orientation of the chassis and a microprocessor drives a motor through a motor control to adjust the angular orientation of the chassis. Preset angular orientations may be programmed into microprocessor that define predetermined angular orientations of the chassis.
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text:
Bayern need late Kimmich goal to edge past Hamburg | Daily Mail Online
Published: 11:28 EST, 24 September 2016 | Updated: 11:28 EST, 24 September 2016
Strugglers Hamburg had battled hard to protect a goalless draw and end a three-game losing run, with goalkeeper Rene Adler making a string of key saves before Kimmich drilled in a Franck Ribery cutback at the far post.
The keeper was finally beaten when Ribery launched another trademark run, cut across the goalmouth and Kimmich slipped in to score the winner to extend Bayern's perfect start to the season with their fifth win in five matches. (Reporting by Karolos Grohmann, editing by Ed Osmond)

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Premier League 2019‑20 preview No 11: Manchester City | Football | The Guardian
Premier League 2019‑20 preview No 11: Manchester City
Pep Guardiola’s domestic kings have moved slickly in the market to give them the best chance of repelling Liverpool
Mon 5 Aug 2019 03.24 EDT Last modified on Sun 11 Aug 2019 07.21 EDT
The champions kick off the new season as favourites again. Photograph: Adrian Dennis/AFP/Getty Images
Guardian writers’ predicted position: Champions (NB: this is not necessarily Jamie Jackson’s prediction but the average of our writers’ tips)
Odds to win the league (via Oddschecker): 1-2
Manchester City will enter the season as domestic kings supreme who may decide it prudent to abdicate two of their three crowns.
Pep Guardiola and his players would never concede the point publicly but a deal in which the FA and Carabao Cups are not retained in exchange for a third consecutive title and a run to the Champions League final would surely be snapped up.
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This is the equation Guardiola may light upon when assessing the clean sweep of home competitions in what was a season for the ages from his team. Here the manager’s analysis would run that to retain the Premier League and take City beyond their best return of a European Cup semi-final his forces must be marshalled differently.
City’s Champions League quarter-final elimination by Tottenham Hotspur was by the tightest of margins: defeat on away goals after the tie ended 4-4. City would have triumphed if Raheem Sterling’s late strike had not been ruled out by VAR, and being unable to score in the opening leg meant they failed to gain an edge that might have proved vital.
This, though, is the point: a City side whose focus and energies were not diluted by having to battle for all four available trophies could have swung the percentages their way and not allowed a Spurs team who were overpowered by Liverpool in the final to scrape through.
Guardiola’s ethos of believing every match should be won is admirable but in 2019-20 mental and physical resources will be saved if the FA and League Cups are sacrificed and retaining the league (again) and becoming champions of the continent is made the holy grail.
Liverpool, of course, are buoyed by that sixth European Cup triumph and will be intent on overtaking City to claim an inaugural Premier League crown. The two sides traded blows in an unusually feisty Community Shield and Jürgen Klopp’s side were only a point short of a stunning double of their own last season. But it shows City’s dominance that they repelled the challenge of a team who lost only once (crucially, to Guardiola’s men).
Liverpool, again, will be City’s main foe domestically and in Europe. As is now custom under the Txiki Begiristain-Ferran Soriano sporting director-chief executive axis, City have moved slickly in the market to give them the best chance of holding off Klopp’s men. The defensive midfielder Rodri joined from Atlético Madrid in the first week of July, City paying his €70m (£62.8m) release clause, so the addition of a central defender, following Vincent Kompany’s departure for Anderlecht, is the only real recruitment issue remaining.
Guardiola’s first-choice would have been Juventus’ Leonardo Bonucci but the need to fill the homegrown quota means he has to look to these shores. Leicester City’s £80m-plus valuation of Harry Maguire has so far priced out City – by around £15m – and Bournemouth’s Nathan Aké remains a low-level standby. The 24-year-old is a Netherlands international but qualifies as home-reared after joining Chelsea at 16.
City may end the window having not added a centre-back. Yet whether they do and how the high ball is dealt with could be crucial. In a team that are so impressive, identifying a “weakness” can be a fool’s game but, in Kompany, Guardiola has lost 6ft 3in of aerial dominance and, even before the Belgian’s departure, the manager confessed to concern regarding City’s lack of height.
Rodri’s 6ft 3in can help buttress this and Guardiola may deploy him at centre-back on occasion, as he does the smaller (at 5ft 9in) Fernandinho. A further option is Eric García, though the 18-year-old centre-back made his debut only last term so is potential rather a seasoned performer.
All of this throws light on how John Stones’s career at the club has so far disappointed. His challenge is to prove he can become the accomplished defender Guardiola hoped for when buying him three years ago. Stones still makes too many errors and was demoted to second choice last season.
The club have re-signed Angeliño from PSV Eindhoven for £5.3m, having sold the left-back to the Dutch club 12 months ago. City decided to utilise a buy-back clause, partly because of Benjamin Mendy’s injury-plagued two years, though as PSV were fielding bids of around £20m for the Spaniard this was sound business sense, too.
Oleksandr Zinchenko may start as the first-choice left-back (Fabian Delph, who deputised in the role, has left for Everton for £8.5m) and Kyle Walker could face fresh competition at right-back. Danilo, his understudy, would be allowed to go and talks have reopened over João Cancelo of Juventus.
Should Leroy Sané remain a City player – he is Bayern Munich’s “dream” signing, according to their manager, Niko Kovac – this can be chalked up as major success given the forward’s sublime talent and the pull of the German champions.
None of the above, though, can be rated more than low-level trifles for Guardiola, underlining what a smoothly professional operation City are. The bigger issue could lie with the manager himself: can he again self-motivate and fire up his squad for a nine-month assault on success? The 48-year-old prides himself on unerring self-analysis, knowing where, precisely, he is regarding energy levels, contentment and desire. The year’s sabbatical taken after coaching Barcelona to recharge is evidence of this. But, subconsciously, might Guardiola slacken off even the half a per cent that can be crucial?
It is unlikely. Given his love of the pursuit of excellence plus the chance to claim a third successive title and make City only one of five clubs to do so in England – Manchester United (twice), Liverpool, Arsenal and Huddersfield Town are the others – the manager’s hunger should remain unsated. Here, Liverpool can be unwitting helpers. Just as the Manchester United of mid-era Sir Alex Ferguson were propelled forward by Arsène Wenger’s Arsenal so Liverpool’s desire to dethrone City can be harnessed by Guardiola.
The hiccup of the plane to Shanghai for the start of City’s tour being delayed by 48 hours was followed by the 6-1 defeat of Kitchee, a penalty shootout defeat by Wolverhampton Wanderers, a 4-1 win over West Ham United and the 3-1 win over their sister club Yokohama Marinos before Sunday’s Community Shield win over Liverpool on penalties.
When City travel to West Ham for their season opener on Saturday they will still be the side to beat.