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Patent US4415112 - Surgical stapling assembly having resiliently mounted anvil - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA surgical stapling assembly including a resiliently mounted anvil member and a staple holding assembly containing a plurality of surgical staples and mounted relative to the anvil member for movement into substantially parallel spaced relation thereto to clamp tissue inserted between the anvil member...http://www.google.com/patents/US4415112?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4415112 - Surgical stapling assembly having resiliently mounted anvilAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4415112 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/315,448Publication dateNov 15, 1983Filing dateOct 27, 1981Priority dateOct 27, 1981Fee statusPaidPublication number06315448, 315448, US 4415112 A, US 4415112A, US-A-4415112, US4415112 A, US4415112AInventorsDavid T. GreenOriginal AssigneeUnited States Surgical CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Referenced by (265), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSurgical stapling assembly having resiliently mounted anvil
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based rotary drive systems for surgical instrumentsUS8973803Sep 9, 2010Mar 10, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Surgical stapling apparatus with control features operable with one handUS8973804Mar 18, 2014Mar 10, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Cartridge assembly having a buttressing memberUS8978954Apr 29, 2011Mar 17, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Staple cartridge comprising an adjustable distal portionUS8978956Sep 30, 2010Mar 17, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Jaw closure arrangements for surgical instrumentsUS8991676Jun 29, 2007Mar 31, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Surgical staple having a slidable crownUS8991677May 21, 2014Mar 31, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Detachable motor powered surgical instrumentUS8992422May 27, 2011Mar 31, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Robotically-controlled endoscopic accessory channelUS8998058May 20, 2014Apr 7, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Detachable motor powered surgical instrumentUS9005230Jan 18, 2013Apr 14, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Motorized surgical instrumentUS9028494Jun 28, 2012May 12, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Interchangeable end effector coupling arrangementUS9028519Feb 7, 2011May 12, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Motorized surgical instrumentUS9033203Sep 30, 2010May 19, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Fastening instrument for deploying a fastener system comprising a retention matrixUS9044227Sep 30, 2010Jun 2, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Collapsible fastener cartridgeUS9044228Sep 30, 2010Jun 2, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Fastener system comprising a plurality of fastener cartridgesUS9044230Feb 13, 2012Jun 2, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Surgical cutting and fastening instrument with apparatus for determining cartridge and firing motion statusUS9050083Sep 23, 2008Jun 9, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Motorized surgical instrumentUS9050084Sep 23, 2011Jun 9, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Staple cartridge including collapsible deck arrangementUS9055941Sep 23, 2011Jun 16, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Staple cartridge including collapsible deckUS9060770May 27, 2011Jun 23, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Robotically-driven surgical instrument with E-beam driverUS9072515Jun 25, 2014Jul 7, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Surgical stapling apparatusUS9072535May 27, 2011Jul 7, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Surgical stapling instruments with rotatable staple deployment arrangementsUS9072536Jun 28, 2012Jul 7, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Differential locking arrangements for rotary powered surgical instrumentsUS9078653Mar 26, 2012Jul 14, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Surgical stapling device with lockout system for preventing actuation in the absence of an installed staple cartridgeUS9084601Mar 15, 2013Jul 21, 2015Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Detachable motor powered surgical instrumentCN101028205BSep 21, 2006Jan 19, 2011伊西康内外科公司Surgical stapling instrument having force controlled spacing end effectorCN101534721BMay 8, 2007Nov 9, 2011伊西康内外科公司Surgical stapling instrument with mechanical mechanism for limiting maximum tissue compressionCN101534727BMay 10, 2007Jan 25, 2012伊西康内外科公司Surgical stapling instruments having flexible channel and anvil features for adjustable staple heightsCN101534728BMar 28, 2007Jul 18, 2012伊西康内外科公司Surgical cutting and stapling device with closure apparatus for limiting maximum tissue compression forceEP1767156A1 *Sep 20, 2006Mar 28, 2007Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Surgical stapling instrument having force controlled spacing end effectorEP2430987A2 *May 10, 2007Mar 21, 2012Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Surgical stapling instruments having flexible channel and anvil features for adjustable staple heightsWO1995029639A1 *Apr 20, 1995Nov 9, 1995Minnesota Mining & MfgLaparoscopic stapler with overload sensor and interlockWO2008039237A1 *Mar 28, 2007Apr 3, 2008Ethicon Endo Surgery IncSurgical cutting and stapling device with closure apparatus for limiting maximum tissue compression forceWO2008039249A1 *May 8, 2007Apr 3, 2008Ethicon Endo Surgery IncSurgical stapling instrument with mechanical mechanism for limiting maximum tissue compressionWO2008042021A1 *May 10, 2007Apr 10, 2008Ethicon Endo Surgery IncSurgical stapling instruments having flexible channel and anvil features for adjustable staple heights* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification227/19, 227/155International ClassificationA61B17/072, A61B19/00Cooperative ClassificationA61B17/072, A61B19/30European ClassificationA61B17/072Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 1, 1982ASAssignmentOwner name: UNITED STATES SURGICAL CORPORATION, 150 GLOVER AVEFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GREEN, DAVID T.;REEL/FRAME:003958/0974Effective date: 19811019Feb 26, 1985CCCertificate of correctionMay 4, 1987FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4May 1, 1991FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8May 1, 1995FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData 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SiteGiant Marketplace Sync - Comprehensive Guide to Multichannel Selling Tickets, Wed, Feb 26, 2020 at 10:00 AM | Eventbrite
SiteGiant Marketplace Sync - Comprehensive Guide to Multichannel Selling
Wednesday, February 26, 2020 from 10:00 AM to 12:00 PM (Malaysia Time Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) Time)
SiteGiant Marketplace Sync Training 3d 5h 54m Free
Share SiteGiant Marketplace Sync - Comprehensive Guide to Multichannel Selling
Finally got your hands on SiteGiant, but no idea where to start?
