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Patent US6768981 - Method for executing a cross-trade in a two-way wireless system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA method for executing a cross-trade. The method includes the steps of receiving at a computer carried by a floor broker a sell order for execution, the sell order concerning an instrument and including a first set of terms and also a buy order for execution, the buy order concerning the instrument and...http://www.google.com/patents/US6768981?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6768981 - Method for executing a cross-trade in a two-way wireless systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6768981 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/210,301Publication dateJul 27, 2004Filing dateAug 1, 2002Priority dateSep 20, 1994Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020198813Publication number10210301, 210301, US 6768981 B2, US 6768981B2, US-B2-6768981, US6768981 B2, US6768981B2InventorsL. Thomas Patterson, Jr., Desmond Sean O'Neill, Stephen Tyler CarrollOriginal AssigneePapyrus CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (54), Non-Patent Citations (19), Referenced by (33), Classifications (27), Legal Events (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod for executing a cross-trade in a two-way wireless system
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Harvey A.Method and system for continuous integrated resource managementUS5459458Feb 24, 1995Oct 17, 1995Motorola, Inc.Virtual pager for general purpose data terminalUS5459837Apr 21, 1993Oct 17, 1995Digital Equipment CorporationSystem to facilitate efficient utilization of network resources in a computer networkUS5467268Feb 25, 1994Nov 14, 1995Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyMethod for resource assignment and schedulingUS5530438Jan 9, 1995Jun 25, 1996Motorola, Inc.Method of providing an alert of a financial transactionUS5559878May 23, 1994Sep 24, 1996Teltrust, Inc.Telephonic communications answering and callback processing systemUS5561446Feb 7, 1995Oct 1, 1996Montlick; Terry F.Method and apparatus for wireless remote information retrieval and pen-based data entryUS5608907Apr 4, 1995Mar 4, 1997Digital Equipment Corp.Extensible entity management system including an information manager for obtaining, storing and retrieving information from entitiesUS5615121Jan 31, 1995Mar 25, 1997U S West Technologies, Inc.System and method for scheduling service providers to perform customer service requestsUS5619655Jan 24, 1994Apr 8, 1997Siemens AktiengesellschaftSystem for administration and management of network from remote or central station through an operator interface which prepares and stores the management orders for executionUS5634100Aug 7, 1995May 27, 1997Apple Computer, Inc.System and method for event parameter interdependence and adjustment with pen inputEP0388162A2Mar 14, 1990Sep 19, 1990Chicago Board Of TradeApparatus for market tradingWO2001026003A1 *Oct 5, 2000Apr 12, 2001Goldman Sachs & Co.Order centric tracking system and protocol for communications with handheld trading units* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1"A Handheld Computer That's Combat-Hardened" by Greg burns-Business Week, Apr. 18, 1994, p. 94, 96.2"Frontlines: Hand-held Price Reporting Systerm Launched"-Wall Street & Technology, vol. 10, No. 4., p. 14.3"LANs Explained A Guide to Local Area Networks," by W. Scott Currie, Chapter 11, pp. 122-133 and Table of Contents.4"Off-Exchange Trading Chips Away at NYSE Volume," by Ivy Schmerken, Wall Street & Technology, vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 42-44, 46-48.5 *"Options Exchange Using Wireless Terminals" (NPL), American Banker, Nov. 1994.*6"Technology Outruns Even the Runners On Wall Street: Electronic Trading to Replace Hand-Carried Messages on the Floor of Big Board," by Dave Pettit-The Wall Street Journal, Aug. 19, 1994.7"The Specialist At the New York Stock Exchange: Auctioneer Catalyst Agent Principal", 11 page pamphlet.8"Tossing Out Tickets" by Carrie R. Smith-Wall Street & Technology, Vo. 11, No. 13, pp. 52-53, 55-56, 58.9"WordPerfect Office Reference for IBM Personal Computers and PC Networks", Table of Contents and pp. 495-500, 513-515, 557-560.10"A Handheld Computer That's Combat-Hardened" by Greg burns—Business Week, Apr. 18, 1994, p. 94, 96.11"Frontlines: Hand-held Price Reporting Systerm Launched"—Wall Street & Technology, vol. 10, No. 4., p. 14.12"Technology Outruns Even the Runners On Wall Street: Electronic Trading to Replace Hand-Carried Messages on the Floor of Big Board," by Dave Pettit—The Wall Street Journal, Aug. 19, 1994.13"Tossing Out Tickets" by Carrie R. Smith—Wall Street & Technology, Vo. 11, No. 13, pp. 52-53, 55-56, 58.14Is the Pen Mightier Than The Phone?, by Jenna Michaels dated Sep. 1991, Wall Street Computer Review, 2 pp.15Report of the Presidential Task Force on Market Mechanisms-Jan. 1988, Table of Contents and pp. i, VI-14, VI-14.16Report of the Presidential Task Force on Market Mechanisms—Jan. 1988, Table of Contents and pp. i, VI-14, VI-14.17Wall Street Letter, Jun. 20, 1994, p. 6.18Wall Street Letter, Mar. 1, 1993, p. 7.19Wall Street Letter, Oct. 12, 1992, p. 7.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7038663 *Apr 18, 2005May 2, 2006Sony CorporationBi-directional communication system, display apparatus, base apparatus and bi-directional communication methodUS7269793 *Oct 18, 2002Sep 11, 2007Ebs Group LimitedConversational dealing systemUS7512087Oct 2, 2001Mar 31, 2009Sony CorporationCommunication system, apparatus and methods employing multiple communication networksUS7739712Jul 3, 2006Jun 15, 2010Sony CorporationApparatus and system for delivering audio/video content to a remote receiverUS7860778Nov 8, 2004Dec 28, 2010Cfph, LlcSystem and method for implementing push technology in a wireless financial transactionUS7904370Mar 31, 2003Mar 8, 2011Trading Technologies International, Inc.System and method for variably regulating order entry in an electronic trading systemUS8086519Dec 27, 2011Cfph, LlcSystem and method for facilitating a wireless financial transactionUS8175959Dec 21, 2010May 8, 