In their attempts to suppress the resistance , German and Italian Fascist forces ( especially the SS , Gestapo , and paramilitary militias such as Xª MAS and Black Brigades ) committed war crimes , including summary executions and systematic reprisals against civilian population . Resistance captives and suspects were often tortured and raped . Some of the most notorious mass atrocities included the Ardeatine massacre ( 335 Jewish civilians and political prisoners executed without a trial in a reprisal operation after a resistance bomb attack in Rome ) , the Sant ' Anna di Stazzema massacre ( about 560 random villagers brutally killed in an anti-partisan operation in the central mountains ) , the Marzabotto massacre ( about 770 civilians killed in similar circumstances ) and the Salussola massacre ( 20 partisans murdered after being tortured , as a reprisal ) . In all , an estimated 15,000 Italian civilians were deliberately killed , including many women and children
Salussola massacre
Salussola massacre
Italian resistance movement