Title: Multi-scale Transactive Control In Interconnected Bulk Power Systems Under High Renewable Energy Supply and High Demand Response Scenarios,
Abstract: This thesis presents the design, analysis, and validation of a hierarchical
transactive control system that engages demand response resources to enhance
the integration of renewable electricity generation resources. This control
system joins energy, capacity and regulation markets together in a unified
homeostatic and economically efficient electricity operation that increases
total surplus while improving reliability and decreasing carbon emissions from
fossil-based generation resources.
The work encompasses: (1) the derivation of a short-term demand response
model suitable for transactive control systems and its validation with field
demonstration data; (2) an aggregate load model that enables effective control
of large populations of thermal loads using a new type of thermostat (discrete
time with zero deadband); (3) a methodology for optimally controlling response
to frequency deviations while tracking schedule area exports in areas that have
high penetration of both intermittent renewable resources and fast-acting
demand response; and (4) the development of a system-wide (continental
interconnection) scale strategy for optimal power trajectory and resource
dispatch based on a shift from primarily energy cost-based approach to a
primarily ramping cost-based one.
The results show that multi-layer transactive control systems can be
constructed, will enhance renewable resource utilization, and will operate in a
coordinated manner with bulk power systems that include both regions with and
without organized power markets. Estimates of Western Electric Coordionating
Council (WECC) system cost savings under target renewable energy generation
levels resulting from the proposed system exceed US$150B annually by the year
2024, when compared to the existing control system.