screws: add set screws and with_nut_cut

screws: add set screws and with_nut_cut

include <system.scad>
include <thread-data.scad>
include <nut-data.scad>
include <materials.scad>

use <shapes.scad>
use <transforms.scad>
use <misc.scad>

// for proper threads
use <naca_sweep.scad>

// naive, assume head height is same as thread size (generally true for cap heads)
function get_screw_head_h(head, thread) =
(head=="socket" || head == "button") ?
    get(ThreadSize, thread)
:
head == "set" ? 0
:
0;

function get_screw_head_d(head, thread) =
(head=="socket" || head == "button") ?
    2 * get(ThreadSize, thread)
:
head == "set" ? 0
:
0;

module screw(part, nut, thread, head="socket", h=10, tolerance=1.05, head_embed=false, with_nut=true, with_head=true, nut_offset=0, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    nut_thread = get(NutThread, nut);
    thread_ = fallback(thread, nut_thread);
    assert(thread_ != U, "screw: No nut or thread given");
    assert(head != U, "screw: head == U");
    /*assert(nut!=U && thread!=U && nut_thread != thread_, "screw: Mismatched nut and thread");*/

    head_h = get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread_);
    nut_h = get(NutThickness,nut)*tolerance;
    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread_);

    s = threadsize*tolerance;
    total_h = h;

    if(part==U)
    {
        difference()
        {
            screw(part="pos", nut=nut, thread=thread, head=head, h=h, tolerance=tolerance, head_embed=head_embed, with_nut=with_nut, with_head=with_head, nut_offset=nut_offset, orient=orient, align=align);
            screw(part="neg", nut=nut, thread=thread, head=head, h=h, tolerance=tolerance, head_embed=head_embed, with_nut=with_nut, with_head=with_head, nut_offset=nut_offset, orient=orient, align=align);
        }
        if($show_vit)
        %screw(part="vit", nut=nut, thread=thread, head=head, h=h, tolerance=tolerance, head_embed=head_embed, with_nut=with_nut, with_head=with_head, nut_offset=nut_offset, orient=orient, align=align);
    }
    else if(part=="pos")
    size_align(size=[s, s, total_h], orient=-orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    tz(head_embed?-head_h:0)
    {
        if(with_head)
        {
            tz(h/2+.01)
            screw_head(part=part, head=head, thread=thread_, orient=Z, align=Z);
        }

        tz(-h/2+.01)
        screw_thread(thread=thread_, head=head, h=h+.1, tolerance=tolerance, orient=Z, align=N);

        if(with_nut && nut != U)
        {
            tz(-h/2+nut_h+nut_offset+(head_embed?head_h:0))
            screw_nut(nut=nut, tolerance=tolerance, orient=Z, align=-Z);
        }
    }
    else if(part=="neg")
    size_align(size=[s, s, total_h], orient=-orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    tz(head_embed?-head_h:0)
    {
        if(with_head)
        tz(h/2+.01)
        screw_head(part=part, head=head, thread=thread_, orient=Z, align=Z);
    }
    else if(part=="vit")
    size_align(size=[s, s, total_h], orient=-orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    {
        if(with_nut && nut != U)
        {
            tz(-h/2+nut_h+nut_offset+(head_embed?head_h:0))
            %screw_nut(nut=nut, align=-Z);
        }
    }
}

module screw_cut(nut, thread, head="socket", h=10, tolerance=1.05, head_embed=false, with_nut=true, with_nut_cut=true, with_nut_access=true, nut_cut_h=1000, with_head=true, head_cut_h=1000, nut_offset=0, cut_access=true, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    nut_thread = get(NutThread, nut);
    thread_ = fallback(thread, nut_thread);
    assert(thread_ != U, "screw_cut: No nut or thread given");
    /*assert(nut!=U && thread!=U && nut_thread != thread_, "screw_cut: Mismatched nut and thread");*/

    nut_h = get(NutThickness,nut)*tolerance;
    assert(head != U, "screw_cut: head == U");

    head_h = get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread_);
    assert(head_h != U, "screw_cut: head_h is U!");

    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread_);
    assert(threadsize != U, "screw_cut: threadsize is U!");

    s = threadsize*tolerance;
    total_h = h;
    assert(s != U, "screw_cut: s is U!");
    size_align(size=[s, s, total_h], orient=-orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    {
        tz(head_embed?-head_h:0)
        {
            if(with_head)
            {
                tz(h/2+.01)
                screw_head_cut(head=head, thread=thread_, tolerance=tolerance, override_h=head_cut_h, align=Z);
            }

            screw_thread_cut(thread=thread_, h=h+.1, tolerance=tolerance, orient=Z, align=N);

            if(with_nut && nut != U && with_nut_cut)
            {
                tz(-h/2+nut_h+nut_offset+(head_embed?head_h:0))
                screw_nut_cut(nut=nut, tolerance=tolerance, h=nut_cut_h, with_access=with_nut_access, align=-Z);
            }

            if($show_vit)
            {
                %screw(nut=nut, thread=thread, head=head, h=h, tolerance=tolerance, with_nut=with_nut, with_head=with_head, nut_offset=nut_offset, orient=-Z, align=N);
            }
        }
    }
}

module screw_thread(thread, h=10, tolerance=1.00, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(thread!=U, "screw_thread: thread is undef");
    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    d = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    pitch = get(ThreadPitchMm, thread);
    windings = ceil(h/pitch);

    size_align(size=[d,d,h], orient=orient, align=align)
    material(Mat_Steel)
    {
        if($preview_mode)
        {
            cylindera(d=d, h=h, align=Z);
        }
        else
        {
            intersection()
            {
                cylindera(d=d, h=h, align=Z);
                tz(-pitch)
                threading(angle=60, pitch=pitch, d=d, windings=windings, full=true);
            }
            /*inner_d = (get(ThreadInternalMinorDiaMin, thread) + get(ThreadInternalMinorDiaMin, thread))/2;*/
            /*cylindera(d=inner_d, h=h, align=Z);*/
        }
    }
}

module screw_thread_cut(thread, h=10, tolerance=1.05, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(thread!=U, "screw_thread_cut: thread is undef");
    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    cylindera(d=threadsize*tolerance, h=h, orient=orient, align=align);
}

module screw_head(part, head="socket", drive="hex", thread, tolerance=1.00, override_h=U, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(head != U, "screw_head: head == U");
    assert(thread!=U, "screw_head: thread == undef");

    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    head_h = fallback(override_h, get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread));
    head_d = get_screw_head_d(head=head, thread=thread);

    if(part==U)
    {
        difference()
        {
            screw_head(part="pos", head=head, drive=drive, thread=thread, tolerance=tolerance, override_h=override_h, orient=orient, align=align);
            screw_head(part="neg", head=head, drive=drive, thread=thread, tolerance=tolerance, override_h=override_h, orient=orient, align=align);
        }
    }
    else if(part=="pos")
    material(Mat_Steel)
    size_align(size=[head_d, head_d, head_h], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        if(head=="socket")
        {
            tz(-head_h/2)
            cylindera(d=head_d, h = head_h, align=Z);
        }
        else if(head=="button")
        {
            c = head_d;
            f = head_h*1.25;
            r = ( pow(c,2)/4 + pow(f,2) )/(2*f);

            d = r - f; // displacement to move sphere

            intersection()
            {
                tz(-head_h/2)
                scale([1,1,.5])
                spherea(r = head_h, align=N);

                tz(-head_h/2)
                cylindera(d=head_d, h = head_h/2, align=Z);
            }
        }
    }
    else if(part=="neg")
    material(Mat_Steel)
    size_align(size=[head_d, head_d, head_h], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        tz(-head_h/2)
        if(drive=="hex")
        {
            threadsize_cut = threadsize-head_drive_threadsize_minus(head);
            inset = head_drive_inset(head, head_h);
            tz(inset)
            cylindera(d = fn_radius(threadsize_cut, 6), h = head_h, $fn = 6, align=Z);
        }
        else if(part=="neg")
        {
            if(head=="socket")
            {
                difference()
                {
                    tz(-head_h/2)
                    cylindera(d=head_d, h = fallback(override_h,head_h), align=Z);

                    if(drive == "hex")
                    {
                        cylindera(d = fn_radius(threadsize, 6), h = 1000, $fn = 6, align=Z);
                    }
                }
            }
            else if(head=="button")
            {
                c = head_d;
                f = head_h*1.25;
                r = ( pow(c,2)/4 + pow(f,2) )/(2*f);

                d = r - f; // displacement to move sphere

                difference()
                {
                    intersection()
                    {
                        tz(-head_h/2)
                        scale([1,1,.5])
                        spherea(r = head_h, align=N);

