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Patent US4413042 - Inert gas rejection system for metal halogen batteries - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method of removing inert gases from a metal halogen electrolyte battery system in which hydrogen is generated along with other inerts such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen, said method comprising, pressurizing the gas space above the sump to a preset pressure above ambient, and subsequently...http://www.google.com/patents/US4413042?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4413042 - Inert gas rejection system for metal halogen batteriesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4413042 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/372,088Publication dateNov 1, 1983Filing dateApr 26, 1982Priority dateApr 26, 1982Fee statusLapsedPublication number06372088, 372088, US 4413042 A, US 4413042A, US-A-4413042, US4413042 A, US4413042AInventorsPeter CarrOriginal AssigneeEnergy Development Associates, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (11), Classifications (10), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetInert gas rejection system for metal halogen batteriesUS 4413042 AAbstract A method of removing inert gases from a metal halogen electrolyte battery system in which hydrogen is generated along with other inerts such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen, said method comprising, pressurizing the gas space above the sump to a preset pressure above ambient, and subsequently venting the hydrogen and other inert gases from the gas space through an absorber means which removes trace quantities of chlorine from the gases.
What is claimed is: 1. A method of removing inert gases from a metal halogen electrolyte battery system in which hydrogen is generated along with other inerts, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, or the like, said battery including a stack, sump, and electrolyte store, said method comprising,circulating electrolyte over the battery stack with the stack being at least partially charged while preventing halogen replenishment to the battery stack from the battery store, thereby generating hydrogen from the metal electrode to cause a positive pressure above ambient in the gas space associated with the battery sump, subsequently removing the hydrogen and other inert gases from the system by venting the gases through an absorber means which removes trace quantities of chlorine from the gases. 2. The invention of claim 1 wherein,said metal halogen battery system is of the zinc-chlorine type. 3. A method of removing inert gases from a metal halogen electrolyte battery system in which hydrogen is generated along with other inerts such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, or the like, said battery system including a stack, sump, and electrolyte store, said method comprising,pumping electrolyte from the store to the stack to hydraulically pressurize the gas space above the stack, subsequently removing the hydrogen and other inert gases from the gas space by venting the gases through an absorber means which removes trace quantities of chlorine from the gases. 4. The invention of claim 3 wherein, said electrolyte is an aqueous zinc chloride electrolyte.
5. A method of removing inert gases from a metal halogen electrolyte battery system in which hydrogen is generated along with other inerts such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen, said method comprising,circulating electrolyte over the battery stack with the stack being atleast partially charged, while preventing halogen replenishment to the battery stack from the battery store, thereby generating hydrogen from the metal electrode to cause a positive pressure above ambient in the gas space above the battery sump, subsequently removing the hydrogen and other inert gases from the system through removal conduit means. Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention broadly relates to improved electrical energy storage systems, and more particularly the invention relates to a novel method of removing inert gases from a metal halogen battery system.
The electrical energy storage systems of the type referred to herein (e.g., a zinc-chlorine battery) utilize a halogen hydrate as the source of a halogen component for reduction at a normally positive electrode, and an oxidizable metal adapted to become oxidized at a normally negative electrode during the normal discharge of the storage system. An aqueous electrolyte is employed for replenishing the supply of the halogen component as it becomes reduced at the positive electrode. The electrolyte contains the dissolved ions of the oxidized metal and the reduced halogen, and is circulated between the electrode area and a storage area containing halogen hydrate, which progressively decomposes during a normal discharge of the electrical energy system, liberating additional elemental halogen to be consumed at the positive electrode. Electrical energy storage systems or battery systems of this type are described in prior patents owned by the same assignee as the present invention, such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,713,888, U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,502, U.S. Pat. No. 4,001,036, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,146,680. Such systems are also described in published reports prepared by the assignee herein, such as EPRI Report EM-1051 (Parts 1-3) dated April 1979, published by the Electric Power Research Institute. The specific teachings of the aforementioned U.S. patents and the EPRI Report are incorporated herein by reference.
In the operation of a metal halogen battery, such as an aqueous zinc-chloride battery system with graphite and/or other stable electrode substrates, a finite proportion of gases other than the desired chlorine are evolved. With graphite electrodes, these other gases typically consist of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen and hydrogen. Because of the acid electrolyte used in such battery systems, hydrogen is the major foreign gas liberated. In the past, photochemical techniques such as those described by Fatica in U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,381 have been utilized to recycle hydrogen to the electrolyte as hydrogen chloride. It is also to be recognized that the removal of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen from the system will lead to slow acidification of the battery, therefore, from time to time hydrogen should be removed from such a battery system along with the other species so as to balance the pH of the battery. Slow accumulation of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen causes a decrease in both chlorine hydrate formation ability and the solubility of chlorine in the electrolyte for discharge, thereby resulting in a decreased battery performance.
