Oil paint on canvas
Text and Language
Tate Collection
Works with images
Works on loan
General Collection
ARTIST ROOMS
National Heritage Memorial Fund
Art Fund
Collection
<a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/jenny-holzer-1307" aria-label="More by Jenny Holzer" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Jenny Holzer</a>
Protect Protect
ARTIST ROOMS
Acquired jointly with the National Galleries of Scotland through The d'Offay Donation with assistance from the National Heritage Memorial Fund and the Art Fund 2008
abstraction
arrow
colonialism
diagrammatic
emotions, concepts and ideas
formal qualities
inscriptions
map
non-representational
printed text
social comment
society
symbols and personifications
text
<p>In this work by American artist Jenny Holzer, an image of a military map of Iraq has been screen-printed onto a linen canvas covered in a thin, translucent layer of violet oil paint. The map was first photocopied onto clear film, called a photo-stencil, which was used in the screen-printing process to transfer the image onto the canvas. The map features various labels, arrows and symbols. Three signs for military jets point towards the capital city of Baghdad, which lies almost at the centre of the screen print. Three labels reading ‘Protect’ frame the north, west and south sides of the map (where Iraq borders Turkey, Jordan and Saudi Arabia respectively). Around the map are various instructional labels, with the words ‘Suppress’, ‘Fix’, ‘Seize’, ‘Isolate’, ‘Shock and Awe’, ‘Exploit’ and ‘Gain Control’. (‘Shock and awe’ was a phrase used by the American government to describe its tactic of using overwhelming power during the invasion of Iraq in 2003.) These instructions suggest the defensive and offensive strategies of a military force. A box in the top right-hand corner notes details of the image’s declassification in June 2006.</p>
painting oil paint canvas
19 November 2009 – 21 February 2010
2010-02-21
19 November 2009 – 21 February 2010
2010-02-21
2009-11-19
The Lightbox (Woking, UK)
http://www.thelightbox.org/
2009-11-19
ARTIST ROOMS 2009: Jenny Holzer
Loan-out
27 March 2010 – 15 May 2010
2010-05-15
27 March 2010 – 15 May 2010
2010-05-15
2010-03-27
Talbot Rice Gallery (Edinburgh, UK)
http://www.trg.ed.ac.uk/
2010-03-27
ARTIST ROOMS 2010: Jenny Holzer
Loan-out
30 June 2012 – 23 September 2012
2012-09-23
30 June 2012 – 23 September 2012
2012-09-23
2012-06-30
Bristol Museum & Art Gallery (Bristol, UK)
http://www.bristol-city.gov.uk
2012-06-30
ARTIST ROOMS 2012: Raw Materials: Four American Artists, 1972-2007
Loan-out
16 July 2018 – 7 July 2019
2019-07-07
16 July 2018 – 7 July 2019
2019-07-07
2018-07-16
Tate Modern (London, UK)
http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/
2018-07-16
ARTIST ROOMS Jenny Holzer
Collection based display
14 June 2024 – 29 September 2024
2024-09-29
14 June 2024 – 29 September 2024
2024-09-29
2024-06-14
Attenborough Arts Centre (Leicester, UK)
2024-06-14
Jenny Holzer
Loan-out
Protect Protect
support: 2011 × 2600 × 40 mm
<a href="/search?gid=999999788" data-gtm-name="tombstone_link_bequest" data-gtm-destination="list-page--search-results">ARTIST ROOMS</a>
Acquired jointly with the National Galleries of Scotland through The d'Offay Donation with assistance from the <a href="/search?gid=999999967" data-gtm-name="tombstone_link_bequest" data-gtm-destination="list-page--search-results">National Heritage Memorial Fund</a> and the <a href="/search?gid=999999968" data-gtm-name="tombstone_link_bequest" data-gtm-destination="list-page--search-results">Art Fund</a> 2008
<div class="text">
<p>In this work by American artist Jenny Holzer, an image of a military map of Iraq has been screen-printed onto a linen canvas covered in a thin, translucent layer of violet oil paint. The map was first photocopied onto clear film, called a photo-stencil, which was used in the screen-printing process to transfer the image onto the canvas. The map features various labels, arrows and symbols. Three signs for military jets point towards the capital city of Baghdad, which lies almost at the centre of the screen print. Three labels reading ‘Protect’ frame the north, west and south sides of the map (where Iraq borders Turkey, Jordan and Saudi Arabia respectively). Around the map are various instructional labels, with the words ‘Suppress’, ‘Fix’, ‘Seize’, ‘Isolate’, ‘Shock and Awe’, ‘Exploit’ and ‘Gain Control’. (‘Shock and awe’ was a phrase used by the American government to describe its tactic of using overwhelming power during the invasion of Iraq in 2003.) These instructions suggest the defensive and offensive strategies of a military force. A box in the top right-hand corner notes details of the image’s declassification in June 2006.</p>
