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Patent US6487042 - Thin-film magnetic head and magnetic storage apparatus using the same - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsTo prevent the high-frequency characteristic from deteriorating due to a narrow track. A thin-film magnetic head of the present invention is produced by forming a lower shielding layer, a read gap layer holding an MR magnetosensitive element facing to an ABS plane, a shared pole layer serving as an upper...http://www.google.com/patents/US6487042?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6487042 - Thin-film magnetic head and magnetic storage apparatus using the sameAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6487042 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/006,445Publication dateNov 26, 2002Filing dateNov 16, 2001Priority dateJun 19, 1998Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS20010043434, US20020044381Publication number006445, 10006445, US 6487042 B2, US 6487042B2, US-B2-6487042, US6487042 B2, US6487042B2InventorsHaruo Urai, Shinsaku Saitho, Tamaki TobaOriginal AssigneeNec CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (3), Referenced by (5), Classifications (12), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetThin-film magnetic head and magnetic storage apparatus using the same
US 6487042 B2Abstract
To prevent the high-frequency characteristic from deteriorating due to a narrow track. A thin-film magnetic head of the present invention is produced by forming a lower shielding layer, a read gap layer holding an MR magnetosensitive element facing to an ABS plane, a shared pole layer serving as an upper shielding layer and a lower pole layer, and a write gap layer laminated in order on an insulating substrate, by forming a first flattening layer, a coil pattern layer, and a second flattening layer laminated in order on the write gap layer excluding the vicinity of the ABS plane, and by forming an upper pole layer on the write gap layer and second flattening layer nearby the ABS plane. Because magnetic easy axis of the upper pole layer along the ABS plane is oriented in the thickness direction of the upper pole layer, the high-frequency characteristic in the magnetization rotation mode is obtained.
a write gap layer formed on a lower pole layer, and a first flattening layer, a coil pattern layer, and a second flattening layer laminated in order on the write gap layer excluding the vicinity of an ABS plane; and an upper pole layer formed on the write gap layer at least nearby the ABS plane, wherein the upper pole layer is configured of a front end portion facing to the ABS plane and a yoke portion connected to the front end portion through a junction, wherein magnetic easy axis at the front end portion at the ABS plane is oriented in the film thickness direction of the front end portion; and wherein a concave portion is formed in a recess in the upper of the two pole piece layers at a position separated form the ABS plane, the concave portion is filled with nonmagnetic material, the gap depth between the upper pole layer and the lower pole layer is determined by the concave portion, and the margin of the concave portion near the ABS-plane becomes narrower toward the ABS plane. 2. The thin-film magnetic head according to claim 1, wherein at least the front end portion of the upper pole layer is made of a material having a saturation flux density of 1.6 T or more.
3. The thin-film magnetic head according to claim 1, wherein the front end portion on an ABS plane has a film thickness t and a front end portion width W vertical to the direction of the film thickness t meeting the relation t>W.
4. The thin-film magnetic head according to claim 1, wherein the front end portion on an ABS plane has a film thickness t and a front end portion width W vertical to the direction of the film thickness t meeting the relation t>3W.
the thin-film magnetic head of claim 1; a magnetic storage medium; and driving means for causing a relative motion between the magnetic storage medium and the thin-film magnetic head. 6. The magnetic storage apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the magnetic storage medium has a track width of 1.2 [micron meter ] or less.
This application is a Div. of Ser. No. 09/335,001 filed Jun. 17, 1999, abandoned.
The present invention relates to an inductive-type thin-film magnetic head and a magnetic storage apparatus using the magnetic head.
The recording density of a hard disk drive has been remarkably improved. The recording density from 1990 downward tends to rise at an annual rate of approx. 60%. To improve the recording density of a hard disk drive, it is necessary to improve the recording track density by decreasing the track width of a magnetic head. Moreover, to improve the recording density, it is also important to improve the recording bit density. To improve the recording bit density, it is necessary to increase the coercive force (Hc) of a magnetic storage medium. Moreover, to write data in a high-Hc magnetic storage medium, an inductive recording head having a high recording capacity is necessary. Furthermore, to efficiently detect a signal output from a micro-scaled recording bit, an MR reproducing head is necessary. Therefore, an MR-inductive composite-type thin-film magnetic head constituted by combining an MR reproducing head with an inductive recording head is prospective for high-density recording.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a conventional thin-film magnetic head. The thin-film magnetic head will be described below by referring to FIG. 11.
The conventional thin-film magnetic head 70 is produced by forming a lower shielding layer 74, a read gap layer 80 holding an MR magnetosensitive element 78 facing to an ABS plane 76, a shared pole layer 82 serving as an upper shielding layer and a lower pole layer, and a write gap layer 84 laminated in order on an insulating substrate 72; by forming a first flattening layer 86, a coil pattern layer 88, and a second flattening layer 90 laminated in order on the write gap layer 84 excluding the vicinity of the ABS plane 76; and by forming an upper pole layer 92 on the write gap layer 84, first flattening layer 86, and second flattening layer 90 nearby the ABS plane 76.
The shared pole layer 82 serves as an upper shielding layer for improving the reproducing resolution of an MR reproducing head and a lower pole layer of an inductive recording head. The MR magnetosensitive element 78 detects a signal magnetic field outputted from a not-illustrated magnetic storage medium facing to the ABS plane 76. The thickness of the write gap layer 84 serves as the gap of the inductive recording head. The first flattening layer 86 serves as the insulating base of the coil pattern layer 88 and the second flattening layer 90 smoothens the irregularity in height of the coil pattern layer 88. A portion on the write gap layer 84 nearby the ABS plane 76 where there is no first flattening layer 86 determines the gap depth D of an inductive recording head. A recording track width is determined by the front end portion width W (not illustrated) of the upper pole layer 92. The front end portion width W represents the width of the upper pole layer 92 along the ABS plane 76 (front end) in the direction vertical to the drawing plane, which is shown in FIG. 2 or the like.
To improve the recording capacity for high-density recording, it is preferable to set the gap depth D to a small value of approx. 1 [micron meter] or less. Moreover, to correspond to high-density recording, it is preferable to realize an upper pole layer 92 having a minimum front end portion width W. Furthermore, because a recording/reproducing data transfer rate is raised as a recording density (particularly, linear recording density) rises, a high speed recording capacity is required for a magnetic head for high-density recording.
Moreover, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-285711 discloses an invention for accurately forming a very-small-width magnetic-pole front end portion of a magnetic recording/reproducing thin-film magnetic head. Specifically, the front end portion of a lower magnetic pole and that of an upper magnetic pole are simultaneously formed on a lower magnetic-pole layer, gap layer, and upper magnetic-pole layer formed on a substrate through simultaneous ion etching by using a mask corresponding to the shape of a magnetic-pole front end portion. Then, a thin-film coil and an insulating film are formed to form the rear of an upper magnetic pole.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-192222 discloses a thin-film magnetic head capable of effectuating a high-density recording/reproducing characteristic and an overwriting characteristic for data write. In this case, among gaps formed on a pole portion, a pole front end portion is formed into a narrow gap and the innermost side of the pole portion is formed into a wide gap g2.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-237407 discloses a thin-film magnetic head capable of realizing higher density recording by reducing the number of magnetic fields generated at the lateral side of a magnetic pole and controlling the write spread and moreover, controlling the eddy-current loss when raising a recording frequency. In this case, the cross section of an upper magnetic pole is formed into a trapezoid and the major side is set so as to face a lower magnetic pole (upper shielding layer). Moreover, an upper magnetic pole is formed into a two-layer structure, the first layer of a lower magnetic pole is formed of a magnetic material having a large residual flux density, magnetic permeability, and resistivity (e.g. FeN, FeNZr, or FeNNb) and the second layer of it is formed of permalloy.
The first problem is that a pattern accuracy enough to decrease a gap depth D and a front end portion width W is not obtained. The first problem will be described below in detail using FIG. 1.
To form a necessary gap depth D, the first flattening layer 86, which defines the gap depth D, must be considerably nearing the ABS plane 76. Therefore, the conventional thin-film magnetic head 70 had the following problem in order to form a resist frame pattern (not illustrated) for forming the upper pole layer 92 through the frame plating method.
