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Patent US20050257837 - Combination umbrella and inverted bi-directional valve - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA combination valve including a valve body having an inverted bi-directional valve portion and an umbrella portion is disclosed. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a combination valve includes a valve body with a substantially cylindrical portion defining a flow path, a resilient umbrella...http://www.google.com/patents/US20050257837?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20050257837 - Combination umbrella and inverted bi-directional valveAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20050257837 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/848,782Publication dateNov 24, 2005Filing dateMay 19, 2004Priority dateMay 19, 2004Also published asCN1946959A, CN100429441C, DE602005011272D1, EP1747393A1, EP1747393B1, US7243676, WO2005116497A1Publication number10848782, 848782, US 2005/0257837 A1, US 2005/257837 A1, US 20050257837 A1, US 20050257837A1, US 2005257837 A1, US 2005257837A1, US-A1-20050257837, US-A1-2005257837, US2005/0257837A1, US2005/257837A1, US20050257837 A1, US20050257837A1, US2005257837 A1, US2005257837A1InventorsJames BaileyOriginal AssigneeBailey James CExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (5), Classifications (15), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetCombination umbrella and inverted bi-directional valve
US 20050257837 A1Abstract
A combination valve including a valve body having an inverted bi-directional valve portion and an umbrella portion is disclosed. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a combination valve includes a valve body with a substantially cylindrical portion defining a flow path, a resilient umbrella valve portion extending annularly from the valve body and an inverted bi-directional valve portion provided in the flow path. The inverted bi-directional valve portion includes an interior surface, an exterior surface and at least one normally closed slit extending therebetween, wherein the exterior surface of the inverted bi-directional valve portion includes a generally concave curved portion when the slit is closed. Images(5) Claims(23)
1. A combination valve comprising: a valve body including a substantially cylindrical portion defining a flow path, a resilient umbrella valve portion extending annularly from the valve body and an inverted bi-directional valve portion provided in said flow path wherein the inverted bi-directional valve portion comprises an interior surface, an exterior surface and at least one normally closed slit extending therebetween, wherein the exterior surface of the inverted bi-directional valve portion includes a generally concave curved portion when the slit is closed. 2. The combination valve in accordance with claim 1 wherein the slit in the inverted bi-directional valve portion is normally closed and is responsive at a first predetermined fluid pressure to open said slit to permit flow in a first direction and the umbrella valve portion is normally closed for preventing flow in the first direction and flexibly responsive to a second predetermined fluid pressure to permit flow in a second direction. 3. The combination valve in accordance with claim 2 wherein the flow in a first direction comprises flow of a liquid along a first pathway and the flow in a second direction comprises flow of air along a second pathway. 4. The combination valve in accordance with claim 2 wherein the inverted bi-directional valve remains closed to first predetermined flow fluid pressures of at least 10 inches of water. 5. The combination valve of claim 1 wherein the umbrella valve portion extends annularly from one end of the valve body and the valve body terminates at a second end thereof in the inverted bi-directional valve portion. 6. The combination valve of claim 5 wherein the valve is constructed of an elastomeric material selected from the group consisting of nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, polyisoprene, silicone, fluorosilicone elastomers, fluorocarbon elastomers, ethylene propylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymers (EPDM) and combinations thereof. 7. The combination valve of claim 6 wherein the elastomeric material comprises EPDM. 8. The combination valve of claim 1 further comprising means for supporting the interior surface of the inverted bi-directional valve to prevent flow in the second direction through the slit in the inverted bi-directional valve. 9. The combination valve of claim 8 wherein said means comprises a substantially cylindrical tube disposed in said valve body adjacent the interior surface of the inverted bi-directional valve. 10. The combination valve of claim 9 wherein said cylindrical tube is press fit in said valve body. 11. A combination valve comprising: a substantially cylindrical valve body having a central longitudinal axis and defining a flow path through said valve, a resilient umbrella portion extending annularly from the valve body and the valve body terminating at an end thereof in an inverted bi-directional valve portion; the inverted bi-directional valve portion having a curved contour about an axis of curvature extending substantially perpendicularly to and intersecting said central longitudinal axis; said inverted bi-directional valve portion having a linear contour perpendicular to said central longitudinal axis such that the inverted bidirectional valve portion is radially asymmetrical about the central longitudinal axis; at least one normally closed slit formed in the inverted bi-directional valve portion; the inverted bi-directional valve portion including an exterior surface having a generally concave curved orientation when the slit is closed; and the valve body, umbrella portion and inverted bi-directional valve portions being formed of elastomeric material such that the slit opens to permit flow through the inverted bi-directional valve portion in a first direction at or above a first predetermined pressure level and said umbrella valve portion flexibly responds to a second predetermined pressure level to permit flow in a second direction. 12. The combination valve of claim 11 wherein the first direction is along the flow path from the valve body through the slit and the second direction is generally opposite the first direction wherein flow in the second direction is from under the umbrella valve portion to around the periphery thereof. 13. The combination valve of claim 11 wherein the linear contour lies in a plane which is normal to a second plane containing the curved contour. 14. The combination valve of claim 13 wherein the slit extends along the linear contour. 15. The combination valve of claim 14 wherein the slit intersects the central longitudinal axis. 16. The combination valve of claim 15 wherein the slit is radially symmetric with respect to the central longitudinal axis. 17. The combination valve of claim 16 wherein the curved contour has a substantially constant radius of curvature from the axis of curvature. 18. The combination valve of claim 17 wherein the valve body further comprises a generally annular retention flange. 19. The combination valve of claim 11 further comprising means for supporting the interior surface of the inverted bi-directional valve. 20. The combination valve of claim 19 wherein said means comprises a substantially cylindrical tube disposed in said valve body adjacent the interior surface of the inverted bi-directional valve. 21. The combination valve of claim 20 wherein said cylindrical tube is press fit in said valve body. 22. The combination valve of claim 11 wherein said valve is formed in a unitary molded construction. 23. The combination valve of claim 22 wherein said valve is constructed of an elastomeric material selected from the group consisting of nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, polyisoprene, silicone, fluorosilicone elastomers, fluorocarbon elastomers, ethylene propylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymers (EPDM) and combinations thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to combination fluid valves, and in particular to combination valves comprising an inverted bidirectional valve in combination with an umbrella valve capable of providing flow responsive to changes in pressure differential. 2. Description of the Related Art Current combination fluid valves include those of the duckbill-umbrella variety. Duckbill-umbrella combination valves allow fluid (often air) into a container or pump chamber via the umbrella valve portion along a first flow path and allow a second fluid (often a liquid product) out of the container or pump chamber via the duckbill valve portion through a second flow path. However, the duckbill portion of the valve typically provides only limited prevention of flow in the dispensing direction and can leak under relatively low pressure differentials. For example, duckbill-umbrella combination valves can leak when used in conjunction with containers of liquid that are inverted during use. It would be desirable to have a simple, unitary combination valve that is normally closed and allows fluid to be drawn out under differential pressure. A normally closed valve minimizes problems associated with spilling or dripping. It would also be desirable to have a combination valve that operates satisfactorily to prevent flow until a predetermined amount of pressure is achieved. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a combination valve including a valve body having an inverted bi-directional valve portion and an umbrella portion. In accordance with one aspect of the invention a combination valve is disclosed including a valve body with a substantially cylindrical portion defining a flow path, a resilient umbrella valve portion extending annularly from the valve body and an inverted bi-directional valve portion provided in the flow path. The inverted bi-directional valve portion includes an interior surface, an exterior surface and at least one normally closed slit extending therebetween, wherein the exterior surface of the inverted bi-directional valve portion includes a generally concave curved portion when the slit is closed. The present invention also provides a combination valve including an inverted bi-directional valve portion and a resilient umbrella portion integrally formed with a valve body. A normally closed slit in the inverted bi-directional valve is responsive at a first predetermined fluid pressure in a first direction to permit transfer of fluid in the first direction. The umbrella valve portion prevents transfer of fluid in a first direction and is responsive at a second predetermined fluid pressure in a second direction to permit fluid flow in the second direction. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a combination valve with a substantially cylindrical valve body having a central longitudinal axis and defining a flow path through the valve, a resilient umbrella portion extending annularly from the valve body and the valve body terminating at an end thereof in an inverted bi-directional valve portion. The inverted bi-directional valve portion in accordance with this aspect of the present invention has a curved contour about an axis of curvature extending substantially perpendicularly to and intersecting the central longitudinal axis. The inverted bidirectional valve portion has a linear contour perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis such that the inverted bidirectional valve portion is radially asymmetrical about the central longitudinal axis. The inverted bi-directional valve portion in its normal, relaxed state is characterized by a concave exterior surface and the inverted bi-directional valve portion flexes when subjected to a predetermined fluid pressure. The inverted bi-directional valve portion includes at least one slit that is normally closed when the valve is in its normal, relaxed state and opens after the valve is subjected to a predetermined fluid pressure and the inverted bi-directional valve flexes to open a flow path through the slit. The valve body, umbrella portion and inverted bi-directional valve portions in accordance with certain aspects of the present invention are formed of one or more elastomeric materials such that the slit opens to permit flow through the inverted bi-directional valve portion in a first direction at or above a first predetermined pressure level and the umbrella valve portion flexibly responds to a second predetermined pressure level to permit flow in a second direction. One advantage of the inventive combination fluid valve described herein is that the valve provides additional protection against leakage under low pressure conditions. The combination valve provides a delay in the onset of flow until there is sufficient pressure to flex the inverted bi-directional valve portion causing the slit to open. The inverted bi-directional valve causes standing fluid pressure below the opening threshold to maintain the slit in its closed position, until the applied pressure is increased sufficiently to cause the inverted bi-directional valve portion to flex and cause the slit to open thereby permitting flow through the open slit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above mentioned and other features of this invention, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a valve in accordance with one aspect of the present invention showing the slit in its normally closed position; FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, but showing the slit open for flow in a first direction; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 3-3 of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view taken on line 4-4 of FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view depicting the valve in conjunction with a container wall illustrating flow through the flow path of the valve body; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 5 illustrating the operation of the umbrella valve to allow fluid flow in a second direction through a flow path around the periphery of the umbrella valve portion; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of another aspect of the invention wherein a support means is provided to prevent reverse flow through the inverted bi-directional valve portion; and FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the delay in flow obtained with an inverted bi-directional valve portion of a combination valve in accordance with one aspect of the present invention as compared with a duckbill portion of a conventional duckbill-umbrella combination valve.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. Although the drawings represent an embodiment of the present invention, the drawings are not necessarily to scale and certain features may be exaggerated in order to better illustrate and explain the present invention. The exemplification set out herein illustrates an embodiment of the invention, in one form, and such exemplification is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION All documents cited are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. The embodiment disclosed below is not intended to be exhaustive or limit the invention to the precise form disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiment is described so that others skilled in the art may utilize its teachings, but represents only certain manifestations of the invention. As used herein, the term �inverted bi-directional valve� refers to that portion of the combination valve having a structure similar to a conventional bi-directional valve except the flexing portion of the valve is inverted with respect to the substantially cylindrical portion. As a result, the inverted bi-directional valve described herein can be characterized as having a generally concave exterior surface, whereas a conventional bi-directional valve has a generally convex exterior surface. One example of a conventional bi-directional valve is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,810 to Atkinson. With reference initially to FIGS. 1 through 4 of the drawings, it will be seen that a combination valve 10 in accordance with one aspect of the present invention includes a valve body portion 12 including a hollow, substantially cylindrical portion 14 defining a flow path 16 through the valve body 12. The valve body 12 terminates at one end in an inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 having an interior surface 20, an exterior surface 22 and a slit 24 extending therebetween. One of skill in the art will recognize that the slit membrane portion of the inverted bi-directional valve could be located anywhere along the length of the substantially cylindrical portion. The combination valve 10 also includes a resilient umbrella portion 26 extending annularly from an opposite end of the valve body 12. One of skill in the art will recognize that the umbrella valve portion 26 is not limited to being at one end of the valve body but could be extend from any part of the valve body 12. The valve 10 in accordance with particular embodiments of the present invention is of unitary molded construction made of a flexible, elastomeric material. In its normal, unstressed state, wherein the slit 24 is closed, the exterior surface 22 of the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 is generally concave. When subjected to a sufficient predetermined fluid pressure, the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 flexes and the slit 24 opens as seen in FIG. 2. When viewed as in FIG. 3, the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 has a curved contour 27 that curves about an axis of curvature 28 and preferably has an approximately constant radius of curvature 30. The axis of curvature 28 preferably lies on the central longitudinal axis 32 of the hollow, substantially cylindrical portion 14. When viewed as in FIG. 4, the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 has a linear contour 34 oriented substantially normal to the central longitudinal axis 32 and parallel to the axis of curvature 28. Thus, the inverted bi-directional valve portion presents a radially asymmetrical profile about the central longitudinal axis 32, having a curved contour 27 in the plane shown in FIG. 3, and a linear contour 34 in the plane shown in FIG. 4; the two planes preferably being normal to each other and containing the central longitudinal axis 32. In accordance with a particular aspect of the present invention, slit 24 is formed in the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 and extends along the linear contour 34. The slit 24 is normally closed and has a length less than the diameter of the valve body portion 12. In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, the slit 24 intersects and is radially symmetric with respect to the central longitudinal axis 32. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, annular umbrella portion 26 extends from the valve body 12 and may seat against a fluid-restraining member such as a container wall 36 covering one or more fluid passageways 38 defined by container wall 36. In accordance with the valve 10 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the valve body 12 further includes a generally annular retention flange 35 and generally annular groove 37 which engage the mounting flange 39 on the container wall 36. Umbrella portion 26 is normally seated against fluid-restraining member 36 to prevent fluid from flowing through passageway 38. As shown in FIG. 6, when the fluid pressure in the upward direction exceeds a predetermined amount, umbrella portion 26 will flex to permit fluid to flow upward around the periphery of the umbrella 26. The fluid being checked and released by flexible umbrella portion 26 may, but need not be, the same as the fluid passing through flow path 16. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, umbrella portion 26 checks and releases air to compensate for fluid transferred through flow path 16 and inverted bi-directional valve portion 18. With the above-described construction the slit 24 will normally be closed, as seen in FIG. 1 of the drawings. As a pressure differential across the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 increases above some preselected value, the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 flexes in response to the pressure differential, eventually causing the slit 24 to open as seen in FIG. 2 of the drawings. The open slit 24 allows forward flow through the valve 10 in the direction indicated by the arrow 16 in FIG. 3 of the drawings. Delivery of fluid from a container causes a vacuum inside the container that will cause the umbrella portion 26 to lift up peripherally thereby allowing incoming air through fluid passageways 38 to enter the container and replace the fluid transferred from the container through flow path 16 in valve 10. Flow continues until the differential pressure is reduced sufficiently to permit slit 24 to close and the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 returns to the normal closed configuration and the umbrella portion 26 returns to its normal position sealing the fluid passageways 38. Accordingly, fluid flow is checked through both the inverted bidirectional valve portion 18 and the umbrella portion 26 of the combination valve 10. While the material of which the valves are constructed can affect to a great extent the pressures at which the inverted bi-directional and umbrella valves will open for flow and prevent reverse flow, the thickness and shape of the valve components can also influence the operating pressures. Adjusting the thickness of the inverted bidirectional valve portion 18 changes the amount of pressure required to open slit 24. Likewise, the amount of pressure required to flex umbrella portion 26 and open passageways 38 is dependent upon the thickness of umbrella portion 26 as well as other factors. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the combination valve 10 is provided with a means 40 for supporting the interior surface 20 of the inverted bi-directional valve 18 to prevent reverse flow (opposite flow path 16) through the slit 24. As illustrated in FIG. 7, one means 40 for supporting the interior surface 20 of the inverted bi-directional valve 18 comprises a substantially cylindrical tube 42 disposed in the valve body 12 adjacent the interior surface 20 of the inverted bi-directional valve 18. The cylindrical tube 42 can be made of any material capable of providing the necessary support to prevent reverse flow through the slit 24, but typically will be made of materials such as metals or plastics. The means for supporting the interior surface 20 of the inverted bidirectional valve 18 can be a separate structure or an integral part of the combination valve 10. In accordance with another embodiment, the means for supporting the interior surface 20 of the inverted bi-directional valve 18 can be a press-fit structure which is securely disposed in the cylindrical portion 14 of the valve body 12. Furthermore, the means could be an integral part of the valve body 12. The combination valve 10 of the present invention can be produced in accordance with conventional molding techniques. The combination valve 10 will typically be made of a moldable elastomeric material. Elastomers useful in accordance with the present invention are not particularly limited but should be of the appropriate modulus. The material should be resilient to allow the valve to return to the normal closed position when pressure is reduced. In accordance with certain embodiments, the combination valve 10 or individual components of the valve may be constructed of one or more elastomeric compounds selected from the group consisting of nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, polyisoprene, silicone, fluorosilicone elastomers, fluorocarbon elastomers, ethylene propylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymers (EPDM) and combinations thereof. In accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, the combination valve 10 is of unitary construction. However, it is not beyond the scope of the present invention to produce the valve 10 from a plurality of individual components having varying compositions. The combination valve described in this invention may be used in a variety of fluid transfer devices such as in a liquid product dispenser, simple pump or in other fields where it is desired to permit flow of fluid in one direction, but to prevent it from flowing in the opposite direction and where a flow or relief action in the opposite direction must be provided. The combination valve of the present invention is not particularly limited to any specific dimensions or operating conditions but can be manufactured to function properly under a wide variety of operating parameters. However, typical operating pressure differentials across the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 may be about 40 to 100 inches of water for opening the normally closed slit 24 for fluid flow in the direction of flow path 16 and a flow pressure differential of about 25 inches of water for flexing the umbrella portion 26 for fluid flow through fluid passageways 38. As shown in FIG. 8, onset of fluid flow begins at approximately 24 inches H2O for the inverted bi-directional portion of a specific combination valve in accordance with the invention compared to about 4 inches H2O for a duckbill type valve. The delay in fluid flow corresponds to less leakage and dripping through the valve. A valve 10 of the present invention may be installed in a vessel such as a squeeze bottle (not shown) containing a liquid substance. To operate the bottle, the user squeezes the bottle, thereby increasing the pressure within the interior and the pressure of the liquid against the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18. When this pressure reaches a predetermined level, the slit 24 opens as the inverted bi-directional valve portion 18 flexes, permitting the liquid to pass through the open slit 24 and into the ambient. As the user releases the bottle, the inherent resiliency of the bottle urges it to expand and resume its original shape thereby lowering the pressure of the interior below ambient. When the ambient pressure is sufficiently above the interior pressure, the umbrella portion 26 flexes to permit air to enter the bottle through passageways 38. Once the bottle has resumed its original, unsqueezed shape, and the interior pressure is sufficiently reduced, airflow ceases and the slit 24 closes and air flow through passageways 38 ceases. The bottle is preferably used in an inverted position so that the liquid contents bear upon the inverted bidirectional valve portion 18. Thus, when the bottle is squeezed, only liquid passes through the valve 10, instead of part liquid and part air. In such a configuration, the inverted bi-directional valve 18 prevents flow from the bottle until the user squeezes the bottle. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the valve may be used in an operation that requires the fluid to be drawn out under vacuum or other means of subjecting the valve to a pressure differential. From the above it will be seen that the present invention provides a combination valve comprising an inverted bi-directional valve portion and an umbrella portion that provides increased delay prior to the onset of fluid flow in a single elastomeric part. While the forms of apparatus herein described constitute particular embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precise forms of apparatus, and that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention.
Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7845361 *Nov 8, 2007Dec 7, 2010Knight, LlcDesign and method for a dripless liquid wash aid pumping mechanismUS8360287 *May 28, 2009Jan 29, 2013Gojo Industries, Inc.Air piston and dome foam pumpUS20090294477 *May 28, 2009Dec 3, 2009Golo Industries, Inc.Air piston and dome foam pumpUS20100274169 *Apr 23, 2010Oct 28, 2010Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbhValve device, valve insert, external functional means, treatment apparatus, and methodWO2007064990A2 *Dec 4, 2006Jun 7, 2007Bard Inc C RPressure-activated proximal valves* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification137/512.15International ClassificationF16K17/19, A61M39/24, B65D51/16, F16K15/14Cooperative ClassificationA61M2039/242, A61M2039/2426, B65D51/1644, F16K15/148, F16K17/19, A61M39/24European ClassificationA61M39/24, B65D51/16D2, F16K15/14J, F16K17/19Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 21, 2013ASAssignmentFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:VERNAY LABORATORIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:029847/0986Effective date: 20130211Owner name: RBS CITIZENS, N.A., OHIOJan 12, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jan 31, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: VERNAY LABORATORIES, INC., OHIOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BAILEY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER;REEL/FRAME:015635/0945Effective date: 20050118RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Patent US20020111778 - Methods and apparatus for electronically modeling aircraft engine harnesses - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA modeling system that converts a three-dimensionally defined aircraft engine harness in a two-dimensional electronic model, a process known as unfolding, is described. The modeling system electronically unfolds the three-dimensionally defined harness to create a two-dimensional representation, while...http://www.google.com/patents/US20020111778?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20020111778 - Methods and apparatus for electronically modeling aircraft engine harnessesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20020111778 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 09/780,814Publication dateAug 15, 2002Filing dateFeb 9, 2001Priority dateOct 19, 2000Also published asEP1205862A2, EP1205862A3, US7024341Publication number09780814, 780814, US 2002/0111778 A1, US 2002/111778 A1, US 20020111778 A1, US 20020111778A1, US 2002111778 A1, US 2002111778A1, US-A1-20020111778, US-A1-2002111778, US2002/0111778A1, US2002/111778A1, US20020111778 A1, US20020111778A1, US2002111778 A1, US2002111778A1InventorsPatrick Barrow, Dustin Meyers, James Hoelle, Kenneth JungebergOriginal AssigneePatrick Barrow, Meyers Dustin Lee, Hoelle James Stephen, Jungeberg Kenneth AlvinExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (1), Classifications (6), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethods and apparatus for electronically modeling aircraft engine harnessesUS 20020111778 A1Abstract A modeling system that converts a three-dimensionally defined aircraft engine harness in a two-dimensional electronic model, a process known as unfolding, is described. The modeling system electronically unfolds the three-dimensionally defined harness to create a two-dimensional representation, while simultaneously determining a plurality of design parameters. The drawing and the design parameters are displayed in a format that may be used for inspection purposes and manufacturing purposes. More specifically, the modeling system determines branch angles, wire lengths, and a plurality of angles of the three-dimensionally defined harness. Images(8) Claims(18)
What is claimed is: 1. A method for generating a two-dimensional electronically modeled aircraft engine harnesses from a three-dimensional harness definition that includes a plurality of connector fittings coupled together with a plurality of branches, said method comprising the steps of: defining each harness connector fitting; determining design parameters; and generating a two-dimensional stick form model. 2. A method in accordance with claim 1 further comprising the step of displaying the design parameters in a tabular output. 3. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said step of determining design parameters further comprises the step of determining at least one of a branch angle, a base angle, and a true angle for the harness. 4. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said step of determining design parameters further comprises the step of determining at least one of a wire length, a fitting keyway, and a master keyway for the harness. 5. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said step of determining design parameters further comprises the steps of: determining a length between harness branches; and determining locations of diametrical changes of the harness. 6. A modeling system for producing an electronic model of an aircraft engine harness, said system configured to generate a two-dimensional electronic drawing from a three-dimensional harness definition that includes a plurality of connector fittings coupled together with a plurality of branches. 7. A modeling system in accordance with claim 6 wherein to generate the two-dimensional electronic model, said system further configured to determine at least one of a branch angle, a wire length, and a base angle of the harness. 8. A modeling system in accordance with claim 6 wherein to generate the two-dimensional electronic model, said system further configured to determine at least one of a harness true angle, a fitting keyway, and a master keyway of the harness. 9. A modeling system in accordance with claim 6 wherein said system further configured to determine a length between adjacent harness branches. 10. A modeling system in accordance with claim 6 wherein said system further configured to determine diametrical changes of the harness branches. 11. A modeling system in accordance with claim 7 wherein said system further configured to define each connector fitting of the harness. 12. A system for generating a two-dimensional electronic model of an aircraft engine harness from a three-dimensional aircraft engine harness definition that includes a plurality of connector fittings coupled together with a plurality of branches, said system comprising a processor programmed to determine harness design parameters from the three-dimensional aircraft engine harness definition. 13. A system in accordance with claim 12 wherein said processor further programmed to determine parameters including at least one of a branch angle, a base angle, and a true angle. 14. A system in accordance with claim 12 wherein said processor further programmed to determine parameters including at least one of a wire length, a fitting keyway, and a master keyway. 15. A system in accordance with claim 12 wherein said processor further programmed to display the harness design parameters in a tabular format. 16. A system in accordance with claim 12 wherein said processor further programmed to define each harness connector fitting. 17. A system in accordance with claim 12 wherein said processor further programmed to determine a length between harness branches. 18. A modeling system in accordance with claim 12 wherein said processor further programmed to determine diametrical changes of the harness branches.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] This invention relates generally to aircraft engine harnesses and, more particularly, to modeling systems used to model aircraft engine harnesses. [0002] Aircraft engines typically include a plurality of wiring harnesses used to electrically couple a plurality of engine components. Each harness includes a plurality of connectors electrically coupled with a plurality of wire cables. The harnesses typically include a plurality of wire cable branches extending in various angles and directions from a central wire cable. [0003] During an initial assembly of an aircraft engine, an engine mock-up is utilized to determine how each wiring harness should be routed across the engine. More specifically, rope is often routed across the engine to simulate the wiring harness and to produce a template of each wiring harness. [0004] Once the desired assembled condition for each wiring harness is determined, each wiring harness is physically untwisted and measured to determine an unfolded state. After the unfolded state of each wiring harness is determined, drawings are generated for manufacturing and inspection. Because of the complexity of the aircraft engines, the harnesses are often complex, and the process of determining an unfolded state for each of the wiring harnesses may be a time-consuming, challenging, and laborious task, and may not yield accurate results. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] In an exemplary embodiment, a modeling system converts a three-dimensionally defined aircraft engine harness into a two-dimensional electronic model. Specifically, the modeling system electronically unfolds the three-dimensionally defined harness to create a plurality of two-dimensional stick format drawings that are viewable along a plurality of orientations. Furthermore, a processor executing the modeling system determines a plurality of design parameters for the harness and displays the drawings and design parameters in a format that may be used for inspection purposes and manufacturing purposes. More specifically, the processor determines a plurality of angles, diameters, and lengths employed within the three-dimensionally defined harness. As a result, the modeling system facilitates accurately unfolding three-dimensionally defined harnesses to create two-dimensional electronic representations in a cost-effective and reliable manner.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0006]FIG. 1 is a system block diagram; [0007]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an aircraft engine harness; [0008]FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a modeling system for generating a two-dimensional electronically modeled aircraft engine harnesses from a three-dimensional harness definition, such as the aircraft engine harness shown in FIG. 2. [0009]FIG. 4 is an exemplary aircraft engine harness generated using the modeling system shown in FIG. 3; [0010]FIG. 5 is the exemplary aircraft harness shown in FIG. 4 including references used with the modeling system shown in FIG. 3; [0011]FIG. 6 is an exemplary output generated using the modeling system shown in FIG. 3; and [0012]FIG. 7 is an exemplary reference table generated using the modeling system shown in FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0013]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a processing system 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Processing system 10 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 12, a random access memory (RAM) 14, an output device 16, for example a monitor, a mass storage device 18, and an input device 20, for example a keyboard. Processing system 10 may be a single user system, for example, a microcomputer, or a multi-user system including a server (not shown) and a plurality of devices (not shown) connected to the server. In one embodiment, processing system 10 is accessible via the Internet through many interfaces including through a network, such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), through dial-in-connections, cable modems and special high-speed ISDN lines. Additionally, system 10 may include multiple input devices 20, i.e., a keyboard, a mouse, or various