Relations between Indians and British were strained in 1919 when the Imperial Legislative Council extended emergency wartime restrictions on civil liberties ; Jinnah resigned from it when it did . There was unrest across India , which worsened after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar , in which British troops fired upon a protest meeting , killing hundreds . In the wake of Amritsar , Gandhi , who had returned to India and become a widely respected leader and highly influential in the Congress , called for '' satyagraha '' against the British . Gandhi 's proposal gained broad Hindu support , and was also attractive to many Muslims of the Khilafat faction . These Muslims , supported by Gandhi , sought retention of the Ottoman caliphate , which supplied spiritual leadership to many Muslims . The caliph was the Ottoman Emperor , who would be deprived of both offices following his nation 's defeat in the First World War . Gandhi had achieved considerable popularity among Muslims because of his work during the war on behalf of killed or imprisoned Muslims . Unlike Jinnah and other leaders of the Congress , Gandhi did not wear western-style clothing , did his best to use an Indian language instead of English , and was deeply rooted in Indian culture . Gandhi 's local style of leadership gained great popularity with the Indian people . Jinnah criticised Gandhi 's Khilafat advocacy , which he saw as an endorsement of religious zealotry . Jinnah regarded Gandhi 's proposed '' satyagraha '' campaign as political anarchy , and believed that self-government should be secured through constitutional means . He opposed Gandhi , but the tide of Indian opinion was against him . At the 1920 session of the Congress in Nagpur , Jinnah was shouted down by the delegates , who passed Gandhi 's proposal , pledging '' satyagraha '' until India was independent . Jinnah did not attend the subsequent League meeting , held in the same city , which passed a similar resolution . Because of the action of the Congress in endorsing Gandhi 's campaign , Jinnah resigned from it , leaving all positions except in the Muslim League
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Muhammad Ali Jinnah