                        tz(-head_h/2)
                        cylindera(d=head_d, h = fallback(override_h,head_h)/2, align=Z);
                    }

                    if(drive == "hex")
                    {
                        // button head uses -0.5*mm smaller hex
                        tz(-head_h/2)
                        cylindera(d = fn_radius(threadsize-.5, 6), h = 1000, $fn = 6, align=Z);
                    }
                }
            }
            else if(head=="set")
            {
            }
        }
    }
}

function head_drive_threadsize_minus(head) =
head=="socket"?  0:
head=="button"?  0.5:
head=="set"?     1.5:
0;

function head_drive_inset(head, head_h) =
head=="socket"?  1*mm:
head=="button"?  0.5*mm:
head=="set"?     -head_h/2:
0;

module screw_head_cut(head="socket", thread, tolerance=1.05, override_h=U, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(head != U, "screw_head: head == U");
    assert(thread!=U, "screw_head_cut: thread is undef");

    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    head_h = get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread);
    head_d = get_screw_head_d(head=head, thread=thread)*tolerance;
    size_align(size=[head_d, head_d, head_h], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        if(head=="socket" || head=="button")
        {
            tz(-head_h/2)
            cylindera(d=head_d, h=fallback(override_h, head_h), align=Z);
        }
        else if(head=="set")
        {
            tz(-head_h/2)
            cylindera(d=threadsize, h=fallback(override_h, head_h), align=Z);
        }
        else
        {
            assert("head: not implemented");
        }
    }
}

module screw_nut(nut, thread, tolerance=1.00, override_h=U, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(nut!=U, "screw_nut: nut is undef");

    nut_thick = get(NutThickness,nut)*tolerance;
    nut_facets = get(NutFacets, nut);
    nut_dia = nut_dia(nut);
    nut_thread = fallback(thread, get(NutThread, nut));
    h_ = fallback(override_h, nut_thick);
    material(Mat_Steel)
    size_align([nut_dia, nut_dia, h_], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        difference()
        {
            cylindera($fn=nut_facets, d=nut_dia, h=h_);
            tz(-h_/2-.2)
            screw_thread(thread=nut_thread, h=h_+.1);
        }
    }
}

module screw_nut_cut(nut, tolerance=1.05, h=1000, with_access=true, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(nut!=U, "screw_nut_cut: nut is undef");

    nut_thick = get(NutThickness,nut)*tolerance;
    nut_dia = nut_dia(nut);
    size_align(size=[nut_dia, nut_dia, nut_thick], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        tz(nut_thick/2)
        {
            tz(-.1)
            screw_nut(nut=nut, tolerance=tolerance, orient=Z, align=-Z);

            if(with_access)
            tz(-nut_thick-.01)
            {
                cylindera(d=nut_dia+2*mm, h=h, orient=Z, align=-Z);
            }
        }
    }
}

function nut_radius(nut) = outradius(get(NutWidthMin, nut)/2, get(NutFacets, nut));
function nut_dia(nut) = 2*nut_radius(nut);

module nut_trap_cut(nut, thread, head="socket", trap_offset=10, screw_l=10*mm, screw_offset=0*mm, cut_screw=false, trap_h=10, trap_axis=-Y, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    nut_thread = get(NutThread, nut);
    thread_ = fallback(thread, nut_thread);
    assert(thread_ != U, "nut_trap_cut: No nut or thread given");
    /*assert(nut!=U && thread!=U && nut_thread != thread_, "nut_trap_cut: Mismatched nut and thread");*/

    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread_);
    head_h = get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread);
    nut_h = get(NutThickness, nut) +.5*mm;

    tolerance = -.2*mm;
    nut_width_min = get(NutWidthMin, nut)+tolerance;
    nut_facets = get(NutFacets, nut);
    nut_dia = nut_dia(nut)+tolerance;
    total_h = nut_h;
    size_align(size=[nut_dia, nut_dia, total_h], orient=orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    {
        if(cut_screw)
        {
            tz(-nut_h/2)
            tz(screw_offset)
            screw_cut($show_vit=false, nut=nut, thread=thread_, head=head, with_nut=false, tolerance=1.1, h=screw_l, orient=-Z, align=Z);
        }
        else
        {
            tz(nut_h/2+screw_offset)
            screw_thread_cut($show_vit=false, thread=thread_, tolerance=1.1, h=screw_l, orient=-Z, align=Z);
        }

        hull()
        {
            orient(axis=Z, axis_ref=orient)
            translate(-.15*mm*trap_axis)
            stack(dist=trap_h, axis=trap_axis)
            {
                orient(axis=orient, axis_ref=Z)
                {
                    rotate([0,0,30])
                    cylindera($fn=nut_facets, d=nut_dia, h=nut_h, align=N);
                }

                orient(axis=orient, axis_ref=Z)
                cubea(size=[nut_width_min,nut_width_min,nut_h], align=N);
            }
        }

        if($show_vit)
        {
            if(cut_screw)
            {
                tz(-nut_h/2)
                tz(screw_offset)
                %screw(nut=nut, thread=thread_, head=head, with_nut=false, tolerance=1, h=screw_l, orient=-Z, align=Z);
            }

            rotate([0,0,30])
            %screw_nut(nut=nut, thread=thread, tolerance=1, orient=-Z, align=N);
        }

    }
}

if(false)
{
    all_axes()
    translate($axis*5*mm)
    color($color)
    screw(nut=NutHexM3, h=10*mm, orient=-$axis, align=$axis);
}

// all nuts
if(false)
{
    for(nuti=[0:1:len(AllNut)-1])
    {
        nut = AllNut[nuti];
        v_threadsize = v_get(AllNut,ThreadSize);
        v_nutwidthmin = v_get(AllNut,NutWidthMin);
        dist = v_cumsum(v_nutwidthmin, 0, nuti)[nuti]*1.2;
        translate(X*dist)
        rotate([0,0,30])
        screw(nut=nut, h=get(NutWidthMax, nut)*5, head_embed=false, orient=-Z, align=Z);
    }
}

// From ParkinBots threading library
// https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1659079
/*module Threading(D = 0, pitch = 1, d = 12, windings = 10, helices = 1, angle = 60, steps=40)*/
/*{*/
    /*R = D==0?d/2+2*pitch/PI:D/2; */
    /*translate([0,0,-pitch])*/
    /*difference()*/
    /*{*/
        /*translate([0,0,pitch])*/
        /*cylinder (r=R, h =pitch*(windings-helices));*/
        /*threading(pitch, d, windings, helices, angle, steps, true); */
    /*}*/
/*}*/

// From ParkinBots threading library
// https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1659079
module threading(pitch = 1, d = 12, windings = 10, helices = 1, angle = 60, steps=40, full = false)
{
    // tricky: glue two 180° pieces together to get a proper manifold
    r = d/2;
    Steps = steps/2;
    Pitch = pitch*helices;
    if(full)
    {
        cylinder(r = r-.5-pitch/PI, h=pitch*(windings+helices), $fn=steps);
    }

    sweep(gen_dat(), planar_caps=true);   // half screw
    rz(180)
    tz(Pitch/2)
    sweep(gen_dat(), planar_caps=true);   // half screw

    function gen_dat() =
        let(ang = 180, bar = R_(180, -90, 0, Ty_(-r+.5, vec3D(pitch/PI*Rack(windings, angle)))))
        [for (i=[0:Steps]) Tz_(i/2/Steps*Pitch, -Rz_(i*ang/Steps, bar))];

    function Rack(w, angle) =
        concat([[0, 2]],
            [for (i=[0:w-1], j=[0:3])
            let(t = [ [0, 1], [2*tan(angle/2), -1], [PI/2, -1], [2*tan(angle/2)+PI/2, 1]])
            [t[j][0]+i*PI, t[j][1]]], [[w*PI, 1], [w*PI, 2]
            ]);
}

if(false)
{
    $fn=32;
    all_heads=
    [
        "socket",
        "button",
        "set"
    ];
    for(i=[0:len(all_heads)-1])
    {
        head=all_heads[i];
        tx(i*8*mm)
        screw(nut=NutHexM3, head=head, h=25, orient=-Z);
    }

