When the war in Europe ended in May 1945 , as many as two million former Russian citizens were forcefully repatriated into the USSR . On February 11 , 1945 , at the conclusion of the Yalta Conference , the United States and United Kingdom signed a Repatriation Agreement with the Soviet Union . One interpretation of this agreement resulted in the forcible repatriation of all Soviets . British and U.S. civilian authorities ordered their military forces in Europe to deport to the Soviet Union up to two million former residents of the Soviet Union , including persons who had left the Russian Empire and established different citizenship years before . The forced repatriation operations took place from 1945 – 47
Yalta Conference
Yalta Conference
Gulag