Nawaphon organization ( , alternatively transcribed as '' Navapol '' , '' Nawapol '' , '' Nawaphol '' , translated variously as ' new force ' , ' ninth force ' , ) or ' nine new forces ' was a Thai extreme right-wing , patriotic , Buddhist and anti-communist propaganda organization active during the country 's short democratic period in the mid-1970s . Nawaphon has been described as a psychological warfare unit . Its mission : to support the Red Gaurs and propagandize the Thai population . Nawaphon was set up by Wattana Kiewvimol in 1974 . Wattana had been the head of the '' Thai Students Association in the United States '' , when he studied at Seton Hall University . Nawaphon was supported by the Internal Security Operations Command of the Thai military and the Ministry of Interior . The group was said to have links to wealthy businessmen , politicians , the National Security Council , and Thai military intelligence . Nawaphon rallied merchants , businessmen , and monks who were opposed to social change and democracy , fearing for their wealth . The organization attracted a number of Buddhist monks , the most prominent being Kittiwuttho Bhikkhu , who infamously said that killing communists was not a sin . The movement was opposed to parliamentary democracy and campaigned for the three principles of nation , religion , monarchy . Nawaphon attracted considerable support due to the common feeling that these national principles were threatened by left-wing forces . In 1976 , the group was thought to have 30,000 – 50,000 members . Nawaphon played a key role in the anti-leftist agitation that led to the Thammasat University massacre on 6 October 1976 , in which members of the organization were involved . After the coup re-establishing the military rule following the massacre , Nawaphon 's popularity diminished due to suspicions that it had become a means of catering to the ambitions of the military clique
Thammasat University massacre
Thammasat University massacre
Nawaphon