context: Fig. S3d† and 4d display cyclic voltammogram (CV) curves obtained using the S-C(PAN) anode with bare LMO and LMO-30 min in the potential range of 1.0–3.2 V at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s−1, respectively. One peak is observed in both positive and negative scans in both samples. For the LMO-30 min cathode, a more pronounced peak appearing at 2.63 V in the first positive scan is observed and the peak is shifted to 2.45 V in the subsequent cycles. The peak of the negative scan appears at 1.77 V as depicted in Fig. 4d, which shows that PVDF@LGLZNO does not practically involve in the redox reactions of the tested voltage range, thus the composite coating must be stable and did not contribute to the capacity. The large polarization between the peaks in the first and following cycles is due to SPAN activation energy and the SEI formation. This means that more energy is needed to dissociate the sulfur atom from the pyridine-derivative, which is usually termed as the unique activation process of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile.
answer: LMO