}

if(false)
{
    $fn=128;
    nut1 = NutHexM3;
    stack(axis=X, dist = 20)
    {
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="socket", h=25, orient=-Z);
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="button", h=25, orient=-Z);
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="button", h=25, with_head=1, with_nut=0, orient=-Z);
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="button", h=25, with_head=0, with_nut=0, orient=-Z);
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="set", h=25, with_nut=0, orient=-Z);

        threading(pitch = 1.25, d=8, windings=10, full=true);
    }
}

if(false)
{
    box_w = 150*mm;
    box_d = 10*mm;
    box_h = 10*mm;
    o = 10*mm;

    $show_vit = true;
    /*$fs= 0.2;*/
    /*$fa = 4;*/

    nut1 = NutHexM3;
    nut2 = NutHexM5;
    nut3 = NutKnurlM3_3_42;
    nut4 = NutKnurlM3_5_42;

    /*all_axes()*/
    /*for($axis=[X])*/
    /*color($color)*/
    /*translate($axis*15)*/
    /*echo($axis)*/

    /*orient(axis=$axis, axis_ref=-X)*/
    for(y=[-1,1])
    translate(-y*Y*20*mm)
    difference()
    {
        cubea([box_w,box_d,box_h], align=X+Z);
        test_cuts(orient=y*Z);
        /*%test_cuts(orient=y, axis_ref=-Z);*/
    }

}

module test_cuts(orient)
{
    union()
    {
        /*offset = 0;*/
        offset = -5;
        /*translate([0,offset,0])*/
        /*translate([5,0,-5])*/
        translate([5,0,0])
        stack(dist=10,axis=X)
        {
            screw_cut(nut=nut1, head="button", h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut1, head="socket", h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(thread=ThreadM5, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut1, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);

            screw_cut(nut=nut1, h=box_h, nut_offset=0*mm, head_embed=true, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut2, h=box_h, nut_offset=3*mm, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut3, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut4, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);

            translate([0,0,-5*mm])
            screw_cut(nut=nut3, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);

            translate([0,0,box_h/2])
            nut_trap_cut(nut=nut1, h=5, head_embed=false, trap_h=10, trap_axis=-Y, orient=orient, align=N);

            translate([0,0,box_h/2])
            nut_trap_cut(nut=nut1, h=5, head_embed=false, trap_h=10, trap_axis=Y, orient=orient, align=N);

            translate([0,0,box_h/2])
            nut_trap_cut(nut=nut1, h=box_d, head_embed=false, trap_h=10, screw_offset=2*mm, trap_axis=Z, orient=orient, align=N);
            translate([0,0,box_h/2])
            nut_trap_cut(nut=nut1, h=box_d, head_embed=false, trap_h=10, screw_offset=2*mm, trap_axis=-Z, orient=orient, align=N);
        }
    }
}

include <system.scad>
include <thread-data.scad>
include <nut-data.scad>
include <materials.scad>

use <shapes.scad>
use <transforms.scad>
use <misc.scad>

// for proper threads
use <naca_sweep.scad>

// naive, assume head height is same as thread size (generally true for cap heads)
function get_screw_head_h(head, thread) = get(ThreadSize, thread);
function get_screw_head_d(head, thread) = 2 * get(ThreadSize, thread);

module screw(part, nut, thread, head="socket", h=10, tolerance=1.05, head_embed=false, with_nut=true, with_head=true, nut_offset=0, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    nut_thread = get(NutThread, nut);
    thread_ = fallback(thread, nut_thread);
    assert(thread_ != U, "screw: No nut or thread given");
    assert(head != U, "screw: head == U");
    /*assert(nut!=U && thread!=U && nut_thread != thread_, "screw: Mismatched nut and thread");*/

    head_h = get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread_);
    nut_h = get(NutThickness,nut)*tolerance;
    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread_);

    s = threadsize*tolerance;
    total_h = h;

    if(part==U)
    {
        difference()
        {
            screw(part="pos", nut=nut, thread=thread, head=head, h=h, tolerance=tolerance, head_embed=head_embed, with_nut=with_nut, with_head=with_head, nut_offset=nut_offset, orient=orient, align=align);
            screw(part="neg", nut=nut, thread=thread, head=head, h=h, tolerance=tolerance, head_embed=head_embed, with_nut=with_nut, with_head=with_head, nut_offset=nut_offset, orient=orient, align=align);
        }
        if($show_vit)
        %screw(part="vit", nut=nut, thread=thread, head=head, h=h, tolerance=tolerance, head_embed=head_embed, with_nut=with_nut, with_head=with_head, nut_offset=nut_offset, orient=orient, align=align);
    }
    else if(part=="pos")
    size_align(size=[s, s, total_h], orient=-orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    tz(head_embed?-head_h:0)
    {
        if(with_head)
        {
            tz(h/2+.01)
            screw_head(part=part, head=head, thread=thread_, orient=Z, align=Z);
        }

        tz(-h/2+.01)
        screw_thread(thread=thread_, head=head, h=h+.1, tolerance=tolerance, orient=Z, align=N);

        if(with_nut && nut != U)
        {
            tz(-h/2+nut_h+nut_offset+(head_embed?head_h:0))
            screw_nut(nut=nut, tolerance=tolerance, orient=Z, align=-Z);
        }
    }
    else if(part=="neg")
    size_align(size=[s, s, total_h], orient=-orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    tz(head_embed?-head_h:0)
    {
        if(with_head)
        tz(h/2+.01)
        screw_head(part=part, head=head, thread=thread_, orient=Z, align=Z);
    }
    else if(part=="vit")
    size_align(size=[s, s, total_h], orient=-orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    {
        if(with_nut && nut != U)
        {
            tz(-h/2+nut_h+nut_offset+(head_embed?head_h:0))
            %screw_nut(nut=nut, align=-Z);
        }
    }
}

module screw_cut(nut, thread, head="socket", h=10, tolerance=1.05, head_embed=false, with_nut=true, with_nut_access=true, nut_cut_h=1000, with_head=true, head_cut_h=1000, nut_offset=0, cut_access=true, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    nut_thread = get(NutThread, nut);
    thread_ = fallback(thread, nut_thread);
    assert(thread_ != U, "screw_cut: No nut or thread given");
    /*assert(nut!=U && thread!=U && nut_thread != thread_, "screw_cut: Mismatched nut and thread");*/

    nut_h = get(NutThickness,nut)*tolerance;
    assert(head != U, "screw_cut: head == U");

    head_h = get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread_);
    assert(head_h != U, "screw_cut: head_h is U!");

    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread_);
    assert(threadsize != U, "screw_cut: threadsize is U!");

    s = threadsize*tolerance;
    total_h = h;
    assert(s != U, "screw_cut: s is U!");
    size_align(size=[s, s, total_h], orient=-orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    {
        tz(head_embed?-head_h:0)
        {
            if(with_head)
            {
                tz(h/2+.01)
                screw_head_cut(head=head, thread=thread_, tolerance=tolerance, override_h=head_cut_h, align=Z);
            }

            screw_thread_cut(thread=thread_, h=h+.1, tolerance=tolerance, orient=Z, align=N);

            if(with_nut && nut != U)
            {
                tz(-h/2+nut_h+nut_offset+(head_embed?head_h:0))
                screw_nut_cut(nut=nut, tolerance=tolerance, h=nut_cut_h, with_access=with_nut_access, align=-Z);
            }

            if($show_vit)
            {
                %screw(nut=nut, thread=thread, head=head, h=h, tolerance=tolerance, with_nut=with_nut, with_head=with_head, nut_offset=nut_offset, orient=-Z, align=N);
            }
        }
    }
}

module screw_thread(thread, h=10, tolerance=1.00, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(thread!=U, "screw_thread: thread is undef");
    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    d = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    pitch = get(ThreadPitchMm, thread);
    windings = ceil(h/pitch);

    size_align(size=[d,d,h], orient=orient, align=align)
    material(Mat_Steel)
    {
        if($preview_mode)
        {
            cylindera(d=d, h=h, align=Z);
        }
        else
        {
            intersection()
            {
                cylindera(d=d, h=h, align=Z);
                tz(-pitch)
                threading(angle=60, pitch=pitch, d=d, windings=windings, full=true);
            }
            /*inner_d = (get(ThreadInternalMinorDiaMin, thread) + get(ThreadInternalMinorDiaMin, thread))/2;*/
            /*cylindera(d=inner_d, h=h, align=Z);*/
        }
    }
}

module screw_thread_cut(thread, h=10, tolerance=1.05, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(thread!=U, "screw_thread_cut: thread is undef");
    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    cylindera(d=threadsize*tolerance, h=h, orient=orient, align=align);
}

module screw_head(part, head="socket", drive="hex", thread, tolerance=1.00, override_h=U, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(head != U, "screw_head: head == U");
    assert(thread!=U, "screw_head: thread == undef");