2012Cfph, LlcSystem and method for implementing financial transactionUS8180692Jun 30, 2008May 15, 2012Pablo, LLC.System and method for performing automatic spread tradingUS8312149Nov 13, 2012Trading Technologies International, Inc.System and method for communicating with an electronic exchange in an electronic trading environmentUS8543485 *May 3, 2006Sep 24, 2013Trading Technologies International, Inc.System and method for variably regulating order entry in an electronic trading systemUS8566456Sep 26, 2012Oct 22, 2013Trading Technologies International, Inc.System and method for communicating with an electronic exchange in an electronic trading environmentUS8768806Mar 9, 2012Jul 1, 2014Pablo, LlcSystem and method for performing automatic spread tradingUS9159097Sep 20, 2013Oct 13, 2015Trading Technologies International, Inc.System and method for communicating with an electronic exchange in an electronic trading environmentUS20020075876 *Oct 2, 2001Jun 20, 2002Munehiro YoshikawaCommunication system, apparatus and methods employing multiple communication networksUS20030061148 *Jul 16, 2002Mar 27, 2003Shahram AlavianFinancial derivative and derivative exchange with guaranteed settlementUS20030093363 *Oct 18, 2002May 15, 2003Horsfall Peter Richard P.Conversational dealing systemUS20040193526 *Mar 31, 2003Sep 30, 2004Singer Scott F.System and method for variably regulating order entry in an electronic trading systemUS20050188418 *Apr 18, 2005Aug 25, 2005Mami UchidaBi-directional communication system, display apparatus, base apparatus and bi-directional communication methodUS20050234806 *Mar 11, 2005Oct 20, 2005Markets Inc.System and method for a continuous auction market with dynamically triggered temporal follow-on auctionsUS20060085310 *Oct 14, 2004Apr 20, 2006Cfph LlcSystem and method for facilitating a wireless financial transactionUS20060100951 *Nov 8, 2004May 11, 2006Cfph LlcSystem and method for implementing push technology in a wireless financial transactionUS20060106708 *Nov 18, 2004May 18, 2006Abushaban Bassel MSystem and method for processing matched tradesUS20060265314 *May 3, 2006Nov 23, 2006Trading Technologies International, Inc.System and method for variably regulating order entry in an electronic trading systemUS20060277138 *Jun 2, 2006Dec 7, 2006Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.System and method for a request for cross in a trade matching engineUS20060282369 *Jun 13, 2006Dec 14, 2006White William POne touch hybrid trading model and interfaceUS20070027728 *Oct 4, 2006Feb 1, 2007Schuver Steven SSystem and method for protecting a securityUS20070192232 *Feb 16, 2006Aug 16, 2007Andrew CzupekSystem and method to create markets and trade intercommodity spreadsUS20090006244 *Jun 30, 2008Jan 1, 2009Pablo, LlcSystem and Method for Performing Automatic Spread TradingUS20110119190 *May 19, 2011Magid Joseph MinaAnonymous transaction payment systems and methodsUS20120215673 *Aug 23, 2012Bruce UsherElectronic trading systems and methodsUS20140372301 *Jun 13, 2013Dec 18, 2014Suresh AnamanamuriPayment Recipient VerificationWO2006055278A2 *Nov 2, 2005May 26, 2006Board Of Trade Of The City Of Chicago, Inc.System and method for processing matched trades* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification705/36.00R, 705/37, 705/35International ClassificationG06Q40/00, H04L29/12, H04L29/06, H04L12/18, H04L29/08, H04L12/28Cooperative ClassificationH04L67/04, H04L69/329, H04L61/20, H04L29/12009, H04L29/12207, G06Q40/00, H04L12/1804, G06Q40/06, H04W8/26, G06Q40/04European ClassificationG06Q40/04, H04L29/12A3, H04L29/12A, G06Q40/00, H04L61/20, G06Q40/06, H04L29/08N3, H04L12/18BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 15, 2005CCCertificate of correctionMay 3, 2005CCCertificate of correctionJan 28, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Feb 4, 2008REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJul 28, 2011ASAssignmentOwner name: NYSE TECHNOLOGIES, INC., NEW YORKFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PAPYRUS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION;PATTERSON, L. THOMAS;O NEILL, DESMOND SEAN;REEL/FRAME:026677/0163Effective date: 20110510Nov 9, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Sep 3, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: NYSE GROUP, INC., UNITED STATESFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NYSE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:033659/0846Effective date: 20140530Mar 4, 2016REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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Clifford Odets and American political theatre (Book, 2003) [WorldCat.org]
Title: Clifford Odets and American political theatre
Author: Christopher J Herr
Publisher Synopsis ?None of the studies of Clifford Odets since the early 1960s delves into the political content and context of his plays more thoroughly and powerfully than this one does. Herr expands on points suggested by Casper Nannes in his pioneering Politics in the American Drama (1960). And Herr demonstrates how the Depression gave Odets a cause and how his close affiliation with the Group Theatre gave him a surrogate family....The book is well documented and includes an excellent chronological table, extensive bibliography, and comprehensive index. Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.?-Choice
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Map, 1700/1799, History, New Jersey, Geography and Map Division, Image, Sauthier, Claude Joseph | Library of Congress
Results: 1-2 of 2 | Refined by: Original Format: Map Remove Date: 1700 to 1799 Remove Subject: History Remove Location: New Jersey Remove Part of: Geography and Map Division Remove Online Format: Image Remove Contributor: Sauthier, Claude Joseph Remove

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Health in Turkey - Wikipedia
According to the World Health Organisation the health of the Turkish population has improved because of the Health Transformation Program initiated by the government, which has strengthening primary health care services through the use of a family medicine system. There have been investments in infrastructure, equipment, and supplies.
