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The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct: Amazon.co.uk: Thomas S. Szasz: Books
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Publication Date: 1 Mar 2010 50th Anniversary Edition With a New Preface and Two Bonus EssaysThe most influential critique of psychiatry ever written, Thomas Szasz's classic book revolutionized thinking about the nature of the psychiatric profession and the moral implications of its practices. By diagnosing unwanted behavior as mental illness, psychiatrists, Szasz argues, absolve individuals of responsibility for their actions and instead blame their alleged illness. He also critiques Freudian psychology as a pseudoscience and warns against the dangerous overreach of psychiatry into all aspects of modern life.
50th Anniversary Edition With a New Preface and Two Bonus EssaysThe most influential critique of psychiatry ever written, Thomas Szasz's classic book revolutionized thinking about the nature of the psychiatric profession and the moral implications of its practices. By diagnosing unwanted behavior as mental illness, psychiatrists, Szasz argues, absolve individuals of responsibility for their actions and instead blame their alleged illness. He also critiques Freudian psychology as a pseudoscience and warns against the dangerous overreach of psychiatry into all aspects of modern life.
This item: The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct by Thomas S. Szasz Paperback �6.89
The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness by R. Laing Paperback �7.69
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Psychiatry: The Science of Lies › Thomas Szasz
Toxic Psychiatry. Drugs and Electroconvulsive  Dorothy Rowe
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Publisher: Harper Perennial; Revised edition edition (1 Mar 2010)
ISBN-10: 0061771228
ISBN-13: 978-0061771224
Product Dimensions: 20.5 x 13.4 x 2.4 cm
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 17,726 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
#56 in Books > Science & Nature > Medicine > Diseases & Disorders > Mental Diseases & Disorders
#78 in Books > Science & Nature > Reference > Psychology & Psychiatry
#88 in Books > Health, Family & Lifestyle > Medical & Healthcare Practitioners > Other Branches of Medicine > Psychiatry
Thomas S. Szasz, M.D., is professor emeritus of psychiatry at the State University of New York in Syracuse, where he has taught since 1956. Inside This Book
Since the modern concept of hysteria was cut from the cloth of malingering, and since the physician most responsible for establishing "hysteria" as a medically legitimate illness was Charcot, I shall start with an examination of his work; and I shall then trace the development of the concept of hysteria to the present time. Read the first page
Cracked: Why Psychiatry is Doing More Harm Than Good by James Davies Paperback
Format:Paperback|Verified Purchase If you want an antidote to the drug companies and psychiatiry this is the book to read.Or any of the numerous other books by Sasz. In the words of bob Dylan - When will they ever learn
Classic psychiatry!!
By Steve92
Format:Paperback|Verified Purchase This book is seminal work, that is just as valid today as when written. As a nurse that has worked for many years with people who struggle through life with a pattern of non adaptivew coping strategies, this book increases an understandng of the futility of applying the medical model. I recomend you read it!
Szasz knows the truth !
By E. Blonde
Format:Paperback The first time I came into contact with Thomas Szasz was in the spring of 1980, my last year in high school. The book was about anti-psychiatry and the way society was responsible for many mental problems. Later when I studied medicine my grandmother bought me another Szasz book (she was also born in Hungary) because i was studying Freud and Adler. His books changed my view on the topic of mental illnesses and psychiatry. He calls Psychiatry, the science of lies in his last work, he is not telling lies, he is very close to the truth. "The subject matter of psychiatry is neither minds nor mental diseases, but lies ...." After more than 25 years at the university, I went back to real science, I felt that social science does not stand the test of real science, psychiatry is not a science, but a tool for society to eliminate unwanted subjects. If you look closely to forensic psychiatry, how it works, what it says .... you can spot the lie, you can smell deceit from a distance. Szasz is the scientific knight who pulled the veil of Maya away from psychiatry and psychology !
Format:Kindle Edition|Verified Purchase Thomas Szasz writes logically and succinctly about the fact that so called "mental illness" does not exist. In this day and age with big Pharma attempting to drug everyone on the planet and convince us we're all in need of medication it's hard to imagine that it is a big fraud. But it is. Read and learn how it all started. Then read his later books such as Psychiatry- The Science of Lies. Get enlightened and fight back- while you still can.
Heavy Charge into the Very Light Brigade
Format:Paperback|Verified Purchase Szasz is not saying there is no such thing as human distress, he agress with that. It is just the labels and diagnoses that are attached to the person who exhibits a categorised "illness." Mental illness cannot be found in the body as a disease or a genetic change, therefore he sets out to highlight how psychiatry invented the disorers.The basic belief being that psychological illnesses do not exist, as in a pathogene, or the body changing its infrastructure irrevocably. There is no bipolar, autism, schizo, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, anorexia gene. There is however a belief these genes exist and huge expenditure is placed upon finding them. All based on the perception that human beings are clockwork toys that lack certain chemicals just like a car or a robot. The views arrive from a sense of making the human being into a robot regardless of veracity. Szasz begins to talk apart the constructs within this book, piece by piece, and it makes very uncomfortable reading for any psych doctor, nurse etc.The first and fundamental error of psych science, it all rests upon belief, just the same as religion. It needs adherents and people to spread the message. Then it needs to take out dissenters. Into the silo huge industries arise based on keeping the real causes of misery a mystery - the social structures created to make sense of the world and negating the emotional world at the expense of abstracts.Szasz dons his armour, takes his sword and charges ahead into the mass ranks of the believers and they all melt into thin air, because their genetic beliefs are tissue paper. However this tissue paper is encoded in the belief systems of those who need to believe. It is this which keeps it all intact.An insightful book written to take apart the modern fallacies of psychiatric "science" which is anything but.
"The Myth of Mental Illness" is not Szasz's magnum opus.
Format:Paperback Though this book might be of paramount importance for those who desire to find an antithetical position to the "Doctors for the pathologizing of human behavior," I think it a terrible mistake to read this book with the assumption that understanding Szasz will be the result. Written early in his career, this book, like Beethoven's early symphonies, deserves not the attention it receives for the titilating title. I believe the influence of Karl Kraus caused the about face demonstrated by "The Myth of Psychotherapy" from the position outlined in "The Ethics of Psychoanalysis," both books he published later. For those that desire to find a summation of Szasz in one volume, I would recommend "Insanity."
Challenging and important
Format:Paperback Szasz has a strong and anti-establishment view of psychiatry, and uses a range of arguments from sociology, semiotics, communication analysis, ethics and game theory to support his position. At times dense and confusing - perhaps even too quick at points to make some half-baked assertions and rhetorical sleights of hand - Szasz's book overall nevertheless makes a serious and significant case that deserves thought and deliberation even if in the end you disagree.
