Morgenthau 's delegation was met by thousands of Polish Jews in Warsaw and other Polish cities it visited , although Morgenthau – an assimilationist , critical of Jewish nationalism – was shunned by Polish Zionist leaders . While the Polish Jewish press gave the delegation a warm welcome , the non-Jewish Polish press response ranged from cool to overtly hostile with instances of open expressions of anti-Jewish hostility . The daily '' Robotnicza '' called for a complete boycott of Polish Jews , while the leading weekly '' Mysl Niepodlegla '' accused Wilson of siding against the Polish people in favor of Jews who " live upon usury , fraud , receiving of stolen goods , white slavery , counterfeiting and willful bankruptcy . " While Paderewski had welcomed the investigation , Morgenthau found hostility in other Polish political circles , especially from the camps of National Democratic Party ( " Endecja " ) leader Roman Dmowski and his rival , Chief of State Jozef Pilsudski . Compared to Paderewski , who had substantial U.S. support , Pilsudski at the time was regarded as a less reliable military adventurer , and was described by Morgenthau as a " high-class pirate . " Pilsudski resented the interference of Morgenthau 's mission in Polish affairs , although he was acknowledged as an opponent of the open anti-semitism of Dmowski and a leader committed to a liberal policy towards Jews and other minorities that respected their rights . Morgenthau immersed himself in meetings with representatives of all segments of Polish society from all sides of the dispute . He attended a packed service for the 35 Jewish victims of the Pinsk massacre of April 1919 , noting afterward that " This was the first time I ever completely realized what the collective grief of a persecuted people was like . " The Morgenthau report ultimately identified eight major incidents in the years 1918 – 1919 , and estimated the number of victims at between 200 and 300 Jews . Four of these were attributed to the actions of deserters and undisciplined individual soldiers ; none were blamed on official government policy . Among the incidents investigated by the Morgenthau mission was the Pinsk massacre . In Pinsk , a Polish officer accused a group of Jewish civilians who had gathered at a town meeting to discuss the distribution of American relief aid of being Bolsheviks and of plotting against the Poles . Thirty-five of the men were summarily executed . The Morgenthau mission issued a strong condemnation of the commander responsible : While it is recognized that certain information of Bolshevist activities in Pinsk had been reported by two Jewish soldiers , we are convinced that Major Luczynski , the Town Commander , showed reprehensible and frivolous readiness to place credence in such untested assertions , and on this insufficient basis took inexcusably drastic action against reputable citizens whose loyal character could have been immediately established by a consultation with any well known non-Jewish inhabitant . In Lviv ( then Lwów or Lemberg ) in 1918 , after the Polish Army captured the city , 72 Jews were killed by a Polish mob that included Polish soldiers . The report states that in Lviv " disreputable elements from the Polish Army plundered to the extent of many millions of crowns the dwellings and stores in the Jewish quarter , and did not hesitate to murder when they met with resistance . " Some other events in Poland were later found to have been exaggerated , especially by contemporary newspapers such as the '' New York Times '' , although serious abuses against the Jews , including pogroms , continued elsewhere , especially in Ukraine . The result of the concern over the fate of Poland 's Jews was a series of explicit clauses in the Versailles Treaty protecting the rights of minorities in Poland . In 1921 , Poland 's March Constitution gave the Jews the same legal rights as other citizens and guaranteed them religious tolerance
Pinsk massacre
Pinsk massacre
Morgenthau Report