Cleopatra traveled to Rome as a client queen in 46 and 44 BC , staying at his villa . Following Caesar 's assassination in 44 BC Cleopatra attempted to have Caesarion named as his heir . Caesar 's grandnephew Octavian ( known as Augustus by 27 BC , when he became the first Roman emperor ) thwarted this . Cleopatra then had her brother Ptolemy XIV killed and elevated her son Caesarion as co-ruler . In the Liberators ' civil war of 43 – 42 BC , Cleopatra sided with the Roman Second Triumvirate formed by Octavian , Mark Antony , and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus . She developed a personal relationship with Mark Antony that would eventually produce three children : the twins Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II , and Ptolemy Philadelphus . Antony used his authority as triumvir to carry out the execution of Arsinoe IV at Cleopatra 's request . He became increasingly reliant on Cleopatra for both funding and military aid during his invasions of the Parthian Empire and the Kingdom of Armenia . Although his invasion of Parthia was unsuccessful , he managed to occupy Armenia . He brought King Artavasdes II back to Alexandria in 34 BC as a prisoner in his mock Roman triumph hosted by Cleopatra . This was followed by the Donations of Alexandria , in which Cleopatra 's children with Antony received various territories under Antony 's triumviral authority . Cleopatra was named the Queen of Kings and Caesarion the King of Kings . This event , along with Antony 's marriage to Cleopatra and divorce of Octavia Minor , sister of Octavian , marked a turning point that led to the Final War of the Roman Republic
Caesar 's assassination
Assassination of Julius Caesar
Reign of Cleopatra