In 1989 , the first efforts towards gender specific aid for refugees was published in United Nations High Commission on Refugee manuals . The first initiatives of gender mainstreaming in refugee aid were developed in response to the refugee crises of Guatemala , Bosnia-Herzegovina , and Rwanda . Since that time , the concept of gender mainstreaming has gained traction in a variety of refugee aid initiatives , yet experts believe that there are gaps between the policies they outline and the experience of refugee women
Guatemala
Guatemalan genocide
Refugee women