The war was concluded by the Treaty of Lausanne ( 1923 ) , according to which there was to be a population exchange between Greece and Turkey on the basis of religion . Over one million Orthodox Christians left Turkey in exchange for 400,000 Muslims from Greece . The events of 1919 – 1922 are regarded in Greece as a particularly calamitous period of history . Between 1914 and 1923 , an estimated 750,000 to 900,000 Greeks died at the hands of the Ottoman Turks , in what many scholars have termed a genocide
genocide
Greek genocide
History of Greece