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Patent US5537881 - Fluid sampling device - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA fluid sampling device has an elongate tube formed substantially of polyphenylene sulfide. A top end fitting is formed to the top end of the tube and is configured for connection to a tether. A bottom end fitting is similarly formed to the bottom end of the tube and has a check valve formed therein...http://www.google.com/patents/US5537881?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5537881 - Fluid sampling deviceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5537881 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/490,806Publication dateJul 23, 1996Filing dateJun 16, 1995Priority dateJun 16, 1995Fee statusLapsedPublication number08490806, 490806, US 5537881 A, US 5537881A, US-A-5537881, US5537881 A, US5537881AInventorsMoreno J. WhiteOriginal AssigneeSparta, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (8), Classifications (4), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetFluid sampling device
US 5537881 AAbstract
A fluid sampling device has an elongate tube formed substantially of polyphenylene sulfide. A top end fitting is formed to the top end of the tube and is configured for connection to a tether. A bottom end fitting is similarly formed to the bottom end of the tube and has a check valve formed therein for allowing fluid to flow therethrough into the tube when the fluid sampling device is lowered into a fluid and for inhibiting fluid flow therethrough out of the tube when the tube is being raised and handled. The tube, top end fitting, bottom end fitting, and check valve are all formed of an inert material so as to maintain the integrity of the fluid sample collected. The use of polyphenylene sulfide provides a lightweight fluid sampling device which is durable enough to resist damage during routine handling and use.
1. A fluid sampling device comprising:a) an elongate tube having top and bottom ends, said tube comprised substantially of an extruded glass/polyphenylene sulfide inner tube and a carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape outer layer; b) a top end fitting formed to the tope end of said tube and configured for attachment to a tether, said top end fitting comprised of a substantially inert material; c) a bottom end fitting formed to the bottom end of said tube, said bottom end fitting comprised of substantially inert material; d) a check valve formed within said bottom end fitting, said check valve allowing fluid flow therethrough into said tube and inhibiting fluid flow therethrough out of said tube, said check valve comprised of substantially inert material; and e) wherein forming said tube, said top end fitting, said bottom end fitting, and said check valve of substantially inert material facilitates improved fluid sample integrity and wherein forming said tube substantially of polyphenylene sulfide reduces the weight thereof. 2. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 1 wherein said inner tube is comprised of chopped glass reinforced polyphenylene sulfide.
3. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 2 wherein said chopped glass reinforced polyphenylene sulfide inner tube defines a mandrel about which multiple layers of carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape are wrapped.
4. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 1 wherein said top and bottom end fittings comprise at least one of Teflon/glass, polymer, and stainless steel.
5. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 1 wherein:a) said tube comprises threads formed at the top and bottom ends thereof; b) said top end fitting comprises threads complimentary to those formed at the top end of said tube to facilitate attachment of said top end fitting to said tube; and c) said bottom end fitting comprises threads complimentary to those formed at the bottom end of said tube to facilitate attachment of said bottom end fitting to said tube. 6. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 5 wherein said threads formed at the top and bottom ends of said tube and said threads formed upon said top and bottom end fittings, comprise rolled threads.
7. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 1 wherein said top end fitting comprises at least one of an eyelet and a hook.
8. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 1 wherein said top end fitting comprises both an eyelet and a hook.
9. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 1 wherein said top end fitting is configured to function as a pour spout.
10. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 1 wherein said check valve comprises:a) a ball movably disposed within said bottom end fitting; b) a valve seat formed within said bottom end fitting; c) a stop formed within said bottom end fitting so as to capture said ball therein; and d) wherein said ball moves away from said seat when said fluid sampling device is lowered to allow fluid to flow into said tube and said ball abuts said seat when said fluid sampling device is raised to inhibit fluid from flowing out of said tube. 11. The fluid sampling device as recited in claim 10 wherein said stop comprises a rod extending radially through said bottom end fitting.
12. A fluid sampling device formed by a process comprising the steps of:a) providing an elongate tube having top and bottom ends, said tube comprised substantially of an extruded glass/polyphenylene sulfide inner tube and a carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape outer layer; b) forming a top end fitting to the tope end of said tube, said tope end fitting comprised of a substantially inert material; c) forming a bottom end fitting tot he bottom end of said tube, said bottom end fitting comprised of a substantially inert material; and d) forming a check valve within said bottom end fitting, said check valve allowing fluid flow therethrough into said tube and inhibiting fluid flow therethrough out of said tube, said check valve comprised of a substantially inert material. 13. A process for forming a fluid sampling device, said process comprising the steps of:a) providing an elongate tube having top and bottom ends, said tube comprised substantially of an extruded glass/polyphenylene sulfide inner tube and a carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape outer layer; b) forming a top end fitting to the tope end of said tube, said top end fitting comprised of a substantially inert material; c) forming a bottom end fitting to the bottom end of said tube, said bottom end fitting comprised of a substantially inert material; and d) forming a check valve within said bottom end fitting, said check valve allowing fluid flow therethrough into said tube and inhibiting fluid flow therethrough out of said tube, said check valve comprised of a substantially inert material. 14. The process as recited in claim 13 wherein said inner tube is comprised of chopped glass reinforced polyphenylene sulfide.
15. The process as recited in claim 14 wherein said chopped glass reinforced polyphenylene sulfide inner tube defines a mandrel about which multiple layers of carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape are wrapped.
16. The process as recited in claim 13 wherein the step of providing an elongate tube comprised substantially of polyphenylene sulfide comprises the steps of:a) wrapping carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape about an extruded glass/polyphenylene sulfide inner tube; b) heating the tape to a temperature above its melting point; and c) applying pressure to the tape to provide in-situ consolidation. 17. The process as recited in claim 16 wherein the tape is heated to a temperature above approximately 590� F.
18. The process as recited in claim 16 wherein the pressure applied to the tape is generally in excess of approximately 100 psi.
The present invention relates generally to sampling devices and more particularly to a fluid sampling device comprising an elongate tube formed of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) having a top end fitting configured for connection to a tether and having a bottom end fitting which has a check valve formed therein. The tube, top end fitting, bottom end fitting, and check valve are all formed of substantially inert material so as to facilitate enhanced fluid sample integrity. Forming the tube substantially of polyphenylene sulfide substantially reduces the weight of the sampling device.
Fluid sampling devices for the collection of fluid samples in wells, dump site drill holes, aquifer systems, and the like are well known. Such fluid sampling devices facilitate the analysis of collected fluid so as to determine the content of various contaminates and/or other specific constituents.
Two different types of prior art fluid sampling devices are currently utilized in such applications. The first of such prior art fluid sampling devices comprises a TEFLON (a registered trademark of Du Pont de Nemours, E. I., and Co., Inc.) tube with TEFLON/glass end fittings. The second utilizes a stainless steel tube with polymer or stainless steel end fittings.
The tube functions both as a collection device and as a container to hold the fluid sample after the sample has been collected and prior to pouring the sample fluid into a collection container.
A top end fitting serves as a pour spout to facilitate emptying of the device. An aperture is commonly formed in the top end fitting to facilitate the attachment of a drop line or tether which is used for lowering and raising the device.
Thus, contemporary fluid sampling devices are formed of comparatively inert materials, i.e., TEFLON, glass, stainless steel, or polymers, so as to reduce the likelihood of interaction between the materials of the fluid sampling device and the sampled fluid. It is desirable that the materials of the fluid sampling device neither add to nor modify the sample fluid constituents.