    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    head_h = fallback(override_h, get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread));
    head_d = get_screw_head_d(head=head, thread=thread);

    if(part==U)
    {
        difference()
        {
            screw_head(part="pos", head=head, drive=drive, thread=thread, tolerance=tolerance, override_h=override_h, orient=orient, align=align);
            screw_head(part="neg", head=head, drive=drive, thread=thread, tolerance=tolerance, override_h=override_h, orient=orient, align=align);
        }
    }
    else if(part=="pos")
    material(Mat_Steel)
    size_align(size=[head_d, head_d, head_h], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        if(head=="socket")
        {
            tz(-head_h/2)
            cylindera(d=head_d, h = head_h, align=Z);
        }
        else if(head=="button")
        {
            c = head_d;
            f = head_h*1.25;
            r = ( pow(c,2)/4 + pow(f,2) )/(2*f);

            d = r - f; // displacement to move sphere

            intersection()
            {
                tz(-head_h/2)
                scale([1,1,.5])
                spherea(r = head_h, align=N);

                tz(-head_h/2)
                cylindera(d=head_d, h = head_h/2, align=Z);
            }
        }
    }
    else if(part=="neg")
    material(Mat_Steel)
    size_align(size=[head_d, head_d, head_h], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        tz(-head_h/2)
        if(drive=="hex")
        {
            threadsize_cut = threadsize-head_drive_threadsize_minus(head);
            inset = head_drive_inset(head, head_h);
            tz(inset)
            cylindera(d = fn_radius(threadsize_cut, 6), h = head_h, $fn = 6, align=Z);
        }
    }
}

function head_drive_threadsize_minus(head) =
head=="socket"?  0:
head=="button"?  0.5:
head=="set"?     1.5:
0;

function head_drive_inset(head, head_h) =
head=="socket"?  1*mm:
head=="button"?  0.5*mm:
head=="set"?     -head_h/2:
0;

module screw_head_cut(head="socket", thread, tolerance=1.05, override_h=U, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(head != U, "screw_head: head == U");
    assert(thread!=U, "screw_head_cut: thread is undef");

    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread);
    head_h = get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread);
    head_d = get_screw_head_d(head=head, thread=thread)*tolerance;
    size_align(size=[head_d, head_d, head_h], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        if(head=="socket" || head=="button")
        {
            tz(-head_h/2)
            cylindera(d=head_d, h=fallback(override_h, head_h), align=Z);
        }
        else if(head=="set")
        {
            tz(-head_h/2)
            cylindera(d=threadsize, h=fallback(override_h, head_h), align=Z);
        }
        else
        {
            assert("head: not implemented");
        }
    }
}

module screw_nut(nut, thread, tolerance=1.00, override_h=U, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(nut!=U, "screw_nut: nut is undef");

    nut_thick = get(NutThickness,nut)*tolerance;
    nut_facets = get(NutFacets, nut);
    nut_dia = nut_dia(nut);
    nut_thread = fallback(thread, get(NutThread, nut));
    h_ = fallback(override_h, nut_thick);
    material(Mat_Steel)
    size_align([nut_dia, nut_dia, h_], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        difference()
        {
            cylindera($fn=nut_facets, d=nut_dia, h=h_);
            tz(-h_/2-.2)
            screw_thread(thread=nut_thread, h=h_+.1);
        }
    }
}

module screw_nut_cut(nut, tolerance=1.05, h=1000, with_access=true, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    assert(nut!=U, "screw_nut_cut: nut is undef");

    nut_thick = get(NutThickness,nut)*tolerance;
    nut_dia = nut_dia(nut);
    size_align(size=[nut_dia, nut_dia, nut_thick], orient=orient, align=align)
    {
        tz(nut_thick/2)
        {
            tz(-.1)
            screw_nut(nut=nut, tolerance=tolerance, orient=Z, align=-Z);

            if(with_access)
            tz(-nut_thick-.01)
            {
                cylindera(d=nut_dia+2*mm, h=h, orient=Z, align=-Z);
            }
        }
    }
}

function nut_radius(nut) = outradius(get(NutWidthMin, nut)/2, get(NutFacets, nut));
function nut_dia(nut) = 2*nut_radius(nut);

module nut_trap_cut(nut, thread, head="socket", trap_offset=10, screw_l=10*mm, screw_offset=0*mm, cut_screw=false, trap_h=10, trap_axis=-Y, orient=Z, align=N)
{
    nut_thread = get(NutThread, nut);
    thread_ = fallback(thread, nut_thread);
    assert(thread_ != U, "nut_trap_cut: No nut or thread given");
    /*assert(nut!=U && thread!=U && nut_thread != thread_, "nut_trap_cut: Mismatched nut and thread");*/

    threadsize = get(ThreadSize, thread_);
    head_h = get_screw_head_h(head=head, thread=thread);
    nut_h = get(NutThickness, nut) +.5*mm;

    tolerance = -.2*mm;
    nut_width_min = get(NutWidthMin, nut)+tolerance;
    nut_facets = get(NutFacets, nut);
    nut_dia = nut_dia(nut)+tolerance;
    total_h = nut_h;
    size_align(size=[nut_dia, nut_dia, total_h], orient=orient, orient_ref=Z, align=align)
    {
        if(cut_screw)
        {
            tz(-nut_h/2)
            tz(screw_offset)
            screw_cut($show_vit=false, nut=nut, thread=thread_, head=head, with_nut=false, tolerance=1.1, h=screw_l, orient=-Z, align=Z);
        }
        else
        {
            tz(nut_h/2+screw_offset)
            screw_thread_cut($show_vit=false, thread=thread_, tolerance=1.1, h=screw_l, orient=-Z, align=Z);
        }

        hull()
        {
            orient(axis=Z, axis_ref=orient)
            translate(-.15*mm*trap_axis)
            stack(dist=trap_h, axis=trap_axis)
            {
                orient(axis=orient, axis_ref=Z)
                {
                    rotate([0,0,30])
                    cylindera($fn=nut_facets, d=nut_dia, h=nut_h, align=N);
                }

                orient(axis=orient, axis_ref=Z)
                cubea(size=[nut_width_min,nut_width_min,nut_h], align=N);
            }
        }

        if($show_vit)
        {
            if(cut_screw)
            {
                tz(-nut_h/2)
                tz(screw_offset)
                %screw(nut=nut, thread=thread_, head=head, with_nut=false, tolerance=1, h=screw_l, orient=-Z, align=Z);
            }

            rotate([0,0,30])
            %screw_nut(nut=nut, thread=thread, tolerance=1, orient=-Z, align=N);
        }

    }
}

if(false)
{
    all_axes()
    translate($axis*5*mm)
    color($color)
    screw(nut=NutHexM3, h=10*mm, orient=-$axis, align=$axis);
}

// all nuts
if(false)
{
    for(nuti=[0:1:len(AllNut)-1])
    {
        nut = AllNut[nuti];
        v_threadsize = v_get(AllNut,ThreadSize);
        v_nutwidthmin = v_get(AllNut,NutWidthMin);
        dist = v_cumsum(v_nutwidthmin, 0, nuti)[nuti]*1.2;
        translate(X*dist)
        rotate([0,0,30])
        screw(nut=nut, h=get(NutWidthMax, nut)*5, head_embed=false, orient=-Z, align=Z);
    }
}

// From ParkinBots threading library
// https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1659079
/*module Threading(D = 0, pitch = 1, d = 12, windings = 10, helices = 1, angle = 60, steps=40)*/
/*{*/
    /*R = D==0?d/2+2*pitch/PI:D/2; */
    /*translate([0,0,-pitch])*/
    /*difference()*/
    /*{*/
        /*translate([0,0,pitch])*/
        /*cylinder (r=R, h =pitch*(windings-helices));*/
        /*threading(pitch, d, windings, helices, angle, steps, true); */
    /*}*/
/*}*/