<p>This large-scale canvas is part of Holzer’s <i>Redaction Paintings</i> series<i>,</i> which the artist began in 2006. It is one of six works from this series in the ARTIST ROOMS collection. Material for this series came from declassified US government documents, particularly those concerning national security, economic policy and foreign relations. Holzer began to use US government files in her work in 2004, taking advantage of the US 1966 Freedom of Information Act, which allows any requesting member of the public to view declassified documents. Redaction refers to the censoring of information in a text, and as the title of the series of <i>Redaction Paintings</i> suggests, Holzer’s images were based on documents redacted by the US government before being made publicly available. Many of the source documents used in the series were made almost entirely illegible through the work of censors before their release, but this appears not to have been the case with the source image used for <i>Protect Protect, </i>which has only two lines of text crossed out. Holzer’s use of a photo-stencil to screen-print the image of the map allowed every element of the document to be reproduced in all its original detail.</p>
<p>
<i>Protect Protect </i>makes no explicit critique of its subject matter, but by taking this map out of its military context and holding it up to public scrutiny in an art gallery, Holzer probes the boundaries between transparency and censorship, inviting viewers to reflect upon documentary evidence that offers an alternative reality to the images of war presented in the mass media, while avoiding sensationalist images or the direct representation of violence. The artist has explained her motivation to make such work: ‘As one becomes habituated to things, their intensity is dulled … in the last decades of the twentieth century, political rhetoric on all sides became so strident and inflated that obliqueness and artful understatement proved the most effective means of catching the attention of a weary public.’ (Storr 2006, p.14.)</p>
<p>Described by the art critic Robert Storr as ‘a verbal maze of specialised terminology, acronyms, abbreviations, rote salutations and initials’ (Storr 2006, p.8), the <i>Redaction Paintings</i> were the first works on canvas Holzer exhibited in her career. Before this, she was known primarily for her language-based works, involving a variety of media including posters, LED screen works and projections.</p>
<p>
<b>Further reading</b>
<br/>Robert Storr, <i>Jenny Holzer: Redaction Paintings, </i>New York 2006.<br/>Cathy Lebowitz, ‘Protect Us From What We Don’t Know’, <i>Art in America, </i>vol.94, no.9, October 2006, pp.162–6.<br/>
<i>Jenny Holzer: Protect Protect</i>, exhibition catalogue, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago 2010.</p>
<p>Florence Ritter<br/>January 2012</p>
</div>

Summary
2012-06-22T00:00:00
summary
SHORT_TEXT
<p>Holzer’s works have a strong political emphasis, questioning how information is both controlled and received in the public domain. First exhibited at the Venice Biennale in 2007, 'Protect Protect' forms part of a series of screenprints that reveal sensitive government transcripts relating to America’s intervention in the Middle East. Here Holzer uses a document from the National Security Archive, enlarging a military map and setting it upon a bright background. Holzer’s technique forces us to acknowledge the interpretative power of language, where the words "protect", "suppress" and "isolate" emanate strongly against the image of a deeply divided and segregated Iraq.</p>

Online caption
2009-04-16T00:00:00
online-caption
ONLINE_CAPTION
abstraction arrow colonialism diagrammatic emotions, concepts and ideas formal qualities inscriptions map non-representational printed text social comment society symbols and personifications text