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Patent US5579776 - Oscillometric blood pressure monitor with enhanced cuff pressure control - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn automated sphygmomanometer in which the so-called "air effect" (a slow rise or fall in cuff pressure caused by step inflates or deflates) is substantially eliminated by deflating (inflating) the pressure cuff to a pressure lower (higher) than the target pressure, waiting a short time interval, and...http://www.google.com/patents/US5579776?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5579776 - Oscillometric blood pressure monitor with enhanced cuff pressure controlAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5579776 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/372,137Publication dateDec 3, 1996Filing dateJan 13, 1995Priority dateJan 13, 1995Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2167010A1, CA2167010C, DE69632278D1, DE69632278T2, EP0723761A2, EP0723761A3, EP0723761B1Publication number08372137, 372137, US 5579776 A, US 5579776A, US-A-5579776, US5579776 A, US5579776AInventorsRichard MederoOriginal AssigneeJohnson & Johnson Medical, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (22), Referenced by (42), Classifications (8), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetOscillometric blood pressure monitor with enhanced cuff pressure control
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4349034 *Mar 31, 1980Sep 14, 1982Johnson & JohnsonAutomatic mean blood pressure reading deviceUS4360029 *Oct 3, 1980Nov 23, 1982Johnson & JohnsonAutomatic mean blood pressure reading deviceUS4461266 *Apr 29, 1982Jul 24, 1984Critikon, Inc.Adaptive incremental blood pressure monitorUS4543962 *Jul 9, 1984Oct 1, 1985Critikon, Inc.Method of automated blood pressure detectionUS4546775 *Jun 18, 1984Oct 15, 1985Critikon, Inc.Detection of blood pressure complexes in automated vital signs monitorsUS4627440 *Jul 5, 1985Dec 9, 1986Critikon, Inc.Sphygmomanometric cuff pressurizing systemUS4638810 *Jul 5, 1985Jan 27, 1987Critikon, Inc.Automated diastolic blood pressure monitor with data enhancementUS4754761 *Oct 27, 1986Jul 5, 1988Critikon, Inc.Automated mean arterial blood pressure monitor with data enhancementUS4774960 *Oct 30, 1986Oct 4, 1988Datascope CorporationMethod and apparatus for measuring blood pressureUS4889133 *May 25, 1988Dec 26, 1989Protocol Systems, Inc.Method for noninvasive blood-pressure measurement by evaluation of waveform-specific area dataUS4926873 *Mar 20, 1989May 22, 1990Hewlett-Packard CompanyMethod for measuring blood pressure and apparatus for automated blood pressure measuringUS4949710 *Oct 6, 1988Aug 21, 1990Protocol Systems, Inc.Method of artifact rejection for noninvasive blood-pressure measurement by prediction and adjustment of blood-pressure dataUS4984577 *Mar 20, 1989Jan 15, 1991Hewlett-Packard CompanyOscillometric non-invasive method for measuring blood pressure and apparatus for automated oscillometric blood pressure measuringUS5052397 *Dec 4, 1986Oct 1, 1991Critikon, Inc.Oscillometric blood pressure monitor employing non-uniform pressure decrementing stepsUS5054495 *Jul 10, 1989Oct 8, 1991Colin Electronics Co., Ltd.Automatic blood-pressure measuring apparatusUS5103833 *Dec 20, 1989Apr 14, 1992Critikon, Inc.Peripheral arterial monitoring instrumentsUS5170795 *Oct 27, 1986Dec 15, 1992Critikon, Inc.Oscillometric blood pressure monitor and method employing non-uniform pressure decrementing stepsUS5218968 *Jan 22, 1992Jun 15, 1993Critikon, Inc.Peripheral arterial monitoring instrumentsUS5253648 *Oct 11, 1991Oct 19, 1993Spacelabs Medical, Inc.Method and apparatus for excluding artifacts from automatic blood pressure measurementsUS5261413 *Jul 26, 1991Nov 16, 1993Colin Electronics Co., Ltd.Blood pressure measure systemUS5280790 *Jan 25, 1993Jan 25, 1994Spacelabs Medical, Inc.Automatic blood pressure monitor having reduced data loss sensitivity to cuff pressure changesUS5311872 *Mar 25, 1993May 17, 1994Critikon, Inc.Peripheral arterial monitoring instruments* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5961467 *Apr 1, 1997Oct 5, 1999Shimazu; HideakiCardiovascular system observation methodUS6050951 *Nov 10, 1997Apr 18, 2000Critikon Company, L.L.C.NIBP trigger in response to detected heart rate variabilityUS6358213Aug 18, 1999Mar 19, 2002Critikon Company, LlcCalculation of quality and its use in determination of indirect noninvasive blood pressureUS6475154 *Nov 9, 2000Nov 5, 2002Taidoc Corp., Ltd.Method and apparatus for non-invasive blood-pressure measurementUS6719702May 28, 2002Apr 13, 2004Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Apparatus and method for measuring blood pressure using linearly varying air pressureUS6893403Feb 25, 2003May 17, 2005Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc.Oscillometric determination of blood pressureUS7070566Mar 13, 2003Jul 4, 2006Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc.Artifact rejection using pulse quality valuesUS7074192Jul 3, 2003Jul 11, 2006Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc.Method and apparatus for measuring blood pressure using relaxed matching criteriaUS7166076Sep 7, 2004Jan 23, 2007Biomedix, Inc.Vascular testing systemUS7172555 *Sep 7, 2004Feb 6, 2007Biomedix, Inc.Vascular testing systemUS7186218Feb 27, 2003Mar 6, 2007Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies Inc.Method and system for cuff pressure reversionsUS7198604Mar 18, 2003Apr 3, 2007Ge Medical Systems Information TechnologiesMethod and system for determination of pulse rateUS7214192Sep 7, 2004May 8, 2007Biomedix, Inc.Vascular testing systemUS7288070May 18, 2004Oct 30, 2007The General Electric CompanyMethod and apparatus for determining extreme blood pressure valuesUS7300404Sep 7, 2006Nov 27, 2007The General Electric CompanyMethod and system utilizing SpO2 plethysmograph signal to qualify NIBP pulsesUS7311669Mar 16, 2005Dec 25, 2007Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc.Oscillometric determination of blood pressureUS7390302Aug 16, 2006Jun 24, 2008The General Electric CompanyMethod and system of determining NIBP target inflation pressure using an SpO2 plethysmograph signalUS7462152Sep 7, 2006Dec 9, 2008The General Electric CompanyMethod and system utilizing SpO2 plethysmograph signal to reduce NIBP determination timeUS7544167Jan 23, 2007Jun 9, 2009Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc.Method and system for cuff pressure reversionsUS7678059Mar 16, 2010General Electric CompanyNon-invasive blood pressure monitor with improved performanceUS7927283Apr 19, 2011Tiba Medical, Inc.Blood pressure algorithmUS8211030Mar 26, 2009Jul 3, 2012The General Electric CompanyNIBP target inflation pressure automation using derived SPO2 signalsUS8282567Apr 18, 2006Oct 9, 2012General Electric CompanyMethod and system for determination of pulse rateUS8721557 *Feb 18, 2011May 13, 2014Covidien LpPattern of cuff inflation and deflation for non-invasive blood pressure measurementUS20030144829 *Jan 24, 2003Jul 31, 2003Geatz Michael W.System and method for sensing and evaluating physiological parameters and modeling an adaptable predictive analysis for symptoms managementUS20040167411 *Feb 25, 2003Aug 26, 2004Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc.Oscillometric determination of blood pressureUS20040171943 *Feb 27, 2003Sep 2, 2004Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc.Method and system for cuff pressure reversionsUS20040186386 *Mar 18, 2003Sep 23, 2004Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc.Method and system for determination of pulse rateUS20050004477 *Jul 3, 2003Jan 6, 2005Friedman Bruce ArnoldMethod and apparatus for measuring blood pressure using relaxed matching criteriaUS20050187483 *Mar 16, 2005Aug 25, 2005Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies Inc.Oscillometric determination of blood pressureUS20050261597 *May 18, 2004Nov 24, 2005Sai KolluriMethod and apparatus for determining extreme blood pressure valuesUS20060052712 *Sep 7, 2004Mar 9, 2006Biomedix, Inc.Vascular testing systemUS20060052713 *Sep 7, 2004Mar 9, 2006Biomedix, Inc.Vascular testing systemUS20060052714 *Sep 7, 2004Mar 9, 2006Biomedix, Inc.Vascular testing systemUS20060184055 *Apr 18, 2006Aug 17, 2006Sai KolluriMethod and system for determination of pulse rateUS20070106163 *Oct 12, 2005May 10, 2007Friedman Bruce ANon-invasive blood pressure monitor with improved performanceUS20080045846 *Aug 16, 2006Feb 21, 2008Friedman Bruce AMethod and system of determining nibp target inflation pressure using an sp02 plethysmograph signalUS20080082006 *Sep 7, 2006Apr 3, 2008Sai KolluriMETHOD AND SYSTEM UTILIZING SpO2 PLETHYSMOGRAPH SIGNAL TO REDUCE NIBP DETERMINATION TIMEUS20080234589 *Mar 20, 2008Sep 25, 2008Tiba Medical, Inc.Blood pressure algorithmUS20100249616 *Sep 30, 2010The General Electric CompanyNibp target inflation pressure automation using derived spo2 signalsUS20120215118 *Feb 18, 2011Aug 23, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcPattern of cuff inflation and deflation for non-invasive blood pressure measurementEP1285626A2May 24, 2002Feb 26, 2003Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Apparatus and method for measuring blood pressure using linearly varying air pressure* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification600/493, 600/495, 600/494International ClassificationA61B5/0225Cooperative ClassificationA61B5/02225, A61B5/0225European ClassificationA61B5/022C, A61B5/0225Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 29, 1995ASAssignmentOwner name: JOHNSON & JOHNSON MEDICAL, INC., NEW JERSEYFree