context: In view of the bifunctional catalytic performance of MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20 towards both UOR and HER, the material was used as both anode and cathode to form a two-electrode electrolyser (MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20‖MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20). Fig. 7a shows the LSV curves of electrolysis cell voltages for both water and water with urea. At 100 mA cm−2, urea–water electrolysis (UOR & HER) requires much less driving voltage (1.405 V) than pure water electrolysis (OER & HER) (1.697 V). The inset of Fig. 7a illustrates a histogram of the driving voltages required at 20, 40, 60, and 100 mA cm−2. It can be seen intuitively that the driving voltage required by urea auxiliary electrolysis is smaller than that required by pure water electrolysis no matter whether the current density is low or high. Fig. 7b shows the polarization curves of the MoP/NF‖MoP/NF, NiCo-LDH/NF‖NiCo-LDH/NF, MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20‖MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20, and Pt/C/NF‖IrO2/NF electrolysis cells in 1 M KOH with 0.5 M urea. At 100 mA cm−2, the cell voltages of MoP/NF‖MoP/NF, NiCo-LDH/NF‖NiCo-LDH/NF, MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20‖MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20, and Pt/C/NF‖IrO2/NF are 1.494, 1.579, 1.405, and 1.708 V, respectively (Table S1†). The results show that at the same current density, the driving cell voltage of MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20‖MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20 is the lowest among all four cells. The significant bifunctional catalytic activity of MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20 exceeds those of reported non-precious metal catalysts (Table S2†).
answer:  MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20