The Romans expanded from Arabia to Britannia . In 44 BC as it approached its height , its dictator Julius Caesar was murdered by senators in an attempt to restore the Republic . In the ensuing turmoil , Octavian ( ruled as Augustus ; and as '' divi filius '' , or Son of God , as Julius had adopted him as an heir ) usurped the reins of power and fought the Roman Senate . While proclaiming the rebirth of the Republic , he had ushered in the transfer of the Roman state from a republic to an empire , the Roman Empire , which lasted for more than four centuries until the fall of the Western Roman Empire
murdered
Assassination of Julius Caesar
History of Europe