automated data input devices, i.e., an optical scanner (not shown). A modeling system program 30 is stored in mass storage device 18 and is executed by processing system 10. In one embodiment, modeling system program 30 uses icds wiring that is similar to icds bracket disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,435. [0014]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary aircraft engine harness 40 including a plurality of connector fittings 42 and at least one base connector 44. More specifically, aircraft engine harness 40 is a three-dimensionally defined harness. Harness connector fittings 42 connect with various aircraft engine components (not shown) to enable harness 40 to electrically couple the aircraft engine components. In the exemplary embodiment, aircraft engine harness 40 includes three connector fittings 42 and one base connector 44. A connector fitting 45 is known as an end connector fitting. [0015] Base connector 44 includes a receptacle portion 46, a base portion 48, and a wire connection portion 50. Receptacle portion 46 extends outwardly from base portion 48 and has a substantially circular cross-sectional profile. A key 52 extends from a connect point 54 of receptacle portion 46 inward towards base portion 48. Receptacle portion key 52 ensures base connector 44 is connected to the aircraft engine component in a proper orientation with respect to the aircraft engine component. [0016] Base connector base portion 48 extends concentrically from base connector receptacle portion 46 to wire connection portion 50. Wire connection portion 50 extends substantially perpendicularly from base portion 48 to an outer end 56, such that an elbow 58 is defined between base connector base portion 48 and wire connection portion 50. Wire connection portion 50 connects to a wire cable 60. [0017] Wire cable 60 extends from base connector 44 to end connector fitting 45. A plurality of flexible cable branches 62 extend between wire cable 60 and each connector fitting 42 to electrically couple each connector fitting 42 to wire cable 60. Cable branches 62 extend in a plurality of angular orientations and planar and non-planar directions from wire cable 60. [0018] Each connector fitting 42 includes a body portion 70 and a receptacle portion 72. Receptacle portion 72 extends substantially perpendicularly from body portion 70 and includes a key (not shown) and a center axis of symmetry 74. The receptacle portion key ensures that each connector fitting 42 is attached to a respective aircraft engine component in a proper orientation with respect to the aircraft engine component. Each body portion 70 extends between a connect point 76 and receptacle portion 72, and includes a center axis of symmetry 78. [0019]FIG. 3 is an exemplary embodiment of an information flow diagram 80 illustrating process steps executed by processing system 10 under the control of program 30 (shown in FIG. 1). FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate exemplary outputs generated with program 30. Executing information flow diagram 80 with processing system 10 under the control of program 30 generates a two-dimensional electronically modeled aircraft engine harness 82 from a three-dimensionally defined harness, such as aircraft engine harness 40 (shown in FIG. 2). [0020] Initially, to generate two-dimensional electronically modeled aircraft engine harness 82, connector fittings 84 are defined 86 using a plurality of connector fitting ports 88 as shown in FIG. 4. Specifically, each connector fitting 84 is defined 86 in terms of a connector port 90, a direction port 92, a free port 94, and a key port 96. Each connector fitting 84 is defined using (X, Y, Z) coordinates. [0021] More specifically, each connector port 90 identifies a connector fitting connect point 76 (shown in FIG. 2). Each direction port 92 identifies an intersection between connector fitting receptacle portion center axis of symmetry 74 (shown in FIG. 2) and connector fitting body portion axis of symmetry 78 (shown in FIG. 2). Each free port 94 identifies a connector fitting receptacle portion 72 (shown in FIG. 2), and each key port 96 identifies the connector fitting receptacle portion key. [0022] After each connector fitting 84 is defined 86, a base connector 100 and an end connector 102 are identified 104 and then defined 86 using connector fitting ports 88. More specifically, connector fitting ports 90, 92, 94, and 96 are used to identify portions of base connector 100 and end connector 102 that are respectively identical to those connector fitting portions identified above with the same connector fitting port. Accordingly, base connector 100, end connector 102, and each connector fitting 84 are defined 86 using four connector fitting ports 88. [0023] After base connector 100 and end connector 102 are defined 86, a cable center line 108 and branch lines 110 are generated 112 as shown in FIG. 5. Cable center line 108 extends linearly between base connector 100 and end connector 102, and branch lines 110 extend linearly between cable center line 108 and each respective connector fitting 84. [0024] One branch line 110 is then chosen 120 to be a reference branch line. After branch line 110 is chosen 120, an X and Y plane are established and a reference coordinate axes Csys is labeled 124 at base connector 100. Additionally, coordinate points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, and P are labeled 128 representing each connector fitting port 88 previously defined and branch points G and L representing an intersection between each branch line 110 and cable center line 108. [0025] Design parameters, described in more detail below, for aircraft engine harness 82 are then generated 130. Additionally, a two-dimensional electronically modeled aircraft harness drawing (not shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) is generated 132. More specifically, program 30 converts a three-dimensionally defined harness 40 into a two-dimensional stick form drawing that represents harness 40. Converting harness 40 into a two-dimensional stick form drawing is sometimes referred to as unfolding. Program 30 facilitates defining harness 40 quickly, reliably, and in a condition that is suitable for manufacturing and inspection. [0026] The design parameters and drawings are then displayed 140. In one embodiment, the design parameters are displayed 140 in a tabular format (not shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) and are included and displayed 140 with the drawings. [0027]FIG. 6 is an exemplary output 150 generated using modeling system 30 (shown in FIG. 3) and illustrating two-dimensional electronically modeled aircraft harness 82. In the exemplary embodiment, harness 82 is illustrated in a first orientation 152 viewed along an X-Y plane, and a second orientation 154 along a Z-X plane. In another embodiment, harness 82 may be rotated to any other orientation. In the exemplary embodiment, output 150 also includes a reference table 160 and a title box 162. [0028]FIG. 7 is an exemplary reference table 160 generated by processing system 10 (shown in FIG. 1) under the control of program 30 (shown in FIG. 1) and in accordance with the method shown in FIG. 2. Reference table 160 includes a plurality of data portions 163 utilized for manufacturing and inspection. More specifically, reference table data portions 163 enable a harness (not shown) to be manufactured from a two-dimensional electronically modeled aircraft engine harness, such as harness 82 (shown in FIG. 6). [0029] A length chart portion 164 provides various lengths 166 of segments 168 of harness 82 (shown in FIG. 6). More specifically, length chart portion 164 provides ordinate lengths along harness cable center line 108 and each branch line 110. Harness sements 168 are defined using coordinate points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, and P, and branch points G and L. [0030] A segment length chart portion 170 provides lengths 172 of harness 82 between harness branches 110. Segment length chart portion 170 also provides segment diameters 174 of portions 176 of harness 82 along harness cable center line 108 and each branch line. Harness portions 176 are defined using coordinate points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, and P, and branch points G and L. Diameters 174 are determined using a diameter calculation program (not shown). [0031] A branch angle chart portion 180 provides branch breakout angles 182 (illustrated in FIG. 5) of various defined portions 184 of harness 82. Portions 184 are defined using coordinate points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, and P, and branch points G and L. In one embodiment, breakout angles 182 are in increments of approximately fifteen degrees, and each breakout angle 182 is between approximately thirty and ninety degrees. [0032] A turn table angle chart portion 190 defines a turn table angle 192 (illustrated in FIG. 4) between two planes 194 defined with adjacent harness branches 110. The planes intersect in a straight line (not shown) that is coincident with centerlines (not shown) of each straight length common to both angles. Turn table angle 192 is defined between the straight length and a previous branch breakout angle 182, and is measured in a counter-clockwise direction from a plane 194 defined by a previous branch 110. [0033] A base and true angle chart portion 200 defines a base angle 202 (measured relative to X-Y plane 154 and to branches 204, and measured in a counter-clockwise direction from the X-axis). A true angle 206 is measured from X-Y plane 154. [0034] A fitting and master keyway turn table angle portion 210 defines a turn table angle 212 using a straight line (not shown) that is coincident with an intersection between a first three point plane (not shown) and a second three point plane. Turn table angle 212 is defined between the straight line and a previous angle 214, and measured in a counter-clockwise direction from the plane of previous angle 214. The above-described modeling system is cost-effective and accurate. [0035] The modeling system generates a two-dimensional electronic model from a three-dimensionally defined harness. Furthermore, the modeling system facilitates unfolding a three-dimensionally defined harness in a shorter time duration than is possible with known harness unfolding methods. Accordingly, the modeling system provides a definition of a harness that is the same in a manufactured condition as in a designed condition. As a result, the modeling system produces two-dimensional electronic models for manufacturing in a cost-effective and reliable manner. [0036] While the invention has been described in terms of various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the claims. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7107197 *Jan 26, 2001Sep 12, 2006Mentor Graphics CorporationWiring harness data systems* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification703/1International ClassificationB64F5/00, G06F17/50Cooperative ClassificationG06F2217/36, G06F17/5095European ClassificationG06F17/50VLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 4, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Sep 4, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Oct 5, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Nov 27, 2007CCCertificate of correctionRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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Unexplored Archaeal Diversity in the Great Ape Gut Microbiome. - PubMed - NCBI
1 selected item: 28251182
mSphere. 2017 Feb 22;2(1). pii: e00026-17. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00026-17. eCollection 2017 Jan-Feb.
