context: Similarly, the cycled S-C(PAN) electrodes paired with bare and coated LMO cathodes were investigated by XPS to confirm the SEI layer components and whether there was dissolved manganese deposited on the anode surface. Fig. 7 shows the XPS spectra of the Mn 2p and O 1s peaks on the S-C(PAN) anodes cycled at 25 °C (bare LMO and LMO-30 min) and 55 °C (LMO-30 min) after 100 cycles using 0.4C-rate. Fig. 7a shows the deposition of manganese on the anode surface when a cell was cycled using a bare LMO cathode and it displays two peaks at 640.1 (Mn2+) and 641.3 eV (Mn3+) for Mn 2p3/2. The decomposition of organic compounds from the electrolyte devastates the original SEI layer and the formation of a new SEI layer on the negative electrode surface in the form of MnxOy occurs. In the case of the LMO-30 min cathode, as shown in Fig. 7b and c, the deposition of manganese on the cycled S-C(PAN) electrode was hardly observed. In addition to XPS, EDS analysis and elemental mapping were also performed. No manganese content was detected on the anode surface when the cell was cycled with the LMO-30 min cathode at 25 °C (Fig. S6†) and LMO-30 min cathode at 55 °C (Fig. S7†). However, the cycled S-C(PAN) anode paired with bare LMO shows Mn distribution in Fig. S8.† As mentioned above, the PVDF@LGLZNO fibrous film protects the cathode and reduces the direct contact of the LMO cathode and the electrolyte. The peak of Mn was absent in the PVDF@LGLZNO coated LMO cathodes. DFT calculation further suggests that the dissolved manganese ion can be adsorbed on the garnet surface, whereby the adsorption energy of Mn2+ on the surface of the garnet was calculated as −53.067 kJ mol−1. Details about the estimation can be referred to in the ESI and Fig. S9.†
answer: S-C(PAN)