Several techniques for removing inert gases (i.e., inert gases being defined herein as gases other than chlorine), while maintaining the chlorine balance of the system have been disclosed. For example, see Bjorkman U.S. Pat. No. 4,256,554, Fatica U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,381, and Hammond et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,257,867. Those techniques typically involved a chlorine/chlorine electro-winning cell as the means of effecting the separation and elimination of the inert gases. It is the object of the present invention to provide a different, unique, and yet simple technique of removing inert gases from metal halogen battery systems. Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and the appended claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing. It is also to be understood that the invention herein is applicable to numerous different constructional arrangements of metal halogen battery systems.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The drawing FIGURE illustrates a schematic of the battery construction in accordance with the invention herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The technique for separation and rejection of the inert gases described and referred to in this invention does not require an additional electro-chemical device to be incorporated in the system. The technique disclosed herein involves the circulating of electrolyte over the charged or partially charged stack while not allowing chlorine replenishment to the stack system from the store. This recirculation by self discharge of the battery consumes all of the free chlorine in the gas space associated with the stack system (i.e., the stack system being the sump, the sump gas space and the electrode area and manifolding), leaving only the inert gases within the gas space. By circulating the electrolyte for a period of time, hydrogen is generated from the zinc which remains on the electrodes, thereby pressurizing the gas space above the sump to a preset pressure above ambient. The gas space can then be safely vented through an absorber means to the atmosphere, thus efficiently removing a substantial fraction of the inert gases from the system. The absorber functions to remove trace quantities of chlorine from the gases being vented. Depending on gas space volume, and on the electrolyte being used, the invention herein is carried out such that the inert gas rejection phase of the battery operation is accomplished at any stand time for the battery, that is, when there is some metal (e.g., zinc) remaining on the electrodes, and it is immaterial whether the amount of metal left on the electrodes is large or small. In addition the invention herein contemplates that for mobile battery applications (e.g., electric vehicle battery applications) the preset pressure in the gas space can be caused to occur by pumping a predetermined amount of the aqueous electrolyte from the store over to the battery stack, to thus hydraulically pressurize the gas space above the stack, and thereafter, venting the inert gases from the system through a suitable venting means which also includes an absorber for removing trace quantities of chlorine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The drawing illustrates one embodiment of a zinc-chlorine battery system in accordance with the invention. The battery system is designated 10 and means are provided to achieve the desired flows of chlorine, electrolyte, water and heat, with a general description thereof now following.
In charge, pump P-1 delivers electrolyte to pockets 12 between pairs of porous graphite chlorine electrodes 14 in the battery stack 15. The electrolyte passes through the porous chlorine electrodes 14 into the chamber 16 between the zinc electrodes 17 and chlorine electrodes 14, flows up between the electrodes and eventually spills through high resistance cascades back into the sump 18. Chlorine gas is pumped by the pump designated P-2 through line C. Before entering the pump P-2, the chlorine gas is mixed with chilled water which passes through line W and comes from the bottom of the store 20. The chlorine and chilled water are mixed in the gas pump P-2, chlorine hydrate forms, and the chlorine hydrate-water mixture is deposited in the store 20 through line H. The water in line W is chilled by passage through a heat exchanger. Glycol cooled by means of a refrigeration system 22 is passed through the line R into the heat exchanger.
In discharge, the valve 24 in line D is open, permitting a stream of warm electrolyte to pass through a heat exchanger 26 in the store. Chlorine is formed by decomposition of chlorine hydrate in the store 20. On development of the required pressure in the store, the valve 28 in line G is opened and the chlorine passes into line E on the higher pressure side of the electrolyte pump P-1. The chlorine dissolves in the electrolyte which is then fed to the porous graphite chlorine electrodes 14. The battery stack 15 can now be discharged, wherein electrode dissolution of the zinc occurs at the zinc electrode 17, reduction of the dissolved chlorine occurs at the chlorine electrode 14, power is available at the battery terminals 30, 31, and zinc chloride is formed in the electrolyte by reaction of zinc and chlorine to form zinc chloride.
