Some scholars estimate that about 80 % of the 600,000 or more Dzungar were destroyed by a combination of disease and warfare . Outer Mongolia was given relative autonomy , being administered by the hereditary Genghisid khanates of Tusheet Khan , Setsen Khan , Zasagt Khan and Sain Noyon Khan . The Jebtsundamba Khutuktu of Mongolia had immense '' de facto '' authority . The Manchu forbade mass Chinese immigration into the area , which allowed the Mongols to keep their culture . The Oirats who migrated to the Volga steppes in Russia became known as Kalmyks
Dzungar were destroyed
Dzungar genocide
Mongolia