Unexplored Archaeal Diversity in the Great Ape Gut Microbiome.
Raymann K1, Moeller AH1, Goodman AL2, Ochman H1.
Archaea are habitual residents of the human gut flora but are detected at substantially lower frequencies than bacteria. Previous studies have indicated that each human harbors very few archaeal species. However, the low diversity of human-associated archaea that has been detected could be due to the preponderance of bacteria in these communities, such that relatively few sequences are classified as Archaea even when microbiomes are sampled deeply. Moreover, the universal prokaryotic primer pair typically used to interrogate microbial diversity has low specificity to the archaeal domain, potentially leaving vast amounts of diversity unobserved. As a result, the prevalence, diversity, and distribution of archaea may be substantially underestimated. Here we evaluate archaeal diversity in gut microbiomes using an approach that targets virtually all known members of this domain. Comparing microbiomes across five great ape species allowed us to examine the dynamics of archaeal lineages over evolutionary time scales. These analyses revealed hundreds of gut-associated archaeal lineages, indicating that upwards of 90% of the archaeal diversity in the human and great ape gut microbiomes has been overlooked. Additionally, these results indicate a progressive reduction in archaeal diversity in the human lineage, paralleling the decline reported for bacteria. IMPORTANCE Our findings show that Archaea are a habitual and vital component of human and great ape gut microbiomes but are largely ignored on account of the failure of previous studies to realize their full diversity. Here we report unprecedented levels of archaeal diversity in great ape gut microbiomes, exceeding that detected by conventional 16S rRNA gene surveys. Paralleling what has been reported for bacteria, there is a vast reduction of archaeal diversity in humans. Our study demonstrates that archaeal diversity in the great ape gut microbiome greatly exceeds that reported previously and provides the basis for further studies on the role of archaea in the gut microbiome.
archaea; great apes; gut microbiome; microbial diversity; species interactions
28251182
PMC5322346
10.1128/mSphere.00026-17
mSphere. 2017 Jan-Feb;2(1):e00026-17.
Archaeon-bacterium associations in great ape gut microbiomes. Networks of positive and negative associations between archaeal 94% OTUs and bacterial genera are shown. Associations are based on relative abundances and include only those involving the seven archaeal 94% OTUs comprising the core archaeal microbiome of humans. Distributions of archaeal OTUs and bacterial genera among great ape species are indicated by solid and open circles, respectively. Lines denote statistically significant associations (P = 0.001) with a Spearman’s rho value of less than −0.5 or greater than 0.5. Black lines show positive and negative associations between archaeal OTUs and bacterial genera present in humans, whereas gray lines show associations of the same archaeal OTUs with bacterial genera not detected in humans. (See for additional taxonomic information.)
R35 GM118038/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States

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text:
Traditional Outdoor Space by David Easton Inc. | AD DesignFile - Home Decorating Photos | Architectural Digest
Traditional Outdoor Space by David Easton Inc. via @archdigest #designfile
Palms Beach, Pink House, Beach Style, Tropical Design, Beach Houses, Pale Pink, Beach House Decor, Naples Florida, Florida Style
Bermuda-Style The Bermuda-style house in Naples, Florida is painted pale salmon. "There are few places where you can have a pink house," Jesse Carrier says of the house he designed with Mara Miller. "So why not?"
Colorful Beach House Decor - Tropical Design Ideas - House Beautiful
from NYTimes.com Sunrise, Sunset and a Space for Each
Interiors Inspiration, Dreams Kitchens, Sunris, Amazing Kitchens, Cubes Interiors, City Apartment, Cities Spaces, City Loft, Dream Kitchens
dream kitchen view.
Pesto Pasta with Sun Dried Tomatoes and Roasted Asparagus - Joybx
THIS! This shade of blue..ooh la la!
Aphrodite's Rock or "Petra tou Romiou", according to Greek mythology this is the place where the goddess Aphrodite came to life out of the foam of the waves, Paphos, Cyprus
Sunset at Petra Tou Romiou next Paphos in Cyprus.
Tou Romioucyprus, Aphrodite Rocks, Petra Tou, Beach, Travel, Places, Paphos Cyprus, Greek Mythology, Cyprus Paphos
Sunset at Petra tou Romiou, Paphos, Cyprus. #cabinmax #travel #beach http://cabinmax.com/en/
Cyprus, Paphos Coast, Aphrodite's rock or "Petra tou Romiou"
by etunar Pinned from
For a warm climate...how fun is this?
Favorite Places, Sierra Nevada, Bonsai Rocks, Jim Patterson, Lakes Tahoe Nevada, Landscapes Photos, Rocks Lakes, Landscapes Photography, Lake Tahoe
lake tahoe in the sierra nevada mountains.
Bonsai Rock by Jim Patterson Lake Tahoe Nevada
Sun sets over Bonsai Rock Lake Tahoe, Nevada
Amazing Landscape Photography 18
...Wish I could be here...
Needs A Vacations, Hammocks, Alone Time, Summer Beach, Beautiful Places, Lifestyle Change, At The Beach, Islands Living, Beach Life
relax in the joy of alone time
Peaceful at the beach. Bonnes vacances à tous...
What a beautiful place to spend time with Jesus!
white . modern . chic
Beach House, Dreams, Banya House, Interiors Design, Modern Architecture, White, House Architecture, Modern House, House Exterior
Modern Architecture - Banya House by TONIC, Brisbane, Australia
Dreamy, modern house exterior
Banya House by Tonic | HomeDSGN, a daily source for inspiration and fresh ideas on interior design and home decoration.
