In 1936 there were some anti-Semitic attacks in Thessaloniki . Moshe was then 11 years old . Although his family was Zionist , they never thought of leaving Thessaloniki . When the Germans invaded Thessaloniki ( April 9 , 1941 ) , everything changed : " When the Germans entered , we felt a big fear ... because we knew from the newspapers what happened in Germany : the Kristallnacht , the persecutions . " Moshe 's father died on April 15 , 1941 , six days after the Germans invaded Thessaloniki
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht
Moshe Ha-Elion