// From ParkinBots threading library
// https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1659079
module threading(pitch = 1, d = 12, windings = 10, helices = 1, angle = 60, steps=40, full = false)
{
    // tricky: glue two 180° pieces together to get a proper manifold
    r = d/2;
    Steps = steps/2;
    Pitch = pitch*helices;
    if(full)
    {
        cylinder(r = r-.5-pitch/PI, h=pitch*(windings+helices), $fn=steps);
    }

    sweep(gen_dat(), planar_caps=true);   // half screw
    rz(180)
    tz(Pitch/2)
    sweep(gen_dat(), planar_caps=true);   // half screw

    function gen_dat() =
        let(ang = 180, bar = R_(180, -90, 0, Ty_(-r+.5, vec3D(pitch/PI*Rack(windings, angle)))))
        [for (i=[0:Steps]) Tz_(i/2/Steps*Pitch, -Rz_(i*ang/Steps, bar))];

    function Rack(w, angle) =
        concat([[0, 2]],
            [for (i=[0:w-1], j=[0:3])
            let(t = [ [0, 1], [2*tan(angle/2), -1], [PI/2, -1], [2*tan(angle/2)+PI/2, 1]])
            [t[j][0]+i*PI, t[j][1]]], [[w*PI, 1], [w*PI, 2]
            ]);
}

if(false)
{
    $fn=32;
    all_heads=
    [
        "socket",
        "button",
        "set"
    ];
    for(i=[0:len(all_heads)-1])
    {
        head=all_heads[i];
        tx(i*8*mm)
        screw(nut=NutHexM3, head=head, h=25, orient=-Z);
    }

}

if(false)
{
    $fn=128;
    nut1 = NutHexM3;
    stack(axis=X, dist = 20)
    {
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="socket", h=25, orient=-Z);
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="button", h=25, orient=-Z);
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="button", h=25, with_head=1, with_nut=0, orient=-Z);
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="button", h=25, with_head=0, with_nut=0, orient=-Z);
        screw(nut=NutHexM8, head="set", h=25, with_nut=0, orient=-Z);

        threading(pitch = 1.25, d=8, windings=10, full=true);
    }
}

if(false)
{
    box_w = 150*mm;
    box_d = 10*mm;
    box_h = 10*mm;
    o = 10*mm;

    $show_vit = true;
    /*$fs= 0.2;*/
    /*$fa = 4;*/

    nut1 = NutHexM3;
    nut2 = NutHexM5;
    nut3 = NutKnurlM3_3_42;
    nut4 = NutKnurlM3_5_42;

    /*all_axes()*/
    /*for($axis=[X])*/
    /*color($color)*/
    /*translate($axis*15)*/
    /*echo($axis)*/

    /*orient(axis=$axis, axis_ref=-X)*/
    for(y=[-1,1])
    translate(-y*Y*20*mm)
    difference()
    {
        cubea([box_w,box_d,box_h], align=X+Z);
        test_cuts(orient=y*Z);
        /*%test_cuts(orient=y, axis_ref=-Z);*/
    }

}

module test_cuts(orient)
{
    union()
    {
        /*offset = 0;*/
        offset = -5;
        /*translate([0,offset,0])*/
        /*translate([5,0,-5])*/
        translate([5,0,0])
        stack(dist=10,axis=X)
        {
            screw_cut(nut=nut1, head="button", h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut1, head="socket", h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(thread=ThreadM5, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut1, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);

            screw_cut(nut=nut1, h=box_h, nut_offset=0*mm, head_embed=true, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut2, h=box_h, nut_offset=3*mm, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut3, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);
            screw_cut(nut=nut4, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);

            translate([0,0,-5*mm])
            screw_cut(nut=nut3, h=box_h, head_embed=false, orient=orient, align=Z);

            translate([0,0,box_h/2])
            nut_trap_cut(nut=nut1, h=5, head_embed=false, trap_h=10, trap_axis=-Y, orient=orient, align=N);

            translate([0,0,box_h/2])
            nut_trap_cut(nut=nut1, h=5, head_embed=false, trap_h=10, trap_axis=Y, orient=orient, align=N);

            translate([0,0,box_h/2])
            nut_trap_cut(nut=nut1, h=box_d, head_embed=false, trap_h=10, screw_offset=2*mm, trap_axis=Z, orient=orient, align=N);
            translate([0,0,box_h/2])
            nut_trap_cut(nut=nut1, h=box_d, head_embed=false, trap_h=10, screw_offset=2*mm, trap_axis=-Z, orient=orient, align=N);
        }
    }
}


movida function

movida function

include <constants.scad>;

DIAMETER_BASE = 6;
DIAMETER_OUTER_RING = 0.6;
THICKNESS = 0.3;

function radius(diameter) = diameter / 2;

module base()
{
    surface();
    border();
}

module surface()
{
    offset_z = - HEIGHT_BODY - THICKNESS;
    offset = [0, 0, offset_z];

    diameter_total = DIAMETER_BASE - DIAMETER_OUTER_RING;

    color(GREY)
        translate(offset)
            cylinder(h = THICKNESS, d = diameter_total, $fn = FINE);
}

module border()
{
    offset_z = -HEIGHT_BODY;
    offset_base = [0, 0, offset_z];

    offset_x = radius(DIAMETER_BASE) - radius(DIAMETER_OUTER_RING);
    offset_border = [offset_x, 0, 0];

    color(GREY)
        translate(offset_base)
            rotate_extrude(convexity = CONVEXITY, $fn = FINE)
                translate(offset_border)
                    circle(r = THICKNESS, $fn = FINE);
}

base();

include <constants.scad>;

DIAMETER_BASE = 6;
DIAMETER_OUTER_RING = 0.6;
THICKNESS = 0.3;

module base()
{
    surface();
    border();
}

module surface()
{
    offset_z = - HEIGHT_BODY - THICKNESS;
    offset = [0, 0, offset_z];

    diameter_total = DIAMETER_BASE - DIAMETER_OUTER_RING;

    color(GREY)
        translate(offset)
            cylinder(h = THICKNESS, d = diameter_total, $fn = FINE);
}

module border()
{
    offset_z = -HEIGHT_BODY;
    offset_base = [0, 0, offset_z];

    offset_x = radius(DIAMETER_BASE) - radius(DIAMETER_OUTER_RING);
    offset_border = [offset_x, 0, 0];

    color(GREY)
        translate(offset_base)
            rotate_extrude(convexity = CONVEXITY, $fn = FINE)
                translate(offset_border)
                    circle(r = THICKNESS, $fn = FINE);
}

base();

function radius(diameter) = diameter / 2;


shapes: Fix pie_slice orient

shapes: Fix pie_slice orient

use <misc.scad>
use <transforms.scad>

module cubea(size=[10,10,10], align=[0,0,0], extrasize=[0,0,0], extrasize_align=[0,0,0])
{
    size_align(extrasize,extrasize_align)
    {
        size_align(size,align)
        {
            cube(size+extrasize, center=true);
        }
    }
}

module rcubea(size=[10,10,10], rounding_radius=1, align=[0,0,0], extrasize=[0,0,0], extrasize_align=[0,0,0])
{
    size_align(extrasize,extrasize_align)
    {
        size_align(size,align)
        {
            rcube(size=size+extrasize, rounding_radius=rounding_radius);
        }
    }
}

module rcube(size=[20,20,20], rounding_radius=1)
{
    hull()
    for(x=[-(size[0]/2-rounding_radius),(size[0]/2-rounding_radius)])
    for(y=[-(size[1]/2-rounding_radius),(size[1]/2-rounding_radius)])
    for(z=[-(size[2]/2-rounding_radius),(size[2]/2-rounding_radius)])
    translate([x,y,z])
    sphere(r=rounding_radius);
}

module cylindera(
        h=10,
        r=undef,
        r1=undef,
        r2=undef,
        d=undef,
        d1=undef,
        d2=undef,
        align=[0,0,0],
        orient=[0,0,1],
        extra_h=0,
        extra_r=undef,
        extra_d=undef,
        extra_align=[0,0,1],
        round_radius=undef,
        debug=false
        )
{
    pi=3.1415926536;

    useDia = r == undef && (r1 == undef && r2 == undef);

    r1_ = useDia?((d1==undef?undef:d1)/2):r1;
    r2_ = useDia?((d2==undef?undef:d2)/2):r2;
    r_= useDia?d/2:(r==undef?0:r);
    r1r2max = max(r1,r2) == undef ? max(d1,d2)/2 : max(r1,r2);
    r__ = r_==undef? r1r2max : r_;
    extra_r_ = useDia?((extra_d==undef?0:extra_d)/2):((extra_r==undef)?0:extra_r);

    sizexy=r__*2;
    extra_sizexy=extra_r_*2;

