Mandel had a Jewish community until sometime between 1938 and 1943 . It arose sometime in the 18th century . The number of Jewish inhabitants in the 19th century developed as follows : in 1808 , there were 25 ; in 1858 , 75 ; in 1895 , 48 . From the mid-19th century , the Jews living in Weinsheim also belonged to the Jewish community in Mandel . In the way of institutions , there were a synagogue ( see '' ' Synagogue ' '' below ) , a Jewish school ( this was housed at the Jewish schoolhouse on Rathausstraße ) , a mikveh and a graveyard ( see '' ' Jewish graveyard ' '' below ) . To provide for the community 's religious needs , a schoolteacher was hired , who also busied himself as the hazzan and the shochet . An advertisement for homemade kosher wine for Passover in the magazine '' Der Israelit '' on 17 March 1884 referred to the community 's “ strictly religious religion teacher ” whose name was Mr. Eppstein . One member of Mandel 's Jewish community fell in the First World War , Leo Michel ( b. 17 October 1895 in Mandel , d. 27 August 1918 ) . Also , a former Mandel resident who had moved to Kreuznach by 1914 , Isaak Rauner ( b. 30 April 1884 in Mandel , d. 9 April 1918 ) fell in the Great War . In 1925 , the Jewish community still had 22 members . In 1932 , the community 's head was Emil Marx . In 1933 , there were still 23 Jews living in Mandel . After 1933 , the year when Adolf Hitler and the Nazis seized power , though , some of the Jews moved away or even emigrated in the face of the boycotting of their businesses , the progressive stripping of their rights and repression , all brought about by the Nazis . On Kristallnacht ( 9 – 10 November 1938 ) , the synagogue 's interior was utterly destroyed by Brownshirt thugs ( their commander is believed to have been from Roxheim ) , and perhaps worse , several Jewish homes were also invaded and demolished ( the Families Marx , Michel and Salomon ) . Some locals also eagerly participated in the destruction of Jewish property that night . Particularly bad was the effect on community head Marx 's family ( a butcher ’s shop on Hauptstraße ) . Marx had been left lame in the right arm in the First World War ( for which he had been awarded the Iron Cross , First Class ) ; Mr. and Mrs. Marx had four children , two of whom ( Karola and Ernst ) were deaf and dumb . The Family Marx ’s home and business were utterly destroyed . The parents and the two deaf children were later murdered after being deported . According to the '' Gedenkbuch – Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945 '' ( “ Memorial Book – Victims of the Persecution of the Jews under National Socialist Tyranny ” ) and Yad Vashem , of all Jews who either were born in Mandel or lived there for a long time , 17 died in the time of the Third Reich ( birthdates in brackets ) : As at 31 October 2013 , there are 896 full-time residents in Mandel , and of those , 500 are Evangelical ( 55.804 % ) , 242 are Catholic ( 27.009 % ) , 10 ( 1.116 % ) belong to other religious groups and 144 ( 16.071 % ) either have no religion or will not reveal their religious affiliation
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht
Mandel, Germany