In this respect, TEFLON is more desirable than stainless steel. However, although TEFLON typically does not degrade due to environmental exposure, it is easily damaged by routine handling. Thus, although stainless steel is known to react with some of the constituents of the fluids to which it is exposed, stainless steel is frequently utilized in place of TEFLON because of its durability.
Additionally, stainless steel is considerably more heavy than TEFLON, thus further detracting from its desirability for such use. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, it is frequently necessary to hand carry such fluid sampling devices for substantial distances, particularly when sampling multiple sites within walking distance of one another.
As such, although the prior art has recognized to a limited extent the problem of obtaining fluid samples while maintaining the integrity thereof, the proposed solutions have, to date, been ineffective in providing a satisfactory remedy.
In view of the foregoing, it is clear that it would be beneficial to provide an improved fluid sampling device which is substantially inert to the sample constituents of the fluids to which it is exposed and which is light in weight, while also being durable enough to resist damage incurred from routine handling.
The present invention specifically addresses and alleviates the above-mentioned deficiencies associated with the prior art. More particularly, the present invention comprises a fluid sampling device comprising an elongate tube having top and bottom ends. The tube is comprised substantially of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). A top end fitting formed or attached to the top end of the tube is configured for connection to a drop line or tether. The top end fitting is comprised of a substantially inert material, such as TEFLON, glass, polymer, or stainless steel.
A bottom end fitting is formed or attached to the bottom end of the tube. The bottom end fitting is likewise comprised of a substantially inert material, such as TEFLON, glass, polymer, or stainless steel.
A check valve is formed within the bottom end fitting. The check valve allows fluid flow therethrough into the tube and inhibits fluid flow therethrough out of the tube. The check valve is likewise comprised of a substantially inert material, such as TEFLON, glass, polymer, or stainless steel.
Forming the tube, the top end fitting, the bottom end fitting, and the check valve of such a substantially inert material, i.e., polyphenylene sulfide facilitates improved sample integrity by inhibiting chemical interactions between the materials of which the fluid sampling device is comprised and the constituents of the fluid sample. Thus, improved accuracy and reliability of the analysis of the fluid sample is facilitated.
Forming the tube substantially of polyphenylene sulfide substantially reduces the weight of the fluid sampling device while facilitating the fabrication of a device which is sufficiently durable to resist damage due to routine handling and use thereof.
The tube preferably comprises fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide. More particularly, the tube preferably comprises an extruded glass/polyphenylene sulfide inner tube and a carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape outer layer.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, an extruded inner tube of chopped glass reinforced polyphenylene sulfide is used as a mandrel upon which multi-layer carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape is wrapped in an in-situ melt process such as that provided by Automated Dynamics Corp. of Schenectady, New York, and discussed in High Performance Composites, July/August, 1994, pp 29-32.
According to this process, carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape is wrapped around a mandrel. The tape is then heated above its melting point, typically above approximately 590� F. A compaction roller then provides in-situ consolidation by applying pressure to the tape, generally in excess of 100 psi.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tube is threaded at the top and bottom ends thereof and the top and bottom end fittings are threaded in a manner complimentary to the top and bottom ends of the tube so as to facilitate removable attachment thereto. Preferably, the threads formed at the top and bottom ends of the tube and the threads formed upon the top and bottom end fittings comprise rolled threads similar to those utilized on screw shells and lamp bases according to American Standand (Mogul 4TPI), so as to provide for easy attachment and removal of the top and bottom end fittings while maintaining an adequate fluid seal.
The top end fitting preferably comprises both an aperture or eyelet to which the drop line or tether is attachable and a hook which may be utilized to retrieve the fluid sampling device if the tether breaks. The top end fitting is also preferably configured to function as a pour spout.
The check valve preferably comprises a ball movably disposed within the bottom end fitting and a seat formed within the bottom end fitting upon which the ball rests so as to seal fluid within the tube. Thus, when the fluid sampling device is lowered through a fluid, viscous flow of the fluid through the bottom end fitting moves the ball away from the seat, thereby allowing fluid to flow into the tube. When the fluid sampling device is raised, viscous flow through the tube causes the ball to abut the seat, and the weight of the fluid maintains the ball against the seat, thereby inhibiting flow of the fluid through the bottom end fitting and check valve. Thus, the collected fluid is maintained within the tube while the tube is being raised.
A stop captures the ball within the bottom end fitting such that the ball is movable between a position abutting the seat wherein fluid flow is inhibited and a position spaced away from the seat wherein fluid flow is facilitated. The stop preferably comprises a rod which extends radially through the bottom end fitting so as to capture the ball within the bottom end fitting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various different types of stops, e.g., detents, spoons, bumps, protrusions, etc., are likewise suitable for limiting movement of the ball, as desired.
Additionally, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various different types of check valves, e.g., flap-type, pin and seat, etc., are likewise suitable for facilitating water flow into the tube through the bottom end fitting while preventing water flow out of the tube through the bottom end fitting.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the fluid sampling device of the present invention, having the top and bottom end fittings installed within the tube;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the fluid sampling device of FIG. 1 showing the top and bottom end fittings exploded away from the tube and also showing the ball and rod of the check valve exploded away from the bottom end fitting;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the top end fitting showing the threads for attaching to the top end of the tube and also showing the eyelet and hook thereof;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the bottom end fitting showing the threads thereof; and
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional side view of the fluid sampling device of the present invention, showing the ball and seat of the check valve.
The fluid sampling device of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1-5 which depict a presently preferred embodiment of the invention. Referring now to FIGS. 1-5, the fluid sampling device generally comprises an elongate tube 10 having top end 12 and bottom end 14 thereof. A top end fitting 16 is attached to the top end 12 of the tube 10. Similarly, a bottom end fitting 18 is attached to the bottom end 14 of the tube 10.
With particular reference to FIG. 2, the top end fitting 16 preferably comprises threads 20 and the top end 12 of the tube 10 preferably comprises complimentary threads 22 so as to facilitate attachment of the top end fitting 16 to the top end 12 of the tube 10. Similarly, the bottom end fitting 18 preferably comprises threads 39 and the bottom end 14 of the tube 10 preferably comprises complimentary threads 23 (as shown in FIG. 5) so as to facilitate attachment of the bottom end fitting 18 to the bottom end 14 of the tube 10. The threads 20 of the top end fitting 16, the threads 22 of the top end 12 of the tube 10, the threads 39 of the bottom end fitting 18, and the threads 23 of the bottom end 14 of the tube 10 all preferably comprise rolled threads, preferably similar to those utilized in screw shells and lamp bases according to American Standard (Mogul 4TPI) so as to facilitate smooth and easy threading of the top fitting 16 and bottom fitting 18 to the tube 10, even in the presence of substantial particulate matter, e.g., soil, such as is common in water-sampling applications. Such threads have been found to provide adequate sealings of the tube, particularly in combination with the shoulder configuration of the top 16 and bottom 18 end fittings, as discussed in detail below.
With particular reference to FIG. 5, a check valve formed within the lower end fitting 18 preferably comprises a ball 26, a seat 28, and a stop or rod 30, as discussed in further detail below.
The top end fitting 16 preferably further comprises an eyelet 32 for attaching a drop line or tether to the fluid sampling device and a hook 34 which facilitates retrieval of the fluid sampling device in the event of a tether breakage, as described in further detail below. As used herein, the term tether is defined to include rope, cord, string, thread, wire, chain, and any other elongate flexible member, material, or device which is suitable for raising and lowering the fluid sampling device.