The first flattening layer 86, coil pattern layer 88, and second flattening layer 90 are laminated in order and then, a resist frame pattern is formed. In this case, a large height difference is formed between the write gap layer 84 and the second flattening layer 90 at the front end portion. Therefore, the film thickness of the resist frame pattern at the front end portion becomes 10 (micron meter) or more and thereby, the accuracy for forming a thin pattern through photo lithography process is deteriorated. Moreover, front end sides of the first flattening layer 86 and second flattening layer 90 are respectively formed like a curved surface. Therefore, light for exposure in photo lithography process reflects on the curved surface and thereby, the vicinity of the ABS plane 76 of the resist frame pattern is easily overexposed.
As a result, the resist frame pattern for forming the front end portion of the upper pole layer 92 has a large film thickness and it is partially overexposed. Thereby, a narrow track pattern cannot be obtained. Thus, to obtain a preferable gap depth D, it is difficult to obtain a preferable front end portion width W.
The second problem is that the high-frequency characteristic is deteriorated to decrease the front end portion width W, that is, the track width. The second problem is described below in detail.
FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) are illustrations showing magnetic domains of magnetic thin films. FIG. 13 is a graph showing the frequency dependency of the magnetic permeability of a magnetic thin film. The second problem will be described below by referring to FIG. 11 to FIG. 13.
The frequency response of the recording/reproducing characteristic of the thin-film magnetic head 70 greatly depends on the shape of the recording-pole magnetic domain of the head 70. As shown in FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b), the magnetic permeability of a sheet-like magnetic thin film 100 greatly depends on the direction of magnetic easy axis 102 of the magnetic thin film 100 and the direction of an externally applied signal magnetic field 110. The magnetic domain structure in the magnetic thin film 100 has closure domain structure in which a magnetic domain 106 a having a magnetizing direction 104 a parallel with magnetic easy axis 102 occupies the most part and a triangular magnetic domain 106 b having a magnetizing direction 104 b vertical to magnetic easy axis 102 is adjacent to the magnetic domain 106 a so that a magnetic field does not exit to the end of a magnetic thin-film pattern. The boundary between the magnetic domains 106 a and 106 b is a magnetic domain wall 108.
As shown in FIG. 12(a), the case in which magnetic easy axis 102 is perpendicular to the signal magnetic field 110 is referred to as “magnetization rotation mode.” As shown in FIG. 12(b), the case in which magnetic easy axis 102 is parallel with the signal magnetic field 110 is referred to as “magnetic-domain-wall moving mode.” As shown in FIG. 13, the magnetization rotation mode is superior to the magnetic domain wall mode in high-frequency characteristic by approx. order of two. This is because the rotational speed of magnetization is higher than the moving speed of a magnetic domain wall by order of two to three.
The above mentioned, a conventional-thin-film magnetic head is shown in FIG. 6.29 (p. 6.34) and FIG. 6.30 (p. 6.35) of “Magnetic Recording Technology, Second Edition (issued in 1996)” edited by C. D. Mee and E. D. Daniel, issued by MacGraw Hill, Inc., wherein a magnetic domain structure has a magnetic anisotropy vertical to a signal magnetic field and the magnetizing direction vertical to the signal magnetic field at the front end portion of a recording pole.
FIGS. 14(a) and 14(b) are illustrations showing the magnetic domain structure of a conventional thin-film magnetic head, in which FIG. 14(a) is a plan view and FIG. 14(b) is a front view. FIGS. 15(a) and 15(b) are illustrations showing the magnetic domain structure of a conventional thin-film magnetic head for narrow tracks, in which FIG. 15(a) is a plan view and FIG. 15(b) is a front view. The magnetic domain structures are described below by referring to FIGS. 11, 14, and 15.
As shown in FIGS. 14(a) and 14(b), in a thin-film magnetic head 70, magnetic domain structures of a shared pole layer 82 and an upper pole layer 92 are formed so that magnetic easy axis 102 is perpendicular to a signal magnetic field 110. Thereby, a magnetization rotation mode is realized.
As shown in FIGS. 15(a) and 15(b), however, when the recording track width decreases, a magnetizing direction is set along the pattern end at the front end portion of the upper pole layer 92 even if magnetic easy axis 102 is vertical to the signal magnetic field 110 in order to prevent the number of demagnetization fields at the pattern end from increasing. With the magnetic domain structure having the front end portion of the upper pole layer 92 described above, the response of magnetization for the signal magnetic field 110 becomes the magnetic-domain-wall moving mode and thereby, the high-frequency characteristic is deteriorated.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a thin-film magnetic head capable of accurately decreasing a gap depth D and a front end portion width W without deteriorating any high-frequency characteristic due to decrease of a track width and to provide a magnetic storage apparatus using the thin-film magnetic head.
A thin-film magnetic head of the present invention is produced by forming a lower pole layer, a write gap layer, and an upper pole layer laminated in order along an ABS plane. Moreover, the upper pole layer is configured from a front end portion facing to the ABS plane and a yoke portion connected to the front end portion through a junction, magnetic easy axis of the front end portion on the ABS plane is oriented in the film thickness direction of the front end portion. Magnetic easy axis of the front end portion of the upper pole layer is vertical to a signal magnetic field because the axis is oriented in the film thickness direction of the front end portion. Therefore, the recording frequency response is dominated by the magnetization rotation mode.
The thin-film magnetic head in claim 2 is produced by forming a lower pole layer, a first flattening layer, a coil pattern layer, and a second flattening layer laminated in order on the write gap layer excluding the vicinity of an ABS plane, and by forming an upper pole layer on the write gap layer nearby the ABS plane. Moreover, the upper pole layer is configured from a front end portion facing to the ABS plane and a yoke portion connected to the front end portion through a junction, magnetic easy axis of the front end portion on the ABS plane is oriented in the film thickness direction of the front end portion, a concave portion is formed in the lower pole layer at a position separated from the ABS plane, the concave portion is filled with a nonmagnetic material, and the gap depth between the upper pole layer and the lower pole layer is determined by the concave portion.
The gap depth is determined not by the distance from the ABS plane to the front end of the first flattening layer but by the distance from the ABS plane to the margin of the concave portion. Because the concave portion is formed in a flat lower pole layer, no problem occurs in the photolithography process for forming the concave portion. Moreover, a resist frame pattern for forming the front end portion of the upper pole layer is not increased in film thickness or it is not overexposed because the first flattening layer can be sufficiently separated from the ABS plane. Therefore, it is possible to decrease the width of the front end portion of the upper pole layer. Even if decreasing the width, the frequency response for recording becomes the magnetization rotation mode because of the above reason.
The thin-film magnetic head in claim 3 is produced by forming a lower shielding layer, read gap layer holding an MR magnetosensitive element facing to an ABS plane, a shared pole layer serving as an upper shielding layer and a lower shielding layer, and write gap layer laminated in order on an insulating substrate, by forming a first flattening layer, a coil pattern layer, and a second flattening layer laminated in order on the write gap layer, and by forming an upper pole layer on the write gap layer at least nearby the ABS plane. Moreover, the upper pole layer is configured of a front end portion facing to the ABS plane and a yoke portion connected to the front end portion through a junction, magnetic easy axis of the front end portion on the ABS plane is oriented in the film thickness direction of the front end portion, a concave portion is formed on the shared pole layer at a position separated from the ABS plane, the concave portion is filled with a nonmagnetic material, and the gap depth between the upper pole layer and the lower pole layer is determined by the concave portion. That is, the thin-film magnetic head of claim 3 is an MR-inductive composite-type thin-film magnetic head constituted by combining an MR reproducing head with an inductive recording head.
Thin-film magnetic heads in claims 4 to 19 are respectively configured by restricting some of the components of the thin-film magnetic head in claim 1, 2, or 3. Magnetic storage apparatus in claims 20 to 25 are respectively configured by using the thin-film magnetic head in claim 1, 2, or 3.