format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CRITIKON, INC.;REEL/FRAME:007658/0751Effective date: 19941116Sep 3, 1996ASAssignmentOwner name: JOHNSON & JOHNSON MEDICAL, INC., NEW JERSEYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MEDERO, RICHARD;REEL/FRAME:008135/0001Effective date: 19960827Dec 17, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: CRITIKON COMPANY, L.L.C., FLORIDAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ETHICON, INC.;REEL/FRAME:009703/0280Effective date: 19981022Dec 30, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION OF FLORIDA, THE, NEWFree format text: SENIOR SECURITY AGREEMENT FOR PATENT;ASSIGNOR:CRITIKON COMPANY, L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:009648/0508Effective date: 19981103Dec 31, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION OF FLORIDA, THE, NEWFree format text: SUBORDINATED SECURITY AGREEMENT FOR PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:CRITIKON COMPANY, L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:009662/0013Effective date: 19981103May 25, 2000FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jun 16, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ETHICON INC.;REEL/FRAME:014172/0109Effective date: 19981022Dec 23, 2003FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jan 30, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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EXPOSED - A Photography Showcase - EXPOSED - A Photography Showcase (San Jose, CA) - Meetup
We get through as many images as time permits on a first come first served basis. Please upload a maximum of three images to the folder under the "See all images section" labeled the next meeting date "12/14 critique" for example.
First click on the "See All Photos" under the "Whats New" pane on the right side of the home page. Then select the folder with the next meeting date click on it. Under the name "12/14 Critique"(for example) there is a add images button, Click, locate the files and upload. Remember these images are public so water mark if you must, you can also delete after the critique, but both of these are you responsibility. Looking forward to our next meeting
A former member It was a most fantastic experience! A lively group of fellow photographers getting together to talk shop! I truly enjoyed it. 0 · December 15 Greg Edwards Excellent review of my current project 0 · December 15 dforzano once again, hasty selections, and no time for edits... but I'll be there. Dug up some old shots to have some continuity again this time. Promise - lots of new photos after the holidays! 0 · December 10 22 attended
Arlene Willems
106,880,542 RSVPs!

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Patent US4140184 - Using geothermal energy - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA method of producing a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method employs carbon containing material, water and a reaction chamber in a hot subterranean formation. The method steps include: (a) forming an aqueous slurry containing said material in divided, flowable form, (b) passing the slurry...http://www.google.com/patents/US4140184?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4140184 - Using geothermal energyAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4140184 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/741,794Publication dateFeb 20, 1979Filing dateNov 15, 1976Priority dateNov 15, 1976Publication number05741794, 741794, US 4140184 A, US 4140184A, US-A-4140184, US4140184 A, US4140184AInventorsIra C. Bechtold, H. Randall EmmersonOriginal AssigneeBechtold Ira C, Emmerson H RandallExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (6), Classifications (15) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetUsing geothermal energyUS 4140184 AAbstract A method of producing a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method employs carbon containing material, water and a reaction chamber in a hot subterranean formation. The method steps include:
We claim: 1. In the method of producing a hydrocarbon and employing carbon containing material, water and a reaction chamber in a hot subterranean formation, the steps that include:(a) forming an aqueous slurry containing said material in divided, flowable form, said carbon containing material consisting of a mineral carbonate, (b) passing the slurry into said subterranean formation for chemical interaction of said material and water at elevated temperature to form said hydrocarbon, and (c) recovering said hydrocarbon, (d) said method including the preliminary step of locating the chamber in said hot subterranean formation for receiving said slurry, a subterranean magmatic source of heat being utilized, and wherein said locating step is carried out to locate the chamber in heat transfer proximity with said subterranean magmatic source of heat. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said locating step is carried out to locate said chamber proximate a subterranean porous rock formation in which said hydrocarbon tends to collect in fluid state, and said recovering step includes providing an up-passage extending from said porous rock formation to the earth surface for passing said hydrocarbon to the surface.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to processes for production of hydrocarbons and other useful products from carbon bearing sources, and employing subterranean heating for effecting process reactions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is a major object of the present invention to provide a method for employing subterranean heat to effect hydrocarbon production from carbon containing material and water. As will be seen, the method basically involves the use or provision of a reaction chamber in a subterranean formation and includes the steps:
DRAWING DESCRIPTION FIG. 1 is a vertical section through the earth and illustrating the process.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention basically involves an unusually advantageous method for employing magmatic or subterranean heat to effect the interaction of carbon and carbon oxides with water or other source of hydrogen supplied to a subterranean chamber, to form a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2761824 *Apr 30, 1952Sep 4, 1956 Method of treatment of solid carbonaceous materialsUS3449247 *Oct 23, 1965Jun 10, 1969William J BauerProcess for wet oxidation of combustible waste materialsUS3794116 *May 30, 1972Feb 26, 1974Atomic Energy CommissionSitu coal bed gasificationUS3858397 *Mar 19, 1970Jan 7, 1975Int Salt CoCarrying out heat-promotable chemical reactions in sodium chloride formation cavernUS3967675 *Apr 7, 1975Jul 6, 1976Ab Hydro BetongMethod and device for exploiting the geothermal energy in a submarine volcanoUS4078904 *Sep 28, 1976Mar 14, 1978The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of EnergyProcess for forming hydrogen and other fuels utilizing magmaGB168581A * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *Oil & Gas Journal, "Igneous Rocks Seen Promising for Gas", Apr. 5, 1971, p. 33.2 *Weismann, "Stable Carbon Isotope Investigation of Natural Gases from Sacramento & Delaware-Val Verde Basins-Possible Igneous Origin", (Abs.) Bulletin, AAPG, vol. 55, No. 2, p. 369.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4455215 *Apr 29, 1982Jun 19, 1984Jarrott David MProcess for the geoconversion of coal into oilUS4473120 *Apr 29, 1983Sep 25, 1984Mobil Oil CorporationMethod of retorting oil shale using a geothermal reservoirUS7581592 *Nov 21, 2005Sep 1, 2009Bush Ronald RSystem and method for the manufacture of fuel, fuelstock or fuel additivesUS7730945 *Oct 19, 2007Jun 8, 2010Shell Oil CompanyUsing geothermal energy to heat a portion of a formation for an in situ heat treatment processUS8408313Aug 26, 2008Apr 2, 2013Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyMethods for application of reservoir conditioning in petroleum reservoirsWO2009042333A1 *Aug 26, 2008Apr 2, 2009Thomas J BooneApplication of reservoir conditioning in petroleum reservoirs* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification166/300, 48/DIG.7, 166/266, 166/270.1, 48/197.00R, 166/271International ClassificationE21B43/24, E21B43/40Cooperative ClassificationY10S48/07, E21B43/24, E21B43/40, E21B43/2405European ClassificationE21B43/40, E21B43/24K, E21B43/24RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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From jet ski scams to robbery, assault and even police extortion, for the millions of tourists who flock to Thailand each year the kingdom does not always live up to its reputation as the "Land of Smiles".
https://www.foxnews.com/world/thailand-urged-to-tackle-dark-side-of-land-of-smiles

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text:
Office/Guest Room on Pinterest | Home Offices, Ikea Alex Drawers and …
Decor Ideas, Newlyweds Home, Plays House, Offices Spaces, Pink Offices, Girlyness Offices, Work Woman
#NorajukuStylist Apartment Decor Ideas: Simple and Sweet Workspace
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Modern Kid Room Makeover | B @ H
Bliss At Home. Daring but lovely design DIY. Chic Office Chair Sources. JAN 22 2014. ♡ Gorgeous White Chairs ranging from under $100 to over $500.
from bliss-athome.com Chic Office Chair Sources
Budget-friendly sources for Chic Office Chairs
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Chic Office Chair Sources | B @ H
gender-neutral, two person office: sleek black walls and lucite desk are cozied up by the plush carpet and leather chairs.