The top end fitting 16 is preferably configured so as to function as a pour spout by further comprising opening 36 through which the fluid contained within the tube 10 can be poured into a collection container. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the opening 36 is formed upon both sides of the top end fitting 16. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various other configurations are similarly suitable for facilitating use of the top end fitting 16 as a pour spout. A bore 38 is formed through the top end fitting 16 so as to provide fluid communication between the opening 36 and the interior of the tube 10.
The bottom end fitting 18 comprises a bore 40 formed therethrough so as to provide fluid communication through the bottom end fitting 18 into the interior of tube 10. The lowermost portion of the bore 40 is tapered so as to define seat 28. The rod 30 extends through apertures 42 formed in the bottom end fitting 18 so as to capture the ball 26 therein.
When fluid pressure on the lower surface of the ball 26 is greater than fluid pressure on the upper surface of the ball 26, as during lowering of the fluid sampling device through a fluid, the ball 26 moves to an uppermost position wherein it contacts the rod 30 so as to allow fluid to flow into the tube 10. Conversely, when fluid pressure upon the upper surface of the ball 26 is greater than fluid pressure upon the lower surface of the ball 26, as when the fluid sampling device is being raised, then the ball 26 abuts the seat 28, thereby sealing the bore 40 of the bottom end fitting 18 and thus trapping the sampled fluid within the interior of tube 10.
When the top end fitting 16 and the bottom end fitting 18 are completely threaded into the tube 10, the shoulder 17 of the top end fitting 16 and the shoulder 19 of the bottom end fitting 18 abut corresponding shoulders 17 of the tube 10, so as to provide adequate fluid seal to maintain the sample fluid within the tube 10. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, an O-ring or other sealing device may be utilized to further enhance such sealing.
As discussed above, the tube is comprised substantially of polyphenylene sulfide and the top and bottom end fittings and the check valve are comprised of a substantially inert material, such as TEFLON, glass, polymer, or stainless steel. The tube preferably comprises fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide, preferably an extruded glass/polyphenylene sulfide inner tube, and a carbon/polyphenylene sulfide tape outer layer, as discussed above.
Having described the structure of the present invention, it may be beneficial to discuss the operation thereof in detail. To use the fluid sampling device of the present invention, a drop line or tether is attached thereto, preferably via eyelet 32 formed in the top end fitting 16.
The fluid sampling device is then lowered into a well, dump site drill hole, aquifer system, or other fluid containing structure or vessel via the tether 15. As the fluid sampling device is lowered, fluid pressure builds up upon the lower surface of the ball 26, thereby urging the ball 26 into an upper most position wherein the ball 26 is disposed away from seat 28 and may contact rod 30. In this position, the check valve defined by ball 26, seat 28, and rod 30 facilitates fluid flow through the bottom end fitting 18 and into the interior of tube 10 such that a fluid sample is collected.
The fluid sampling device is then raised via the tether 15. Raising the fluid sampling device causes fluid pressure to increase upon the upper surface of the ball 26 such that the ball 26 is urged downwardly into abutment with the seat 28 in a manner which seals fluid within the interior of tube 10.
After the fluid sampling device has been withdrawn from the well, dump site drill hole, aquifer system, or other fluid containing structure or vessel, then the fluid sample may then be poured from the tube 10 via the pour spout defined by the openings 36 formed in the top end fitting 16.
In the event that the tether 15 breaks, slips from the user's hand, becomes untied, or the fluid sampling device otherwise is not retrievable from the well, dump site drill hole, aqua system, etc. via the tether 15, then an attempt may be made to retrieve the fluid sampling device by catching the hook 34 thereof with a hook or loop formed at the lower end of a second tether.
It is understood that the exemplary fluid sampling device described herein and shown in the drawings represents only a presently preferred embodiment of the invention. Indeed, various modifications and additions may be made to such embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the tube 10 may be formed to have various cross sections other than the circular cross section illustrated. For example, the cross section of the tube 10 may alternatively be square, triangular, hexagonal, octagonal, etc. Additionally, various alternative configurations of the top and bottom end pieces are likewise contemplated.
Additionally, various alternative applications of the fluid sampling device of the present invention are contemplated. For example, the fluid sampling device may be utilized to sample fluids from fluid storage tanks such as those commonly utilized to store various petroleum products, mineral oil, vegetable oil, etc. Further, the fluid sampling device of the present invention may be utilized to collect samples from storm drains and sewers, as well as various natural bodies such as lakes, rivers, ponds, etc. Thus, these and other modifications and additions may be obvious to those skilled in the art and may be implemented to adapt the present invention for use in a variety of different applications.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2059629 *Apr 22, 1933Nov 3, 1936Grant JohnWell bailerUS4590810 *Jun 15, 1984May 27, 1986Hunkin Geoffrey GLiquid sample collector and method for obtaining samplesUS4625574 *Aug 26, 1985Dec 2, 1986Robbins Robert JLiquid sampling method and meansUS4781213 *Nov 16, 1987Nov 1, 1988Kilayko Enrique LBall check valveUS4883505 *Jul 22, 1988Nov 28, 1989Iit Research InstituteUtilizing gas-phase preconcentration interface systemsUS5341692 *Nov 12, 1991Aug 30, 1994Norton CompanyDevice for taking, preserving and transporting a fluid sample for analysisUS5442970 *Jun 23, 1994Aug 22, 1995Hutchins; Charles D.Water sampling device* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *Article from High Performance Composites Jul./Aug. 1994 edition, Tape Laying Precision Industrial Shafts by Debbie Stover, pp. 29 32.2Article from High-Performance Composites Jul./Aug. 1994 edition, Tape-Laying Precision Industrial Shafts by Debbie Stover, pp. 29-32.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5739440 *Feb 25, 1997Apr 14, 1998Environmental Remediation Equipment Inc.Method and device for removing hydrocarbons floating on waterUS5753831 *Mar 7, 1997May 19, 1998Mohs; Clifford E.Groundwater sampling device with a lift check valueUS5878813 *Feb 24, 1997Mar 9, 1999Ridgeway, Jr.; BillyApparatus and method for capturing and retrieving liquid sample using a weighed sampling deviceUS6581482Feb 16, 2001Jun 24, 2003Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V.Sampler for meltsUS6601889 *Oct 24, 2001Aug 5, 2003David W. PrattAir-tight bailer systemUS8001856Dec 15, 2004Aug 23, 2011Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V.Sampling deviceUS8141439Nov 16, 2009Mar 27, 2012Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V.Device for sampling metal meltsEP1126036A1 *Feb 14, 2001Aug 22, 2001Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V.Sampling probe for melts* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification73/864.63International ClassificationG01N1/12Cooperative ClassificationG01N1/12European ClassificationG01N1/12Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 19, 2000FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20000723Jul 23, 2000LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesFeb 15, 2000REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJun 15, 1995ASAssignmentOwner name: SPARTA, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WHITE, MORENO J.;REEL/FRAME:007584/0009Effective date: 19950602RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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RNase L controls terminal adipocyte differentiation, lipids storage and insulin sensitivity via CHOP10 mRNA regulation. - PubMed - NCBI
1 selected item: 22441668
Cell Death Differ. 2012 Sep;19(9):1470-81. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2012.23. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
RNase L controls terminal adipocyte differentiation, lipids storage and insulin sensitivity via CHOP10 mRNA regulation.