Life expectancy at birth is 75 years. Infant mortality is 11.3 per 1000 live births.[1]
The most frequent causes of death, in order of frequency, are infectious and parasitic diseases, cancer, heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. Since the 1980s, the occurrence of measles, pertussis, typhoid fever, and diphtheria has decreased sharply because of improved availability of potable water. More than 80 percent of one-year-olds received inoculations against childhood diseases in 2004. Between 1980 and 2004, the infant mortality rate decreased by 65%. In 2007 an estimated 3,700 adults in Turkey were infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Reportedly, in the early 2000s sexual activity was the cause of 80-90% HIV cases, and drug abuse was the cause of 7 percent of cases. Some 260 new cases were reported in 2006. Commercial blood donation has been abolished in order to eliminate that cause of HIV transmission.[2]
In 2015 it was estimated that 14.71% of the population had diabetes, more than any other country in Europe, costing about $895 per person per year. Diabetes has been described as “one of the top priorities” for the Turkish government.[3]
In 2001–2002, 36.8% of the population was overweight and 23.5% obese. In that same year, 11.4% of boys and 10.3% of girls age 12–17 were overweight. The occurrence of diabetes is higher among women than men.[4]
Obesity and being overweight is higher among women for several reasons. A majority of women do not have jobs outside of the home and lead more sedentary lifestyles as a result. Housework is often the only source of physical activity for women, as there is no prior tradition of women participating in sports. Individuals living in urban areas are more likely to be overweight or obese because of the availability of public transportation and the sedentary lifestyle. A lack of knowledge about diabetes and the health consequences also contribute to the high percentage of excessive weight.[4]
^ "Country Co-operation Strategy:Turkey" (PDF). World Health Organisation. May 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2015. ^ Turkey country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (August 2008). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Top 10: Which country has the highest rates of diabetes in Europe? The UK's position might surprise you…". Diabetes UK. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2015. ^ a b Satman, Ilhan; et al. "Population-Based Study of Diabetes and Risk Characteristics in Turkey Results of the Turkish Diabetes Epidemiology Study (TURDEP)". This health-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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text:
A pharmacoeconomic analysis of patients with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. - PubMed - NCBI
Format: AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend toChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 10168095FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowPharmacoeconomics. 1997 Jun;11(6):550-65.A pharmacoeconomic analysis of patients with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Cockrum PC1, Finder SF, Ries AJ, Potyk RP.Author information1Center for Pharmacoeconomic Studies and Outcomes Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA. cockrump@aa.wl.comAbstractA pharmacoeconomic analysis of therapies for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was conducted. The therapies compared were androgenic hormone inhibition (finasteride) and alpha-blockade (doxazosin, prazosin and terazosin). This was a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the US military. The 36-month decision-tree model considered the aforementioned drugs as initial therapy for BPH following an unsuccessful period of watchful waiting. Therapy was continued toward a successful response. All patients who did not respond to therapy received secondary interventions, including transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The main outcome measures were clinical effectiveness and incurred costs. A Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis was performed on all cost-effectiveness ratios. The model and sensitivity analysis supported prazosin as the most cost effective alpha-blocker over finasteride: the mean difference was $US381.65 (1994 values) per successfully treated patient, with a range of $US57.83 to $US675.53, in favour of prazosin. If prazosin was used as initial drug therapy after watchful waiting for a man over 50 years of age with classical symptoms of prostatism and no other severe or confounding comorbid conditions, a cost of $US578.15 per treatment could be expected, with clinical effectiveness of 70.3%. Patients who cannot tolerate prazosin should be considered for terazosin therapy before moving on from alpha-blockers. Subsequent treatment with finasteride would cost $US1426.53, with an additional clinical effectiveness of 9.9%. For the small number of patients who fail both therapies, the cost effectiveness of a first TURP as 'third-line' intervention [$US4321.36 for an additional effectiveness of 8.62% and a repeat TURP as 'fourth-line' ($US7650.54 for 0.59%) interventional] was calculated in a similar manner. Costs were cumulative, and effectiveness was derived from the total number of patients who started prazosin therapy. Pharmacological therapy was more cost effective than surgical intervention, and alpha-blockers were more cost effective than finasteride. Among the alpha-blockers, prazosin was by far the most cost effective followed by terazosin, then doxazosin.PMID: 10168095 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ShareMeSH TermsMeSH TermsCost-Benefit AnalysisEconomics, PharmaceuticalHumansMaleModels, EconomicProstatic Hyperplasia/economics*Prostatic Hyperplasia/therapyLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesOvid Technologies, Inc.MedicalBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia - Genetic AllianceEnlarged Prostate (BPH) - MedlinePlus Health InformationPubMed Commons home

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9781511543705: Juatwa (World of Myth) (Volume 5) - AbeBooks - Travis Bughi: 1511543701
Travis Bughi Juatwa (World of Myth) (Volume 5)
ISBN 13: 9781511543705
Juatwa (World of Myth) (Volume 5)
ISBN 10: 1511543701 ISBN 13: 9781511543705
The time has come for Emily to make good on her promise of vengeance—a promise made not only to herself, but to the angels of Lucifan. After chasing Heliena the world over, Emily finally has her cornered, but with nowhere left to run, Heliena won’t be so easy to defeat. In Juatwa, a place of never-ending war waged on a massive scale, Emily must fight her way through deadly creatures, ninja assassins, and not one, but three armies, all for the slim chance at defeating her nemesis, once and for all. But Emily has an ally on her side whose skills rival her own. With his help, a bit of determination, and perhaps some luck, they might just win the day.

value: This website is an e-commerce global online marketplace with seven websites that offer books, fine art, and collectables from sellers in over 50 countries. Launched in 1996, it specialises in used, rare and out-of-print books.


text:
Evaluation of geometric and operational characteristics affecting the safety of six-lane divided roadways : final report (Book, 2007) [WorldCat.org]
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/83593800 Title: Evaluation of geometric and operational characteristics affecting the safety of six-lane divided roadways : final report Author: Theodore A Petritsch; Sprinkle Consulting, Inc Publisher: [Lutz, Fla.] : Sprinkle Consulting, [2007] OCLC:83593800
Evaluation of geometric and operational characteristics affecting the safety of six-lane divided roadways : final report
Theodore A Petritsch; Sprinkle Consulting, Inc.
[Lutz, Fla.] : Sprinkle Consulting, [2007]
Interstate Highway System -- Florida -- Evaluation.
Express highways -- Florida -- Evaluation.
Transportation, Automotive -- Florida -- Evaluation.
Evaluation of geometric and operational characteristics affecting the safety of six-lane divided roadways.
(OCoLC)768187275
Find more information about: Theodore A Petritsch
"Project no. BD 543 RPWO 5."
ix, 151 leaves (some folded) : illustrations (some color) ; 28 cm
Theodore A. Petritsch [and others].
Add tags for "Evaluation of geometric and operational characteristics affecting the safety of six-lane divided roadways : final report". Be the first.
Traffic accidents -- Florida -- Evaluation.
