Postwar Poland was a chaotic country in which pro-Soviet communists and patriotic nationalists fought each other . Hundreds of Jews were murdered in anti-Jewish violence , including numerous functionaries of the new Stalinist regime . In the Kielce pogrom of 1946 , thirty-seven Jews were brutally murdered . Until today the debate in Poland continues about the inferred evidence of the Soviet NKVD provocation and the presence of Russian soldiers in the killings . Between 1945 and 1948 , 100,000 &ndash; 120,000 Jews left Poland . Their departure was largely organized by the Zionist activists in Poland such as Adolf Berman and Icchak Cukierman under the umbrella of a semi-clandestine , tolerated by the government of Poland , organization '' Berihah '' ( " Flight " ) . Berman 's brother Jakub supervised security forces , so he was one of the most influential people in Poland . '' Berihah '' was also responsible for the organized emigration of Jews from Romania , Hungary , Czechoslovakia , and Yugoslavia totaling 250,000 ( including Poland ) Holocaust survivors
Kielce pogrom
Kielce pogrom
History of the Jews in 20th-century Poland