Given the small , clandestine character of terrorist cells , it is easy to assume they necessarily constitute leaderless resistance models . When there is bidirectional communication with external leadership , however , the label is inappropriate . The men who executed the bombings of the London Underground on July 7 , 2005 constituted a leaderless resistance cell in that they purportedly acted out of sympathy for Islamic fundamentalism but under their own auspices . The hijackers involved in the September 11 attacks , by contrast , allegedly received training , direction , and funding from Al-Qaeda , and are not properly designated a leaderless cell
September 11 attacks
September 11 attacks
Leaderless resistance