The myths of the fanatical, neo-Kraepelinian brain scapegoaters
By The Sweet poetry of Pus
Format:Paperback Thomas Szasz, vociferous, unwavering opponent of coercive psychiatry and the many it has and continues to ruin, unleashed a lot of irrational forces amongst the psychiatric establishment when he wrote this exceptional critique of the concept of mental illness.It still remains a concept from my perspective, as many epistemological studies into how researchers came to the conclusion that mental illnesses are positive truths, genetic in aetiology, and diseases of the brain, seem to me to show.Perhaps the most contemptible thing amongst all eras of psychiatry, apart from its barbarous therapeutics, is its dogmatism and its harnessing of language to the purpose of mass deception, deceptions that may strain credulity for the independent thinker, but are unthinkingly internalised by the herd who probably find it quite pleasing to think that the false dichotomy of sane and insane exists and they are the healthy ones. As Szasz cogently propounds in this book, a pathology is something you discover, something corporeal, and not something relative to someone else's framework of perception and ideological and moral beliefs.Yet researchers and neo-Kraepelinians alike continue to persist obdurately in their folly. They assume as axiomatic their beliefs, looking at things through their own hermeneutic frameworks that predisposes the research to the desired result, yet the evidence derived from things such as the twin-studies seems to me to be preponderantly weighted towards an environmental causation rather than a genetic one for the putative illness of people like myself.Many seem to find inconceivable the role that cognitive biases play in the conclusions derived from these studies because, after all, the whole psychiatric establishment needs confirmation of its hypotheses to authenticate its existence. However, this isn't a conspiracy, no, just humans, limitless in their capacity for self-deception, being humans. They seem not to be conversant with the sophistical processes and mechanisms of their own minds. They might want to read about the Experimenter's bias.Yet there is a systematic unwillingness amongst many psychiatrists and thoose who espouse the neo-Kraepelinian beliefs to treat the indivdual as if he didn't live in a vacuum or to account for the dialectic between man and his environment, the infinite variability of experience. To them, these are only of subsidiary importance in understanding that most stultifying of labels ascribed arbitrarily by one human to another; mental illness.Szasz has argued throughout his long career that the conventional wisdom regarding the psychiatric establishment is also mythological in character, and that the view of the psychiatrist or the psychiatric nurse as merely dispatching a duty to the citizen is a hideous self-deception and rationalisation of what is, perhaps, another chapter in the metanarrative in human history of the systematic oppression of the powerless by the powerful.Society ritually scapegoats men and women and is never held to account, and in the current system of majoritarian democracy with its attendant myths of tolerance and fairness, where mass opinions and values are extolled to the high heavens and anyone who criticises courts the scurrilites of the complacent mob, the majority-minority dichotomy is as relevant as ever, and that psychiatry performs a function for the state and society predominantly, is something Szasz has perennially argued to be the case.As, to my mind, he has successfully argued throughout his career, intolerance of differences (a phrase that is something of an anathema in our disingenuous age of purported pluralism and tolerant values...what conceited tripe!) is a regular feature of human societies, and psychiatry and its coercive apparatus is baneful in influence to the individual. As a person who has had direct sensory experience of these things I can testify to the way in which it disarms the individual under the pretence of noble intentions, which in my opinion, only the most terminally naive would believe in because, once the stigma is attached to you, it becomes a weapon in the hands of others who use it as a rationalisation for detainment and coercive treatment and also in arguments in general, conveniently attributing your every action and word to your supposed disease with impunity, and often shifting blame from themselves, as I learnt much to my chagrin whilst on a ward.One of the obvious reasons why people find the concept of mental illness so seductive is because most people will tend to believe in what the common herd believes, as much as anything as to consolidate their position in society, and to not do or believe in anything that may pose a threat to their social, economic and sexual security and prospects, in my opinion, after all, there are many punitive and marginalising mechanisms in place for society's secular heretics.Their laughs and general smug, self-congratulatory dismissiveness is little no more than an expression of herd behaviour, of an ovine mentality that strikes me as little more than an encumbrance to progress. Yet the seeming overconfidence of those who who are convinced, for example, in the brain disease hypothesis, is ridiculous. Always the same apodictic mannerisms characterise their discourse, always feigned laughter, always an excess of adverbs such as 'truly' and 'definitely' and 'incontestably', and never anything to moderate such arrogance and absurd peremptoriness. Their lust for authority is 'truly' monumental. Read more ›
dont like the concept but very interesting The idea that mental health results from our own doing is valid to some extent but I don't like how this book could impact on some one who suffers with mental health
Brave and honest Being a practising physician, I agree wholeheartedly with Dr. Sasz. Really I find it difficult to see where psychiatry can go from here. Read more
Published 8 months ago by Bienfe Chiva
A very good perspective on mental illness. I first read this book over 20 years ago for a course module. Since then misplaced the book and wanted to re-read so bought it again. Read more
Mr Szasz will be sadly missed There is no such thing, he's absolutely right! All those charlatan quacks could never face up to their lies and deceptions
Published 14 months ago by Herbie
Interesting Book received in good conditions, as described and after transacton. No necessery any comunication. I recommend this book to any who wants a new perspectiv on theme
Published 16 months ago by Ant�nio Filipe
Good book poor quality The book itself doesn't need a review but sadly the quality of paper is poor and the printing has errors which make a few pages hard to read as the ink seemed as though it was... Read more
Published 16 months ago by jules
very interesting approach worth reading This book was in a very good condition, it arrived on time, generally worth buying if anyone is interested in a topic. A very good source.
Published 19 months ago by ewelina


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Minister fears housing benefit plan risks rise in homelessness | Society | The Guardian
Wednesday 20 February 2013 15.57 EST
First published on Wednesday 20 February 2013 15.57 EST
A National Housing Federation spokesman said early findings from government trials of the new system showed 8% rent arrears – a 60% increase on normal levels of about 5%.

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xCurrent Being Brought to All Indian Banks Says Ripple Engineer : Ripple
Redditor for 2 months4 days ago
beincrypto.com/xcurre...
Can't wait for the crypto youtubers to speculate on India adopting XRP as their reserve currency.
Redditor for 5 months6 points · 4 days ago
Dreams are just so enjoyable though.
The potential for XRP being widely used has massively increased. I say potential, because we are still at an early stage. But every week there's more and more evidence of Ripple getting in with A LOT of banks. xCurrent usage is a small step to xRapid usage. Once enough corridors are active, that trickle of xRapid traffic will turn into a river.
Given that this is a speculative market, it makes no sense that this doesn't impact the price of XRP. This just clarifies to me how much of the current market is still in control of small number of non-XRP holding people. Once that changes, who knows how high and how rapidly XRP could climb.
Awesome for Ripple and xCurrent! Too bad the RBI is very anti-crypto, so usage of XRP/xRapid is probably not going to happen. The foundation is laid though, so if RBI turns pro-crypto the banks will be able to flip that switch.
This is the right calculus, at least WRT xCurrent and xRapid volumes.
As for the second part, if you mean that the XRP market is responsive to (and beholden to) the crypto market writ large, you're probably right, too. As market makers take positions that satisfy demand for XRP during payment flow volumes, they, at first, will be the volume builders. Then, any guess is as good as another as to whether the institutions or retail markets are drivers.
XRP Supporter20 points · 4 days ago
Damnnnnnn that's pretty big
Redditor for 6 months3 points · 4 days ago
This market could be compared to Chinese one. Companies that will be there first will definitely make a lot of money.