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*DNC* Wyman in Eureka, MO | Groupon
*DNC* Wyman
Property with over 250 acres hosts educational outdoor activities such as ziplining, a high-ropes course, and a 50-ft. climbing wall
Limit 5 per person, may buy multiple additional as gifts. Reservation required. Must be 12 or older. Must sign waiver.
Email for questions/information: deals@experiencewyman.org
$25 for Three Hours of Ziplining, Wall Climbing, and Challenge Courses ($70 Value)
Visitors sail through the air on ziplines and scale a 50-foot climbing wall. Additionally, the high-ropes course leads climbers through an elevated gauntlet of obstacles they must master high above the ground. Each three-hour outdoor jaunt can have up to 50 participants.
Today, powered by a dedicated staff of community leaders and volunteers, the Wyman Center’s numerous initiatives revolve around leadership and outreach programs. Amidst 250 acres of sylvan land, the Eureka campus serves as a base for outdoor education programs available to a variety of organizations from educational camps to team building retreats. Under the watchful eyes of supportive staffers and any fruit bats flying overhead, outdoor adventurers can tackle challenges afforded by ziplines, climbing walls, and orienteering activities. Along with skill-building programs, a variety of getaway packages invite groups to revel in the alfresco amenities of the Eureka campus while celebrating birthdays, weddings, or family reunions. Customer Reviews
Great time and the people were very friendly
Loved it all. Our daughter is petite and special needs on mobility, wish the steps on the pole to zip line were closer together for her (21 yrs old, 4'10"). It was a great family experience, an adventure that was very physical!
Jere W. ·
Lot of fun and perfect weekend activity


text:
Patent US7622161 - Method of making window unit including diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method of making a coated article (e.g., window unit), and corresponding coated article are provided. A layer of or including diamond-like carbon (DLC) is formed on a glass substrate. Then, a protective layer is formed on the substrate over the DLC inclusive layer. During heat treatment (HT), the protective...http://www.google.com/patents/US7622161?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7622161 - Method of making window unit including diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatingAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7622161 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/891,187Publication dateNov 24, 2009Filing dateJul 15, 2004Priority dateMar 7, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2468270A1, CA2468270C, EP1483113A1, US6827977, US7988836, US20030170464, US20040258926, US20100032287, US20110274854, WO2003076184A1, WO2003076184A9Publication number10891187, 891187, US 7622161 B2, US 7622161B2, US-B2-7622161, US7622161 B2, US7622161B2InventorsVijayen S. VeerasamyOriginal AssigneeGuardian Industries Corp.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (53), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (16), Classifications (55), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod of making window unit including diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating
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charge generating compound; charge transfer compoundUS5965246 *Jun 3, 1996Oct 12, 1999Saint-Gobain VitrageTransparent substrates coated with a stack of thin layers having reflection properties in the infrared and/or in the solar radiation rangeUS6133119Jul 9, 1997Oct 17, 2000Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.Photoelectric conversion device and method manufacturing sameUS6261672Nov 30, 1998Jul 17, 2001Saint-Gobain VitrageLaminated glazing and its manufacturing processUS6261693May 3, 1999Jul 17, 2001Guardian Industries CorporationHighly tetrahedral amorphous carbon coating on glassUS6277480Sep 7, 2000Aug 21, 2001Guardian Industries CorporationCoated article including a DLC inclusive layer(s) and a layer(s) deposited using siloxane gas, and corresponding methodUS6280834Jul 28, 2000Aug 28, 2001Guardian Industries CorporationCoated article of glass substrate with hydrophobic coatingUS6280847May 1, 1998Aug 28, 2001Pilkington PlcLaminated glazingsUS6284377Apr 25, 2000Sep 4, 2001Guardian Industries CorporationHydrophobic coating including DLC on substrateUS6303225May 24, 2000Oct 16, 2001Guardian Industries CorporationFor antifog automobile windshields, windows, bathroom mirrorsUS6303226Mar 15, 2001Oct 16, 2001Guardian Industries CorporationHighly tetrahedral amorphous carbon coating on glassUS6312808Jul 17, 2000Nov 6, 2001Guardian Industries CorporationHydrophobic coating with DLC & FAS on substrateUS6335086Jun 1, 2000Jan 1, 2002Guardian Industries CorporationCan repel water and/or dirt, for automobile windows, windshieldsUS6338901Nov 18, 1999Jan 15, 2002Guardian Industries CorporationHydrophobic coating including DLC on substrateUS6395333 *Aug 13, 2001May 28, 2002Guardian Industries Corp.A glass substrate with a coating of highly tetrahedral amorphous carbon having sp3 carbon-carbon bonds to increase surface bonding; initial contact angle theta to provide waterproofing; hardness to provide durability; auto windowsUS6451434Dec 20, 1999Sep 17, 2002Asahi Glass Company, LimitedZinc oxide film containing aluminum, silver, and third layer is oxides,nitrides, carbides and double compounds thereof;windowsUS6475573 *Nov 1, 2000Nov 5, 2002Guardian Industries Corp.Bonding strengthUS6491987 *Jul 3, 2001Dec 10, 2002Guardian Indusries Corp.Process for depositing DLC inclusive coating with surface roughness on substrateUS6602371 *Feb 27, 2001Aug 5, 2003Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making a curved vehicle windshieldUS6663753 *Jun 20, 2002Dec 16, 2003Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making coated article including DLC inclusive layer over low-E coatingUS6740211 *Feb 14, 2002May 25, 2004Guardian Industries Corp.Reduction in defects and hazeUS6764579 *Sep 13, 2002Jul 20, 2004Guardian Industries Corp.Solar management coating system including protective DLCUS6808606 *Sep 10, 2002Oct 26, 2004Guardian Industries Corp.Method of manufacturing window using ion beam milling of glass substrate(s)US6827977Mar 7, 2002Dec 7, 2004Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making window unit including diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatingUS6878404 *Feb 6, 2003Apr 12, 2005Guardian Industries Corp.Using a first voltage to ion beam deposit a first portion of the layer and a second higher voltage to deposit a second portion of the layer over the first portionUS7060322 *Sep 2, 2003Jun 13, 2006Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making heat treatable coated article with diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatingUS7067175Oct 10, 2003Jun 27, 2006Guardian Industries Corp.Soda inclusive glass substrate is coated with a highly tetrahedral amorphous carbon inclusive layer that is a form of diamond-like carbon (DLC). In certain