Title: Coarse fundamental groups and box spaces,
Abstract: We use a coarse version of the fundamental group first introduced by Barcelo,
Kramer, Laubenbacher and Weaver to show that box spaces of finitely presented
groups detect the normal subgroups used to construct the box space, up to
isomorphism. As a consequence we have that two finitely presented groups admit
coarsely equivalent box spaces if and only if they are commensurable via normal
subgroups. We also provide an example of two filtrations $(N_i)$ and $(M_i)$ of
a free group $F$ such that $M_i>N_i$ for all $i$ with $[M_i:N_i]$ uniformly
bounded, but with $\Box_{(N_i)}F$ not coarsely equivalent to $\Box_{(M_i)}F$.
Finally, we give some applications of the main theorem for rank gradient and
the first $\ell^2$ Betti number, and show that the main theorem can be used to
construct infinitely many coarse equivalence classes of box spaces with various
properties.