Googles billedresultat for http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_UBbJ8EbHBrw/TNnEvAN9oDI/AAAAAAAAAUU/j7x6qpBSzfg/s640/hjemmekontor3.jpg
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IKEA ALEX drawer unit with casters
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Bryan, it's hard to imagine with all that clutter, but if the work space came out from the wall, then we wouldn't have to face the wall (we could gaze at one another and play footsies . . . )
white office, IKEA ALEX drawer unit with casters
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computer desk and sewing space, separated by ikea alex drawers
Desk surface on hairpin legs with Ikea Alex drawers on csters underneath. Tiffany Leigh Interior Design
White office desk with two chairs. Love Ikea!
Home Office | long desk for sewing machine & photography business
Love the white floor/wall and pop of color surrounding the natural desk.
Rejuvenation Home Office: cheerful!
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colourful workspace (via Keltainen talo rannalla)
All white walls with a pop of color in the furniture. Love the contrast.
Ambiente clean e calmo. Ideal! #home #decor #interior #design / Att. EO
A great way to add #colours to your #home #office: #yellow #chair! :) And a bit of #red here and there.
Glitter Girl: Samantha Wills | theglitterguide.com
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Like this work space Glitter Girl: Samantha Wills | theglitterguide.com
Home office with inspiration board
home office - like the idea of side by side workspaces
contemporary home office @Sancha Stevenson think this would be cool in the space at the bottom of the stairs - future homework space
tiny space, cool chair
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Leschi Remodel contemporary home office
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Cork wall. More pretty home office ideas at this link.
home office - full wall cork board / pin board - SO DOING THIS!
For my dream home office one day... full wall of cork board! I'm loving this idea but not like this I need a book case!
DIY Cork Board Wall Idea - Let a basic bulletin board carry some of the load, so you can put notes, reminders, and even family photos behind the scenes. Not only will your display keep things organized, it will also inspire you.
home office space via matchbook mag - so good
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Desk / Office / Work Space matchbookmag: Jane Lilly Warren’s desk… (photo: Courtney Apple / Matchbook March #design office #office ideas #office design #working design| http://working-design-collections-692.blogspot.com
White work area.
little white home office space
love the colour...possibly Swimming by Sherwin Williams (SW6764), Soaring Sky by Dunn Edwards (DE5736) or Frosty by Valspar. www.marieburgosdesign.com
home office. framed maps. white.
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Maps #atlas #wall #Art #home #office #desk #inspiration #board #flowers
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Cloth Storage-Box Covers
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Organizing: Desk Organizing Ideas - cloth covered storage boxes Martha Stewart
DIY Cloth Storage Box Covers @ Martha Stewart
Cloth Storage-Box Covers | Step-by-Step | DIY Craft How To’s and Instructions| Martha Stewart
Template for fabric covered boxes at Martha Stewart web site
i need the desk space and storage this provides. how to do it in my house?
Decor, Wall Colors, Desks Area, Blue Wall, Offices Spaces, Interiors Design, Lonny Magazines, Home Offices, Desks Spaces
Lonny Magazine: Lisa Stasiulewicz - Blue walls paint color, Restoration Hardware Vintage French Cane ...
Grey Blue Wall Color + White Furniture + Vintage Accents
Lonny Magazine July/Aug 2011 | Photography by Patrick Cline; Interior Design by Lonny. Very nicely organized
not a fan of the deer on the wall but I like the wall color, especially with the red chair
Wall Colors, Blue Wall, Palladian Blue, Deer Head, Blue Bedrooms, Painting Colours, Offices Ideas, Painting Colors, Home Offices
15 Super cool home office ideas
nice wall color.@Dana Dillabough My kind of Deer head
BM Palladian Blue bedroom
ben moore palladian blue. Paint color and ceiling beams
nice wall color. Benjamin Moore Palladian Blue
red chair and blue walls
serious office chic
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Avenue Interior Design office

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Umpqua, OR Lighting
Lighting near Umpqua	Roseburg
16 Umpqua, OR Lighting Designers and SuppliersA well-lit home is essential for both functional and aesthetic reasons. Lighting designers will analyze your Umpqua, OR home's layout, structure and needs to create an effective lighting plan throughout your home. Though electrical engineers or interior designers can take on the task of outfitting your home with the appropriate lighting, a professional lighting designer explores lighting as a technique. More View Ashburn, VA professionals near
(541) 459-2622	Umpqua, OR, 97486
(541) 459-1799	Umpqua, OR, 97486
(541) 520-3824	Eugene, 9740550 miles from Umpqua
Lighting design Read More ENERGY SERVICES
(208) 788-1137	Eugene, OR, 9740550 miles from Umpqua
(541) 343-2556	Eugene, OR, 9740250 miles from Umpqua
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(541) 726-5994	Springfield, OR, 9747750 miles from Umpqua
(541) 942-6177	Springfield, OR, 9747750 miles from Umpqua
Think about how you plan to use each area of your Umpqua, OR home. It's important to communicate to your Oregon lighting designer which space will be used as an office and which will be a media room, for example, as these will require very different lighting methods. In addition, consider how you'd prefer to control the lights. Lighting technology today includes dimmers, sensors, photocells (that let lights react to the amount of daylight in a space), programmable scene controls (that let you program different settings for varied lighting) and whole-house lighting controls (that let you control all or a portion of your home's lights from one source), allowing you to tailor your lighting controls however you wish.
Be wary of electricians or sales reps posing as lighting designers. Identify professional lighting designers by finding out whether they're involved in lighting programs or associations such as the International Association of Lighting Designers, and confirming that they have LC (Lighting Certification) or CLC (Certified Lighting Consultant) credentials. You can find more lighting in Roseburg, Sutherlin, Green, Roseburg North and Oakland.
Find a lighting designer on Houzz. Narrow your search in the Professionals section of the website to Umpqua, OR lighting designer. You can also look through Umpqua, OR photos by style to find a lighting design you like, then contact the designer.	Professional Categories in Umpqua
Umpqua Residential Contractors · Umpqua Architect & Contractors · Umpqua Interior Decorators · Umpqua Home Designers · Umpqua Kitchen Designers · Umpqua Kitchen & Bath Remodelers · Umpqua House Builders · Umpqua Landscapers · Umpqua Licensed Landscape Contractors · Umpqua Tile Studios · Umpqua Cabinets & Cabinetry · Umpqua Furniture Makers · Umpqua Carpet Installer · Umpqua Residential Paint And Wall Coverings · Umpqua Decks, Patios & Outdoor Enclosures · Umpqua Pool Suppliers · Umpqua Carpenters · Umpqua Doors · Umpqua Garage Doors · Umpqua Custom Closet Designers	· more...
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Talk:Soviet submarine K-159 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Talk:Soviet submarine K-159
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Soviet_submarine_K-159&oldid=420158399"	Categories: C-Class Ships articlesShips articles needing attention to referencing and citationShips articles needing attention to coverage and accuracyStart-Class maritime warfare articlesMaritime warfare task force articlesStart-Class Russian, Soviet and CIS military history articlesRussian, Soviet and CIS military history task force articlesStart-Class military history articlesUnassessed Shipwreck articlesUnknown-importance Shipwreck articlesC-Class Soviet Union articlesLow-importance Soviet Union articlesC-Class Russian, Soviet and CIS military history articlesWikiProject Soviet Union articlesC-Class Russia articlesRussia articles with incomplete B-Class checklistsRussia articles needing attention to referencing and citationRussia articles needing attention to coverage and accuracyRussia articles needing attention to structureRussia articles needing attention to grammarRussia articles needing attention to supporting materialsLow-importance Russia articlesC-Class Russia (technology and engineering) articlesTechnology and engineering in Russia task force articlesC-Class Russia (history) articlesHistory of Russia task force articlesLow-importance C-Class Russia articlesWikiProject Russia articlesHidden categories: Maritime warfare articles needing attention to referencing and citationMaritime warfare articles needing attention to coverage and accuracyRussian, Soviet and CIS military history articles needing attention to referencing and citationRussian, Soviet and CIS military history articles needing attention to coverage and accuracyMilitary history articles needing attention to referencing and citationMilitary history articles needing attention to coverage and accuracy	Navigation menu
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Martin Jol frustrated despite Fulham win | Daily Mail Online
Jol frustrated with Fulham's performance despite seeing side end three game losing run
Published: 14:06 EST, 31 March 2012 | Updated: 17:21 EST, 31 March 2012
Martin Jol cut a frustrated figure despite watching his Fulham side end a three-game losing streak against Norwich.
