Title: A Note on a Quantitative Form of the Solovay-Kitaev Theorem,
Abstract: The problem of finding good approximations of arbitrary 1-qubit gates is
identical to that of finding a dense group generated by a universal subset of
$SU(2)$ to approximate an arbitrary element of $SU(2)$. The Solovay-Kitaev
Theorem is a well-known theorem that guarantees the existence of a finite
sequence of 1-qubit quantum gates approximating an arbitrary unitary matrix in
$SU(2)$ within specified accuracy $\varepsilon > 0$. In this note we study a
quantitative description of this theorem in the following sense. We will work
with a universal gate set $T$, a subset of $SU(2)$ such that the group
generated by the elements of $T$ is dense in $SU(2)$. For $\varepsilon > 0$
small enough, we define $t_{\varepsilon}$ as the minimum reduced word length
such that every point of $SU(2)$ lies within a ball of radius $\varepsilon$
centered at the points in the dense subgroup generated by $T$. For a measure of
efficiency on T, which we denote $K(T)$, we prove the following theorem: Fix a
$\delta$ in $[0, \frac{2}{3}]$. Choose $f: (0, \infty) \rightarrow (1, \infty)$
satisfying $\lim_{\varepsilon\to
0+}\dfrac{\log(f(t_{\varepsilon}))}{t_{\varepsilon}}$ exists with value $0$.
Assume that the inequality $\varepsilon \leqslant f(t_{\varepsilon})\cdot
5^{\frac{-t_{\varepsilon}}{6-3\delta}}$ holds. Then $K(T) \leqslant 2-\delta$.
Our conjecture implies the following: Let $\nu(5^{t_{\varepsilon}})$ denote the
set of integer solutions of the quadratic form:
$x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2+x_4^2=5^{t_{\varepsilon}}$. Let $M\equiv
M_{S^3}(\mathcal{N})$ denote the covering radius of the points
$\mathcal{N}=\nu(5^{t_{\varepsilon}})\cup\nu(5^{t_{\varepsilon}-1})$ on the
sphere $S^{3}$ in $\mathbb{R}^{4}$. Then $M \sim f(\log
N)N^{\frac{-1}{6-3\delta}}$. Here $N\equiv
N(\varepsilon)=6\cdot5^{t_{\varepsilon}}-2$.