embodiments, the amorphous carbon layer includes at least about 35% sp3US7150849 *Feb 25, 2004Dec 19, 2006Guardian Industries Corp.Heat treatable coated article with diamond-like carbon (DLC) and/or zirconium in coatingUS7229533 *Jun 25, 2004Jun 12, 2007Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making coated article having low-E coating with ion beam treated and/or formed IR reflecting layerUS7449218 *Oct 26, 2006Nov 11, 2008Guardian Industries Corp.Heat treatable coated article with diamond-like carbon (DLC) and/or zirconium in coatingUS7501148 *Nov 4, 2003Mar 10, 2009Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making heat treatable coated article with diamond-like carbon (DLC) and/or zirconium in coatingUS7507442 *Nov 22, 2004Mar 24, 2009Guardian Industries Corp.Heat treatable coated article with diamond-like carbon (DLC) and/or zirconium in coatingUS7537801 *Jun 24, 2005May 26, 2009Guardian Industries Corp.Heat treatable coated article with diamond-like carbon (DLC) and/or zirconium in coatingUS20030064198Sep 10, 2002Apr 3, 2003Thomsen Scott VMethod of manufacturing window using ion beam milling of glass substrate(s)US20030113551Feb 14, 2002Jun 19, 2003Thomsen Scott V.Method of manufacturing windshield using ion beam milling of glass substrate(s)US20070188871 *Jul 27, 2004Aug 16, 2007Saint-Gobain Glass FranceTransparent substrate comprising an antireflection coatingUS20070254164 *Apr 27, 2006Nov 1, 2007Guardian Industries Corp.Photocatalytic window and method of making sameUS20080020211 *Jul 20, 2006Jan 24, 2008Guardian Industries Corp.Thermally tempering a glass substrate with a layer of zirconium and zinc to form zinc-doped zirconium oxide; following tempering,this layer is doped with fluorine and/or carbon; automobile windows; protective coatings; solar radiation; durability; wear resistanceUS20090142603 *Jan 30, 2009Jun 4, 2009Guardian Industries Corp.Heat treatable coated article with diamond-like carbon (DLC) and/or zirconium in coatingEP0605814A1Dec 13, 1993Jul 13, 1994International Business Machines CorporationDiamond-like carbon films from a hydrocarbon helium plasmaEP0723944A1Jan 25, 1996Jul 31, 1996Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc.Wear resistant windowsWO2000066506A1May 1, 2000Nov 9, 2000Guardian IndustriesHighly tetrahedral amorphous carbon coating on glassWO2002038515A2Oct 29, 2001May 16, 2002Guardian IndustriesSolar management coating system including protective dlc* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1"Highly tetrahedral, diamond-like amorphous hydrogenated carbon prepared from a plasma beam source", Weiler et al., May 23, 1994, No. 21, pp. 2797-2799, Amer.Phys.Inst., Appl.Phys.Let., vol. 54.2"Optical and Electronic Properties of Amorphous Diamond", Veerasamy et al., 1993, pp. 782-787, Diamond and Related Materials, vol. 2, No. 5/7, Apr. 1993.3"Preparation and Properties of Highly Tetrahedral Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon", Weiler et al., Jan. 15, 1996, XP-000992913, pp. 1594-1608, Amer.Phys.Soc., Phys.Review B, vol. 53, No. 3.4Properties of Ion Beam Deposited Tetrahedral Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Films, Ronning et al., pp. 335-340, Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc., vol. 593, 2000.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7833574 *Jan 29, 2007Nov 16, 2010Guardian Industries Corp.Forming a protective film of zinc oxide over the DLC on a glass substrate to prevent burnoff of the DLC layer during heat treatment; allows scratch resistant DLC coating on heat treated transparent shower doors or window unitsUS7914857Jun 1, 2007Mar 29, 2011Guardian Industries Corp.Forming a protective film on a glass substrate over the DLC, performing thermal tempering, heat strengthening, and/or heat bending, the protective tin oxide film prevents burnoff of the DSC layer during heat treatingUS7964238Nov 19, 2007Jun 21, 2011Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making coated article including ion beam treatment of metal oxide protective filmUS7988836Oct 13, 2009Aug 2, 2011Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making window unit including diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatingUS8003167Jun 1, 2007Aug 23, 2011Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making heat treated coated article using diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating and protective filmUS8071166Aug 29, 2008Dec 6, 2011Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making heat treated coated article using diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating and protective filmUS8132426May 17, 2007Mar 13, 2012Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making heat treated coated article using diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating and protective filmUS8221832Oct 7, 2010Jul 17, 2012Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making heat treated coated article having carbon layer and utilizing removable zinc oxide inclusive protective filmUS8354178Oct 7, 2010Jan 15, 2013Guardian Industries Corp.Coated article having diamond-like carbon (DLC) and protective film thereonUS8440255Nov 3, 2011May 14, 2013Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making heat treated coated article using diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating and protective filmUS8443627Feb 9, 2012May 21, 2013Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making heat treated coated article using diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating and protective filmUS8541792Oct 15, 2010Sep 24, 2013Guardian Industries Corp.Method of treating the surface of a soda lime silica glass substrate, surface-treated glass substrate, and device incorporating the sameUS8580336Dec 13, 2012Nov 12, 2013Guardian Industries Corp.Method of making heat treated coated article using diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating and protective filmUS8808882Sep 17, 2010Aug 19, 2014Guardian Industries Corp.Coated article having boron doped zinc oxide based seed layer with enhanced durability under functional layer and method of making the sameUS8815420Sep 17, 2010Aug 26, 2014Guardian Industries Corp.Coated article having zinc oxide seed layer with reduced stress under functional layer and method of making the sameWO2012050597A1Oct 4, 2011Apr 19, 2012Guardian Industries Corp.Method of treating the surface of a soda lime silica glass substrate, surface-treated glass substrate, and device incorporating the same* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification427/527, 427/529, 427/376.1, 427/249.7, 427/163.1, 204/192.27, 204/192.26, 427/165, 204/192.28, 427/523, 427/530, 427/162International ClassificationC23C16/56, C23C14/34, C03C17/34, C03C17/36, C23C14/58, B60J1/00, B32B17/10, C23C14/16, C23C14/48, C23C16/26Cooperative ClassificationY10S427/103, Y10S427/105, C03C17/3636, C03C17/36, C03C17/3435, B32B17/10009, C03C17/366, C03C17/3634, B32B17/10981, C03C2217/78, C23C16/26, C03C17/3441, B32B17/1055, B32B17/10174, B60J1/002, C03C17/3482, C03C2218/365, C23C16/56, C03C17/3626European ClassificationC03C17/34D4B, C23C16/26, B32B17/10E10, C03C17/36, C23C16/56, C03C17/34D4D, B32B17/10L22, C03C17/34D4K, B32B17/10C, B32B17/10G, C03C17/36B352L, C03C17/36B336, C03C17/36B332, C03C17/36B338Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 24, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Dan - Tri-State Outdoors Group (New York