The west Londoners headed into the game on the back of defeats to Aston Villa, Swansea and Manchester United and had to be on their toes to see off the Canaries 2-1 at Craven Cottage.
Clint Dempsey handed the Whites the lead after 107 seconds and the hosts had a two-goal advantage when Damien Duff netted in the 13th minute.
Not happy: Fulham manager Martin Jol was frustrated by his side
However, Fulham struggled to cope with Pavel Pogrebnyak's first-half injury and Norwich's tactical fluidity.
Aaron Wilbraham scored a deflected 77th-minute goal to ensure a nervy ending on the banks of the Thames, which frustrated manager Jol.
'I have to say I had mixed feelings after the game,' the Dutchman said.
'The first half we were well prepared for them and started off well.
'They changed their system all the time and they do that with a purpose.
'That was not easy to cope with but I thought we used the right tactics in the first half.
Early lead: USA international Clint Dempsey celebrates his goal after just 107 seconds
'There was a good balance between offensive and defensive play. As a matter of fact, we played against their reserves on Monday and we beat them 5-1 and they played in a similar way.
'In the second half they changed their formation and forced us to double-up on the flanks, go back and we couldn't get out of it.
'Pavel was not there, Andy Johnson was of course injured so we needed a bit of penetration.
'That was probably the reason we could not get out of it but I have to say if you have to defend, you have to defend.
Running away with it: Damien Duff makes it 2-0 to Fulham after 12 minutes
'I could not change that in this game so I was fairly pleased in the end, although we didn't play in my style in the second half.
'Of course defenders are used to that in the last couple of years and I think they did tremendously well in that aspect.'
Fulham struggled to find an outlet after Pogrebnyak limped off in the 35th minute, even though replacement Alex Kacaniklic impressed on his debut.
Jol revealed the Russia international has injured his ankle and will find out more information on its severity in the coming days.
'Pavel went off with something to do with his former injury," he said.
'He twisted his ankle again so for us it is vital for us that he is back in the next couple of games.
'I think in the next one or two days we will find out more.
Change of fortune: Fulham's Pavel Pogrebnyak went off injured before half time
'He made a tackle on the touchline and he hurt himself.
'Pavel is a number nine and the only other player I have there is a very young player in [Marcello] Trotta.
'I had to make a decision and put Dempsey up front and give Alex his debut.
'I think he did well but it would have helped if he had scored the third one [when he hit the bar four minutes into the second half].'
Saturday's game left Norwich manager Paul Lambert feeling hard done by but also proud of his side's efforts.
Debut boy: Swedish midfielder Alex Kacaniklic made his first appearance for Fulham
'We should have got something,' he said. 'We were immense in that second half.
'You can't give teams a two-goal head-start. It is a mountain to climb from there but the response was absolutely terrific.
'We went about it and tried to retrieve the game and the second half I thought the lads were excellent.
Unlucky: Paul Lambert felt his side could have got something from the game
'They were poor goals to concede on our behalf. When you lose a goal really early it is the worst start you can get.
'There was another one not long after but after that, while we had given ourselves a lot to do, the performance in the second half especially was excellent.
'The great thing for me is that we never capitulated, which can happen when you lose two goals as early as that and being a young team.'
Fulham 2 Norwich 1: Dempsey and Duff on target to sink Canaries EXCLUSIVE: Games threat to football: London sides will have to play away
Riise buoyed by Fulham's performance in defeat at Old Trafford Pav eyes Fulham stay: Loan star Pogrebnyak sees future at Craven Cottage
Martin Jol frustrated despite Fulham win

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Close to Lotus Temple - Review of The Star Grand - TripAdvisor
Close to Lotus Temple - Review of The Star Grand
Search Asia›India›National Capital Territory of Delhi›New Delhi›New Delhi Specialty Lodging›Villas in New Delhi›The Star Grand
Ranked #208 of 909 Specialty Lodging in New Delhi
See the most recent reviews travelholic99
89 helpful votes “convenient & comfortable”
Liked — modern and clean room
Thank travelholic99 Report Ask travelholic99 about The Star Grand
Dutch first English first French first German first Italian first Japanese first Spanish first Any wdrefan
53 helpful votes “Clean, modern, nice hotel”
The hotel, located a bit off the beaten track, is a good find. The rooms are spacious, some with a balcony, some with a small greeting room. Flat screen TV, satellite and cable, clean modern bathrooms. Paper delivered to your door in the morning.The restaurant is decent, and they had room service at all hours. The hotel also has WiFi.I do, however, agree that the staff, though very pleasant, were not that helpful. When we asked for change for 100 rupee to leave a small tip at the breakfast buffet, we were told they had none, something I found hard to believe. More importantly, we wanted to buy a sim chip so that we could have a local telephone number to make and receive cell phone calls cheaply without paying the (very high) international rates. India requires that all non-residents provide their home address, as well as a local address. The cell phone companies all told us that hotels routinely sign the "local address" portion of the form for their guests, but this hotel refused, saying that we were only guests and did not live their permanently. When we pointed out that the form specifically says that it was seeking only a temporary address while we were in India, they continued to refuse to do so. We got the sim chip (invaluable to have in case of emergencies and hotel problems, or to contact your driver if you are lost) through other means.
Thank wdrefan Report Ask wdrefan about The Star Grand
34 helpful votes “Not so good service”
Spent 4 nights at the star grand villa in dec 2007.The furnishings are great and modern. The rooms are definitely of a high standard, and worth the money.Faults i found were as follows:The staff although friendly are not very helpful. Efforts to find out basic information like, average cost for taxi's etc were not forthcoming. On one incident, I asked them to organise a taxi for me, and they did so, citing all sorts of extra's costs that i would have to pay the driver in order for me to get to my destination. On speaking to my tour guide the next day, i found out i was very much ripped off. Normally i would expect the staff at the hotel to help and try ensure i am not ripped off. Additionally, i arrived at 02h30 after spending the evening out. The gate to the hotel was locked and i spent 30 minutes trying to get somebody from inside to open for me. Not cool.They say the kitchen is open 24hours. My attempt to get breakfast at 06h00 was unsuccessful.Lastly the location is bit out of the way, it will cost a fair price to see most of the sights of delhi from here.
Liked — Moden rooms
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This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. Travelers are raving about these New Delhi hotels Home@F37
Show Prices tripsandmore
12 helpful votes “disappointed in Delhi”
Our stay for 2 nights at the Star Grand Villa was part of a tour through Indus Travel in Canada, local offices Hi Tours. We had been told we would be in the Hans Plaza or City Park but ended up here instead - part of a pattern of hotel changes which suggested a "bait and switch" approach - the worst was in Pushkar(see my review). The Star Grand is a small out-of-the-way hotel with all rooms off a central stairway. While the room was spacious and the plumbing modern, noise was a big problem - first morning awakened at 4AM with loud kitchen noise(despite the early start they did not get the minimalist buffet of stale breads, boiled eggs, and rasam ready in time), the second at 5AM by a group checking out. The desk was unable to change any money. In my view this hotel was not as nice as either the reviews for Hans Plaza or City Park. See my Rajasthan page for more and photos.
Helpful? Thank tripsandmore Report Ask tripsandmore about The Star Grand
This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. Jasveer
The room was really nice, very high standard for the price. Enjoyed our stay very much, bed and pillows exceptionally comfortable.
Liked — The standard of furniture and comfort
Helpful? Thank Jasveer Report Ask Jasveer about The Star Grand
25 helpful votes “Plasent Suprise”
Friendly staff,comfortable room,tasty breakfast.Located ,in an ordinary part of the city.Ideal for an overnight stay reasonably close to the airport.