Fabre O1, Salehzada T, Lambert K, Boo Seok Y, Zhou A, Mercier J, Bisbal C.
U1046 Physiologie et médecine expérimentale du coeur et des muscles-INSERM-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.
Adipose tissue structure is altered during obesity, leading to deregulation of whole-body metabolism. Its function depends on its structure, in particular adipocytes number and differentiation stage. To better understand the mechanisms regulating adipogenesis, we have investigated the role of an endoribonuclease, endoribonuclease L (RNase L), using wild-type and RNase L-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (RNase L(-/-)-MEFs). Here, we identify C/EBP homologous protein 10 (CHOP10), a dominant negative member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family, as a specific RNase L target. We show that RNase L is associated with CHOP10 mRNA and regulates its stability. CHOP10 expression is conserved in RNase L(-/-)-MEFs, maintaining preadipocyte state while impairing their terminal differentiation. RNase L(-/-)-MEFs have decreased lipids storage capacity, insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. Expression of ectopic RNase L in RNase L(-/-)-MEFs triggers CHOP10 mRNA instability, allowing increased lipids storage, insulin response and glucose uptake. Similarly, downregulation of CHOP10 mRNA with CHOP10 siRNA in RNase L(-/-)-MEFs improves their differentiation in adipocyte. In vivo, aged RNase L(-)/(-) mice present an expanded adipose tissue, which, however, is unable to correctly store lipids, illustrated by ectopic lipids storage in the liver and in the kidney. These findings highlight RNase L as an essential regulator of adipogenesis via the regulation of CHOP10 mRNA.
PMC3422472
10.1038/cdd.2012.23
RNase L and RLI expression, viability and lipids accumulation in WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs. (A) WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs proteins were analyzed by western blot with antibodies against mouse RNase L and mouse RLI. α-tubulin antibody was used as an indicator of proteins quantity loading. (B) Cells viability was measured in WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs by measuring fluorescence emission at 615 nm of PrestoBlue reagent reduced by living cells. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments. (C) WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs were induced to differentiate in ADM. Cells were fixed and stained with oil red O to reveal lipids accumulation at day 0 (a and b) and after 6 days of differentiation (c–f). Cells were observed at a magnification of × 40 (a, b, e and f) or × 5 (c and d). Arrows in (c) indicate groups of differentiated cells observed at upper magnification in e. (D) After staining with oil red O, lipids were quantified in WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs at day 0 (ND) and day 6 after induction of adipocyte differentiation (D) by spectrophotometric analysis at 540 nm, following elution of cell retained oil red O with ethanol. The amount of lipids in WT-MEFs at day 0, was set to 100%. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments conducted in duplicate. **P=0.009 RNase L−/−-MEFs compared with WT-MEFs at day 6
Cell Death Differ. 2012 Sep;19(9):1470-1481.
RNase L deficiency impairs adipocyte functions. (A) WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs were induced to differentiate in ADM. Cells were fixed at day 6 after induction of adipocyte differentiation and then incubated with an antibody against aP2/Fabp4 (red; WT-MEFs, (a) and RNase L−/−-MEFs, (b) and perilipin (red; WT-MEFs, (c) and RNase L−/−-MEFs, (d)). DNA was stained with DAPI (blue). Cells were observed at a magnification of × 40. Arrow in (c) indicates perilipin surrounding lipid droplets. (B) Confluent WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs were induced to differentiate in ADM. mRNAs were extracted at confluence (C) and at days 3 (3d) and 6 (6d) after switch to ADM. Following RT and PCR amplification using specific primers (), PCR products were analyzed on 1.2% agarose gel. Pictures of the gels are shown. NE, non expressed. (C) After RT, mRNA expression was then measured by q-PCR. Sample data were analyzed according to the comparative cycle threshold method and were normalized by stable reference expression of EEF1α gene. For each mRNA, the level of expression at confluence was set at 100% in WT-MEFs allowing on one side a comparison between WT-MEFs (black bars) and RNase L−/−-MEFs (white bars) for each phase of the differentiation and, on the other side, a comparison between the different phases of the differentiation in each cell line. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments conducted in duplicate. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01 and §P≤0.001. (D) ROS level was measured by NBT reduction in WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs at confluence. Data are expressed relative to ROS level in WT-MEFs, which was set at 100%. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in three independent experiments conducted in duplicate. §P≤0.001 ROS level in RNase L−/−-MEFs compared with WT-MEFs
RNase L is associated with CHOP10 mRNP and specifically degrades CHOP10 mRNA. (a) CHOP10 mRNA interaction with RNase L was evaluated by RNPs immunoprecipitation in WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs. Upper panel represents western blot analysis with an antibody against RNase L of total cell extract (TE), and RNPs immunoprecipitated with no antibody (C), anti-α-tubulin antibody (T) or anti-RNase L antibody (R). Lower panel represents CHOP10 mRNA expression after RNAs extraction from RNPs immunoprecipitated with no antibody (C), anti-α-tubulin antibody (T) or anti-RNase L antibody (R) and after RT then q-PCR amplification with specific CHOP10 mRNA primers (). q-PCR products were analyzed on 1.2% agarose gel. Photographies of the gels are shown. RNPs immunoprecipitation in WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs, followed by western blot analysis, RT and q-PCR was realized on two independent experiments. (b) WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs were treated with actinomycin D, then cells were collected at the indicated time points and mRNAs were analyzed, after RT, by PCR amplification with specific primers of EEF1α and CHOP10. PCR products were analyzed on 1.2% agarose gel. Pictures of the gels are shown. (c) cDNAs obtained for analysis of mRNA stability after the actinomycin D treatment were then used for quantification by q-PCR. Sample data were analyzed according to the comparative cycle threshold method and were normalized by stable reference expression of EEF1α gene. Levels of CHOP10 mRNA expression were set at 100% at time 0 in WT-MEFs (⧫) and RNase L−/−-MEFs (□). Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments conducted in duplicate. *P≤0.05
Insulin response. (a) WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs were treated (+) or not (−) 10 min at 37 °C with insulin at confluence (ND) or after 6 days of differentiation (D). Total cellular extracts were analyzed by western blot with anti-P-Akt (Ser473), anti-Akt and anti-α-tubulin antibodies. (b) Protein bands shown in (a) were quantified with the ImageJ software. The levels of P-Akt (Ser473)/Akt were corrected with corresponding α-tubulin levels, used as indicator of proteins loading. P-Akt (Ser473)/Akt rate in WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs before insulin treatment was set at 1. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments conducted in duplicate. *P=0.024 P-Akt (Ser473)/Akt level after insulin treatment in differentiated RNase L−/−-MEFs compared with WT-MEFs. (c) Glucose uptake was measured in WT-MEFs and RNase L−/−-MEFs. Differentiated cells were incubated (+) or not (−) with insulin then medium was changed to DMEM without glucose and with 6-NBDG. After a 45-min incubation at 37 °C, fluorescence intensity of 6-NBDG was measured at 540 nm wavelength (465 nm excitation wavelength). Glucose uptake represents the ratio of fluorescence measured in basal condition (without insulin) and with insulin. Fluorescence values were normalized by cell number. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in three independent experiments conducted in duplicate. *P=0.011 insulin-stimulated glucose uptake level in differentiated RNase L−/−-MEFs compared with WT-MEFs
