The first Palestinian uprising began in 1987 as a response to escalating attacks and the endless occupation . By the early 1990s , international efforts to settle the conflict had begun , in light of the success of the Egyptian – Israeli peace treaty of 1982 . Eventually , the Israeli – Palestinian peace process led to the Oslo Accords of 1993 , allowing the PLO to relocate from Tunisia and take ground in the West Bank and Gaza Strip , establishing the Palestinian National Authority . The peace process also had significant opposition among radical Islamic elements of Palestinian society , such as Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad , who immediately initiated a campaign of attacks targeting Israelis . Following hundreds of casualties and a wave of radical anti-government propaganda , Israeli Prime Minister Rabin was assassinated by an Israeli fanatic who objected to the peace initiative . This struck a serious blow to the peace process , from which the newly elected government of Israel in 1996 backed off
Rabin was assassinated
Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
Israeli–Palestinian conflict