50% of Indian banks. Wait what?
yeezyyeezywhatsiraq
Redditor for 9 months2 points · 3 days ago
Big supporter of xrp like any of us but I have a question that no one has been able to answer so I would like to try it again
How can xrapid usage even increase price. We’ve seen the volume of xrp grow tremendously without real price action before. How could it increase in value when it is bought and sold immediately after? Will we have to wait for institutions to actually buy off exchanges like us?
That question has been answered many times before.
means nothing for XRP holders until xCurrent is replaced with xRapid lol
For XRP to thrive as a bridge/settlement asset you need to funnel away as much as worlds payments that flows through traditional methods into Ripplenet first. Without payments there is nothing to settle.
So how do you funnel away payments from traditional rails?
Metamilian
You really think they would adopt xRapid before xCurrent? You really think adoption of xCurrent doesn't increase the chance that they adopt xRapid after?
Xrapid doesn’t replace xcurrent. Xrapid is a liquidity solution used on top of xcurrent
Yes, perhaps not today, but you must be able to see the potential!
2 ~ 3 years account age. 30 - 75 comment karma.1 point · 3 days ago
Wrong. XCurrent 4.0 has the ability to use XRP.
Not sure why you are downvoted...

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Re: RAAF Centenary of Military Aviation 2014 Airshow: Nikon FX SLR (DF, D1-D4, D600-D800) Talk Forum: Digital Photography Review
Re: RAAF Centenary of Military Aviation 2014 Airshow In reply to Jabs767,
Another awesome set of images from you. Looks like those Aussies are much better at putting on a show than here in the land of Sequester. Hopefully one of these days we can finally hook up and shoot together.
Glenn Reply Reply with quote Complain
Top threads in this forum33Is the D610 better than the D710031d750 , with tamron 28-75 f2.8 or 24-70 f2.8 vc ? help !2912 bit compressed vs. 14 bit lossless compressed NEF19Where to put your money - camera or lens18Buying tomorrow - need some advice badly14Question to D800 owners:12Black-shouldered Kite with D7100 and D75011Raw + jpg D81011I joined Club D75010Processing Nikon D600 RAW files in LR510D810 manual10Finally Went Full Frame10D4/D4s XQD card reader8Probably a dumb question but, discounts?6Black dots on sensor - D8006Telephoto lenses for D610... on a budget HELP!!!6D750 Reference Manual5Microphones for DSLR5(Raw and JPEG) vs (Raw + JPEG) D8004About To Buy! Your Advice Needed! D750, D810, D3s

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Patent US5809188 - Tunable optical filter or reflector - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA tunable optical fiber filter or reflector is composed of a single-mode optical fiber having UV-induced fiber gratings in its core region. A planar surface is formed by a mechanical polishing technique such that the planar surface is contiguous to the core region of the optical fiber. The planar surface...http://www.google.com/patents/US5809188?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5809188 - Tunable optical filter or reflectorAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5809188 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/818,955Publication dateSep 15, 1998Filing dateMar 14, 1997Priority dateMar 14, 1997Fee statusPaidPublication number08818955, 818955, US 5809188 A, US 5809188A, US-A-5809188, US5809188 A, US5809188AInventorsShiao-Min Tseng, Ssu-Pin Ma, Kuang-Yu Hsu, Yinchieh Lai, Kuochou TaiOriginal AssigneeNational Science CouncilExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (36), Classifications (14), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetTunable optical filter or reflector
US 5809188 AAbstract
A tunable optical fiber filter or reflector is composed of a single-mode optical fiber having UV-induced fiber gratings in its core region. A planar surface is formed by a mechanical polishing technique such that the planar surface is contiguous to the core region of the optical fiber. The planar surface is covered with a material having a refractive index close to the refractive index of the optical fiber. As the refractive index of the material is changed, the tuning of the reflection or transmission spectra of the optical fiber filter or reflector is attained. The tunable optical fiber filter or reflector is used in optical communication systems, sensoring systems, or as external cavities of lasers.
1. An optical fiber filter or reflector comprising a single-mode optical fiber having a cross section comprising a core region and a cladding layer surrounding said core region such that said cladding layer is in contact with said core region, said single-mode optical fiber further having a composite section in its longitudinal direction; wherein said composite section comprises Bragg gratings in said core region and a material having a refractive index close to an effective refractive index (neff0)of the fundamental mode of said single-mode optical fiber, wherein said composite section has a planar surface formed by stripping portion of said cladding layer at one side of said composite section such that said planar surface is contiguous to said core region, and said material is located on said planar surface for enabling the Bragg conditions of said composite section to be changed in accordance with the refractive index of said material.
2. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, wherein said material is a dielectric.
3. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 2, wherein said dielectric is Mg F2 or a dielectric having a refractive index smaller than the effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of the single-mode optical fiber.
4. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, wherein said material and said planar surface are provided therebetween with a metal film having a thickness ranging between 6 nm and 30 nm.
5. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 4, wherein said metal film is formed of aluminum, nickel, chromium or silver.
6. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, further comprising a substrate having an arcuate recess; wherein said single mode optical fiber is located in said arcuate recess.
7. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 6, wherein said arcuate recess has a curvature radius ranging between 800 and 1200 centimeters.
8. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, wherein the Bragg gratings in the core region of the single-mode optical fiber are UV-induced Bragg gratings.
9. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, wherein said single-mode optical fiber is an Er-doped optical fiber.
10. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, wherein said material is a crystal of KB5 O8.4H2 O or a liquid crystal.
11. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, wherein said material is a liquid.
12. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, wherein said material has a refractive index subject to change by temperature.
13. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, wherein said material has a refractive index intermediate between the refractive index of the cladding layer and the effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of said single-mode optical fiber.
14. The optical fiber filter or reflector as defined in claim 1, wherein said planar surface is separated from an interface of the core region of the fiber grating section and the cladding layer by a distance ranging between 0 and 2 μm, or about one wavelength.
15. A method of tuning Bragg conditions of an optical fiber filter or reflector, said optical fiber filter or reflector comprising a single-mode optical fiber having a cross section comprising a core region and a cladding layer surrounding said core region such that said cladding layer is in contact with said core region, said single-mode optical fiber further having a composite section in its longitudinal direction; wherein said composite section has Bragg gratings in said core region and has a planar surface formed by stripping portion of said cladding layer at one side of said composite section such that said planar surface is contiguous to said core region, said method comprising the steps of:(a) coating a first liquid on said planar surface for enabling the Bragg conditions of said composite section to be changed in accordance with the refractive index of said first liquid; (b) removing said first liquid from said planar surface; and (c) coating a second liquid having a refractive index different from the refractive index of the first liquid on said planar surface, wherein the refractive indexes of said first liquid and said second liquid are close to an effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of said single mode optical fiber. 16. The method as defined in claim 15, wherein said single-mode optical fiber is an Er-doped optical fiber.
