As early as the Middle Ages , there were Jews living in Sobernheim , with the first mention of them coming from 1301 . During the persecution in the time of the Plague in 1348 and 1349 , Jews were murdered here , too . In 1357 , Archbishop Gerlach of Mainz took two Jews into his protection and allowed them to settle in either Bingen or Sobernheim . Jews were mentioned as being in the town once again in 1384 . In the earlier half of the 15th century , there were four or five Jewish families . These families earned their livelihoods at moneylending . In 1418 , four Jewish families each paid 10 Rhenish guilders , a woman 4 guilders and three poor Jews 4 guilders in yearly tax to the Mainz stewardship or the Empire . In 1429 , all the Jews at Sobernheim ( named were Hirtz , Gomprecht , Smohel , Mayer , Smohel 's mother and others ) , together with those throughout the Archbishopric of Mainz , were taken prisoner . It is not believed that this resulted in banishment . Nonetheless , there were clearly no Jews living in Sobernheim in the mid 16th century . The founding of the modern Jewish community came sometime in the 16th or 17th century . Then living in the town were up to five families with all together 20 to 30 persons . After the French Revolution , the community grew from 64 persons in 1808 to a peak of 135 persons in 1895 . Beginning in the late 19th century , though , the number of Jews in the town shrank as some either moved away or emigrated . Among Sobernheim 's Jews in the 19th and 20th centuries were livestock dealers , butchers , textile sellers , farm product sellers , shoemakers , leather dealers , shop owners and stocking manufacturers . Of particular importance in this last field of business was the Marum stocking factory . In the way of institutions , there were a synagogue ( see '' ' Synagogue ' '' below ) , a Jewish elementary and religious school with a teacher 's dwelling at the house at Marumstraße 20 ( this house had been donated after the synagogue 's consecration in 1859 by Isaac Werner as a school building ) , a mikveh ( while a supposedly mediaeval one was also unearthed at the house at Großstraße 53 in 1996 ) and a graveyard ( see '' ' Jewish graveyard ' '' below ) . To provide for the community 's religious needs , an elementary schoolteacher ( but later only a religion teacher ) was hired , who also busied himself as the hazzan and , although this is not known for sure , as the shochet . Preserved is a whole series of job advertisements for such a position in Sobernheim from such publications as the '' Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums '' . This one appeared in that newspaper on 1 August 1853 : The local Jewish community seeks for 1 September of this year an efficient elementary teacher and cantor . He must be a native , receives 160 Thaler as salary along with free dwelling and heating . Interested parties please announce themselves as soon as possible , and include a copy of their examination and service records . Sobernheim in Rhenish Prussia . School board J. Werner , J. Klein . The successful applicant for this job was Alexander Cahn , who then worked in Sobernheim for several decades and was the figure who characterized Sobernheim 's Jewish community life in the latter half of the 19th century . He also established a successful Jewish boarding school for boys in the town . Beginning in 1890 , schoolteacher Simon Berendt was active in the community . With him , the community celebrated the synagogue 's reconsecration in 1904 . He celebrated his own 25 years of service in Sobernheim in 1915 . In the First World War , four men from Sobernheim 's Jewish community fell : Their names appear on the memorial to the fallen at the Jewish graveyard . In the mid 1920s , Sobernheim 's Jewish community still had some 80 persons within a total population of roughly 3,850 ( 2.1 % ) . Also belonging to the town 's Jewish community were the Jews living in Meddersheim ( in the mid 1920s , this amounted to 16 persons ) . The synagogue was then headed by Leopold Loeb , Heinrich Kallmann and Gustav Hesse . In the meantime , Julius Katzenstein had been hired as the cantor and religion teacher . He taught religion at the town 's public school to 14 Jewish children . In the way of Jewish clubs , there were a Jewish women 's club whose task it was to see to the community 's welfare , the club Chewroth whose task it was to see to care of the sick and burials and a Liberal Youth Association . The community belonged to the Koblenz Rabbinate Region . In the early 1930s , the community 's leaders were Alfred Marum , Heinrich Kallmann and Mr. Haas . For representation , nine members were part of the leadership , under Richard Wolf 's and Moses Fried 's chairmanship . The cantor by this time was Felix Moses . In 1933 , there were still 83 Jewish inhabitants among the town 's population . After 1933 , the year when Adolf Hitler and the Nazis seized power , though , some of the Jews moved away or even emigrated in the face of the boycotting of their businesses , the progressive stripping of their rights and repression , all brought about by the Nazis . By Kristallnacht ( 9 – 10 November 1938 ) , only 45 were left . In 1942 , the town 's last 12 Jewish inhabitants were deported . According to the '' Gedenkbuch – Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945 '' ( " Memorial Book – Victims of the Persecution of the Jews under National Socialist Tyranny " ) and Yad Vashem , of all Jews who either were born in Sobernheim or lived there for a long time , 40 died in the time of the Third Reich ( birthdates in brackets ) : Like many places in the region , Bad Sobernheim can claim to have had its dealings with the notorious outlaw Schinderhannes ( or Johannes Bückler , to use his true name ) . The " Steinhardter Hof " , an estate in the constituent community of Steinhardt , served him and his sidekick Peter Petri , known as " Schwarzer Peter " ( " Black Peter " ) , as a hideout for a while in the late 18th century
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht
Bad Sobernheim