context: For the half-cell tests, the electrochemical properties were evaluated using a CR2032 corn-type cell. The cells were prepared in an Ar-filled glove box with H2O and O2 concentrations <0.1 ppm. Si@CTSC, Si@ALGC, Si@PVDFC and Si/PVDF were used as the anodes (diameter: 14 mm), and Li metal foil was used as the counter electrodes (thickness: 300 μm and diameter: 12 mm). A Celgard 2400 polypropylene membrane was used as the separator. The electrolyte was 1 M LiPF6 in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:1:1 by vol) with 5 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The electrolyte amount was 5 g A h−1. The electrochemical tests were carried out after letting the assembled cells stand for 24 hours to ensure full infiltration of the electrolyte. The GCD measurements were carried on a Land CT2001A system from 0.01 to 2.5 V. CV measurements were performed with sweep rates from 0.2 to 1.2 mV s−1 using a CHI660E work station. The frequency for the EIS measurements ranged from 100 kHz to 10 mHz. GITT tests were carried out using a constant current pulse with a duration of 10 min and a relaxation process over 10 min.
answer: Si@CTSC, Si@ALGC, Si@PVDFC and Si/PVDF