The thin-film magnetic head in claim 4 uses the thin-film magnetic head in claim 3 in which the MR magnetosensitive element is the GMR type. The GMR magnetosensitive element is produced by forming of a Ta film (3 nm), an NiFe film (8 nm), a CoFe film (1 nm), a Cu film (2.5 nm), a CoFe film (3 nm), and NiMn film (30 nm) laminated in order on the lower shielding layer side. The MR magnetosensitive element has a magneto-resistance ratio of approx. 5% that is approx. two times larger than that of a conventional MR magnetosensitive component and therefore, suitable for a narrow-track high-density reproducing magnetic head.
As for the thin-film magnetic head in claim 5, the lower shielding layer of the thin-film magnetic head of claim 3 is formed through the sputtering method. The lower shielding layer, for example, is formed by forming an amorphous CoTaMo film through sputtering and heat-treating the film in an anisotropy-providing magnetic field at 350 [degrees centigrade], and then forming a shielding pattern shape through ion milling. When the lower shielding layer uses a sputtered film, the surface of the film is smoother than that of an NiFe film formed through the plating method because the crystal grain size is smaller than that of the NiFe film. Therefore, the characteristic of an MR magnetosensitive element formed on the lower shielding layer is improved.
The thin-film magnetic head in claim 6 uses the thin-film magnetic head in claim 1, 2, or 3 in which the front end portion of the upper pole layer is made of a material having a saturation flux density of at least 1.6 T or more. This type of the material includes a CoFeNi-based material having a saturation flux density of 1.8 T or more. Therefore, it is possible to compensate decrease in recording magnetic field strength generated due to decrease of a recording track width and realize a magnetic head suitable for narrow-track recording.
As for the thin-film magnetic head in claim 1, 2, or 3, the film thickness of the front end portion on the ABS plane is assumed as t and the front end portion width vertical to the film thickness t is assumed as W. An inequality of t>W is effectuated for the thin-film magnetic head of claim 7 and an inequality of t>3 W is effectuated for the thin-film magnetic head of claim 8. When the inequality of t>W is effectuated, the shape anisotropy due to the difference between demagnetization fields is formed in the film thickness direction. To form magnetic easy axis due to the shape anisotropy in the film thickness direction, it is preferable that the inequality of t>3 W is effectuated when considering an intrinsic magnetic anisotropy and a strain induction anisotropy due to a stress of a pole height lapping or the like.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention, taken along the line I—I of FIG. 2;
FIG. 2 is a partially-omitted perspective view showing the thin-film magnetic head of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3(a) to FIG. 3(c) are sectional views showing a method for fabricating the thin-film magnetic head of FIG. 1, in which processes advance from FIG. 3 (a) to FIG. 3(b), and FIG. 3(c) in order;
FIG. 4(d) to FIG. 4(f) are sectional views showing a method for fabricating the thin-film magnetic head of FIG. 1, in which processes advance from FIG. 4(d) to FIG. 4(e), and FIG. 4(f) in order;
FIG. 5(g) to FIG. 5(i) are sectional views showing a method for fabricating the thin-film magnetic head of FIG. 1, in which processes advance from FIG. 5(g), FIG. 5(h), to FIG. 5(i) in order;
FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c) are illustrations showing the magnetic domain structure of the thin-film magnetic head of FIG. 1, in which FIG. 6(a) is a top view, FIG. 6(b) is a front view, and FIG. 6(c) is a side view;
FIG. 7 is a partially-omitted top view of a second embodiment (concave-portion corner shape) of a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a partially-omitted plan view showing a third embodiment (circular concave portion) of a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention;
FIG. 9(a) to FIG. 9(c) show a fourth embodiment (junction overlap) of a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention, in which FIG. 9(a) is a partially-omitted front view, FIG. 9(b) is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line X—X of FIG. 9(a), and FIG. 9(c) is a partially-omitted top view;
FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of a magnetic storage apparatus using a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a conventional thin-film magnetic head;
FIG. 12(a) and FIG. 12(b) are illustrations showing the magnetic domain structure of a magnetic thin film, in which FIG. 12(a) is a magnetization rotation mode and FIG. 12(b) is a magnetic-domain-wall moving mode;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the frequency dependency of the magnetic permeability of a magnetic thin film;
FIG. 14(a) and FIG. 14(b) are illustrations showing the magnetic domain structure of a conventional thin-film magnetic head, in which FIG. 14(a) is a plan view and FIG. 14(b) is a front view; and
FIG. 15(a) and FIG. 15(b) are illustrations showing the magnetic domain structure of a conventional thin-film magnetic head using a narrow track, in which FIG. 15(a) is a plan view and FIG. 15(b) is a front view.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below by referring to the accompanying drawings. However, the same portion in all drawings is provided with the same symbol and thereby, the duplicate description is omitted.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment (basic configuration) of a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along the line I—I of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is a partially-omitted perspective view. The first embodiment will be described below by referring to FIGS. 1 and 2.
The thin-film magnetic head 10 of this embodiment is produced by forming a lower shielding layer 74, a read gap layer 80 holding an MR magnetosensitive element 78 at an ABS plane 76, a shared pole layer 12 serving as an upper shielding layer and a lower pole layer, and a write gap layer 84 laminated in order on an insulating substrate 72, by forming a first flattening layer 86, a coil pattern layer 88, and a second flattening layer 90 laminated in order on the write gap layer 84 excluding the vicinity of the ABS plane 76, and by forming an upper pole layer 14 on the write gap layer 84 nearby the ABS plane 76 and the second flattening layer 90. Moreover, a concave portion 16 is formed in the shared pole layer 12 at a position separated from the ABS plane 76, the concave portion 16 is filled with a nonmagnetic material 18, and the depth D of the gap between the upper pole layer 14 and the shared pole layer 12 is determined by the concave portion 16. FIG. 1 shows the gap depth D and FIG. 2 shows a front end portion width W.
An MR reproducing head is configured of the MR magneto sensitive element 78, lower shielding layer 74, read gap layer 80, and shared pole layer 12 serving as an upper shielding layer. An inductive recording head is configured of the shared pole layer 12 serving as a lower pole layer, write gap layer 84, first flattening layer 86, coil pattern layer 88, second flattening layer 90, and upper pole layer 14. The shared pole layer 12 is configured of a lower pole layer 121 and an upper shared pole layer 122 and the concave portion 16 is formed through a part of the shared pole layer 122. The upper pole layer 14 is configured of a front end portion 141 facing to the ABS plane 76 and a yoke portion 142 connected to the front end portion 141. The front end portion 141 and the yoke portion 142 are connected each other by a junction 143. The nonmagnetic material 18 made of resist is flatly embedded in the concave portion 16. The surface of the shared pole layer 122 is flush with that of the nonmagnetic material 18. The front end portion 141 and the shared pole layer 12 are respectively made of a high-Bs material having a saturation flux density (Bs) of 1.4 to 2.1 T.
The gap depth D is determined not by the distance from the ABS plane 76 up to the front end of the first flattening layer 86 but by the distance from the ABS plane 76 up to the margin of the concave portion 16. The concave portion 16 is formed in the shared pole layer 12 serving as a flat lower pole layer. Therefore, no problem occurs in the photolithography technique for forming the front end portion 141. Moreover, a resist frame pattern (not illustrated) for forming the front end portion 141 is not increased in film thickness or it is not overexposed and therefore, a high-accuracy narrow track pattern is obtained because the first flattening layer 86 and the second flattening layer 90 can be greatly separated from the ABS plane 76.
Magnetic easy axis 12A of the shared pole layer 12 is substantially vertical to a signal magnetic field 110. Magnetic easy axis 141A of the front end portion 141 is substantially parallel with the film thickness direction (that is, vertical to the magnetic film plane). Magnetic easy axis 142A of the yoke portion 142 is vertical to the signal magnetic field 110 in the magnetic film plane. The film thickness t and the front end portion width W of the front end portion 141 have a relation of t>W.
FIGS. 3 to 5 are sectional views showing an example of a method for fabricating the thin-film magnetic head of FIG. 1. These sectional views show a thin-film magnetic head cut along the center of the recording track width similarly to the case of FIG. 1. The method for fabricating the thin-film magnetic head of FIG. 1 is described below by referring to FIGS. 3 to 5.