17. The method as defined in claim 16, wherein said metal film is made of aluminum, nickel, chromium or silver.
18. The method as defined in claim 15, wherein said planar surface is separated from an interface between said core region and said cladding layer by a distance ranging between 0 and 2μm, or about one wavelength.
19. The method as defined in claim 15, wherein said material and said planar surface are provided therebetween with a metal film having a thickness ranging between 6 nm and 30 nm.
20. The method as defined in claim 15, wherein the refractive index of the first liquid and the refractive index of the second liquid are intermediate between the refractive index of the cladding layer and the effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of the single-mode optical fiber.
21. The method as defined in claim 15, wherein the Bragg gratings of the single-mode optical fiber are UV-induced Bragg gratings.
22. A method for tuning Bragg conditions of an optical fiber filter or reflector, said optical fiber filter or reflector comprising a single-mode optical fiber having a cross section comprising a core region and a cladding layer surrounding said core region such that said cladding layer is in contact with said core region, said single-mode optical fiber further having a composite section in its longitudinal direction; wherein said composite section has Bragg gratings in said core region and has a planar surface formed by stripping portion of said cladding layer at one side of said composite section such that said planar surface is contiguous to said core region, said method comprising the steps of:(a) coating the planar surface of the composite section with a material; and (b) changing the temperature of the material so as to bring about a change in the Bragg conditions of the composite section of the single mode optical fiber. 23. The method as defined in claim 22, wherein said refractive index of said material is intermediate between a refractive index of said cladding layer and the effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of said single-mode optical fiber.
24. The method as defined in claim 23, wherein said material is a liquid.
25. The method as defined in claim 22, wherein said planar surface and said material are provided therebetween with a metal film having a thickness ranging between 6 nm and 30 nm.
26. The method as defined in claim 25, wherein said metal film is made of aluminum, nickel, chromium, gold, or silver.
27. The method as defined in claim 22, wherein said material is a dielectric.
28. The method as defined in claim 22, wherein said Bragg gratings of said single-mode optical fiber are UV-induced Bragg gratings.
29. The method as defined in claim 22, wherein said single-mode optical fiber is an Er-doped optical fiber.
30. The method as defined in claim 22, wherein said refractive index of said material is subject to change by temperature.
31. The method as defined in claim 22, wherein said material is a liquid.
32. The method as defined in claim 22, wherein said planar surface is separated from an interface between said core region and said cladding layer of said fiber grating section by a distance ranging between 0 and 2 μm, or about one wavelength.
33. The method as defined in claim 22, wherein said material is a crystal of KB5 O8.4H2 O or a liquid crystal.
34. A method for preparing an optical fiber filter or reflector, said method comprising the steps of:(a) forming on a substrate an arcuate recess; (b) locating a single-mode optical fiber, which has a fiber grating section having fiber gratings formed in a core region of said optical fiber, in the arcuate recess of the substrate such that the fiber grating section of the single-mode optical fiber is located at the peak of the arcuate recess, and that a cladding layer surrounding said core region located at said fiber grating section of the single-mode optical fiber is partially exposed from said arcuate recess; (c) stripping the exposed cladding layer so as to form a planar surface at the fiber grating section such that the planar surface is contiguous to said core region of the single-mode optical fiber; and (d) covering the planar surface with a material having a refractive index close to an effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of said single-mode optical fiber. 35. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said substrate is made of silicon.
36. The method as defined in claim 35, wherein said arcuate recess is formed on said substrate by the standard microelectronic etching technique.
37. The method as defined in claim 36, wherein said arcuate recess is formed on said substrate by forming on said substrate an etching mask having one or more slits which are substantially parallel to one another and are progressively wider towards both ends thereof from a mid-segment thereof, etching portion of said substrate exposed by said etching mask and removing said etching mask.
38. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said refractive index of said material is intermediate between refractive index of said cladding layer and the effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of said single-mode optical fiber.
39. The method as defined in claim 38, wherein said refractive index of said material is equal to the effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of said single-mode optical fiber.
40. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said material is a dielectric.
41. The method as defined in claim 40, wherein said dielectric is Mg F2.
42. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said planar surface is first covered with a metal film having a thickness less than 35 nm and is then covered with said material which is deposited on said metal film.
43. The method as defined in claim 42, wherein said metal film is made of aluminum, nickel, chromium, gold, or silver.
44. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said exposed cladding layer is stripped by a mechanical polishing technique.
45. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said material is a crystal of KB5 O8.4H2 O or a liquid crystal.
46. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said arcuate recess has a curvature radius ranging between 400 and 2000 centimeters.
47. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said planar surface is separated from an interface between said core region and said cladding layer of said fiber grating section by a distance ranging between 0 and 2 μm, or about one wavelength.
48. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said material is a liquid.
49. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein the refractive index of the material is subject to change by temperature.
50. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said fiber gratings are photo-induced Bragg gratings.
51. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein said single-mode optical fiber is an Er-doped optical fiber.
The present invention relates generally to an optical filter or reflector, and more particularly to a tunable optical fiber filter or reflector.
A wavelength reflection phenomenon is brought about when light is transmitted through an optical fiber having Bragg gratings in its core region. If the wavelength of the light is in conformity with the Bragg condition, the transmitted light is reflected in the grating region of the optical fiber. Such an optical fiber as described above is known as an intra-core fiber grating, which is in fact a wavelength filter or wavelength reflector. Fiber gratings can be widely used in the fiber-optic communication system and can be used as fiber sensors, and as reflective mirrors of laser cavities, etc. The applications of the fiber gratings can be significantly broadened if the reflection light spectrum of the fiber gratings is tunable.
The filtering condition of the grating-fibers can be. changed if the length of the Bragg period of the fiber gratings is physically changed. A change in the Bragg period of fiber gratings may be brought about by exerting a tension force on both sides of the grating-fibers, or by winding the grating-fibers around a piezo-electric ceramic modulated by a voltage source, or by altering the temperature of the fiber grating region. Another approach that can be used to attain a change of the filtering condition of the grating-fibers is to change the evanescent field of the guided mode of the grating-fibers. Such an effect is accomplished by changing the magnitude of the effective refractive index of the guided mode. In order to bring about effectively a change in the evanescent field of the guided mode, the perturbation should be as close to the fiber core as possible by making use of the chemical etching method or the polishing technique which is superior to the former method in terms of process control.
According to the present invention, an optical fiber filter or reflector comprises a single-mode optical fiber which is composed of a core region and a cladding layer in its cross section. In addition, the single-mode optical fiber is composed of one or more composite sections in its longitudinal direction.
The composite section comprises the Bragg gratings located at the core region. The composite section has a planar surface contiguous to the fiber core region of the single-mode optical fiber. The planar surface of the composite section is formed by polishing away a portion of the cladding layer located at one side of the composite section, and a material having a refractive index close to an effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of the single-mode optical fiber is applied on the former polished planar surface. As a result, the Bragg condition of the composite section can be changed in accordance with the refractive index of the material.
