context: The nanomesh after galvanostatic EMD deposition is shown in Fig. 2c–e. The electrodeposition resulted in conformal coating of the nanowires with a 8.5 ± 1 nm thick EMD layer. Despite the limited pore size of the nanomesh, the coating was uniformly distributed throughout the depth of the nanowire network, without closing the pores within and at the top of the nanomesh (Fig. 2d). Such open porosity of the cathode is crucial to ensure its high contact area with the battery electrolyte and facilitate transport of Li+ into and out of the electrode. The excellent conformality of EMD on the nanomesh network can be ascribed to both the relatively slow diffusion of reactants through the growing oxide layer, and the pre-deposited MnO2 seed layer, which increases the homogeneity and coulombic efficiency of EMD electrodeposition. X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the as-deposited EMD consists of hydrated MnO2 (Fig. S2†), in agreement with previous observations on the hydrous nature of pristine EMD deposited from aqueous electrolytes. Note that the total thickness of the EMD-coated 3D electrode is much higher than the maximum attainable thickness of electrodeposited MnO2 on planar electrodes (500 nm on Ni and 1.5 μm on carbon-coated TiN), where the thicker EMD layers easily delaminate.