As noted earlier herein, the technique for separation and rejection of the inert gases in accordance with the invention involves circulating electrolyte over the charged or partially charged stack while not allowing chlorine replenishment to the stack system from the store. This may be carried out, for example, by activating the pump P-1 to circulate electrolyte from the sump through the line E over the electrode in the battery stack 15, while maintaining lines C, D and G closed such that no flow occurs through those lines. This recirculation of electrolyte through pump P-1 and over the electrodes in the battery stack 15 consumes all of the free chlorine in the stack system, leaving only the inerts within the gas space, and by circulating the electrolyte for a sufficient period of time, hydrogen is generated from the remaining zinc on the electrodes, thereby pressurizing the gas space above the sump 18 to a desired preset pressure above ambient. The photochemical reactor 19 (e.g., a fluorescent light) operates to react chlorine gas with hydrogen gas to form hydrogen chloride which re-disperses or dissolves in the electrolyte. The gas space is then safely vented through conduit means 61 and vent valve 63, and thereafter through the absorber means 65 which absorber removes any trace amounts of chlorine that might still be left in the inert gases before they are vented to atmosphere through the conduit 67.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3713888 *Jun 26, 1970Jan 30, 1973Oxy Metal Finishing CorpProcess for electrical energy using solid halogen hydratesUS3993502 *Oct 29, 1975Nov 23, 1976Energy Development AssociatesMetal halogen hydrate battery systemUS4001036 *Nov 20, 1975Jan 4, 1977Energy Development AssociatesRemoving chlorine from electrolyteUS4144381 *Sep 20, 1977Mar 13, 1979Energy Development AssociatesConverting hydrogen into electrolyte soluble compoundUS4146680 *Jun 15, 1978Mar 27, 1979Energy Development AssociatesHydration of halogen gasUS4256554 *Mar 28, 1980Mar 17, 1981Energy Development Associates, Inc.Dissolving in the electrolyte to obtain chlorine tions; using a gas-impermeable but liquid-permeable membrane; venting chlorine gas at the anode; used for zinc-halogen batteriesUS4257867 *Mar 28, 1980Mar 24, 1981Energy Development Associates, Inc.Electrolytic cell having a gas impervious membrane for separation of chlorine gas* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *"Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility Applications", Electric Power Res. Inst., EM1051, Apr. 1979, p. 2-1.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4469762 *Jul 1, 1983Sep 4, 1984Energy Development Associates, Inc.Self-draining heat exchanger arrangement and methodUS4517261 *Jul 1, 1983May 14, 1985Energy Development Associates, Inc.For a zinc-hyprogen battery stackUS8039161Jan 16, 2008Oct 18, 2011Primus Power CorporationMetal halogen electrochemical cell systemUS8114541Jul 24, 2009Feb 14, 2012Primus Power CorporationElectrochemical energy generation systemUS8137831Jun 27, 2011Mar 20, 2012Primus Power CorporationElectrolyte flow configuration for a metal-halogen flow batteryUS8202641Sep 8, 2010Jun 19, 2012Primus Power CorporationMetal electrode assembly for flow batteriesUS8236445Jan 24, 2012Aug 7, 2012Primus Power CorporationElectrochemical energy systemUS8268480Jul 3, 2012Sep 18, 2012Primus Power CorporationElectrochemical energy systemUS8273472Feb 12, 2010Sep 25, 2012Primus Power CorporationShunt current interruption in electrochemical energy generation systemUS8415042Sep 7, 2011Apr 9, 2013Primus Power CorporationMetal halogen electrochemical cell systemUS8450001Sep 8, 2010May 28, 2013Primus Power CorporationFlow batter with radial electrolyte distribution* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification429/51, 429/105, 429/402, 429/450International ClassificationH01M10/52, H01M10/36Cooperative ClassificationH01M10/52, H01M10/365European ClassificationH01M10/36B, H01M10/52Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJan 9, 1996FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19951101Oct 29, 1995LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJun 6, 1995REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedMar 25, 1991FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 20, 1987SULPSurcharge for late paymentJul 20, 1987FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jun 14, 1987REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJun 8, 1987REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedApr 26, 1982ASAssignmentOwner name: ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATES, INC. 1100 WEST WHITFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CARR, PETER;REEL/FRAME:003997/0455Effective date: 19820422RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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by Kristof Dehaen
Smart TV Remotes Gain Traction at O...
Appsperience, the official blog of Chillantro, reviews FilmOn App, an iPhone app that provides a number of different TV channels from music, ,sports, movies, and fashion to documentary , news, finance, and education related channels. ...
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England bid team play cautious numbers game
Details have emerged about the sums involved in campaigning to host a World Cup and how the England 2018 bid company proposes to spend its near-£15m budget. This column has been passed a document that was submitted to the Football Association board for its approval over how the bid would be tackled. The most intriguing elements of the proposals surround the "travel and event costs" associated with the bid.
Under the budgets broken down in the document £1.5m is set aside for international development; £100,000 covers a four-day "inspection visit" by up to six Fifa officials and £1m covers travel costs.
A spokesman for England 2018 stated that budgets may now be revised down due to the campaign lasting only two years, until the vote in December 2010. He added that England's bid hopes to stand out by stating what it can do for world football rather than what the World Cup can do for it.
"We felt that we had a rough budget of £500,000 per year for international development projects," said the spokesman. "If we are successful then in the World Cup-hosting budget there will be a huge element of legacy activities before and after the World Cup."
England 2018 hopes not to have to spend £100,000 on a four-day junket for Fifa grandees but it will not have a clear picture of what is expected until April, when Fifa publishes its full bidding guidelines. "What we know is that last time around [when bidding for World Cup 2006] the bid team misunderstood the importance of the Fifa inspection visit and we thought that was the one thing we would not get wrong this time," said the spokesman.
ITV's lowlights
ITV is paying the price for its failure to manage the succession in its sports department after the controller, Mark Sharman, departed on 31 December. Sharman spent four years at ITV before quitting when the broadcaster's strategy focused on cost savings. That came after ITV paid the Football Association £275m to show England and FA Cup matches. Overall control of output on ITV's biggest weekend of FA Cup coverage lay with David Moss, the head of sports programmes, but was marred by dreadful editorial treatment of some stunning upsets. In Sharman's absence, Saturday night's highlights coverage of the FA Cup third round gave less than two minutes to Manchester City's 3-0 defeat at home to Nottingham Forest - while the programme led with Forest Green's defeat by Derby County and gave extended highlights to Newcastle's 0-0 draw with Hull. Industry insiders say camera positions at Manchester City and Stamford Bridge, where Chelsea drew with Southend, would have permitted extended highlights.
