After Adolf Hitler 's rise to power in 1933 , Charles Bettelheim broke away from his familiar environment , first joining the " Young Communists " ( '' Jeunesses communistes '' ) , and subsequently the French Communist Party . In addition to his studies in philosophy , sociology , law and psychology , he also learned Russian . In July 1936 , he arrived in Moscow with a tourist visa . Thanks to his mastery of the language , he was able to get a resident permit for five months , during which time he worked as a tourist guide , and later on with the French edition of the Moscow Journal , and finally at Mosfilm , where he directed film dubbing . His experiences during his Moscow stay , in the anxious atmosphere at the beginning of the " purges " and the trials of the Bolshevik leaders who opposed Joseph Stalin , made him keep a critical distance from the Soviet Union , without actually abandoning his Communist convictions . He was excluded from the Communist Party for his " slanderous " remarks . In 1937 , he married a young militant Communist , Lucette Beauvallet . During the German occupation , he cooperated with the French Trotskyists ( the Internationalist Workers Party )
purges
Great Purge
Charles Bettelheim