On 9 November 1938 , Kristallnacht , the Bochum synagogue was set on fire and there was rioting against Jewish citizens . The first Jews from Bochum were deported to Nazi concentration camps and many Jewish institutions and homes were destroyed . Some 500 Jewish citizens are known by name to have been killed in the Holocaust , including 19 who were younger than 16 years old . Joseph Klirsfeld was Bochum 's rabbi at this time . He and his wife fled to Palestine . In December 1938 , the Jewish elementary school teacher Else Hirsch began organising groups of children and adolescents to be sent to the Netherlands and England , sending ten groups in all . Many Jewish children and those from other persecuted groups were taken in by Dutch families and thereby saved from abduction or deportation and death
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht
Bochum