    // some orient hax here to properly support extra_align
    orient(-orient)
    size_align([extra_sizexy,extra_sizexy,extra_h], align=extra_align, orient=orient)
    orient(orient)
    {
        if(debug)
        {
            echo(useDia, h, r_, r1_, r2_, extra_r_, align);
        }

        // some orient hax here to properly support extra_align
        orient(-orient)
        size_align([sizexy,sizexy,h], align=align, orient=orient)
        {
            if(round_radius==undef)
            {
                cylinder(h=h+extra_h, r=r_+extra_r_, r1=r1_, r2=r2_, center=true);
            }
            else
            {
                rcylinder(h=h+extra_h, r=r_+extra_r_, r1=r1_, r2=r2_, round_radius=round_radius);
            }
        }
    }
}

/*translate([10,0,0])*/
/*rotate_extrude()*/
        /*translate([10-2,2,0])*/
/*$fa = 5.6;*/
/*$fs = 0.3;*/
/*circle(r = 100);*/
/*torus(10, 2, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1]);*/

module torus(radius, radial_width, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1])
{
    size_align(size=[radius*2+radial_width*2, radius*2+radial_width*2, radial_width*2], align=align, orient=orient)
    rotate_extrude()
    translate([radius, 0, 0])
    circle(radial_width);
}

module rcylinder(d=undef, r1=undef, r2=undef, h=10, round_radius=2, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1])
{
    useDia = r == undef && (r1 == undef && r2 == undef);

    r1_ = useDia?((d1==undef?undef:d1)/2):r1;
    r2_ = useDia?((d2==undef?undef:d2)/2):r2;
    r_= useDia?[d/2,d/2]:(r==undef?[r1_,r2_]:[r,r]);
    size_align(align=align, orient=orient)
    /*translate([0,0,-h/2])*/
    hull()
    {
        /*a = r_[0]-r_[1];*/
        /*b = h;*/
        /*c = pythag_hyp(a,b);*/
        /*echo(c);*/
        /*d = c;//pythag_leg(a,c);*/
        /*echo(d);*/
        /*translate([0,r1-round_radius,0])*/
        /*cube([d,d,d]);*/
        /*angle2 = -atan2(-h, r1-r2);*/
        /*echo(angle2);*/
        /*x2 = r2-r1 < 0 ? (round_radius*2*cos(angle2)) : (round_radius*2*sin(angle2));*/
        /*echo(x2)*/
        /*translate([0, 0, h/2-round_radius])*/
        /*torus(radius=r_[1]-round_radius, radial_width=round_radius, align=[0,0,0]);*/

        for(z=[-1,1])
        translate([0, 0, z*(-h/2)])
        {
            /*rd = abs(r1-r2);*/
            /*angle1 = atan2(h, abs(r2-r1));*/
            /*x1 = round_radius*2*cos(angle1);*/
            /*echo(angle1, x1);*/
            r__=z!=-1?r_[0]:r_[1];
            torus(radius=r__-round_radius/2, radial_width=round_radius/2, align=[0,0,z]);

            /*translate([0, 0, -round_radius])*/
            /*cubea([r__*2,r__*2,5], align=[0,0,-z]);*/
        }
    }
}

// positive angles go from start to end counterclockwise
// negative angles are allowed
module pie_slice_shape(r, start_angle, end_angle) {
    R = r * sqrt(2) + 1;
    a0 = (4 * start_angle + 0 * end_angle) / 4;
    a1 = (3 * start_angle + 1 * end_angle) / 4;
    a2 = (2 * start_angle + 2 * end_angle) / 4;
    a3 = (1 * start_angle + 3 * end_angle) / 4;
    a4 = (0 * start_angle + 4 * end_angle) / 4;
    intersection() {
        circle(r);
        polygon([
                [0,0],
                [R * cos(a0), R * sin(a0)],
                [R * cos(a1), R * sin(a1)],
                [R * cos(a2), R * sin(a2)],
                [R * cos(a3), R * sin(a3)],
                [R * cos(a4), R * sin(a4)],
                [0,0]
        ]);
    }
}

// positive angles go from start to end counterclockwise
// negative angles are allowed
module pie_slice(r, start_angle, end_angle, h, orient=undef, align=[0,0,0])
{
    size_align(size=[r*2, r*2, h], orient=orient, orient_ref=[0,0,0], align=align)
    linear_extrude(h)
    {
        pie_slice_shape(r, start_angle, end_angle);
    }
}

module hollow_cylinder(d=10, thickness=1, h=10, taper=false, taper_h=undef, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,0])
{
    outer_d = d+thickness/2;
    inner_d = d-thickness/2;
    size_align(size=[outer_d, outer_d, h], orient=orient, align=align)
    difference()
    {
        /*hull()*/
        union()
        {
            cylindera(h=h-taper_h*2, d=outer_d, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,0]);
            taper_h = taper_h == undef ? (outer_d-inner_d)/4 : taper_h;
            /*taper_h_ = pythag_leg(taper_h, outer_d-inner_d);*/
            /*echo(taper_h_);*/
            if(taper)
            {
                for(z=[-1,1])
                translate([0,0,z*(h/2-taper_h)])
                mirror([0,0,z==-1?1:0])
                difference()
                {
                    cylindera(d1=outer_d, d2=outer_d-inner_d/4, h=taper_h*2, align=[0,0,1]);
                    cylindera(d1=inner_d, d2=outer_d, h=taper_h*2+.1, align=[0,0,1]);
                }
            }
        }

        cylindera(h=h+.4, d=inner_d, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,0]);
    }
}

/**
 * Standard right-angled triangle
 *
 * @param number o_len Lenght of the opposite side
 * @param number a_len Lenght of the adjacent side
 * @param number depth How wide/deep the triangle is in the 3rd dimension
 * @todo a better way ?
 */
module triangle(o_len, a_len, depth, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1])
{
    size_align(size=[a_len, depth, o_len], align=align, orient=orient)
    rotate([90,0,0])
    translate([-a_len/2, -o_len/2, -depth/2])
    linear_extrude(height=depth)
    {
        polygon(points=[[0,0],[a_len,0],[0,o_len]], paths=[[0,1,2]]);
    }
}

/**
 * Rounded Standard right-angled triangle
 *
 * @param number o_len Lenght of the opposite side
 * @param number a_len Lenght of the adjacent side
 * @param number depth How wide/deep the triangle is in the 3rd dimension
 * @todo a better way ?
 */
module rtriangle(o_len, a_len, depth, rounding_radius=2, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1])
{
    size = [a_len-rounding_radius, depth-rounding_radius, o_len-rounding_radius];
    r_x = rounding_radius;
    r_y = rounding_radius;
    r_z = -rounding_radius;

    hyp = pythag_hyp(o_len,a_len);
    a_z = atan(a_len/o_len);

    translate([0,0,size[2]+2])
    color([1,0,0])
    rotate([90,90,0])
    pie_slice(r=2, start_angle=0, end_angle=a_z, h=depth);

    /*translate([size[0]+4,0,0])*/
    /*color([1,0,0])*/
    /*rotate([90,90,0])*/
    /*pie_slice(r=2, start_angle=90, end_angle=90+a_z, h=depth);*/

    size_align(size=size, align=align, orient=orient)
    /*hull()*/
    for(x=[-(size[0]/2)+rounding_radius,(size[0]/2)-r_x])
    for(y=[-(size[1]/2)+rounding_radius,(size[1]/2)-r_y])
    for(z=[-(size[2]/2)+rounding_radius,(size[2]/2)-r_z])
    translate([x,y,z])
    if(x<=1 || z<=1)
    sphere(r=rounding_radius);
}

/*debug();*/

module debug()
{
    $fs = 0.1;
    $fa = 1;

    /*triangle_a(45, 5, 5);*/
    /*triangle(15, 10, 5, align=[1,1,1], orient=[0,0,-1]);*/
    /*triangle(15, 10, 5, align=[1,1,1], orient=[0,0,1]);*/

    triangle(10, 30, 5, align=[1,1,1], orient=[0,0,1]);
    translate([0,-10,0])
    rtriangle(10, 30, 5, align=[1,1,1], orient=[0,0,1]);
}

/**
 * Standard right-angled triangle (tangent version)
 *
 * @param number angle of adjacent to hypotenuse (ie tangent)
 * @param number a_len Lenght of the adjacent side
 * @param number depth How wide/deep the triangle is in the 3rd dimension
 */
module triangle_a(tan_angle, a_len, depth)
{
    linear_extrude(height=depth)
    {
        polygon(points=[[0,0],[a_len,0],[0,tan(tan_angle) * a_len]], paths=[[0,1,2]]);
    }
}