Dan http://www.meetup.com/Tri-State-Outdoors-Group/members/4983115/
Hi Dan,Thanks for joining my meetup group. We look forward to seeing you at an upcoming event.best,Risa Feb 04, 2013 6:41 PM
Hello Dan, we are all looking forward to seeing you tomorrow!With dharma wisdom at our heart our inner and outer world changes.Looking forward to meditating with you.Many blessings, Kelsang Dechok Jan 29, 2013 11:15 AM
Trish Sumida
Thank you for the nice message, I am sorry for your loss. My husbands father has advanced Alzheimer's and I know how devastating it is. Hope to see you at an upcoming meetup. Best Wishes. Oct 25, 2012 12:32 AM
I am very sorry for your loss. I lost my husband of over 20 years in March. Hang in there! Gina Oct 23, 2012 2:43 PM
Hi Dan, If you were at our Humorous Speech and table Topics on August 23rd we hope you had a great time. We look forward to having you back at one of our upcoming meetings. Regards. Lewis Lewis E Roth Founder and President West Side Talkers "Going the Extra Mile" Sep 03, 2012 11:42 AM
Hi Dan, I wanted to personally invite you to check out my new meetup group, "North Jersey Vegan & Raw Foodies" http://www.meetup.com/northjerseyvega.... Mar 07, 2012 6:34 PM
Welcome Dan.We have class 3/1, but we have no class: 3/5, 3/8, 3/12... vacation. See yo when we get back! Mar 01, 2012 10:44 AM
4,344 Hiking Enthusiasts
11,183 Event seekers

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Patent US8007760 - Process for producing enhanced alumina - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention provides an essentially dry method for preparation of enhanced alumina powders. The first step involves rapid calcination of an aluminum compound to produce alumina powder. The alumina powder is mixed with solid ammonium carbonate and a small amount of water. This mixture heats...http://www.google.com/patents/US8007760?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8007760 - Process for producing enhanced aluminaAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8007760 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/332,421Publication dateAug 30, 2011Priority dateDec 11, 2008Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2744576A1, CA2744576C, CN102245508A, CN102245508B, EP2358636A1, EP2358636A4, US20100150820, WO2010068321A1Publication number12332421, 332421, US 8007760 B2, US 8007760B2, US-B2-8007760, US8007760 B2, US8007760B2InventorsVladislav I. KanazirevOriginal AssigneeUop LlcExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (25), Non-Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (2), Classifications (13), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetProcess for producing enhanced alumina
US 8007760 B2Abstract
The present invention provides an essentially dry method for preparation of enhanced alumina powders. The first step involves rapid calcination of an aluminum compound to produce alumina powder. The alumina powder is mixed with solid ammonium carbonate and a small amount of water. This mixture heats itself although some external heat is helpful to produce ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate (dawsonite-type) NH4AlCO3(OH)2 upon curing which is then decomposed to produce enhanced alumina having a specific desired morphology and nano-sized dimensions.
1. A process for producing alumina comprising:
a) providing a quantity of alumina powder;
b) mixing said alumina powder with a solid ammonium carbonate and from 5 to 30 weight percent water to form a mixture;
c) allowing said mixture to cure at a temperature from about 45� to 85� C. to produce ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate; and
d) then decomposing said ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate at a temperature from about 130� to 320� C. to produce an enhanced alumina.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein after said mixture has cured an additional amount of said solid ammonium carbonate is added to said ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate and allowed to cure at 45� to 85� C.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said alumina powder is selected from the group consisting of calcined Al(OH)3, alumina produced by hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxide, precipitated alumina and hydrothermally treated alumina.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said alumina powder has a BET surface area greater than 50 m2/g.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein said mixture is allowed to cure without application of heat to said mixture.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein heat is applied to said mixture in addition to heat produced by an exothermic reaction from said mixture.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein said ammonium carbonates are ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbamate or ammonium sesqui carbonate.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said ammonium carbonate comprises about 2 to 10 mass-% ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein carbon dioxide and ammonia produced from said decomposition of said ammonium dawsonite are combined to produce a bicarbonate that comprises at least a portion of said solid ammonium carbonate.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein said enhanced alumina has a BET surface area greater than about 400 BET m2/g.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein said enhanced alumina has a BET surface area greater than about 450 BET m2/g.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein said enhanced alumina has a pore volume greater than about 0.6 cc/g.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein said enhanced alumina is additionally treated with acid solutions to remove the residual sodium contained in source alumina. Description
Alumina powders are widely used is many areas of industry and life such as for supports of catalysts, adsorbents, additives, in the ceramic industry, fillers and others.
There is a need for alumina supports with high BET surface area and pore volume combined with a suitable bulk density, stability and ability easily to accommodate additives. One can refer to such alumina supports as enhanced alumina (EA). Simple alumina powder manufacturing methods are also needed.
Dawsonite, sodium aluminum dihydroxide carbonate (NaAlOH)2CO3) and its alkali metal and ammonium analogs are useful compounds that either occur naturally or are synthesized by a variety of processes which in the prior art have taken place in aqueous medium. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,157, dawsonite was produced by combination of aluminum hydroxide and an alkali metal or ammonium hydrogencarbonate at high pressure and at temperatures between 150� and 250� C.