Process (a) . . . FIG. 3(a) First, an NiFe substrate film (not illustrated) is formed on an insulating substrate 72 configured from an Al2O3 insulating layer on an Al2O3—TiC ceramic substrate serving as a slider material through the plating method. Then, a certain resist pattern is formed in the exposing and developing process to form a lower shielding layer 74 configured of an NiFe plated film having a thickness of 2 μm through the plating method. Under the film formation through plating, an anisotropy-providing magnetic field 20 is previously applied at an intensity of approx. 100 Oe so that magnetic easy axis of the lower shielding layer 74 becomes vertical to a signal magnetic field in the film plane. Then, a resist frame is removed by an organic solvent and an NiFe substrate film is removed through the dry etching method. Processes for forming and removing a plated substrate film and removing resist are the same as the above in any processes and therefore, the description of the processes is omitted. Then, the lower portion of a read gap layer 80 configured of an Al2O3 film having a thickness of 100 nm is formed through the sputtering method to form an MR magnetosensitive element 78 for detecting a signal magnetic field from a magnetic storage medium. The MR magnetosensitive element 78 is a soft-adjacent-layer MR component having a three-layer structure configured of a CoZrMo layer (20 nm), a Ta layer (15 nm) , and an NiFe layer (20 nm). Moreover, the upper portion of the read gap layer 80 constituted of an Al2O3 film having a thickness of 80 nm is formed through the sputtering method.
Process (b) . . . FIG. 3(b)
The resist frame pattern of a lower shared pole layer 121 is formed in the exposing and developing process to from a shared pole layer 121 configured of an NiFe plated film having a thickness of 1 [micron meter] through the frame plating method. Even during the formation of the film through plating, the anisotropy-providing magnetic field 20 used for the process (a) is applied.
Process (c) . . . FIG. 3(c)
To flatly form a rectangular concave portion 16 for determining a gap depth D, a rectangular resist pattern is formed in the exposing and developing process to form an upper shared pole layer 122 configured of an NiFe plated film having a thickness of 1.5 [micron meter] through the plating method. Even during the formation of the film through plating, the anisotropy-providing magnetic field 20 used for the process (a) is applied. After plating is completed, the concave portion 16 is formed by removing the rectangular resist pattern.
Process (d) . . . FIG. 4(d) To embed a nonmagnetic material 18 made of resist in the concave-portion 16, a resist pattern having a film thickness 1.5 times larger than that of the shared pole layer 122 is formed in the exposing and developing process. Then, resist is softened through heat treatment at 100 to 120 [degrees centigrade] for 30 mins. by using an oven or hot plate to fill the inside of the concave portion 16 with resist. Then, the resist is thermally hardened at 250 to 270 [degrees centigrade] for 30 mins. At this point of time, the upper portion of the shared pole layer 122 and that of the resist become almost flat.
Process (e) . . . FIG. 4(e)
A write gap layer 84 is formed by forming an Al2O3 film having a thickness of 350 nm through the sputtering method.
Process (f) . . . FIG. 4(f)
To realize an upper pole layer 14 having a thickness of 4 [micron meter] and a track width (front end portion width W) of 1.2 [micron meter], a front end portion 141 configured of an NiFe plated film is formed through the frame plating method. During the formation of the film through plating, an anisotropy-providing magnetic field 22 vertical to the film plane is applied at an intensity of approx. 500 Oe to form magnetic easy axis of the front end 141 so as to be vertical to the film plane.
Process (g) . . . FIG. 5(g)
The resist pattern of a first flattening layer 86 having a thickness almost equal to that of the front end portion 141 is formed in the exposing and developing process. Then, resist is softened at 100 to 120 [degrees centigrade] for 30 mins. by using an oven or hot plate and moreover, it is thermally hardened at 250 to 270 [degrees centigrade] for 30 mins. to form the first flattening layer 86.
Process (h) . . . FIG. 5(h)
A certain shaped resist pattern is formed in the exposing and developing process in order to form a coil pattern 88 configured of a Cu plated film having a thickness of 3 [micron meter] through the plating method.
Process (i) . . . FIG. 5(i)
A resist pattern is formed into a certain shape in the exposing and developing process to form a second flattening layer 90. Then, resist is softened through heat treatment at 100 to 120 [degrees centigrade] for 30 mins. by using an oven or hot plate and moreover, it is thermally hardened at 250 to 270 [degrees centigrade] for 60 mins.
Process (j) . . . FIG. 1
A resist frame pattern for forming a yoke portion 142 is formed in the exposing and developing process so that the yoke portion 142 overlaps with a junction 143 at the back of the front end portion 141. Then, a yoke portion 142 configured of an NiFe film having a thickness of 3 [micron meter] equal to that of the front end portion 141 is formed through the frame plating method. During the formation of the film through plating, the anisotropy-providing magnetic field 20 used for the process (a) is applied.
FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c) are illustrations showing the magnetic domain structure of the thin-film magnetic head 10, in which FIG. 6(a) is a plan view, FIG. 6(b) is a front view, and FIG. 6(c) is a side view. Operations of the thin-film magnetic head 10 will be described below by referring to FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c).
FIG. 6(c) shows magnetic easy axis 14 1A of the front end portion 141 and a signal magnetic field 110. As shown in FIG. 6(a), the yoke portion 142 shows a magnetic domain structure equal to that of a conventional thin-film magnetic head. The front end portion 141 has a magnetic domain structure in a magnetizing direction 141B vertical to the film plane because the magnetic-anisotropy direction of the front end portion 141 is vertical to the film plane. When the signal magnetic field 110 is applied to the upper pole layer 14 having the above magnetic domain structure, the change of magnetization becomes the magnetization rotation mode shown in FIG. 12(a) because the magnetizing direction 141B of the front end portion 141 is vertical to the signal magnetic field 110.
An externally applied magnetic field has been used in explaining a signal magnetic field. However, when data is recorded by the actual thin-film magnetic head 10, a magnetic field (a induced magnetic field induced) to be applied to the upper pole layer 14 is generated by the current flowing through the coil pattern layer 88. It is needless to say that the magnetization response of the front end portion 141 to the excitation magnetic field is equal to the magnetization response due to an external signal magnetic field.
FIG. 7 is a partially-omitted top view of the second embodiment (concave-portion corner shape) of a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention. The second embodiment will be described below by referring to FIG. 7.
In the process shown in FIG. 3 (c) , the horizontal cross section of the concave portion 16 formed on the shared pole layer 122 is rectangular. However, the margin of the concave portion 161 of this embodiment at the ABS plane-76 side becomes narrower toward the ABS plane 76 as shown in FIG. 8. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the magnetic reluctance. In this case, the size of a junction 143 a is made smaller than the size of outer line of the concave portion 161. Thereby, because leak of magnetic flux can be limited, an inductive recording head having a high magnetic recording efficiency is obtained.
FIG. 8 is a partially-omitted top view of the third embodiment (circular concave portion) of a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention. The third embodiment will be described below by referring to FIG. 8.
As for the concave portion 162 of this embodiment, the horizontal cross section is almost circular as shown in FIG. 9. Thereby, it is possible to further reduce the magnetic reluctance. In this case, a junction 143 b is formed into a circle smaller than the size of outer line of the concave portion 162. Thereby, leak of magnetic flux can be limited and an inductive recording head having a high magnetic recording efficiency is obtained.
FIGS. 9(a) to 9(c) show the fourth embodiment (junction overlap) of a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention, in which FIG. 9(a) is a partially-omitted front view, FIG. 9(b) is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line X—X of FIG. 9(a), and FIG. 9(c) is a partially-omitted top view. The fourth embodiment is described below by referring to FIGS. 9(a) to 9(c).
A yoke portion 142 a is connected to a front end portion 141 through junctions 143 c and 143 d. The junction 143 c serves as the upper side of the front end portion 141 and the junction 143 d serves as the both lateral sides of the front end portion 141. That is, the yoke portion 142 a covers the outer periphery of the front end portion 141 and also contacts a write gap layer 84. According to this embodiment, because a junction has a large contact area, it is possible to reduce the magnetic reluctance of the junction. Moreover, there is a large-enough allowance for the connection accuracy for connecting the yoke 142 a with the front end portion 141. Moreover, even using the shape explained above, the shape of a portion for determining the track width of the front end 141 portion is not changed. Therefore, the magnetic domain structure is not influenced by the shapes of the junctions 143 c and 143 d. FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of a magnetic storage apparatus using a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention. The embodiment will be described below by referring to FIG. 10.
