Begin ’s most significant achievement as Prime Minister was the signing of a peace treaty with Egypt in 1979 , for which he and Anwar Sadat shared the Nobel Prize for Peace . In the wake of the Camp David Accords , the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula , which was captured from Egypt in the Six-Day War . Later , Begin ’s government promoted the construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip . Begin authorized the bombing of the Osirak nuclear plant in Iraq and the invasion of Lebanon in 1982 to fight PLO strongholds there , igniting the 1982 Lebanon War . As Israeli military involvement in Lebanon deepened , and the Sabra and Shatila massacre , carried out by Christian Phalangist militia allies of the Israelis , shocked world public opinion , Begin grew increasingly isolated . As IDF forces remained mired in Lebanon and the economy suffered from hyperinflation , the public pressure on Begin mounted . Depressed by the death of his wife Aliza in November 1982 , he gradually withdrew from public life , until his resignation in October 1983
Sabra and Shatila massacre
Sabra and Shatila massacre
Menachem Begin