Helpful? Thank Burglar Report Ask Burglar about The Star Grand
#183 of 708 in New Delhi 32 reviews
#272 of 708 in New Delhi 49 reviews
#572 of 1,053 in New Delhi 21 reviews
Address: E-8, East Of Kailash | East of Kailash, New Delhi 110065, India Location:
Hotel Style: Ranked #208 of 909 Specialty Lodging in New Delhi
TripAdvisor is proud to partner with TripOnline SA, Booking.com, HotelQuickly, Priceline and Agoda so you can book your The Star Grand reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
Explore similar hotels The Athena Hotel 44 ReviewsShow Prices 1.0 miles The PI Suite, Delhi 32 ReviewsShow Prices 1.9 miles Treebo Conclave Riviera 20 ReviewsShow Prices 0.9 miles See all New Delhi hotels Browse nearby

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Patent US7425166 - Method of sealing glass substrates - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Advanced Patent Search | Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method of sealing a plurality of frame-like frit walls disposed between two substrates. The frit walls are arranged in rows and columns and divided into groups, each group being sealed by a separate laser beam. Several strategies are disclosed for the order in which the frit walls are heated and sealed...http://www.google.com/patents/US7425166?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7425166 - Method of sealing glass substratesPublication numberUS7425166 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/589,535Publication dateSep 16, 2008Filing dateOct 30, 2006Priority dateDec 6, 2005Fee statusPaidAlso published asEP1958229A2, US20070128965, WO2007067419A2, WO2007067419A3Publication number11589535, 589535, US 7425166 B2, US 7425166B2, US-B2-7425166, US7425166 B2, US7425166B2InventorsRonald Lee Burt, Stephan Lvovich Logunov, Robert Stephen Wagner, Aiyu ZhangOriginal AssigneeCorning IncorporatedExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (26), Referenced by (22), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod of sealing glass substratesUS 7425166 B2Abstract A method of sealing a plurality of frame-like frit walls disposed between two substrates. The frit walls are arranged in rows and columns and divided into groups, each group being sealed by a separate laser beam. Several strategies are disclosed for the order in which the frit walls are heated and sealed by a laser beam to optimize the efficiency of the sealing process.
a. providing a first substrate and a second substrate separated by a plurality of frit walls arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, each of the rows having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, and at least one display element disposed within an envelope defined by each frit wall and the first and second substrates;
b. impinging a laser beam on a start point on a first frit wall at the first end of the first row;
c. traversing the beam along the first frit wall from the start point on the first wall to a stop point on the first frit wall, the traversing passing the start point before reaching the stop point, thereby overlapping a portion of the first frit wall;
d. extinguishing the laser beam and indexing to a start point on an adjacent frit wall in the first row;
e. repeating steps b. through d. for each frit wall in the first row; and
wherein each step of traversing for each frit wall in the first row is in the same direction.
2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising indexing to a last frit wall at the second end of a second row adjacent the first row.
3. The method according to claim 1 further comprising indexing to a first frit wall at the first end of a second row adjacent the first row.
4. The method according to claim 2 further comprising traversing with the laser beam each frit wall in the second row in a direction opposite the traversing of the first row.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of frit walls are divided into a plurality of groups, each group of the plurality of groups being sealed by a separate laser beam.
6. The method according to claim 5 wherein the sealing for a first group of the plurality of groups is performed substantially simultaneously with the sealing for a second group of the plurality of groups.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the sealing for the plurality of groups is performed substantially simultaneously.
8. The method according to claim 5 wherein the number of frit walls in a first group of the plurality of groups is different from the number of frit walls in a second group of the plurality of groups.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the frit walls are sealed by a plurality of laser beams.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the plurality of laser beams are directed through a plurality of optical fibers.
11. The method according to claim 1 wherein the laser beam is directed by a galvometer.
12. The method according to claim 1 wherein the frit walls are sealed by a plurality of laser beams.
13. The method according to claim 12 wherein the plurality of laser beams are directed through a plurality of optical fibers.
14. A method of encapsulating a display element comprising:
a. providing a first substrate and a second substrate separated by a plurality of frit walls arranged in rows and columns, and at least one display element disposed within an envelope defined by each frit wall and the first and second substrates;
b. impinging a laser beam on a start point on a first frit wall in a first row;
c. traversing the beam along the first frit wall from the start point on the first wall to a stop point on the first frit wall;
wherein the laser beam does not overlap during the traversing for each frit wall.
15. The method according to claim 14 further comprising indexing to a first frit wall in a second row adjacent the first row.
16. The method according to claim 15 further comprising traversing with the laser beam each frit wall in the second row in a direction which is the same as the direction of traversing in the first row.
17. The method according to claim 14 wherein the plurality of frit walls are divided into a plurality of groups, each group frit walls being sealed by a separate laser beam.
18. The method according to claim 17 wherein the sealing for a first group of the plurality of groups is performed substantially simultaneously with the sealing for a second group of the plurality of groups.
19. The method according to claim 18 wherein the sealing for the plurality of groups is performed substantially simultaneously.
20. The method according to claim 17 wherein the number of frit walls in a first group of the plurality of groups is different from the number of frit walls in a second group of the plurality of groups. Description
This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. � 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/748,302 filed on Dec. 6, 2005, the content of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
This invention is directed to a method for encapsulating a plurality of display elements, such as are used for flat panel display devices, comprising common substrates.
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been the subject of considerable research in recent years because of their use, and potential use, in a wide variety of electroluminescent devices. For instance, a single OLED can be used in a discrete light emitting device or an array of OLEDs can be used in lighting or flat-panel display applications (e.g., OLED displays). OLED flat panel displays in particular are known to be very bright and to have good color contrast and wide viewing angle. It is well known that the life of the OLED display can be significantly increased if the electrodes and organic layers located therein are hermetically sealed from the ambient environment. However, OLED displays, and in particular the electrodes and organic layers located therein, are susceptible to degradation resulting from interaction with oxygen and moisture leaking into the OLED display from the ambient environment. Unfortunately, in the past it has been very difficult to develop a sealing process to hermetically seal the OLED display. Some of the factors that made it difficult to properly seal the OLED display are briefly mentioned below:
The hermetic seal should provide a barrier for oxygen (10−3 cc/m2/day) and water (10−6 g/m2/day). The size of the hermetic seal should be minimal (e.g., <2 mm) so it does not have an adverse effect on size of the OLED display. The temperature generated during the sealing process should not damage the materials (e.g., electrodes and organic layers) within the OLED display. For instance, the first pixels of OLEDs which are located about 1-2 mm from the seal in the OLED display should not be heated to more than 100� C. during the sealing process. The gases released during sealing process should not contaminate the materials within the OLED display. The hermetic seal should enable electrical connections (e.g., thin-film chromium electrodes) to enter the OLED display. One way to seal the OLED display is to form a hermetic seal by melting a low temperature frit doped with a material that is highly absorbent at a specific wavelength of light. For example, a high power laser may be used to heat and soften the frit which forms a hermetic seal between a first substrate with the frit located thereon and a second substrate with OLEDs located thereon.
To manufacture display devices in an efficient and economical manner, it is typical that multiple display devices be assembled between substrates, and then separated after assembly and sealing has taken place. There can be, for example, several hundred individual display devices assembled between common substrates. Sealing multiple display devices complicates the sealing process. Not only must each individual display element, or device, meet the foregoing requirements, but the individual display elements must be sealed so as to minimize manufacturing complexity and time.
SUMMARY Briefly described, an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of:
b. impinging a laser beam from a beam source on a start point on a first frit wall in a first row;
e. repeating steps b. through d. for each frit wall in the first row; and wherein each step of traversing for each frit wall in the first row is in the same direction.
In another embodiment, a method of encapsulating a display element is disclosed which comprises:
wherein the laser beam does not overlap during the traversing for each frit wall
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross sectional side view of a display device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the first substrate of FIG. 2 showing the frit deposited in the shape of a frame or encircling border.
FIG. 4 is a top view of a portion of the device of FIG. 1 showing the position of the laser and laser beam during the sealing operation.
FIG. 5 is a top down view of an array of display elements disposed between common substrates, the display elements comprising a plurality of frit walls arranged in rows and columns, divided into several regions for sealing by separate lasers, and showing the sealing pattern for each element in turn.
FIG. 6 is top down view of a region of FIG. 5 showing a sealing pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a top down view of a region of FIG. 5 showing another sealing pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a top down view of a region of FIG. 5 showing another sealing pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a top down view of a display structure comprising a plurality of frit walls arranged in rows and columns, divided into several regions for sealing by separate lasers, and showing the sealing patterns, and wherein the regions have an unequal number of frit walls
FIG. 10 is a top down view of a large display structure comprising a plurality of frit walls arranged in rows and columns, divided into a large number of regions for sealing by separate lasers.