The magnetic storage apparatus 30 of this embodiment is configured of the thin-film magnetic head 10 of the first embodiment, a magnetic storage medium 32, a spindle motor 34 for rotating the magnetic storage medium 32, a voice coil motor 36 for moving the thin-film magnetic head 10 on the magnetic storage medium 32, and a control section 38 to be operated in accordance with a command output from a not-illustrated host system. The control section 38 drives the spindle motor 34 and the voice coil motor 36 and moreover, records or reproduces data in or from the magnetic storage medium 32 by the thin-film magnetic head 10.
Because the magnetic recorder of this embodiment uses the thin-film magnetic head 10, the recording track width is 1.2 [micron meter] or less. A recording density to be realized by the track width is 4 Gbits/(inch) 2 or more. Therefore, by using a 3.5″-diameter disk, it is possible to easily provide a magnetic recorder having a high recording density of 5 Gbytes per disk or more.
Moreover, it is needless to say that the present invention is not restricted to the above embodiment. For example, a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention can use not only an MR-inductive composite-type thin-film magnetic head but also a thin-film magnetic head configured of only the inductive type or a composite-type thin-film magnetic head constituted by combining a reproducing head other than the MR type with an inductive-type recording head. Moreover, a lower shielding layer can use not only an NiFe plated film but also a sputtered film made of FeAlSi, CoZrTa, or FeTaN.
According to a thin-film magnetic head of the present invention, it is possible to make the magnetizing direction of a front end portion vertical to a signal magnetic field because magnetic easy axis of the front end portion of an upper pole layer along an ABS plane is adjusted to the film thickness direction and thereby, realize the magnetic-field/magnetization arrangement in the magnetization rotation mode. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the magnetic-field/magnetization arrangement in the magnetic-domain-wall moving mode caused when realizing a narrow track by the prior art and thereby, it is possible to improve the high-frequency characteristic of an excitation magnetic field response when realizing a narrow track.
Moreover, because a concave portion is formed on a lower pole layer or shared pole layer at a position separated from an ABS plane, the concave portion is filled with a non-magnetic material, and a gap depth is determined by the concave portion, the gap depth is not determined by the distance from the ABS plane up to the front end of a first flattening layer. Therefore, because it is possible to greatly separate the first flattening layer from the ABS plane. Also, it is possible that a resist frame pattern for forming the front end portion of an upper pole layer is not increased in film thickness due to the height difference of the first flattening layer or it is not overexposed due to the light reflected from the first flattening layer. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately decrease a gap depth and a front end portion width and thereby, a narrow track can be easily achieved. For example, as for the prior art, forming a track width of 1.7 [micron meter] through exposure to g-line of Hg is the limit. However, the present invention makes it possible to easily form a track width of 1.2 [micron meter]. By applying the stepper system (reduced projection developing system) using i-line of Hg to the present invention, it is possible to form a submicron narrow-track recording-pole front end portion of 0.8 [micron meter] or less.
The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 10-173304 (Filed on Jun. 19, 1998) including specification, claims, drawings and summary are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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Patent US7951191 - Bifurcated stent with entire circumferential petal - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA stent has a main body, which has a circumference that defines a primary lumen and longitudinal axis, which extends therethrough. A first region of the main body comprises at least one band disposed circumferentially about the longitudinal axis. A second region of the main body comprises a plurality...http://www.google.com/patents/US7951191?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7951191 - Bifurcated stent with entire circumferential petalAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7951191 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/850,549Publication dateMay 31, 2011Filing dateSep 5, 2007Priority dateOct 10, 2006Fee statusLapsedAlso published asEP2073766A1, EP2073766B1, US20080086197, WO2008045168A1Publication number11850549, 850549, US 7951191 B2, US 7951191B2, US-B2-7951191, US7951191 B2, US7951191B2InventorsDaniel Gregorich, Michael P. MeyerOriginal AssigneeBoston Scientific Scimed, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (109), Non-Patent Citations (14), Classifications (13), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetBifurcated stent with entire circumferential petal
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Patent US5569289 - Safety penetrating instrument with penetrating member and cannula moving ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA safety penetrating instrument includes a penetrating member, a safety member movable between an extended position where the safety member distal end protrudes distally of the penetrating member distal end and a retracted position where the safety member distal end is disposed proximally of the penetrating...http://www.google.com/patents/US5569289?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5569289 - Safety penetrating instrument with penetrating member and cannula moving during penetration and triggered safety member protusionAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5569289 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/317,939Publication dateOct 29, 1996Filing dateOct 4, 1994Priority dateJun 24, 1993Fee statusLapsedAlso published asWO1996010431A1Publication number08317939, 317939, US 5569289 A, US 5569289A, US-A-5569289, US5569289 A, US5569289AInventorsInbae YoonOriginal AssigneeYoon; InbaeExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (76), Referenced by (59), Classifications (18), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSafety penetrating instrument with penetrating member and cannula moving during penetration and triggered safety member protusion
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ChodorowTrocar systemUS5295993 *Apr 30, 1991Mar 22, 1994United States Surgical CorporationSafety trocarUS5312354 *Nov 4, 1991May 17, 1994American Cyanamid CompanySafety trocar instrument having a retractable point actuated by a trigger sleeveUS5318580 *Aug 30, 1991Jun 7, 1994Origin Medsystems, Inc.Retractable trocarUS5318585 *Jun 7, 1993Jun 7, 1994United States Surgical CorporationSafety trocarUS5320610 *Apr 15, 1992Jun 14, 1994Inbae YoonAutomatic retractable trocar with safety shield and method of useUS5324268 *Dec 16, 1991Jun 28, 1994Inbae YoonTrocar with safety shieldUS5330432 *Dec 6, 1991Jul 19, 1994Inbae YoonRetractable safety penetrating instrumentUS5336176 *Apr 15, 1992Aug 9, 1994Inbae YoonAutomatic retractable safety penetrating instrumentUS5338305 *Jun 25, 1992Aug 16, 1994Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyTrocarUS5346459 *Apr 14, 1993Sep 13, 1994Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyTrocarUS5350393 *Jan 6, 1992Sep 27, 1994Inbae YoonSafety trocar penetrating instrumentUS5360405 *Aug 14, 1992Nov 1, 1994Inbae YoonAutomatic retractable safety penetrating instrumentUS5364372 *Mar 29, 1993Nov 15, 1994Endoscopic Concepts, Inc.Trocar and cannulaUS5366445 *Mar 30, 1993Nov 22, 1994Habley Medical Technology Corp.Trocar with rotating safety shieldUS5368607 *Oct 6, 1992Nov 29, 1994Dexide, Inc.Surgical trocar and spike