The most egregious violation of the stated intention of the removal policy took place under the Treaty of New Echota , which was signed by a dissident faction of Cherokees but not the principal chief . The following year , the Cherokee conceded to removal , but Georgia included their land in a lottery for European-American settlement before that . President Jackson used the military to gather and transport the Cherokee to the west , whose timing and lack of adequate supplies led to the deaths of an estimated 4,000 Cherokees on the Trail of Tears . About 17,000 Cherokees , along with approximately 2,000 enslaved blacks held by Cherokees , were taken by force migration to Indian Territory
Trail of Tears
Trail of Tears
History of Native Americans in the United States