context: The electrochemical properties of the prepared α-MnS@NS-C samples were evaluated with lithium metal as the reference electrode. For electrochemical measurements, the obtained α-MnS@NS-C material was mixed with carbon black (SuperP) and polyacrylic acid binder in the stoichiometric ratio of 80:10:10. This slurry was coated on Cu foil and vacuum dried at 120 °C for 12 h to form the anode. An active material loading of 1.5 mg cm−2 was used. A 2032-coin type cell comprising a cathode and lithium metal anode separated by a polymer membrane (Celgard 2400) and a glass fiber (Whatman GF/B) was fabricated in an Ar-filled glove box and aged for 12 h before electrochemical measurements. The electrolyte employed was a 1:1 mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate containing 1 M LiPF6. Galvanostatic measurements were performed on test coin cells using a programmable battery tester (BTS-2004H, Nagano, Japan) over the potential range of 0.01–3.0 V versus Li+/Li. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were performed using a Biologic instrument within the voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V and a scan rate of 0.1–1.0 mV s−1.
answer: 1:1 mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate containing 1 M LiPF6