assemblyUS5372588 *Nov 24, 1992Dec 13, 1994Farley; KevinTrocar having blunt tipUS5374252 *Feb 1, 1994Dec 20, 1994Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyLocking pneumoneedleUS5376082 *May 3, 1993Dec 27, 1994Phelps; David Y.Needle deviceUS5380288 *Mar 30, 1993Jan 10, 1995Innovasive Devices, Inc.Surgical cannula and trocar system and method of using the sameUS5383859 *Oct 4, 1993Jan 24, 1995Sewell, Jr.; FrankRotatable laparoscopic puncturing instrumentUS5431635 *Jun 24, 1993Jul 11, 1995Yoon; InbaeSafety penetrating instrument having a triggered safety member for establishing an endoscopic portal in an anatomical cavity wallDE2544262A1 *Oct 3, 1975Apr 14, 1977Max Bernhard UlrichCatheter for intra:uterine use - has puncturing point and protective and removable hose in longitudinal central channelGB904635A * Title not availableSU878265A1 * Title not availableSU897224A1 * Title not availableSU1435246A1 * Title not availableWO1993004632A1 *Aug 28, 1992Mar 18, 1993Origin Medsystems, Inc.Trocar with retracting tip and palm actuator mechanismWO1993004715A1 *Mar 20, 1992Mar 18, 1993Origin Medsystems, Inc.Trocar with retracting tipWO1993004716A1 *Mar 20, 1992Mar 18, 1993Origin Medsystems, Inc.Simplified retractable trocarWO1993017626A1 *Mar 1, 1993Sep 16, 1993Endotherapeutics, Corp.Retracting tip trocar assembly* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6099544 *Apr 20, 1999Aug 8, 2000Neosurg Technologies, Inc.Safety shielded, reusable trocarUS6228058Dec 10, 1998May 8, 2001Core Dynamics, Inc.Sleeve trocar with penetration indicatorUS6280417Feb 23, 1999Aug 28, 2001Needberg Technologies, Inc.TrocarUS6340358Jul 13, 2000Jan 22, 2002Neosurg Technologies, Inc.TrocarUS6544277Mar 3, 2000Apr 8, 2003Neosurg Technologies, Inc.Obturator assemblyUS6960164Aug 1, 2003Nov 1, 2005Neosurg Technologies, Inc.Obturator tip for a trocarUS7001396 *Mar 26, 2003Feb 21, 2006Enpath Medical, Inc.Safety introducer assembly and methodUS7320694Mar 11, 2004Jan 22, 2008Coopersurgical, Inc.Obturator tipUS7338494Aug 19, 2003Mar 4, 2008Synthes (U.S.A.)Spring-loaded awlUS7419496Aug 3, 2004Sep 2, 2008Staudner Rupert ATrocar with retractable cutting surfaceUS7695485Nov 30, 2001Apr 13, 2010Power Medical Interventions, LlcSurgical deviceUS7789861Apr 18, 2006Sep 7, 2010Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Pleated trocar sealUS7874981Jul 31, 2003Jan 25, 2011Tyco Healthcare Group LpOrifice introducer deviceUS7905897Mar 14, 2002Mar 15, 2011Tyco Healthcare Group LpTrocar deviceUS8016855Mar 8, 2002Sep 13, 2011Tyco Healthcare Group LpSurgical deviceUS8021373Mar 30, 2010Sep 20, 2011Tyco Healthcare Group LpSurgical deviceUS8048099Oct 29, 2008Nov 1, 2011Aesculap AgSurgical obturatorUS8057502Nov 21, 2008Nov 15, 2011Aesculap AgSurgical obturatorUS8105348Jun 3, 2009Jan 31, 2012Aesculap AgSurgical obturatorUS8512359Aug 11, 2011Aug 20, 2013Covidien LpSurgical deviceUS8518074Aug 25, 2011Aug 27, 2013Covidien LpSurgical deviceUS8628468Jun 24, 2011Jan 14, 2014David L. ZisowDevice for anchoring a trocarUS8657843Apr 18, 2008Feb 25, 2014Applied Medical Resources CorporationShield lockout for bladed obturator and trocarsUS8728037Jul 2, 2010May 20, 2014Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Pleated trocar sealUS8740932Aug 12, 2013Jun 3, 2014Covidien LpSurgical deviceUS8801741May 3, 2007Aug 12, 2014Applied Medical Resources CorporationFlat blade shielded obturatorUS8814785Dec 13, 2010Aug 26, 2014Covidien LpOrifice introducer deviceUS8858589Jul 31, 2013Oct 14, 2014Covidien LpSurgical deviceUS8992579Mar 8, 2012Mar 31, 2015Nuvasive, Inc.Lateral fixation constructs and related methodsUS9055971Feb 22, 2011Jun 16, 2015Covidien LpTrocar deviceUS9060815Mar 15, 2013Jun 23, 2015Nuvasive, Inc.Systems and methods for performing spine surgeryUS9078654May 21, 2014Jul 14, 2015Covidien LpSurgical deviceUS9113878Aug 11, 2011Aug 25, 2015Covidien LpPinion clip for right angle linear cutterUS9186177Feb 22, 2011Nov 17, 2015Covidien LpTrocar deviceUS9192410Feb 22, 2011Nov 24, 2015Covidien LpTrocar deviceUS9474548Feb 24, 2014Oct 25, 2016Applied Medical Resources CorporationShield lockout for bladed obturator and trocarsUS9517089Oct 8, 2014Dec 13, 2016Nuvasive, Inc.Bone anchor with offset rod connectorUS20020198554 *Mar 14, 2002Dec 26, 2002Whitman Michael P.Trocar deviceUS20040092879 *Oct 24, 2003May 13, 2004Medamicus, Inc.Safety introducer apparatus and method thereforUS20040097958 *Jul 31, 2003May 20, 2004Whitman Michael P.Orifice introducer deviceUS20040193112 *Mar 26, 2003Sep 30, 2004Medamicus, Inc.Safety introducer assembly and methodUS20050033304 *Aug 1, 2003Feb 10, 2005O'heeron Peter T.Obturator tip for a trocarUS20050038466 *Sep 10, 2004Feb 17, 2005O'heeron Peter T.TrocarUS20050040065 *Aug 22, 2003Feb 24, 2005O'heeron Peter T.Medical procedure kitUS20050203467 *Mar 15, 2004Sep 15, 2005O'heeron Peter T.Trocar sealUS20050203559 *Mar 11, 2004Sep 15, 2005O'heeron Peter T.Obturator tipUS20050209608 *Mar 22, 2004Sep 22, 2005O'heeron Peter TTrocar sealUS20050251063 *May 7, 2004Nov 10, 2005Raghuveer BasudeSafety device for sampling tissueUS20060030870 *Aug 3, 2004Feb 9, 2006Staudner Rupert ATrocar with retractable cutting surfaceUS20060079844 *Oct 7, 2003Apr 13, 2006Whisson Maxwell ENeedle apparatusUS20070255218 *Apr 18, 2006Nov 1, 2007Franer Paul TPleated Trocar SealUS20070260275 *May 3, 2007Nov 8, 2007Applied Medical Resources CorporationFlat blade shielded obturatorUS20090138034 *Nov 21, 2008May 28, 2009Aesculap AgSurgical obturatorUS20090216195 *Feb 27, 2009Aug 27, 2009Ralph ZipperSurgical Needle or Introducer with Precise PenetratorUS20090306698 *Jun 3, 2009Dec 10, 2009Aesculap AgSurgical obturatorUS20100081994 *Oct 1, 2008Apr 1, 2010David Leslie ZisowSelf Retaining Laparoscopic Trocar System-Zisow Trocar Sleeve SystemUS20110082342 *Dec 13, 2010Apr 7, 2011Tyco Healthcare Group LpOrifice introducer deviceWO2007137672A2 *May 3, 2007Dec 6, 2007Aesculap AgSurgical obturatorWO2007137672A3 *May 3, 2007Feb 28, 2008Aesculap Ag & Co KgSurgical obturator* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification606/185, 604/165.02International ClassificationA61M5/32, A61B19/00, A61B10/00, A61B17/32, A61B10/02, A61B17/34Cooperative ClassificationA61B17/3417, A61B2017/320044, A61M5/3243, A61B2090/08021, A61B10/0233, A61B17/3496, A61B2017/3454European ClassificationA61B10/02P, A61B17/34G, A61B17/34S2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 23, 2000REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedOct 29, 2000LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJan 2, 2001FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20001101RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text:
Joe Paterno -- 'Little pain,' expects to be on sideline - ESPN
Joe Paterno plans return for opener
Updated: August 17, 2011, 2:39 AM ET
STATE COLLEGE, Pa. -- Joe Paterno says he's in a little pain after a blindside hit in practice sent him to the hospital, though Penn State's 84-year-old leader expects to coach from the sideline for the season opener.The Hall of Fame coach spoke from a golf cart before practice Tuesday, a week after being released from the hospital following the hit Aug. 7 from receiver Devon Smith. Paterno hurt his right shoulder and pelvis, though he said Tuesday he did not suffer any fractures."I ...Read full story
Paterno: RB Green likely won't return to team
Arm in sling, JoePa returns to Penn St. practice

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text:
Haribah min Manba' al Shams: Qissah Qaseerah by Ghada Al Samman, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® B&N Top 100 NY Times Bestsellers
Haribah min Manba' al Shams: Qissah Qaseerah
by Ghada Al Samman, Hasan Yahya (Editor)Ghada Al Samman
Ghada Al-Samman is an Arab woman Syrian writer, journalist and novelist born in Damascus in 1942 to a prominent and conservative Damascene family, she is remotely related to Nizar Qabbani the famous poet. Her father was Ahmed Al-Samman, a president of the Syrian University. She was deeply influenced by him since her mother died at a very young age.