Michael Grade, the ITV plc chairman who was the architect of the play for the FA properties, was unavailable yesterday and a spokesman refused to say if Grade had taken an interest in the shambles. ITV said finding Sharman's replacement was an "ongoing" matter, adding: "We are listening to all the comments we receive from our viewers and take them on board for our coverage of the next round."
The Football Association revised its requirements for the payment of player-agents' fees after accepting the rules were in danger of creating a culture of under-the-counter payments. Under rules introduced in January 2008 all player-agents' fees had to be paid by players and not by their clubs. But some clubs were cooking up "scouting arrangements" as a way around the tighter regulations. Although the rules have been relaxed, enabling clubs to pay agents as a "taxable benefit", clubs were angered that the new structure is only to be implemented on an interim basis. The FA will "conduct a full review", with possible permanent changes in time for the summer transfer window.
If football is the last bastion of homophobia, a leading gay-rights campaigner believes he has made a breakthrough. Peter Tatchell, who attacked the FA for "sitting on its hands" in response to homophobic chanting, yesterday announced FA support for a video containing "big-name stars" speaking out against the practice. It will be an interesting gauge of how enlightened dressing rooms have become.

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book page setup Freelancers and Jobs - Freelancer.com
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2RCG-ZBUS: When Doctors First Do Harm - The New York Times : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
2RCG-ZBUS: When Doctors First Do Harm - The New York Times
[archiveorg perma_cc_2RCG-ZBUS width=560 height=384 frameborder=0 webkitallowfullscreen=true mozallowfullscreen=true]
Perma.cc archive of http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/opinion/doctors-should-stand-against-trump-reviving-torture.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region®ion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&_r=0 created on 2016-12-29 20:46:29+00:00.
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When I received my bowl I realized it was not what I thought I had ordered. The long and short of the story is make sure you read the description carefully and give concise instruction on how you want to customize your item. If you don't you will end up spending $60 on something that is non-exchangeable/returnable. I would like to add the quality of the bowl is solid, so I am at least happy with that.
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Easy Check Medical Diagnostics, LLC: Private Company Information - Bloomberg
Company Overview of Easy Check Medical Diagnostics, LLC
Easy Check Medical Diagnostics, LLC manufactures and markets non-invasive glucose-level testing products and diabetes management equipments. The company was incorporated in 2008 and is based in Miami, Florida. As of February 11, 2010, Easy Check Medical Diagnostics, LLC operates as a subsidiary of PositiveID Corporation.
1360 North East 172nd Street
Key Executives for Easy Check Medical Diagnostics, LLC
Mr. Benjamin Atkin
To contact Easy Check Medical Diagnostics, LLC, please visit --. Company data is provided by S&P Global Market Intelligence. Please use this form to report any data issues.

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Cell behavior in the acetylaminofluorene-treated regenerating rat liver. Light and electron microscopic observations. - PubMed - NCBI
AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 7977643FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowAm J Pathol. 1994 Nov;145(5):1114-26.Cell behavior in the acetylaminofluorene-treated regenerating rat liver. Light and electron microscopic observations.Sarraf C1, Lalani EN, Golding M, Anilkumar TV, Poulsom R, Alison M.Author information1Department of Histopathology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, United Kingdom.AbstractWhen hepatocyte regeneration is impaired, facultative stem cells and their descendants, also called oval cells, become activated and produce cell progeny that eventually differentiate. We have observed these cells in the rat liver after partial hepatectomy when the animals have been fed 2-acetylaminofluorene. Oval cells emerge from the portal areas and stain strongly with monoclonal antibodies raised against cytokeratins 8 and 19 and vimentin, the intermediate filament traditionally associated with mesenchymal cells. The majority of oval cells appeared to be part of a bile ductular reaction, manifest by their cytokeratin expression, and the bile duct injection of pigmented gelatin confirmed that these oval cells were essentially tortuous, arborizing duct-like structures (cholangioles) branched from and continuous with preexisting bile ducts. In situ hybridization studies showed that hepatocyte growth factor mRNA-expressing sinusoid lining cells were most numerous in the periportal areas during the period of ductular proliferation. At 1 week after partial hepatectomy, we observed morphological evidence of areas of in situ focal differentiation in the ductular structures, either to a columnar intestinal-type epithelia or to a hepatocyte phenotype, with abundant large mitochondria and membranous cytokeratin 8 immunoreactivity contrasting with the diffuse staining of the ductular cells. By following the fate of oval cells the authors conclude that in this model proliferated bile ductules represent the oval cell compartment capable of producing pluripotential progenitor cells.PMID: 7977643 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC1887432 Free PMC ArticleSharePublication Types, MeSH Terms, SubstancesPublication TypesResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tMeSH Terms2-Acetylaminofluorene/pharmacology*AnimalsBile Ducts/pathologyCell DifferentiationCell DivisionHepatectomyHepatocyte Growth Factor/analysisIn Situ HybridizationIntermediate Filaments/metabolismLiver/chemistryLiver/ultrastructure*Liver Regeneration/drug effects*MaleRNA, Messenger/analysisRatsRats, Inbred F344SubstancesRNA, MessengerHepatocyte Growth Factor2-AcetylaminofluoreneLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesEurope PubMed CentralPubMed CentralOther Literature SourcesCited by Patents in - The LensMiscellaneous2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE - Hazardous Substances Data BankPubMed Commons home