// Tests:
module test_triangles()
{
    // Generate a bunch of triangles by sizes
    for (i = [1:10])
    {
        translate([i*7, -30, i*7])
        {
            triangle(i*5, sqrt(i*5+pow(i,2)), 5);
        }
    }

    // Generate a bunch of triangles by angle
    for (i = [1:85/5])
    {
        translate([i*7, 22, i*7])
        {
            triangle_a(i*5, 10, 5);
        }
    }
}

if(false)
{
    /*hollow_cylinder(thickness=5, h=10, taper=true, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,1]);*/
    /*cylindera(d=10, h=10, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,1]);*/
    /*translate([10,0,0])*/
    /*{*/
    /*hollow_cylinder(d=10, thickness=4, h=10, taper=true, taper_h=.5, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,1]);*/
    /*cylindera(d=8, h=10, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,1]);*/
    /*}*/

    /*%pie_slice(r=10, start_angle=-30, end_angle=270, h=10);*/

    /*cubea([10,10,10],[1,0,0]);*/
    /*%cubea([10,10,10],[1,0,0],[5,5,5],[1,1,1]);*/

    /*%cubea([10,10,10],[-1,0,1]);*/
    /*%cubea([10,10,10],[-1,0,1],[1,1,1],[-1,0,1]);*/
    /*%cylindera(h=10, r=10/2, align=[-1,1,1], extra_r=5/2, extra_h=2, extra_align=[-1,1,1], $fn=100);*/

    /*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[-1,1,1], extra_d=5, extra_h=2, extra_align=[-1,1,1], $fn=100);*/
    /*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[1,1,1], extra_d=15, extra_h=2, extra_align=[1,1,1], $fn=100);*/

    /*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[1,-1,1], extra_d=5, extra_h=2, extra_align=[-1,-1,1], $fn=100);*/
    /*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[1,1,1], extra_d=5, extra_h=2, extra_align=[1,1,1], $fn=100);*/

    /*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[1,0,0], extra_d=10);*/

    /*hull_pairwise()*/
    /*sphere(30/2);*/

    /*translate([30,0,0])*/
    /*rcubea(s=[35,35,35], rounding_radius=10);*/
    /*rcubea(s=[35,35,35], align=[0,-1,0]);*/

    /*translate([60,0,0])*/
    /*sphere(30/2);*/

    stack(dist=50, axis=[0,1,0])
    {
        stack(dist=10, axis=[0,0,-1])
        {
            /*cylindera(orient=[0,0,-1], align=[0,0,-1]);*/
            pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=0, end_angle=120, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,-1]);
            pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=0, end_angle=120, orient=[0,0,-1], align=[0,0,1]);
            /*pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=-90, end_angle=180, align=[0,0,-1]);*/
            /*pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=90, end_angle=270, align=[0,0,-1]);*/
            /*pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=0, end_angle=270, align=[0,0,-1]);*/
        }

        stack(dist=10, axis=[0,1,0])
        {
            /*cylindera(orient=[0,1,0], align=[0,1,0]);*/
            pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=0, end_angle=120, orient=[0,-1,0], align=[0,1,0]);
            pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=0, end_angle=120, orient=[0,1,0], align=[0,1,0]);
            pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=-90, end_angle=180, orient=[0,1,0], align=[0,1,0]);
            pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=90, end_angle=270, orient=[0,1,0], align=[0,1,0]);
            pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=0, end_angle=270, orient=[0,1,0], align=[0,1,0]);
        }
    }
}

use <misc.scad>
use <transforms.scad>

module cubea(size=[10,10,10], align=[0,0,0], extrasize=[0,0,0], extrasize_align=[0,0,0])
{
    size_align(extrasize,extrasize_align)
    {
        size_align(size,align)
        {
            cube(size+extrasize, center=true);
        }
    }
}

module rcubea(size=[10,10,10], rounding_radius=1, align=[0,0,0], extrasize=[0,0,0], extrasize_align=[0,0,0])
{
    size_align(extrasize,extrasize_align)
    {
        size_align(size,align)
        {
            rcube(size=size+extrasize, rounding_radius=rounding_radius);
        }
    }
}

module rcube(size=[20,20,20], rounding_radius=1)
{
    hull()
    for(x=[-(size[0]/2-rounding_radius),(size[0]/2-rounding_radius)])
    for(y=[-(size[1]/2-rounding_radius),(size[1]/2-rounding_radius)])
    for(z=[-(size[2]/2-rounding_radius),(size[2]/2-rounding_radius)])
    translate([x,y,z])
    sphere(r=rounding_radius);
}

module cylindera(
        h=10,
        r=undef,
        r1=undef,
        r2=undef,
        d=undef,
        d1=undef,
        d2=undef,
        align=[0,0,0],
        orient=[0,0,1],
        extra_h=0,
        extra_r=undef,
        extra_d=undef,
        extra_align=[0,0,1],
        round_radius=undef,
        debug=false
        )
{
    pi=3.1415926536;

    useDia = r == undef && (r1 == undef && r2 == undef);

    r1_ = useDia?((d1==undef?undef:d1)/2):r1;
    r2_ = useDia?((d2==undef?undef:d2)/2):r2;
    r_= useDia?d/2:(r==undef?0:r);
    r1r2max = max(r1,r2) == undef ? max(d1,d2)/2 : max(r1,r2);
    r__ = r_==undef? r1r2max : r_;
    extra_r_ = useDia?((extra_d==undef?0:extra_d)/2):((extra_r==undef)?0:extra_r);

    sizexy=r__*2;
    extra_sizexy=extra_r_*2;

    // some orient hax here to properly support extra_align
    orient(-orient)
    size_align([extra_sizexy,extra_sizexy,extra_h], align=extra_align, orient=orient)
    orient(orient)
    {
        if(debug)
        {
            echo(useDia, h, r_, r1_, r2_, extra_r_, align);
        }

        // some orient hax here to properly support extra_align
        orient(-orient)
        size_align([sizexy,sizexy,h], align=align, orient=orient)
        {
            if(round_radius==undef)
            {
                cylinder(h=h+extra_h, r=r_+extra_r_, r1=r1_, r2=r2_, center=true);
            }
            else
            {
                rcylinder(h=h+extra_h, r=r_+extra_r_, r1=r1_, r2=r2_, round_radius=round_radius);
            }
        }
    }
}

/*translate([10,0,0])*/
/*rotate_extrude()*/
        /*translate([10-2,2,0])*/
/*$fa = 5.6;*/
/*$fs = 0.3;*/
/*circle(r = 100);*/
/*torus(10, 2, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1]);*/

module torus(radius, radial_width, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1])
{
    size_align(size=[radius*2+radial_width*2, radius*2+radial_width*2, radial_width*2], align=align, orient=orient)
    rotate_extrude()
    translate([radius, 0, 0])
    circle(radial_width);
}

module rcylinder(d=undef, r1=undef, r2=undef, h=10, round_radius=2, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1])
{
    useDia = r == undef && (r1 == undef && r2 == undef);

    r1_ = useDia?((d1==undef?undef:d1)/2):r1;
    r2_ = useDia?((d2==undef?undef:d2)/2):r2;
    r_= useDia?[d/2,d/2]:(r==undef?[r1_,r2_]:[r,r]);
    size_align(align=align, orient=orient)
    /*translate([0,0,-h/2])*/
    hull()
    {
        /*a = r_[0]-r_[1];*/
        /*b = h;*/
        /*c = pythag_hyp(a,b);*/
        /*echo(c);*/
        /*d = c;//pythag_leg(a,c);*/
        /*echo(d);*/
        /*translate([0,r1-round_radius,0])*/
        /*cube([d,d,d]);*/
        /*angle2 = -atan2(-h, r1-r2);*/
        /*echo(angle2);*/
        /*x2 = r2-r1 < 0 ? (round_radius*2*cos(angle2)) : (round_radius*2*sin(angle2));*/
        /*echo(x2)*/
        /*translate([0, 0, h/2-round_radius])*/
        /*torus(radius=r_[1]-round_radius, radial_width=round_radius, align=[0,0,0]);*/

        for(z=[-1,1])
        translate([0, 0, z*(-h/2)])
        {
            /*rd = abs(r1-r2);*/
            /*angle1 = atan2(h, abs(r2-r1));*/
            /*x1 = round_radius*2*cos(angle1);*/
            /*echo(angle1, x1);*/
            r__=z!=-1?r_[0]:r_[1];
            torus(radius=r__-round_radius/2, radial_width=round_radius/2, align=[0,0,z]);