The present invention further comprises a method of tuning Bragg conditions of an optical fiber filter or reflector, said optical fiber filter or reflector comprising a single-mode optical fiber having a cross section comprising a core region and a cladding layer surrounding said core region such that said cladding layer is in contact with said core region, said single-mode optical fiber further having a composite section in its longitudinal direction; wherein said composite section has Bragg gratings in said core region and has a planar surface formed by stripping portion of said cladding layer at one side of said composite section such that said planar surface is contiguous to said core region, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) coating a first liquid on said planar surface for enabling the Bragg conditions of said composite section to be changed in accordance with the refractive index of said first liquid;
(b) removing said first liquid from said planar surface; and
(c) coating a second liquid having a refractive index different from the refractive index of the first liquid on said planar surface, wherein the refractive indexes of said first liquid and said second liquid are close to an effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of the single-mode optical fiber.
The present invention still further comprises a method for tuning Bragg conditions of an optical fiber filter or reflector, said optical fiber filter or reflector comprising a single-mode optical fiber having a cross section comprising a core region and a cladding layer surrounding said core region such that said cladding layer is in contact with said core region, said single-mode optical fiber further having a composite section in its longitudinal direction; wherein said composite section has Bragg gratings in said core region and has a planar surface formed by partially polishing portion of said cladding layer at one side of said composite section such that said planar surface is contiguous to said core region, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) coating the planar surface of the composite section with a material having a refractive index subject to change by temperature of the material; and
(b) changing the temperature of the material so as to bring about a change in the Bragg conditions of the composite section of the single-mode optical fiber.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a method for preparing an optical fiber filter or reflector. The method includes the following steps:
(a) forming on a surface of a substrate, such as a silicon, glass and quartz, preferably silicon, an arcuate recess which preferably has a curvature radius ranging between 400 and 2000 centimeters;
(b) locating a single-mode optical fiber, which has a fiber grating section having fiber gratings formed in a core region of said optical fiber, in the arcuate recess of the substrate such that the fiber grating section of the single-mode optical fiber is located at the peak of the arcuate recess, and that a cladding layer surrounding said core region located at said fiber grating section of the single-mode optical fiber is partially exposed from said substrate surface;
(c) stripping the exposed cladding layer so as to form a planar surface at the fiber grating section such that the planar surface is contiguous to said core region of the single-mode optical fiber; and
(d) covering the planar surface with a material having a refractive index close to an effective refractive index (neff0) of the fundamental mode of the single-mode optical fiber.
The refractive index of the material located on the planar surface is preferably subject to change by the temperature and is preferably intermediate between the refractive index of the cladding layer and the effective refractive index (neff0) of the guided fundamental mode of the single-mode optical fiber. In other words, the optimum refractive index of the material is the one that is close to the effective index neff0 of the single-mode optical fiber. The material may be a liquid, a KB5 O8.4H2 O crystal or a liquid crystal, a dielectric material such as MgF2, or other dielectric materials having a refractive index smaller than the neff0 of the single-mode optical fiber.
The Bragg gratings of the single-mode optical fiber of the present invention are preferably photo-induced.
The single-mode optical fiber of the present invention for example is an Er-doped single-mode optical fiber.
The optical fiber filter or reflector of the present invention may further comprises a metal film deposited between the planar surface and the material such that the metal film has a thickness ranging between 6 nm and 30 nm. Accordingly, surface plasmon wave can be effectively excited. The metal film is made of aluminum, nickel, chromium, gold or silver.
According to the present invention, the distance between the planar surface of the optical fiber filter or reflector of the present invention and the interface of the cladding layer and the core region of the fiber grating section is in the range of 0-2 micron or about one wavelength.
FIG. 1(a) is a longitudinal sectional view of a single-mode optical fiber of the present invention, which is secured to a V-shaped recess of a polishing substrate.
FIG. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view of the single-mode optical fiber of the present invention, which is secured to the V-shaped recess of the polishing substrate and is shown to comprise a side-polished surface contiguous to the core region of the single-mode optical fiber.
FIG. 2(a) is a longitudinal sectional view of a tunable optical fiber filter or reflector of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2(b) shows a longitudinal sectional view of a tunable optical fiber filter or reflector of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram in which the Δneff =(neff -neff0) are plotted against the refractive indexes (nex) of the material 20 located at the fiber grating section 30 of the tunable optical fiber filter or reflector shown in FIG. 2(a), in which neff stands for the effective refractive index of the fiber grating region 30 coated with the material 20; neff0, the fundamental effective refractive index of the un-polished optical fiber 10; and d, the distance between the center of the core region 12 and the polished surface 13.
FIG. 4(a) shows a top portional view of a silicon wafer having an etching mask formed by a chemical etching method according to the present invention.
FIG. 4(b) shows a longitudinal sectional view of the silicon wafer as shown in FIG. 4(a).
FIG. 4(c) shows a cross-sectional view of the silicon wafer as shown in FIG. 4(a).
FIG. 5 is a diagram in which the transmission spectra for a polished fiber grating covered by air (the dotted curve) and by an index-matching liquid having the refractive index of 1.456 at sodium D-line (the solid curve).
As shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), a UV-induced intra-core grating fiber 10 of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is formed by using an unjacketed single-mode optical fiber, has a cross section which is composed of a core region 12 and a cladding layer 11 enclosing the core region 12. The grating-fiber 10 has a longitudinal section which is composed of a fiber grating region 30. The core region 12 of the fiber grating region 30 has the Bragg gratings. The grating-fiber 10 further comprises a polished surface 13, which is formed by stripping part of the cladding layer 11 located on one side of the fiber grating region 30. The polished surface 13 is contiguous to the core region 12. The tunable optical fiber filter or reflector of the present invention further comprises a material 20 having a refractive index which is close to the refractive index of the fiber. The material 20 is formed on the polished surface 13 of the fiber grating region 30, as shown in FIG. 2(a). The magnitude of the effective refractive index of the guided mode of the optical fiber 10 in the composite, interaction region is dependent on the magnitude of the refractive index of the material coating 20 when the transmitting photo mode passes the fiber grating region 30. As a result, the Bragg condition can be varied so as to enable the optical fiber filter or reflector of the present invention to be tuned. The magnitude of the effective refractive index is evaluated by the following equation: ##EQU1##
In the above equation (1), neff stands for the effective refractive index of the fiber grating region 30 coated with the material 20; neff0, the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode of the un-polished grating-fiber 10; nex, the refractive index of the material 20; ncl, the refractive index of the cladding layer 11; a, the radius of the core region 12; u, the dimensionless transverse propagation constant of the core region 12; w, the dimensionless transverse propagation constant of the cladding layer 11; v, the V-value of the un-polished grating-fiber 10; d, the distance between the center of the core region 12 and the polished surface 13; k, the free-space wave number; and Ki, the modified Bessel function of the second kind of order i, i =0,1.