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The 10 Best 5 Star Hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region We noticed that you're using an unsupported browser. The TripAdvisor website may not display properly. We support the following browsers:
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Royal Tulip City Center 136 Reviews#8 of 100 hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region01/23/2016 “Surrounded by luxury and well trained...”08/28/2016 “Chic Luxury”
Grand Hotel Villa de France 77 Reviews#15 of 100 hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region04/12/2015 “... areas are luxurious and relaxing ...”08/22/2016 “Near Medina, Fit for a princess”
Sofitel Tamuda Bay Beach & Spa 50 Reviews#16 of 100 hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region07/18/2016 “... relax in a luxurious surrounding.”08/18/2016 “Top Stay with my wife and kids”
Grand Mogador Sea View - Luxury Hotel 150 Reviews#19 of 100 hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region04/22/2016 “The room was luxurious and very relax...”08/27/2016 “Very nice Stay”
El Minzah Hotel 583 Reviews#22 of 100 hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region05/29/2015 “luxurious, welcoming hotel with nice...”08/27/2016 “Nice accommodations ”
Hotel Farah Tanger 136 Reviews#29 of 100 hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region08/06/2015 “Excellent upscale Morrocan Hotel a fe...”08/23/2016 “Lovely ocean views from your spacious hotel room”
Movenpick Hotel & Casino Malabata TangerSpecial OfferSummer Savings up to 30% 310 Reviews#31 of 100 hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region07/25/2016 “A nice place to hold a conference”06/03/2016 “Nice hotel”
Banyan Tree Tamouda Bay 6 Reviews#33 of 100 hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region08/21/2016 “A quiet and relaxing stay in an amazing place”
Marina Smir Hotel & Spa 78 Reviews#55 of 100 hotels in Tangier-Tetouan Region04/23/2016 “Not as what we expect ”07/26/2016 “Love the place! Hate the internet connection”
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Delphi MDI Application Next Window menu item - Stack Overflow
How would I go about implementing the Ctrl+F6 Next Window action in the Windows menu for an MDI application in Delphi 7?
delphi delphi-7 mdi share|improve this question edited Nov 6 '09 at 17:53
Ummm.. I gave you exactly that in my answer. You then added "in the Windows menu" to your original post. Again, I'd already given you that in my answer. Is there something I'm missing here?
Use the Next and Previous methods of the MDI parent window. You can do this from a menu event, and assign a shortcut like any other menu item. In the code below, the MDI parent form is TFormMDIParent, and it assumes you've created two menu items captioned "Next Child" and "Previous Child", leaving their names set to the default generated by the IDE. It also assumes that you've set the main form up correctly to be the MDI parent (FormStyle = fsMDIForm).
procedure TFormMDIParent.NextChild1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure TFormMDIParent.PreviousChild1Click(Sender: TObject);
Self.Previous;
Ken you answer works, although the Next and Previous work in reverse order to what I think is the Next and Previous windows. If I open 4 windows and I am on the 3rd window that was opened and I perform the Self.Next, I would think that the next window would be the 4th window but it actually gives focus to the 2nd window. Works the same way with the built-in Ctrl+F6/Shift+Ctrl+F6 keys.
Hmmm... I never noticed that, Mike, but I'll readily admit that I quit doing MDI applications back in the Delphi 2 days. They've been deprecated by MS since that time, and I never did like them much anyway. :-) I'd guess that the interpretation of Next/Previous are an MS thing, because the built-in hotkeys work that way as well (even in non-Delphi MDI apps). Actually, I think the behavior varies. Try focusing window 3, clicking with the mouse on win 1, click on win 2, and then try Next. Where do you end up?
Nov 6 '09 at 18:51
I don't think you need to do anything - it is implicit in MDI apps (created with the new MDI app wizard in Delphi 2006 anyway).
It also "just works" in an app the was originally created in Delphi 6 as well.
I realize it just works, but several of our customers are not aware of the Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+F6 or Ctrl+Shift+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+F6 shortcuts. We just want to have it available in the Windows menu to help them learn the keyboard shortcuts.
Send the main form a wm_SysCommand message. Use sc_NextWindow or sc_PrevWindow for the wParam parameter.
share|improve this answer answered Nov 6 '09 at 0:09
Unnecessary overkill, Rob. TCustomForm.Next and TCustomForm.Previous accomplish the same thing, and assigning them to menu item OnClick events (with whatever shortcuts you want) is child's play.
Didn't know those methods existed. And I'm disappointed that the wm_SysCommand documentation doesn't mention the wm_MdiNext message, which is what TCustomForm.Next sends. There are several ways to skin this cat.
Several ways is true, as always. TCustomForm has actually implemented Next/Previous since before there even was a TCustomForm (Delphi 1), where the base for forms was TForm. I'm suspecting the lack of documentation on wm_MdiNext is because MS has deprecated MDI since around the days of Delphi 2 and Win95.
