Some of his other books are : Upon his release , Azad returned to a political atmosphere charged with sentiments of outrage and rebellion against British rule . The Indian public had been angered by the passage of the Rowlatt Acts in 1919 , which severely restricted civil liberties and individual rights . Consequently , thousands of political activists had been arrested and many publications banned . The killing of unarmed civilians at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 13 April 1919 had provoked intense outrage all over India , alienating most Indians , including long-time British supporters , from the authorities . The Khilafat struggle had also peaked with the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and the raging Turkish War of Independence , which had made the caliphate 's position precarious . India 's main political party , the Indian National Congress came under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , who had aroused excitement all over India when he led the farmers of Champaran and Kheda in a successful revolt against British authorities in 1918 . Gandhi organised the people of the region and pioneered the art of '' Satyagraha '' — combining mass civil disobedience with complete non-violence and self-reliance
killing of unarmed civilians at Jallianwala Bagh
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Abul Kalam Azad