Want to know how to reduce workload and increase sales the same time with SiteGiant?
Need someone to guide you on how to sync products to marketplaces?
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SiteGiant Marketplace Sync- Comprehensive Guide to Multichannel Selling
We urge all existing and new SiteGiant marketplace sellers to join us, so that in the future, the only thing you will be busy collecting is payment!
We will be covering these topics during the session
How to sync your products from SiteGiant to Marketplaces in the correct way
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Before you sign up this training, we would advise you to:
1. Attend the "SiteGiant Webstore Training" first, if you are a new online seller, in this training, we will equip you with the overall knowledge for eCommerce.
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In this training, we will cover some scenarios that you will be facing when selling on marketplaces and how you can overcome using SiteGiant Marketplace sync features,
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ACTIVATE YOUR WEBSTORE before you attend the training. Search your email inbox for the title [SiteGiant Account Setup] Activate your SiteGiant Account now! and follow the instruction to setup your webstore.
Bring your water bottle! There is water dispenser for you to refill water, for beverages purchase you'll have to walk some distance.
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value: This website is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events.


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Patent US4800180 - Ceramic articles containing silicon carbide - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA shaped article is described comprising a ceramic matrix and dispersed therein in the range of 5 to 30 weight percent mechanically added silicon carbide, said article having a modulus of elasticity (E) value of at least 10 percent greater than the inherent elastic modulus value of the fully dense host...http://www.google.com/patents/US4800180?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4800180 - Ceramic articles containing silicon carbideAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4800180 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/912,830Publication dateJan 24, 1989Filing dateSep 26, 1986Priority dateSep 26, 1986Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA1267163A1, DE3789263D1, DE3789263T2, EP0261889A2, EP0261889A3, EP0261889B1Publication number06912830, 912830, US 4800180 A, US 4800180A, US-A-4800180, US4800180 A, US4800180AInventorsJerome W. McAllister, Lien-Huong T. Pham, Harold G. SowmanOriginal AssigneeMinnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (19), Classifications (16), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetCeramic articles containing silicon carbideUS 4800180 AAbstract A shaped article is described comprising a ceramic matrix and dispersed therein in the range of 5 to 30 weight percent mechanically added silicon carbide, said article having a modulus of elasticity (E) value of at least 10 percent greater than the inherent elastic modulus value of the fully dense host matrix. The articles are useful as high temperature stable reinforcement materials in composites requiring a high modulus of elasticity.
The examples below describe adding silicon carbide, under various conditions, to two different host ceramic matrices. The matrices were 3:1:2 alumina-boria-silica and 1:1 zirconia:silica. The elastic moduli reported in the examples for the control samples, i.e. those without silicon carbide, were 165 GPa (24�106 psi) for alumina-boria-silica, and 90 GPa (13�106 psi) for zirconia-silica. These values correspond to published values of 151 GPa (22�106 psi) for alumina-boria-silica [Properties of 3M Nextel� 312 Ceramic Fibers, 3M Ceramic Fiber Products, St. Paul, MN (1986)] and 76-104 GPa (11-15�106 psi) for zirconia-silica [J. F. Lynch et al., Engineering Properties of Selected Ceramic Materials, American Ceramic Society (1966) pp. 5.5.1-12].
EXAMPLE 1 Alumina-Boria-Silica having 3:1:2 molar ratio, with SiC The silicon carbide dispersion was prepared by sonifying (Branson� Sonifier� 350 Smith Kline Co., Shelton, Conn.) 1.7 grams of SiC (Los Alamos National Laboratory, hereinafter LANL) in 30 cc acetone for 10 minutes with cooling by dry ice. The dispersion was mixed with 100 cc distilled water containing 0.05 gram anionic surfactant (Lomar PWA�, Diamond Shamrock Corp.) and sonified for 10 minutes more. This dispersion was mixed with 144 g of a 17% solids 3:1:2 molar ratio alumina-boria-silica precursor liquid and sonified for another 10 minutes. The fiber precursor material was made according to the procedure of Example 3 in U.S. Pat. No. 4,047,965, excepting for the greater amount of boric acid for the B2 O3 in the 3:1:2 molar ratio in the composition; the aluminum formoacetate was made by the digestion of aluminum metal in formic and acetic acids [aluminum powder (120 grams) was dissolved in a 90� C. solution of 2200 grams water, 236 grams formic acid, and 272 grams acet5ic acid, over a period of eight hours]. The resulting precursor liquid was concentrated in a rotary evaporation flask (Buchi, Switzerland) operating at 35�-45� C. and 736 mm Hg and the volatiles were removed until the viscosity was greater than 75,000 mPa sec. Fibers were produced from the viscous sol by extruding through forty 102-micrometer diameter orifices and by collecting the fibers on a wheel turning at 30 meters per minute. The fibers were divided into two batches with one fired in air at 850� C. for 15 minutes and the second batch at 950� C. for 15 minutes. The heat-rise schedule was about 7� C./min. with a 15 minute pause-soak at 430� C. and the black fibers were removed promptly when 950� C. was attained.
The average tensile strength of the 950� C. fiber was 1035 MPa (150,000 psi) and for the 850� C. fibers 1200 MPa (175,000 psi) (Basis: 1 psi=6900 Pa). The 850� C. and 950� C. fibers moduli of elasticity measured as 180 GPa (26�106 psi) and 172 GPa (25�106 psi), respectively. The 3:1:2 alumina:boria:silica control fiber (Nextel�, 3M, St. Paul, Minnesota) had a tensile strength of 1550 MPa (225,000 psi) and a modulus of elasticity of 165 GPa (24�106 psi).