Not the answer you're looking for?	Browse other questions tagged delphi delphi-7 mdi or ask your own question.	asked

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Updated: Jun 01, 2009 01:05 IST	Nivedita Khandekar None
A look at the statistics from October 12, 2005 till May 27, 2009, show 20,700 RTI applications pertained to MCD followed by 10,972 pertaining to Delhi police. The third and the fourth in the list are nowhere near the two biggies with state government’s education department accounting for 8,290 applications and 5,619 applications related to cooperative societies.
Surprisingly, for all its sedentary mechanism, statistics shows the civic body has been disposing off RTI applications pretty fast. If the statistics are to be believed, of the 20,700 cases, only 53 cases are pending. But not everything is hunky dory: Though the number of cases pending may be small, the nature of disposal has been far from satisfactory. Bhanu Prasad (name changed on request), a former clerk in one of MCD’s own departments, says, “I had asked for information related to certain encroachment in our area. The MCD disposed off my query by questioning my locus standi.”

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Alice, Sweet Alice: Linda Miller, Mildred Clinton, Paula E. Sheppard, Niles McMaster, Jane Lowry, Rudolph Willrich, Michael Hardstark, Brooke Shields, Alfred Sole: Amazon.co.uk: LOVEFiLM By Post
Amazon Instant VideoHelpGetting StartedSettingsYour Rental List Alice, Sweet Alice
After a young girl is brutally murdered during her first communion, her strange and withdrawn older sister becomes the main suspect. Starring:Linda Miller, Mildred Clinton
Linda Miller, Mildred Clinton, Paula E. Sheppard, Niles McMaster, Jane Lowry, Rudolph Willrich, Michael Hardstark, Brooke Shields
5 of 5 people found the following review helpfulALICE SWEET ALICE AKA Communion AKA Holy Terror, Uncut 88 FILMS
On the day of her first communion Karen, Brooke Shields, is murdered by someone in a mask and yellow plastic raincoat. Suspicion soon falls upon her sister Alice, Paula Sheppard.Creepy early slasher classic Alice Sweet Alice finally gets a decent release from 88 Films. There are one or two signs of age, but otherwise the picture quality is pretty good.Alice Sweet Alice Aka Communion Aka Holy Terror is a way above average 70s slasher film that makes the most of it's New Jersey setting. Heavy doses of catholic imagery give the film a great morbid atmosphere of oppressive guilt with psycho sexual overtones. The killer owes a small debt to Don't Look Now, but the mask and knife point the way to later films. Paula Sheppard was 19 years old when the film was made and is great in the title role as the ambiguously motivated Alice.ExtrasAudio Commentary from the film's director Alfred Sole, editor Edward Salier and William Lustig, not credited on the case.The original and misleading trailer for the film under the title Holy Terror which emphasizes Brooke ShieldsAlternative title sequence for the same film as CommunionStills GalleryBooklet by Calum WaddellReversible cover with the original artworkTrailer Park for other 88 Films releases.The aspect ratio is 1:85.1
4 of 4 people found the following review helpfulSeriously underrated 70's chiller.
on 12 Feb 2010Format: DVD
This is a brilliant, original, thought-provoking horror movie that has festered in obscurity for some time. Despite a slew of alternate titles -- "Alice Sweet Alice" "Communion" and "Holy Terror" are but three-- it is still virtually unknown. This film revolves around Alice Spages, a 12 year old girl. She comes from a divorced, strict Catholic family, and her little sister, Karen played by a young Brooke Shields gets most of the attention, while Alice is sort of left in the dark. We get the idea that Alice might have some problems and you can surely tell she is jealous of her sister. Then on Karen's first holy communion, she is strangled to death and lit on fire in the church by someone wearing a yellow rain slicker and a creepy plastic mask. The police believe Alice had something to do with her sister's murder, and commit her as their target. Then, the mysterious person in the yellow rain slicker strikes again, this time stabbing Alice's Aunt while she's walking down the stairs of an apartment complex.As more murders continue, we begin to question - could a 12 year old girl really be capable of murder? Or could it be someone else?. I don't think there has ever been anything like this film ever before and that it features an amazing newcomer, Paula E. Sheppard, in a chilling role as a deeply disturbed schoolgirl who may or may not be responsible for a slew of gory murders. Add to those a strong Catholic subtext and hints of child abuse and you've got one incredible ninety minutes of mental and physical mayhem.Director Alfred Sole gives the viewer some heavy Catholic imagery throughout the film, contrasting it with the brutal events taking place. There is obviously much thought and detail put into the complex characters, as well as the complicated but intriguing plot.Read more ›
16 of 17 people found the following review helpfulUnderrated landmark in the horror genre
Stephen Kasiewicz
on 8 July 2003Format: VHS Tape
AN underrated, unsettling tale of murder, suspicion and the macabre, this is a seminal horror film.It focuses on 12-year-old Alice Spages (Paula Sheppard) who is accused of murdering her younger sister Karen (Brooke Shields) before her First Communion and then of viciously stabbing her Aunt Annie.We view a masked killer in a yellow raincoat committing both acts and it seems obvious that Karen - who was the last person to see her sister - will be implicated as the perpetrator.She is suspected due to problems at school, jealousy of her sister, resentment of her mother (whom she thinks favours Alice over her) and her generally odd behaviour.Karen is questioned by police and named by her Aunt as the mystery attacker, however in its genuinely frightening conclusive stages, doubts gather as to the person who carried out both deeds. And although the person responsible is seemingly uncovered, an unforeseen climax suggests that any pre-conceived notions over the murderer's identity may have been unfounded.It's absorbing viewing and although never positively unnerving until its latter half, Alice, Sweet Alice contains many distinctive characteristics.The use of a religious setting and ecclesiastical imagery - which has faint echoes of both The Exorcist (1973) and in a way Rosemary's Baby (1968) - coupled with the surreal, gory nature of the killer's acts, does make for an unusually tense atmosphere.Alice herself is a potent source of terror. Indeed it would not be an exaggeration to say that Paula Sheppard's chilling performance is redolent of Sissy Spacek's wonderfully scary display as Carrie in Brian De Palma's 1976 classic.With her piercing eyes and fixed stare, she is monstrously creepy every time the camera focuses on her.Read more ›
11 of 12 people found the following review helpfulGreat movie, terrible DVD
Well done 88 Films
While it's a pity there's no blu-ray after years of awful,vhs like releases this new 88 films dvd finally gives this underrated gem the transfer it deserves.
