Timothy Snyder put the total death toll in the " Bloodlands " at 14 million victims of both Stalin and Hitler , including Jewish civilians transported to German death camps in Poland , Polish intelligentsia killed in war crimes ( see Katyn massacre ) , disarmed military personnel in occupied countries , and prisoners of war . Snyder pointed out that " I am not counting soldiers who died on the fields of battle " . He said this " is not a complete reckoning of all the death that Soviet and German power brought to the region " . Snyder identifies those victims killed as a result of " deliberate policies of mass murder " by governments , such as executions , deliberate famine and death camps . Snyder said that he " generally excludes from the count " deaths due to exertion , disease , or malnutrition in concentration camps ; deportations , forced labor , evacuations ; people who died of hunger as a result of wartime shortfalls , and civilians killed by bombings or other acts of war . The geographic area covered by the " Bloodlands " is limited to Poland , Ukraine , Belarus , the Baltic states and western Russian regions occupied by Germany . Regarding the figures , Snyder noted , " again , my reckoning is on the conservative side . " Timothy Snyder provided a summary of the 14 million victims
Katyn massacre
Katyn massacre
Bloodlands