The carbon black was dispersed into the silica sol, dried, crushed and vacuum fired in an Astro� furnace (Astro Industries, Inc., Santa Barbar, CA, U.S.A.) at 1400� C. for 5 hours.
The resulting precursor liquid was concentrated under vacuum in a rotary evaporation flask (Buchi, Switzerland) partly submerged in a water bath at temperatures of 35 to 45� C. until it was viscous enough to enable the pulling of fibers with a glass rod. Fibers were spun from viscous sol with a 75 micrometer orifice spinnerette and 1.2 MPa (175 psi) extrusion pressure. The fibers were fired in air in an electric furnace (Lemont� KHT, Lemont Scientific, State College, PA.), at 950� C. for 15 minutes after heating at a rate of 7.75� C./minute.
EXAMPLE 5 Two grams of SiC (LANL) were partially oxidized at 600� C. for three hours in air in a Lindberg� furnace (Lindberg Furnace C., Watertown, Wis.). The partially oxidized SiC was mixed in 47 grams of a 17 % solids 3:1:1.3 molar ratio alumina-boria-silica precursor, sonified for 10 minutes and fulterred through a No. 54 Whatman filter paper. The resulting prevurosr liquid was concentrated in a rotary evaporator flash as described in example 1.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4010233 *Dec 12, 1973Mar 1, 1977Bayer AktiengesellschaftProduction of inorganic fibersUS4126652 *Feb 25, 1977Nov 21, 1978Toyo Boseki Kabushiki KaishaProcess for preparation of a metal carbide-containing molded productUS4298558 *Jul 23, 1980Nov 3, 1981Dow Corning CorporationHigh yield silicon carbide pre-ceramic polymersUS4314956 *Jul 23, 1980Feb 9, 1982Dow Corning CorporationHigh yield silicon carbide pre-ceramic polymersUS4467043 *Jun 23, 1983Aug 21, 1984Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbhDense shaped articles of polycrystalline α-silicon carbide and process for the manufacture thereof by hot-pressingUS4515742 *Dec 15, 1981May 7, 1985UBE Industires, Ltd.Continuous inorganic fibers and process for production thereofUS4537735 *Mar 28, 1983Aug 27, 1985Ibiden Kabushiki KaishaMethod of producing a silicon carbide sintered compactUS4571331 *Dec 12, 1983Feb 18, 1986Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.Ultrafine powder of silicon carbide, a method for the preparation thereof and a sintered body therefrom* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Andersson et al., "Silicon Carbide Fibres and their Potential for Use in Composite Materials. Part 1", Composites, vol. 15, No. 1, Jan. (1984), pp. 16-24.2 *Andersson et al., Silicon Carbide Fibres and their Potential for Use in Composite Materials. Part 1 , Composites, vol. 15, No. 1, Jan. (1984), pp. 16 24.3 *Katz et al., Handbook of Fillers and Reinforcement for Plastics, Van Nostrand, N.Y. (1978) pp. 446 464.4Katz et al., Handbook of Fillers and Reinforcement for Plastics, Van Nostrand, N.Y. (1978) pp. 446-464.5 *Kiagery et al., Introduction to Ceramics 2nd Ed., Wiley Interscience, N.Y. (1976) pp. 773 777.6Kiagery et al., Introduction to Ceramics 2nd Ed., Wiley Interscience, N.Y. (1976) pp. 773-777.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4946808 *Nov 10, 1988Aug 7, 1990Ceramics Process Systems CorporationMethod for preparing dense, pressureless sintered SiC whisker reinforced composite ceramicsUS4957554 *Aug 16, 1989Sep 18, 1990Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyDimensionally-controlled ceramicsUS5071674 *Nov 6, 1990Dec 10, 1991The University Of FloridaMethod for producing large silica sol-gels doped with inorganic and organic compoundsUS5132155 *May 17, 1991Jul 21, 1992General Electric CompanyFibrous material-containing compositeUS5654094 *Jun 5, 1995Aug 5, 1997Alliedsignal Inc.Metal carbide fibersUS5908796 *May 1, 1998Jun 1, 1999Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics, Inc.Dense silicon nitride ceramic having fine grained titanium carbideUS7405516Apr 18, 2005Jul 29, 2008Imaging Systems TechnologyPlasma-shell PDP with organic luminescent substanceUS7604523Jun 10, 2005Oct 20, 2009Imaging Systems TechnologyPlasma-shell PDPUS7730746Jul 10, 2006Jun 8, 2010Imaging Systems TechnologyApparatus to prepare discrete hollow microsphere dropletsUS7791037Mar 9, 2007Sep 7, 2010Imaging Systems TechnologyPlasma-tube radiation detectorUS7923930Jul 23, 2007Apr 12, 2011Imaging Systems TechnologyPlasma-shell deviceUS8106586May 31, 2008Jan 31, 2012Imaging Systems Technology, Inc.Plasma discharge display with fluorescent conversion materialUS8110987Nov 21, 2008Feb 7, 2012Imaging Systems Technology, Inc.Microshell plasma displayUS8198811May 30, 2010Jun 12, 2012Imaging Systems TechnologyPlasma-Disc PDPUS8278824Aug 9, 2010Oct 2, 2012Imaging Systems Technology, Inc.Gas discharge electrode configurationsUS8339041Nov 15, 2010Dec 25, 2012Imaging Systems Technology, Inc.Plasma-shell gas discharge device with combined organic and inorganic luminescent substancesUS8410695Oct 4, 2010Apr 2, 2013Imaging Systems TechnologyGas discharge device incorporating gas-filled plasma-shell and method of manufacturing thereofUS8513887Apr 25, 2011Aug 20, 2013Imaging Systems Technology, Inc.Plasma-dome article of manufactureUS8618733Jan 3, 2011Dec 31, 2013Imaging Systems Technology, Inc.Electrode configurations for plasma-shell gas discharge device* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification501/88, 501/95.1, 264/623, 264/DIG.19, 501/89International ClassificationC04B35/48, C04B35/622, C04B35/18, C04B35/78, C04B35/00, C04B35/10Cooperative ClassificationY10S264/19, C04B35/78, C04B35/62231European ClassificationC04B35/78, C04B35/622F2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 27, 2001FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20010124Jan 21, 2001LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesAug 15, 2000REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJun 26, 1996FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jun 4, 1992FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 25, 1989CCCertificate of correctionSep 26, 1986ASAssignmentOwner name: MINNESOTA MINING & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, SAINT PAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:MC ALLISTER, JEROME W.;PHAM, LIEN-HUONG T.;SOWMAN, HAROLD G.;REEL/FRAME:004617/0529Effective date: 19860926RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


text:
Shop to rent in 58, High Street, Bristol, BS11
www.rightmove.co.uk/property/56691520
To view this media, please visit the on-line version of this page at www.rightmove.co.uk/commercial-property-to-let/property-56691520.html?premiumA=true
Property reference 2079. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by LCP , West Midlands.