Ectopic expression of Hu-RNase L in RNase L−/−-MEFs. (a) Hu-RNase L expression was measured in V-RNase L−/−-MEFs (V-RNase L−/−) and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs (Hu-RNase L−/−) by western blot using a specific antibody against Hu-RNase L. (b) Confluent V-RNase L−/−-MEFs and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs were induced to differentiate in ADM. mRNAs were extracted at confluence (C) and at days 3 (3d) and 6 (6d) after switch to ADM. After RT and PCR amplification using specific primers (), PCR products were analyzed on 1.2% agarose gel. Pictures of the gels are shown. (c) After RT, mRNA expression was measured by q-PCR. Sample data were analyzed according to the comparative cycle threshold method and were normalized by stable reference expression of EEF1α gene. For each mRNA, the level of expression at confluence was set at 100% in V-RNase L−/−-MEFs, allowing on one side a comparison between V-RNase L−/−-MEFs (black bars) and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs (white bars) for each phase of the differentiation and, on the other side, a comparison between the different phases of the differentiation in each cell line. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments conducted in duplicate. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01 and §P≤0.001. (d) At confluence, V-RNase L−/−-MEFs and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs were treated with actinomycin D, then cells were collected at the indicated time points and mRNA expression was quantified, after RT, by q-PCR. Sample data were analyzed according to the comparative cycle threshold method and were normalized by stable reference expression of EEF1α gene. Levels of CHOP10 mRNA expression were set at 100% at time 0 in V-RNase L−/−-MEFs (⧫) and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs (□). Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments conducted in duplicate. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01. (e) ROS level was measured by NBT reduction in V-RNase L−/−-MEFs and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs at confluence. Data are expressed relative to ROS level in V-RNase L−/−-MEFs, which was set at 100%. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in three independent experiments conducted in duplicate. **P=0.002 ROS level in Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs compared with V-RNase L−/−-MEFs
Lipids accumulation and insulin response after re-introduction of RNase L expression in RNase L−/−-MEFs. (A) V-RNase L−/−-MEFs (a) and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs (b) were induced to differentiate in ADM. Cells were fixed and stained with oil red O to reveal lipids accumulation after 6 days of differentiation. Cells were observed at a magnification of × 40. After staining, lipids were quantified by spectrophotometric analysis at 540 nm following elution of cell retained oil red O with ethanol. The amount of lipids in V-RNase L−/−-MEFs was set at 100%. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments conducted in duplicate. **P=0.005 lipids quantity in Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs compared with V-RNase L−/−-MEFs. (B) V-RNase L−/−-MEFs and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs were treated (+) or not (−) 10 min at 37 °C with insulin at confluence (ND) or after 6 days of differentiation (D). Total cellular extracts were analyzed by western blot with anti-P-Akt (Ser473), anti-Akt and anti-α-tubulin-specific antibodies. (C) Protein bands shown in (B) were quantified with the ImageJ software. The levels of P-Akt (Ser473)/Akt were corrected with corresponding α-tubulin levels, used as indicator of proteins loading. P-Akt (Ser473)/Akt rate in V-RNase L−/−-MEFs and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs before insulin treatment was set at 1. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments. *P=0.05 P-Akt (Ser473)/Akt level after insulin treatment in differentiated Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs compared with differentiated V-RNase L−/−-MEFs. (D) Glucose uptake was measured in V-RNase L−/−-MEFs and Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs after differentiation. Cells were incubated (+) or not (−) with insulin, then medium was changed to DMEM without glucose and 6-NBDG. After a 45-min incubation at 37 °C, fluorescence intensity of 6-NBDG was measured at 540 nm wavelength (465 nm excitation wavelength). Glucose uptake represents the ratio of fluorescence measured in basal condition (without insulin) and in the presence of insulin. Fluorescence values were normalized by cell number. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in three independent experiments conducted in duplicate. *P=0.028 insulin-stimulated glucose uptake level in differentiated Hu-RNase L−/−-MEFs compared with V-RNase L−/−-MEFs
Downregulation of CHOP10 mRNA with CHOP10 siRNA allows a better adipocyte differentiation of RNase L−/−-MEFs. (A) RNase L−/−-MEFs were transfected with a siCHOP or a siCT, then cells were collected and mRNAs were analyzed, after RT, by q-PCR with specific primers for CHOP10 or EEF1α (). PCR products were analyzed on 1.2% agarose gel. Photographies of the gels are shown. (B) Cells were stained with oil red O to reveal lipids accumulation after 6 days of differentiation. RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCT (a and c) and RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCHOP (b and d) were observed at a magnification of × 40. After staining with oil red O, lipids were quantified by spectrophotometric analysis at 540 nm following elution of cell retained oil red O with ethanol. (e) Quantification of lipids in RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCT or siCHOP, 6 days after induction of differentiation in ADM. The amount of lipids in RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCT was set at 100%. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments conducted in duplicate. **P=0.003 RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCHOP compared with RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCT. (C) RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCT or siCHOP were induced to differentiate during 6 days in ADM. Cells were fixed and then incubated with an antibody against perilipin (red; RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCT (a) and RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCHOP (b). DNA was stained with DAPI (blue). (D) RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCT or siCHOP were treated (+) or not (−) 10 min at 37 °C with insulin after 6 days of differentiation. Total cellular extracts were analyzed by western blot with anti-P-Akt (Ser473), anti-Akt and anti-α-tubulin-specific antibodies. (E) Protein bands shown in (D) were quantified with the ImageJ software. Levels of P-Akt (Ser473)/Akt were corrected with corresponding α-tubulin levels, used as indicator of proteins loading. P-Akt (Ser473)/Akt rate in RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCT or siCHOP before insulin treatment was set at 1. Error bars refer to the S.D. obtained in four independent experiments. NS, non statistically significant P-Akt (Ser473)/Akt level after insulin treatment in differentiated RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCHOP compared with differentiated RNase L−/−-MEFs transfected with siCT
RNase L−/− mice present impairments of adipogenesis. (A) Adipose tissue sections from male WT and RNase L−/− mice (a and b, respectively) and female WT and RNase L−/− mice (c and d, respectively) were stained with H&E. (e) Relative number of adipocytes from male and female WT (black bars) and RNase L−/− mice (white bars). Number of adipocytes from WT male mouse was set at 100%. §P≤0.001 number of adipocytes in male and female RNase L−/− mice compared with adipocytes number in male and female WT mice, respectively. (f) Average size of adipocytes from abdominal adipose tissue from male and female WT (black bars) and RNase L−/− mice (white bars). §P≤0.001 average size of adipocytes in male and female RNase L−/− mice compared with adipocytes size in male and female WT mice, respectively. (B) Eight pairs of age- and gender-matched WT and RNase L−/− mice were maintained for 18 months and fed with a chew diet. The average body weight was 65.8±5.9 g for RNase L−/− mice and 54.4±3.3 g for WT mice (P=0.056). (C) H&E staining of the liver (a and b) and kidney (c and d) sections from WT and RNase L−/− mice. (D) Scheme of potential role of RNase L during adipogenesis. In RNase L−/− mouse, CHOP10 expression is maintained after induction of differentiation. Consequently, clonal expansion of preadipocytes is more important in RNase L−/− mice that leads to an important adipose tissue development but with less differentiated adipocytes. These adipocytes are not able to stock correctly lipids as do WT mouse adipocytes

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Pikeville Medical Center - Wikipedia
