The paper begins by discussing the event the blended method is being applied to ( the disaster itself ) . An introduction to some of the communication surrounding the event is presented , including public addresses from Senior Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) officer David Hinsonand , and a damage control speech given by the United States Secretary of Transportation Federico Pena , who is quoted in the paper saying , " I 've flown ValuJet . ValuJet is a safe airline , as is our entire aviation system . Whenever we have found any issues , ValuJet has been responsive , they have been cooperative , they have in some cases even exceeded the safety standards that we have . " The paper then defines crisis communication largely in terms of what is and is not a legitimate crisis situation , and how the word is improperly used in many context today . It is continued by briefly explaining each of the three approaches that are used to create the blended methodology . In the paper Fishman states , “ The models used in conjunction strengthen rather than undermine the claims that each approach offers , and that each model provides insights that reinforce constructs that the other model ignores or undervalues . ” He applies his blend to the ValuJet crisis by demonstrating what pieces of each model most appropriately fit each step in the crisis communication process . For example , he applies the Prodromal Stage of Fink 's model to the initial occurrence of the ValuJet crash , because Benoit 's model would require an accusation , and is more appropriate than Birkland 's “ focusing event ” concept . This application theme continues throughout the paper , thus making Fishman 's large contribution blended methodology
disaster itself
ValuJet Flight 592
D.A. Fishman