Published 6 months ago by John Deakin
88 Film's have finally given another underrated classic from the 70's a release that is deserves.It now replaces the poor quality and cut import DVD that I have had for years...
Published 6 months ago by G. Taylor
The best print of the film on dvd
Like the other reviewers I wasn't impressed with the quailty of the print of the DVD so I bought the american(alice sweet alice) release wow I wish I didn't.
Published on 1 Nov 2009 by K. Maiden
Great film, shame about the DVD!!!
Angelic Karen Spages(Brooke Sheilds) is horribly murdered just before her first communion. Fingers start to point towards her sister Alice being the guilty party, as she is the...
Published on 18 Nov 2008 by Mr. Jonathon T. Beckett
great little film Awful print
So some one transfered their super 8 copy to DVD. lord this is a poor quality transfer. unwatchable. lets hope a proper company releases this super little film.
Published on 9 Oct 2008 by Me
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Prepare Income Tax Returns for FREE - #1 in India : reddit.comjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfivefoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | AskReddit-funny-todayilearned-news-movies-worldnews-pics-videos-gaming-aww-mildlyinteresting-gifs-Showerthoughts-Jokes-television-Music-space-OldSchoolCool-TwoXChromosomes-LifeProTips-IAmA-explainlikeimfive-tifu-nottheonion-science-personalfinance-photoshopbattles-creepy-DIY-sports-dataisbeautiful-Futurology-food-Art-UpliftingNews-GetMotivated-EarthPorn-Documentaries-nosleep-askscience-WritingPrompts-history-books-gadgets-announcements-philosophy-listentothis-InternetIsBeautiful-blogmore »reddit.com reddit.comcommentsWant to join? Log in or sign up in seconds.|Englishlimit my search to /r/reddit.comuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 07 Jul 20091 point (100% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmissions disabledthis subreddit is archived and no longer accepting submissions.reddit.comsubscribeunsubscribe757,323 readers~65 users here nowThis subreddit is archived and no longer accepting submissions.
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012Prepare Income Tax Returns for FREE - #1 in India (elagaan.com)submitted 7 years ago by financemastercommentshareloading...no comments (yet)sorted by: besttopnewcontroversialoldrandomq&alive (beta)there doesn't seem to be anything herePosts are automatically archived after 6 months.Got Itaboutblogaboutsource codeadvertisejobshelpsite rulesFAQwikireddiquettetransparencycontact usapps & toolsReddit for iPhoneReddit for Androidmobile websitebuttons<3reddit goldredditgiftsUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy (updated). © 2017 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.create a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember mesign uplog inusername:password:remember mereset passwordlog inBy signing up, you agree to our Terms and that you have read our Privacy Policy and Content Policy.English [en]Afrikaans [af] (*)العربية [ar] (*)Беларуская мова [be] (*)български език [bg]বাংলা [bn-IN] (*)বাংলা [bn-bd] (*)Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]Cymraeg [cy] (*)dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo] (*)español [es]español [es-ar]Español [es-mx]eesti keel [et] (*)Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]Filipino [fil] (*)français [fr]Français [fr-ca]Frysk [fy-NL] (*)Gaeilge [ga-ie] (*)Gàidhlig [gd]Galego [gl] (*)עברית [he] (*)मानक हिन्दी [hi] (*)hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id] (*)íslenska [is]italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la] (*)1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt] (*)latviešu valoda [lv]Bahasa Melayu [ms] (*)Malti [mt-MT]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl] (*)српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh]简化字 [zh-cn] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 9969 on app-515 at 2017-01-20 22:26:37.962060+00:00 running dc009a3 country code: US.

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winapi - How to make a "popup" (hint, drop-down, popup) window in Winforms? - Stack Overflow
How can i make, what i will call, a "popup" window" in WinForms?
