In 1746 , another powerful earthquake severely damaged Lima and destroyed Callao , forcing a massive rebuilding effort under Viceroy José Antonio Manso de Velasco . In the later half of the 18th century , Enlightenment ideas on public health and social control shaped development . During this period , Lima was adversely affected by the Bourbon Reforms as it lost its monopoly on overseas trade and its control over the mining region of Upper Peru . The city 's economic decline left its elite dependent on royal and ecclesiastical appointment and thus , reluctant to advocate independence
another powerful earthquake
1746 Lima–Callao earthquake
Lima