911 Bypass Road, Pikeville, Kentucky, U.S.
37°28′11″N 82°31′18″W / 37.469823°N 82.521541°W / 37.469823; -82.521541Coordinates: 37°28′11″N 82°31′18″W / 37.469823°N 82.521541°W / 37.469823; -82.521541
Pikeville Medical Center (formerly known as Pikeville Methodist Hospital) is a 300-bed medical facility located in Pikeville, Kentucky. Pikeville Medical Center is a member of the Mayo Clinic Care Network.[1] [2]
Pikeville Medical Center treated its first patient on December 25, 1924. The original facility had 50 beds, but by May 1940, the hospital was expanded to a 90-bed facility. Pikeville's rapid growth called for another expansion in 1952, which brought the-bed capacity to 135.[3]
In 1955, the United Mine Workers of America built a second hospital in the city in order to treat its members. Shortly afterwards, the Methodist Hospital of Kentucky purchased the hospital. This structure, known as the Miners' Building, is the oldest section of Pikeville Medical Center.[3]
In 1957 and 1963 severe flooding devastated Pikeville and Pike County. The hospital not only treated patients with medical conditions, but provided shelter for flood victims who had become homeless.[3]
In 1971, it became apparent that Pikeville Medical Center needed to be expanded once again in order to adequately serve the residents of Eastern Kentucky. On Christmas Eve, 1971, the new 8 story Elliott Tower officially opened.[3]
Due to the lack of a comprehensive cancer center in Eastern Kentucky, the institution opened the Leonard Lawson Cancer Center in June 1996.[3] Today, it still remains one of the few comprehensive cancer centers in the eastern part of the state.
In 1998, May Tower was constructed at a cost of $75 million and was dedicated on December 18, 2000.[3]
Today, Pikeville Medical Center is the largest hospital in southeastern Kentucky. As of 2015, the hospital is 770,914 square feet (71,620.3 m2), is licensed for 300 beds, and has approximately 3,000 employees.
On February 12, 2010, Pikeville Medical Center received a $44.6 million loan from the federal government that permitted the construction of a new 11-story clinic and parking garage.[4] An opening ceremony for the 235,362 square feet (21,865.8 m2) clinic and 1,162 space parking structure was held on April 10, 2014.[5]
Services offered include cardiac, medical, surgical, pediatric, rehabilitative, cancer, neurological, pain care, wound care and home care. It is accredited through the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).[6]
^ http://www.mayoclinic.org/care-network/members.html
^ http://medicalleader.org/pmc_news.html?id=8676&section=PMC%20News
^ a b c d e f History of Pikeville Medical Center Retrieved on 2010-3-6
^ Hjalmarson, Dori (February 17, 2010). "Pikeville Medical Center gets $44.6 million loan from stimulus.". Lexington Herald-Leader. Retrieved 2010-03-06. ^ "Pikeville Medical opens new clinic, parking". The Herald-Dispatch. 2014-04-11. Retrieved 2014-06-04. ^ Services of PMC Retrieved on 2010-3-6
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikeville_Medical_Center&oldid=742247443"	Categories: Hospital buildings completed in 1924Hospital buildings completed in 1940Hospital buildings completed in 1952Hospitals in KentuckyBuildings and structures in Pike County, KentuckyHospitals established in 1924Hidden categories: Coordinates on Wikidata	Navigation menu
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Lillian Wald of Henry Street (Book, 1983) [WorldCat.org]
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8907169 Title: Lillian Wald of Henry Street Author: Beatrice Siegel Publisher: New York : London : Macmillan ; Collier Macmillan, ©1983. ISBN/ISSN: 0027826309 9780027826302 OCLC:8907169
Social reformers -- New York (State) -- New York -- Biography -- Juvenile literature.
Find more information about: Beatrice Siegel
0027826309 9780027826302
8907169
192 pages, 24 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations ; 25 cm
by Beatrice Siegel.
Add tags for "Lillian Wald of Henry Street". Be the first.
Public health nurses -- New York (State) -- New York -- Biography -- Juvenile literature.
<http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8907169<\/a>> # Lillian Wald of Henry Street<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Book<\/a>, schema:CreativeWork<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nlibrary:oclcnum<\/a> \"8907169<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nlibrary:placeOfPublication<\/a> <http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/resource\/New_York_City<\/a>> ; # New York<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nlibrary:placeOfPublication<\/a> <http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/resource\/London<\/a>> ; # London<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nlibrary:placeOfPublication<\/a> <http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/countries\/nyu<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/131383854<\/a>> ; # Henry Street Settlement (New York, N.Y.)<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/social_reformers<\/a>> ; # Social reformers<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/subjects\/sj96006050<\/a>> ; # Reformers<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/public_health_nurses_new_york_state_new_york<\/a>> ; # Public health nurses--New York (State)--New York<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/social_reformers_new_york_state_new_york<\/a>> ; # Social reformers--New York (State)--New York<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/subjects\/sh85093349<\/a>> ; # Nurses<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Place\/united_states<\/a>> ; # United States.<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Place\/new_york_state_new_york<\/a>> ; # New York (State)--New York.<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/public_health_history<\/a>> ; # Public Health--history<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/35255008<\/a>> ; # Lillian D. Wald<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/public_health_nursing<\/a>> ; # Public Health Nursing<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/public_health_nurses<\/a>> ; # Public health nurses<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Organization\/henry_street_settlement_new_york_n_y<\/a>> ; # Henry Street Settlement (New York, N.Y.)<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Person\/wald_lillian_d_1867_1940<\/a>> ; # Lillian D. Wald<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/dewey.info\/class\/362.50924\/e19\/<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:audience<\/a> <http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/-\/oclc\/8907169#Audience<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:bookFormat<\/a> bgn:PrintBook<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:copyrightYear<\/a> \"1983<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:creator<\/a> <http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/18498139<\/a>> ; # Beatrice Siegel<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:datePublished<\/a> \"1983<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:description<\/a> \"A biography of an urban pioneer who evolved new concepts of public health, led the movement for peace, and pressed government to assume responsibility for the economic well-being of its citizens.<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:exampleOfWork<\/a> <http:\/\/worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/id\/4541192049<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:genre<\/a> \"Juvenile works<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:genre<\/a> \"Biography<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:genre<\/a> \"Biographies<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:genre<\/a> \"Literature<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:inLanguage<\/a> \"en<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Lillian Wald of Henry Street<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:productID<\/a> \"8907169<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:publication<\/a> <http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/-\/oclc\/8907169#PublicationEvent\/new_york_macmillan_london_collier_macmillan_1983<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:publisher<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Agent\/macmillan<\/a>> ; # Macmillan<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:publisher<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Agent\/collier_macmillan<\/a>> ; # Collier Macmillan<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:workExample<\/a> <http:\/\/worldcat.org\/isbn\/9780027826302<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nwdrs:describedby<\/a> <http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/-\/oclc\/8907169<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n
<http:\/\/dewey.info\/class\/362.50924\/e19\/<\/a>>\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Intangible<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Agent\/collier_macmillan<\/a>> # Collier Macmillan<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nbgn:Agent<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Collier Macmillan<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Agent\/macmillan<\/a>> # Macmillan<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nbgn:Agent<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Macmillan<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Organization\/henry_street_settlement_new_york_n_y<\/a>> # Henry Street Settlement (New York, N.Y.)<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Organization<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Henry Street Settlement (New York, N.Y.)<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Person\/wald_lillian_d_1867_1940<\/a>> # Lillian D. Wald<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Person<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:birthDate<\/a> \"1867<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:deathDate<\/a> \"1940<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:familyName<\/a> \"Wald<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:givenName<\/a> \"Lillian D.<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Lillian D. Wald<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Place\/new_york_state_new_york<\/a>> # New York (State)--New York.<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Place<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"New York (State)--New York.