After assuming control of government , Caesar began a program of social and governmental reforms , including the creation of the Julian calendar . He gave citizenship to many residents of far regions of the Roman Empire . He initiated land reform and support for veterans . He centralized the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed " dictator for life " ( Latin : " '' dictator perpetuo '' " ) , giving him additional authority . His populist and authoritarian reforms angered the elites , who began to conspire against him . On the Ides of March ( 15 March ) , 44 BC , Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus , Marcus Junius Brutus and Decimus Junius Brutus , who stabbed him to death . A new series of civil wars broke out and the constitutional government of the Republic was never fully restored . Caesar 's adopted heir Octavian , later known as Augustus , rose to sole power after defeating his opponents in the civil war . Octavian set about solidifying his power , and the era of the Roman Empire began
Caesar was assassinated
Assassination of Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar