Several terms including Paul Gilroy ’s '' counter culture of modernity '' and Tani E. Barlow 's '' Colonial modernity '' have been used to describe the kind of alternative modernity that emerged in non-European contexts . Professor Gall argues that ‘ Contextual Modernism ’ is a more suited term because “ the colonial in '' colonial modernity '' does not accommodate the refusal of many in colonized situations to internalize inferiority . Santiniketan ’s artist teachers ’ refusal of subordination incorporated a counter vision of modernity , which sought to correct the racial and cultural essentialism that drove and characterized imperial Western modernity and modernism . Those European modernities , projected through a triumphant British colonial power , provoked nationalist responses , equally problematic when they incorporated similar essentialisms . ” In '' Provincializing Europe '' ( 2000 ) , Dipesh Chakrabarty charted the subaltern history of the Indian struggle for independence , and countered Eurocentric , Western scholarship about non-Western peoples and cultures , by proposing that Western Europe simply be considered as culturally equal to the other cultures of the world , that is , as " one region among many " in human geography . Derek Gregory argues the long trajectory through history of British and American colonization is an ongoing process still happening today . In '' The Colonial Present '' , Gregory traces connections between the geopolitics of events happening in modern-day Afghanistan , Palestine , and Iraq and links it back to the us-and-them binary relation between the Western and Eastern world . Building upon the ideas of the other and Said 's work on orientalism , Gregory critiques the economic policy , military apparatus , and transnational corporations as vehicles driving present day colonialism . Emphasizing ideas of discussing ideas around colonialism in the present tense , Gregory utilizes modern events such as the September 11 attacks to tell spatial stories around the colonial behavior happening due to the War on Terror
September 11 attacks
September 11 attacks
Postcolonialism