<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Place\/united_states<\/a>> # United States.<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Place<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"United States.<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/public_health_history<\/a>> # Public Health--history<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Intangible<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Public Health--history<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/public_health_nurses<\/a>> # Public health nurses<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Intangible<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Public health nurses<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/public_health_nurses_new_york_state_new_york<\/a>> # Public health nurses--New York (State)--New York<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Intangible<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:hasPart<\/a> <http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/subjects\/sh85108661<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Public health nurses--New York (State)--New York<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/public_health_nursing<\/a>> # Public Health Nursing<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Intangible<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Public Health Nursing<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/social_reformers<\/a>> # Social reformers<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Intangible<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Social reformers<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Topic\/social_reformers_new_york_state_new_york<\/a>> # Social reformers--New York (State)--New York<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Intangible<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:hasPart<\/a> <http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/subjects\/sh85123997<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Social reformers--New York (State)--New York<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/subjects\/sh85093349<\/a>> # Nurses<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Intangible<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Nurses<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/subjects\/sj96006050<\/a>> # Reformers<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Intangible<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Reformers<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/131383854<\/a>> # Henry Street Settlement (New York, N.Y.)<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Organization<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Henry Street Settlement (New York, N.Y.)<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/18498139<\/a>> # Beatrice Siegel<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Person<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:familyName<\/a> \"Siegel<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:givenName<\/a> \"Beatrice<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Beatrice Siegel<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/35255008<\/a>> # Lillian D. Wald<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:Person<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:birthDate<\/a> \"1867<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:deathDate<\/a> \"1940<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:familyName<\/a> \"Wald<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:givenName<\/a> \"Lillian D.<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:name<\/a> \"Lillian D. Wald<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/worldcat.org\/isbn\/9780027826302<\/a>>\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:ProductModel<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:isbn<\/a> \"0027826309<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:isbn<\/a> \"9780027826302<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/-\/oclc\/8907169<\/a>>\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \ngenont:InformationResource<\/a>, genont:ContentTypeGenericResource<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:about<\/a> <http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8907169<\/a>> ; # Lillian Wald of Henry Street<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:dateModified<\/a> \"2020-03-30<\/span>\" ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nvoid:inDataset<\/a> <http:\/\/purl.oclc.org\/dataset\/WorldCat<\/a>> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/-\/oclc\/8907169#Audience<\/a>>\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:PeopleAudience<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:audienceType<\/a> \"Juvenile<\/span>\"@en<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n
<http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/-\/oclc\/8907169#PublicationEvent\/new_york_macmillan_london_collier_macmillan_1983<\/a>>\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0a \nschema:PublicationEvent<\/a> ;\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:location<\/a> <http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/resource\/London<\/a>> ; # London<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:location<\/a> <http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/resource\/New_York_City<\/a>> ; # New York<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:organizer<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Agent\/collier_macmillan<\/a>> ; # Collier Macmillan<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:organizer<\/a> <http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/4541192049#Agent\/macmillan<\/a>> ; # Macmillan<\/span>\n\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0.\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n

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1. The Little PrinceAntoine de Saint-Exupéry
2. The Little Prince, written by Antoine de Saint- Exupéry, has been translated into some 220 languages and dialects so far. The Little Prince Le Petit Prince Mały Książę El Principito Küçük Prens Il piccolo principe Micul Prinţ Ο μικρός Πρίγκιπας
3. Key Facts• full title · The Little Prince (in French, Le Petit Prince)• author · Antoine de Saint-Exupéry• type of work · Children’s story, novella• genre · Fable, allegory• language · French• time and place written · The summer and fall of 1942, while Saint-Exupéry was living in Long Island, New York• date of first publication · First published in English translation in 1943. The first French edition did not appear until 1946.• publisher · Reynal & Hitchcock, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (U.S. edition, both French and English); Gallimard (French edition)
4. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry isboth a pioneer of aviation anda well-known French writer.He was born inLyon, France, in 1900. At anearly age, he dreamed of alife of adventure and wantedto become a naval officer.Unfortunately, he failed theexam to qualify him for navalofficer training school. As aresult, he turned his attentionto the field of aviation.
5. Even though flying was dangerous and risky in Saint-Exupéry’s time, hejoined the military and trained to be a pilot. After his military service, hepresented himself to the director of an airline company and expressed hisdesire to become a commercial pilot. The director told him he must firstbecome an airplane mechanic. Finally, in 1927, after serving as amechanic, Saint-Exupéry became a pilot, opening up new air routes overthe Mediterranean Sea, North Africa, and the Sahara Desert. Because ofthe danger of flying, he had a number of accidents, but he escaped anymajor injuries. Later Saint-Exupéry became the director of his own aviationcompany in South America, where he often flew dangerous routes overthe Andes Mountains. For Saint-Exupéry, flying was not just piloting an airplane; it was a time formeditation and reflection. While in the air, Saint-Exupéry would think deeplyabout solitude, friendship, the meaning of life, the human condition, andliberty. He decided to publish his reflections into a book, which wassuccessful. When his aviation company failed, Saint-Exupéry decided topursue writing as a career. He first became a journalist, traveling toSpain, Russia, and Germany. He also wrote two philosophical books based onaviation: Night Flight (1932) and Wind, Sand, and Stars (1939). Still in lovewith piloting an airplane, Saint-Exupéry continued to fly whenever he hadthe opportunity.
6. In 1939, when France went to war with Germany, Saint-Exupéryimmediately enlisted in the army, hoping to become a military pilotin the war effort. France, however, was soon defeated and occupied byHitlers troops. Saint-Exupéry decided to leave his homeland, settlein the United States, and pursue his writing career. It was in New Yorkthat he published The Little Prince, his most celebrated book, in 1943.Since its first publication, more than 25 million copies have been soldin 75 different countries. In 1942, when American troops landed in North Africa, Saint-Exupérydecided to join the U.S. Army as a pilot. Since he was 42 years ofage, he was initially considered too old to be a pilot and was notallowed to fly; however, Saint-Exupéry persisted and was finally givenan airplane. He accomplished many missions over occupied France. OnJuly 31, 1944, Saint-Exupéry left for his last mission. His plane wasdestroyed by the Germans over the Mediterranean.
7. The narrator begins the tale with an explanation of his dislikeof adults; he claims he does not enjoy them, for they are much toopractical. Instead, he prefers the company of children, who arenatural and curious. The narrator next tells of how his plane crashed in thedesert, where he met the Little Prince, a mystical creature fromanother planet, asteroid B-612. The narrator tells why the Prince left his planet and wherehe visited before coming to Earth. His adventures on six differentplanets are recounted, including the encounters with theking, the vain man, the drunkard, the businessman, thelamplighter, the geographer, the snake, the desertflower, the garden of roses, the railway switchman, themerchant, the fox, and the narrator. The narrator and the Prince share a rewarding relationship onthe desert, and when the Little Prince departs, the narrator misseshis company. He writes the novel in memory of the Little Prince.