FIG. 11 is a diagram of an apparatus for delivering multiple laser beams for sealing.
Although the sealing techniques of the present invention are described below with respect to manufacturing a plurality of hermetically sealed organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays between common substrates, it should be understood that the same or similar sealing techniques can be used to seal two glass plates to one another to form a structure that can be used in a wide variety of applications. Accordingly, the sealing techniques of the present invention should not be construed in a limited manner.
Referring to FIG. 1, a cross-sectional side view of a single organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown, generally designated by reference numeral 10, comprising first substrate 12, frit 14, second substrate 16, at least one OLED element 18 and at least one electrode 20 in electrical contact with the OLED element. Typically, OLED element 18 is in electrical contact with an anode electrode and a cathode electrode. As used herein, electrode 20 in FIG. 1 represents either electrode. Although only a single OLED element is shown for simplicity, display device 10 may have many OLED elements disposed therein. The typical OLED element 18 includes one or more organic layers (not shown) and anode/cathode electrodes. However, it should be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that any known OLED element 18 or future OLED element 18 can be used in display device 10. In addition, it should be appreciated that another type of thin film device can be deposited besides OLED element 18. For example, thin film sensors may be fabricated using the present invention.
First substrate 12 may be a transparent glass plate like the ones manufactured and sold by Corning Incorporated under the brand names of Code 1737 glass or Eagle 2000� glass. Alternatively, first substrate 12 can be any transparent glass plate such as, for example, the ones manufactured and sold by Asahi Glass Co. (e.g., OA10 glass and OA21 glass), Nippon Electric Glass Co., NHTechno and Samsung Corning Precision Glass Co. Second substrate 16 may be the same glass substrate as first substrate 12, or second substrate 16 may be a non-transparent substrate.
As shown in FIGS. 2-3, prior to sealing first substrate 12 to second substrate 16, frit 14 is deposited on first substrate 12, typically as a line of a frit paste comprising a glass powder, a binder (usually organic) and/or a liquid vehicle. Frit 14 can be applied to first substrate 12, for example, by screen-printing or by a programmable auger robot which provides a well-shaped pattern on first substrate 12. For example, frit 14 can be placed approximately 1 mm away from the free edges 13 of first substrate 12, and is typically deposited in the shape of a closed frame or wall. By frame what is meant is an enclosing border of frit which, when the substrates are joined, will encircle or surround an OLED element, similar to a picture frame. In a preferred embodiment, frit 14 is a low temperature glass frit that has a substantial optical absorption cross-section at a predetermined wavelength which matches or substantially matches the operating wavelength of a laser used in the sealing process. Frit 14 may, for example, contain one or more light absorbing ions chosen from the group including iron, copper, vanadium, neodymium and combinations thereof (for example). Frit 14 may also be doped with a filler (e.g., an inversion filler or an additive filler) which changes the coefficient of thermal expansion of frit 14 so that it matches or substantially matches the coefficient of thermal expansions of substrates 12 and 16. For a more detailed description regarding exemplary frit compositions that may be used in this application, reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 6,998,776 entitled �Glass Package that is Hermetically Sealed with a Frit and Method of Fabrication�, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
After frit 14 is pre-sintered, it can be ground, if necessary, so that the height variation along the frit line does not exceed about 2-4 μm, with a typical target height h which can be 10 μm to greater than 30 μm, depending on the application for device 10; however, more typically height h is about 12-15 μm. If the height variation is larger, a gap which may be formed between the frit and substrate 16 when substrates 12 and 16 are joined may not close when frit 12 melts during laser sealing to a second substrate, or the gap may introduce stresses which can crack the substrates, particularly during cooling of the frit and/or substrates. An adequate but not overly thick frit height h allows the substrates to be sealed from the backside of first substrate 12. If frit 14 is too thin it does not leave enough material to absorb the laser radiation, resulting in failure. If frit 14 is too thick it will be able to absorb enough energy at the first surface to melt, but will prevent the necessary energy needed to melt the frit from reaching the region of the frit proximate secondary substrate 16. This usually results in poor or spotty bonding of the two glass substrates.
The sealing process includes placing first substrate 12, with frit 14, on top of second substrate 16, with one or more OLEDs 18 and one or more electrodes 20 deposited on the second substrate 16, in such a manner that frit 14, the one or more OLEDs 18, and electrodes 20 are sandwiched between the two substrates 12 and 16 separated by frit 14. Mild pressure can be applied to substrates 12 and 16 to keep them in contact with frit 14 during the sealing process. As shown in FIG. 4, laser 22 directs laser beam 24 onto frit 14 through first substrate 12 and heats frit 14 such that frit 14 melts and forms a hermetic seal which connects and bonds substrate 12 to substrate 16. The hermetic seal also protects OLEDs 18 by preventing oxygen and moisture in the ambient environment from entering into OLED display 10.
One method of conveying laser beam 24 relative to frit 14 is by passing the laser beam through an optical fiber. Beneficially, such techniques do not require direct line of sight between the laser and device 10. Another approach is to reflect the laser beam from one or more galvometer-positioned reflectors (e.g. mirrors) onto the frit. Galvometer positioned reflectors allow the beam to be easily directed along the frit line without having to move the bulky and electrically tethered laser. Modifying optics, such as telecentric lenses, may be required to maintain a constant beam diameter as the beam length between the laser and the frit changes. The resulting hermetic seal should:
provide a barrier for oxygen (10−3 cc/m2/day) and water (10−6 g/m2 day); be minimal in size (e.g., <2 mm) so it does not have an adverse effect on size of the OLED display; not require temperatures during the sealing process which might damage the materials (e.g., electrodes and organic layers) within the OLED display. For instance, the first pixels of OLEDs which are located about 1-2 mm from the seal in the OLED display should not be heated to more than 100� C. during the sealing process; not contaminate the materials within the OLED display during the formation thereof; enable electrical connections (e.g., thin-film chromium electrodes) to enter the OLED display. As will be apparent to the skilled artisan, to promote efficient fabrication through economies of scale, substrates 12 and 16 may be common substrates and enclose a plurality of individual display elements, each display element comprising a frit wall and a plurality of OLED elements. Each display element, when separated from the parent, joined substrates, will form an individual display device 10. For example, substrates 12 and 16 may comprise hundreds of display elements, each display element, when separated from the parent structure, may form a display in a cell phone, for example. Of course, the need to hermetically seal large numbers of individual display elements between common substrates demands an efficient sealing process if the economies associated with simultaneous assembly are to be realized.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a sealing method is disclosed wherein a plurality of laser beams are used to seal a plurality of display elements in an efficient manner. Preferably, the display elements are arranged in an array comprising rows and columns. In the present exemplary embodiment, two lasers are used to seal the array of display elements. The embodiment is best illustrated in FIG. 5 showing a top-down diagram of the sealing method for a display structure 23 comprising a plurality of individual display elements disposed between common substrates 12 and 16, each individual display element comprising a wall of frit, wherein a first laser beam 24 is traversed from one display element to another display element in a prescribed pattern. In the figure, each individual frit pattern is designated by a number, e.g. 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, etc., and will be referred to hereinafter as a cell. The first number in the designation is a sealing pattern number, whereas the second number is the cell number. Thus, 1-1 represents the first cell of the first pattern, 1-2 represents the second cell of the first pattern, and 2-14 represents the 14th cell of the second pattern. Two sealing patterns 30, 32 are depicted in FIG. 5, each sealing pattern represented as a zig-zag pattern of arrows. Thus, the large display structure 23 comprises a plurality of cells shown segmented into two regions, 26, 28 (shown as a white region and a shaded region, respectively), each region being sealed with a laser beam dedicated to that specific region. Each region 26, 28 preferably contains a number of individual cells equal to the other region. The duty time for each laser as it traces its respective pattern is preferably the same, assuming the same start time, stop time and traverse rate, therefore making efficient use of the lasers. Duty time, as used herein, refers to the �on� period of the laser. Thus, if the two lasers begin the sealing operation at the same time, they will, ideally, complete the sealing operation at the same time. Note that FIG. 5 does not indicate a sealing route for each individual cell, i.e. the pattern traced by the respective laser beams as they heat the frit, only the route traced by the respective laser beam as it moves from one cell to another cell. In the orientation indicated in FIG. 5, sealing of individual cells is accomplished in a row-wise manner, wherein the laser beam seals the frit for each cell progressively across a row. At the completion of the sealing operation for a row, the beam moves �down� the last column in the row sequence to the next adjacent row, and begins the sealing process for cells across the new row in a direction opposite the previous direction. It should be apparent that at the completion of the sealing process for a first row, the laser beam could just as easily move �up�, if the sealing operation began at a center row for example. To that end, the terms �up�, �down� and other directional references, unless otherwise indicated, are with respect to the figures and for descriptive purposes only. Again, movement of the laser beam from cell to cell is indicated by the arrows shown by references 30 and 32. Also, FIG. 5 illustrates each cell as being immediately adjacent and to and in contact with its nearest neighbors. In practice, individual cells are disposed apart from one another in order to facilitate separation into individual display devices.