value: This website is a UK-based company that runs rightmove.co.uk, the UK's largest online real estate portal and property website. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.


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Is Profit a Dirty Word? A FREE Debate. Registration, Wed, Feb 15, 2012 at 7:00 PM | Eventbrite
Is Profit a Dirty Word? A FREE Debate.
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Help Webber continue offering an exceptional education at affordable rates with your tax deductable contribution. We are a 501(c)(3) not for profit organization. Ended
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As part of an occasional series of presentations and events involving business, the economy, free market, and similar topics, Webber International University is hosting a debate over the question: Is Profit a Dirty Word?
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Peace For Jerusalem - Christianbook.com
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Problems in International Lending: Are U.S. Banks Heading for Trouble? - The Washington Post
Problems in International Lending: Are U.S. Banks Heading for Trouble?
Last year, the world's developing countries owed U.S. banks close to $90 billion, almost three times as much as in 1975 when the Federal Reserve began to keep track of overseas lending on a country-by-country basis.
Yet despite the well-publicized problems involving loans to Poland and Romania, there appears to be little concern of a banking collapse as a result of overseas lending. In fact, some experts are more concerned about the impact on the world economy if banks cut back their lending than about the effect on banks if they don't.
For one thing, debtor countries will do almost anything to avoid defaulting on their loans, experts believe. Moreover, major commercial banks are sufficiently diversified and strong enough to withstand small losses on parts of their business, and even if a smaller bank were to get into trouble it would likely be bailed out by the central banks of the industrialized world.
Finally, U.S. banks don't have much money at risk in countries that seem to be in the shakiest financial condition.
Nevertheless, there is growing concern about international banking. There's "no question" that the system faces more difficulties now than a few years ago, according to one top New York banker.
Developing countries that ran up large debts in the 1970s because of the sharp run-up in oil prices may have difficulties making payments because of depressed exports and low prices for their commodities. More of them are likely to ask banks to renegotiate their debts on easier terms in the next few years, bankers agree.
This could force a few small banks out of business, one World Bank official said last week. High profits have attracted hundreds of banks into the international market in the last decade, and as the profits shrink it is "very much a possibility that poorly run banks will go out of business," he said.
But the official isn't greatly worried by that prospect: if banks make poor loans there is no reason why they should not suffer, and no reason why the entire financial system should be threatened, he said.
While bankers don't expect a default, they do warn that the Reagan administration may force a default for political purposes, as some officials--including Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger--reportedly favored in the case of Poland. (Under terms of some bank loans, they automatically are classified as in default if the borrower defaults on other loans, such as those made by the U.S. government.)
Bankers prefer to ease loan conditions to declaring default, which would destroy confidence in the whole edifice on which international lending depends.
According to the latest Federal Reserve figures available, U.S. banks last September were owed close to $320 billion in direct loans to foreign countries. Of this:
* $198 billion was loaned to other industrialized countries, most of which are hardly candidates for default;
* $23 billion was in OPEC countries, including Venezuela and Ecuador;
* $61 billion in the rest of Latin America and the Caribbean, with the bulk of that concentrated in the bigger, stronger economies;
* $25 billion in Asian developing countries, excluding oil-exporting Indonesia, with South Korea--the biggest borrower--owing $8.5 billion;
* $8 billion in Eastern Europe;
* $4 billion in Africa (excluding Liberia and the oil exporting countries), where the world's poorest and weakest nations are concentrated. One-fourth of this was lent to Egypt, which also is heavily supported by official U.S. aid.
Another $45 billion to $60 billion has been borrowed from U.S. banks via off-shore banking centers, such as the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands, according to Federal Reserve figures. Regulators here cannot trace the final destination of this money.
Loans by U.S. banks to Eastern Europe have not grown much in recent years. "New money flows to Comecon countries have now more or less come to a halt," one Federal Reserve official said last week.
And U.S. bankers also have pulled out of much of Central America--one area where many expect nations to have difficulties meeting their debt obligations. American "banks have not got much exposure down there" now, the Federal Reserve official said. However, Costa Rica, which owed a total of about $600 million to all American banks last June, is now negotiating a stretched-out repayment schedule for some of it with a group of banks headed by Bank of America. Nicaragua already has rescheduled its commercial bank debts.
Many of the countries on the international casualty list are simply too poor to have attracted much commercial bank money, and rely almost exclusively on official government aid or loans from international institutions, such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. One major bank that does business with about 120 countries said last week that 62 percent of its loans are to just 13 nations--most likely the 13 largest and most industrialized. The bank asked that it not be identified.