Luxurious Modern House Architecture with Cool Lighting and Furniture with Tonic Banya: Tonic Banya House Front Exterior White Paint Scheme As Attractive Veengle Style And Design ~ veengle.org Luxury Home Designs Inspiration

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. >> also developing news in the investigation into the 1984 disappearance of kevin collins. police are holding a news conference this afternoon that couldst on this man, a "person of interest" who died five years ago. the boy disappeared on the way home from basketball practice in february of 1984. he was seen half a block from the school on a bus, and the person person lived in the area at the time and his home was searched but police found nothing. last week as we first reported, police returned with cadaver dogs and digging equipment and found small bone fragments that have been sent to a laboratory for analysis. our news reporter will have were more in the next half hour. >> fairfield police will provide an update into the investigation of the murder of a 13-year-old. they identified the body of the 13-year-old teen who has been found and released this surveillance video of the girl in fairfield on thursday afternoon at corner of grand circle, four miles great the park where her naked body was discovered at sunrise on friday morning. no word of any arrests in the case so far. > KGO - ABC World News With Diane Sawyer
. until then, have a great night. >>> developing news in the search for kevin collins tonight the one thing pointing police to a person of interest and his family's reaction. >> we know more about what led to a triple homicide in rural sonoma county. and why investigators do not believe anyone sells in danger. >> a cable car collision injures nearly a dozen pa;. their two inch bolt that caused this accident. >> and the strange contraption you may have seen on the bay. >> this case is a case that haunts the san francisco police department. and has pretty much throughout the career of everybody that has been here. >> police reveal new evidence in an investigation you first heard about here on abc 7 news. they've reopened the books and identified a suspect in that 1984 disappear yebs of kevin collins he is a man with a criminal record, including kidnapping that lives in the neighborhood where kevin collins was last seen, police are now calling him wayne jackson but is he known as other aliases, including ferian. >> today police would only say this man is a person of interest, but it's c KRON - KRON 4 Early News
in the kevin collins case. what his former employers had to say. when the kron four morning news continues. your forecast, when we continue. >> taking a look at the stock market this morning. futures trading shows all three indexes in the positive this morning. that's after stocks turn in their worst performance of the year so far yesterday. after posting strong gains for the month of january. on wall street. the dow lost 129-points. to fall below 14-thousand. falling technology stocks cost the nasdaq 47-points. and the s-and-p-500 lost 17-points to fall below 15- hundred. we'll track the numbers as the opening bell rings at 6:30 this morning. >> let us check your forecast. >> good morning. low cloud coverage but it is not as bad as a yesterday. temperatures on the mild side. 40's and 50's. 47 in downtown san francisco. taking a look at the time being. widespread fog and a cloud coverage. this is a pattern that we typically see for the summer months. as we go for the afternoon it will start to burn off. a mixture of sun and clouds mainly along the coast. plenty of upper 50s. fremont, 56 de KPIX - CBS Morning News
for years as they reopen a cold case from 1984. it's the case involving kevin collins who was kidnapped at the age of 10. the person of interest is wayne jackson, who died five years ago and had a history of child abuse. he was a neighbor of collins' and was considered a possible suspect at the time. >> he was detained. he was interviewed. he allowed a consent search of the same house we just did the search warrant on and a photo spread was shown to the two witnesses that described the suspect with the large black dog. and they weren't able to pick him out of the photo spread. >> the knew enough about his past. listen, they dropped the ball on this guy. >> marc klaas, whose daughter was murdered says the police department should have taken jackson more seriously back in 1984. >>> tuesday's triple murder up in sonoma county was a drug deal gone bad. the three men were shot in a cabin near forestville. one from new york, one from colorado, another local to buy marijuana. they were shot to death in a bedroom that was full of pot. >> what i hear KTVU - Ten O'Clock News
tonight about the cold case disappearance of 10-year-old kevin collins. for the first time, san francisco police are publicly acknowledging a suspect, or to use their term, a person of interest. the man, now deceased had many aliases and a criminal record. >> reporter: 10-year-old kevin collins remains frozen in time. he disappeared while waiting for a bus after school in san francisco's haight-ashbury neighborhood in 1984. >> this is a case that haunts the san francisco police department and the city of san francisco. >> reporter: today police revealed new details about wayne jackson. police say he fits the physical description of the man collins was last seen talking to. >> he lived not far from where the abduction happened. he had a dog similar to the dog that the suspect was seen to have. >> reporter: at the time, eyewitnesses and a consense search of jackson's house failed to conclusively tie him to the case. jackson had five different identities, and a history of kidnapping, lewd acts, and sexual assaults against boys in canada, and one at fisherman's wharf in the years before colli KRON - KRON 4 Morning News
to your destination. >> new details about the promise of prime suspect in the kevin collins kidnapping. the salmon's as go of the auction made national headlines in 1984. dan therrien the web by the nickname kelly said the last few years of his life crippled with arthritis. if former employer told kron4 that she is surprised that he is a suspect in a decade old mystery. she's as you are from hong, occasionally plaza pa,, occasionally painted custom home furnishing and fix old cars. he also had a long time carter named jack out.partner name jack chow. they weren't together for more than 30 years and he is not believed to be a suspect in the collins case. chow was so distraught over the death of his partner in 2008 he picked up and moved to canada. officials say a five-year old boy has a safely freed after officers stormed an underground bunker in alabama and shot his 65 year old armed captors to death. agents arrested a child yesterday from the gunman who they say was becoming increasingly agitated. the government has identified it as jimmy lee dykes. authorities say he took the child f KTVU - Mornings on 2
is planned form night. >> it's a first in the kevin collins case from 30 years ago. police are naming a person of interest in the disappearance of the 10-year-old. they say that person of interest was wayne jackson. he used at least four other names including dan ferrian. he died in 2008. he had a history of kidnapping and molestation in san francisco and in canada in the years before kevin collins geared in 1984. >> when we heard his background i just got chills. , you know? in a way he got away with murder. he never had to face the court of law with almost anything he did apparently. he faces a higher court. >> investigators developed new leads in the case and that triggered a search of jackson's old house. that search turned up what appeared to be animal bones. now police are turning to the public, trying to find new leads in the case. make sure you stay here with ktvu news for all the continuing coverage of the collins case. we will bring you the latest developments on the air and online. >>> also new this morning an autopsy is planned today for the alabama gunman who held a lit KGO - ABC News Good Morning America
in the kevin collins cold case investigation. and they plan to release that information at 2:30 this afternoon. collins was last seen leaving his school in february of 1984. he was just 10 years old at the time. of course we'll be at today's police briefing and have the latest on nbc bay area news at 5:00. >>> firefighters are still at the scene of a bomb threat in emeryville where bomb sniffing dogs have been called in to search the building. that building is an office space of the berkeley labs. everyone inside has been evacuated safely. right now we have no details on the threat or how it was communicated to officials. here you go little man. [ humming ] [ babbling ] the cheerios bandit got you again? [ both laugh ] ♪ the one and only, cheerios ♪ the one and only, cheerios >>> welcome back. the time now 9:28. this, of course, san jose. beautiful day shaping up. lots of sunshine. just a little bit of haze overhead and low clouds that are quickly burning off. 45 right now in san jose. 50 in gilroy. take you to lunchtime. temperatures climbing to 60s by noon like antioch for example. and t Excerpts 0 to 12 of about

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Common name: The Mid-State
1,726,693 (2012 est.)[1]
231/sq. mi. 105/km2
7,484 sq. mi.
