The Federalist Papers, particularly Federalist No. 46 by James Madison, and the views of several Founding Fathers who supported the Second Amendment, provide key insights into why they believed the right to bear arms should never be surrendered:

1. **Defense Against Tyranny**: 
   - **Federalist No. 46**: Madison argues that an armed populace could serve as a check against potential tyranny by the federal government. He suggests that the militia (the armed citizenry) would provide a powerful deterrent against oppressive federal actions, thus balancing power between the states and the federal government. 
   - **Quotes from Founding Fathers**: Thomas Jefferson famously articulated this view by saying, "The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government."

2. **Security of a Free State**:
   - The Second Amendment itself states, "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." This underscores the belief that an armed populace is essential for maintaining a free society. 
   - George Mason, another key figure, emphasized during Virginia's ratification convention that, "To disarm the people... [i]s the most effectual way to enslave them."

3. **Individual Liberty and Self-Defense**:
   - Beyond government overreach, the right to bear arms was also seen as fundamental for individual self-defense. This was not just against crime but also against potential invasions or insurrections. 
   - Patrick Henry stated, "The great object is that every man be armed."

4. **Cultural and Civic Responsibility**:
   - The concept of an armed citizenry was part of the civic republicanism ethos, where citizens were expected to be virtuous and prepared to defend the republic. This was seen as part of the social contract in which citizens participate in the security of their community and nation.

5. **Historical Context**:
   - The recent memory of British disarmament policies before and during the Revolutionary War made the right to bear arms particularly poignant. The Founding Fathers were acutely aware of how disarmament could precede political subjugation.

These arguments collectively suggest that the Second Amendment was seen as an essential safeguard of liberty, not merely for hunting or sport but as a cornerstone of democratic governance and personal freedom. The idea was to ensure that the power balance never tipped too far in favor of the government, thereby preserving the republic's democratic nature. 

Thus, surrendering this right would, from the perspective of the Federalist Papers and some of the Founding Fathers, potentially compromise the very mechanisms that were designed to prevent tyranny and protect individual liberties.