Prior to the events in Sharpville , Chiba was an activist in the Transvaal Indian Congress in the late 1950s and the South African Communist Party in 1960 . After the Sharpeville massacre in 1960 , he concluded that peaceful protest had failed and military action was necessary , so he joined the ANC 's armed wing , Umkhonto we Sizwe ( MK ) in 1961
Sharpeville massacre
Sharpeville massacre
Laloo Chiba