As a result of this campaign , commissions began to fall off , and Shostakovich 's income fell by about three-quarters . His Fourth Symphony was due to receive its premiere on 11 December 1936 , but he withdrew it from the public , possibly because it was banned , and the symphony was not performed for 25 years , until 30 December 1961 . '' Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District '' was also suppressed . A bowdlerised version was eventually performed under a new title , '' Katerina Izmailova '' , on 8 January 1963 . The anti-Shostakovich campaign also served as a signal to artists working in other fields , including art , architecture , the theatre and cinema , with the writer Mikhail Bulgakov , the director Sergei Eisenstein , and the theatre director Vsevolod Meyerhold among the prominent targets . More widely , 1936 marked the beginning of the Great Terror , in which many of the composer 's friends and relatives were imprisoned or killed . These included his friend Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky ( shot months after his arrest ) ; his brother-in-law Vsevolod Frederiks ( a distinguished physicist , who was eventually released but died before he got home ) ; his close friend Nikolai Zhilyayev ( a musicologist who had taught Tukhachevsky ; shot shortly after his arrest ) ; his mother-in-law , the astronomer Sofiya Mikhaylovna Varzar ( sent to a camp in Karaganda ) ; his friend the Marxist writer Galina Serebryakova ( 20 years in camps ) ; his uncle Maxim Kostrykin ( died ) ; and his colleagues Boris Kornilov and Adrian Piotrovsky ( executed ) . His only consolation in this period was the birth of his daughter Galina in 1936 ; his son Maxim was born two years later
Great Terror
Great Purge
Dmitri Shostakovich