FIG. 6 diagrammatically illustrates a portion of the sealing method depicted in FIG. 5 showing the sealing pattern used for each cell (i.e. each wall of frit 14). Note that FIG. 6 uses cell designations similar to FIG. 5. In the sealing method shown in FIG. 6, the laser beam changes direction in its traverse about each cell at each new and sequential row. That is, as indicated by the dashed arrows, the laser beam moves from left to right in the figure, and traces a clockwise path for each cell in the first (top) row. When beam 24 reaches the last column of the row (at the extreme right), the beam position is first moved (indexed) to the next adjacent row, and then traces a counterclockwise rotation about each cell in the second row. This method increases the efficiency of the process by matching the direction of the laser as it moves from cell to cell within a row, to the laser start direction as it traverses each individual cell. The laser indexes from cell to cell in FIG. 6, wherein the indexing refers to movement of the laser beam from one cell to the next cell. Preferably, the laser is off during the indexing period. Thus, Xindex, Yindex and XYindex refer, respectively, to the movement of the beam in the x-direction (horizontal, or row-wise) between cells when the laser is also preferably off, movement of the beam in the y direction (vertical or column-wise) between cells when the laser is preferably off, and movement in both X and Y directions between cells when the laser is preferably off.
The method depicted in FIG. 6 uses the shortest amount of non-sealing (indexing) movement of the laser beam as it moves from cell to cell and row to row. Also, the laser retraces a path over the initial leg of the pattern for each cell in each row, thereby helping to reduce stress in the sealed device by reheating at least a portion of the device at the frit seal. For example, each individual cell in FIG. 6 consists of a substantially rectangular shape with rounded corners. Note that if the laser begins sealing of the upper left cell (cell 1-1) at the upper left �corner� of the cell, and moves in a clockwise direction around the cell, it retraces the path indicated by the heavy arrow pointing from point S to point R and designated by reference numeral 25 over the upper most side of the cell before indexing to the second cell (cell 1-2) in the row. Point S represents an �on� position for the laser, while position R represents an �off� position. In this method, the beam once the beam is turned on at point �S�, it completes traces around the frit, and overlaps between points �S� and �R� before turning off at the second passing of �R�
Another embodiment similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is illustrated in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, the laser beam does not overlap during an �on� cycle, but instead indexes (moves with the laser off from one laser �on� point to another laser �on� point) from start point S of one cell to the start point S of the next cell (indicated by the small circle on each cell). In this embodiment, S represents both an �on� and an �off� position. Thus, the laser turns on in the upper right portion of the first, upper left cell (cell 1-1), traverses clockwise around the cell until the beam again reaches the first cell start point S, then turns off as the beam position is reoriented to the start point S in the second cell (cell 1-2). This pattern is repeated for each cell in the first row, after which the laser turns off while the beam position is traversed or reoriented from the last start-stop position S in the first row (cell 1-3 in the figure) and proceeds to the start-stop position in the first cell (cell 1-4) of the second row and repeats a pattern as described in above for the first (top) row. Note that each cell of each row is traversed in a clockwise rotation. Of course, if sealing was initiated in the opposite direction (e.g. starting from cell 1-3, moving from right to left), the foregoing directions would be reversed.
Shown in FIG. 8 is another embodiment of the present invention similar to that illustrated in FIG. 6, except that in FIG. 8, instead of indexing to the nearest adjacent cell of the next row at the completion of the first row of cells, the laser beam indexes diagonally to the first cell in the next adjacent row, i.e. to the cell in the second row farthest from the ending cell of the first row. Put another way, and referring to FIG. 8, the laser traverses the first row from left to right, from the first cell at the left to the last cell to the right. The beam then indexes to the first cell in the second row (at the extreme left in FIG. 8), and again traverses from left to right. Note that in the method shown in FIG. 8, the indexing distance between the last cell to be sealed in the first row and the first cell to be sealed in the second row is longer than that shown in the method of FIG. 6. Also, in the method of FIG. 8, the sealing direction for each cell is the same (e.g. clockwise), as opposed to reversing for every other row, as occurs in the method of FIG. 6.
Shown in FIG. 9 is yet another embodiment of the present invention wherein the two regions 26, 28 previously identified in FIG. 5 do not have an equal number of cells in each region. Thus, as depicted in FIG. 9, the second sealing laser completes the sealing of the cells in region 28, and is idle (laser off) during the time the remaining cells in the first region 26 are being sealed by the first laser. This embodiment, while acceptable, is not as efficient as the previous embodiment wherein the two lasers have equal duty times. FIG. 9 conforms to the previous depictions in that cells are referred to according to region and cell number, thus 1-1 is cell 1 of region 1, whereas 2-16 refers to cell 16 of region 2. Moreover, FIG. 9 is intended to show diagrammatically the general layout of the cells and regions, and not the specific individual positioning of individual cells.
FIG. 10 illustrates yet another strategy for very large display structure 23 having a large number of individual cells. As illustrated in FIG. 10, display structure 23 has been divided into 6 regions, each region having the same number of cells divided into rows and columns. Display structure 23 in FIG. 10 comprises 150 cells, six regions of 25 cells each. The cells of each region are sealed by a separate laser, in this example, six lasers. Although the method of FIG. 6 is implied by the cell numbering of FIG. 10, the method of FIGS. 7-8 could just as easily be applied to FIG. 10. As with FIG. 9, FIG. 10 conforms to the previous depictions in that cells are referred to according to region and cell number, thus 1-1 is cell 1 of region 1, whereas 6-25 refers to cell 25 of region 6. Moreover, FIG. 10 is intended to show diagrammatically the general layout of the cells and regions, and not the specific individual positioning of individual cells. That is, each cell in the figure is shown in contact with each adjacent cell. In practice, individual cells are spaced apart.
FIG. 11 illustrates a method for providing multiple sealing lasers for a display device which has been divided into a plurality of regions for sealing purposes. As depicted in FIG. 11, laser beam 24 has been focused by lens system 36 into the ends of a bundle of optical fibers 38. Each bundle may be further divided into separate sub-bundles 40. The output ends of the individual optical fibers of each sub-bundle 40 may thereafter be divided into a plurality of laser power delivery subsystems with the required power density for the sealing processes as described herein. External beam splitters are therefore not required in the setup depicted in FIG. 11, though beam splitters may be used as an alternative.
As an example of the application of the sealing methods described herein, consider an exemplary display structure corresponding to structure 23 having a rectangular shape with dimensions of 470�730 mm, and further comprising 150 frit frames (e.g. 150 cells) representing 150 individual display elements. Table 1 below lists various other structure parameters of the exemplary display structure.