Eight nations were in such difficulties last year that they were forced to reschedule their debts to creditor governments. Seven of these were in Africa, where U.S. banks have traditionally not been big lenders, and the eighth--Pakistan--owed American banks only $161 million last June.
There is some small U.S. involvement in other financially troubled nations. Sudan, considered a "basket case" by some bankers, owed American banks just over $250 million in the middle of last year. Bolivia, also in serious economic trouble, according to one banker who did not want to be named, owed American banks $460 million last year.
But the bulk of U.S. bank lending to developing countries has been to big, stronger economies in Latin America. That area as a whole is "relatively speaking, not so bad," said one New York banker who long has been involved in international banking.
The lending in Latin America is overwhelmingly concentrated in a few countries: Mexico with $20 billion; Brazil, $17.5 billion; Venezuela, $9.2 billion; Argentina, $9.2 billion; and Chile, $5.5 billion.
While some U.S. analysts and bankers were very worried about Brazil's debts, "I think it was just a fear of big numbers," commented one official from the International Monetary Fund. Most bankers remarked that Brazil was perceived as a better risk now than a short while ago.
One senior international banker, who said he was not concerned about the deep indebtedness of Mexico--which has stepped up its borrowing in recent years in anticipation of a large rise in oil earnings--remarked, "It is not going to go out of business." However, others do worry that Mexico could have payment difficulties in the wake of unexpectedly low oil prices unless it scales back its development plans. The key will probably be whether or not banks keep on expanding new credits to Mexico to tide it over a probable "temporary bind."
U.S. bank lending to Chile has soared recently--climbing by more than 70 percent in the year ended last September. Bankers had mixed views about this, with the head of a small bank's international operations commenting that the government is trying "to put its house in order" and others still concerned that some of the loans may have to be stretched out or renegotiated.
Several analysts expressed concerns last week about Peru, which is one of many developing countries being hurt by extraordinarily low commodity prices, which provide export earnings. U.S. banks have close to $2 billion in loans there.
But just as Brazil is no longer regarded with as much concern and Turkey is now in much better shape after virtual bankruptcy, so other countries now being agonized over may be viewed differently next year.
Alarmists have always found reasons to fear that one country or another would be unable to service its debts, commented Citibank's G. J. Clark, who is executive vice president responsible for country evaluation. In retrospect the fears have always been exaggerated, he said.
A lot of the anxiety about banks' exposure in foreign countries comes from those--such as bank regulators--who are paid to worry and to be cautious, said one Federal Reserve official. "When you see Federal Reserve governor Henry Wallich making speeches" about the dangers for U.S. banks in international lending, "why, that's part of his job."
One reason for the frequently expressed fears about overseas lending--which one World Bank official said had amounted to "near hysteria on the part of U.S. regulators" at one stage in the late 1970s--is that international lending is "conceptually" more risky than lending within the United States, one regulator said.
Banks at a distance from their debtors may be less able to gauge what is going on than they would be with a borrower at home, or they may have trouble dealing with a different legal and social structure or different business mores, he said.
Another problem is that "sovereign risk" loans are made to or guaranteed by a nation's government, and if the loans go bad the banks cannot put a lien on the assets of the government as they might in the case of a company at home. There are also fears that an overseas borrower might be unable to service or repay foreign currency debts because of its nation's overall balance of payments problems and lack of foreign exchange, even when the individual borrower is not bankrupt. Political upheaval that could threaten investments is another obvious danger to international lending.
Despite this additional "conceptual risk," the losses on international lending in recent years have actually been only about a third as great--in relation to total loans--as losses on domestic loans, commented analyst Irving Geszel of Bear Stearns and Co. The same is true, he said, for "nonperforming assets," or loans where the banks have changed the terms, perhaps by stretching out the loans, so that they are more advantageous to the borrower and make less money, or no profit at all, for the lender.
However, international lending is clearly losing some of its gloss for the banks. The "spreads" that determine profits--between the cost to banks of borrowing funds and the interest rates charged on the loans they make--are now "razor thin," according to a senior Bank of America official.
While North American banks are generally more sanguine about the future risks of international lending than banks in Europe and Asia, they are more concerned now than they used to be, according to the preliminary results of a worldwide survey of about 200 banks. It showed that banks worry about the expense and problems involved in rescheduling debts rather than a default and chain collapse, reported Geoffrey Bell, executive vice president and director of Schroder International.
Such worries are real. "Sure it's fair to say that no country has defaulted," said the chief of lending at one of the nation's top five banks. "But who would expect any country to do that? Where would it go? As bankers what we should be concerned about is nonperforming assets . . . Do you think a Polish asset is worth a dollar?"
As more countries reschedule debts, there will be more nonperforming assets. There is a dilemma about how banks should react to that. It would be prudent to slow the expansion of international bank lending, said Bell, but not in a "pell-mell" fashion that would exacerbate the difficulties for debtor countries in coping with current interest payments and import needs.
A paper by staff officials of the International Monetary Fund last year said that commercial banks had added "an additional destabilizing element" to debtor countries' cash flow. It found that in six case studies of countries that restructured their debt in the latter part of the 1970s, banks had stepped up lending when times were good, and cut back sharply when times were bad and other sources of badly needed foreign exchange were also drying up.
Romania's current problem is largely a short-term liquidity squeeze brought on by the halt in bank lending to all Eastern European countries when Poland's debt problems mounted, some analysts believe. Other Eastern European nations, such as Hungary, may also start to hurt, even though their economies are well managed, if bankers continue to shun Eastern Europe, warns Jan Vanous of Wharton Econometric Forecasters.
