Title: Crystal field excitations from $\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$ ions at defective sites in highly stuffed $\rm Yb_2Ti_2O_7$,
Abstract: The pyrochlore magnet $\rm Yb_2Ti_2O_7$ has been proposed as a quantum spin
ice candidate, a spin liquid state expected to display emergent quantum
electrodynamics with gauge photons among its elementary excitations. However,
$\rm Yb_2Ti_2O_7$'s ground state is known to be very sensitive to its precise
stoichiometry. Powder samples, produced by solid state synthesis at relatively
low temperatures, tend to be stoichiometric, while single crystals grown from
the melt tend to display weak "stuffing" wherein $\mathrm{\sim 2\%}$ of the
$\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$, normally at the $A$ site of the $A_2B_2O_7$ pyrochlore
structure, reside as well at the $B$ site. In such samples $\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$
ions should exist in defective environments at low levels, and be subjected to
crystalline electric fields (CEFs) very different from those at the
stoichiometric $A$ sites. New neutron scattering measurements of
$\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$ in four compositions of $\rm Yb_{2+x}Ti_{2-x}O_{7-y}$, show
the spectroscopic signatures for these defective $\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$ ions and
explicitly demonstrate that the spin anisotropy of the $\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$
moment changes from XY-like for stoichiometric $\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$, to
Ising-like for "stuffed" $B$ site $\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$, or for $A$ site
$\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$ in the presence of an oxygen vacancy.