The selection of this book for publication in the USA is sponsored by the Arab American Encyclopedia in the process of Ihyaa al Turath al Al Arabi fil Mahjar-Resurrection of Arab Heritage in Diaspora-project for the purpose of serving new Arab generations.
The Publisher is an Arab American scholar and writer, published hundreds of books for that purpose may be found on Amazon and Kindle. Dr. Yahya resides in Michigan-USA, he has four children and ten grandchildren.
Enjoy reading Arab women literature.
70 qissah qaseerah only 55 words
book by ghada al samman
2000 Bayt Min Al-Shi'R Al-Arabi: From Emri Al
This collection was made through the years from so many resources. The best Arabic poetry ...
This collection was made through the years from so many resources. The best Arabic poetry from Emri al-Qays to Nizar Qabbani. [pre-Islamic to modern age]. It includes Jahili, Islamic, Umayyad, Andalusi, Abbasids, and Modern Poetry. The collection is good for ...
Al Kurama wal Bukhala Taraif Arabiyyah
The Arab literature is full of great literal works, this work, however, is unique in ...
The Arab literature is full of great literal works, this work, however, is unique in pinpointing the qualities of both the generous and stingy people . It is a comic book for entertainment. The book is a part of Ihya' ...
In Beirut '75, Ghada al-Samman shockingly depicts the tragic lives of fictitious characters who find ...
In Beirut '75, Ghada al-Samman shockingly depicts the tragic lives of fictitious characters who find themselves in Beirut, Lebanon prior to the outbreak of the war. Heralded by many critics as being a work that prophesied the Lebanese civil war, ...
Mahasin Labisat Al Baraqi': Min al Ras Ila
In this rapid internet technology time, we are in serious need to know, love and ...
In this rapid internet technology time, we are in serious need to know, love and learn in a short time. This book describes the Arab women from head to toes, their Bodies, dress colors and their perfume. It is may ...

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text: was doing what poor bay buchanan had to do. her job is to prop up the romney campaign when even people in the romney campaign are saying horrible things about how bad the campaign's going behind the scenes. you know, talking about "the wall street journal" and the fact that laura ingram's had legitimate concerns and rush, you go down the concerns. this is not an ideological campaign, it's not a conservative campaign. not conservatives because the conservatives that are leaders who understand what a mess this country's in and our party's in, they're with me. but let's just say some of the screechers, whether it's on certain talk radio shows, people -- you know, they're blaming the polls. it's the pollsters' fault, right? just like walter mondale's people were blaming the polls back in 1984 a day before the election. the day before reagan got 49 states. blaming everything else but where the blame lies. and that is mitt romney and his horrible campaign. peggy noonan was right. you know, these idiots blast people like peggy noonan, these idiots blast people like "the wall street journal." Search Results 0 to 0 of about 1

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text:
Numismatic History of Mexico from the Pre-Columbian Epoch to 1823 by Pradeau, Alberto Francisco and Revised By Clyde Hubbard: Sanford J. Durst, New York Hard Cover - Wolfmueller's Books
Items related to Numismatic History of Mexico from the Pre-Columbian...
Home Pradeau, Alberto Francisco and Revised By Clyde Hubbard Numismatic History of Mexico from the Pre-Columbian Epoch to 1823
Pradeau, Alberto Francisco and Revised By Clyde Hubbard
Published by Sanford J. Durst, New York, 1978
1978 Revised Reprint Limited to 1,000 copies this is #259. Full brown leather with gilt letters. Spine ends and corners have minor rubbing, otherwise Fine. 176 pages with 24 black and white plates. Bookseller Inventory # 021355
Title: Numismatic History of Mexico from the ...
Publisher: Sanford J. Durst, New York

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text: the tone for the week here. they're down after super mario monti announced an early resignation as italian prime minister. >>> the fiscal cliff for payroll processors is not 22 days away. it's 4 days away, december 14th to be exact. millions of small businesses do their own payroll, and they're preparing now for the paychecks for the first week of january. right now they have no idea how much to hold back for social security taxes and the expiring bush tax cuts. the american payroll association urging congress to make a deal on the cliff saying, quote, a delay in legislation beyond december 14th doesn't give all businesses enough time to update and test their payroll systems for early january paychecks. >>> and in today's smart is the new rich, should you pay tuition based on which major you choose? the governor of florida rick scott considering it. a task force appointed by governor scott wants students to per sue so called s.t.e.m. majors against less in demand majors like history, philosophy, or english. the idea is to steer students to where there's the most need. liberal arts professi Search Results 0 to 3 of about 4 (some duplicates have been removed)


text:
Best Busker Contest...lots of great food deals TONIGHT! : Rochesterjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfivefoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | AskReddit-funny-pics-todayilearned-gifs-news-videos-worldnews-gaming-aww-Showerthoughts-movies-mildlyinteresting-nottheonion-television-Jokes-space-OldSchoolCool-photoshopbattles-explainlikeimfive-IAmA-sports-tifu-creepy-LifeProTips-Futurology-science-EarthPorn-TwoXChromosomes-UpliftingNews-Music-food-personalfinance-books-WritingPrompts-gadgets-dataisbeautiful-DIY-Art-nosleep-Documentaries-history-GetMotivated-askscience-listentothis-InternetIsBeautiful-blog-philosophy-announcementsmore » RochestercommentsWant to join? Log in or sign up in seconds.|Englishlimit my search to /r/Rochesteruse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 02 May 201317 points (88% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginNew LinkNew PostRochestersubscribeunsubscribe8,583 readers~41 users here now
a community for 8 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSmypetrobotSouth WedgebclikesyouSouth WedgeChildishSerpentPearl-Meigs-Monroeexploringaudio1999about moderation team »discussions in /r/Rochester<>X15 points · 16 comments Woman in viral video set to sue Rochester Police Department· 1 comment Pittsford unites against white supremacist message3 points · 2 comments Welcome to Rochester: Ponies Welcome18 points · 49 comments Final Parcel 5 Proposal: Tower and Green Space12 points · 8 comments Rochester looks to rebuild from the rubble44 points · 19 comments Can someone in Rochester make this happen?10 points · 19 comments New Plans Incoming for TWC Spectrum Internet13 points · 8 comments Dog stolen in the 19th Ward2 points · 5 comments Need Restaurant Recs Not Far Off I-905 points Krzysztof Kieslowski’s Decalogue at the DrydenThis is an archived post. You won't be able to vote or comment.
161718Best Busker Contest...lots of great food deals TONIGHT! (rochestercitynewspaper.com)submitted 3 years ago by rms221910 commentsshareloading...all 10 commentssorted by: besttopnewcontroversialoldrandomq&alive (beta)[–]CravingSunshine 1 point2 points3 points 3 years ago (2 children)What the hell is a busker and how does one be the best? It doesn't seem any different than any other festival?
permalinkembedsavegive gold[–]cnhn 1 point2 points3 points 3 years ago (1 child)a busker is a street performer. the only commonality between any two acts is that it is meant to be performed on a street.
permalinkembedsaveparentgive gold[–]CravingSunshine 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (0 children)Thank you! It's too bad I couldn't go to the contest. Now that I know what it is it sounded kind of fun. Thursday nights are a hard one...
permalinkembedsaveparentgive gold[–]special2plumsfor1Displaced Rochesterian 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (3 children)It's funny seeing this contest as a resident of NYC.
permalinkembedsavegive gold[–]LHMark 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (2 children)In NYC, they actually HAVE buskers. permalinkembedsaveparentgive gold[–]special2plumsfor1Displaced Rochesterian 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (1 child)In this case, they probably just put up some fliers at Eastman.
permalinkembedsaveparentgive gold[–]gallie_frayedNorth Winton Village 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (0 children)There's actually an application process to get in. It's a fun time with some cheap eats. permalinkembedsaveparentgive gold[–]JayVeeBeeDowntown 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (1 child)Thanks for the heads up about this! I definitely enjoyed some good music and tasty Poutine. permalinkembedsavegive gold[–]gallie_frayedNorth Winton Village 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (0 children)The poutine was the best!
permalinkembedsaveparentgive gold[–]LHMark 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (0 children)I'm gonna get some of my musician buddies and start an alt-punk street music act. We'll call it... "Büsker Dü."
