In retaliation , the German troops killed 335 persons , prisoners and people rounded up , almost all of them civilians in the Ardeatine massacre , organized and conducted by SS Obersturmbannführer ( Lieutenant colonel ) Herbert Kappler , head of Sicherheitspolizei ( " Security Police " ) and Sicherheitsdienst ( " Security Service " ) in Rome
Ardeatine massacre
Ardeatine massacre
Via Rasella attack