Since the 1995 Paris Métro and RER bombings , France has been sporadically targeted by Islamist organisations , notably the '' Charlie Hebdo '' attack in January 2015 which provoked the largest public rallies in French history , gathering 4.4 million people , the November 2015 Paris attacks which resulted in 130 deaths , the deadliest attack on French soil since World War II , and the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings in 2004 and the 2016 Nice attack which caused 87 deaths during Bastille Day celebrations . Opération Chammal , France 's military efforts to contain ISIS , killed over 1,000 ISIS troops between 2014 and 2015
Madrid train bombings in 2004
2004 Madrid train bombings
France