Before the September 11 attacks , business insurers generally neither charged for nor specifically excluded terrorism coverage . The scope of the 9/11 attacks and the resulting $ 40 billion estimated insured loss changed perceptions dramatically . It was the worst terrorist attack on record for both property and fatalities and the worst international attack on American soil since the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor , as nearly 3,000 people lost their lives in New York City , Washington , D.C. , and Stonycreek Township near Shanksville , Pennsylvania
September 11 attacks
September 11 attacks
Terrorism Risk Insurance Act