If bankers grow too nervous, or try to reduce their loan commitments in a hurry, then many basically healthy economies may be forced into liquidity crises, he warns. North American banks "seemed very concerned about the effects on the system of abrupt government action or new controls" on lending, Bell said in his report on the survey of banks.
It is for this reason that many of those in the world of international finance worry more about the dangers to the world economy if banks cut back on their overseas lending than the danger to the banks if they do not. The threat in the 1980s is "not that countries will go out and default," but that they may have to depress their economies to cope with less foreign money, and will "contribute to the overall world tendency to deflate" and slow down economic growth, said Nicholas C. Hope of the External Debt Division of the World Bank.
If the resources of the international financial agencies are simultaneously reduced, as the Reagan administration would like, then the problems multiply.
A World economic slowdown will hurt the creditworthiness of overseas countries, but it will also damage domestic borrowers. "If interest rates go to 20 percent" in a world economy that is in recession and burdened with high oil prices "then all bets are off," said one senior New York banker. "But don't just look abroad. The same thing would happen here."

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Find out if your remodeling dreams fit your budget reality.Try the Real Cost Finder 315 grey wallpaper Farmhouse Home Design Photos
Ideabooks608	Questions0	great room featuring vaulted open truss ceilings flanked by a white-washed grey brick fireplace and chef’s kitchen with an over sized island.
The Farmhouse’sWhite mounted or pedestal sink with white trim on bottom and wallpaper on top. Sconcelike the wallpaper for the boys' room...Consider wallpaper in the powder roomfaucet sconces — geralync Embed
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Ideabooks6,922	Questions8	Sherwin Williams Intellectual Gray (according to the green tag on the image)Sherwin Williams - Intellectual Gray SW7045intellectual gray...intellectual gray SW...Colour combo of grey/green...white and grey...Gray white and floor contrast...gray/brown color on wall...Sherwin intellectual grey...SW Intellectual Gray...Sheraton Williams Intellectual Gray...Paint Intellectual GraySheraton Williams Intellectual Gray — wmocco Embed
Ideabooks14,568	Questions11	What color should I do trim and cabinets with intellegual gray?nice grey walls and bed. Wish I had hardwood floorspull it all together.”Nightstands, lamps: Magnolia; wall paint: Intellectual Gray, Sherwin-Williamspull it all together.’Nightstands, lamps: Magnolia; wall paint: Intellectual Gray, Sherwin-Williamsensemble. »Tables de chevet, lampes : Magnolia ; peinture murale : Intellectual Gray, Sherwin-Williamsheadboard — colemanst52 Embed
Ideabooks2,667	Questions4	prior to the project design. She was drawn to the brightness of whites and grays, and the design accentuated this color palette brilliantly with the incorporationoriginated from a dining room table that was a family favorite. Hints of gray appear in the bead board detail peeking just behind glass doors, and in theWhite subway tile is made extra interesting with the application of dark gray grout lines causing it to be a subtle but noticeable detail worthy of attentionSubway back splash, white counter, and grey islandbrass fixtures/hardware; mix of materials; gray and white. a bit too casual for me -- let's go for glamified versionGrey cup and white slab good mixshelves — bloommom Embed
Ideabooks456	Questions1	black iron canopy bed again while breadboard wall, soft grey beddinggray and white bedding...symmetry and grey...gray and white...Master bedroom - grayBed — michellehollander Embed
Ideabooks389	Questions2	No overhead cupboards, tall grey cupboards to the side. Nice little grey shelvesLighter gray cabinet with medium hardwoodGrey cabinets with oak floors...gray bar stoolscolours — irwinhazel Embed
Ideabooks4,786	Questions8	units and a huge range. Even the artwork is enormous in here! A palette of grey and soft sage green further contributes to the country feel.gray slate floors...Kitchen, tiles too grey...grey stone floor...Green and greyslate flooring — Chandrika Prajapati Embed
Ideabooks5,448	Questions6	love the chandelier and the lighter shade of gray the was used here.pink and gray...Girls grey...whites greys sand accents...grey walls, white accentspink and gray — namrata09 Embed

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Amazon.co.uk: Profile For Mrs Elizabeth Threadgold: Reviews
Profile for Mrs Elizabeth Threadgold > Reviews
Top Reviewer Ranking: 441,979
Reviews Written by Mrs Elizabeth Threadgold Show:
2.0 out of 5 stars rather disappointed with this product, 31 Aug. 2014
the hangers aren't strong enough to cope with a 36 inch poster without bowing in the middle. As a result the poster slips out of the hangers and I've had to sellotape the back to hold it in place. After a few weeks the poster won't lie flat against the wall but looks like it's 'sagging' so I'm going to have to reinforce it to stop the hanger from bending further.
5.0 out of 5 stars my favourite album of the year, 13 Jun. 2014
I love this! Fantastic dance tunes, clever lyrics, great beats and altogether 'sensass'! I have been using Stromae's music in my French classes to inspire young learners and we all agree 'Papaoutai' is amazing. Excellent played in the car with the volume UP! Proof that there is a point to learning another language- as I keep telling hordes of reluctant teenagers- as if one was needed.
2.0 out of 5 stars French existentialist twaddle, 13 Jun. 2014
5.0 out of 5 stars clever and funny, 13 Jun. 2014
This is the follow up novel to the 100 year old man who climbed out of a window. I loved the first book and I'm enjoying this one just as much. Clever, funny and totally improbable,( not to mention bonkers!), this novel is a great way to lose yourself for a couple of hours. I can't wait for the next one.
5.0 out of 5 stars fantastic film, 20 Feb. 2014
I love this film! fast and fabulous with with excellent performances from all. For a fantastic night in just add popcorn:)
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent collection of classic works., 11 Jan. 2013
Austen. Classics. Mr Darcy. what more need I say? Excellent value for a collection of classic literature. Brilliant. Thank you whoever decided to publish in this format.