TABLE 1 Frame width W, μm: 37.38 Frame length L, μm 41.54 Total laser path per display (no overlap) 168 mm Total laser path per substrate (no overlap) 25,175 mm Total laser path per display (with overlap) 209 mm Total laser path per substrate (with overlap) 31,405 mm Required tact time (between sealing starts) 4 min Chamber load/unload time per substrate 8 sec Laser-off time during index between display 1.5 sec elements (cells) The various parameters described in Table 1 are defined below and, where appropriate, shown in FIG. 2:
Frame width W: the width of the frit frame of an individual cell; Frame length L: the length of the frit frame of an individual cell; Total laser path per display (without overlap): the total path travered by the laser beam per cell without the beam having an overlapping path during the sealing, assuming a single beam Total laser path per substrate (without overlap): the total path traversed by a laser beam per substrate without the beam having an overlapping path, assuming a single beam Total laser path per display (with overlap): the total path travered by the laser beam per cell with the beam having an overlapping path during at least a portion of the sealing on a single cell, assuming a single beam Total laser path per substrate (with overlap): the total path traversed by a laser beam per substrate with the beam having an overlapping path during at least a portion of the sealing on a single cell, assuming a single beam Required tact time: Time required to complete sealing of individual cells on a substrate. Tact time extends from the first �on� condition of the laser for a given substrate, to the first �on� condition for a subsequent (next) substrate. This is assumed to be a given parameter. Chamber load/unload time per substrate: The time interval between the completion of sealing on a first substrate and the beginning of sealing on a subsequent substrate, and includes the time required to unload a substrate from a chamber for sealing and the time required to load a new substrate into the chamber for sealing. The period extends from the last laser �off� condition for a given substrate to the first laser �on� condition for a subsequent (next) substrate. This is assumed to be a given parameter. Laser off time during index between display elements (cells): the time interval between the time the laser completes sealing of a first cell and turns off, and the time the laser turns on and begins sealing of a subsequent (next) cell. This is assumed to be a given parameter. Based on the assumptions of Table 1, Table 2 below lists the required sealing speed for various laser head configurations, that is, for various numbers of laser beams traversing the frit patterns in accordance with the method of FIG. 6. Assuming the parameters provided in Table 1 above, the total path length required for a single laser/head with overlap along a single side of the cell is 31405 mm per substrate. Since the required minimum time for sealing the substrates (tact time) in this example is set by manufacturing needs to be no more than 4 minutes, it is clear that sealing speed for a single laser would need to be about 4486.5 mm/s, which is beyond current process capability. A reduced sealing speed of about 15 mm/s, from Table 2 would require 10 sealing heads. Increasing the laser sealing speed to about 67 mm/s would decrease the required number of sealing beams to 3. Thus, the foregoing example shows how one may trade off between the number of individual laser beams and the traverse speed of the laser beam to accomplish the sealing of a large number of individual cells comprising a plurality of display elements. Of course the achievable sealing speed is related, inter alia, to properties of the frit material (e.g. thermal conductivity) and its height, and these must also be considered.
No. laser
Laser �on�
required speed (mm/sec)
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and method of fabricating the sameUS20070170605Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Jong Woo LeeOrganic light emitting display and fabricating method of the sameUS20070170839Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Choi Dong SOrganic light-emitting display device with frit seal and reinforcing structureUS20070170845Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Dong Soo ChoiOrganic light emitting display deviceUS20070170846Jan 8, 2007Jul 26, 2007Choi Dong-SooOrganic light emitting display and method of fabricating the sameUS20070170849Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Park Jin-WooOrganic light emitting display device and method of fabricating the sameUS20070170850Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Choi Dong-SooOrganic light emitting display and method of fabricating the sameUS20070170854Aug 31, 2006Jul 26, 2007Won Kyu KwakOrganic light-emitting display deviceUS20070170855Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Choi Dong-SooOrganic light emitting display device and method of fabricating the sameUS20070170856Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007You Min ChaMethod of making electronic device with frit seal and frit sealing apparatusUS20070170859Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Dong Soo ChoiOrganic light emitting display and method of fabricating the sameUS20070170860Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Dong Soo ChoiOrganic light-emitting display device with frit seal and reinforcing structure bonded to frameUS20070170861Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Jong Woo LeeOrganic light-emitting display device and manufacturing method of the sameUS20070171637 *Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Dong Soo ChoiOrganic light emitting display device and manufacturing method thereofUS20070173167Sep 29, 2006Jul 26, 2007Young Seo ChoiOrganic light-emitting display device and method of fabricating the sameUS20070717637 Title not availableJP2001272683A * Title not availableKR20070083148A * Title not availableWO2007067384A2 *Nov 27, 2006Jun 14, 2007Corning IncHermetically sealed glass package and method of manufacture* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7821197Sep 29, 2006Oct 26, 2010Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Organic light emitting display and fabricating method of the sameUS7825594 *Sep 29, 2006Nov 2, 2010Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Organic light emitting display and fabricating method of the sameUS7834550Sep 29, 2006Nov 16, 2010Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Organic light emitting display and fabricating method of the sameUS7837530Sep 29, 2006Nov 23, 2010Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Method of sealing an organic light emitting display by means of a glass frit seal assemblyUS7944143Sep 29, 2006May 17, 2011Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Organic light-emitting display device with frit seal and reinforcing structure bonded to frameUS7981765 *May 4, 2009Jul 19, 2011Analog Devices, Inc.Substrate bonding with bonding material having rare earth metalUS8038495Sep 29, 2006Oct 18, 2011Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Organic light-emitting display device and manufacturing method of the sameUS8063561Sep 29, 2006Nov 22, 2011Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Organic light emitting display deviceUS8120249Sep 29, 2006Feb 21, 2012Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Organic light emitting display and method of fabricating the sameUS8125146Sep 29, 2006Feb 28, 2012Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Organic light emitting display having a second frit portion configured to melt more easily than a frit portionUS8164257Sep 29, 2006Apr 24, 2012Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Organic light emitting display and method of fabricating the sameUS8226448 *Dec 28, 2010Jul 24, 2012Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Laser beam irradiation apparatus for substrate sealing, and method of manufacturing organic light emitting display device by using the laser beam irradiation apparatusUS8293582 *Jun 15, 2011Oct 23, 2012Analog Devices, Inc.Method of substrate bonding with bonding material having rare Earth metalUS8299705Sep 29, 2006Oct 30, 2012Samsung Display Co., Ltd.Organic light emitting display device and manufacturing method thereofUS8304861Jun 15, 2011Nov 6, 2012Analog Devices, Inc.Substrate bonding with bonding material having rare earth metalUS8319355Dec 3, 2010Nov 27, 2012Au Optronics CorporationLight emitting deviceUS8415880Sep 29, 2006Apr 9, 2013Samsung Display Co., Ltd.Organic light-emitting display device with frit seal and reinforcing structureUS8440479Mar 30, 2010May 14, 2013Corning IncorporatedMethod for forming an organic light emitting diode deviceUS8491983 *Jun 29, 2011Jul 23, 2013Asahi Glass Company, LimitedGlass substrate for semiconductor device component and process for producing glass substrate for semiconductor device componentUS20110177746 *Dec 28, 2010Jul 21, 2011Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.Laser beam irradiation apparatus for substrate sealing, and method of manufacturing organic light emitting display device by using the laser beam irradiation apparatusUS20110244630 *Jun 15, 2011Oct 6, 2011Analog Devices, Inc.Method of Substrate Bonding with Bonding Material Having Rare Earth MetalUS20110256344 *Jun 29, 2011Oct 20, 2011Asahi Glass Company, LimitedGlass substrate for semiconductor device component and process for producing glass substrate for semiconductor device component* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification445/25, 219/121.65, 445/24, 156/272.8, 219/121.66, 156/272.2International ClassificationH01J9/00, H01J9/24Cooperative ClassificationH01L51/56, H01L51/5246European ClassificationH01L51/52C2CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 16, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Oct 30, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: CORNING INCORPORATED, NEW YORKFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BURT, RONALD LEE;LOGUNOV, STEPHAN LVOVICH;WAGNER, ROBERTSTEPHEN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:018477/0486;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060925 TO 20060927RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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Regatta Trentham Mens Navy Waterproof Breathable Hooded Jacket | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop bycategoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvancedDaily DealsCollectionsHi, (Sign in to bid or buy)My eBayExpand My eBaySellExpand SellCommunityExpand CommunityHelp & ContactExpand Help & ContactBasket
Details about Regatta Trentham Mens Navy Waterproof Breathable Hooded Jacket
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eBay item number:181225734158
22 Jul, 2014 10:11:48 BST View all revisions
Main Colour: Dark Denim
EAN: 5051513937883
RRP: £50.00 Our Price: £11.00 Description
Regatta Trentham Mens Jacket
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For Returns for Refund:Simply package your item, make a note on the packing slip that you would like a refund and return it to us.
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Our Return Address: Returns DepartmentPortstewart Clothing Company 51 The Promenade PortstewartBT55 7AE
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Pay a maximum of £5.95 P&P on all eligible items from portstewart-clothing-company.
£1.45 P&P for each additional eligible item you buy from portstewart-clothing-company.
Estimated by Fri. 25 Jul. £7.55
Regatta Trentham Mens Navy Waterproof Breathable Hooded...
Buying Waterproof & Water-repellent Jackets & Trousers,
Mens Regatta Waterproof Jacket,
Ladies Regatta Waterproof Jacket 12,
Regatta Packaway Waterproof Jacket,
Regatta Isotex Waterproof Jacket

value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text: ScoutTV: 1-on-1 With Rick Ray, Feb 17, 2014Gene Swindoll02/17/2014ScoutTV: Mississippi State men's basketball head coach Rick Ray talks one-on-one with Gene's Page, February 17, 2014.

value: This website is an integrated sports publishing company that produces Internet content covering hundreds of professional and college teams across America. The company was founded in 2001 and was acquired by Fox Sports in 2005.