This invention provides an essentially dry method for preparation of enhanced alumina powders. It includes three important steps. The first step involves rapid (flash) calcination of an aluminum compound, usually a hydroxide and typically Al(OH)3 (gibbsite) as conventionally produced in the Bayer process. This step is practiced industrially for manufacturing activated alumina particulates and special powders capable of rehydration. Alumina powder produced in the first step is mixed with solid ammonium carbonate in a blender upon addition of a small amount of water. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (bicarbonate) NH4HCO3 is the preferred carbonate, but other ammonium carbonates such as (NH4)2 CO3, ammonium sesqui carbonate or carbamate can be also used. The mixture heats itself up without addition of external heat, but a moderate heating and curing can be applied to facilitate a reaction that results in the preparation of ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate (dawsonite-type) NH4AlCO3(OH)2. The third step involves the decomposition of ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate to obtain enhanced alumina (EA) with specific morphology and the features of a nano-sized material. Carbon dioxide (CO2 and ammonia (NH3) and water are gaseous decomposition products of hydroxycarbonate as well
Carbon dioxide and ammonia can be recovered and reused for the preparation of ammonium bicarbonate that is used as a raw material. The invention differs from the known methods for alumina powder production such as hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxides and different precipitation routes. It differs also from the methods that employ rehydration of flash calcined alumina (FCA) that usually are followed by autoclaving and thermal treatment. No significant liquids or emissions are involved. The carbonate additive can be used in a dry form and can be easily recovered for re-use by capturing NH3 and CO2 evolved in the decomposition stage.
FCA alumina powder produced industrially by flash calcination of gibbsite and known as A-300 product of UOP LLC is mixed in a blender with reagent grade ammonium bicarbonate powder upon addition of small amounts of water. The mixture is free flowing but it changes somewhat the flow pattern and the resistance to mixing upon water addition. The temperature also increases and exceeds 45� to 50� C. After 30 to 45 minutes, the resulting powder is transferred to a plastic container and additionally cured in an oven at 55� to 60� C. to complete the reaction. The last step of the process is the thermal decomposition of NH4-dawsonite producing enhanced alumina with high BET surface area and pore volume.
Optionally, the source alumina may undergo a treatment with acid solution followed by washing and drying. The purpose of this treatment being to reduce the residual sodium in the case when the source alumina is derived from the Bayer process of alumina production. Such alumina material normally contains 0.2 to 0.5 mass-% sodium expressed as the oxide. Low soda alumina is desired when used as catalyst support. Instead on the source alumina, the treatment with the acid solution can be performed directly on the enhanced alumina produced after decomposition of the hydroxycarbonate product.
The process of producing enhanced alumina through described hydroxycarbonate, (dawsonite-type) intermediate can be combined with the use of additives in order to enhance even further the properties of the final product. Additives in both solid and liquid form can be used. Alumina having increased thermal stability is produced if the water in the hydroxycarbonate formation step is replaced by colloidal silica solution.
This invention provides an essentially dry method for preparation of enhanced alumina powders. It includes three important steps. The first step involves rapid (flash) calcination of an aluminum compound, usually a hydroxide and typically Al(OH)3 (gibbsite) as conventionally produced in the Bayer process. This step is practiced industrially for manufacturing activated alumina particulates and special powders capable of rehydration. The simplified reaction is shown in reaction (1). The alumina produced in the first step is referred to as flash-calcined alumina (FCA).
2Al(OH)3+heat−Al2O3+3H2O (1)
Other aluminas such as these produced by hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxides, precipitation or hydrothermal treatment of alumina sources can be easily used as a raw material for producing enhanced alumina according the invention provided these aluminas have sufficient reactivity towards ammonium carbonate reagent. Generally, having at least 50 m2/g BET surface area and some rehydratability are important conditions for suitability to serve as alumina raw material.
Alumina powder produced in the first step is mixed with solid ammonium carbonate in a blender upon addition of a small amount of water. Ammonium bicarbonate carbonate NH4HCO3 is the preferred carbonate, but other ammonium carbonates such as (NH4)2CO3 and sesqui carbonate or carbamate can be also used. The mixture heats itself up without addition of external heat, but a moderate heating and curing can be applied to facilitate reaction (2) that results in the preparation of ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate (dawsonite-type) NH4AlCO3(OH)2 intermediate. Depending on the conditions of the reaction and curing steps, two different hydroxycarbonate intermediates have been identified.
Curing at longer time and higher temperatures produces the classical ammonium dawsonite as identified by X-ray diffraction patterns while lower temperatures and shorter contact times produces another, yet unknown ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate which for the purpose of this invention is named “HYCARB”. Both X-ray pattern and FTIR (fourier transform infrared) spectra show significant differences between HYCARB and the classical ammonium dawsonite.
Al2O3+2NH4HCO3+H2O=2NH4AlCO3 (OH)2 (2)
The reaction (2) can be carried in different extend depending on the needs of obtaining enhanced alumina properties. Both partial and practically full conversion of the source alumina to enhanced alumina can be achieved. Repeating step 2 upon addition of fresh portions of ammonium carbonate speeds up the conversion process of alumina. The use of a small amount, typically from 2 to 10 mass-%, of ammonium aluminum hydroxycarbonate powder in step 2 also facilitates the conversion of the source alumina to hydroxycarbonate
The third step involves the decomposition of ammonium dawsonite to obtain enhanced alumina (EA) with specific morphology and the features of a nano-sized material-reaction (3).
2NH4AlCO3(OH)2+heat=Al2O3(EA)+2CO2+2 NH3+3H2O (3)
The decomposition step can be carried out in a variety of devices. Preferred are devices that allow for re-use of the decomposition products. Usually, temperatures from 130� to 320� C. are sufficient to fully decompose the hydroxycarbonate intermediate while the lower range is especially preferred when step 2 of the process leads to HYCARB formation. Additional heat treatment can be carried out depending on the application needs. Treatment at temperatures of about 600� C. is performed if the final product should have gamma alumina as the mail alumina crystalline phase.
The particle morphology of the final alumina differs significantly from that of the source material. The main difference is the appearance of multitude of rod-like subparticles which arise and are entrenched in the original particle. The width of the rods is regularly less than 100 nanometers while the length is limited to few micrometers.