4.0 out of 5 stars handy carry case, 11 Jan. 2013
This review is from: Lego Star Wars Millenium Falcon Storage Case (Toy)
Not quite the Lego millennium falcon my son was hoping for, but this is an excellent, value for money storage and carry case which also stimulates imaginative play. Great for taking a good selection of Lego bricks and mini-figures anywhere this is lightweight and easy-to-carry storage solution and my son loves it! The only criticism I would have is that the internal loops which hold the mini-figures are not elasticated.. but then that may be easier for small fingers.
5.0 out of 5 stars super comfy chair, 11 Jan. 2013
This review is from: Quest Elite Deluxe Range Large Apple Moon Chair
I bought this chair for my husband for when we go away in our caravan, he wanted a large, comfy chair which he could relax in and that is exactly what we got. The chair is huge and quite heavy. It came in a matching carry bag- not that you would want to carry it too far! If you are looking for a camping chair which folds away to nothing and can be taken anywhere then this is not for you. However if you want a large, sturdy and comfortable seat which is still comfortable after a few hours then this is for you. My husband is not the smallest bloke- he is over six foot tall and 'well built'. This chair will last years and unfolds in seconds. Great value and big enough for me to curl up in and have a snooze. We love this chair!
5.0 out of 5 stars wonderful film- very clever, 28 Nov. 2012
I love old films; I love feelgood films and I love Fench films too so The Artist ticked all those boxes for me! Although not strictly a french film at all it boasts some great French acotrs and a very clever director. I was a bit sceptical due to all of the Oscar hype but enjoyed te Artist for what it is-a clever film that relies on good acting an direction rather than any kind of blockbuster special effect. It has a wonderful nostalgic setting and feel and the music is a treat too. This is a modern film witha difference well worth watching especially if you ike your cinema history.

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Mills River, NC Home Media Design & Installation
622 Mills River, NC Home Theatre and Media Design and Installation
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Nike SFB Special Field Boot 6" NSW Leather Mens 862507-001 Black Military Sz8-13 | eBay
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William L Macias - Semantic Scholar
Sign inWilliam L MaciasShare1Highly Influential Citation81Citation Velocity540CitationsCitations Per YearMark D Williams8Howard Levy6Jean-François Dhainaut6S Berman5S Porter59Mark D. Williams9Jonathan M Janes6Todd W Rice6David R Nelson6Marcel LeviFilter Results:Publication Year20032015Publication TypeCo-authorPublication VenueKey PhrasesSort by:Highly Influential CitationsCitationsAccelerationVelocityRecencyLearn MoreSafety assessment of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in the treatment of adult patients with severe sepsisGordon R Bernard, William L Macias, David E Joyce, Mark D Williams, Joan Bailey, Jean-Louis VincentCritical care2003INTRODUCTION
Drotrecogin alfa (activated; recombinant activated protein C) was shown to reduce 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with severe sepsis and to have an acceptable safety profile in 1690 patients studied in the F1K-MC-EVAD (PROWESS) trial. We analyzed all available data on the safety of treatment with drotrecogin alfa (activated) in 2786… (More)1View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children with severe sepsis: a multicentre phase III randomised controlled trial.Simon Nadel, Brahm Goldstein, Mark D Williams, Heidi Dalton, Mark Peters, William L Macias +6 othersLancet2007BACKGROUND
Drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA) is used for the treatment of adults with severe sepsis who have a high risk of dying. A phase 1b open-label study has indicated that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DrotAA are similar in children and adults. We initiated the RESOLVE (REsearching severe Sepsis and Organ dysfunction in children: a… (More)23View on PubMedRelated PublicationsMore...Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in adults with septic shock.V Marco Ranieri, B Taylor Thompson, Philip S Barie, Jean-François Dhainaut, Ivor S Douglas, Simon Finfer +12 othersThe New England journal of medicine2012BACKGROUND
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, we assigned 1697 patients with infection, systemic inflammation, and shock who… (More)31View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...Protein C concentrations in severe sepsis: an early directional change in plasma levels predicts outcomeAndrew F Shorr, Gordon R Bernard, Jean-Francois Dhainaut, James R Russell, William L Macias, David R Nelson +1 otherCritical care2006INTRODUCTION
Protein C, because of its central role in hemostasis, plays an integral role in the host response to infection. Protein C depletion, resulting from increased consumption, degradation, and/or decreased synthesis, is characteristic of sepsis and has been shown to predict morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...New insights into the protein C pathway: potential implications for the biological activities of drotrecogin alfa (activated)William L Macias, S Betty Yan, Mark D Williams, Suzane L Um, George E Sandusky, Darryl W Ballard +1 otherCritical care2005It has been hypothesized that the protein C pathway is a pivotal link between the inflammation and coagulation cascades. The demonstration that a survival benefit is associated with administration of drotrecogin alfa (activated) (recombinant human activated protein C [APC]) in severe sepsis patients has provided new insights into the protein C pathway. APC… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...Safety and efficacy of baricitinib at 24 weeks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to methotrexateEdward C Keystone, Peter C Taylor, Edit Drescher, Douglas E Schlichting, Scott D Beattie, Pierre-Yves Berclaz +6 othersAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2015OBJECTIVES
In this phase IIb study, 301 patients were randomised 2:1:1:1:1 to receive once daily doses of placebo or 1, 2, 4 or 8 mg baricitinib for 12… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...Activated protein C and acute kidney injury: Selective targeting of PAR-1.Akanksha Gupta, Mark D Williams, William L Macias, Bruce A Molitoris, Brian W GrinnellCurrent drug targets2009Protein C is a plasma serine protease that when activated plays a central role in modulating the function of the vascular endothelium and its interface with the innate immune system. Activated protein C (APC) has a dual mechanism of action via the feedback inhibition of thrombin generation, and as an agonist of protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1). Through… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...Lack of evidence for qualitative treatment by disease severity interactions in clinical studies of severe sepsisWilliam L Macias, David R Nelson, Mark Williams, Rekha Garg, Jonathan Janes, Andreas SashegyiCritical care2005INTRODUCTION
The design of clinical trials of interventions aimed at reducing mortality in patients with severe sepsis assumes that the relative treatment effect of the intervention is independent of the patients' risk for death. We reviewed published data from phase III clinical studies of severe sepsis to determine whether a relationship exists between… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...Influence of enrollment sequence effect on observed outcomes in the ADDRESS and PROWESS studies of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in patients with severe sepsisPierre-François Laterre, William L Macias, Jonathan Janes, Mark D Williams, David R Nelson, Amand RJ Girbes +2 othersCritical care2008INTRODUCTION
We evaluated prospectively defined… (More)View PDFRelated PublicationsMore...‹1›The Allen Institute for Artificial IntelligenceProudly built by AI2 with the help of our Collaborators using these Sources.Terms of Service•Privacy Policy.

