After perpetrating wholesale massacres on the native Dzungar population in the Dzungar genocide , in 1759 , the Qing finally consolidated their authority by settling Chinese emigrants , together with a Manchu Qing garrison . The Qing put the whole region under the rule of a General of Ili , headquartered at the fort of Huiyuan ( the so-called " Manchu Kuldja " , or Yili ) , 30 km west of Ghulja ( Yining ) . The Qing dynasty Qianlong Emperor conquered the Dzungarian plateau and the Tarim Basin , bringing the two separate regions , respectively north and south of the Tianshan mountains , under his rule as Xinjiang . The south was inhabited by Turkic Muslims ( Uyghurs ) and the north by Dzungar Mongols . The Dzungars were also called " Eleuths " or " Kalmyks "
Dzungar genocide
Dzungar genocide
Xinjiang under Qing rule