Until the source documents were published in Moscow in 2004 , some Russian historians had estimated the number of prisoners and the death toll to be much higher , estimating that the death toll ranged from 40,000 to more than 100,000 . For example , Irina Mikhutina in her 1995 publications estimated the number of prisoners to be 165,000 and the death toll to be 70,000 . In 1998 Russian popular press reported that Polish internment camp in Tuchola was particularly notorious for the large number of Soviet POW 's deaths and was dubbed a " death camp " by the Russian Emigrant press from within Poland . There have also been accusations from the Russian side that the death toll was influenced by the indifference of the camp authorities . Other historians have also noted that Russian historians used those numbers to justify the World War II Katyn massacre of Polish officers and intelligentsia by the NKVD . Such usage has become known as " Anti-Katyn "
Katyn massacre
Katyn massacre
Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland (1919–24)