16,520 km2
2,092 feet ( m)
359 feet ( m)
Location of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro CSA and its components:
Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN, Metropolitan Statistical Area
Shelbyville, Lawrenceburg and Lewisburg, TN, Micropolitan Statistical Areas
The Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro, TN, Combined Statistical Area (CSA) is the result of the addition of the Micropolitan Statistical Areas of Shelbyville (Bedford County), Lawrenceburg (Lawrence County) and Lewisburg (Marshall County) to the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The estimated population of the CSA as of July 1, 2012, was 1,845,235.[1] This Metropolitan Statistical Area includes some of Tennessee's fastest growing counties.
^ a b c http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml
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Global Parts Distributors Car & Truck Air Conditioning & Heater Parts for Toyota for sale | eBay
Global Parts Distributors Car & Truck Air Conditioning & Heater Parts for Toyota
For Toyota Sienna 2004-2010 GPD HVAC Heater Blend Door Actuator
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Global 9645250A
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This part generally fits Toyota vehicles and includes models such as Tacoma with the trims of Base Crew Cab Pickup 4-Door, Base Extended Cab Pickup 2-Door, Base Standard Cab Pickup 2-Door, DLX Extended Cab Pickup 2-Door, DLX Standard Cab Pickup 2-Door, Limited Extended Cab Pickup 2-Door, Pre Runner Crew Cab Pickup 4-Door, Pre Runner Extended Cab Pickup 2-Door, Pre Runner Standard Cab Pickup 2-Door, SR5 Extended Cab Pickup 2-Door.
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Global 9644856A
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For Toyota 4Runner 2010-2020 GPD A/C Condenser (Fits: Toyota)
A/C Compressor-Compressor Kit with Cond New fits 2011 Toyota Sienna 3.5L-V6 (Fits: Toyota)
Global 9641926A
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For Toyota Camry 2002-2006 GPD HVAC Heater Core (Fits: Toyota)
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For Toyota Camry 2002-2006 GPD A/C Refrigerant Suction Hose (Fits: Toyota)
$83.54 shipping
28 new & refurbished from $42.68
For Toyota RAV4 2001-2006 GPD HVAC Heater Core (Fits: Toyota)
Compressor Reman_fits_85-90 TOYOTA MR2 (Fits: Toyota)
Was: Previous Price$459.35
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For Toyota Sienna 2011-2017 GPD HVAC Blower Motor (Fits: Toyota)
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Global Parts Distributors Car & Truck Parts for Toyota
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Global Parts Distributors Car & Truck A/C & Heater Controls for Toyota
Global Parts Distributors Car & Truck Blower Motors for Toyota
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Global Parts Distributors Car and Truck Heater Parts for Toyota
Global Parts Distributors Other Car & Truck Air Conditioning & Heater Parts for Toyota

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iphone - NSArrays and NSDictionaries - Stack Overflow
NSArrays and NSDictionaries [closed]
I am having a problem with NSdictionary and NSArray. What I am trying to accomplish is have one UILabel that will repeat itself with different data within a loop. The data is coming from an xml file. I'm parsing the data correctly, I got it to show up using:
lblAffected = [[[outageDict objectForKey:@"Outage" ]objectForKey:@"outagenum" ]objectForKey:@"text" ];
My problem comes when I have multiple outage numbers associated with one outage. Below is what I currently have.
if (mapCoordinateIsInPolygon) {
int outageIndex = [poly.title intValue];
NSDictionary *outageDict = [sections objectAtIndex:outageIndex];
//NSLog(@"hit, outageDict = %@", outageDict);
for (NSDictionary *data in outageDict){
NSArray *outageData = [outageDict objectForKey:@"Outage" ];
NSMutableArray *outageInfo = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
for(NSDictionary *outa in outageData){
[outageInfo addObject:[[outa objectForKey:@"outagenum"] objectForKey:@"text"]];
NSLog(@"ouatage %@", outageInfo);
NSLog(@"ouatage %i", [outageInfo count]);
for (int i=0; i < [outageInfo count]; i++){
add = add+20;
lblAffected.frame = CGRectMake(130,add,320, 60);
NSLog(@"added : %i",add);
lblAffected.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
lblAffected.textColor = [UIColor redColor];
lblAffected.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Helvetica" size: 13.0];
lblAffected.lineBreakMode = UILineBreakModeWordWrap;
lblAffected.numberOfLines = 1;
lblAffected.text = outageInfo[i];
NSLog(@"outage Ifo %@",outageInfo[i]);
[headerView addSubview:lblAffected];
What needs to happen is once I get the data from outageDict it needs to be stored inside the label and showed on the subView. In case there are multiple outage numbers the label needs to duplicate itself showing all outage numbers 20px beneath each other. I will eventually place it inside a scrollView but for know I'm just trying to fix this.
Now my question is what am I doing wrong on the dictionary and arrays? When I touch the polygonview on the map with multiple outages it shows up in the log file but when I tap one with only one outage it crashes. Am I going about this the wrong way? The Error message is happening at [outageInfo addObject:[[outa objectForKey:@"outagenum"] objectForKey:@"text"]];
and states that -[__NSCFString objectForKey:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x6d2b160
iphone objective-c arrays nsmutablearray nsdictionary share|improve this question edited Dec 30 '12 at 0:09
4,61434587
asked Dec 29 '12 at 21:21
closed as too localized by Kurt Revis, Daij-Djan, msgambel, dreamcrash, Praveen Kumar Dec 30 '12 at 4:48
I'm sorry is there something wrong with my question as to why it's getting a done vote?
– Dwill
Dec 29 '12 at 21:26
What line is it crashing on, and what is the error message?
Dec 29 '12 at 21:36
outageenum is likely no dict :)
The error message you are getting is self-explanatory.
-[__NSCFString objectForKey:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x6d2b160
You have a string object (__NSCFString) and you're treating it as a dictionary by calling objectForKey: on it. Since a string does not understand this method (or selector), you're getting the exception "unrecognized selector sent to instance".
The line at which you're getting this exception contains two distinct calls to objectForKey:, and the exception could be from either of those.
The two objects on which you're calling objectForKey: here are:
[outa objectForKey:@"outagenum"]
To find out if it's the first one or the second one, set a breakpoint on the line where you're seeing the exception or crash. Then, once the debugger halts execution on that line, inspect the data types of both these objects. At the lldb or gdb cursor, type these commands to inspect the problematic objects. po stands for print object, and it prints a description of the object in question.
(lldb) po outa
(lldb) po [outa objectForKey:@"outagenum"]
That should tell you which one of those two is a string object.
share|improve this answer answered Dec 30 '12 at 0:25
76.2k14142208
Just put a breakpoint on [outageInfo addObject:[[outa objectForKey:@"outagenum"] objectForKey:@"text"]];
Dec 30 '12 at 13:36
Just put a breakpoint on [outageInfo addObject:[[outa objectForKey:@"outagenum"] objectForKey:@"text"]]; then in log try the following (lldb) po [outa class] and (lldb) po [[outa objectForKey:@"outagenum"] class] it well tell you the class type for each instance.
Dec 30 '12 at 13:44
What kind of object you are setting for key outagenum at outa (assuming it is a dictionary)
That is string or dictionary?
share|improve this answer answered Dec 29 '12 at 23:44
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