In a mental health context this is called “Intermittent Reinforcement”: a conditioning schedule where the reward or positive outcome is given irregularly. In abusive relationships, the abuser might alternate between harsh enforcement of rules and sudden, unpredictable leniency, which can keep the victim hopeful for the "good times," thus making it harder to leave the relationship.

These tactics can be used to maintain control over the victim by making the abuser appear benevolent or reasonable at times, while still enforcing a dynamic where the abuser holds all the power. Awareness of these patterns is crucial for both victims and those around them to understand and seek help to break free from such cycles.