8. Character list T h e N a r ra t o rThe Little Prince The Rose The Baobabs The King T h e Va i n M a n T h e D r u n ka r dThe BusinessmanThe Lamplighter T h e G e o g ra p h e r The Snake T h e Fo x
9. The Narrator The Little Prince A lonely pilot who, while One of the two protagonistsstranded in the desert, befriends of the story. After leaving histhe little prince. They spend home planet B – 612 and hiseight days together in the desert beloved rose, the princebefore the little prince returns to journeys around thehis home planet. Although he is universe, ending up on Earth. Frequently perplexeddiscouraged from drawing early in by the behavior ofhis life because adults cannot grown - ups, the princeunderstand his symbolizes thedrawings, the narrator hope, love, innocence, andillustrates his own story and insight of childhood that liemakes several drawings for the dormant in all of us.little prince. The narrator is a Though the prince is sociablegrown-up, but his view of and meets a number of characters as he travels, hethe world is more like a childs never stops loving and missingthan an adults. After the little the rose on his home planet.prince departs, the narrator feelsboth refreshed and saddened.
10. The Rose The Baobabs A coquettish flower who hastrouble expressing her love for Baobabs, harmless treesthe little prince and on Earth, pose a great threat to smaller planetsconsequently drives him away. like the princes if leftSimultaneously vain and unchecked. They cannaïve, she informs the little squeeze whole planets toprince of her love for him too pieces with their roots.late to persuade him to stay Although baobabs have nohome and not to travel. malicious opinions orThroughout the story, she intentions, they represent the grave danger that canoccupies the princes thoughts befall people who are tooand heart. lazy or indifferent to keep a wary eye on the world around them.
11. The King The Vain Man On the first planet The sole resident ofthe little prince the second planetvisits, he encounters a the little prince visits.king who claims to rule The vain man is lonelythe entire universe. and craves admirationWhile not from all who pass by.unkindly, the kings However, only by beingpower is empty. He is alone is he assured ofable to command being the richest andpeople to do only what best-looking man on histhey already would do. planet.
12. The Drunkard The Businessman A caricature of grown-ups The third person who is the fourth personthe little prince the little prince visits.encounters after leaving Too busy even to greet hishome is a visitor, the businessmandrunkard, who spends owns all the stars. Yet hehis days and nights lost cannot remember whatin a stupor. The they are called and contributes nothing todrunkard is a sad them. Although the littlefigure, but he is also prince comments onfoolish because he the oddity of the grown-upsdrinks to forget that he he meets, the businessmanis ashamed of drinking. is the only character the prince actively chastises.
13. The Lamplighter The Geographer The fifth and most complex The sixth and final characterfigure the prince encounters the little prince encountersbefore landing on Earth. before he lands on Earth.At first, the lamplighter Although the geographer isappears to be yet another apparently well-read, he refusesridiculous character with no to learn about his own planet,real purpose, but his selfless saying it is a job for explorers.devotion to his orders earns He recommends that the littlehim the little princes prince visit Earth and hisadmiration. Of all the adults comments on the ephemeralthe little prince encounters nature of flowers reveal tobefore reaching the prince that his own flowerEarth, the will not last forever.lamplighter is the only one theprince thinks he couldbefriend.
14. The Snake The Fox The first character Although the fox asksthe prince meets on Earth, the little prince to tame him, the fox is in some wayswho ultimately sends the more knowledgeable ofthe prince back to the heavens the two characters, and heby biting him. A constant helps steer the prince towardenigma, the snake speaks in what is important in life. In the secret the fox tellsriddles and evokes the snake of the little prince before theythe Bible, which incites Adam say their good-byes, the foxand Eves eviction from Eden by sums up three importantluring them into eating lessons: only the heart can see correctly; the princes timethe forbidden fruit. away from his planet has made him appreciate his rose more; and love entails responsibility.
15. ENDING The climax of the plot occurs when the Little Princedecides to return to his planet and care for his specialflower. He has learned from the fox that the importantthings in life cannot be seen with the eye, only felt withthe heart. In essence, the fox’s lesson is about how tolove, a most important thing for everybody to learn. Thislesson eventually makes the Little Prince realize that theflower from which he has fled is really very special. Aftermeeting the narrator and explaining all that he has learnedsince he left his planet, the Prince accepts that he reallyloves the flower because she is hisresponsibility, and he has invested time and trouble in hersurvival. As a result, he decides that he must go back to hisstar to take care of his special and beloved rose.
16. • “Goodbye, said the fox. And now here is my secret, a very simple secret. It is only with the heart that one can see rightly. What is essential is invisible to the eye.”• “All grown-ups were once children... but only few of them remember it.”• “People have forgotten this truth,” the fox said. „But you mustn’t forget it. You become responsible forever for what you’ve tamed. You’re responsible for your rose.”• “ I shall look at you out of the corner of my eye, and you will say nothing. Words are the source of misunderstandings.”• “But eyes are blind. You have to look with the heart.”• “You see, one loves the sunset when one is so sad.”• “The most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or touched, they are felt with the heart.”
17. Sources:• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_d e_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry• http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/littlepri nce/themes.html• http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide- little-prince/characters.html
18. The End Thank you Prepared: Kamila Błaszczyk Justyna Wcisło Daria Szewczyk Ewelina Szewczyk Marlena Łęcka Patrycja Kręgiel Katarzyna Miśtal Sylwia Wylot Karolina Nowak Katarzyna Prusek Roksana PabianPoland,15.01.2013

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Latest News for: States of consciousness
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Jane Henry, David Walker
This exciting volume focuses on the processes of innovation in organizations and how these can best be encouraged and managed. Unlike the mechanistic determinism and quasi-scientific managerial thinking of the past, the contributors to Managing Innovation believe that management must promote innovation at the individual, corporate, and strategic levels. These top…
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Amazon.co.uk: Rich Williams "Cho 24"'s review of Man of Steel [Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray] [2013]...
epic, 2 Jan. 2014
SPOILERS! Theres a wide variety of reviews for this film but having watched this at the cinema, I thought it was great. Having watched it twice at home since xmas I now think its excellent! Visually it seems crisper on blu ray and the whole look of the film is amazing, including the 3d which doesnt obviously go out to prod you in the face with spears but is effective throughout.if some people are really upset by this version of superman, which they seem to be, then thats their opinion but when its as visually stunning as this, giving 1out of 5 seems childish.Most of the fuss seems to be about the mass destruction and superman deliberately killing someone at the end of the film. Im no superman expert but apparantly he doesnt do that.. only apparantly he has in the comics as well. Couldnt this just be the reason he doesnt kill in the future? He seemed a bit upset at having done it.I can understand when clark starts work at the daily planet and all the destruction seems repaired and forgotten about that that seems odd but its never stated how long after the event this is. Also, maybe the consequences of man of steel will be dealt with in the sequel.Anyway... I for one thought it was the best superman film that could have been made at this time. Great story, amazing action sequences, stunning to look at, excellent cast and with subtle but effective 3d.Right up there with Avengers Assemble as one of my favourite films.cheers.
Man of Steel [Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray] [2013] [Region Free] B00CD42VBC
Initial post: 18 Sep 2014 22:55:08 BDT
Awesome detailed review Rich, this is one of my favourite films & Henry Cavill is superb as Superman, a cracking reboot.
�29.99 �9.91
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