The Reivers became so much of a nuisance to the Scottish and English governments that , in 1525 , the Archbishop of Glasgow Gavin Dunbar cursed all the reivers of the borderlands . The curse was detailed in 1,069 words , beginning : " I curse their head and all the hairs of their head ; I curse their face , their brain ( innermost thoughts ) , their mouth , their nose , their tongue , their teeth , their forehead , their shoulders , their breast , their heart , their stomach , their back , their womb , their arms , their leggs , their hands , their feet and every part of their body , from the top of their head to the soles of their feet , before and behind , within and without . " After the Pilgrimage of Grace , Henry VIII , concerned at the weakness of his hold on the North , employed ( 1539 ) the engineer Stefan von Haschenperg to modernise the defences of Carlisle . von Haschenperg was sacked in 1543 for having " spent great treasures to no purpose " ; but ( by him and his successors ) at the north end the castle towers were converted to artillery platforms , at the south the mediaeval Bochard gate was converted into the Citadel , an artillery fortification with two massive artillery towers . The death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603 and her succession by James VI of Scotland as King James I of England allowed more determined and coordinated efforts to suppress reiving . The borderers were not quick to change their ways and many were hanged and whole families were exiled to Ireland . It was not until 1681 that the problem of the reivers was acknowledged as no longer an issue
Pilgrimage of Grace
Pilgrimage of Grace
Carlisle