When nex is equal to ncl, Δneff of the above equation (1) is zero, which implies that the optical fiber 10 has the same effect as that of the un-polished fiber. Otherwise, the following circumstances exist. ##EQU2##
As far as the value of Δneff of the above equation (1) listed in FIG. 3, nex =1.454, ncl =1.450, a=4.5 μm, wavelength =1.52μm. When nex >neff0, only the real part of neff is shown in the calculated Δneff. As shown in FIG. 3, when nex is equal to neff0, Δneff has a maximum value. The value of Δneff becomes greater when the distance, d, between the center of the core region 12 and the polished surface 13 becomes smaller. In other words, the value of Δneff is greater under the circumstance that the polished surface 13 gets closer to the core region 12 and that the refractive index nex of the material 20 is closer to the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode neff0 of the un-side-polished grating-fiber 10 which is not side-polished.
Preferably, the polished surface 13 of the optical fiber 10 is formed by a polishing method in which an arcuate recess 41 is first formed on a silicon wafer 40 serving as a polishing substrate. The optical fiber 10 is then firmly attached in the recess 41 by adhesive. The arcuate recess 41 of the polishing substrate 40 has a depth which corresponds to the (d-a) value about one wavelength. The optical fiber 10 is secured to the arcuate recess 41 such that the protruded cladding layer 11 located on one side of the fiber grating region 30 of the grating-fiber 10 is substantially exposed from the surface of the substrate, and that the cladding layer 11 is mechanically polished until the polishing is extended to reach the proximity of the core region 12, as shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b). Finally, the tunable optical fiber filter or reflector, as shown in FIG. 2(a), of the present invention is formed by sputtering or coating a material 20 on the polished surface. The material 20 has a refractive index close to the refractive index of the grating-fiber 10.
The tunable optical fiber filter or reflector of the present invention may selectively comprise a metal film 50 deposited between the material coating 20 and the polished surface 13. The metal film 50 has a thickness ranging between 6 nm and 30 nm. The metal film 50 is made of aluminum, nickel or chromium by sputtering. The metal film 50 is first formed on the polished surface 13 before the material 20 is deposited on the metal film 50, as illustrated in FIG. 2(b).
The present invention will be more readily understood upon a thoughtful deliberation of the following detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with FIGS. 4(a), 4(b) and 4(c).
A plurality of arcuate recesses were formed in a (100)-oriented silicon wafer by the conventional lithography and the chemical etching techniques used in the microelectronics industry. As illustrated in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), an etching mask 130 of silicon dioxide (SiO2) was first formed on the surface of a silicon wafer 40. The etching mask 130 has a plurality of slits 120 which are substantially parallel to one another and are devoid of silicon dioxide stripped therefrom. The slits 120 have a mid-segment which is narrower than both ends of the slits 120. The silicon wafer 40 having the etching mask 130 was etched chemically such that V-shaped recesses 41 having a fixed angle were formed in the silicon wafer 40 which was exposed by the slits 120, as shown in FIG. 4(c). The etching mask 130 was then stripped from the silicon wafer 40. The V-shaped recesses 41 so formed have a curvature radius ranging between 800 cm and 1200 cm.
By using the phase mask approach, the UV-induced fiber gratings were formed in the core region of the 1.5 μm single-mode optical fiber of standard telecommunication grade. The grating length is one centimeter long. The single-mode fiber was then mounted in each of the V-shaped recesses 41 with optical adhesive. As both ends of the single-mode fiber were pulled in opposite directions, the single-mode fiber was adhered securely to the V-shaped recess such that the fiber grating section of the single-mode fiber was located at the peak of the V-shaped recess 41, and that the cladding layer of the upper side of the fiber grating section was exposed. The exposed cladding layer was then mechanically polished so as to form a smooth side-polished planar surface, which was separated from the core region of the single-mode fiber by a distance smaller than 2 μm or one wavelength. Tunable fiber gratings were formed on the side-polished planar surface by coating the side-polished planar surface with the Cargille liquid, which is the product of the R. P. Cargille Lab., N.J., U.S.A.
A broadband light source was then injected into the polished fiber gratings covered by the Cargille liquid. The measured results of the transmission spectra were shown in FIG. 5. The dotted curve in FIG. 5 represents the measured results of the fiber grating covered by the air, whereas the solid curve in FIG. 5 represents the measured results of the fiber grating covered by the Cargille index-matching liquid having the refractive index of 1.456 at room temperature and under the sodium D-line. As shown in FIG. 5, the change of the central reflection wavelength of the polished fiber covered by the Cargille liquid is about 2.4 Å.
The value of the refractive index nex of the liquid was changed by heating the index-matching liquid and by using different liquids. The results showed that the reflection spectra shifted towards the longer wavelengths as nex increased from one to neff0.
The inherent advantages of the present invention are expounded explicitly hereinafter.
The induction of fiber gratings by ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a process applicable to the mass production of the tunable optical fiber filter or reflector.
The present invention makes use of the silicon wafer as a polishing substrate so as to control precisely the distance between the core region and the polished surface of an optical fiber.
The polishing method of the present invention is applicable to the mass production of the tunable optical fiber filter or reflector, with the insertion loss being relatively low. The insertion loss per unit interaction length of a polished fiber of the present invention can be one order of magnitude smaller than those of polished fibers embedded in a quartz or fuse silica substrate.
The present invention allows a final small adjustment of the polishing depth, such as 0.4 μm, to be attained by the buffered HF etching.
The polished fiber of the present invention has a greater effective interaction length (7 mm or more), thereby enabling the tuning range of wavelength to be increased.
The side-polished fiber of the present invention can be covered with the materials having various refractive indexes for achieving a selective filtration or transmission of various wavelengths.
The present invention is economically feasible and technically reliable.
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text:
Restaurants near Pepper
Things to do near Pepper
) #24 of 113 Restaurants in Galle $$ - $$$ Seafood,
All reviews seafood pizza crab fortress hotel sri lankan excellent food great service plate menus spicy
Seafood barbecue/ buffet they have on certain nights are the best! Also the pizzas are extremely good. My all time favourite is their pot biryani
The seafood dinner buffet on Saturdays is a must try. It offers a fantastic range from crab, jumbo prawns, oysters, lobster and the freshest sashimi and sushi. That's just to name a view.
Thank Avanthi A
Food is excellent and authentic. Staff are great. Circa U.K. prices. You must try the Sri Lankan curry plate, wonderful. Also try the local buffalo curd and treacle, similar to Greek yoghurt and honey.
Great food but a little over priced
Came here for dinner as we were staying just down the road. The food was really good just a little over priced. The crab cakes to start are beautiful as is the Sri Lankan fish curry.
In a nutshell... the BEST
For the real taste of this amazing adventure called Sri Lankan cuisine, i have tasted no better place Its exceptional. Be sure to order the curry crab. Sri lanka has the most tasty seafood perfectly offered on a number of plates at every sitting. I...More
Amazing food! Beautiful Place Excellent place from the entrance greeting to the service and food. Try it
Thank sunny89172
Dinner and breakfast at Pepper restaurant
This restaurant was just fantastic throughout our 6 night stay at The Fortress hotel, all staff couldn't gave done any more to ensure our stay was one to remember. Food superbly presented, taste was incredibly good and plentiful and if there was something you wanted...More
Thank saurabhnandwani
Get quick answers from Pepper staff and past visitors.