            /*translate([0, 0, -round_radius])*/
            /*cubea([r__*2,r__*2,5], align=[0,0,-z]);*/
        }
    }
}

// positive angles go from start to end counterclockwise
// negative angles are allowed
module pie_slice_shape(r, start_angle, end_angle) {
    R = r * sqrt(2) + 1;
    a0 = (4 * start_angle + 0 * end_angle) / 4;
    a1 = (3 * start_angle + 1 * end_angle) / 4;
    a2 = (2 * start_angle + 2 * end_angle) / 4;
    a3 = (1 * start_angle + 3 * end_angle) / 4;
    a4 = (0 * start_angle + 4 * end_angle) / 4;
    intersection() {
        circle(r);
        polygon([
                [0,0],
                [R * cos(a0), R * sin(a0)],
                [R * cos(a1), R * sin(a1)],
                [R * cos(a2), R * sin(a2)],
                [R * cos(a3), R * sin(a3)],
                [R * cos(a4), R * sin(a4)],
                [0,0]
        ]);
    }
}

// positive angles go from start to end counterclockwise
// negative angles are allowed
module pie_slice(r, start_angle, end_angle, h, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,0])
{
    size_align(size=[r*2, r*2, h], orient=orient, align=align)
    translate([0,0,-h/2])
    linear_extrude(h)
    {
        pie_slice_shape(r, start_angle, end_angle);
    }
}

module hollow_cylinder(d=10, thickness=1, h=10, taper=false, taper_h=undef, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,0])
{
    outer_d = d+thickness/2;
    inner_d = d-thickness/2;
    size_align(size=[outer_d, outer_d, h], orient=orient, align=align)
    difference()
    {
        /*hull()*/
        union()
        {
            cylindera(h=h-taper_h*2, d=outer_d, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,0]);
            taper_h = taper_h == undef ? (outer_d-inner_d)/4 : taper_h;
            /*taper_h_ = pythag_leg(taper_h, outer_d-inner_d);*/
            /*echo(taper_h_);*/
            if(taper)
            {
                for(z=[-1,1])
                translate([0,0,z*(h/2-taper_h)])
                mirror([0,0,z==-1?1:0])
                difference()
                {
                    cylindera(d1=outer_d, d2=outer_d-inner_d/4, h=taper_h*2, align=[0,0,1]);
                    cylindera(d1=inner_d, d2=outer_d, h=taper_h*2+.1, align=[0,0,1]);
                }
            }
        }

        cylindera(h=h+.4, d=inner_d, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,0]);
    }
}

/**
 * Standard right-angled triangle
 *
 * @param number o_len Lenght of the opposite side
 * @param number a_len Lenght of the adjacent side
 * @param number depth How wide/deep the triangle is in the 3rd dimension
 * @todo a better way ?
 */
module triangle(o_len, a_len, depth, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1])
{
    size_align(size=[a_len, depth, o_len], align=align, orient=orient)
    rotate([90,0,0])
    translate([-a_len/2, -o_len/2, -depth/2])
    linear_extrude(height=depth)
    {
        polygon(points=[[0,0],[a_len,0],[0,o_len]], paths=[[0,1,2]]);
    }
}

/**
 * Rounded Standard right-angled triangle
 *
 * @param number o_len Lenght of the opposite side
 * @param number a_len Lenght of the adjacent side
 * @param number depth How wide/deep the triangle is in the 3rd dimension
 * @todo a better way ?
 */
module rtriangle(o_len, a_len, depth, rounding_radius=2, align=[0,0,0], orient=[0,0,1])
{
    size = [a_len-rounding_radius, depth-rounding_radius, o_len-rounding_radius];
    r_x = rounding_radius;
    r_y = rounding_radius;
    r_z = -rounding_radius;

    hyp = pythag_hyp(o_len,a_len);
    a_z = atan(a_len/o_len);

    translate([0,0,size[2]+2])
    color([1,0,0])
    rotate([90,90,0])
    pie_slice(r=2, start_angle=0, end_angle=a_z, h=depth);

    /*translate([size[0]+4,0,0])*/
    /*color([1,0,0])*/
    /*rotate([90,90,0])*/
    /*pie_slice(r=2, start_angle=90, end_angle=90+a_z, h=depth);*/

    size_align(size=size, align=align, orient=orient)
    /*hull()*/
    for(x=[-(size[0]/2)+rounding_radius,(size[0]/2)-r_x])
    for(y=[-(size[1]/2)+rounding_radius,(size[1]/2)-r_y])
    for(z=[-(size[2]/2)+rounding_radius,(size[2]/2)-r_z])
    translate([x,y,z])
    if(x<=1 || z<=1)
    sphere(r=rounding_radius);
}

/*debug();*/

module debug()
{
    $fs = 0.1;
    $fa = 1;

    /*triangle_a(45, 5, 5);*/
    /*triangle(15, 10, 5, align=[1,1,1], orient=[0,0,-1]);*/
    /*triangle(15, 10, 5, align=[1,1,1], orient=[0,0,1]);*/

    triangle(10, 30, 5, align=[1,1,1], orient=[0,0,1]);
    translate([0,-10,0])
    rtriangle(10, 30, 5, align=[1,1,1], orient=[0,0,1]);
}

/**
 * Standard right-angled triangle (tangent version)
 *
 * @param number angle of adjacent to hypotenuse (ie tangent)
 * @param number a_len Lenght of the adjacent side
 * @param number depth How wide/deep the triangle is in the 3rd dimension
 */
module triangle_a(tan_angle, a_len, depth)
{
    linear_extrude(height=depth)
    {
        polygon(points=[[0,0],[a_len,0],[0,tan(tan_angle) * a_len]], paths=[[0,1,2]]);
    }
}

// Tests:
module test_triangles()
{
    // Generate a bunch of triangles by sizes
    for (i = [1:10])
    {
        translate([i*7, -30, i*7])
        {
            triangle(i*5, sqrt(i*5+pow(i,2)), 5);
        }
    }

    // Generate a bunch of triangles by angle
    for (i = [1:85/5])
    {
        translate([i*7, 22, i*7])
        {
            triangle_a(i*5, 10, 5);
        }
    }
}

/*hollow_cylinder(thickness=5, h=10, taper=true, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,1]);*/
/*cylindera(d=10, h=10, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,1]);*/
/*translate([10,0,0])*/
/*{*/
    /*hollow_cylinder(d=10, thickness=4, h=10, taper=true, taper_h=.5, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,1]);*/
    /*cylindera(d=8, h=10, orient=[0,0,1], align=[0,0,1]);*/
/*}*/

/*%pie_slice(r=10, start_angle=-30, end_angle=270, h=10);*/

/*cubea([10,10,10],[1,0,0]);*/
/*%cubea([10,10,10],[1,0,0],[5,5,5],[1,1,1]);*/

/*%cubea([10,10,10],[-1,0,1]);*/
/*%cubea([10,10,10],[-1,0,1],[1,1,1],[-1,0,1]);*/
/*%cylindera(h=10, r=10/2, align=[-1,1,1], extra_r=5/2, extra_h=2, extra_align=[-1,1,1], $fn=100);*/

/*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[-1,1,1], extra_d=5, extra_h=2, extra_align=[-1,1,1], $fn=100);*/
/*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[1,1,1], extra_d=15, extra_h=2, extra_align=[1,1,1], $fn=100);*/

/*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[1,-1,1], extra_d=5, extra_h=2, extra_align=[-1,-1,1], $fn=100);*/
/*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[1,1,1], extra_d=5, extra_h=2, extra_align=[1,1,1], $fn=100);*/

/*%cylindera(h=10, d=10, align=[1,0,0], extra_d=10);*/

/*hull_pairwise()*/
{
    /*sphere(30/2);*/

/*translate([30,0,0])*/
    /*rcubea(s=[35,35,35], rounding_radius=10);*/
    /*rcubea(s=[35,35,35], align=[0,-1,0]);*/

/*translate([60,0,0])*/
    /*sphere(30/2);*/

    /*stack(dist=10, axis=[0,0,-1])*/
    /*{*/
        /*pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=90, end_angle=-180, align=[0,0,-1]);*/
        /*pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=-90, end_angle=180, align=[0,0,-1]);*/
        /*pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=90, end_angle=270, align=[0,0,-1]);*/
        /*pie_slice(r=30, h=5, start_angle=0, end_angle=270, align=[0,0,-1]);*/
    /*}*/
}