Textbooks presented the Anschluss as an act of German aggression against innocent " victim " and methodically shifted blame to other countries , who gave Austria up during the hard times . The first textbooks blamed the western countries for appeasement of Hitler , in the 1960s the USSR temporarily became the main villain whom '' Austrians '' fought against in a '' just '' war . Until the 1970s the existence of Austrian movement for the Anschluss as well as Austrian Nazism was denied : according to the textbooks the society and its powers were a solid mass , every member of which equally was a " victim " of foreign forces . Authors of 1955 reading book held the Anschluss back : Austria was literally presented as a victim of German '' military '' aggression , just like Poland or France . Books of 1950s and 1960s mentioned the Holocaust rarely and in a reduced form of a minor episode . The topics of a traditional Austrian anti-Semitism and its role in the events of 1938-1945 were never discussed ; from the authors ' point of view the prosecution of Jews had been an exclusive consequence of Hitler 's personal animosity . In the 1960s a typical cliché of Austrian school programmes was an indispensable comparison of the Holocaust and Hiroshima or sometimes Katyn massacre . But the description of the catastrophes in Hiroshima and Nagasaki took more place than the description of the events inside Austria itself . School impressed the idea that the Allies have not been any better than Axis powers , and Nazi crimes have not been something extreme
Katyn massacre
Katyn massacre
Austria – the Nazis' first victim