After 1933 , Czechoslovakia remained the only democracy in central and eastern Europe . However , in 1938 the Munich Agreement severed the Sudetenland , with a considerable Czech minority , from Czechoslovakia , and in 1939 the German Nazi regime established the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia for '' Resttschechei '' ( the rump Czech state ) . Emil Hácha became president of the protectorate under Nazi domination , which only allowed pro-Nazi Czech associations and tended to stress ties of the Czechs with the Bohemian Germans and other parts of the German people , in order to facilitate assimilation by Germanization . In Lidice , Ležáky and Javoříčko the Nazi authorities committed war crimes against the local Czech population . On May 2 , 1945 , the Prague Uprising reached its peak , supported by the Russian Liberation Army . The post-war expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia and the immediate reprisals against Germans and Nazi collaborators by Czech resistance and the Czechoslovak state authorities , made Czechs — especially in the early 1950s — settle alongside Slovaks and Romani people in the former lands of the Sudeten Germans , who had been deported to East Germany , West Germany and Austria according to the Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference
Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Conference
Czechs