context: In terms of anode fabrication, TiO2/C@NPSC-x was mixed sufficiently with conductive carbon and sodium carboxymethylated cellulose (CMC-Na) to form a uniform slurry (weight ratio: 7:2:1). Then, the Cu foil coated by the slurry was dried in a vacuum oven at 110 °C overnight. The anode electrodes for ex situ XRD tests were fabricated by coating the active materials/CMC-Na (weight ratio: 9:1) slurry on an Al current collector. For cathode electrodes, the home-made activated carbon (ZDPC), conductive carbon and PTFE were blended evenly in deionized water (weight ratio: 90:5:5) and painted on carbon-coated Al foil. The loading weight of each electrode was about 1.0 mg cm−2. Then, coin-type CR2032 cells were constructed inside a glove box filled with Ar gas. The electrolyte was 0.8 M KPF6 in DEC and EC (1:1, v/v). The separator was glass fibers. Fresh potassium foil served as the counter electrode. Before construction of the PIHC device, the TiO2/C@NPSC-700 anode was pre-activated at 0.1 A g−1 for 10 cycles.
answer:  carbon (ZDPC)