The causes and characteristics of Islamophobia are also subjects of debate . Some commentators have posited an increase in Islamophobia resulting from the September 11 attacks , the rise of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant , and other terror attacks in Europe and the United States by Islamic extremists . Some have associated it with the increased presence of Muslims in the United States and in the European Union , while others view it as a response to the emergence of a global Muslim identity
September 11 attacks
September 11 attacks
Islamophobia