Since i used my own made-up word "popup", let me give examples of this so-called "popup" window:
a tooltip window (can extend outside the boundaries of its parent form, doesn't appear in the taskbar, is not modal, and doesn't steal focus):
a popup menu window (can extend outside the boundaries of its parent form, doesn't appear in the taskbar, is not modal, and doesn't steal focus):
a drop-down window (can extend outside the boundaries of its parent form, doesn't appear in the taskbar, is not modal, and doesn't steal focus):
A main menu window (can extend outside the boundaries of its parent form, doesn't appear in the taskbar, is not modal, and doesn't steal focus):
Update A popup window not make itself the "active" window when interacted with using a mouse or keyboard (the "owner" window remains the active window):
The attributes that i'm looking for in this mythical "popup" are that it:
can extend outside the boundaries of its parent form (i.e. is not a child window)
doesn't appear in the taskbar (i.e. Window's heuristics of which windows should appear doesn't kick in, nor does it have WS_EX_APPWINDOW extended window style)
is not modal (i.e. doesn't disable its "owner")
doesn't steal focus
is always on-top of of it's "owner"
does not become the "active" window when interacted with (the owner remains active)
Windows applications are already managing to create such windows. How can i do it in a WinForms application?
How do i achieve all the above in native code?
How do i create a popup window in Delphi?
i have this native code to show a "popup" window - what P/Invokes are required to perform the same actions in .NET?
i have a set of P/Invoke's in .NET - can i reuse a regular WinForm, overriding certain methods, to achieve the same effect?
i have WinForm that i'm showing as a "popup" by overriding certain methods - is there a built-in Control that can act as a popup for me?
i tried the Show(onwer) + ShowWithoutActivation method:
PopupForm dd = new PopupForm ();
dd.Show(this);
with PopupForm:
public class PopupForm: Form
public PopupForm()
private void InitilizeComponent()
Very nearly solved the problem, but then i discovered was reminded of another property of "popup" windows: they do not take focus from their "owner" form become active when interacted with by mouse or keyboard.
winforms winapi popup popupwindow share|improve this question edited Dec 29 '11 at 19:16
you want it all to be one "popup" or severall "popup" methods?
@Moonlight The concepts should be identical, no matter what the contents are. Once i have a "popup form", i can put whatever contents in it i wish.
I have a hard time seeing the difference between this and yesterday's question. My answer there will work for what you are trying to do.
@LarsTech By asking a question about "drop-downs" i was limiting my answers to "drop-downs". i wanted a question (and answers) with wider applicibility. An answer to this question solves the "drop-down" problem - but not necessarily vice-versa. Finally, i wanted a question about "popups", so that anyone searching for "popups" will find this, and not be limited to just "dropdowns".
You want an owned window. In your main form:
private void showPopup_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
PopupForm popupForm = new PopupForm();
// Make "this" the owner of form2
popupForm.Show(this);
PopupForm should look like this:
public partial class PopupForm : Form
private bool _activating = false;
// Ensure the popup isn't activated when it is first shown
// The popup needs to be activated for the user to interact with it,
// but we want to keep the owner window's appearance the same.
if ((m.Msg == WM_NCACTIVATE) && !_activating && (m.WParam != IntPtr.Zero))
// The popup is being activated, ensure parent keeps activated appearance
_activating = true;
SendMessage(this.Owner.Handle, WM_NCACTIVATE, (IntPtr) 1, IntPtr.Zero);
_activating = false;
// Call base.WndProc here if you want the appearance of the popup to change
And make sure that PopupForm.ShowInTaskbar = false.
share|improve this answer edited Dec 29 '11 at 22:47
answered Dec 29 '11 at 15:51
11.9k12143
Useful. Close. But the form gains focus when the user clicks on it (as opposed to popup windows that do not, e.g. Windows Explorer)
@IanBoyd: Can you give a more specific example of a window that you can interact with, without the window becoming activated? If you want the popup to completely ignore mouse clicks set "form2.Enabled = False" after you show form2.
Windows Explorer - filter and group a column (screenshot attached to question)
@IanBoyd: I think this new version does it. It's a scruffy technique, but it seems to be quite common.
I was curious as to how combobox dropdowns and menus work, so I did some more research.
Create the popup as an overlapped window, owned by the main window
This method is required if the popup has embedded controls, or if you want the popup to behave as a modeless dialog.
If the user is going to interact with child controls in the popup window, it must receive activation. (So the various techniques for blocking activation, such as handling WM_MOUSEACTIVATE are red herrings.) And when it receives activation, Windows will deactivate the main window. The fix for this is to send a WM_NCACTIVATE message to the parent to update its visual appearance without changing its activation status. This is the approach used by the .Net ToolStrip, and my other answer illustrates it with code.
Create the popup as a child of the Desktop window
This method is used by combobox dropdowns and (I guess) menus, but you can't embed child controls so it's not widely applicable.
The popup is a child window so it doesn't interfere with activation. It is always on top. Mouse capture is used to detect clicks outside the popup and dismiss it.
However, this isn't straightforward to implement. Activation remains with the main application, so it keeps the focus and receives keystrokes. This seems to preclude embedded controls in the popup because they can't receive focus. The combobox handles this by forwarding keystroke messages to its dropdown list. (Note that menus, combobox dropdowns, etc. are all entirely owner-draw in the sense that they have no embedded windows.)
In my "ancestor" question, Lars suggests what you mention - the ToolStrip. It seems to me that your research makes this best possible answer to the question; with the ToolStrip one possible implemenation of it.
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