There were also a number of new faces in the government , including a literary academic , Georges Pompidou , who had written to one of de Gaulle 's recruiting agents offering his services , and Jean Monnet , who in spite of his past opposition to the General now recognized the need for unity and served as Commissioner for Economic Planning . Of equal rank to ministers and answerable only to the prime minister , a number of Commissioners of the Republic ( Commissaires de la République ) were appointed to re-establish the democratic institutions of France and to extend the legitimacy of the provisional government . A number of former Free French associates served as commissioners , including Henri Fréville , Raymond Aubrac and Michel Debré , who was charged with reforming the civil service . Controversially , de Gaulle also appointed Maurice Papon as Commissioner for Aquitaine in spite of his involvement in the deportation of Jews while serving as a senior police official in the Vichy regime during the occupation . ( Over the years , Papon remained in high official positions but continued to be implicated in controversial events such as the Paris massacre of 1961 , eventually being convicted of crimes against humanity in 1998 . ) In social policy , legislation was introduced in February 1945 that provided for the establishment of works committees in all private industrial establishments employing more than 50 ( originally more than 100 ) people
Paris massacre of 1961
Paris massacre of 1961
Charles de Gaulle