In the summer of 1955, Dr. John McCarthy began his role as an assistant professor of mathematics at Dartmouth College. Historians credit McCarthy with coining the term “Artificial Intelligence” in a proposal submitted to the Rockefeller Foundation.
 
The proposal, organized by McCarthy of Dartmouth College, Marvin Minsky of Harvard University, Nathaniel Rochester of IBM, and Claude E. Shannon of Bell Labs, outlined plans for a two-month, ten-man study on artificial intelligence. The goal was to convene the nation’s leading scientists, engineers, and mathematicians to collaboratively explore the concept of artificial intelligence and the steps required to achieve it.
 
The organizers initially requested $13,500 to fund the study. However, the Rockefeller Foundation approved only $7,500, reducing the study's duration to five weeks instead of the proposed two months. This is the story of that proposal. 

Programming a Calculator to Form Concepts.