Title: Measuring the Hubble constant with Type Ia supernovae as near-infrared standard candles,
Abstract: The most precise local measurements of $H_0$ rely on observations of Type Ia
supernovae (SNe Ia) coupled with Cepheid distances to SN Ia host galaxies.
Recent results have shown tension comparing $H_0$ to the value inferred from
CMB observations assuming $\Lambda$CDM, making it important to check for
potential systematic uncertainties in either approach. To date, precise local
$H_0$ measurements have used SN Ia distances based on optical photometry, with
corrections for light curve shape and colour. Here, we analyse SNe Ia as
standard candles in the near-infrared (NIR), where intrinsic variations in the
supernovae and extinction by dust are both reduced relative to the optical.
From a combined fit to 9 nearby calibrator SNe with host Cepheid distances from
Riess et al. (2016) and 27 SNe in the Hubble flow, we estimate the absolute
peak $J$ magnitude $M_J = -18.524\;\pm\;0.041$ mag and $H_0 = 72.8\;\pm\;1.6$
(statistical) $\pm$ 2.7 (systematic) km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$. The 2.2 $\%$
statistical uncertainty demonstrates that the NIR provides a compelling avenue
to measuring SN Ia distances, and for our sample the intrinsic (unmodeled) peak
$J$ magnitude scatter is just $\sim$0.10 mag, even without light curve shape or
colour corrections. Our results do not vary significantly with different sample
selection criteria, though photometric calibration in the NIR may be a dominant
systematic uncertainty. Our findings suggest that tension in the competing
$H_0$ distance ladders is likely not a result of supernova systematics that
could be expected to vary between optical and NIR wavelengths, like dust
extinction. We anticipate further improvements in $H_0$ with a larger
calibrator sample of SNe Ia with Cepheid distances, more Hubble flow SNe Ia
with NIR light curves, and better use of the full NIR photometric data set
beyond simply the peak $J$-band magnitude.