Address: The Fortress Resort and Spa | Koggala Beach, Koggala, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka
This restaurant is at The Fortress Resort & Spa

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Andre Yatabe on Scribd | Scribd
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16-27 June 2000
"Each Small Candle[note C]" 9:18
In the Flesh – Live at the Internet Movie Database
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=In_the_Flesh_–_Live&oldid=749362907"	Categories: Roger Waters video albumsAlbums produced by James Guthrie (record producer)2000 live albumsHidden categories: Webarchive template wayback linksCS1 German-language sources (de)CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)EngvarB from September 2013Use dmy dates from September 2013Articles with hAudio microformatsAll articles with unsourced statementsArticles with unsourced statements from May 2013Track listings with deprecated parametersCertification Table Entry usages for BrazilCertification Table Entry usages for GermanyCertification Table Entry usages for PolandCertification Table Entry usages for SwitzerlandCertification Table Entry usages for United States	Navigation menu
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Garcinia Cambogia Extreme 60 HCA 1000mg 180 Capsules Pure extract w chromium | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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Guter Ausgangspunkt für Ausflüge - Review of Azoris Royal Garden Hotel, Ponta Delgada, Portugal - TripAdvisor
Guter Ausgangspunkt für Ausflüge - Azoris Royal Garden Hotel
Ask Sama C about Azoris Royal Garden Hotel
1 Thank Sama C
All reviews japanese garden outdoor pool japanese theme junior suite other hotels fantastic holiday v outlet in the bathroom close to the airport nice hotel central courtyard jacuzzi and sauna public areas reasonable size breakfast buffet has bit firm hot and cold buffet overlooking the garden
572 - 578 of 579 reviews
Ask ANGELA-viajera about Azoris Royal Garden Hotel
2 Thank ANGELA-viajera
Hotel bien situado en Ponta Delgada y bien conectado para hacer turismo en la isla
Ask tricass about Azoris Royal Garden Hotel
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Wer auf Fluglärm steht ist hier richtig!
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TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Booking.com, TripOnline SA, Hotwire, Hotels.com, Travelocity, Orbitz, HotelQuickly and Evoline ltd so you can book your Azoris Royal Garden Hotel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Patent US7089590 - Systems and methods for adaptive message interrogation through multiple queues - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe present invention is directed to systems and methods for enhancing electronic communication security. An electronic communication is received and stored. A plurality of risk assessments are made with respect to the received communication thereby generating a risk profile associated with the communication....http://www.google.com/patents/US7089590?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7089590 - Systems and methods for adaptive message interrogation through multiple queuesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7089590 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/218,689Publication dateAug 8, 2006Filing dateSep 2, 2005Priority dateMar 8, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS6941467, US7519994, US20030172301, US20060021055, US20060248156Publication number11218689, 218689, US 7089590 B2, US 7089590B2, US-B2-7089590, US7089590 B2, US7089590B2InventorsPaul Judge, Guru RajanOriginal AssigneeCiphertrust, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (103), Non-Patent Citations (52), Referenced by (34), Classifications (17), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystems and methods for adaptive message interrogation through multiple queues
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the storing means further comprises a configuration data store capable of storing configuration information based upon data accumulated from received communications, and wherein the assignment means further determines a next interrogation engine based upon configuration information stored in the


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6 ways-to-use-social-media-or-busin...
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Top 10 Hotels in Haltwhistle, United Kingdom | Hotels.comEnglish (United States)Book online or call 800-246-8357This call is free. 24 hours a day; 7 days a week.HotelsHotel DealsPackages & FlightsGroupsGift CardsHelpWebsite feedbackSign in & AccountSign inCreate an accountYour bookingsReview a hotelHotels.com® RewardsYour bookingsHotelsHotels in United KingdomHaltwhistle HotelsHotels in Haltwhistle, United KingdomSearch & Compare Haltwhistle HotelsCity, landmark, hotel name, address or zip codeCheck inCheck out I don’t know my datesRooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617Show dealsGet Secret Prices on select hotelsThese prices aren’t available to everyone.Unlock nowDeal of the dayManor House Inn from $58See all Haltwhistle dealsTrending now in HaltwhistleHotels in HaltwhistleMost bookedManor House InnGood 3.4 / 5( 5 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 15 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"We stayed for 2 nights. The room was spotless but very basic. Having no cook was a great disappointment. Apart from warm toast everything was cold. Although pleasant the bar was sparsely stocked. Have stayed before a couple of years ago. But would probably opt for another place in the vill..."A Traveller, Nov 2016, GBKellah Farm B&BOutstanding 4.8 / 5( 43 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 11 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"This was a wonderful experience staying on a working sheep farm in the country for two nights. Lovely local history and family run B&B, they made us feel welcome and at home. The only draw back was location, up in the hills by one lane roads but worth it for the peace and quiet and excellent ..."A Traveller, Oct 2016, USWydon Farm B&BOutstanding 5.0 / 5( 24 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 10 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"We had a wonderful time at the Wyden Farm B&B. The B&B is in a really quiet area in the countryside but only a short drive outside of Haltwhistle. The rooms were spacious and comfortable. The owners were very accommodating; I had notified them that I had two coeliacs travelling in our party and t..."A Traveller, Apr 2016, GBCentre of Britain Hotel & RestaurantOutstanding 4.7 / 5( 6 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 9 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Lovely comfortable room with all you need tea /coffee tray free wifi in the town centre . Breakfast had a huge amount to choose from very tasty . Close to cafes bars shops ."A Traveller, Nov 2016, GBAld White Craig FarmExcellent 4.1 / 5( 57 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 7 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Easy and friendly check in, very large accomodation with good kitchen facilities, large seating and dining area. Well heated (sadly we needed it even in July!). The dog was made most welcome!"A Traveller, Aug 2016, GBHillis Close FarmOutstanding 5.0 / 5( 4 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 7 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Lovely welcome, a peaceful place, we really enjoyed staying here and have recommended it to family."A Traveller, Aug 2016, USBridge HouseOutstanding 4.9 / 5( 15 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 5 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Wonderful stay, the owner has thought of every detail and went to great lengths to accomodate my wife's vegan requirements.
Also there is a great pub that does good food within walking distance and Hadrian's Wall is close. The room was spacious,clean and very comfortable I highly recommend a s..."A Traveller, Sep 2016, GBThe Grey Bull B & BOutstanding 5.0 / 5( 3 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 4 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Excell;ent B&B. Welcoming host,good breakfast,comfortable room. Secure bike storage.