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text:
Battle Over McLean Church Plan Reignited - The Washington Post
Battle Over McLean Church Plan Reignited
A battle over whether churchbell chimes should ring out over affluent residential neighborhoods west of Tysons Corner has taken an unexpected twist.
Residents of the Woodside community in McLean won a victory in September when the Fairfax County Board of Zoning Appeals rejected the proposed move of Providence Baptist Church to their neighborhood.
But in a rare action, the board decided to grant the church a new hearing on a revised proposal Nov. 19 -- much sooner than the full year that most applicants must wait before getting a second chance. Churches are allowed in residential neighborhoods by special permit from the zoning appeals board.
The Providence church is now located about 2 1/2miles away at the edge of the Tysons Corner shopping center at the intersection of International Drive and Rte. 7. The church wants to move to a seven-acre triangular site at the corner of Lewinsville Road and Rte. 7.
Members of the Woodside Citizens Association and the planning and zoning committee of the powerful McLean Citizens Association both oppose the move because of the size of the church and the chimes it uses.
"We have $150 million invested in our homes, and the churchplans to invest only $5 million," Ernest Berger, president of the Woodside Citizens Association, told the McLean zoning group last week. He said the church's investment "pales against" that of area homeowners.
The move of the church from its Tysons Corner site to Lewinsville Road is part of a complicated land deal. Linpro, a Washington-area development company, has a contract to buy the church site at Tysons Corner and plans to build an office building on the site, which is in front of Bloomingdale's fronting on Rte. 7, if the church can find another location.
Linpro bought the land at Lewinsville Road and Rte, 7 to facilitate the church's move. The proposed new church site is across Brook Road from another church and includes an existing private school.
The site is across Rte. 7 from the National Wildlife Federation. Chruch members said only one side of the proposed new church site abuts a residential neighborhood.
A spokesman for the church told the McLeans citizens group zoning committee that the church has reduced the size of the sanctuary, increased open space, expanded its landscape plan and is now willing to build a turn lane from Brook Road onto Rte. 7.
Church leaders said loudspeakers would not be used in connection with Christmas nativity scenes. The church is well-known for its Christmas nativity scenes at Tysons Corner. Church officials said use of the loudspeaker was appropriate at Tysons Corner but would not be at the new site.
Church leaders also explained that the chimes are part of their worship service and would be rung only as worshippers entered and left the church.
However, civic leader Lilla Richards said the chimes and the size of the building are out of character with the neighborhood.
Church officials said they are willing to give up hosting a Monday night bible study group if that is necessary to win approval to move to the new site.
The church also is willing to relinguish courses in English as a second language now offered by Fairfax County in its building.
But that decision would have to be made by county education officials, a church spokesman said.

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BBC Sport - Lee Martin wants to stay at Ipswich Town
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Lee Martin wants to stay at Ipswich Town
Ipswich Town winger Lee Martin has said he wants to sign a new deal and remain at Portman Road beyond the summer.
The 26-year-old is set to be a free agent at the end of the season, but is focussing on Championship survival.
"I want to stay. I've said that from the off, when it first came up in August," he told BBC Radio Suffolk.
Lee Martin at Ipswich
2012-13 (so far): 33 games, no goals
2011-12: 35 games, five goals
2010-11: 16 games, no goals
2009-10: 18 games, one goal
"But the current situation probably doesn't allow us to go into contract negotiations until we climb away from the bottom."
Martin took time to settle in at Ipswich after arriving from Manchester United four years ago and had a spell on loan at Charlton in the first half of the 2010-11 campaign.
But he had his most productive season in a Town shirt last term, featuring 35 times, and has made 33 appearances in the current campaign.
And while there are negotiations over a new deal, the midfielder does not expect a contract to be confirmed until Town increase their four-point gap over the relegation zone.
"Not in the current situation where we're at, no. I'm sure the club will say that too," he said.
"We're talking. The discussions haven't stopped. I think it's been put off to see where we finish up.
"You just come in and get your head down and work hard. There are more pressing issues to worry about than contracts." Also related to this story
Martin waiting for Ipswich deal
Martin ready to commit to Ipswich
Martin lost immaturity - Jewell

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Those Campus C.E.O.'s - The New York Times
Archives|Those Campus C.E.O.'s
https://nyti.ms/29b9jIx
Those Campus C.E.O.'s
By RUSSELL JACOBY JUNE 1, 1992
June 1, 1992, Page 00017 The New York Times Archives
Last week, the president of Yale, Benno C. Schmidt, announced he was leaving to join a telecommunications corporation. Is this a speck in the eye of academia or just business as usual? It may be just the latter and therein lies a problem.
College presidents are behaving like other executives. Amid deep budget cuts at the University of California, the president, David Gardner, is retiring with a severance package approaching $1 million. Top university presidents value prestige, perks and salaries -- the more the better. They manage large institutions that look like other large institutions. They face issues of product marketing, capital investment, fund raising and even parking. A 1990 primer for college presidents counsels them: "If you have the chance to build a brand new university, you should start out with the parking system and design the buildings around it." What about the library?
It's difficult to romanticize college presidents. Were they ever different? Once they even seemed slightly absurd, an easy target for the Marx brothers in "Horse Feathers." Today a satire of a zany college president would fall flat as a lampoon of an absent-minded professor; both are obsolete. College presidents are now less daft than deft, less interested than self-interested.
They weren't always. Woodrow Wilson of Princeton, Andrew White of Cornell, Charles Eliot of Harvard and Robert Hutchins of Chicago were hardly flawless geniuses. But they addressed issues of education and society. They took stands; they spoke out. They left an imprint.
Cynicism is the beverage of the 90's. For the cynics, nothing is new or news. But universities are not yet -- or not only -- industrial parks; their presidents not simply C.E.O's. Colleges sustain learning and thought. They still have libraries. Is it naive to imagine that university leaders should be leaders across and beyond campuses? After all, the U.S. does not suffer from a lack of issues nor from a surfeit of articulate voices.
Perhaps they are busy revitalizing education. This is what galls about Mr. Schmidt's parting from Yale. He has cast his lot with private enterprise, Whittle Communications, out to turn a profit by opening a thousand schools.
The Whittle schools depend on spreading the voucher system where taxpayers can transfer their dollars from public to private education. To earn a healthy bottom line, however, these schools must cut expenses by relying on computers and television.
The impact is not difficult to predict. Those who despair or are impatient with public education -- and who is not? -- will turn to them, siphoning off precious energies and monies from public schooling. A new network of profit-making schools, however, will ratify, not rectify, vast educational inequalities. The affluent will supplement their voucher dollars to enroll their children in traditional private schools; others will send their children to less expensive schools with stripped-down staffs and batteries of television monitors. In the mall, McSchool franchises will promise a complete education for pennies; in grassy suburbs educational boutiques with high fees will sprout.
America's finest achievement, its public educational system, verges on collapse. It was always imperfect, a democratic dream to which the past generation of college presidents committed themselves. Woodrow Wilson left Princeton protesting its exclusiveness and dependence on big money. This generation of college presidents seems more preoccupied with managing careers and less vocal about educational democracy. Finally, one acts as an educational visionary. And what is the vision? A national chain of profit-making schools.
A version of this op-ed appears in print on June 1, 1992, on Page A00017 of the National edition with the headline: Those Campus C.E.O.'s. Today's Paper|Subscribe

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