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Responsible Tourism Feedback September 2012 Responsible Tourism Commitment 2.
The Vineyard HotelWe acknowledge as a 207 room hotel, the Vineyard Hotel &Spa has a significant environmental impact via itsconsumption of energy, water and the creation of waste.We operate & market our hotel in a manner that upholds theguiding principles for Responsible Tourism, i.e. we Minimizeany negative economic, environmental and social impact wemay have.In doing so the staff and management of Vineyard Hotel &Spa strive to continuously improve our performance in thecontext of sustainable development and management oftourism. 3.
What we do concerning RT “you cannot ask hungry people to save the environment, recycle wasteand eliminate their carbon footprint. we have to take care of the social side first.” Lex petousis – group operations director – the vineyard group• We have made a commitment via Our Kids of the Cape Fund and other CSI contributions to uplift the life of children in the community, Baphumelele childrens home ,Woodside special care Centre, St Michaels home for girls.• Planting trees at schools• Alien clearing project SANP Silvermine Amy Biehl Foundation• Voluntourism: introducing the guest to the community• Cork It collection for donation of cork flooring , Woodside Centre• Up cycling: Shopping bags from Puro coffee bags• Paradise Park community project• Waste recycling facilities made available to the local community 4.
Alien Clearing & Tree Planting 5.
Puro Fair-trade bags 6.
Uncorked Initiative 7.
Progress & Monitoring• To achieve the responsible tourism sustainability objectives we have produced a water, energy & waste minimization programme which will be used to assist us in achieving our targets.• Monitor:If you can’t measure it you can’t save it.• TargetsWe have set ourselves the following targets to achieve for 2012 .Reduce water consumption by 6% .Reduce our energy consumption by 5%.Waste percentage recycled to 94% 8.
RT Sustainability Monitoring 2012Triple bottom line 7 indicators Indicators Baseline Data Target 2012 Quarterly Report 2012 Total Average to date Jan- Mar Apr- Jun Jul- Sept Oct- DecEnvironment Water L per bednight 530 475 444 520 492.25 Energy kWh per bednight 34 30.5 32.5 23.6 30.15 Waste Kg per bednight 0.4 0.4 0.35 0.23 0.345 volume generated volume recycled Kg per bednight 0.35 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.315 86% 93% 89% 93%Water: consumption was up?, solution: efficient showerheads, laundry, boreholeEnergy: consumption down?, new initiatives: LED lights 6%,laundry 6%, solar,showerheads 8 %Waste: recycling up, separation at source, up cycling of Puro coffee bags, Collection ofCorks & attention to detail 9.
Thank You!If theres reason for hope, it lies in mans occasional binges of co-operation . To save our planet, well need that kind of heroic effort, in which all types of people join forces for the common good - George Meyer Responsible Tourism Recommended

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value: This website is an American internet retailer selling primarily furniture headquartered in Midvale, Utah, near Salt Lake City.


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Location Onlyx
in Property: Location Only Location Only
26-Dec 08:22
24-Dec 00:33
17-Dec 09:26
01-Dec 08:21
6 bed house for sale previously used as a Bed & Breakfast..price dropped by £10k
01-Dec 07:46
29-Nov 13:53


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Antique Colombian Emerald Seed Pearl Crescent Pin 9CT British Art Deco Vintage | eBay
Antique Celluloid Brooch Art Deco Seed Pearl and Rhinestones Simple Hook Clasp
Vintage Art Deco 9cT Gold & Emerald Ruby Seed Peal Brooch Pin
Vintage Art Deco 9cT Gold & Emerald Seed Peal Brooch Pin
Vintage 10K White Gold and Blue Stone Filigree Pin with Seed Pearls
Details about Antique Colombian Emerald Seed Pearl Crescent Pin 9CT British Art Deco Vintage
Antique Colombian Emerald Seed Pearl Crescent Pin 9CT British Art Deco Vintage
Vintage Italian Micro Mosaic 2 1/2" Bar Pin Brooch Beautiful Colors
.25ct natural emerald circular brooch pin 14kt+
Antique HUGE 835 Silver EMERALD ETRUSCAN REVIVAL CLIPON EARRINGS
192672150928
Country/Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom estate crescent pin: estate yellow gold crescent pin
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Metal: Yellow Gold Art Deco yellow gold crescent pin: Art deco yellow gold emerald crescent pin
retro crescent pin: retro yellow gold crescent pin
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Handmade Emerald Art Deco Fine Gemstone Rings