Good for several nights accommodation if needed as there is a lounge area and you can bring back takaways to eat in the lounge."A Traveller, Aug 2016, GBHotels within 5 miles of HaltwhistleThe Greenhead HotelGood 3.6 / 5( 8 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 9 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"We arrived late and the acting manager helpfully stayed awake to show us in. The room itself was clean and modern and the bath great. Some aspects are a bit tricky, like finding the location and getting up the stairs with bags, but overall a great experience."E, Oct 2016, AUThe Samson InnExcellent 4.5 / 5( 6 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 7 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Spacious, clean rooms with a yummy food served in the pub/inn. Quiet location and would definitely stay again. Great location for following Hadrian's Wall. "A Traveller, Nov 2016, GBSee more hotels in Haltwhistle, United KingdomRecently bookedTwice Brewed Inn3 starsfrom $69Pay now or later on most roomsFree cancellation on most roomsPrice GuaranteeMap of Haltwhistle hotelsLandmarksGreat Chesters FortHotel typesThree Star hotels (5 hotels)Best hotels in HaltwhistleWith hotels.com we help you find the best hotels in Haltwhistle, United Kingdom.

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text:
A cover system endoscope apparatus in which an insert part cover sheath for isolating the insert part of a cover endoscope is airtightly connected to a distal end constructive part of a tip part of an insert part cover. The insert part cover sheath is composed of a soft resin such as polyurethane exhibiting...http://www.google.com/patents/US5733243?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5733243 - Endoscope apparatus of an endoscope cover system for preventing buckling of an endoscope cover
WO2008144401A1 * May 15, 2008 Nov 27, 2008 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Articulating torqueable hollow device
WO2016041300A1 * Sep 18, 2015 Mar 24, 2016 珠海普生医疗科技有限公司 Endoscope tip structure


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3. Historic American Buildings Survey, M.B. Paine, Photographer April, 1934 ENTRANCE DETAIL, WEST ELEVATION. - Bennett's Rice Mill, Between East Bay, Hasell, Concord & Laurens Streets, Charleston, Charleston County, SC skip navigation
link: "//www.loc.gov/pictures/item/sc0061.photos.148943p/",
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3. Historic American Buildings Survey, M.B. Paine, Photographer April, 1934 ENTRANCE DETAIL, WEST ELEVATION. - Bennett's Rice Mill, Between East Bay, Hasell, Concord & Laurens Streets, Charleston, Charleston County, SC
Title: 3. Historic American Buildings Survey, M.B. Paine, Photographer April, 1934 ENTRANCE DETAIL, WEST ELEVATION. - Bennett's Rice Mill, Between East Bay, Hasell, Concord & Laurens Streets, Charleston, Charleston County, SC
Reproduction Number: HABS SC,10-CHAR,65-[1992(HABS):SC-1]-3
Call Number: HABS SC,10-CHAR,65-[1992(HABS):SC-1]-3
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/sc0061.photos.148943p/
Make note of the Call Number listed above. Look at the Medium field above. If it lists more than one item: The entire group can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies. All the items in a particular medium (e.g., all drawings, all photographs) can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies. Call Number: HABS SC,10-CHAR,65-[1992(HABS):SC-1]-3

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text: Top 10 Hotels in Thorold, Ontario | Hotels.comEnglish (United States)Book online or call 800-246-8357This call is free. 24 hours a day; 7 days a week.HotelsHotel DealsPackages & FlightsGroupsGift CardsHelpWebsite feedbackSign in & AccountSign inCreate an accountYour bookingsReview a hotelHotels.com® RewardsYour bookingsHotelsHotels in CanadaHotels in OntarioThorold HotelsHotels in Thorold, OntarioSearch & Compare Thorold HotelsCity, landmark, hotel name, address or zip codeCheck inCheck out I don’t know my datesRooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617Show dealsGet Secret Prices on select hotelsThese prices aren’t available to everyone.Unlock nowTrending now in ThoroldHotels in ThoroldMost bookedThe Inn at Lock SevenGood 3.5 / 5( 46 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 25 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Have been to this property many times. Always meets or exceeds expectations. Don't know of anywhere else with a view like the Inn At Lock 7. Looking forward to my next visit."C, Aug 2016, USRobinsong Bed and BreakfastOutstanding 4.8 / 5( 38 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 12 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Cleanliness of room and bathroom. Good overall service and breakfast."A Traveller, Oct 2016, CAHotels within 5 miles of ThoroldAmericana Waterpark Resort and SpaGood 3.7 / 5( 553 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 132 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Paid over $250 for a room and still get dinged extra for parking. Not cool at all. Seems kind of greedy to me."A Traveller, Oct 2016, CAVillager LodgeGood 3.6 / 5( 294 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 45 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Excellent room , excellent price, excellent customer service and staff. Room was super clean. I will be staying at this hotel now only for my trips to Niagara."A Traveller, Oct 2016, CATropicana InnFair 2.0 / 5( 166 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 44 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Nice place with the pool and cable. There was no neighbors noise even those the place was full. The bus stop is right next to it and the bus takes you to the Falls, Marine Land and downtown. Will come back again. "A Traveller, Aug 2016, CAHoward Johnson Express Inn - Niagara FallsFair 2.5 / 5( 507 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 44 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Good experience. The light in our room ceiling didnt work but other than that it was fairly good. Good breakfast. Overall a good deal."A Traveller, Sep 2016, USFour Points by Sheraton St. Catharines Niagara SuitesExcellent 4.4 / 5( 427 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 31 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"The hotel location is a little peripheral to the city, but excellent otherwise."A Traveller, Oct 2016, CAMilan Garden InnGood 3.2 / 5( 162 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 22 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"When you just need somewhere to stay for a reasonable rate this is a good place. it's a 15 minute drive from the falls. nice and close to Lundy's Lane. The room was clean. No bed bugs, that was the first thing I checked for as I entered my room. The bathroom was clean. The sheets were clean and s..."b, Oct 2016, CAArkona Motor InnPoor 1.9 / 5( 119 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 15 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"Excellent price, Good bed and clean sheets, Old Motel and Old Furniture. Good for a short stay because of low price"A Traveller, Jun 2016, CAWelland Inn and Conference CentreFair 2.6 / 5( 67 genuine reviews )Hotels.com® RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free! 10 people looked at this hotel in the last hourMost recent review"The Welland Inn and Conference Center was very nice. Front desk clerks were very helpful on check in and checkout. They accommodated our group with early check in. Very comfortable bed & pillows. Bathroom had a large vanity . Shower water pressure and shower head was great! Spacious room king siz..."A Traveller, Aug 2015, CASee more hotels in Thorold, OntarioRecently bookedFour Points by Sheraton St. Catharines Niagara Suites3 starsfrom $76Days Inn St. Catharines Niagara2 starsfrom $63Comfort Inn St. Catharines3 starsfrom $71Hilton Garden Inn Niagara-on-the-Lake3 starsfrom $78Best Western St. Catharines Hotel & Conference Centre3 starsfrom $76Pay now or later on most roomsFree cancellation on most roomsPrice GuaranteeMap of Thorold hotelsBest hotels in ThoroldWith hotels.com we help you find the best hotels in Thorold, Ontario.


text: Loading...RALEIGH, NC - NOVEMBER 20: Phil Kessel #81 of the Toronto Maple Leafs is congratulated by teammates on his third period goal during a NHL game against the Carolina Hurricanes on November 20, 2011 at RBC Center in Raleigh, North Carolina. (Photo by Gregg Forwerck/NHLI via Getty Images)Back to galleryPhoto 18 of 18Previous | Next

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