Carbon dioxide and ammonia can be recovered from reaction (3) and reused for the preparation of ammonium bicarbonate that is used as a raw material for reaction (2). The invention differs from the known methods for alumina powder production such as hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxides and different precipitation routes. It differs also from the methods that employ rehydration of flash calcined alumina (FCA) followed usually by combination of acid treatment, autoclaving and thermal treatment. No significant liquids or emissions are involved. The carbonate additive can be used in a dry form and can be easily recovered for re-use by capturing NH3 and CO2 evolved in the decomposition stage.
About 100 g A-300 alumina is mixed with about 150 g solid ammonium carbonate in a blender upon addition of about 24.5 g water as described above. The material was cured overnight at about 71� C. in a sealed container. The resulting powder is then calcined at 400� C. for 1 hour in a muffle oven to produce enhanced alumina with improved thermal stability.
The experiment in Example 1 is repeated but 34.5 g colloidal silica Nalco 1130 is used instead of water.
Comparison A-300 powder has been treated at the equipment described in Example 1. No bicarbonate was added but only 30.4 g deionized water. The sample was then calcined at 400� C. for 1 hour.
The conditions of Example 1 were applied but the duration of 400� C. calcination step was 16 hours.
The same condition as Example 4 but the calcination temperature was 600� C.
The same condition as Example 4 but the calcination temperature was 800� C.
The calcined samples of Examples 1 to 6 were analyzed using the common method for BET surface area and pore volume determination by low temperature nitrogen adsorption. In addition, selected samples were analyzed for thermal stability using a DTA (differential thermal analyzer), air flow and a temperature programming rate of 5� C./min. The temperature of the specific exothermic effect showing the transition to alpha alumina phase was registered as a measure of thermostability. The data obtained are summarized in the Table whereas the sample according Example 3 represents a comparison sample produced without any addition of ammonium carbonate.
The data in the Table show that the invention produces alumina with much higher BET surface area, pore volume and thermal stability as compared to the source alumina.
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Mater. 2005, 17, 6797-6804.2Christie, "Reaction of Molten Sodium Carbonate with Aluminum Oxide", Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 82, No. 1, 1978, pp. 33-37.3Gesing, "Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Hydrogencarbonate Containing Aluminosilicate Sodalite and Cancrinite", Zeitschrift Kristallogr. 215 (2000) 413-418.4Hackbarth, "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Carbonate Cancrinite Na8[AlSiO4] 6CO3(H2O)3.4 . . . ", Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 30 (1999) 347-358.5 *Ma et al., "Synthesis and thermal decomposition of ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH)", Materials Chemistry and Physics 72 (2001) 374-379.6Noma, "NMR Study of Bicarbonate Ions on Mineral Surfaces . . . ", Symposia Paper presented before the Div. of Environ. Chem., Amer. Chem. Society, San Diego, CA, Apr. 1-5, 2001.7Pitsch, "Synthesis and Characterization of Fe2O3 Containing Aluminas by Thermal Decomposition of Modified Ammonium Dawsonite", J. Mater. Chem., 2001, 11, 2498-2503.8Potdar, "Synthesis of Nano-Sized Porous Gamma-Alumina Powder Via a Precipitation/Digestion Route", Applied Catalysis A: General 321 (2007) 109-116.9Stoica, "Reconstruction of Dawsonite by Alumina Carbonation in (NH4)2 CO3: Requisites and Mechanism", Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 3973-3982.10Stoica, "Reforming Dawsonite by Memory Effect of AACH-Derived Aluminas", Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 4783-4790.11U.S. Appl. No. 12/332,443, filed Dec. 11, 2008, Kanazirev.12Yalfani, "In Situ Studies During Thermal Activation of Dawsonite-Type Compounds to Oxide Catalysts", J. Mater. Chem., 2007, 17, 1222-1229.13 *Ye et al., "Preparation of Ultrafine alpha-AI2O3 Powder by Thermal Decomposition of AACH at Low Temperature", The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, vol. 2, No. 4, Aug. 2002.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8759241 *Feb 25, 2011Jun 24, 2014General Electric CompanyMethod for making a catalyst compositionUS20120220447 *Aug 30, 2012General Electric CompanyMethod for making a catalyst composition* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification423/625, 423/420, 423/600International ClassificationC01F7/00, C01F7/02, C01C1/26Cooperative ClassificationC01F7/30, C01P2006/37, C01P2006/14, C01F7/021, C01P2006/12, C01F7/004European ClassificationC01F7/02BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 12, 2009ASAssignmentOwner name: UOP LLC,ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KANAZIREV, VLADISLAV I;REEL/FRAME:022251/0055Effective date: 20090209Owner name: UOP LLC, ILLINOISFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KANAZIREV, VLADISLAV I;REEL/FRAME:022251/0055Effective date: 20090209Dec 31, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Gunsan to St. Louis Flights: Cheap Flights from KUV to STL | Expedia
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Opinion | Bob Herbert: Glenn Beck in Washington - The New York Times
Opinion|America Is Better Than This
America is better than Glenn Beck. For all of his celebrity, Mr. Beck is an ignorant, divisive, pathetic figure. On the anniversary of the great 1963 March on Washington he will stand in the shadows of giants  Abraham Lincoln and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Who do you think is more representative of this nation?
Washington was on edge on the morning of Aug. 28, 1963. The day was sunny and very warm and Negroes, as we were called in those days, were coming into town by the tens of thousands. The sale of liquor was banned. Troops stood by to restore order if matters got out of control. President John F. Kennedy waited anxiously in the White House to see how the day would unfold.
He is an integral part of the vicious effort by the Tea Party and other elements of the right wing to portray Mr. Obama as somehow alien, a strange figure who is separate and apart from  outside of  ordinary American life. As the watchdog group Media Matters for America has noted, Beck said of the president, “He chose to use the name, Barack, for a reason, to identify not with America  you don’t take the name Barack to identify with America. You take the name Barack to identify, with what? Your heritage? The heritage, maybe, of your father in Kenya, who is a radical?”
Facts and reality mean nothing to Beck. And there is no road too low for him to slither upon. The Southern Poverty Law Center tells us that in a twist on the civil rights movement, Beck said on the air that he “wouldn’t be surprised if in our lifetime dogs and fire hoses are released or opened on us. I wouldn’t be surprised if a few of us get a billy club to the head. I wouldn’t be surprised if some of us go to jail  just like Martin Luther King did  on trumped-up charges. Tough times are coming.”
Palin’s advice to Schlessinger: “Don’t retreat  reload.”

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